Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Public China Kwangtung Province'

Since the late 1990s, local governments in China have been relying heavily on land, which is a state-owned asset in urban area, to generate a significant amount of extra-budgetary revenue. Whilst this striking phenomenon has attracted numerous academic attentions, not many literatures shed the light on the process of central-local interactions. Adopting the procedural approach, this study examines the central-local fiscal and policy relations in the context of land finance. Taking the evidence from Guangdong province, this study understands the central-local relations as a process of policy interactions. After the central’s attempt to recentralize the fiscal resources of local governments in the mid-1990s, localities have been facing fiscal stress, which led them to rely heavily on land conveyance income, an extra-budgetary revenue in order to complement the fiscal shortage in budgetary account. However, a series of socioeconomic consequences of local fervent land development have attracted frequent central interventions. The most noticeable example is the housing macro-regulations introduced in light of the soaring housing prices. The example of the housing macro-regulations rejected the classic centrist model of the central-local relations in China, which implies a zero-sum game. On the contrary, in face of an issue influencing the conflicting core interests of both actors, both the powers of central and local governments were intensified to the extent that no one single actor will totally win over another. The powers of the central and local governments were also mutually transformed in the course of the game. It is argued that local governments display a sense of resistance against the central interventions as they have strong interests in land and real estate industry after tax sharing reform. On the other hand, it is unlikely for the central government to give concession to local governments as the failure to alleviate the consequences of land finance may cause public discontent and even political crises. The possible outcome is either a “win-win” situation or loss for both actors. To avoid a negative-sum outcome, collaboration and compromise are recommended. The centre is urged to address the root problem of misalignment of revenue and expenditure and to institutionalize the relationship between the centre and subnational governments.
published_or_final_version
China Development Studies
Master
Master of Arts in China Development Studies

Background: Knowledge about tuberculosis (TB) is important for TB control, and China's national TB control guidelines emphasise TB health promotion. A 2010 national TB epidemiology survey showed that the general public had limited knowledge and awareness of TB. Objective: To assess the level of TB knowledge after 5 years of TB health promotion in Guizhou Province, one of the regions with the highest TB burden in China. Design and setting: A community-based, cross-sectional survey of 10 237 residents of Guizhou Province from June to August 2015. Multiple logistic regression models were used to examine factors associated with core TB knowledge and TB health education among respondents. Results: Overall, residents of Guizhou Province had inadequate knowledge of TB. The overall awareness of TB was 41.5%. Less than 30% of respondents were familiar with China's policy of free treatment for TB or knew that the disease could be cured. Factors associated with core TB knowledge included gender, age, ethnicity, education, occupation, region, and having received TB health education. Women, older adults, people employed in non-government institutions, and those living in counties with low TB burdens had little access to TB health education, whereas people with higher education levels had greater access. Respondents' sources of TB knowledge did not necessarily match their preferred channels for delivery of TB health education. Conclusions: Our findings indicate that TB health education should be further strengthened in China and other countries with a high TB burden. TB health education programmes require further formative and implementation research in order to improve programme effectiveness.

An important component of the New Public Management, which has spread through many countries in the world, is the emergence of hybrid governance, a structure which has replaced traditional hierarchical governance in many parts of the public sector. Hybrid governance lies between hierarchical governance and market governance, yet beyond this there is a relative lack of information on how hybrid governance works in detail. This thesis uses principal agent theory to examine the structure and form of hybrid governance. In particular, the analysis presented allows the construction of a three-dimensional governance model to explore the issue of how hybrid governance works in the context of incentives, a relatively neglected area of the public management literature. Applying the theory developed in its first half to the rapid change of higher education in China, this thesis demonstrates how hybrid governance can be analysed through an incentive approach which focuses on reducing state authority, enhancing academic power and creating market rewards. The research findings show that the Chinese government has employed these three incentive methods to motivate universities and their staff towards improved performance, and that hybrid governance has replaced traditional hierarchical governance in Chinese higher education, however the effect of changing governance structure is not significant. A reducing, but still high degree of centralised state control has restricted the incentives produced from market rewards and university academics, and the imbalance of the three incentive forces in hybrid governance impairs the further improvement of the efficiency of public service provision. The main contributions of this thesis, therefore, are to give a better understanding of the nature of hybrid governance, and to expose the limit of Chinese higher education reforms.

This thesis presents an interpretative study of an Australian offshore education program in educational leadership conducted at Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province in China from 2002 to 2003. It is a study of the influence of international education on the conceptions of the participants in a particular context, where Chinese culture and Western cultures came into contact. The study is significant because it investigated a relatively new aspect of international education, offshore education, this time from the perspective of the participants. It explored the conceptions of learning and leadership brought by a group of Chinese educational leaders to the course and investigated the perceived influence of the course upon their conceptions and self-reported leadership practice. It employed a culturally sensitive approach which recognizes that a complex interaction between Chinese and Western cultures is occurring in the participants of this study. This interpretative study was inspired by the phenomenographic approach. Phenomenography is an approach to research that has been used to help understand the key aspects of the variations in the experiences of groups of people (Marton & Booth, 1997). The study examined the experiences and understandings about learning and leadership of Chinese leaders in an offshore program, a Master of Educational Leadership. The program was delivered in a flexible mode in three intensive teaching brackets of six subjects. The study employed a semi-structured and in-depth interview technique. Twenty participants were interviewed twice over a 12-month period. The study sought a better understanding of their conceptions by making a comparison between their perceptions prior to and after undertaking the course. Participants were from schools, universities and educational departments. Potential differences across the three sectors were also considered in the analysis. The findings showed that most participants developed more complex understandings of learning and leadership throughout the course. Comparison of conceptions prior to and after the course indicated an expanded range of conceptions. There was reportedly a movement towards more complex and diversified perspectives. Prior to the course, participants reported comparatively traditional conceptions of learning and leadership in quite a limited range. Learning experience and exposure to Western educational ideas and practices seems to have led participants to reflect on their inherited assumptions and to expand their conceptions. They generally increased their awareness of key aspects of variations in learning and leadership. This study identified a general shift from content/utilitarian-oriented learning conceptions to meaning/developmental-oriented conceptions after undertaking the course. There was also a shift from task/directiveorientated conceptions about leadership to motivation/collaborative-oriented leadership conceptions. Many participants reported that they expanded their leadership practice after the course. The findings also revealed some differences regarding conceptual and practice changes across the three sectors. The study contributes to understanding of learning and leadership in an international education context. The learning and leadership conceptions and self-reported practices are context and culture dependent. The study illustrates the tensions between different cultural forces in the process of teaching and learning. The methodology which explores the subjective understandings of participants renders more complex understandings of intercultural processes than cross-cultural comparisons which have been predominant in the educational leadership field in the past. The results highlight the need for appreciation of local contexts in designing international programs. The discussion questions the universal applicability and transferability of Western ideas, and also highlights the importance of critical reflection and adaptation on the part of educational practitioners from non-Western cultures. It highlights the potential for growth of change in both providers and recipients of international education as a result of very different cultures and traditions coming into contact. Intercultural dialogue and integration of educational ideas and practices are likely to come about when East meets West in an open and reflective dialogue.

Central Asia has been the focal point of intense geopolitical power struggle throughout history. At the dawn of the 21st century, Central Asia has undergone major changes as the European Union and the China-led Shanghai Co-operation Organization have emerged as two normative powers, both seeking to influence the patterns of security governance in the region. This study aims to delve deep into ‘the black boxes’ of the EU’s and China’s foreign policies toward five CA republics. It starts from the premise that the bulk of research on Eurasian politics tend to concentrate mostly on realist and traditional geopolitical doctrine, which seem to have failed to properly explain the normative and ideational transformations that have taken place in the region as a result of the presence of these two emerging normative agents. By interweaving both realist and constructivist theories of International Relations (IR) into a new all-encompassing analytical framework, termed “meta-geopolitics”, the thesis seeks to trace and examine how geopolitical as well as normative components of the EU and Chinese regional strategies have affected the contemporary power dynamics in the post-Soviet space. I argue that, in contrast to the geopolitical struggle during the 19th and 20th centuries, a clash of normative powers is brewing in the region between China, under the aegis of the SCO, and the EU. The research also concludes that China has relatively been in a better position in comparison to the EU to render its policies as feasible, effective and legitimate to the Central Asian states.

梁家麟.
手稿本.
Thesis (Ph.D)--香港中文大學硏究院中國文化硏究學部.
Shou gao ben.
Includes bibliographical references (v. 3, leaves 999-1077).
Liang Jialin.
Thesis (Ph.D)--Xianggang Zhong wen da xue yan jiu yuan Zhongguo wen hua yan jiu xue bu.
前言 --- p.1
Chapter 第一章 --- 初叩一口通商之門(一八○七至一八三九) --- p.16
Chapter 第二章 --- 突破通商口岸(一八四二至一八六○) --- p.65
Chapter 第三章 --- 傳教教育的奠立 --- p.94
Chapter 第四章 --- 傳教解除與全省開放(一八六○至一八九九) --- p.129
Chapter 第五章 --- 高等化與系統化 --- p.211
Chapter 第六章 --- 飛躍的時代(一九○○至一九二○) --- p.249
Chapter 第七章 --- 傳教教育與中國社會變遷 --- p.342
Chapter 第八章 --- 民族怒潮的撼擊（一九二○至一九二七） --- p.420
Chapter 第九章 --- 從傳教教育到基督教教育(一九二七至一九三六) --- p.519
Chapter 第十章 --- 在政治劇變中結束(一九三七至一九五三) --- p.631
Chapter 第十一章 --- 結論 ─ 建立一個基督教教育的全面解說 --- p.712
注釋 --- p.732
參考書目 --- p.999

Duan, Haiyan.
Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2009.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 79-83).
Abstracts also in Chinese.
LIST OF FIGURES --- p.vi
LIST OF TABLES --- p.vii
Chapter Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1
Chapter 1.1 --- Research Question --- p.1
Chapter 1.2 --- Approach and Methods --- p.4
Chapter 1.3 --- Structure of the Thesis --- p.7
Chapter Chapter 2 --- Literature Review --- p.8
Chapter 2.1 --- Provision of Public Goods as a Governmental Function --- p.8
Chapter 2.2 --- The Design and Practice of Fiscal Transfer --- p.11
Chapter Chapter 3 --- China´ةs Fiscal Institution --- p.20
Chapter 3.1 --- "The Drop of “Two Ratios"", and 1994 Fiscal Reform" --- p.20
Chapter 3.2 --- Post-1994 System and the Intergovernmental Fiscal Relation --- p.23
Chapter 3.3 --- The Finance of Public Goods Provision --- p.37
Chapter 3.4 --- Fiscal Institution below Province --- p.45
Chapter Chapter 4 --- The Impact of Fiscal Transfer on Public Goods Provision: Cross-county Analysis of Shanxi --- p.52
Chapter 4.1 --- The Equalization Effect of Fiscal Transfer --- p.54
Chapter 4.2 --- The Impact of Fiscal Transfer on County Governments´ة Preference of Expenditure --- p.58
Chapter Chapter 5 --- Conclusion --- p.75
REFRENCES --- p.79

JEL: I11, I18, M1, M54
Hospital consolidation is an important topic both in theoretical research and practical exploration in the healthcare sector as it allows for the improvement of the utilization efficiency of medical resources and for the optimization of cost reduction. Based on the strategic management theory, especially the resource-based theory, this thesis makes an in-depth analysis of the strategic choices of the First People‘s Hospital group of Hefei City, Anhui Province, China. Combining with the process of China‘s health system reform, the motivating factors of establishing hospital groups, the basic concept of hospital groups and modes are reviewed while the reasons and background for public hospitals consolidation in China are introduced. Under this setting, the thesis studies the motivations behind strategic choices and incentives towards consolidation as well as the environment and the strengths and weaknesses of the internal resources of the hospital. Based on the case study method, 25 semi-structured interviews to 25 experts and participants and field visits were conducted for data collection. The research shows that the consolidation strategy followed by the hospital allows for its sustainable development. However, in identical situations, for positive results to be achieved, a core member of the group should be selected to lead the consolidation process during the transition period and to balance the relationship between centralization and decentralization while respecting each specific situation The analysis of the strategic consolidation of the hospital studied allowed for the identification of difficulties and challenges, which may serve as a theoretical base for the practice of other organizations undergoing a similar process
A consolidação de unidades hospitalares é um tópico de investigação importante para a teoria e para a prática, pois permite reorganizar os recursos médicos através da sua utilização eficiente e da optimização da redução de custos. Com base na teoria da gestão estratégica e em especial na teoria dos recursos, esta tese analisa em profundidade as escolhas estratégicas com que se debateu um grupo hospitalar da cidade de Hefei, província de Anhui na China: o First People‘s Hospital Group. Tendo como base o processo de reforma do sistema de saúde na China, a tese estuda as motivações inerentes à tomada de decisão, bem como os incentivos à consolidação. São analisados os pontos fortes e fracos do hospital, os seus recursos principais e a envolvente procurando-se entender as escolhas estratégicas que levaram à consolidação. A tese utiliza o método do estudo de caso tendo sido realizadas 25 entrevistas semiestruturadas a peritos e participantes no processo bem como diversas visitas que permitiram observação direta. A investigação demonstra que a estratégia de consolidação permite assegurar o desenvolvimento sustentado do hospital mas, para isso, a melhor opção é escolher um dos membros do grupo para assumir um papel de liderança durante o período de transição e cuidar do equilíbrio da relação entre centralização e descentralização sem descurar a especificidade da situação local. A análise da consolidação estratégica do hospital estudado permitiu ainda identificar as dificuldades do processo contribuindo com uma base teórica que poderá ser útil ao desenvolvimento de outras organizações em idêntica situação.

JEL: M54; M12
Chinese public hospitals have been plagued by insufficient investment from government and by the need to generate enough revenue to guarantee their survival and development needs, which requires hospitals to strengthen their core competences and gain competitive advantage. This depends not only on the technical level and service ability of medical staff, but mainly on their talented senior professionals who are specialists in various subjects. Their achievements determine the clinical level of a hospital and represent its technical and scientific advantage thus guaranteeing the hospital quality and attraction. However these professionals are scarce resources in high demand by the huge medical market and competing hospitals in China. In these circumstances, how to improve job satisfaction and develop affective commitment so as to retain these highly demanded senior professionals is a human resource management problem worthy of study and it is the topic of this thesis. For this research 33 representative hospitals (Third level Class-A hospitals) in the largest cities of Guangdong province were selected and 1,500 questionnaires were distributed among senior professionals according to specific criteria. Finally, 508 responses have been considered valid and data were processed. Results show that, in this sample, (i) there is no correlation between job satisfaction and turnover intention; (ii) there is a negative correlation between affective commitment and turnover intention; (iii) there is a positive correlation between job satisfaction and affective commitment; and (iv) affective commitment is a mediator through which job satisfaction affects the turnover intention of the senior professionals surveyed. The research also found that the size of the hospital, job tenure and job position are valid predictors of turnover intention. According to the research results, the thesis puts forward suggestions on improving the management of senior professionals in public hospitals and sheds light for future studies.
Os hospitais públicos na China têm vindo a ser afetados por um investimento governamental insuficiente. Forçados a gerar receitas próprias para garantir a sua sobrevivência e desenvolvimento, muitos hospitais têm procurado reforçar as suas competências chave como forma de obter vantagens competitivas. Para tal, o nível técnico e as capacidades do seu pessoal médico e, em particular, dos profissionais especializados em várias disciplinas são fatores fundamentais pois os seus êxitos determinam o nível clínico e científico do hospital, a sua qualidade e atratividade. Estes profissionais são porém recursos escassos e objeto de uma grande procura devido à enorme dimensão do mercado e ao elevado número de hospitais existentes na China. Nestas circunstâncias, como melhorar o seu nível de satisfação, desenvolver o seu compromisso afetivo para com a organização e aumentar a sua retenção é um assunto de grande interesse para a gestão e é este precisamente o tema desta tese. Para este estudo selecionaram-se 33 hospitais de nível 3A nas principais cidades da província de Cantão tendo sido distribuídos 1.500 questionários aos profissionais com as características requeridas. Destes foram consideradas válidas 508 respostas que foram objeto de tratamento estatístico. Os resultados desta amostra revelam que (i) nãoexiste correlaçãodireta entre a satisfação no trabalho e a intenção de deixar a organização; (ii) existe uma correlação negativa entre o compromisso afetivo para com a organização e a intenção de a deixar; (iii) existe uma correlação positiva entre a satisfação no trabalho e o compromisso afetivo; e (iv) o compromisso afetivo é uma variável mediadora através da qual a satisfação no trabalho afeta a intenção de rotatividade por parte dos profissionais inquiridos. Os resultados mostram também que a dimensão do hospital e a posição ocupada pelos respondentes influenciam significativamente a intenção de rotatividade. Com base nos resultados da investigação, a tese apresenta sugestões sobre a forma de gestão destes profissionais especializados bem como sobre investigação futura.