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1
Tsugawa, Shuichi. "Essays on public finance and publicly provided public good." Thesis, Toulouse 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOU10060/document.
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Le résumé en français n'a pas été communiqué par l'auteurThis thesis deals with several theoretical subjects about optimal fiscal and government policy. It contains my four works about tax and other redistributive policy, starting with the general introductory survey as the first chapter. Chapter 2 compares ad-valorem and specific taxation in models where a representative consumer with an exogenous income has both a quality and a quantity choice under perfect competition. In the setting, while ad-valorem tax causes income effect only, specific tax causes both income effect and substitution effect. Therefore, advalorem tax decreases consumer demand for both quality and quantity; on the other hand, specific tax decreases consumer demand for quantity. However, the sign of consumer demand for quality is ambiguous and is determined by the curvature of marginal utility on quantity. Additionally, using a constant elasticity of substitution (CES) utility function and a linear price function, we show that ad-valorem tax is superior to specific tax except for the Leontief preference under which the two forms of commodity taxes generate the same tax revenue. The substitution effect caused by specific tax disappears if the elasticity of substitution converges to zero. In Chapter 3, We examine optimal taxation and public good provision by a government which takes reduction of envy into consideration as one of the constraints. We adopt the notion of extended envy-freeness proposed by Diamantaras and Thomson(1990), called λ-equitability. We derive the modified Samuelson rule at an optimum income tax, and show that, using a constant elasticity of substitution utility function, the direction of distorting the original Samuelson rule to relax λ envy free constraints is crucially determined by the elasticity of substitution. Furthermore, we numerically show that the level of public good increases (or decreases) in the degree of envy-freeness when the provision level is upwardly (or downwardly) distorted. Also,Chapter 4 covers the topic of public good provision under income transfer under that ethical constraint, but allows the social planner to set the surcharge fee for the purpose of excluding some agents whereas we simplify their income as exogenous one (or initial wealth). In this chapter, we study optimal public good provision and user fee in order to exclude some agents by Rawlsian or utilitarian government under lump-sum transfer, constrained by reduction of envy. In particular, we employ the exclusion technique used in Hellwig (2005), i.e., the policymaker decides the level of provision and surcharge fee paid by those making access to it, as well as uniform transfer. Different from Hellwig (2005), we introduce heterogeneity in initial wealth for agents and the envy-free constraint with respect to their one, but not to their tastes for public good. In this setting, we derive the optimal provision level and user fee, and compared to those in Hellwig (2005), for Rawlsian government, the up-charge is lower than the one derived in Hellwig (2005) in order to reduce the envy. Chapter 5 studies optimal nonlinear income tax schedule at symmetric equilibria at which two symmetric states (or tax authorities) compete in order to attract more tax-payers from the opposite. It is different from the existing papers that taxpayers’ wage are endogenously determined by production technology. The optimal tax schedule embraces not only migration effect, but also trickle-down effect coming from endogenous wage, and the migration effect stimulates the trickle-down effect. Compared to previous works, the threat of emigration never disappears in marginal tax rate for highskilled workers because emigration terms are embedded in the production and such factors have impacts on the productivities or their unit wages
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Newman, Andrew Thomas Newman. "The Emergent Good of Public Institutions." The Ohio State University, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1534008861266331.
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Wong, Hiong Chin. "Managing the paradox of commercialising public good research /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2005. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe19030.pdf.
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Koppel, Oliver. "On the determinants of cooperative public good provision." [S.l. : s.n.], 2004. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=971854475.
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Okagbue, Bartholomew Okechukwu. "Ethical Leadership and Good Governance in Nigerian Local Governments." ScholarWorks, 2011. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/1036.
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Research literature identifies ethical leadership, a leadership grounded in ethical norms and practice, as a critical vehicle for achieving organizational goals and fostering good governance. However, little research on leadership has focused on the public sector, leaving a gap in the literature. Leadership in governance is a concern in local government in Nigeria; in spite of the 1976 reforms, the country still lacks good governance and corresponding socioeconomic development. The purpose of this qualitative case study was to explore an ethical leadership model, and determine how such a model could inspire and sustain good governance in Nigerian local government administration. Ethical theories of utilitarianism, deontology, and virtue ethics comprised the theoretical frameworks for this study. Research questions focused on the ways in which Nigerian local council officials attempted to foster and sustain good governance via ethical leadership. Face-to-face interviews with open-ended questions were conducted with 25 civil service employees purposefully selected from a local government. Data were analyzed by identifying themes utilizing constant comparison; these themes included honesty, concern for people, citizen participation, accountability, transparency, and rule of law. Results indicated a preference for an ethical leadership style, with the potential to harness resources to develop Nigeria's socioeconomic situation and improve the quality of governance. The implications for positive social change lie in informing public officials of the value and attributes of an ethical leadership style as well as training institutional leaders on this model. As ethical leadership is fostered in public administration, socioeconomic and human development may follow.
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SENIOR, Rosemary, and r. senior@curtin edu au. "The good language class: teacher perceptions." Edith Cowan University. Education And Arts: School Of Education And Arts, 1999. http://adt.ecu.edu.au/adt-public/adt-ECU2006.0002.html.
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This is a qualitative, descriptive study of group processes in classes of adult language learners, viewed from the perspective of practising teachers. The study has an internal narrative which takes the reader through the process of the research, from the initial question raised by a casual classroom conversation to the discussion chapter which questions a number of assumptions underlying current English language teaching practices within western educational contexts. The study falls into two distinct phases. The first phase uses the constant comparative method of data collection and analysis to integrate the perceptions of 28 experienced language teachers into the following theory: teachers judge the quality of their classes in terms of the degree to which they function as cohesive groups. The second phase uses the social-psychological framework of class cohesion to explore the perceptions of eight language teachers concerning a range of everyday behaviours and events occurring within their classes. The data were gathered through classroom observations and extended weekly teacher interviews and were supplemented by information from student interviews.
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Behari-Leak, Kasturi, and Sioux McKenna. "Generic gold standard or contextualised public good? Teaching excellence awards in post-colonial South Africa." Routledge, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/66774.
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Publisher versionTeaching Excellence Awards have raised the profile of teaching as a scholarly project. There are however a number of questions about what constitutes teaching excellence and how ‘excellence’ is understood in current higher education. In a post-colonial South Africa, where significant injustices permeate our society, we question whether excellence can be understood in a generic manner. Furthermore, we argue that as universities are a public good, teaching excellence needs to explicitly attend to the ways in which universities contribute to broad goals of transformation and inclusivity. We analysed data from the national Teaching Excellence Awards and 13 South African universities’ awards to interrogate the discourses that underpin ‘excellence’ in this context of social inequality. We found that while the awards have gone some way to enhancing the position of teaching in institutions, ‘excellence’ was largely articulated in fairly generic ways which failed to take into account the enablements and constraints of the discipline and the institution. Furthermore, the guidelines and criteria privilege a decontextualised notion of excellence that seeks a ‘gold standard’ and validates performativity, rather than a contextualised response to the needs of the students.
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Banerjee, Anwesha. "Three essays on private contributions to a public good." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020AIXM0109.
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Cette thèse de doctorat met en avant les facteurs différentes qui influencent les contributions volontaires à un bien public. Le premier article présente un modèle général de contributions à un bien public dans lequel les individus d’un groupe ont des préférences altruistes vers les autres membres de leur groupe. De plus, j’examine un deuxième modèle où les membres peuvent donner des transferts de revenus privés aux autres membres en plus de contribuer au bien public. Sous la séparabilité additive des fonctions d’utilité, je trouve que l’équilibre (Nash) du modèle avec des transferts est étroitement lié à l’équilibre du modèle sans transferts. Dans le deuxième article, co-écrit avec mon directeur de thèse Nicolas Gravel, j’analyse l’impact de la distribution de croyances des agents sur les contributions à un bien public. Nous construisons un modèle où il existe une incertitude quant à l’avantage d’un bien public. Les individus ont des croyances hétérogènes à propos de cet avantage. Nous supposons que les contributeurs ont des préférences savagiennes qui sont représentées par une fonction d’utilité espéré dépendante de deux états. Les individus ont des croyances différentes au sujet du bénéfice qui résultant de la somme de leurs contributions. Le troisième article utilise les données d’une expérience de laboratoire pour étudier comment les contributions à un bien public sont affectes lorsque les sujets sont confrontés à une incertitude quant à l’avantage du bien public. De plus, je compare le cas où les sujets diffèrent dans l’avantage qu’ils retirent d’un bien public avec le cas où l’avantage est homogèneThis doctoral thesis highlights the different factors that influence voluntary contributions to a public good. Chapter 1 presents a general model of private provision of a public good where individuals in a group have altruistic preferences towards other members of their group. Moreover, I examine a second model where members can give private transfers of income to other members they care about, in addition to contributing to the public good. Under additive separability of the utility functions, I find the Nash equilibrium of the model with transfers is closely connected to the equilibrium of the model without transfers. The threshold level of income of the model without transfers and the income of the poorest individual in the group together play a key role in determining the existence of private transfers of income. Chapter 2 examines how voluntary contributions to a public good are affected by the contributors’ heterogeneity in beliefs about the uncertain impact of their contributions. It assumes that contributors have Savagian preferences that are represented by a two-state- dependent expected utility function and different beliefs about the benefit that will result from the sum of their contributions. Chapter 3 uses data from a laboratory experiment to study how contributions to a public good are affected when subjects face uncertainty regarding the benefit from the public good. In addition, I contrast the case when subjects differ in the benefit they get from a public good with when the benefit is homogeneous. I investigate whether heterogeneity in benefits affects contributions differently under certainty and uncertainty
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Fellner, Gerlinde, Yoshio Iida, Sabine Kröger, and Erika Seki. "Heterogeneous productivity in voluntary public good provision - an experimental analysis." WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 2010. http://epub.wu.ac.at/2775/1/wu%2Dwp133.pdf.
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This article experimentally examines voluntary contributions when group members' marginal returns to the public good vary. The experiment implements two marginal return types, low and high, and uses the information that members have about the heterogeneity to identify the applied contribution norm. We find that norms vary with
the information environment. If agents are aware of the heterogeneity, contributions increase in general. However, high types contribute more than low types when contributions can be linked to the type of the donor but contribute less otherwise. Low types, on the other hand, contribute more than high types when group members are aware of the heterogeneity but contributions cannot be linked to types. Our results underline the importance of the information structure when persons with different abilities contribute to a joint project, as in the context of teamwork or charitable giving. (author's abstract)Series: Department of Economics Working Paper Series
10
Barrowclough, D. "Seeing double? : duplication, diversity, and the public good of television." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.596431.
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This project is based around three main themes, which are developed in seven chapters. Firstly, we trace the development of a conventional wisdom about television, following 300 years of theory about public goods. This has now been comprehensively challenged, to the extent that today, the only convincing rationale for public intervention is that it should provide something distinctively different. Markets have proved to be very successful at delivering television, although they fail to provide a full range of programme types, or to serve the full range of tastes. There is argued to be a role for a "gap filling" social planner. This role must be seen in a broader context than usual, because gap-filler also causes indirect, spill-over effects onto other broadcasters. More subtle effects depend on how distinctive is the public broadcaster's programme profile, and whether it also sells advertising. We show this with a model of product differentiation in the tradition of Hotelling and Cournot, with special features that capture the unusual nature of the television market: in particular the role of third-party payment by advertisers. We embed this in a practical context, by designing and applying a series of quantitative performance indicators, measuring the extent to which British and New Zealand public broadcasters are truly distinctive. Thirdly, this project examines the quasi-market mechanisms introduced into television's finance and delivery. New Zealand and Britain offer two extremely different versions of these new kinds of economic arrangements, which emerged widely throughout the public sector in the 1990s, in attempts to marry the benefits of markets and competition with traditional ideals and mechanisms of public service. This gives us a unique laboratory with which to examine their effects, with all the more resonance given that television has always been one of the "classic" public goods. Their experience has been less encouraging than expected, which we argue occurred because the quasi-market objectives in both countries were ambiguous, and not backed up with appropriate mechanisms for monitoring and reward. This theme is particularly topical, given intensifying recent calls for British public broadcasting to follow the very radical New Zealand model. We conclude by asking whether television is still the best vehicle through which to deliver public service, given the potential of new technologies such as the Internet.
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Costa, Francisco Junqueira Moreira da. "On the limits of cheap talk for public good provision." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/1738.
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This article studies a model where, as a consequence of private information, agents do not have incentive to invest in a desired joint project, or a public good, when they are unable to have prior discussion with their partners. As a result, the joint project is never undertaken and inefficiency is observed. Agastya, Menezes and Sengupta (2007) prove that with a prior stage of communication, with a binary message space, it is possible to have some efficiency gain since 'all ex-ante and interim efficient equilibria exhibit a simple structure'. We show that any finite message space does not provide efficiency gain on the simple structure discussed in that article. We use laboratory experiments to test these results. We find that people do contribute, even without communication, and that any kind of communication increases the probability of project implementation. We also observed that communication reduces the unproductive contribution, and that a large message space cannot provide efficiency gain relative to the binary one.
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McIlraith, Caroline. "A Public Reckoning: Interior Design, Comedy, & the Common Good." VCU Scholars Compass, 2018. https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/5490.
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This thesis investigates drinking water quality and the ways in which our built environment can be used to as a tool to alter or confront perception through the violation of expectations. Research indicates that the design of public interiors could be a key component in regulating healthy urban ecologies. Desire to understand the opposing needs of two user groups – the skeptic and the advocate – led me to research design prototypes that prioritize the unexpected as it is manifested in spectacle as underscored through proximity.
By abstracting this research, a new hypothetical design is formed in the form of a comedy lounge, water museum, and research laboratory that will evoke inclusivity, collaboration, and surprise. This reimagining of public programs will serve to invite users to be “in on the joke,” as well as, become participants in acts of reckoning, accountability, and conservation for the future of common goods like drinking water.
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Concina, Laura <1982>. "Three essays on leadership and cooperation in public good games." Doctoral thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/1172.
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The issues explored in this thesis concerns public good games. We tackle the topic from di erent prospectives focusing on leadership and cooperation. Each chapter considers public good games from di erent angles. In the first chapter, we analyse reference dependent agents (that use a reference point to determine their choices) and standard agents who interact in simultaneous or in sequential public good situations. The second chapter consists of a sequential repeated public good experiment where subjects participate to a competitive mechanism to become leader in a group. Finally, in the third chapter, we study the implication of non- and semi-parametric methods in the re-analysis of two well-known public good experiments.In questa tesi, le questioni considerate riguardano giochi con beni pubblici. Affrontiamo l'argomento da diversi punti di vista focalizzando l'attenzione sulla leadership e sulla cooperazione. In ogni capitolo consideriamo i giochi di beni pubblici da prospettive diverse. Nel primo capitolo, analizziamo agenti reference dependent (che utilizzano un punto di riferimento per determinare le loro scelte) e agenti standard i quali interagiscono in situazione simultanee o sequenziali concernenti i beni pubblici. Il secondo capitolo consiste in un esperimento di beni pubblici ripetuto e sequenziale dove i soggetti partecipano ad un meccanismo competitivo per diventare leader in un gruppo. Ifi ne, nel terzo capitolo, studiamo l'implicazione dei metodi non- e semi-parametrici nella rianalisi di due esperimenti di beni pubblici ben noti.
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Francisco, Luís Cláudio de Almeida. "O contributo da auditoria pública para a Good Governance." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Ciências Sociais e Políticas, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/18939.
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Dissertação de Mestrado em Gestão e Políticas PúblicasEste trabalho visa discutir o papel das ISC enquanto entidades de auditoria pública, e qual o seu contributo para a good governance. Das diversas pesquisas bibliográficas efetuadas, apurou-se que a good governance é tida como uma forma de governação, boa, que assenta em participação pública, em transparência, responsabilização, respeito, cumprimento da lei e satisfação das necessidades das populações, onde se basearia a força do desenvolvimento social. Face aos objetivos de trabalho definidos, foi assim produzido e aplicado um guião de entrevista a vários intervenientes qualificados de auditoria pública, tendo-se recolhido opinião, experiências e visão sobre o modo como a good governance acontece hoje em Portugal, nomeadamente quanto à transparência da governação, quanto acautela os riscos da atividade pública e quanto permite a aplicação da accountability. A utilização e aplicação de auditoria pública, facilitará o processo de criação de valor e confiança pública de toda uma comunidade. De acordo com a literatura de referência e com os entrevistados, a auditoria de contexto público tem um papel determinante na concretização da good governance. De resto, vários organismos internacionais de referência (OCDE, ONU, FMI, Banco Mundial, entre outros) perseguem e fomentam a prática da good governance, não só, mas também, com recurso ao reforço de práticas e procedimentos de auditoria pública, fazendo relevar o papel complementar entre a produção de auditorias de compliance e de auditorias de performance. Das entrevistas aos intervenientes qualificados nestas matérias, foram obtidos importantes contributos, em especial de reforço da prática da good governance através da auditoria pública e dos relatórios produzidos por esta, reforçando assim a cidadania.
This paper aims to discuss the role of SAIs as public audit entities, and is contribution to good governance. From the various bibliographical studies carried out, it was found that good governance is considered as a good form of governance, based on public participation, transparency, accountability, respect, compliance with the law and meeting the needs of the population for social development. In view of the defined work objectives, an interview guide was produced and applied to a number of qualified interviewees which used public audit. Their opinions, experiences and insights were collected on how good governance occurs; how it is transparent and of much to guard against the risks of public activity and how much it allows the application of accountability today in Portugal. The public audit outcome will be to create public value and trust for an entire community. According to the reference literature and the interviewees, the public context audit plays a decisive role in the achievement of good governance. In addition, several international reference organizations (OECD, UN, IMF, World Bank, among others) pursue and foster good governance not only, but also through the reinforcement of public auditing practices and procedures, regarding the complementary role between the production of compliance audits and performance audits. From the interviews with the qualified actors in these matters, important contributions were obtained, in particular to reinforce the practice of good governance through public auditing and the reports produced by it, thus reinforcing citizenship.
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Bonic, Stephanie Alexis. "Educational value is not private! : defending the concept of public education." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/1111.
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The privatization of K-12 education in Canada is not new. The public and private sectors feel like natural elements of the Canadian education system because they have existed side by side since confederation. However, this thesis challenges that tradition and argues that private education undermines collective responsibility for education as a shared, public good by catering to private interests and isolating students from the public realm. Not only does private education reinforce the likelihood of socio-economic stratification, but the concept of a “public good” is increasingly destabilized as social services like education are privatized. Why, then, does the privatization of K-12 education continue to be an insignificant political issue in Canada?
This question is particularly pertinent at a time when neoliberalism is in full swing in the United States, and all the time more apparent in Canada. Neoliberalism’s emphasis on the precedence of economic ideals over concerns for social welfare and democratic participation has transformed the way that we understand “value”. Drawing on a broad range of scholars including Charles Taylor, Richard Pildes, Janice Gross Stein, Henry Giroux, Francois-Lyotard and Michel Foucault, this thesis argues that the values involved in the very concept of private education reinforce, and are reinforced by, neoliberal views about the place of the individual within society, and that these values are detrimental to the concern for education as shared, public good.
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Cole, Kenneth, and n/a. "Good for the Soul: The Relationship between Work, Wellbeing, and Psychological Capital." University of Canberra. Business and Government, 2007. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20081027.155000.
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Both economic and psychological research provides strong evidence that unemployment
adversely affects a person's mental, emotional, and physical wellbeing, which in turn may
impair his/her ability to regain employment. Studies also suggest a person's "psychological
capital" (personality traits that influence the productivity of labour) may mediate (1) the impact
of unemployment on wellbeing and facilitate re-employment. While the effects of
unemployment have been well documented, the simultaneous relationship between wellbeing
and labour market status and the influencing role of psychological capital have received much
less attention, requiring further investigation. There is still concern in the literature that "the
exact nature of the interrelationships between labour market experience and mental health
remains unclear and complicated by questions over the direction of causality and
heterogeneous impacts across individuals." (Dockery, 2006, p. 2)
The purpose of this research is to explore the interrelationship between labour market status,
wellbeing, and psychological capital in more detail. The thesis combines key concepts from
various economic and psychological theories, each partially describing how labour market
status, wellbeing, and psychological capital interact with each other. The validity of the
integrated model is then tested by estimating structural equations for labour market status and
wellbeing using cross-sectional and longitudinal data from the Household, Income and
Labour Dynamics in Australia (HILDA) Survey. The HILDA Survey is a broad social and
economic survey that focuses on family and household formation, income and work. The
survey contains economic, psychological, and demographic data with sound psychometric
qualities for a large sample of working aged Australians that makes it well suited to this type of analysis.
As well as the regression analyses, the results of a case study conducted with a group of jobseekers
at an employment agency are also reported. The study sought to evaluate the
effectiveness of personal development training for the unemployed (designed to improve
psychological capital), and its subsequent influence on their ability to regain employment.
While the research was halted before completion, some valuable insights were gleamed from
the study, and these warrant discussion.
Findings of the research indicate a simultaneous relationship exists between labour market
status and wellbeing. Individuals with healthier wellbeing are more likely to be employed,
and employment contributes to healthier wellbeing. The results also indicate psychological
capital is an important variable influencing wellbeing, partially mediating the impact of
unemployment on wellbeing. Employed individuals have significantly higher psychological
capital than those who are unemployed or not in the labour force, or those who transition in
and out of employment. Psychological capital appears to be a relatively stable, but somewhat
malleable, personality construct that does not vary greatly for individuals experiencing
changes in labour market status (LMS). People who develop poor psychological capital
during youth may therefore be predisposed to a higher risk of being unemployed when they
enter the labour market.
The results suggest programs/policies that foster healthier wellbeing and psychological capital
during youth, or repair damaged psychological capital once in the labour market, could help
lower unemployment or the duration of unemployment. Recent Australian government policy
initiatives designed to improve labour force participation and productivity by enhancing
human capital are likely to be more effective if they also target psychological capital. The
research also highlights shortcomings in mainstream economic theory, which are discussed
along with the weaknesses of the study, and opportunities for further research.
(1) A mediator effect (or indirect effect) involves one or more "intervening variables" transmitting some or all of the causal effects of prior variables (e.g. unemployment) onto subsequent variables (e.g. wellbeing). See: Byrne, 2001).
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Fernando, Ruwani Kumari, and n/a. "A good woman : silencing the self, rumination and depression in romantic relationships." University of Otago. Department of Psychology, 2006. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20060829.122313.
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"Rumination" and "Silencing the Self" have both been theorised to explain women�s greater vulnerability to depression. Rumination (Nolen-Hoeksema, e.g., 1987, 1991) refers to a passive focus on mood and symptoms, while Silencing the Self (Jack, 1991) refers to the socially-based belief that, broadly speaking, one should actively suppress one�s negative emotions and thoughts within romantic relationships. This thesis proposes that frequent suppression of negative emotional material within romantic relationships (self-silencing) makes that material more likely to be a target for rumination, resulting in greater depressed mood and depressive symptoms.
It seems paradoxical that the more one tries to suppress one�s thoughts, the more one thinks about them. Wenzlaff and Luxton (2003) have demonstrated that frequent suppression may make material more accessible and a more likely target of rumination. Study 1 was a pilot investigation. It was found that self-silencing (the broad construct) and thought suppression (a narrower construct) were related, and that both were positively correlated with rumination. Furthermore, thought suppression contributed to the relationship between self-silencing and rumination for women.
It was hypothesised that the more women suppress their negative feelings in romantic relationships (what Jack, 1991, describes as "Silencing the Self"), the more they will ruminate about these feelings and experience symptoms of depression. In Studies 2 and 3, the correlations among rumination, self-silencing and depression in adults and high school students were investigated. There were positive correlations among all the measured variables for adults and teenage girls, supporting the hypotheses. Regression analyses showed that for female adults and teenagers, rumination and self-silencing made unique, additive contributions to the prediction of depressive symptoms.
In Studies 4 and 5, the causal relationship among self-silencing, rumination and depressed mood was investigated. Participants were asked either to write about a sad event that had happened in their relationships, or a typical (neutral) event. In Study 4, participants were also instructed to write either factually about these events, or to write in a ruminative way about them. Participants� chronic tendencies to self-silence were measured and they were classed as "high" or "low" self-silencers based on a median split. Female participants who chronically self-silenced more frequently and who ruminated experienced the most dramatic decrease in mood. In Study 5 participants wrote factually or suppressed their feelings about sad or neutral events and their tendency to ruminate was measured. Participants were divided into "high" and "low" ruminators based on a median split of their rumination scores. There was no support for the alternative hypothesis that chronic ruminators who suppressed would report depressed mood.
Study 6 confirmed that in women, the combination of both chronic self-silencing in romantic relationships and acute rumination resulted in more severe symptoms of depression. Participants were e-mailed daily for one month about their self-silencing, rumination and negative mood. Chronic self-silencing, rumination and depressive symptoms were measured at the start and end of the month. Again, the combination of chronic self-silencing and acute rumination emerged as a better predictor of depressive symptoms than either variable alone.
The six studies reported in this thesis support the hypothesis that self-silencing and rumination together explain short term negative mood as well as depressive symptoms even after one month. These studies explain why certain women are more likely to experience depressed mood in the context of romantic relationships. In particular, the combination of being a high self-silencer and ruminating makes one especially vulnerable to depressed mood and depressive symptoms.
Clinically, there are already interventions targeted at rumination that are effective in reducing distress. However, the current research demonstrates that self-silencing may also be a promising target for intervention. Self-silencing is based on a wider understanding of the social context of depression. By targeting self-silencing, as well as rumination, depression may be more effectively treated.
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Towah, William Deiyan. "The Impact of Good Governance and Stability on Sustainable Development in Ghana." ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/6284.
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Previous studies have lauded Ghana's commitment to sustainable development, but corruption and violence may affect sustainable development policies and initiatives related to poverty reduction, agricultural practices, environmental protection, and human development. The purpose of this holistic, qualitative case study was to identify and describe good governance practices in Ghana and threats to sustainable development. A Marxist conceptual lens guided the thematic analysis of data collected from artifact documents, field notes, and interviews of 20 key informants from various professions and diverse perspectives who were directly involved in the governance of Ghana or implementation of policies. Three primary themes emerged: (a) the importance of active governance proactively anticipating and responding to citizen's needs through democratic processes, independent judiciary, social inclusion, and influence in Africa; (b) an effective governance formulating and implementing specific policies to advance citizens' standard of living in partnership with the private sector focused on human capital, education, health services, farms-to-market infrastructures, and revamping economic priorities; and (c) fair governance and rule of law accountable to the people. Ghana's good governance practices for sustainable development that were identified integrated some Western practices while maintaining and sustaining its own cultural norms and priorities. This may be a durable recipe for other African nations to use to effect positive social change for citizens, private institutions, and therefore, good governance, which is germane for sustainable development.
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Urquhart, Julie. "Public benefits from private forests and woodland in England : investigating the opportunities for public good enhancement." Thesis, University of Gloucestershire, 2009. http://eprints.glos.ac.uk/3191/.
Full textAbstract:
Public goods such as environmental conservation, amenity and carbon sequestration are increasingly emphasised in forest policy agendas. However, many public benefits in woodlands have occurred incidentally, rather than on the basis of socio-economic logic and often at locations relatively inaccessible to major centres of population. In fact, data reveal a concentration of privately owned woodland in densely populated areas, especially in central and southern England, and that woodland is often factored into residential location decisions and lifestyle behaviours. However, the provision of public goods is likely to be contingent on the value systems of private forest and woodland owners and their flexibility of response to measures promoted under the devolved forest strategies. A combination of qualitative and quantitative research methods were employed to construct a robust typology of private woodland owners with respect to their willingness and ability to deliver public good benefits in three study areas in England: the Lake District, Cornwall and the High Weald AONB. Building on an exploratory scoping study, Q Methodology interviews were conducted with 10 woodland owners in each study area, followed by a self-completion survey, administered using Dillman's Total Design Method. Data from 600 woodland owners was subjected to a Factor and Cluster Analysis, with the emergent model validated using Discriminant Analysis. Six discrete private woodland owner types were revealed: Individualists, Multifunctional Owners, Private Consumers, Conservationists, Investors and Amenity Owners. Important distinctions between owner groups are associated with the likely provision of particular benefits and disbenefits, and the classification suggests that a move from a production versus consumption/protection framework to one that includes intersecting goals may be more appropriate. Policy implications are discussed to facilitate use of the typology in targeting particular woodland owner groups with more nuanced policy mechanisms, including incentive schemes, market mechanisms and advisory services.
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Sengupta, Bodhisattva. "Federalism, public good provision and corruption : three essays in political economy." Thesis, McGill University, 2007. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=115649.
Full textAbstract:
The thesis consists of three essays. In the first essay, the role of party politics in provision of public goods within a federal economy is analyzed. The public goods, which have inter-jurisdictional spillover effect, are locally produced with federal transfers and local revenues. The federal government can not commit to the level of transfers. The direction and magnitude of federal fund flows are influenced by local revenues as well as the re-election probability of the parties in power at the federal and provincial levels. Under such a scenario, politically motivated grants alter the incentive for raising local revenues. If votes swing heavily in favor of either the incumbent or the challenger in the provincial elections and/or if the coefficients for absolute prudence from the utility of public good are low enough, then grants are designed in such a way that the incentive for increasing revenues is lower in the province where the party identity is similar with the federal government. If these conditions are not met, such incentive is higher in the politically favorite regime. This result is generalized over different combinations of ruling parties in different seats of government.In the second essay, the issue of dynamic public good provision within a federation is analyzed. Provinces lobby for more federal funds to produce a pure, dynamic public good such as an improvement in environmental quality. Allocation of federal funds is dictated by the level of lobbying. Consumers' welfare equals utility from the public good, net of lobbying cost. For symmetric provinces, the steady state lobbying level and stock of public good may be greater in the case when lobbyists are non-benevolent and captures a part of the federal grant as private rent. Second, with a rent-appropriating lobbyist, the welfare of the consumers may be higher under non-cooperative lobbying protocol. In case of asymmetric provinces, welfare may 'flow' from the less efficient province to the more efficient province, violating equalization principle within a federation.
In the third essay, the disciplinary role of elections is discussed. The incumbent politician in a province, with locally procured taxes, provides a local public good and appropriates some private rent. The incumbent's reputation decreases with the amount of rent. Voters may judge the performance of the incumbent in two ways: either his absolute performance matters or his performance is compared with that of the neighboring provinces' incumbent through yardstick competition. In a static setting, the unitary evaluation fares better than relative evaluation in restraining the politician. However, in a dynamic setting, when the stock of reputation increases through time, a relative evaluation imposes higher discipline on incumbent politician.
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Lee, William. "The evolution of cooperation and diversity in public good producing organisms." Thesis, Royal Holloway, University of London, 2013. http://repository.royalholloway.ac.uk/items/57a5032b-ce0d-1e40-a7da-3d85a0df5d57/6/.
Full textAbstract:
In a population of altruists, all individuals thrive. But altruists are exploited by cheating individuals which do not perform altruistic acts but still benefit from those. In these conditions cooperation cannot easily evolve. This issue is resolved by kin recognition: altruists recognise each other through the use of a conspicuous tag. These altruists do well until cheaters acquire the signalling tag and disrupt the cooperation. But altruists using a different tag can then invade the population, followed by new cheaters. This mechanism can lead to a diversity of tags coexisting in the population. However it has not yet been applied in realistic biological systems. In this thesis, I formulated mathematical and simulation models to investigate the effect of diversity on the evolutionary dynamics in systems where different altruists compete with cheaters. In particular, I focused on organisms producing public goods, i.e. goods that can profit to the whole population. I considered two biological systems models: gynodioecious populations of plants, where hermaphrodites produce pollen that can be used by female-only individuals, and bacteria producing an iron-chelating molecule, called siderophore, that can be exploited by both producers and non-producers. I found that diversity in gynodioecious plants is dependent on population structure. In particular, I found that the maximal level of diversity occurs when the population structure does not favour altruists or cheaters. Next, I found a number of important results in siderophore-producing bacteria. By considering a detailed ecological model, I derived Hamilton's rule in a metapopulation and found that the level of cooperation in a population depends on the length of interaction between strains. Finally, I discovered a novel evolutionary mechanism generating and maintaining diversity and showed that it results from non-equilibrium mechanisms. These findings explain why cheaters appear readily in experiments but are rare in natural populations. My results demonstrate the importance of integrating ecological details in order to understand the mechanisms leading to cooperation and diversity, and will provide a basis and framework for future studies on the emergence and maintenance of diversity.
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Lopera, Maria Adelaida. "Elicitation of subjective expectations : an application to a public good experiment." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/25963/25963.pdf.
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Oliveira, André Luis. "Management of public hospital clinic: organization lead for a good attendance." Universidade de Taubaté, 2004. http://www.bdtd.unitau.br/tedesimplificado/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=58.
Full textAbstract:
The administration of the public service of health, historically organized for the state, passes for transformations that search the improvement of the service offered to its public, the using citizen. The state of São Paulo implemented from 1998 a management system that uses recognized entities socially (SOH - Social Organization of Health) to execute the planned and controlled actions of health for the government. In agreement to this trend of opening and development of the public politics, the federal government search to improve the quality of relationship in its sectors of attendance. The presented research evaluated questions organizations of a clinic of specialties of the city of São Paulo that functions operated for a SOH. Using the perspective of the user, it searched to verify with are the administrative questions that are perceived and valued for the citizen. The results had evidenced low the capacity of perception and evaluation of the users of the clinic. The analysis perceived in the data of the research with superficial characteristics and without criteria technician, can be related with the low educational level of the layers poor of main the Brazilian population that are user public system of health. (National system of health). The research proved the development of the public management in the health area, as well as the viability of application of research correlated to the applied model.A administração do serviço público de saúde, historicamente organizada pelo Estado, passa por transformações que buscam a melhoria do serviço oferecido ao seu público alvo, o cidadão usuário. O estado de São Paulo implementou a partir de 1998 um sistema de gestão que utiliza entidades reconhecidas socialmente (OSS Organização Social de Saúde) para executar as ações de saúde planejadas e controladas pelo governo. Em concordância à essa tendência de abertura e remodelamento das políticas públicas, o Governo Federal busca melhorar a qualidade de relacionamento em seus setores de atendimento. A pesquisa avaliou questões organizacionais de um ambulatório de especialidades da cidade de São Paulo que funciona operacionalizado por uma OSS. Usando a perspectiva do usuário, buscou verificar quais são os quesitos administrativos que são percebidos e valorizados pelo cidadão. Os resultados evidenciaram a baixa capacidade de percepção e avaliação dos usuários do ambulatório. A análise percebida nos dados da pesquisa, com características superficiais, emotivas e sem critérios técnicos, pode estar relacionada com o baixo nível educacional das camadas mais pobres da população brasileira que são os principais usuários do sistema público de saúde (SUS Sistema Único de Saúde). A pesquisa provou o desenvolvimento do gerenciamento público na área de saúde, assim como a viabilidade de aplicação de pesquisas correlacionadas ao modelo aplicado.
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Kim, Jeong H. "A public durable good/bad theory in an overlapping generations economy." Diss., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/53549.
Full textAbstract:
This research analyzes the long-lived public good/bad. The public good/bad is defined to ‘live long’ in the sense that the external effects of an action persist beyond the decision horizon of the actor. Thus, a very simple overlapping generations economy is modeled in which the agent lives for two periods while the public durable good/bad lasts indefinitely with deterioration/amelioration. Pareto optimality, the Lindahl equilibrium, and the theory of voluntary provision for this overlapping generations model are contrasted with those of the atemporal model.Ph. D.
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Baggio, Marianna. "Experimental Perspectives on Intergenerational Altruism: A Study on Public Good Dilemmas." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trento, 2015. https://hdl.handle.net/11572/368316.
Full textAbstract:
Humans evolved over millennia into agents that invest heavily, both directly and indirectly, in their children. Part of the investment into children is represented by contributions to long-run public goods, including the educational system, the health-care system, major infrastructures and environmental protection. Moreover, the production of some of these public goods has wide-ranging externalities to local or global communities (think of vaccination programs, for example). This Doctoral Thesis is a collection of three essays on the topic of long-run, across-the-border public goods, from the vantage point of Experimental and Behavioral Economics. The first Chapter reviews the literature up to date, re-organizing previous works on Public Good games for the benefit of explaining why intergenerational and international public goods are different from standard ones. The second and third Chapters provide empirical evidence on matters such as heterogeneity linked to seniority and dynastic membership in the provision of public goods.
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Baggio, Marianna. "Experimental Perspectives on Intergenerational Altruism: A Study on Public Good Dilemmas." Doctoral thesis, University of Trento, 2015. http://eprints-phd.biblio.unitn.it/1624/1/DoctoralThesis_MariannaBaggio.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
Humans evolved over millennia into agents that invest heavily, both directly and indirectly, in their children. Part of the investment into children is represented by contributions to long-run public goods, including the educational system, the health-care system, major infrastructures and environmental protection. Moreover, the production of some of these public goods has wide-ranging externalities to local or global communities (think of vaccination programs, for example). This Doctoral Thesis is a collection of three essays on the topic of long-run, across-the-border public goods, from the vantage point of Experimental and Behavioral Economics. The first Chapter reviews the literature up to date, re-organizing previous works on Public Good games for the benefit of explaining why intergenerational and international public goods are different from standard ones. The second and third Chapters provide empirical evidence on matters such as heterogeneity linked to seniority and dynastic membership in the provision of public goods.
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D'ADDA, GIOVANNA. "Fostering collective action: three artefactual experiments on local public good provision." Doctoral thesis, Università Bocconi, 2012. https://hdl.handle.net/11565/4054258.
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Quang, Nguyen Van, and n/a. "Some Australian English-Vietnamese cross-cultural differences in conveying good and bad news." University of Canberra. Education, 1992. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20061107.090215.
Full textAbstract:
This Study examines some cross-cultural differences in conveying good
and bad news in Australian English and Vietnamese. Three major
aspects are taken into consideration: address forms, modality, and
directness-indirectness. Theoretical issues are raised and discussed, and
questionnaire data collected and analysed.
Chapter I shows why it is important and necessary to study crosscultural
differences and sets up the aims of the study.
Chapter II deals with address forms in general and the use of address
forms in conveying good and bad news in the Australian and
Vietnamese cultural contexts in particular..The similarities and
differences between the two systems are also discussed.
Chapter III dwells on modality and its devices: modals, modality
markers, subjunctive mood (in English) and lexico-modal operators for
subjunctive mood (in Vietnamese). The use of these devices in
communicating good and bad news in the two cultures is discussed in
detail.
Chapter IV is concerned theoretically with directness-indirectness, and
the relationship between indirectness and politeness. How directness and
in-directness are actually used to convey good and bad news in
Australian and Vietnamese cultures is also analysed.
Chapter V concludes the Study and suggests implications for ELT.
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Mughal, Muhammad Shahid. "Good governance for the sustainable public housing development : case study : Karachi, Pakistan /." Thesis, View the Table of Contents & Abstract, 2005. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B35081156.
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Lanphier, Tonya S. "Operationalizing Good Schools in Kentucky." TopSCHOLAR®, 2011. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/1127.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis explores three models of a good school: the Modified Academic Index Model, the Demographically-Adjusted Model, and the Equity Model. The Modified Academic Index Model uses test scores, from the Commonwealth Accountability Testing System 2008 and 2009 academic year, to measure good schools. The Demographically-Adjusted Model uses these test scores while controlling for certain demographic variables. The Equity Model uses standard deviations of these test scores to measure quality schools. Rankings of the 228 public high schools in Kentucky are developed for each model. The rankings of the models are then compared.
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North, MacLaren Andrew. "Protecting the past for the public good: archaeology and Australian heritage law." University of Sydney, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/1602.
Full textAbstract:
Doctor of PhilosophyArchaeological remains have long been recognised as fragile evidence of the past, which require protection. Legal protection for archaeological heritage has existed in Australia for more than thirty years but there has been little analysis of the aims and effectiveness of that legislation by the archaeological profession. Much Australian heritage legislation was developed in a period where the dominant paradigm in archaeological theory and practice held that archaeology was an objective science. Australian legislative frameworks continue to strongly reflect this scientific paradigm and contemporary archaeological heritage management practice is in turn driven by these legislative requirements. This thesis examines whether archaeological heritage legislation is fulfilling its original intent. Analysis of legislative development in this thesis reveals that legislators viewed archaeological heritage as having a wide societal value, not solely or principally for the archaeological community. Archaeological heritage protection is considered within the broader philosophy of environmental conservation. As an environmental issue, it is suggested that a ‘public good’ conservation paradigm is closer to the original intent of archaeological heritage legislation, rather than the “scientific” paradigm which underlies much Australian legislation. Through investigation of the developmental history of Australian heritage legislation it is possible to observe how current practice has diverged from the original intent of the legislation, with New South Wales and Victoria serving as case studies. Further analysis is undertaken of the limited number of Australian court cases which have involved substantial archaeological issues to determine the court’s attitude to archaeological heritage protection. Situating archaeological heritage protective legislation within the field of environmental law allows the examination of alternate modes of protecting archaeological heritage and creates opportunities for ‘public good’ conservation outcomes. This shift of focus to ‘public good’ conservation as an alternative to narrowly-conceived scientific outcomes better aligns with current public policy directions including the sustainability principles, as they have developed in Australia, as well as indigenous rights of self-determination. The thesis suggests areas for legal reforms which direct future archaeological heritage management practice to consider the ‘public good’ values for archaeological heritage protection.
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Temple, Chris. "Maximizing the Productive Use of Mobile Phone Technologies for the Public Good." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2012. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/463.
Full textAbstract:
The ability of the mobile phone to reach and connect people like no technology before it, coupled with its productive potential to benefit private industry, governments, and the poor, makes it an extremely powerful tool for economic development – a tool that is worth investing in.
Since their introduction, cell phones have demonstrated the ability to yield for the public good through improved information exchange and access to health care and financial services. In order to realize this potential, the private and public sectors must cooperate to improve regulations to encourage healthy competition and new capital investment while facilitating education in cell phone use.
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Valente, Marieta Alexandra Moreira Matos. "An experimental economics investigation into impure public good and pro-social behaviours." Thesis, Royal Holloway, University of London, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.530792.
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Hopper, Paul. "Towards the good life : why we need strategies for encouraging public-mindedness." Thesis, University of Sussex, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.285880.
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Akotia, Pino Timothy. "The management of public sector financial records : the implications for good government." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.286133.
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Alexander, Joy Charmaine. "Student teachers’ teaching of reading and their commitment to the public good." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/1980.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree
Doctor in Education
in the Faculty of Education and Social Sciences
at the Cape Peninsula University of Technology
2013This study investigated the intersection between student teachers’ perspectives of the teaching of reading and their public good commitment. It explored the activities and practices which they saw as supporting their teaching of reading and it investigated the student teachers’ professional capabilities for public good, which underpin their teaching of reading. The teacher education facets which shaped the formation of their professional capabilities were investigated. Furthermore, their societal experiences which shaped the formation of their public good commitment and values were explored. This study investigated novice professionals who were about to enter the teaching profession. The teacher, as public-good professional in South African society, who continues to struggle with the legacies of apartheid, was a key concept in this study. Student teachers were selected for this study because these legacies place teacher education at the centre stage of transformation in South Africa, particularly the ways in which student teachers navigate the complexities of inequality in their roles as reading teachers. The starting point of this study was the view that learning to read is a political issue. Learning to teach reading is a political issue which should be underpinned by public good commitment and values. A central argument of this thesis is that teacher education is well poised to form student teachers’ professional capabilities for public good which could underpin their teaching of reading towards shaping a better South African society when they enter the teaching force after their undergraduate studies. This was a small-scale study which used a mixed methods approach. Data was collected at the beginning and the end of the student teachers’ teacher education program. Qualitative data was generated from focus group interviews and from a participatory dialogue. Quantitative data was generated from a questionnaire. Ten student teachers participated in the focus group interviews and 35 student teachers participated in the participatory dialogue and questionnaire. Amartya Sen’s (1999) and Martha Nussbaum’s (2000) Human Development Capabilities approach structured this research theoretically. Walker and McLean’s (2010) Professional Capabilities Index provided the framework for discussing and reasoning about capabilities. This study revealed that the student teachers’ perspectives of their reading teaching included 13 reading teaching activities and 20 reading teaching practices which were underpinned by eight professional capabilities for public good. Three main teacher education facets were found to be influential in the formation of the student teachers’ professional capabilities for public good: Teaching Practice sessions in diverse schools, Teacher Education coursework and Other Experiences in the teacher education program. This study found that the student teachers’ lived experiences prior to their teacher education influenced their public good commitment and values. These included disconcerting experiences as learners, grim experiences in the community, activist experiences with community engagement, non-teaching career experiences and a personal desire to enable human development.
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Hendricks, Ebrahiem. "Towards Good Corporate Governance in South Africa: Private Enforcement versus Public Enforcement." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/4631.
Full textAbstract:
For the past six and half years a great deal of attention has been devoted to the reform of South African company law. The reform process commenced in September 2003, when the Department of Trade and Industry (DTI) initiated a reform programme that included a review of existing securities regulation and, of corporate structures and practices in the area of corporate governance. Subsequently, in March 2004 (and updated in June 2004) the DTI published a policy document on corporate law reform entitled 'South African Company Law for the 21st Century: Guidelines for Corporate Law Reform'. This policy paper explained that company law in South Africa would be reviewed and modernised. The objectives of the reform process were to align it with international trends and to accommodate the economic and legislative changes that have taken place in South Africa since the advent of democracy in 1994. The policy paper also explained that this reform process would occur in two stages. Firstly, urgent interim changes would be brought by the Corporate Law Amendment Act No 24 of 2006. The Act provided for, amongst others, assistance to acquire shares and greater protection of minority shareholders in respect of takeovers .The Act came into effect on 14 December 2007. Secondly, the new Companies Act will repeal and replace the entire Companies Act No 61 of 1973, when it becomes operational.
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Rouaix, Agathe. "Voluntary contributions to a public good and endowments redistribution : An experimental study." Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012MON10017/document.
Full textAbstract:
Les inégalités de revenu affectent-elles la fourniture des biens publics ? Warr a établi en1983 un théorème de neutralité : sous certaines conditions, une redistribution marginale des revenus entre agents n'affecte pas la quantité de bien public fournie par leurs contributions volontaires. Les généralisations de ce résultat par Bergstrom et al. (1986), ont permis de mieux comprendre ce phénomène : les redistributions neutres sont de " faible "amplitude de sorte que les agents dont le revenu a été amputé ont toujours la possibilité de maintenir leur dépense en biens privés, et les ajustements des contributions individuelles laissent inchangée la contribution agrégée au bien public. Itaya et al. (1997) se sont intéressés aux conséquences d'une redistribution non neutre sur le bien-être. Dans les deux premiers chapitres de cette thèse nous testons ces prédictions en laboratoire grâce à un jeu de bien public avec utilités quadratiques. Le premier chapitre considère une redistribution de " faible " amplitude qui ne devrait pas entrainer une modification de la quantité de bien public. En revanche dans le chapitre 2, la redistribution est d'une amplitude telle qu'elle affecte la quantité de bien public fournie et le bien-être de la société. Bien que nous retrouvions en laboratoire certaines prédictions théoriques, notamment au niveau de la modification ou non de la quantité de bien public produit et du bien-être, les prédictions concernant les comportements et les gains individuels sont rarement vérifiées. En particulier, nous observons que, suite à la modification de leur revenu, certains joueurs réduisent ou augmentent moins leur contribution que la théorie ne le prédit et que les agents pauvres sur-contribuent. Il semble enfin que l'émergence d'inégalités n'affecte pas de la même façon les comportements que lorsque ces inégalités préexistent et donc que le sens de la redistribution, selon qu'elle crée ou diminue les inégalités, importe. Dans le chapitre 3, nous étudions plus précisément une redistribution créatrice d'inégalités dans un jeu de bien public linéaire et nous regardons si les hommes et les femmes réagissent de la même façon à ce changement et quelles conséquences cela entraine sur la quantité de bien public fournie. Nous montrons que lorsque les femmes bénéficient de la redistribution,la quantité de bien public produit diminue. Il apparait aussi que les comportements sont modifiés lorsque les sujets connaissent le genre de ceux qui se sont enrichisDo income inequalities affect the provision of public goods? Warr established in 1983 a theorem of neutrality : under some conditions, a marginal redistribution of endowments among agents does not affect the amount of public good provided by their voluntary contributions. Generalizations of this result by Bergstrom et al. (1986), helped to better understand this phenomenon: neutral redistributions are those of "low" amplitude, so that agents whose income decreases can maintain their consumption of private goods, and adjustments of individual contributions leave unchanged the aggregate contribution to the public good. Itaya et al. (1997) have focused on the consequences of a non-neutral redistribution on welfare. In the first two chapters of this thesis we test these predictions in the laboratory using a public good game with quadratic utility functions. The first chapter considers a redistribution of a "low" amplitude that should not modify the amount of public good supplied. However in Chapter 2, we run a redistribution of a "high" magnitude so that it affects the amount of public good provided and the social welfare. Although some theoretical predictions are found in the laboratory, such as the modification or not of the amount of public good and of the welfare, predictions on individual behaviors and payoffs are rarely verified. In particular, we note that following a modification of their endowment, some subjects decrease or increase their contribution less than theory predicts and that poor agents over-contribute. It further appears that the emergence of inequalities does not affect behaviors in the same way than when these inequalities preexist and thus that the direction of the redistribution, depending on whether it creates or decreases inequalities, matters. In Chapter 3 we study more precisely a redistribution that creates inequalities in a linear public good game and we test wether men and women respond similarly to the modification of their endowment and what are the consequences on the supply of the public good. We show that when women become rich, the quantity of public good provided decreases. It also appears that behaviors are modified when the rich gender is common knowledge
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North, MacLaren. "Protecting the past for the public good archaeology and Australian heritage law /." Connect to full text, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/1602.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Sydney, 2007.Title from title screen (viewed 25 March 2008). Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy to the Dept. of Archaeology, Faculty of Arts. Degree awarded 2007; thesis originally submitted 2006, corrected version submitted 2007. Includes bibliographical references. Also available in print form.
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North, MacLaren Andrew. "Protecting the past for the public good: archaeology and Australian heritage law." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/1602.
Full textAbstract:
Archaeological remains have long been recognised as fragile evidence of the past, which require protection. Legal protection for archaeological heritage has existed in Australia for more than thirty years but there has been little analysis of the aims and effectiveness of that legislation by the archaeological profession. Much Australian heritage legislation was developed in a period where the dominant paradigm in archaeological theory and practice held that archaeology was an objective science. Australian legislative frameworks continue to strongly reflect this scientific paradigm and contemporary archaeological heritage management practice is in turn driven by these legislative requirements. This thesis examines whether archaeological heritage legislation is fulfilling its original intent. Analysis of legislative development in this thesis reveals that legislators viewed archaeological heritage as having a wide societal value, not solely or principally for the archaeological community. Archaeological heritage protection is considered within the broader philosophy of environmental conservation. As an environmental issue, it is suggested that a ‘public good’ conservation paradigm is closer to the original intent of archaeological heritage legislation, rather than the “scientific” paradigm which underlies much Australian legislation. Through investigation of the developmental history of Australian heritage legislation it is possible to observe how current practice has diverged from the original intent of the legislation, with New South Wales and Victoria serving as case studies. Further analysis is undertaken of the limited number of Australian court cases which have involved substantial archaeological issues to determine the court’s attitude to archaeological heritage protection. Situating archaeological heritage protective legislation within the field of environmental law allows the examination of alternate modes of protecting archaeological heritage and creates opportunities for ‘public good’ conservation outcomes. This shift of focus to ‘public good’ conservation as an alternative to narrowly-conceived scientific outcomes better aligns with current public policy directions including the sustainability principles, as they have developed in Australia, as well as indigenous rights of self-determination. The thesis suggests areas for legal reforms which direct future archaeological heritage management practice to consider the ‘public good’ values for archaeological heritage protection.
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Parrott, Deborah, and Reneé C. Lyons. "Uncommonly Good: Public Librarians and School Librarians Working Together For Common Core." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2016. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/2373.
Full textAbstract:
What do public librarians and school librarians have in common? We all want to serve our patrons as well as contribute to literacy and higher reading rates within our communities. Since the adoption of Common Core Standards in many states, users have called on librarians for assistance with information, resources and knowledge relating to these standards. Public librarians and school librarians can effectively collaborate to help each other reach their goals of user satisfaction and increased reading. Join this session to discover the fundamentals of Common Core and how we can help.
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Stjernschantz, Forsberg Joanna. "Biobank Research : Individual Rights and Public Benefit." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Centrum för forsknings- och bioetik, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-171898.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of this thesis is to investigate the relationship between individuals and society in the context of healthcare and medical research, more specifically concerning the rights and duties of individuals in regard to biobank-based research. My starting point is that we all have a strong vested interest in improved healthcare, and therefore the possibilities to conduct important research should be optimized. In the first article, I investigate whether individual results from research using samples in large-scale biobanks should be returned. I conclude that there is good reason not to implement such policies, and instead to allocate available resources to pursuing medical advances. In the second article, I compare consent for using stored samples in research with consent for organ donation, whereby many countries have adopted opt-out strategies in order to increase the number of organs available. I claim that the default position should be changed in biobank research as well, i.e. it should be presumed that individuals want to contribute rather than that they do not. In the third article, I argue that safeguarding autonomy by requiring informed consent for using samples in research not only defeats the interests of society but also runs counter to the interests of the individuals the policy purports to protect. Finally, in the fourth article I suggest that it is reasonable to view participation in medical research from the perspective of a social contract, built on our mutual need for medical advances, and that this implies that there is a moral duty to adhere to the contract by allowing one’s samples to be used in research. A central conclusion in this thesis is that biobank research should be viewed as a natural part of healthcare, like quality control, method development and teaching, and that as such, it ought to be endorsed and facilitated.
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Brown, Erin B. "Collaboration for the Common Good: Examining AmeriCorps Programs Sponsored by Institutions of Higher Education." VCU Scholars Compass, 2014. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/3593.
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The report, A Crucible Moment, published in 2012 by the National Task Force on Civic Learning and Democratic Engagement described a crisis in higher education surrounding the lack of civic learning and engagement opportunities for students. This crisis has led to decreased political participation and a general lack of knowledge in civics education (National Task Force on Civic Learning and Democratic Engagement, 2012). Educating students for citizenship in America’s colleges and universities will assist with sustaining the country’s democracy by engendering a sense of civic responsibility in young adults that will last throughout their lifetime. This qualitative case study examined the relationship between two institutions of higher education (IHEs) and AmeriCorps programs to determine how the partnerships operated and whether they addressed the recommendations for higher education cited in A Crucible Moment.
IHEs are using A Crucible Moment as a guiding document to think about civic learning and democratic engagement. While many are in the process of creating new initiatives and programs to address those issues, this study focuses on two existing programs that may provide a framework for strategically integrating civic engagement into higher education using a readily available government resource—AmeriCorps. With recent budget cuts impacting education, it is difficult for many IHEs to obtain additional funding to support initiatives directly related to student learning. As a result, finding resources to implement civic learning and democratic engagement opportunities that are often perceived as tangential to the education process is nearly impossible. AmeriCorps, now in its 20th year of implementation, has had a steady stream of funding and bipartisan support from the government over the years. IHEs that sponsor an AmeriCorps program have the potential to civically engage students and promote mutually beneficial community partnerships.
Using inteorganizational collaboration theory as a framework, I examined two different models of IHE-AmeriCorps partnerships. Based on the levels of collaboration, I was able to assess the degree to which these types of partnerships could be feasible at distinctly different IHEs given their organizational structure and resources. Although the findings of this research are not generalizable, they provide insights into how IHE-AmeriCorps partnerships operate and demonstrate that, in the cases examined, they do implement the key recommendations of A Crucible Moment. As a result, an IHE-AmeriCorps partnership could be an effective and relatively inexpensive way for an IHE to enhance their civic engagement opportunities.
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Mahlangu, Siyabonga Lunga. "A sense of place and belonging : creating good neighbourhoods through productive social infrastructure." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/60185.
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The township in the South African context is a unique consequence
of Apartheid spatial planning. Envisaged as settlements for black labourers
on the outskirts of the city, they have become home to many
South Africans. Mamelodi was established as an effectively designed
township for labourers working in Pretoria, and grew at an exponential
rate, leading to a sizeable demand for housing. A mass provision
of housing was implemented then and, post 1994 to meet this
demand. The same strategy of housing is still continuing through the
Reconstruction and Development Programme (RDP). This provision of
housing has not been complimented by a provision of public amenities
and has led to monotonous neighbourhoods filled with housing
and no public space.
The ever growing community of Lusaka, in the east of Mamelodi, is
a community with a landscape of housing without public amenities
and public spaces. This neighbourhood has large amounts of people
moving in and out, with some people seeing it as a place of permanence
and some as a temporary detour. This influx of people and
the duality of temporality and permanence creates a very dynamic
society, one that the current architecture cannot respond to. The new
architecture has to address the above mentioned issues, providing
the community with access to public amenities and public spaces
that add value to their environment. The solutions derived can be
discussed and used to address similar problems plaguing townships
around South Africa.Informele nedersettings in die Suid-Afrikaanse konteks is 'n unieke gevolg van Apartheid se ruimtelike beplanning. Oorspronklik in die vooruitsig gestel as nedersettings vir swart arbeiders het hulle 'n tuiste vir baie Suid-Afrikaners geword. Mamelodi was gestig as 'n effektief ontwerpde informele nedersetting vir arbeiders wat werk in Pretoria en het teen 'n eksponensi?le koers gegroei wat gelei het tot 'n groot aanvraag vir behuising. 'n Massa voorsiening van behuising was toe en n? 1994 ge?mplementeer om hierdie aanvraag te voorsien. Dieselfde strategie van behuising word steeds voortgesit deur die Reconstruction and Development Programme (RDP). Hierdie behuisingsvoorsiening was nog nie aangevul deur 'n voorsiening van openbare geriewe nie en het gelei tot eentonige woonbuurte wat gevul is met behuising en geen openbare ruimte. Die steeds groeiende gemeenskap van Lusaka, in die ooste van Mamelodi, is 'n gemeenskap met 'n landskap van behuising sonder openbare geriewe en openbare ruimtes. Hierdie woonbuurt het groot getalle mense wat in en uit beweeg, met sommige mense wat dit sien as 'n plek van blywendheid en ander as 'n tydelike ompad. Hierdie instroming van mense en die dualiteit van tydelikheid en blywendheid skep 'n baie dinamiese samelewing, een wat die huidiglike argitektuur nie op kan reageer nie. Die nuwe argitektuur moet die bogenoemde kwessies aanspreek om die gemeenskap toegang te bied tot openbare geriewe en openbare ruimtes wat waarde toevoeg tot hulle omgewing . Deur dit te doen kan die oplossings wat afgelei is bespreek en gebruik word om soortgelyke kwessies aan te spreek wat informele nedersettings regoor Suid-Afrika teister. Argitektuur is vir die mense
Mini Dissertation (MArch (Prof))--University of Pretoria, 2016.
Architecture
MArch (Prof)
Unrestricted
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Stemele, Bulumko Mollman. "Assessing good governance in procurement at the Lejweleputswa District Municipality." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/1880.
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Thesis (MPA (School of Public Management and Planning))--University of Stellenbosch, 2009.The thesis evaluates the extent to which good governance has influenced the procurement process at the Lejweleputswa District Municipality. Under good governance, the manner in which goods are procured or disposed of, is supposed to be unproblematic and conducted with the highest integrity, taking into account both the costs involved in the process and the benefits of the delivery of the services. Good governance should act as a “decontaminator or antiseptic in a germ infested area” (Cloete 2006:6–19). To extend the analogy further, this process of disinfecting the wound definitely requires some form of expertise and knowledge, as well as the participation of different role players, such as doctors and nurses; in addition, certain utensils to clean and cover the wound would be needed. In the same way, the procurement process needs experts to handle and enforce correct procedure. The values of good governance alone are meaningless unless there are people who are willing and have the capacity to manage the required processes and procedures. In South Africa, a new procurement process was adopted in the public sector in 1994. To date it has been interpreted and implemented in favour of historically disadvantaged individuals, like black people, women and disabled people through a legislative framework, the Preferential Procurement Policy Framework Act, 2000 (RSA, Act 5 of 2000) and the Broad Based Black Economic Empowerment Act, 2003 (RSA, Act 53 of 2003). It is crucial to point out, however, that the definitions given by these laws about black people differ or contradict each other. Challenges like this have turned the procurement process upside down. In an effort to attain uniformity in the procurement process in the local sphere of government, both National and Provincial Treasury Departments have instituted legislation and guidelines to steer the process. Despite all these efforts, municipalities are still associated with allegations of corruption and nepotism when awarding tenders to service providers. The Lejweleputswa District Municipality has not been spared from such accusations, as shown by the spate of riots that occurred in the Free State (Mail and Guardian 2007:6–12). This research has therefore been undertaken with the general objective of determining whether the values of good governance have managed to sustain a good procurement process in the municipality or whether the values are being ignored leading to procurement processes which do not fulfil the aims of the legislation and guidelines and remain open to allegations of corruption and maladministration. The specific objectives for the research were to investigate good governance in procurement in the municipality context and to make recommendations, if appropriate, on how to promote good governance in municipal procurement.
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Kimmet, Philip, and n/a. "The Politics of Good Governance in the Asean 4." Griffith University. Griffith Business School, 2005. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20060307.141018.
Full textAbstract:
'Good governance' is an evolving and increasingly influential discursive agenda that introduces new ideas about public policy, specifically targeting managerial behaviour and promoting modern administrative strategies. Most scholars agree that as a notion, good governance combines liberal democratic principles with a 'new public management' (NPM) approach to economic policy-making. What is less clear is who the agenda actually targets. In other words, is the good governance agenda aimed at rulers in particular or the broader population? Implicit in the answer is whether good governance concepts are simply useful tools to help build political credibility, or the agents for better managerial and administrative outcomes. In countries with advanced economies, good governance is invariably used to describe corporate and public administration strategies that invoke ethically grounded 'World's best practice' standards and procedures. However, in developing economies, good governance can take on quite different, and often unintended meanings. This thesis finds that in developing countries good governance is being expressed more as a political tool than as substantive practice and policy reform. This is occurring in an increasingly 'post-Washington consensus' environment that explicitly recognises the importance of the social impact of structural adjustment programs and broader issues of human rights. And importantly as far as this thesis is concerned, during Southeast Asia's current economic recovery, good governance has taken on a whole new relevance. This analysis commences from the assumption that good governance is a discursively created phenomenon that can be understood as a complex notion with both structural and ideational elements. The term is couched in a structure that is both economically technical and socially normative. It has overlapping central tenets driven by regulation and the institutional environment, and should not be viewed as a set of constructs in isolation from the context in which it is being used. And it is based on assumptions about common sense attitudes and shared common good objectives. And as this thesis will demonstrate, good governance functions within an unpredictable and often hostile political environment in which powerful actors are learning to use this new discourse to satisfy political expediencies. Put simply, good governance is nourishing a politics of its own. The thesis uses the ASEAN 4 countries of Southeast Asia: the Philippines, Thailand, Malaysia and Indonesia, as individual and comparative case studies. The studies examine how the concept is shaping the institutional structure of these countries, and includes commentary on the role of good governance in the 2004 round of election campaigning. A genealogy of good governance will be developed in these local contexts, and more generally. This will assist in mapping the concept's evolution in relation to development trajectories and local politics. The hypothesis under examination is - that the good governance agendas in the ASEAN 4 states primarily focus on improving representative rule rather than encouraging self-regulation. Two questions in particular are asked in each of the case studies dor the purpose of testing this hypothesis. What defining features of good governance discourse have been instrumental in the emergence of the politics that surrounds the agenda, and how is the discourse used to expand or limit the democratic possibilities theoretically inherent in good governance strategies and processes? These questions are important because they're designed to bring clarity to the intent of government and the role that the governed play in states where good governance is an increasingly important political issue. Good governance is more than merely a set of prescribed policies and practices. It is an agenda that reflects a specific set of 'neoliberal' ideas, predicated upon generally unarticulated assumptions about the universality of modern administrative practices supported by normative behavioural change. And it appears to privilege specific interests with potentially unjust implications for wider social formations. This assertion pivots on the finding that in various ways good governance discourages the advancement of open politics beyond nominal democratic procedures because it is theoretically grounded on governance principles that are not easily transferred to developing countries with diverging political, cultural and historical experience. Nevertheless, the attempt is underway. Ostensibly it is taking a form that is schooling targeted populations in what is 'good' and 'bad' in the economic interest of the nation. However, these efforts don't appear to be succeeding, at least not in the way the international architects of good governance intended. This thesis finds that this 'mentality' transformation project is clearly informed by Western experience. And this informs the theoretical approach of the thesis. Specifically, a 'governmentality' framework is used, largely because it has been developed out of analyses of rationalities of government in advanced liberal societies, in which the objectives of good governance are firmly grounded. And as this expanding research program has seldom been used to study government in developing countries, this thesis also puts a case for using governmentality tools beyond the boundaries of its modern Western foundations.
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Wiratraman, R. Herlambang Perdana Sriprapha Petcharamesree. "Good governance and legal reform in Indonesia /." Abstract, 2006. http://mulinet3.li.mahidol.ac.th/thesis/2549/cd392/4837954.pdf.
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Blake, Greyory. "Good Game." VCU Scholars Compass, 2018. https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/5377.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis and its corresponding art installation, Lessons from Ziggy, attempts to deconstruct the variables prevalent within several complex systems, analyze their transformations, and propose a methodology for reasserting the soap box within the display pedestal. In this text, there are several key and specific examples of the transformation of various signifiers (i.e. media-bred fear’s transformation into a political tactic of surveillance, contemporary freneticism’s transformation into complacency, and community’s transformation into nationalism as a state weapon). In this essay, all of these concepts are contextualized within the exponential growth of new technologies. That is to say, all of these semiotic developments must be framed within the post-Internet sphere.
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Kereki, László. "Applying the multiple public good model for establishing a security policy for Hungary. /." Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 1998. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA349559.
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Thesis (M.S. in International Resource Planning and Management) Naval Postgraduate School, June 1998."June 1998." Thesis advisor(s): Katsuaki L. Terasawa. Includes bibliographical references. Also available online.
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Nkuntse, Tulani. "Examining public participation as a contributor to good governance: a local government perspective." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/11854.
Full textAbstract:
This study undertook to examine public participation as a contributor to good governance in the Nelson Mandela Bay Municipality (NMBM), as part of the process of improving this Municipality’s governance. The main objectives of the study were to analyse the existing processes and arrangements for public participation in the NMBM; to examine the extent to which community participation influences decision-making; to investigate the factors that improve or lead to good governance in a municipal environment; to examine a framework for robust participation, in which communities are able to influence decisions that affect them; and to propose recommendations to potentially improve the Municipality’s governance. The triangulation research methodology was employed with emphasis on both the quantitative and qualitative methodologies. The sample comprised of two Ward Councillors, two selected Mayoral Committee members and 14 Ward Committee members. Questionnaires, with open and closed questions, were employed for the Ward Committee members and semi-structured interviews were conducted with both the Ward Councillors and the two Mayoral Committee members. Statistical procedures supplied by the NMMU Unit of Statistics were utilised to interpret and analyse the quantitative data to determine the results for data analysis. The qualitative data analysis involved thematic content analysis. The findings suggest that the current public participation processes are inadequate. The correlation of results further revealed that a significant negative relationship exists between the Ward Councillors, the Municipality and Ward Committee members. Despite various legislative prescriptions pertaining to public participation requirements in local government, the results suggest that the NMBM may be undertaking the public participation exercise for the sake of compliance and therefore it might not be a genuine exercise. The thesis proposes specific recommendations on how the NMBM can address the current shortcomings in terms of its public participation processes and strategies. Recommendations include significant civic education for the public to understand that being in a democratic country involves active participation in local affairs; more participatory initiatives need to be done to make the public aware of the role of Ward Committees and to invite people to apply to be on these Committees; recommendations also suggested that it would be crucial that Ward Committees are not used as a political platform to push political agendas, as this deters public participation. The NMBM needs to establish a monitoring and evaluation process to track their progress with public participation and develop and implement a public participation strategy and policy for enhanced public participation is also proposed in the thesis.