Journal articles on the topic 'Public buildings Energy conservation'
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1
Liu, Bing, and Zhi Liang Zhang. "Energy Analysis and Energy Saving Applications of Hotel Typed Large Public Building." Advanced Materials Research 356-360 (October 2011): 2459–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.356-360.2459.
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Building engineering in China is divided into civil building and industry building. Civil building engineering includes residential building and public building. There are many types of public building: shopping malls, office buildings, hotels and so on. In this thesis, architecture test and investigation are processed for the large public building such as hotel type, which focus on its characteristic features of energy consumption. Then energy conservation schemes are propounded and applied in real buildings.
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Mo, Zheng Bo, Song Tao Hu, and Li Yan Gao. "The Efficiency Measures of Building Energy Conservation." Applied Mechanics and Materials 99-100 (September 2011): 680–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.99-100.680.
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Briefly outlines current situation of building energy consumption in China. On this basis, lists the efficiency measures of building energy conservation: including energy optimization in building design process, new technologies in building envelope, energy saving of heating system, heat pumps, large public buildings energy conservation, efficient lights and energy saving electrical appliances.
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Ying, Haining, Huiyu Lu, Jie Ren, Kang Li, and Jing Chen. "Research on energy conservation of port public buildings." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 545 (July 28, 2020): 012037. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/545/1/012037.
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Liu, Yang, Shiqing Zou, Hongyu Chen, Xianguo Wu, and Wenman Chen. "Simulation Analysis and Scheme Optimization of Energy Consumption in Public Buildings." Advances in Civil Engineering 2019 (July 25, 2019): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/6326138.
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Under the requirement of energy savings and emission reduction in China, building energy consumption, which occupies a rising proportion of the total energy consumption in society, has become the focus of energy conservation research. Public buildings with a high-energy consumption level have become the most important part of energy conservation research. It is of great practical significance and social value to study energy conservation in large public buildings. In this paper, a large office building is taken as an example. First, a simulation model is constructed by using the energy consumption simulation analysis method, and the reliability of the model is verified by a comparison with the actual energy consumption. Second, based on the model, the thermal design parameters of six building envelope structures, including the external wall heat transfer coefficient, are analyzed in the order of energy-saving sensitivity. Based on the results of the sensitivity analysis, suggestions for each factor are presented. Finally, considering the mutual influence of each parameter on the building energy consumption, the orthogonal design method is used to arrange the test, and the optimal scheme combination of the energy-saving effect is analyzed, which can provide decision support for the energy saving of public building envelopes.
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Cai, Wei, Ke Jian Cai, and Zhao Hui Wu. "Dominant Factors of Central Air Conditioning System Zoning and Thermal Comfort for Large-Scale Public Buildings in China." Advanced Materials Research 171-172 (December 2010): 159–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.171-172.159.
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Large-scale public buildings have high energy density, which take big part of the gross energy consumption in buildings in China. It is still in attempting stage about the strategy of energy conservation in air conditioning systems. The objective of this study is to investigate that how to appropriately divide central air conditioning system zoning by using simulation software to calculate the basis dynamic temperature and load in typical large-scale public buildings. Effects of weather conditions, building envelope conditions and building structure on large-scale public building energy consumption were analyzed in this simulation. The results show that the building load is the fundamental factor involved in air conditioning system zoning. Surplus heat recovery in inner zone is also recommended to maintain inner zone comfort and energy conservation. This work provides the theoretical and technological basis for study on central air conditioning system zoning and thermal comfort for large-scale public building.
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Li, Heng-jie, Zhen Qiao, Wei Chen, Xian-qiang Zeng, and Long Wu. "Research On Public Building Energy Consumption Prediction Method Based On NAR Neural Network Prediction Technology." E3S Web of Conferences 118 (2019): 04010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201911804010.
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In order to solve the problem of high energy consumption of public buildings and optimize and improve energy conservation of public buildings, we built a building energy consumption prediction model based on NAR neural network prediction technology improved by BP neural network algorithm, and the energy consumption value is predicted. The large public buildings as the research object, the key factors to determine the effect of building energy consumption and collect the corresponding data processing, as the input parameters of neural network prediction public buildings energy consumption value, according to the actual situation will eventually NAR prediction of neural network and BP network prediction method and the comparative analysis the measured data. The results show that NAR neural network can predict the energy consumption of public buildings more accurately than BP neural network under different building parameters.
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Hasim, Mohamad Sufian, Wan Farissa Haslin Wan Azam, Ahmad Ezanee Hashim, and Nor Rima Muhamad Ariff. "Energy Conservation Practices in Universities Buildings." Environment-Behaviour Proceedings Journal 4, no. 12 (December 31, 2019): 123. http://dx.doi.org/10.21834/e-bpj.v4i12.1899.
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Energy conservation is one of the significant initiatives towards sustainable campus and should be implemented in university facilities management practices. This research benchmarked for the most effective initiatives and strategies for energy conservation practices in universities. Six (6) semi-structured interview was conducted in three (3) universities organization. The most five (5) effective energy conservation practiced were energy awareness programs in place, adopting energy-efficient appliances and equipment, managing time schedules, implementing the prepaid metering system, and energy management planning. Therefore, the commitments and participation are needed from all universities, both private and public organizations, toward achieving a sustainable future.Keywords: Energy Conservation; Energy Efficiency; Sustainable Facilities Management; Sustainable Universities.eISSN: 2398-4287 © 2019. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open-access article under the CC BYNC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/e-bpj.v4i12.1899
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Zhang, Chunzhi, Nianxia Yuan, and Qianjun Mao. "Energy audit and conservation potential analysis of a large comprehensive commercial building." Thermal Science 22, Suppl. 2 (2018): 567–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci170524041z.
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With the rapid development of large-scale public buildings, energy consumption has increased, of which the energy consumption of comprehensive commercial buildings can reach 10~20 times the common building energy consumption, and has great energy saving potential. In this paper, a large comprehensive commercial building in Chengdu is taken as an example to analyze the energy consumption through the actual energy consumption data, viewed from the energy-saving and emission-reduction and static investment payback period point. The results show that the energy saving rate of the building can be achieved by 32.64%, the emission reduction is 6196.52 t CO2 per year, and the investment recovery period is only about 0.90 years, which provides a reference for similar buildings.
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Zhao, Xing, and Zengfeng Yan. "Analysis of Energy Conservation Big Data of Embedded Large Public Buildings and Construction of the Information Model by 5G." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2022 (May 9, 2022): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/3023323.
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The problem of energy shortage has become one of the most serious problems in the process of economic development. The research is aimed at studying the energy conservation data and information model of large public buildings. Based on the theories of 5G technology, embedded system, and energy conservation of large public buildings, firstly, 5G technology is used to collect research data. Secondly, some large public buildings in Northwest China are analyzed for energy conservation by using ZigBee and other related technologies and algorithms. Finally, the office buildings in large public buildings are used as samples for the construction of the information model to be analyzed. The research results denote that large public buildings are mainly concentrated in hospitals, hotels, shopping malls, and so on. The south-facing window to wall ratio is higher than that of the north-facing window to wall ratio, and the east-west-facing window to wall ratio has the lowest probability of appearing. In addition, the thermal conductivity of the roof of most of the large buildings is less than 1.0 W, while the thermal conductivity of the outer wall of the roof is distributed around 2.5 W, and the thermal conductivity of the outer wall is around 0.6 W. Finally, commercial buildings have higher heating and cooling loads than residential buildings. In the construction of the information model for energy conservation of large public buildings, the neural networks (NNs) and clustering analysis algorithm are introduced into the prediction model of energy consumption data, and it is found that compared with the actual observed value, the overall trend shows consistency, both of which are periodic fluctuations. However, there are still some errors in some data. Therefore, an analysis of energy conservation data of embedded large public buildings and the construction of information models based on 5G has important guiding significance for the construction industry to improve business performance and market competitiveness.
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Zhang, Shen Ju, Jian Li, and Xin Gang Wang. "Application of Green Construction Techniques in Public Buildings: A Case of the Medicine Building in Nanjing Pukou Central Hospital." Advanced Materials Research 374-377 (October 2011): 178–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.374-377.178.
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The green building is one important way to develop the energy conservation work. The green construction technology surmounts in the tradition building technology, paying great attention to energy conservation, low consumption and high efficient and environmental protection. The green construction technology is the sustainable construction method. This paper takes the medicine building in Nanjing Pukou Central hospital as an example to analyze the characteristics of the green construction techniques and study the application of the techniques in public buildings.
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Nosirova, Sobira, Dilbar Rustamova, and Marguba Egamova. "ENERGY-SAVING HOMES-THE MAIN MOTTO OF UZBEKISTAN IN RECENT YEARS." Technical Sciences 4, no. 2 (February 28, 2021): 4–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.26739/2181-9696-2021-2-1.
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In this research work, practical experiments were conducted to use energy-saving materials in the design of residential buildings being built in a new type in the Republic, as well as the use of materials that support energy conservation in buildings, are rough and accessible to the public, as well as in the construction of houses using building materials that correspond to the use of such building materials for external enclosing structures, it is possible to increase the energy efficiency of buildings.Keywords:external fencing structure, thermal protection, energy efficiency, material, need, boundary, project, economy
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Li, Feng, Yi Chang Wang, and Lang Zhou. "An Automatic Control Method for Central Heating of Public Buildings." Applied Mechanics and Materials 241-244 (December 2012): 3249–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.241-244.3249.
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Our current thermal management in public buildings still remains in the stage of extensive management, which leads to the difficulty in guiding a heat-user to cultivate the awareness of energy conservation. As a result, a large quantity of heat is wasted. Therefore this article introduces a thermal control mechanism based on strategies, and proposes a design of zigbee-based wireless temperature collecting method to collect temperature in the heating field. On the basis of these techniques, an automatic control system for the heating of public buildings is achieved. The system fits the users’ heat use habits and is easy to operate, so that it can guide the heat users’ awareness of energy conservation and reduce energy waste.
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Liu, Su Fang, Hai Yang Ren, and Ye Niu. "Discussion on Development Trend in the Construction Industry - Green Low Carbon Buildings." Applied Mechanics and Materials 641-642 (September 2014): 1021–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.641-642.1021.
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With the development of society, the concept of building energy conservation and reuse become more and more popular. As the result, it is important to develop energy-saving buildings and advocate low carbon life, so that it will push ahead the efficient use of building energy, and moreover, the energy saving in the daily life of the society. Nowadays, the public society has pay close attention to the green low carbon buildings as it is consistent with this trend. Starting from the concept and features of green low carbon building, this article discussed the approach of achieving the low carbon buildings according to the engineering design. In the end, this article also addressed the significance of implementing green low carbon buildings.
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Zhang, Shen Sheng, Yang Cao, Shou Kun Yang, and Ze Wang. "Research on the Countermeasures of the Energy-Saving Reconstruction of Existing Public Buildings in Shenyang." Applied Mechanics and Materials 409-410 (September 2013): 574–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.409-410.574.
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Summarized all kinds of existing public buildings energy consumption status and characteristics in Shenyang, analysis the problems and current situation of the existing public buildings energy-saving in Shenyang city during the period of "eleven five" ,put forward the countermeasures and suggestions to speed up the development of the energy-saving of existing public buildings in Shenyang from the aspects of energy-saving evaluation and examination, energy conservation supervision, management mechanism, energy saving system etc.
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Wang, Yiqiong. "Application of Deep Learning Model in Building Energy Consumption Prediction." Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience 2022 (August 8, 2022): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/4835259.
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In order to achieve China’s energy conservation and emission reduction goal of peaking carbon dioxide emissions around 2030, it is of great significance. An important means of building energy conservation and emission reduction is the fine management of building energy consumption, which is based on the accurate prediction of building energy consumption, so as to support the optimal management of building operation and achieve the goal of energy conservation and emission reduction. This paper puts forward the evaluation indexes of the results of the building energy consumption prediction model, uses MAPE and RMSE indexes to evaluate the accuracy of the prediction results of the model, and uses the prediction time and input parameter dimensions to evaluate the time cost of the prediction model. Then, using the three building energy consumption prediction models based on machine learning algorithm established above, the prediction of energy consumption of four types of public buildings in different seasons is completed, and the prediction results are evaluated and analyzed. According to the prediction results and the requirements of related work on the accuracy of building energy consumption prediction model, the adaptation relationship between different types of buildings and different machine learning algorithm prediction models is summarized.
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Jiang, Yun Sheng, Nian Ping Li, Xiao Qing Wei, and Qing Huang. "Analysis of Energy Consumption and Electricity Consumption Norm of Hotel Building in Changsha, China." Key Engineering Materials 517 (June 2012): 844–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.517.844.
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The purpose of this study is to discuss the use of energy in hotel building in Hunan province, P. R. China, and to explore the application of building energy conservation. 25 hotel buildings were selected and the investigations of energy consumption data was carried through in Changsha of Hunan province .The building comprehensive consumption of energy and electricity were got from the energy consumption computing method of public buildings. It can be got these indexes of unit energy consumption electricity consumption and so on through unit conversion. According to the current situation of building energy consumption and the related standings of Changsha, such buildings whose norm index range of energy and electricity can be obtained. Conclusion are as follows: It provide guiding significance for the energy-saving prediction which entire building and all of its system .This paper also provides some useful measures which about the applied promotion of related energy-saving technology in such buildings of the region.
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Li, Yan. "Energy Conservation and Green Building Design of Library Case Study on the New Hubei Library." Applied Mechanics and Materials 438-439 (October 2013): 1746–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.438-439.1746.
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As the major public buildings and cultural service institutions, libraries play an important role in the strategy of energy-saving buildings. In order to keep pace with the footstep of Western developed countries, China has launched a series of green and energy-saving building practices and achieved certain results. The New Hubei Library is a successful example, with Chinese national conditions and the characteristic of the library itself taken into consideration, and limited conditions in the design process fully made the most use of. Besides the designer has efficiently used energy-saving strategy on building structure maintenance, solar radiation, air conditioning control system and natural ventilation, finally achieved the goal of energy saving of library.
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Li, Yongguang, and Shaocui Guo. "Real time prediction method of energy consumption of geothermal system in public buildings based on wavelet neural network." Thermal Science 26, no. 3 Part A (2022): 2373–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci2203373l.
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Real time prediction of energy consumption is the basis of energy conservation and emission reduction. Aiming at the problems of large prediction error and poor effect, a real-time prediction method of energy consumption of geothermal system of public buildings based on wavelet neural network is proposed. Firstly, the energy consumption of geothermal system in public buildings is analyzed, the wavelet neural network is designed, the neural network is optimized and solved by genetic algorithm, and the necessity of constructing the real-time prediction model of energy consumption based on wavelet neural network is established. Then it introduces the basic principle of model establishment, wavelet analysis, and shows the role of wavelet analysis in prediction model. Finally, based on the distribution structure of public buildings, this paper analyzes the energy consumption system of geothermal system, constructs the energy consumption prediction method, analyzes the over?all temperature regulation energy consumption prediction principle of building geothermal system, and realizes the real-time prediction of energy consumption of geothermal system of public buildings. The experimental results show that the energy consumption real-time prediction results of the designed method are basically similar to the actual prediction values, and the prediction efficiency is high, which can effectively reduce the energy consumption of the geothermal system of public buildings.
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Prizeman, Oriel, Camilla Pezzica, Ahmed Taher, and Mahdi Boughanmi. "Networking Historic Environmental Standards to Address Modern Challenges for Sustainable Conservation in HBIM." Applied Sciences 10, no. 4 (February 14, 2020): 1283. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10041283.
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Awareness of the logic and context of original (and subsequent) design priorities is critical to informing decisions relating to valorisation, repair, refurbishment, energy retrofit or re-use of built heritage. A key benefit of collating data through Historic Building Information Modelling (HBIM) should be to assist others facing similar challenges. Here, examples for sharing understanding of how components belong to a system are outlined in the context of a newly completed dataset of public library buildings in the UK funded by Andrew Carnegie, predominantly built between 1900 and 1914. Demands for the functionality and economy of public library buildings, coupled with the emergent standardisation of building components at the time, provide a specific condition with potential for further iteration to other buildings of the period or related typologies. The work highlights the urgency of providing cost-efficient knowledge sharing structures in an era of altered priorities with respect to energy use for modern heritage. We propose the means for mapping common features to network knowledge amongst stakeholders through relevant open source pathways. The results demonstrate that integrating geographic approaches to knowledge sharing in HBIM with environmental considerations also supports wider questions of risk management related to the stewardship of historic buildings in the context of climate change.
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Li, Wei Lin, Peng Xu, Hao Zhang, and Ying Chen. "Energy Saving Audit Method Based on Energy Sub-Metering Platform of Public Buildings." Advanced Materials Research 962-965 (June 2014): 1627–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.962-965.1627.
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It is still in the exploratory stage that what role the sub-metering data can play in building energy conservation. In this paper, we presented the sub-metering platform of Changning District of Shanghai, introduced the Energy saving audit method based on energy sub-metering platform, at last, pointed out that regression is the suitable modeling method for energy saving calculation based on sub-metering platform. The advantage of the method is that the platform has the energy consumption data of a single system or even a device what can avoid field measurement and the period of energy consumption data is more flexible.
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Zhang, Yin Hui, and Qin Yan. "Application of Energy-Saving Technology for Public Building Design." Applied Mechanics and Materials 744-746 (March 2015): 2273–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.744-746.2273.
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Energy-saving technology has developed with the rapid development of economy in our country. Experts pay more attention to the construction of green environmental protection of energy conservation and emissions reduction in the process of urbanization. The public building is an important part of architectural design. It promotes social progress and innovation. It is not only saving the resources, alleviating the energy crisis, but also improves people’s life quality for using energy-saving technology in public construction projects. We can improve the overall quality of construction projects and reduce the waste of resources in public construction projects. Based on the case of the cultural center of Shanghai Expo, we analyzed its energy saving technology and summarized the application of energy-saving technology in the design of public buildings in China.
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Hanushchak-Yefimenko, Liudmyla. "ENERGY CERTIFICATION AND ENERGY AUDIT OF HIGHER EDUCATION AS A METHODOLOGICAL TOOL TO IMPROVE THE ENERGY EFFICIENCY OF THE UNIVERSITY." Management 34, no. 2 (January 10, 2022): 18–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.30857/2415-3206.2021.2.2.
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BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES. Improving the energy performance of buildings is one of the least expensive ways to reduce energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. Building energy performance certification increases public knowledge about energy conservation and allows consumers and other decision makers to compare buildings based on their lifetime performance. In addition, energy performance certifications are an incentive for owners to improve the efficiency of existing buildings.METHODS. It is proposed to use in the process of energy certification and energy audit of university buildings collection and evaluation of basic information (including information about local climate, method of use, value of thermal conductivity coefficient and building envelope area, orientation) to determine the level of energy efficiency of the building on a generally accepted scale. In the Certificate of energy efficiency to take into account the calculated results from the assessment of the energy performance of the building.FINDINGS. It is suggested that the results of the energy certification of university buildings be presented in a simple, clear form, to ensure clarity, ease of use and comparability. For the energy certification of university buildings, a comparative labeling from A to G is proposed for use. The scale, on which the current national building standard is at "C," provides ample room for improving the rating of both new and existing buildings. If necessary, the scale should be expanded to add a label such as A1, A2, or A+, A++ when it comes to high-performance buildings.CONCLUSION. Accurate and reliable energy performance certification is a necessary foundation that will help ensure consumer confidence and the success of the certification program. The certification program must be clearly coordinated to ensure a smooth transition of the construction industry to the new rules.
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Shah, Leena, Sudhir Kumar, and Mukesh Kumar Shah. "GREEN LIBRARIES IN ACADEMIC INSTITUIONS: NEED OF THE HOUR." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 3, no. 9SE (September 30, 2015): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v3.i9se.2015.3129.
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Explains term “Green” and special challenges met by libraries to be Green. Points out steps involved such as site selection, water and energy conservation, building material and indoor air quality. Briefly narrates few green libraries initiatives such as Fayetteville Public Library, Minneapolis (2004), Seattle Central Library (2004), National Library, Singapore (2005), Minneapolis Public Library (2006), and University of California (2005). Also discusses steps taken by TERI in developing GRIHA. Suggests for proper planning of buildings with solar energy system and roof water harvesting, etc.
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Liao, Jun-Mao, Ming-Jui Chang, and Luh-Maan Chang. "Prediction of Air-Conditioning Energy Consumption in R&D Building Using Multiple Machine Learning Techniques." Energies 13, no. 7 (April 10, 2020): 1847. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13071847.
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With the global increase in demand for energy, energy conservation of research and development buildings has become of primary importance for building owners. Knowledge based on the patterns in energy consumption of previous years could be used to predict the near-future energy usage of buildings, to optimize and facilitate more effective energy consumption. Hence, this research aimed to develop a generic model for predicting energy consumption. Air-conditioning was used to exemplify the generic model for electricity consumption, as it is the process that often consumes the most energy in a public building. The purpose of this paper is to present this model and the related findings. After causative factors were determined, the methods of linear regression and various machine learning techniques—including the earlier machine learning techniques of support vector machine, random forest, and multilayer perceptron, and the later machine learning techniques of deep neural network, recurrent neural network, long short-term memory, and gated recurrent unit—were applied for prediction. Among them, the prediction of random forest resulted in an R2 of 88% ahead of the first month and 81% ahead of the third month. These experimental results demonstrate that the prediction model is reliable and significantly accurate. Building owners could further enrich the model for energy conservation and management.
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Ascione, F., N. Bianco, O. Boettcher, T. Iovane, M. Mastellone, G. M. Mauro, and J. Muehle. "The Cost-Optimal Optimization of public buildings in cold and warm climates: two case-studies in Germany and Italy." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1078, no. 1 (September 1, 2022): 012044. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1078/1/012044.
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Abstract Directive EU 844/2018, in the matter of energy performance of buildings and future goals of energy efficiency for the EU Member Countries, extends the standard of nearly zero-energy building goals to the existing building stock, with the mandatory aim of almost complete decarbonization of the whole sector within 2050, and thus a strong reduction of greenhouse gas pollution of about 80-95% compared to the levels of ’90s. In this frame, the present study purposes the multi-objective optimizations of two office buildings, located in Berlin (Germany, European backcountry, “Cfb” climate in the classification of Köppen and Geiger) and Naples (Italy, Mediterranean coast, “Csa” climate classification), with the aim of finding the best trade-off between two couples of contrasting targets, representative of private and public interests, respectively: minimization of indoor thermal discomfort and operational costs, and minimization of indoor thermal discomfort and environmental impact. In addition, an investment cost analysis is performed by optimizing operational costs and total construction costs. The explored and investigated energy conservation measures, to apply during the building retrofit, involve the main levers of energy efficiency, and thus the building envelope, and the active energy systems. The results underline that the cost-optimal energy measures to apply during the building refurbishments deeply differ based on the building usage, the intensity of required indoor comfort, and depending on the climatic peculiarities and building construction technologies.
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Miani, Marco, Caterina Di Marco, Giada Frappa, and Margherita Pauletta. "Effects of Dissipative Systems on the Seismic Behavior of Irregular Buildings—Two Case Studies." Buildings 10, no. 11 (November 7, 2020): 202. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings10110202.
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Conservation of heritage buildings has become a very important issue in many countries, as it is in Italy, where a great number of existing buildings of historical–artistic importance are seismically vulnerable. To improve existing building behavior, researchers focus on the design of retrofit interventions. This paper presents the application of energy dissipation devices in the retrofit of two existing Reinforced Concrete (RC) buildings, both irregular in plan and along their heights, designed for gravitational loads only. These buildings are representative of Italian public housing built in the 1960s and early 1970s. Technical information and mechanical properties of materials are presented, and non-linear analyses are carried out to evaluate the buildings’ behavior under earthquake loads. Many of their structural members do not satisfy the verifications required by the Italian Building Code. Retrofit interventions with buckling-restrained axial dampers in one building and viscous fluid dampers in the other are proposed. The verifications of the retrofitted buildings and the amount of the energy absorbed by the devices with respect to that absorbed by the unretrofitted buildings show the effectiveness of the proposed interventions. Moreover, it is demonstrated that adequate dispositions of the dissipative devices in plan and along the height increase the torsional stiffness of the buildings, improving their structural response under seismic action.
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TSARITOVA, N. G., A. I. KURBANOV, and A. А. KURBANOVA. "ENERGY-EFFICIENT BUILDINGS BASED ON TRANSFORMABLE FRAMES." Building and reconstruction 104, no. 6 (2022): 91–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.33979/2073-7416-2022-104-6-91-103.
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. In the construction industry, buildings that provide themselves with energy are increasingly appearing. The article discusses the formative capabilities of the kinematic system, presents lattices and the three-dimensional shapes obtained from them. Special attention is paid to the cylindrical surface, its geometric immutability is ensured by the rigidity of the contour and the spatial shape of the surface of the central part. The authors of the article proposed a public building based on a transformable frame – it is a quick-erect and lightweight spatial structure that will meet the three main requirements of modernity: energy conservation, eco-nomicity and environmental friendliness. Have created a three-dimensional model of the structure, viewed in two states: before construction (flat rectilinear lattice) and after construction. The selection of enclosing structures based on thermal engineering calculations was carried out, and solar panels are used as additional panels. The color scheme of the facades is proposed. The light openings are triangular in shape on the side facade and trapezoidal with triangular at the ends of the building. This solution is due to maintaining the rhythm of structures and sandwich panels. installation of additional internal supports. The absence of internal supports in the building provides freedom in planning issues. To generate an alternative type of energy and save money, solar panels are installed on the building so as not to violate the general concept of facades.
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Dikareva, Varvara, Miron Karpovich, and Zinaida Petrikova. "The use of energy-saving technologies in the overhaul and reconstruction of buildings." E3S Web of Conferences 164 (2020): 10050. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202016410050.
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The purpose of this paper is to develop mechanisms to improve the efficiency of reconstruction and overhaul of buildings based on the use of energy-saving technologies. As a result of the study, ways have been developed to increase the efficiency of reconstruction and overhaul based on energy conservation, including legal regulation, institutional and organizational development, technical and information support for energy conservation measures as part of the overhaul and reconstruction of residential and public buildings. A method has been formed for the selection and assessment of the efficiency of energy-saving technological solutions, taking into account both technical and economic criteria, which allows assessing the long-term sustainability of investment projects for the implementation of energy-saving measures and determining the necessary degree of government participation in investment.
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Ding, Ge Fei, Gang Xu, and Xiao Feng Zhang. "Research on the Duty Mechanism of Energy Consumption Control of Public Buildings in China." Applied Mechanics and Materials 253-255 (December 2012): 735–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.253-255.735.
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Since the 90's of last century, energy conservation project of civil architecture has been started in China. Till now, civil builings’ energy consumption, especially public buildings is still serious, which is caused by many factors and the duty mechanism is one of the most important factors. The paper analyzed the prerequisites to launch the duty mechanism, those who should take the responsibility to launch the duty mechanism, responsibility system of the duty mechanism and how to realize the duty mechanism.
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Shao, Yu, and Peng Li. "The Analysis of Design Methods about High-Rise Public Building Energy Saving." Advanced Materials Research 575 (October 2012): 84–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.575.84.
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Along with the fast development of our national economy and the increasing shortage of the energy supply, energy conservation has become Chinese important strategy of sustainable development. The architecture is a major energy consumer, and the energy conservation work of it has come to the stage of brook no delay. This paper explored methods and ways of energy conservation design about high-rise public building from the overall planning and single building design, provided some reference for the energy conservation building design.
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Ren, Shou Hong, and De Ying Li. "An Economic Comparison between Two Types of Heating and Air-Conditioning Systems for Public Buildings in Severely Cold Regions." Advanced Materials Research 671-674 (March 2013): 2507–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.671-674.2507.
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The overall cost of the cooling type air-conditioning plus central heating system is less than that of the all-season air conditioning system in life spans of the two types of systems, which demonstrates the applicability of the principle on design of heating, ventilation and air-conditioning in chapter 5 of Standards of Design for Energy Conservation for Public Building, which suggests that the central heating system should be adopted instead of the air-conditioning system for public buildings in severely cold regions.
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Cao, Yu, Cong Xu, Syahrul Nizam Kamaruzzaman, and Nur Mardhiyah Aziz. "A Systematic Review of Green Building Development in China: Advantages, Challenges and Future Directions." Sustainability 14, no. 19 (September 27, 2022): 12293. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su141912293.
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In the 21st century, traditional construction activities exert a severe negative influence on the environment and ecology. To mitigate the negative influence of construction, green buildings have received increasing attention worldwide. Compared with conventional buildings, green buildings have significant advantages for environmental conservation and public health. Although green buildings bring excellent benefits, the development status of green buildings in China is still unsatisfactory. To enhance the understanding of green buildings and promote green building development in China, this study was undertaken to conduct a systematic review of green building development in China. The PRISMA protocol was used as the primary procedure for article screening and selection. This review was conducted between March 2022 and May 2022. In this study, 186 articles were reviewed, and the definition, development trends, evaluation standards, importance, and hindrances of green buildings in China were summarized and discussed through the systematic review. Moreover, the benefits, challenges, and future directions of green building promotion and development in China were discussed and analyzed. This study can promote public familiarity with the current situation of green buildings in China to boost their development. In addition, this study can also provide practical advice to green building stakeholders on the future direction of green building development in China.
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Seeley, Christopher Charles, and Shobhakar Dhakal. "Energy Efficiency Retrofits in Commercial Buildings: An Environmental, Financial, and Technical Analysis of Case Studies in Thailand." Energies 14, no. 9 (April 30, 2021): 2571. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14092571.
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In the rapidly growing economies of Southeast Asia, energy consumption and energy costs in buildings continue to increase. Over the past decade, energy consumption from the commercial building sector in Thailand has increased at an average of 4% per annum and currently represents over 30% of total electricity consumption, second only to the industrial sector. Buildings that exist today will continue to represent most of both energy and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from the built environment, with newly constructed buildings representing only a small additional portion. This paper analyzes the environmental, technical, and financial characteristics of energy efficiency retrofit activities in commercial buildings in Thailand through detailed case studies of forty-two projects undertaken over the past 8 years. Our findings suggest that retrofits provide significant opportunities to reduce energy use, energy costs, and GHG emissions while also validating the economic feasibility of investments into such retrofit activities. Through this detailed analysis of past retrofit projects in Thailand, we found that the marginal abatement costs (MAC) relating to the key energy conservation measures (ECM) implemented within these retrofit projects all have negative costs. However, although these findings demonstrate positive economics and should be sufficient to instigate widespread adoption, in reality, this is not taking place. It is evident that greater public policy and leadership are needed to stimulate growth in the building retrofit sector to take advantage of the opportunities and benefits that building retrofits offer.
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A. Radkevich, K. Netesa, and T. Tkach. "Trends in facade system overhaul based on the data analysis of procurement contracts via the PROZORRO public e-procurement system." Ways to Improve Construction Efficiency, no. 45 (October 16, 2020): 120–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.32347/2707-501x.2020.45.120-130.
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Obviously, it goes without saying that sustainable economic development and an increase in the cost of energy carriers require improvements in the energy efficiency of existing buildings and structures. For this reason, intelligent energy monitoring and searching for new methods aimed at improving the performance of buildings have been of utmost importance. One of the feasible solutions to improving the performance of existing buildings would arguably be the reduction in energy costs by increasing the insulating properties of their facade systems. This paper analyses the current trends in the overhaul of facade systems in Ukraine. The research results into facade system renovation conducted via the ProZorro public e-procurement system demonstrated that a significant number of repair works were the improvements in the thermal insulation properties of facade systems by means of mineral wool panels and plaster cladding. The percentage of this type of overhaul contracts reached 67% of the total number of investigated contracts. Facade insulation renovation using expanded polystyrene plates approximately made up 20%. The restoration works of an outer layer of façade systems, including plaster restoration, spot-priming, restoration of hard putty, plaster facing and painting works, revetment, etc., which do not impact the energy efficiency of a building, made up about 13% of the total number of contracts. The area of façade works in question averaged from 200 m2 to 1500 m2. Having compared the prices per one square metre of a façade system, the average cost for such works has been calculated in the range of 1500 UAH to 2000 UAH; while the cost of advanced works ranged from 3500 UAH to 4000 UAH. Given a short maintenance-free service life of 7-10 years of the corresponding systems and guided by cost-effectiveness reasons, it has been suggested replacing these facade systems with ventilated facade systems with thermal insulation and ceramic cladding. This façade system has proved to have a significantly longer durability and maintenance-free service life, while the initial investment costs will further increase the energy efficiency properties of a building. As the result, this will enable keeping energy operating costs to minimum, which will consequently increase the building’s cost-effectiveness and its compliance with current global trends in energy conservation.
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Mosly, Ibrahim. "Barriers to the Diffusion and Adoption of Green Buildings in Saudi Arabia." Journal of Management and Sustainability 5, no. 4 (December 1, 2015): 104. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jms.v5n4p104.
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<p>Many countries around the globe have recently pursued sustainability. The public and governments are demanding sustainability due to worldwide environmental disasters caused by pollution and man-made activities that impact the ecological system. Green buildings represent a significant component of sustainability, as their construction is intended to reduce natural resources consumption through energy and water conservation. Saudi Arabia is one of the world’s richest countries, but its number of certified green buildings is notably low. In addition, all of these buildings are certified by the US Green Building Council LEED rating system and not by a national organization. It seems that numerous barriers exist, slowing the development and diffusion of green buildings in Saudi Arabia. Through a systematic qualitative research approach, this research aims to explore barriers to the diffusion and adoption of green buildings in Saudi Arabia, which will facilitate the development of green buildings in Saudi Arabia. This research concludes the identification of 14 green building barriers, with lack of skilled personal and unsupportive government policies and regulations being the most significant barriers.</p>
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Hwang, Cho, and Moon. "Feasibility Study on Energy Audit and Data Driven Analysis Procedure for Building Energy Efficiency: Bench-Marking in Korean Hospital Buildings." Energies 12, no. 15 (August 3, 2019): 3006. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12153006.
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Growths in population, increasing demand for health care services and comfort levels, together with patients on the rise in time spent inside hospitals, assure the upward trend that energy demand will continue in the future. Since the hospital buildings operate 24 hours, 365 days a year for the treatment and restoration of patients, they are approximately 2–3 times more energy-intensive than normal buildings. For this reason, energy efficiency in hospitals is one of the prime objectives for energy policy at regional, national and international levels. This study aims to find how meaningful energy performance, reflecting good energy management and energy conservation measures (ECMs), can be operated for hospital buildings, a category encompassing complex buildings with different systems and large gaps between them. Energy audit allows us to obtain knowledge from the healthcare facility, in order to define and tune data driven analysis rules. The use of benchmarking in the energy audit of healthcare facilities enables immediate comparison between hospitals. Data driven energy analysis also allows ascertaining their expected energy consumption and estimating the possible savings margin by using the building energy flow chart. In the 2015–2017 periods, bench-marking of four public hospitals in Seoul were audited for the energy consumption related to weather conditions, total area, bed numbers, employee numbers, and analyzed for building energy flow by zones, energy sources, systems and equipment. This is a practice-based learning in a hospital project. The results reveal that the average annual energy consumption of a hospital under normal conditions, and energy efficiency factors are divided into energy baselines, energy consumption goals for energy saving and energy usage trends for setting ECMs, respectively. The indicator dependent on the area of inpatients (number of beds) proved to be the most suitable as a reference to quantify the energy consumption of a hospital.
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Hamza, Neveen, Dalila ElKerdany, John Pendlebury, Sahar Imam, Aliaa AlSadaty, and Tamer ElSerafi. "SUSTAINED LIVEABILITY: A FRAMEWORK BEYOND ENERGY CONSCIOUS BUILDING CONSERVATION OF MARKET HALLS." International Journal of Architectural Research: ArchNet-IJAR 11, no. 3 (November 22, 2017): 119. http://dx.doi.org/10.26687/archnet-ijar.v11i3.1381.
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Market halls are commonly found in contexts of cultural and heritage value. Positioned in urban centres and transport networks, these unique buildings were originally constructed in the 19th century to ensure better food distribution in growing European cities, then copied to other territories such as Egypt. We argue that leaving market halls, with their large spanning structures and indoor open space, for dilapidation is a lost opportunity for sustaining community engagement, and educating the public on the original sustainability, neighbourhood regeneration and cultural thinking that underpinned these buildings. The proposed framework extends current sustainable ‘heritage conservation frameworks’ beyond concepts of adding renewable energy technologies, recycling and sustainable goods movement, to ‘sustaining liveability and social inclusion’. We argue that market halls offer the opportunities to merge the daily activities of buying and selling food with creating local creative economies such as culinary art exhibitions, and culinary schools. The paper consists of two parts: the first discusses the historical urban context of market halls in Cairo; the second proposes a sustainable heritage conservation model for market halls.
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Keeton, Jeffrey M. "The Road to Platinum: Using the USGBC's LEED-EB® Green Building Rating System to Retrofit the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Region 10 Park Place Office Building." Journal of Green Building 5, no. 2 (May 1, 2010): 55–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3992/jgb.5.2.55.
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According to the U.S. Green Building Council (USGBC), buildings account for a significant amount of environmental degradation. The building sector is the number one producer of global CO2 emissions in the U.S., followed by the transportation and industrial sectors.1 (See Figure 1 for the environmental impact of all U.S. buildings.) The concept of green buildings represents a major paradigm shift in the architectural, construction, and engineering fields. As society increasingly switches its appreciation of buildings from merely size and aesthetics toward environmental stewardship and efficiency, the USGBC's LEED Green Building Rating System has become increasingly popular to follow. Since its inception in 2000, the LEED system has been promoting and monitoring green building practices throughout the United States. With a four-tiered rating scheme including LEED Certified, LEED Silver, LEED Gold, and LEED Platinum, the system currently has 35,000 projects already on their way toward certification.2 In particular, the LEED for Existing Buildings (LEED-EB) system looks to retrofit existing buildings into those that are more sustainable, efficient, and environmentally friendly. Doing so significantly reduces the demand for new resources, as construction managers can recycle and reuse building materials and incorporate them into new designs. This truly is the definition of green building and is the way of the future. By implementing green building practices, many of the adverse environmental impacts of buildings can be dramatically reduced, often for only a one to two percent initial cost premium over the price of conventional construction practice.3 Several environmental benefits of green buildings include improving air and water quality, conserving natural resources, and becoming more energy efficient. Sudies have shown that green buildings, compared to normal buildings, can reduce energy use by 24–50 percent, CO2 emissions by 33–39 percent, water use by 40 percent, and solid waste by 70 percent.4 (See Figure 2 for the impact of green commercial buildings compared to the average commercial building.) In fact, if half of all new construction within the U.S. were built to match these percentages, it would be the equivalent of taking more than one million cars off of the road every year.5 Economic benefits include reducing operating costs, improving employee productivity and satisfaction, and optimizing economic performance over the life cycle of the structure.6 Additionally, health and community benefits include enhancing occupant comfort and health, and contributing to an overall positive environmentally-conscious reputation.7 Furthermore, Taryn Holowka states, “people in green buildings have 40-60 percent fewer incidents of colds, flu, and asthma; patients in green hospitals are discharged as much as two and a half days earlier; and kids in green schools increase their test scores by as much as 18 percent.”8 The U.S. EPA's Region 10 Park Place office building in Seattle was built in 1970. Its owner, Washington Holdings, and building manager, Wright Runstad & Company, have been encouraged by the EPA to use innovative energy conservation design, water conservation, waste reduction, stormwater management, and other strategies to make the structure more sustainable. Following the EPA's Green Building Strategy, which states that the EPA aims to strengthen the foundations of green building and raise public awareness of building-related impacts and opportunities, the Park Place building has become only the fifteenth LEED-EB Platinum building in the world, and one of the most impressive nearly-forty-year-old buildings in the entire United States. By using the LEED-EB Platinum green building rating system, the Park Place building management team has been able to successfully lower the building's energy consumption rate, improve its water efficiency, and make many other beneficial changes—all of which demonstrate just how effective the LEED system is at producing higher performance buildings.
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Gutiérrez González, Vicente, Germán Ramos Ruiz, Hu Du, Ana Sánchez-Ostiz, and Carlos Fernández Bandera. "Weather Files for the Calibration of Building Energy Models." Applied Sciences 12, no. 15 (July 22, 2022): 7361. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12157361.
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In the fight against climate change, energy modeling is a key tool used to analyze the performance of proposed energy conservation measures for buildings. Studies on the integration of photovoltaic energy in buildings must use calibrated building energy models, as only with them is the demand curve real, and the savings obtained at the self-consumption level, energy storage in the building, or feed into the grid are accurate. The adjustment process of a calibrated model depends on aspects inherent to the building properties (envelope parameters, internal loads, use schedules) as well as external to them (weather, ground properties, etc.). Naturally, the uncertainty of each is essential to obtaining good results. As for the meteorological data, it is preferable to use data from a weather station located in the building or its surroundings, although this is not always possible due to the cost of the initial investment and its maintenance. As a result, weather stations with public access to their data, such as those located at airports or specific locations in cities, are largely used to perform calibrations of building energy models, making it challenging to converge the simulated model with measured data. This research sheds light on how this obstacle can be overcome by using weather data provided by a third-party company, bridging the gap between reality and energy models. For this purpose, calibrations of the two buildings proposed in Annex 58 were performed with different weather configurations, using the mean absolute error (MAE) uncertainty index and Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient (rho) as comparative measures. An optimal and cost-effective solution was found as an alternative to an on-site weather station, based on the use of a single outdoor temperature sensor in combination with third-party weather data, achieving a robust and reliable building energy model.
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Dong, Yu, Tongyu Qin, Siyuan Zhou, Lu Huang, Rui Bo, Haibo Guo, and Xunzhi Yin. "Comparative Whole Building Life Cycle Assessment of Energy Saving and Carbon Reduction Performance of Reinforced Concrete and Timber Stadiums—A Case Study in China." Sustainability 12, no. 4 (February 19, 2020): 1566. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12041566.
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Many stadiums will be built in China in the next few decades due to increasing public interest in physical exercise and the incentive policies issued by the government under its National Fitness Program. This paper investigates the energy saving and carbon reduction performance of timber stadiums in China in comparison with stadiums constructed using conventional building materials, based on both life cycle energy assessment (LCEA) and life cycle carbon assessment (LCCA). The authors select five representative cities in five climate zones in China as the simulation environment, simulate energy use in the operation phase of stadiums constructed from reinforced concrete (RC) and timber, and compare the RC and timber stadiums in terms of their life cycle energy consumption and carbon emissions. The LCEA results reveal that the energy saving potential afforded by timber stadiums is 11.05%, 12.14%, 8.15%, 4.61% and 4.62% lower than those of RC buildings in “severely cold,” “cold,” “hot summer, cold winter,” “hot summer, warm winter,” and “temperate” regions, respectively. The LCCA results demonstrate that the carbon emissions of timber stadiums are 15.85%, 15.86%, 18.88%, 19.22% and 22.47% lower than those of RC buildings for the regions above, respectively. This demonstrates that in China, timber stadiums have better energy conservation and carbon reduction potential than RC stadiums, based on life cycle assessment. Thus, policy makers are advised to encourage the promotion of timber stadiums in China to achieve the goal of sustainable energy development for public buildings.
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Jun, Yong-Joon, Jin-Ha Yoon, Shin Kim, Young-Hak Song, and Kyung-Soon Park. "The Necessity of Improving the Standard for Thermal Environment in Korean Public Facilities." Energies 13, no. 3 (January 21, 2020): 523. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13030523.
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As one of the energy saving policies, the Korean government has been regulating the indoor thermal environment of public office facilities in Korea, starting with energy conservation measures in 1980. This policy, which is above 28 °C in summer and below 18 °C in winter, is causing discomfort among the occupants. The purpose of this study is to support the need to improve temperature limitation standards of the Korean public office facilities. For this purpose, the standards for the thermal environment in offices of major countries and associations were examined. Subsequently, they were compared with the Korean standards. Additionally, nine buildings of public office facilities in Korea were surveyed on the thermal environment, and PMV measurement was carried out. As a result, most of the buildings that complied with the cooling temperature standard as well as most of the buildings that did not comply were found to be uncomfortable. In conclusion, to improve the comfort of Korean public office facilities in the heating and cooling period, it is necessary to mitigate temperature regulation and regulate additional environmental factors.
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Mungkasa, Oswar M. "GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE IN JAKARTA, BASIC UNDERSTANDING AND IMPLEMENTATION EFFORTS IN INDONESIAN CITIES." Applied Research on Civil Engineering and Environment (ARCEE) 2, no. 01 (August 27, 2020): 28–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.32722/arcee.v2i01.2921.
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The implementation of green infrastructure (GI) in Indonesia accelerated by public awareness of the importance of conservation of natural resources and ecosystems. One of the Indonesian government’s efforts to apply the principles of GI in urban areas in a structured and massive manner is through the Green City Development Program (P2KH) Ministry of Public Works and Public Housing (PUPR). The approach taken is Green Planning and Design, Green Open Space, Green Energy, Green Water, Green Waste, Green Building, Green Transportation, Green Community. The city that is the case study for discussion is Jakarta. Jakarta Smart City, Green Buildings, Urban Agriculture, and Child Friendly Integrated Public Space (RPTRA) are programs that successfully implemented. The implementation GI program easily accepted if based on the community.
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Guo, Nan, Edwin Hon Wan Chan, and Esther Hiu Kwan Yung. "Alternative Governance Model for Historical Building Conservation in China: From Property Rights Perspective." Sustainability 13, no. 1 (December 28, 2020): 203. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13010203.
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With the rapid advancement of urbanisation, the adaptive reuse of heritage plays a key role in achieving sustainable development, which is widely recognised by UNESCO and International Council on Monuments and Sites (ICOMOS). In the process of urban renewal, unclear property rights have seriously hindered the relocation of old houses, compensation and the adaptive reuse of historical buildings, even causing a series of social contradictions, such as violence. Moreover, forced evictions and controversy in dealing with the rights of residents, particularly the so-called ‘nail households’ have attracted public attention. However, few studies have analysed the problems and countermeasures from the perspective of unclear property rights. This study focuses on analysing the unclear property rights of historical buildings to propose an Alternative Governance Model for Historical Building Conservation in China. Founded on the Coase Theorem of externalities and property rights to examine the existing complex property ownership and rights patterns of 63 historical buildings in the famous Pingjiang Historic Block in Suzhou, China, the model provides reasonable and feasible reconstruction schemes for each situation. The operation model can also provide a symbiosis of new and old building solutions for urban renewal in developing countries, which may encounter a similar challenge of urbanisation.
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Christiernsson, Anna, Mia Geijer, and Melina Malafry. "Legal Aspects on Cultural Values and Energy Efficiency in the Built Environment—A Sustainable Balance of Public Interests?" Heritage 4, no. 4 (October 15, 2021): 3507–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/heritage4040194.
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Improved energy efficiency and increased use of renewables within the building stock is crucial to ensure the achievement of international and national climate goals, such as bringing about a carbon neutral society. The existing buildings needs to be retrofitted and heated by renewable energy sources. However, this may lead to conflicts with other sustainability goals, such as the preservation of cultural heritage values within the built environment. The design of the legal system can be assumed to have a decisive role in well-developed Rechtsstaats in how these conflicts are handled. One important criterion for the achievement of overall sustainability objectives is that the legal system as a whole is coherent and without deficits, loopholes, and conflicts contradicting goal fulfilment. Moreover, the norms must be effectively applied and complied with. This article presents and elaborates on deficits in the legal system and its application, in particular within the land use planning and building legislation and the heritage protection law, in handling the conflicts between reaching energy goals while preserving heritage values and achieving a sustainable development. The important deficits identified include the lack of legal requirements on the adoption of holistic approaches and the assurance of adequate knowledge in the planning and building processes. The analyses have been carried out through interdisciplinary cooperation within the research project Law, Sustainable Energy Use and Protection of Heritage (RECO), funded by the Swedish Energy Agency.
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Jones, Birk, and Susan M. Bogus. "Decision Process for Energy Efficient Building Retrofits: The Owner's Perspective." Journal of Green Building 5, no. 3 (August 1, 2010): 131–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3992/jgb.5.3.131.
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The process by which a building owner evaluates and decides upon energy conservation measures (ECMs) for a building retrofit is key towards achieving efficient results. However, many owners rely on unsophisticated evaluation methods, which potentially limits the amount of energy reduced in the commercial building. Reducing energy in the nearly 4.9 million commercial buildings is critical because they account for approximately one fifth of the total energy consumption in the United States. Reducing their energy consumption levels will have significant impacts on energy dependency, Greenhouse Gas emissions (GHG), and operations costs. The decision processes of twelve private and public organizations in New Mexico were evaluated through collective case study research. The processes of each organization were compared and key steps were identified. Then the most used and critical steps were combined to create an integrated decision approach that optimizes cost savings and GHG emission reductions. This integrated decision process involves five main steps: (1) Building Energy Data; (2) Energy Identification and Analysis; (3) Assessment; (4) Design and Planning; and (5) Approval.
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Wu, Yutong, Bin Xin, Hongyu Zhu, and Zifei Ye. "Energy-Saving Operation Strategy for Hotels Considering the Impact of COVID-19 in the Context of Carbon Neutrality." Sustainability 14, no. 22 (November 11, 2022): 14919. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142214919.
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With the advent of the post-epidemic era, the energy consumption characteristics of hotels have changed, which has an important impact on urban energy conservation. In order to contribute to the goal of carbon neutrality, this study discusses the energy-saving operation strategy of hotels considering the impact of the COVID-19 epidemic. Based on the energy consumption characteristics of large public buildings, this paper analyzes the energy consumption distribution and operation characteristics of hotel buildings in detail. By collecting energy consumption data from five typical large hotel buildings in a tourist city in southern China from 2018 to 2022, the impact of COVID-19 on hotel energy consumption and hotel business characteristics was discussed in detail. Combined with the economic development characteristic in the post-epidemic era, this paper explores the energy-saving strategies that hotels can adopt in the context of normalized epidemic prevention and control and obtains the optimal path of low-carbon economic operation of hotel buildings. This study reveals the energy consumption characteristics and energy-saving potential of hotel buildings, and provides enlightenment for hotel management and low-carbon development in the post-epidemic era.
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Chen, Yingjie, Yunfeng Wu, Ning Chen, Chaofeng Kang, Jiabin Du, and Cheng Luo. "Calculation of Energy Consumption and Carbon Emissions in the Construction Stage of Large Public Buildings and an Analysis of Influencing Factors Based on an Improved STIRPAT Model." Buildings 12, no. 12 (December 13, 2022): 2211. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings12122211.
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Compared to general public and residential buildings, large public buildings are often difficult to construct and have a long construction period, creating greater construction energy consumption and carbon emissions on the one hand, while generating a large amount and many types of difficult-to-track process data on the other. As such, it is difficult to measure carbon emissions and analyze various influencing factors. By realizing the simple calculation of energy consumption and carbon emissions, as well as discerning the degree of influence of various factors based on the results of influencing factors research, it is of considerable practical significance to propose energy savings and emission reductions in a targeted manner. In view of the above, this work aimed to establish a more practical calculation method to measure energy consumption and carbon emissions in the construction of large public buildings, as well as to identify the multiple influencing factors related to energy consumption and carbon emissions during the construction process. To demonstrate the practicality of our approach, quantitative calculations are carried out for a new terminal building in a certain place and from the perspective of sustainable urban construction; thus, the driving factors of the traditional STIRPAT model are extended to seven. Based on the calculation results, a modified STIRPAT model is used to analyze the comparative study of impact factors, such as population and construction machinery performance, on energy consumption and carbon emission intensity. The results show the following: (1) The energy consumption value per square meter of this terminal building is 3.43 kgce/m2, and the average carbon emission per square meter is about 13.88 kgCO2/m2, which is much larger than the national average of 6.96 kgCO2/m2, and (2) the type of energy used in the construction process has the greatest degree of influence on energy consumption and carbon emission, and the local GDP, population factor, construction machinery performance specifications, and shift usage also show a positive correlation with the growth of total energy consumption and carbon emissions. Moreover, while the government’s continuous investment in energy conservation and environmental protection has reduced the total energy consumption and carbon emissions in construction, there is still considerable room for improvement. Finally, according to the results, we provide theoretical references and constructive suggestions for the low-carbon construction of large public buildings in the construction stage. Thus, the results of our study will allow policy makers to formulate appropriate policies.
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Lu, Xiao Lin, and Lei Wang. "Study on Energy-Consumption Management and Energy-Saving Analysis System for the Large Public Building Based on WebAccess." Advanced Materials Research 374-377 (October 2011): 141–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.374-377.141.
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Aim at the current situation of high energy-consumption of the large public building，proposed a WebAccess–based energy-consumption management and energy-saving analysis system.And it be used Zigbee distributed energy consumption measurement net for data remote transmission. The status of energy consumption in the future can be predicted through energy-consumption databases and energy-consumption models were built. The system can real time monitor and manage the energy-consumption status in large public constructions. It can provide a favorable foundation not only for energy conservation and reformation of those completed large public building, but also for energy conserved operation and supervision of those new constructions. This can help to achieve the goal of energy conservation and energy-consumption reduction in large public building.
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Ganguly, Shashwat, Fan Wang, and Michael Browne. "Comparative methods to assess renovation impact on indoor hygrothermal quality in a historical art gallery." Indoor and Built Environment 28, no. 4 (July 8, 2018): 492–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1420326x18785791.
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This paper presents a set of methods for renovation impact assessment of indoor hygrothermal conditions in a culturally significant historical building, functioning as an art gallery. A new parameter, Renovation Impact Index (RII), was developed and used for the assessment. The RII is defined as the performance gradient of indoor hygrothermal conditions over two annual periods, the year before and the year after the renovations. The performances of the two most critical parameters to artwork conservation – temperature (T) and relative humidity (RH) – were assessed with respect to conservation specifications. RII was defined over two windows: tight set points specified in the BS 5454 : 2000 Conservation Standard and a relaxed strategy for energy saving potential. ‘Global’ Performance Index was obtained as a combined effect of T and RH. A seasonal analysis was undertaken for detailed study of renovation impact on individual seasons. Results identified the positive effects of the renovation solutions, with the indoor environment then being less influenced by outdoor weather changes. In addition to energy savings of 27%, the positive RII estimate showed quantitative improvement in hygrothermal performance. The proposed methods can be extended to other renovation projects in similar buildings to assist building managers to target future improvements.
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Booth, Colin A., Sona Rasheed, Abdul-Majeed Mahamadu, Rosemary Horry, Patrick Manu, Kwasi Gyau Baffour Awuah, Emmanuel Aboagye-Nimo, and Panagiotis Georgakis. "Insights into Public Perceptions of Earthship Buildings as Alternative Homes." Buildings 11, no. 9 (August 25, 2021): 377. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings11090377.
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Sustainable futures necessitate a concomitant requirement for both sustainable buildings and sustainable behaviours under one roof. The defining principles behind Earthship buildings are to promote the use of local, recycled, waste, natural and renewable materials in their construction, for the adoption of a passive solar design for internal heating/cooling, collection of rainwater as a potable water supply, and encourage the onsite recycling of used water for plants to aid food production. However, despite growth in Earthship buildings constructed across many countries of the world, their appeal has not yet made a noticeable contribution to mainstream housing. Therefore, this study is the first to attempt to explore public perceptions towards the benefits and barriers of Earthship buildings as a means of understanding their demand by potential home builders/owners. Opinions were sought through questionnaire surveys completed by visitors to the Brighton Earthship building. Results reveal that the public believe that the reclamation of rainwater and greywater, renewable energy consumption and use of recycled materials included in the design/build are the major benefits of Earthship buildings, whilst the opportunity for a modern living style in a conservative lifestyle/setting, having a building that is cheaper than an ordinary home and the possibility of living totally off grid are considered the least beneficial reasons for building Earthship homes. Results also reveal that the public believe acquiring necessary permits/permissions to build may be more complicated, securing financial support (mortgage/loan) may be more challenging, and identifying/attaining suitable building plots are major barriers of Earthship buildings, whilst the futuristic/alternative building design, being built from waste materials and being entirely dependent on renewable resources (rainfall/wind/sunshine) are considered the least important barriers to building Earthship homes. Notwithstanding the participants included in this study already having an interest in Earthship buildings/lifestyles, it is concluded that the general public deem the general principles of Earthships as an acceptable choice of building/living but it is the formal means of building or buying an Earthship home that is the greatest hurdle against the uptake of Earthship buildings. Therefore, if sustainable futures are to be realized, it is proposed that a shift away from traditional house building towards Earthship building will require the involvement of all stakeholders immersed in the building process (architects, planners, builders, investors, lawyers) to path an easier journey for Earthship buildings and sustainable living.