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Journal articles on the topic 'Public charter school'
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1
Sass, Tim R. "Charter Schools and Student Achievement in Florida." Education Finance and Policy 1, no. 1 (March 2006): 91–122. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/edfp.2006.1.1.91.
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I utilize longitudinal data covering all public school students in Florida to study the performance of charter schools and their competitive impact on traditional public schools. Controlling for student-level fixed effects, I find achievement initially is lower in charters. However, by their fifth year of operation new charter schools reach a par with the average traditional public school in math and produce higher reading achievement scores than their traditional public school counterparts. Among charters, those targeting at-risk and special education students demonstrate lower student achievement, while charter schools managed by for-profit entities peform no differently on average than charters run by nonprofits. Controlling for preexisting traditional public school quality, competition from charter schools is associated with modest increases in math scores and unchanged reading scores in nearby traditional public schools.
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Sahin, Alpaslan, Victor Willson, and Robert M. Capraro. "Charter School Achievements in Texas: Public versus Charter Schools." International Journal of Educational Reform 27, no. 1 (January 2018): 46–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/105678791802700103.
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This study aimed to investigate the performance of a charter school network, Harmony Public Schools (HPS), in a 3-year longitudinal student-level research study of high school mathematics, reading, and science performance using 2009–2011 Texas Assessment of Knowledge and Skill student data. Propensity-score-matched public (N = 19) and Harmony (N = 11) schools' performances were compared. We conducted a two-level multivariate analysis of covariance on binary outcomes (pass–no pass) for grades 9–11. HPS performed significantly better at grade 9 and worse at grade 11, with no statistical differences at grade 10 in mathematics. Type of school was not significant at either grade 9 or 10 for reading. For science performances, Harmony charter schools performed better at 10th grade and significantly better at 11th grade. Implications of the findings were discussed as to whether charter schools keep their promises of providing quality education.
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Frankenberg, Erica, Genevieve Siegel-Hawley, and Jia Wang. "Choice without Equity: Charter School Segregation." education policy analysis archives 19 (January 10, 2011): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.14507/epaa.v19n1.2011.
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The political popularity of charter schools is unmistakable. This article explores the relationship between charter schools and segregation across the country, in 40 states, the District of Columbia, and several dozen metropolitan areas with large enrollments of charter school students in 2007-08. The descriptive analysis of the charter school enrollment is aimed at understanding the enrollment and characteristics of charter school students and the extent to which charter school students are segregated, including how charter school segregation compare to students in traditional public schools. This article examines these questions at different levels, aggregating school-level enrollment to explore patterns among metropolitan areas, states, and the nation using three national datasets. Our findings suggest that charters currently isolate students by race and class. This analysis of recent data finds that charter schools are more racially isolated than traditional public schools in virtually every state and large metropolitan area in the nation. In some regions, white students are over-represented in charter schools while in other charter schools, minority students have little exposure to white students. Data about the extent to which charter schools serve low-income and English learner students is incomplete, but suggest that a substantial share of charter schools may not enroll such students. As charters represent an increasing share of our public schools, they influence the level of segregation experienced by all of our nation’s school children. After two decades, the promise of charter schools to use choice to foster integration and equality in American education has not yet been realized.
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Angrist, Joshua D., Parag A. Pathak, and Christopher R. Walters. "Explaining Charter School Effectiveness." American Economic Journal: Applied Economics 5, no. 4 (October 1, 2013): 1–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/app.5.4.1.
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Lottery estimates suggest Massachusetts' urban charter schools boost achievement well beyond that of traditional urban public schools students, while nonurban charters reduce achievement from a higher baseline. The fact that urban charters are most effective for poor nonwhites and low-baseline achievers contributes to, but does not fully explain, these differences. We therefore link school-level charter impacts to school inputs and practices. The relative efficacy of urban lottery sample charters is accounted for by these schools' embrace of the No Excuses approach to urban education. In our Massachusetts sample, Non-No-Excuses urban charters are no more effective than nonurban charters. (JEL H75, I21, I28)
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Wronowski, Meredith L. "Beacon Charter School Needs a School: A Case of Capital Outlay of Charters in a Public District." Journal of Cases in Educational Leadership 20, no. 3 (July 26, 2017): 56–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1555458917701525.
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The case study presented below is a representation of a real-world, ongoing situation involving a public school district’s capital outlay for charter schools within its boundaries. One particular charter, Beacon Charter School, was promised a permanent building by the public school district that also acts as its authorizer. However, recent events have created a statewide revenue failure which has, in return, caused a dramatic decrease in the school district’s available funds. The school district leadership must decide whether they can still provide school facilities to Beacon Charter School. To complicate matters, the political climate surrounding the district’s 12 charter schools has become increasingly contentious. This case study provides ample material for discussion as well as suggests guiding questions and activities.
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Knight, David S., and Laurence A. Toenjes. "Do charter schools receive their fair share of funding? School finance equity for charter and traditional public schools." education policy analysis archives 28 (March 30, 2020): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.14507/epaa.28.4438.
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U.S. charter schools are publicly funded through state school finance formulas that often mirror the traditional public school finance systems. While charter school advocates and critics disagree over whether charters receive an equitable share of funding, few discussions are based on rigorous analyses of funding and expenditures. Most prior analyses, especially those presented in policy briefs or white papers, examine average funding differences without exploring underlying cost factors between the two sectors. Our purpose is to demonstrate how careful analysis of charter school funding with appropriate methodological approaches can shed light on disagreements about charter school finance policy. Using detailed school finance data from Texas as a case study, we find that after accounting for differences in accounting structures and cost factors, charter schools receive significantly more state and local funding compared to traditional public schools with similar structural characteristics and student demographics. However, many small charter schools are actually underfunded relative to their traditional public school counterparts. Policy simulations demonstrate that on average, each student who transfers to a charter school increases the cost to the state by $1,500. We discuss the implications of these findings for both school finance policy in Texas and nationally.
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Ladd, Helen F., and John D. Singleton. "The Fiscal Externalities of Charter Schools: Evidence from North Carolina." Education Finance and Policy 15, no. 1 (January 2020): 191–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/edfp_a_00272.
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A significant criticism of the charter school movement is that funding for charter schools diverts money away from traditional public schools. The magnitude of such adverse fiscal externalities depends in part on the nature of state and local funding policies. In this paper, we examine the fiscal effects of charter schools on both urban and nonurban school districts in North Carolina. We base our analysis on detailed balance sheet information for a sample of school districts that experienced substantial charter growth since the statewide cap on charters was raised in 2011. We find a large and negative fiscal impact in excess of $500 per traditional public school pupil in our one urban school district, which translates into an average fiscal cost of about $3,600 for each student enrolled in charter schools. We estimate comparable to somewhat larger fiscal externalities per charter school pupil for two nonurban districts.
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Ausbrooks, Carrie Y. Barron, Edith J. Barrett, and Theresa Daniel. "Texas charter school legislation and the evolution of open-enrollment charter schools." education policy analysis archives 13 (March 21, 2005): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.14507/epaa.v13n21.2005.
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This article chronicles the evolution of legislation for Texas open-enrollment charter schools to their implementation by demonstrating how these schools have (or have not) used their freedom from state-mandated requirements to develop innovative learning environments as well as to bring innovative curricula into the classroom. The investigative focus was on an analysis of Texas open-enrollment charter school legislation, from 1995 (74th legislative session) to the 77th legislative session in 2001, and the characteristics of the state's 159 open-enrollment charter schools that were in operation during the 2001-2002 academic year. The authors found that charter school legislation has changed in response to concerns of all involved, and focuses on the need for balance between choice, innovation, and public accountability. Although charter schools are free from most state regulations, legislators were clearly interested in ensuring that this freedom does not impede charter schools' ability to provide a quality education to all students who attend them. The currently operating open-enrollment charter schools in Texas are more racially and economically segregated than other public schools in the state, and charter schools that targeted students most at risk for dropping out of school (and returning students who had previously dropped out) differ from other schools in their stated teaching methods. Teacher turnover remains significantly greater than that for other public schools in the state. However, it does not appear to be specifically associated with schools that target disadvantaged students or minority students. The schools' mission statements suggest that innovative school environments are a factor in school design. Texas is poised to continue along the public education choice model. Charter school legislation provides a framework upon which charter schools may build to meet the educational needs of the students who choose to attend them, including the freedom to be creative in meeting students' unique needs. Questions remain about how and why charter schools exist and the contributions they make to the overall public school system, including whether charters are making a difference in what and how much children are learning.
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Hentges, Dr Julie, and Dr Doug D. Thomas. "University Involvement with Charter Schools: Unique Opportunities for Service and Support." Journal of Arts and Humanities 6, no. 6 (June 26, 2017): 74. http://dx.doi.org/10.18533/journal.v6i6.1210.
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<p>Charter schools are a controversial, but vibrant, component of the current educational landscape, now serving over 3.1 million students in approximately 6900 schools across the United States. A unique aspect of this movement has been the establishment of alternative authorizers, and specifically universities, to approve and provide oversight to these public schools. Campus leaders and policy makers must consider numerous variables regarding a university’s involvement with charter schools. What are the implications of school choice on university policies and practices? Should universities be “authorizers”, granting charters to schools in direct competition with the traditional public school system? Can universities provide the required “oversight” mandated by the charter school laws, as well as providing “support” for the schools? What opportunities for partnerships and practicum experiences exist? The article provides an overview of issues that arise with public charter schools authorized by universities. With 18 years of experiences as a public university on the forefront of enabling charter legislation and the “sponsorship” of inner-city public charter schools, the authors provide a historical perspective of the role of universities within the school choice movement, including oversight roles and supportive programs within the unique and growing phenomenon of school choice. </p>
10
Kim, Paul, Flora Hisook Kim, and Arafeh Karimi. "Public Online Charter School Students." American Educational Research Journal 49, no. 3 (June 2012): 521–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3102/0002831212443078.
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Gilraine, Michael, Uros Petronijevic, and John D. Singleton. "Horizontal Differentiation and the Policy Effect of Charter Schools." American Economic Journal: Economic Policy 13, no. 3 (August 1, 2021): 239–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/pol.20200531.
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While school choice may enhance competition, incentives for public schools to raise productivity may be muted if public education is imperfectly substitutable with alternatives. This paper estimates the aggregate effect of charter school expansion on education quality while accounting for the horizontal differentiation of charter programs. Our research design leverages variation following the removal of North Carolina’s statewide cap to compare test score changes for students who lived near entering charters to those farther away. We find learning gains that are driven by public schools responding to increased competition from non-horizontally differentiated charter schools, even before those charters actually open. (JEL H75, I21, I28)
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Cannata, Marisa, and Mimi Engel. "Does Charter Status Determine Preferences? Comparing the Hiring Preferences of Charter and Traditional Public School Principals." Education Finance and Policy 7, no. 4 (October 2012): 455–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/edfp_a_00076.
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The academic success of any school depends on its teachers. However, relatively little research exists on the qualities principals value in teacher hiring, and we know almost nothing about charter school principals’ preferences. This article addresses this gap in the literature using survey results for a matched sample of charter and traditional public school principals. We compare regression-adjusted survey responses of charter and traditional public school principals to examine whether charter school principals report placing more emphasis on teacher hiring than principals in traditional public schools and whether principals’ preferences for teacher qualifications and characteristics vary between charter and traditional public schools. While we find some mean differences in principals’ reported hiring focus and preferences across charter and traditional public schools, regression results indicate that these differences are driven not by charter status but by school characteristics, such as average teacher experience and school enrollment.
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Renzulli, Linda A. "Entrepreneurial Ambitions in the Public Sector." education policy analysis archives 10 (April 10, 2002): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.14507/epaa.v10n19.2002.
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In this article, I study charter schools as social innovations within the population of established public educational institutions. I begin by briefly outlining the history of public schools in the United States. Organizational theories are applied to explain the perpetuation of the structure of public schools since World War II. Next, I delineate the characteristics of educational reform movements in the United States by focusing on the charter school movement. Then, I use an evolutionary approach to study the environmental characteristics that drive the perceived need for innovation and the promotion of experimentation. Using data compiled from the North Carolina Department of Public Instruction, the Census Bureau, and North Carolina State Data Center, I examine the characteristics of the local environment that promotes the submission of charter school applications in North Carolina over a three-year period, 1996-1998. It is shown that school districts in need of school choice do have a higher mean charter school submission rate. Also, some community characteristics and available resources are important for the initial stage of charter school formation.
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Linick, Matthew Allen. "Examining charter school policy and public school district resource allocation in Ohio." education policy analysis archives 24 (February 15, 2016): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.14507/epaa.24.2178.
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This project focuses on the competitive pressure, or the threat of competitive pressure, generated by charter school policy. This paper uses longitudinal district-level data and multiple quasi-experimental designs to examine the relationship between two Ohio charter school policies and changes in public school district instructional resource allocation. Some believe that the competitive pressure created by charter schools will improve efficiency in district-run public schools; however, the findings from this study do not reliably demonstrate that charter school policy will induce a public school district to increase the level of instructional resource allocation. The findings do provide evidence that some charter policies are linked to changes in resource allocation at certain school districts. This study suggests that additional, multiple method investigations are needed to study how public school districts respond to competition and policies designed to change the levels of competition in the public school system.
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Geske, Terry G., Douglas R. Davis, and Patricia L. Hingle. "Charter Schools: A Viable Public School Choice Option?" Economics of Education Review 16, no. 1 (February 1997): 15–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0272-7757(96)00039-8.
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Cannata, Marisa. "Teacher community in elementary charter schools." education policy analysis archives 15 (May 15, 2007): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.14507/epaa.v15n11.2007.
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The organizational context of charter schools may facilitate the formation of a strong teacher community. In particular, a focused school mission and increased control over teacher hiring may lead to stronger teacher professional communities. This paper uses the 1999-2000 Schools and Staffing Survey to compare the level of teacher community in charter public and traditional public schools. It also estimates the effect of various charter policy variables and domains of school autonomy on teacher community. Charter school teachers report higher levels of teacher community than traditional public school teachers do, although this effect is less than one-tenth of a standard deviation and is dwarfed by the effect of a supportive principal, teacher decision-making influence, and school size. Charter public schools authorized by universities showed lower levels of teacher community than those authorized by local school districts. Teachers in charter schools that have flexibility over tenure requirements and the school budget report higher levels of teacher community. This study reveals that charter schools do facilitate the formation of strong teacher communities, although the effect is small. The analysis also suggests that the institutional origin of the charter school and specific areas of policy flexibility may influence teacher community.
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Marcotte, Dave E., and Kari Dalane. "Socioeconomic Segregation and School Choice in American Public Schools." Educational Researcher 48, no. 8 (October 23, 2019): 493–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.3102/0013189x19879714.
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We examine the effect of the expansion of charter schools on socioeconomic segregation in American public education. Using a district-level panel data set from 1998 to 2015, we describe and model changes in within-district segregation of low-income students, proxied by free-lunch eligibility (FLE). We show that the segregation of FLE students from non-FLE students increased by about 15% in large school districts and find that charter school penetration and growth played a role in increasing socioeconomic segregation within districts. We estimate that a one standard deviation increase in charter enrollment rates increases the dissimilarity index in a district by 6% of a standard deviation. Although this impact is modest, we do find that segregation is more pervasive in the charter sector. So, continued growth of charter schools could exacerbate socioeconomic segregation.
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Roch, Christine H., and Na Sai. "Charter School Teacher Job Satisfaction." Educational Policy 31, no. 7 (January 10, 2016): 951–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0895904815625281.
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We examine whether working conditions in charter schools and traditional public schools lead to different levels of job satisfaction among teachers. We distinguish among charter schools managed by for-profit education management organizations (EMOs) and non-profit charter management organizations (CMOs) and stand-alone charter schools. We investigate our research question using data from the School and Staffing Survey. We find that teachers in charter schools are less satisfied with their jobs than teachers in traditional public schools. We also find that teachers in EMO-managed schools appear less satisfied than those in stand-alone charter schools. Our analyses suggest that lower salaries and limited union memberships help drive these lower levels of satisfaction, particularly among stand-alone charter schools and charter schools managed by EMOs.
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Hamlin, Daniel. "Are Charter Schools Safer in Deindustrialized Cities With High Rates of Crime? Testing Hypotheses in Detroit." American Educational Research Journal 54, no. 4 (May 23, 2017): 725–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3102/0002831217705060.
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Families in deindustrialized cities with high crime rates report prioritizing school safety when opting for charter schools. Yet, very little research has investigated whether charter schools are safer than traditional public schools. This study compares charter and traditional public schools in Detroit, Michigan, on perceived school safety by linking student surveys to data on school, neighborhood, and parent-related characteristics. Charter schools exhibited higher perceived school safety than traditional public schools. However, controls for student commute distance and parental involvement largely diminished this difference. Neighborhood charter schools were an exception, maintaining higher perceived school safety net of controls. Overall results suggest that differences in perceived school safety between schools become less prominent after the attributes of school choosers are considered.
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Sugarman, Stephen D. "IS IT UNCONSTITUTIONAL TO PROHIBIT FAITH-BASED SCHOOLS FROM BECOMING CHARTER SCHOOLS?" Journal of Law and Religion 32, no. 2 (July 2017): 227–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jlr.2017.27.
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AbstractThis article argues that it is unconstitutional for state charter school programs to preclude faith-based schools from obtaining charters. The first section describes the “school choice” movement of the past fifty years, situating charter schools in that movement. The current state of play of school choice is documented and the roles of charter schools, private schools (primarily faith-based schools), and public school choice options are elaborated. The second section argues that based on the current state of the law it should not be unconstitutional, under the First Amendment's Establishment Clause, for states to elect to make faith-based schools eligible for charters, and, therefore, the current practice of formal discrimination on the basis of religion against families and school founders who want faith-based charter schools should be deemed unconstitutional by the US Supreme Court. Put differently, this is not the sort of issue in which the “play in the joints” between the Free Exercise and Establishment Clauses should apply so as to give states the option of restricting charter schools to secular schools.
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Corcoran, Sean P., and Christiana Stoddard. "Local Demand for a School Choice Policy: Evidence from the Washington Charter School Referenda." Education Finance and Policy 6, no. 3 (July 2011): 323–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/edfp_a_00038.
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The expansion of charter schools—publicly funded, yet in direct competition with traditional public schools—has emerged as a favored response to poor performance in the education sector. While a large and growing literature has sought to estimate the impact of these schools on student achievement, comparatively little is known about demand for the policy itself. Using election returns from three consecutive referenda on charter schools in Washington State, we weigh the relative importance of school quality, community and school demographics, and partisanship in explaining voter support for greater school choice. We find that low school quality—as measured by standardized tests—is a consistent and modestly strong predictor of support for charters. However, variation in performance between school districts is more predictive of charter support than variation within them. At the local precinct level, school resources, union membership, student heterogeneity, and the Republican vote share are often stronger predictors of charter support than standardized test results.
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Corcoran, Sean P., and Jennifer Jennings. "The Gender Gap in Charter School Enrollment." Educational Policy 32, no. 5 (November 7, 2016): 635–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0895904816673737.
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Many studies have investigated whether students in charter schools differ systematically from those in traditional public schools with respect to prior achievement, special education, or English Language Learner status. None, however, has examined gender differences in charter school enrollment. Using data for all U.S. public schools over 11 years, we find charters enroll a higher fraction of girls, a gap that has grown steadily over time and is larger in secondary grades and KIPP schools. We then analyze longitudinal student-level data from North Carolina to examine whether differential rates of attrition explain this gap. We find boys are more likely than girls to exit charters once enrolled, and gender differences in attrition are larger than in traditional schools. However, the difference is not large enough to explain the full enrollment gap between charter and traditional schools in North Carolina, suggesting gaps exist from initial matriculation.
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Cordes, Sarah A. "In Pursuit of the Common Good: The Spillover Effects of Charter Schools on Public School Students in New York City." Education Finance and Policy 13, no. 4 (August 2018): 484–512. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/edfp_a_00240.
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A particularly controversial topic in current education policy is the expansion of the charter school sector. This paper analyzes the spillover effects of charter schools on traditional public school (TPS) students in New York City. I exploit variation in both the timing of charter school entry and distance to the nearest charter school to obtain credibly causal estimates of the impacts of charter schools on TPS student performance, and I am among the first to estimate the impacts of charter school co-location. I further add to the literature by exploring potential mechanisms for these findings with school-level data on per pupil expenditures (PPE), and parent and teacher perceptions of schools. Briefly, I find charter schools significantly increase TPS student performance in both English Language Arts and math, and decrease the probability of grade retention. Effects increase with charter school proximity and are largest in TPSs co-located with charter schools. Potential explanations for improved performance include increased PPE, academic expectations, student engagement, and a more respectful and safe school environment after charter entry. The findings suggest that more charter schools in New York City may be beneficial at the margin, and co-location may be mutually beneficial for charter and traditional public schools.
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Frankenberg, Erica, and Chungmei Lee. "Charter Schools and Race: A Lost Opportunity for Integrated Education." education policy analysis archives 11 (September 5, 2003): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.14507/epaa.v11n32.2003.
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Segregation patterns in the nation's charter schools are studied. After reviewing state charter legislation that directly addresses issues of racial and ethnic balance of student enrollment, we briefly examine the racial composition and segregation of the charter school population nationally. School-level analyses, aggregated by state constitute the primary method of studying segregation in charter schools. First, we look at racial composition and segregation of charter schools by state. Then, we consider the differences in segregation between non-charter public schools (or simply "public schools" for convenience) and charter schools, as well as segregation within the charter school sector. We conclude with a discussion of the article's findings and recommendations to promote further racial equity in this growing sector of public schools.
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Ladd, Helen F., Charles T. Clotfelter, and John B. Holbein. "The Growing Segmentation of the Charter School Sector in North Carolina." Education Finance and Policy 12, no. 4 (October 2017): 536–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/edfp_a_00226.
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A defining characteristic of charter schools is that they introduce a strong market element into public education. In this paper, we examine through the lens of a market model the evolution of the charter school sector in North Carolina between 1999 and 2012. We examine trends in the mix of students enrolled in charter schools, the racial imbalance of charter schools, patterns in student match quality by schools’ racial composition, and the distributions of test score performance gains compared to those in traditional public schools. In addition, we use student fixed effects models to examine plausibly causal measures of charter school effectiveness. Our findings indicate that charter schools in North Carolina are increasingly serving the interests of relatively able white students in racially imbalanced schools and that despite improvements in the charter school sector over time, charter schools are still no more effective on average than traditional public schools.
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Sugarman, D. "Charter School Funding Issues." education policy analysis archives 10 (August 9, 2002): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.14507/epaa.v10n34.2002.
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Although a great deal has been written about charter schools, rather little attention has been given to their funding. The first part of this article raises four current issues in the funding of regular public schools across the U.S. and shows how these issues carry over to the funding of charter schools. The second part explores four additional issues that have arisen in the funding of charter schools that go to the core identity of charter schools and the nature of the students they enroll. In both parts, extra attention is paid to developments in California, one of the most active charter school states.
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Rich, Peter, Jennifer Candipan, and Ann Owens. "Segregated Neighborhoods, Segregated Schools: Do Charters Break a Stubborn Link?" Demography 58, no. 2 (March 1, 2021): 471–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00703370-9000820.
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Abstract Residential and school segregation have historically mirrored each other, with school segregation seen as simply reflecting residential patterns given neighborhood-based school assignment policy. We argue that the relationship is circular, such that school options also influence residential outcomes. We hypothesize that the expansion of charter schools could simultaneously lead to an increase in school segregation and a decrease in residential segregation. We examine what happens when neighborhood and school options are decoupled via public school choice in the form of charter schools using data from the census and the Common Core of Data on a national sample of more than 1,500 metropolitan districts. We find that Black-White school segregation increased and residential segregation declined in response to increases in the charter enrollment share from 2000 to 2010. In districts with charter schools, the average increase in the charter enrollment share corresponded to a 12% increase in school segregation and 2% decline in residential segregation. We find no relationship between charter school expansion and school segregation between White and Hispanic students, perhaps because Hispanic students attend more racially diverse charters than White or Black students. White-Hispanic residential segregation declined as charter enrollment increased. Our results demonstrate that educational policy is consequential for both school and neighborhood population processes. When these two contexts are decoupled via public school choice, school and neighborhood segregation patterns move in opposite directions, rather than mirroring each other. Our findings also provide a cautionary lesson for unfettered expansion of choice without integration imperatives.
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Lacireno-Paquet, Natalie, Thomas T. Holyoke, Michele Moser, and Jeffrey R. Henig. "Creaming Versus Cropping: Charter School Enrollment Practices in Response to Market Incentives." Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis 24, no. 2 (June 2002): 145–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3102/01623737024002145.
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Proponents of school choice present market-based competition as a means of leveling disparities between race, class and performance in public school systems. Opponents see school choice as threatening to exacerbate this problem because competition for students will pressure individual schools into targeting students with the highest performance and the least encumbered with personal and social disadvantages. We suggest that some charter schools, by background and affiliation, are likely to be more market-oriented in their behavior than others, and test the proposition that market-oriented charter schools engage in cream-skimming while others disproportionately serve highly disadvantaged students. Comparing student composition in market-oriented charter schools, nonmarket-oriented charter schools, and traditional public schools in Washington, DC, we find little evidence that market-oriented charters are focusing on an elite clientele, but they are less likely than the other two types of schools to serve some high need populations. Rather than skimming the cream off the top of the potential student population, market-oriented charter schools may be “cropping off” service to students whose language or special education needs make them more costly to educate.
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Davis, Tomeka M. "Charter School Competition, Organization, and Achievement in Traditional Public Schools." education policy analysis archives 21 (December 8, 2013): 88. http://dx.doi.org/10.14507/epaa.v21n88.2013.
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Market models of education reform predict that the growth of charter schools will infuse competition into the public school sector, forcing traditional public schools to improve the practices they engage in to educate students. Some scholars have criticized these models, arguing that competition from charter schools is unlikely to produce significant change among public schools. Using data from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study – Kindergarten Class, I attempt to identify potential mechanisms linking charter competition to achievement in traditional public schools. The results provide little support for the market model. Competition from charter schools is not associated with reading or math scores, and is only associated with three of ten organizational measures. There is some support for an indirect relationship between math achievement and competition through reductions in teacher absenteeism, but these results fall short of meeting conventional thresholds for statistical significance.
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Ferguson, Maria. "Washington View: Charter schools: What a long, strange trip it’s been." Phi Delta Kappan 101, no. 8 (April 27, 2020): 62–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0031721720923797.
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The recent pushback against charter schools, which has taken many by surprise, stems from what Maria Ferguson describes as a perfect storm of circumstances. Because states approach charter school authorization and oversight in so many different ways, the landscape has become confusing. Betsy DeVos’s championing of charters as part of her school choice agenda has led to suspicion of the movement. And some presidential candidates have portrayed charters as an enemy of public education. All of these circumstances could turn into an opportunity to address the issues that matter to both supporters and critics of charter schools.
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Kúscová, Simona, and Jack Buckley. "The Effect of Charter School Legislation on Market Share." education policy analysis archives 12 (November 30, 2004): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.14507/epaa.v12n66.2004.
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Many proponents of school choice use the claim of the market’s capability to enhance efficiency and improve performance to call for its expansion. But no markets are perfectly competitive, and the local market for public goods is filled with institutional arrangements that make it differ from the neoclassical ideal. In this paper, we look at a particular institution—the provisions of charter school legislation—and assess how it affects the ability of charter schools to gain market share. Using data from the 36 states that had passed charter legislation by 2000, and controlling for a variety of other factors, we estimate a model of the effects of various provisions in the charter laws on charter school market share. We find that two such provisions, one concerning the sponsorship of charters and another their funding sources, appear to have a strong effect on the market share of charter schools.
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Oberfield, Zachary W. "Parent Engagement and Satisfaction in Public Charter and District Schools." American Educational Research Journal 57, no. 3 (August 13, 2019): 1083–124. http://dx.doi.org/10.3102/0002831219868983.
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Using nationally representative parent surveys over a 10-year period, this article asks if there were differences in parent engagement and satisfaction at public charter and district schools. It then examines whether any such differences persisted when accounting for observable school and family characteristics, including whether parents conducted a school search prior to selecting their child’s school. It finds that charter parents volunteered more but, in aggregate, were not more engaged in school-related activities, relative to district parents. In contrast, charter parents reported higher levels of satisfaction than district parents throughout the period. These differences persisted even when accounting for observable ways in which these families and schools differed.
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Bifulco, Robert, and Randall Reback. "Fiscal Impacts of Charter Schools: Lessons from New York." Education Finance and Policy 9, no. 1 (January 2014): 86–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/edfp_a_00121.
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This brief argues that charter school programs can have direct fiscal impacts on school districts for two reasons. First, operating two systems of public schools under separate governance arrangements can create excess costs. Second, charter school financing policies can distribute resources to or away from districts. Using the city school districts of Albany and Buffalo in New York, we demonstrate how fiscal impacts on local school districts can be estimated. We find that charter schools have had fiscal impacts on these two school districts. Finally, we argue that charter schools policies should seek to minimize any avoidable excess costs created by charter schools and ensure that the burden of any unavoidable excess costs is equitably distributed across traditional public schools, charter schools, and the state. We offer concrete policy recommendations that may help to achieve these objectives.
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Green, Terrance L., Joanna D. Sánchez, and Andrene J. Castro. "Closed Schools, Open Markets: A Hot Spot Spatial Analysis of School Closures and Charter Openings in Detroit." AERA Open 5, no. 2 (April 2019): 233285841985009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2332858419850097.
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The purpose of this study is to use geographic information systems to map the spatial distribution of traditional public school closures and the opening of charter schools in Detroit. To achieve this purpose, we examine the following research questions: (a) How are traditional public school closures and the opening of charter schools spatially distributed throughout neighborhoods in Detroit during three education policy eras? (b) How, if at all, might these schools’ spatial patterns cluster in certain neighborhoods to create hot spots of traditional public school closures and/or charter school openings? As such, this descriptive study uses hot spot geospatial analysis to identify whether the spatial occurrence of traditional public school closures and charter school openings is randomly distributed or if it occurs in statistically significant spatial clusters. Rollback and rollout neoliberalism is used to theoretically frame the study and guide the analysis. Findings suggest that charter school openings occur more often in hot spots or concentrated ways than the closure of traditional public schools in Detroit. We conclude with implications for future research.
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Baker, Bruce D., Ken Libby, and Kathryn Wiley. "Charter School Expansion and Within-District Equity: Confluence or Conflict?" Education Finance and Policy 10, no. 3 (July 2015): 423–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/edfp_a_00169.
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This article explores whether two popular policy initiatives are compatible or conflicting strategies for enhancing educational equality in diverse large urban centers. These two initiatives are (1) charter school expansion and (2) improvement of resource equity across urban public school systems through policies often referred to as weighted student funding formulas. In this article, we focus on New York and Houston, two cities where districts have adopted initiatives to improve equity of the distribution of school site funding and have concurrently experienced significant expansion of charter schooling. We find that charter schools have the tendency to amplify student population differences across schools by disability, language, and low income status, and that charter schools’ access to financial resources varies widely. Nevertheless, we find that in very large urban districts like New York City, where charter market share remains small, the overall effects of charters on system-wide inequity remain small.
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Mooring, Raymond D. "Charter Schools and Mathematics Achievement in the State of Georgia." Journal of Studies in Education 7, no. 1 (February 8, 2017): 96. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jse.v7i1.10641.
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This study uses hierarchical linear modeling (HLM) and factorial analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) to investigate the relationship between a school’s charter status and Math achievement. After accounting for school gender and ethnicity effects, charter school status is associated with Math achievement. Specifically, the initial status of Math achievement varies depending on ethnicity and gender, but the growth rate does not. Furthermore, district characteristics help to explain the charter school effect on Math achievement. Charter schools outperform traditional public schools when they receive an average amount of instructional funds. To this end, the charter gap in Math achievement decreases over time in districts that spend on instruction and have a substantial amount of minorities. When compared to traditional public schools with similar characteristics, charter schools with high percentages of Black students and/or low percentages of females outperformed their matched traditional public school counterparts.
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KITZMILLER, ERIKA M. "“We Are the Forgotten of the Forgottens”: The Effects of Charter School Reform on Public School Teachers." Harvard Educational Review 90, no. 3 (September 1, 2020): 371–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.17763/1943-5045-90.3.371.
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In this article, Erika Kitzmiller analyzes the reactions of teachers to district officials’ decision to close their traditionally managed public school and reopen it as a privately managed charter school. While many scholars have examined the impact of this reform on communities, families, and youth, little attention has been paid to the effects of charter school reform on the public school teachers who worked in these schools. Here Kitzmiller considers one of the key but largely overlooked stakeholders in charter school reform: public school teachers.
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Kotok, Stephen, Erica Frankenberg, Kai A. Schafft, Bryan A. Mann, and Edward J. Fuller. "School Choice, Racial Segregation, and Poverty Concentration: Evidence From Pennsylvania Charter School Transfers." Educational Policy 31, no. 4 (October 1, 2015): 415–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0895904815604112.
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This article examines how student movements between traditional public schools (TPSs) and charters—both brick and mortar and cyber—may be associated with both racial isolation and poverty concentration. Using student-level data from the universe of Pennsylvania public schools, this study builds upon previous research by specifically examining student transfers into charter schools, disaggregating findings by geography. We find that, on average, the transfers of African American and Latino students from TPSs to charter schools were segregative. White students transferring within urban areas transferred to more racially segregated schools. Students from all three racial groups attended urban charters with lower poverty concentration.
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Hedges, Samantha, Anne-Maree Ruddy, Lori Boyland, Jeff Swensson, and Jenna Kennedy. "The Uncharted Nature of Licensure Requirements for Charter School Principals: Implications and Possibilities for Policy Action." Journal of Research on Leadership Education 15, no. 1 (April 27, 2018): 3–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1942775118765499.
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The authors drew upon state policy documents and other public sources to review licensure requirements for charter school principals. The results indicate that few states have adopted licensure requirements for charter school principals compared with traditional public school principals, and many exempt charter school principals from licensure altogether. They found that training and support for charter school principals is available, but is concentrated in the states with the highest number of charter schools. These findings have significant implications for policy makers, charter school advocates, and authorizers. These implications are discussed and related to the existing literature regarding principal preparation and licensure.
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Paino, Maria, Rebecca L. Boylan, and Linda A. Renzulli. "The Closing Door." Sociological Perspectives 60, no. 4 (October 26, 2016): 747–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0731121416674948.
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Charter schools are promoted by policy makers and advocates as a way to reduce educational inequality. Charter schools tend to enroll higher proportions of black students than do traditional public schools. However, the accountability function of charter schools means that these schools are also more likely to close than traditional public schools. A high incidence of closure can lead to educational instability with students moving in and out of charter schools and traditional schools. We use critical race theory to build on prior work, examining the factors that may promote or constrain charter school closure. Specifically, we ask, how do the racial demographics of a charter school affect its likelihood of closure? Our findings reveal that as the proportion of black students in a charter school increases, so too does its likelihood of closings. Our work suggests that the promotion of charter schools as avenues of racial equity may be misleading.
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Ford, Michael R., and Douglas M. Ihrke. "Bridging the Charter School Accountability Divide: Defining a Role for Nonprofit Charter School Boards." Education and Urban Society 51, no. 5 (December 18, 2017): 640–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0013124517747365.
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In this article, we use originally collected survey data to determine how nonprofit charter school board members in the states of Wisconsin, Michigan, and Minnesota define accountability. We find that charter board members generally define accountability downward toward student achievement and staff performance, inward toward board performance, or upward toward authorizer compliance. We use the results of the survey to make a series of public policy recommendations to help charter school boards look outward in their accountability orientation as a means of addressing the calls for increased public accountability for the charter school sector. The results add practical value to policy discussions regarding charter school accountability and theoretical value to scholars studying public and nonprofit governance reforms.
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Arsen, David D., and Yongmei Ni. "Is Administration Leaner in Charter Schools? Resource Allocation in Charter and Traditional Public Schools." education policy analysis archives 20 (October 7, 2012): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.14507/epaa.v20n31.2012.
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There is widespread concern that administration consumes too much of the educational dollar in traditional public schools, diverting needed resources from classroom instruction and hampering efforts to improve student outcomes. By contrast, charter schools are predicted to have leaner administration and allocate resources more intensively to instruction. This study analyzes resource allocation in charter and district schools in Michigan, where charter and tradition public schools receive approximately the same operational funding. Controlling for factors that could affect resource allocation patterns between school types, we find that charter schools on average spend $774 more per pupil per year on administration and $1141 less on instruction than traditional public schools.
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David, Bernard G., Michael Marder, Jill Marshall, and María González-Howard. "How do students experience choice? Exploring STEM course-offerings and course-taking patterns in Texas charter and non-charter public schools." education policy analysis archives 28 (August 17, 2020): 123. http://dx.doi.org/10.14507/epaa.28.4484.
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Charter schools are positioned by proponents as a key component of reform efforts striving to expand school choice. Proponents argue that charter schools have the flexibility to experiment with novel curricular and instructional models outside the constraints of the traditional public education system, and therefore have the potential to transform students’ experiences. Influential reports over the last three decades have highlighted the need to improve students’ preparation in STEM, and charter schools have emerged as a reform with the potential to do so. This work uses methods from social network analysis and logistic regression to investigate how course-taking patterns in Texas charter and non-charter schools either promote or constrain student engagement within the STEM disciplines by: 1) exploring STEM course offerings in Texas charter and non-charter public secondary schools; and 2) identifying students’ STEM course-taking patterns in these schools. Findings suggest charter schools are less likely than non-charter public schools to offer STEM courses tailored for special education students and that charter school students’ course-taking patterns tend to be either slightly more advanced or more basic than the course-taking patterns of students in non-charter schools. In addition, students in charter schools tend to be more mobile (e.g., transfer between schools) than students in non-charter public schools.
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Krop, Cathy, and Ron Zimmer. "Charter school type matters when examining funding and facilities: Evidence from California." education policy analysis archives 13 (December 14, 2005): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.14507/epaa.v13n50.2005.
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Currently, charter schools represent one of the fastest growing movements of educational reform. The first charter school opened in 1992 and there are now over 3,400 charter schools nationwide. Despite this growth, we are only beginning to learn about the performance and operation of these schools. This article adds to our knowledge of charter schools both by examining the finances of charter schools in California, which has more charter students than any other state, and by highlighting their fiscal challenges. Using survey data of California charter and conventional public schools, the results suggest that the degree charter schools are struggling with resources and facilities depends upon charter school type.
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LaFleur, Jennifer C. "Locating Chicago’s charter schools: A socio-spatial analysis." education policy analysis archives 24 (March 14, 2016): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.14507/epaa.24.1745.
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This project contributes to the body of research examining the implications of the geographic location of charter schools for student access, especially in high-poverty communities. Using geographic information systems (GIS) software, this paper uses data from the U.S. Census American Community Survey to identify the socioeconomic characteristics of the census tracts in which Chicago’s charter schools tend to locate. Echoing the findings of other researchers who have examined charter school locational patterns, the present analyses found evidence of a “ceiling effect” by which many charter schools appear to locate in Chicago’s higher-needs census tracts, broadly cast, but avoid locating directly within those that are highest-need. The findings suggest that because Chicago’s charter schools face per-pupil expenditures that are often up to 20% less than those of traditional public schools, they may strategically leverage location to help shape student enrollment. By frequently locating near, but not directly within highest-need communities, charter schools may find it easier to attract a quorum of relatively higher achieving students who are less expensive to educate, therefore increasing their chances of meeting academic benchmarks and retaining their charters. By extending the findings of other researchers to the context of Chicago—where charters represent an ever-increasing share of the public school market—the present analyses may inform future revisions to the policies governing the authorization of charter schools in Chicago, with the goal of increasing access for highest-need students.
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Duyar, Ibrahim, Nancy Ras, and Carolyn L. Pearson. "Analysis of teachers’ task and extra-role performance under different autonomy regimes." International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management 64, no. 4 (April 13, 2015): 499–522. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijppm-06-2013-0103.
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Purpose – Teachers constitute one of the largest groups of knowledge workers. The purpose of this paper is to examine the antecedents and outcomes of teachers’ task and extra-role performance (ERP) under two different autonomy regimes in charter and regular public schools. A special emphasis was given to the ERP of teachers. Both the predictors and outcomes of teacher work performance were comparatively investigated in these two different school environments. Design/methodology/approach – By applying a social-cognitive perspective and a causal comparative design, the study comparatively tested the reciprocal relationships among the study variables in public and charter schools. The clustered sample included 812 public school teachers and 112 charter school teachers. Findings – The findings revealed that the predictors and outcomes of teachers’ task and ERP have differing dynamics in these two distinct types of public schools. The School Type, which represented the differences in school autonomy between public and charter schools, appeared to be the strongest differentiating factor across two groups of schooling. Both types of teacher performance (task and extra role) in charter schools outweighed their counterparts in public schools. Similarities and differences were observed on the predictors and outcomes of teacher work performance. Originality/value – The current study contributed to the scant literature on the effects of school autonomy on teacher task and ERP. A clear understanding on the predictors and outcomes of teacher work performance under two different school autonomy regimes may guide practitioners and policymakers in their efforts to bring public schools to a more competitive edge.
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Kelly, Andrew P., and Tom Loveless. "Comparing New School Effects in Charter and Traditional Public Schools." American Journal of Education 118, no. 4 (August 2012): 427–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/666370.
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Wei, Xin, Deepa Patel, and Viki M. Young. "Opening the “black box”: Organizational differences between charter schools and traditional public schools." Education Policy Analysis Archives 22 (January 18, 2014): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.14507/epaa.v22n3.2014.
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Using survey data collected from 2,273 teachers in Texas, this study explores differences in school organization that contribute to the experiences (e.g., working conditions, instruction and student engagement in learning, self-efficacy and job satisfaction, and teacher evaluation) of charter school and traditional public school teachers. Researchers used propensity score matching to reduce the impact of selection bias and to produce accurate estimates of the charter-traditional public school differences. Compared with similar teachers in traditional public schools, charter school teachers reported a more supportive teaching environment, higher expectations of students among staff, a greater sense of responsibility for student learning, and higher levels of student engagement in learning. However, they reported, attending fewer professional development trainings focused on instruction and aligned to teaching assignments, fewer opportunities for professional development and collaboration with colleagues, and lower perceived fairness of teacher evaluation. Findings from this study provide valuable insight into the school organization factors that may underlie teacher turnover and represent unmet needs among charter school teachers, and suggest strategic areas of focus for policymakers, charter management organizations, and charter school leaders in addressing teacher retention and student achievement.
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Kelley, Jamey, and Steven M. Demorest. "Music Programs in Charter and Traditional Schools." Journal of Research in Music Education 64, no. 1 (February 19, 2016): 88–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022429416630282.
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Since the arrival of the first charter school in Minnesota in 1991, charter schools have become one of the largest movements in educational reform. In recent years, research has emerged that has compared the effectiveness of charter schools with their traditional school counterparts. The purpose of this study was to compare the extent of music offerings between charter schools and traditional public schools in the same urban district and geographic location within the city. Results indicated that while all schools in the sample offered significantly less music than national averages, significantly more charter schools offered music during the school day. Charter schools were more likely to offer traditional music (band, choir, orchestra) as electives. Schools with music programs, regardless of school type, had higher test scores and higher attendance rates even when controlling for differences in socioeconomic status between music and non music schools. Results are discussed in terms of their implications for the charter school movement, arts education policy, and suggestions for future research.
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Hedgecoth, David M. "Collaborations: Partnerships Create Success for Charter School Students." Music Educators Journal 105, no. 2 (December 2018): 51–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0027432118804868.
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A unique partnership between public charter schools, a civic chamber orchestra, and university school of music has brought music instruction to middle school students in central Ohio. This collaborative endeavor can serve as a model for charter schools administrators wishing to expand their curricular offerings to include music and other arts instruction.