Journal articles on the topic 'Public broadcasting Australia'
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1
Brown, Allan, and Catherine Althaus. "Public Service Broadcasting in Australia." Journal of Media Economics 9, no. 1 (January 1996): 31–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s15327736me0901_4.
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Rando, Gaetano. "Broadcasting in Italy: Democracy and Monopoly of the Airwaves." Media Information Australia 40, no. 1 (May 1986): 39–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878x8604000109.
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Australia, as compered with some overseas countries, has a stable and continuous radio and television history. The price has been the creation of an oligopolistic commercial sector which is much stronger than the national broadcaster, the Australian Broadcasting Corporation. Public (community) broadcasting is still confined to a sector starved of funds; public TV still a pipedream. Ethnic radio and multicultural television, through the Special Broadcasting Service, have a short history which is far from smooth and under constant threat for TV to be merged with the ABC.
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Rutherford, Leonie. "The ABC, the Australian Children's Television Foundation and the Emergence of Digital Children's Television in Australia." Media International Australia 151, no. 1 (May 2014): 5–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878x1415100103.
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This article analyses the campaign to establish terrestrial digital children's public service broadcasting in Australia. It finds that the development of the Australian Broadcasting Corporation's digital children's channel (ABC3), an initiative initially embraced somewhat opportunistically, enabled an expansion strategy for the public service broadcaster that ultimately helped determine the shape of its current digital channel portfolio. Contrasting the collective and divergent interpretations of future audience behaviours and needs developed by the Australian Children's Television Foundation (ACTF) and the ABC, it argues that both organisations developed strategies and made policy decisions that were influential in conditioning the current digital television ecology.
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Bowen, Jennifer. "Riding the Waves: Professor T. H. Laby as Imperial Scientist and Radio Visionary." Historical Records of Australian Science 28, no. 2 (2017): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/hr17003.
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Thomas Laby, Professor of Natural Philosophy at the University of Melbourne 1915–1942, was an outspoken proponent of science broadcasting during the years when broadcast radio was developing in Australia. While earlier biographical studies have paid some attention to Laby's role in public affairs, there has been no discussion of his sustained advocacy for radio as a means of public education. This article shows how his position was supported by, and in turn enriched, his imperial politics as well as his commitment to scientific research; it draws on a range of archival materials from public hearings, the Australian Broadcasting Commission, and Australian universities. It shows Laby's remarkable grasp of a medium in its formative years, as well as his belief in the need for scientists to participate in social debate.
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Vujanic, Ana. "The future of the Australian Broadcasting Corporation in Australia’s ‘chilling’ mediascape." Australian Journalism Review 43, no. 1 (June 1, 2021): 115–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/ajr_00060_7.
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Two decades after Pierre Bourdieu published On Television and Journalism chronicling the decline of French public broadcasting and serious news, Australia’s national broadcaster, the Australian Broadcasting Corporation (ABC), is in the throes of a similar decline. Besieged by a combination of funding cuts, allegations of political interference, pressure from the commercial media sector, nepotism and legislative frameworks at both federal and state levels that have sent a chill through Australian journalism, the ABC is facing challenging times. Through long-form interviews with journalists and senior bureau figures from the ABC Brisbane Bureau, this study seeks to gauge the extent to which the landscape for conducting public interest journalism in Australia has changed since 2018 and what the future of the ABC may look like.
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Dempster, Quentin. "Bullying the public broadcaster: Threatening the ABC's role." Pacific Journalism Review : Te Koakoa 10, no. 1 (April 1, 2004): 173–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/pjr.v10i1.788.
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Public broadcasting in Australia has been under sustained attack for around 18-years now, both politically and through reduced funding. Although the Fraser Government (1975-1983) enacted legislation converting the ABC from the old broadcasting commission into a corporation (with its own borrowing and corporate treasury powers), the then Malcolm/Fraser/Doug/Anthony Liberal/National Coalition Government did not seem to hold more than the usual superficial grudges about our current affairs programmes' treatment of some of their practitioners.
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Bowen, Jennifer. "Take your partners: Media, government and public participation in the 1930s campaigns against censorship in Australia." Australian Journalism Review 42, no. 2 (November 1, 2020): 279–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/ajr_00040_1.
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Censorship has had a long tradition in Australia, affecting books, films, theatre and artworks. In the 1930s, opposition to it began to be organized: this was initially a reaction to the banning of imported print material on the grounds of ‘indecency’ or sedition, but it was followed by protests against the political interference of radio broadcasts. These campaigns for freedom of expression on the air and in print invoked similar principles, as well as sharing leadership and tactics; while newspapers alerted the public to the issue of censorship, such commentary was also deployed to influence perceptions of the changing media landscape brought about by the development of public broadcasting. This article argues that 1930s activism over censorship prepared the ground for the expectation of impartial news reporting by the public broadcaster, the Australian Broadcasting Commission. It also demonstrates the advantage of considering diverse forms of media in tandem and sheds additional light on the role of the public in pursuit of the right of Australian citizens to hear opinion free from government interference and proprietorial diktat.
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Davis, Glyn. "Federalism Versus Centralisation: Organizational Design and Public Broadcasting in America and Australia." Journal of Public Policy 10, no. 2 (April 1990): 195–219. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0143814x00004815.
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ABSTRACTFollowing Wildavsky's argument that a federal bias is often the best principle for organising public policy, this study compares two national public broadcasting systems: the diffuse pattern of multiple agencies used in the United States of America and the highly centralized design employed in Australia. The paper examines whether each structure can respond to an audience while resisting the partisan demands of politicians. Significant advantages are found in the American model, though the question arises of whether participation and editorial independence in public broadcasting are bought at the cost of efficiency and effectiveness.
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Lloyd, Justine. "“A Girdle of Thought Thrown around the World”." Feminist Media Histories 5, no. 3 (2019): 168–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/fmh.2019.5.3.168.
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This article outlines impulses toward internationalism in women's programming during the twentieth century at two public service broadcasters: the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (CBC) in Canada and the Australian Broadcasting Commission (ABC) in Australia. These case studies show common patterns as well as key differences in the establishment of an international frame for the modern domestic sphere. Research conducted in paper and audio recording archives relating to nonfiction programming for women demonstrates pervasive tensions between women's international versus national solidarities. The article argues that these contradictions must be highlighted—rather than papered over in a simplistic understanding of such programming as reflecting a binary domestic ideology of private versus public, home versus world—to fully understand media history and cultural memory from a gendered perspective.
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Meagher, Bruce. "SBS: Is There a Role for a Multicultural Broadcaster in 2009 and beyond?" Media International Australia 133, no. 1 (November 2009): 19–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878x0913300105.
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This article notes that the degree of retreat from multiculturalism in public policy in Australia since the mid-1990s has challenged the rationales for government support for the Special Broadcasting Service, and presents the case for ongoing community and government support for SBS in terms of its distinctive contribution to public debates within Australia, and Australia's place in the world. It is noted that this is not uniquely a function of its news and current affairs programs, but is seen across a suite of programming ranging from documentaries to locally produced drama, light entertainment and comedy. It also emphasises the language support remit for SBS, and some of the new challenges faced in supporting communities for recently arrived refugees into Australia.
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Gaber, Ivor, and Rodney Tiffen. "Politics and the media in Australia and the United Kingdom: parallels and contrasts." Media International Australia 167, no. 1 (April 10, 2018): 27–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878x18766721.
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Australia and Britain share many common aspects in their democratic political and media systems, but there are also important differences. Perhaps the single most important media difference is that television has been a much more important element in the UK political communication system than it has been in Australia. The British Broadcasting Corporation is a much bigger and more central institution than the Australian Broadcasting Corporation, and commercial TV in Britain has a much stronger public service mandate. The British press has a national structure which can give it a substantive collective role, although its right-wing dominance means it has been a less-than-benign influence on public life. Both countries are facing rapid changes, with partisan political divisions in flux and the digital environment disrupting traditional media models. In this article, we seek to interrogate the commonalities and differences between the media and political systems operating in Australia and the United Kingdom. After tracing some important differences in their institutional structures, the dominant theme of our later analysis is that in both systems, and in both countries, the overarching narrative is one of disruption. And we pose the question – Will the current disruptions widen or narrow these differences?
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Meadows, Michael, Susan Forde, Jacqui Ewart, and Kerrie Foxwell. "A Quiet Revolution: Australian Community Broadcasting Audiences Speak Out." Media International Australia 129, no. 1 (November 2008): 20–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878x0812900104.
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Around four million listeners in an average week tune into community radio stations around Australia, primarily to hear local news and information — evidence of a failure by mainstream media to meet their diverse needs. This discussion draws from the first qualitative study of the Australian community broadcasting sector to explore the role being played by community radio and television from the perspectives of their audiences. The authors argue that community broadcasting at the level of the local is playing a crucial role in the democratic process by fostering citizen participation in public life. This suggests a critique of mainstream media approaches and the central place of audience research in understanding the nature of the empowering relationships and processes involved. The authors argue that the nature of community broadcasting aligns it more closely with the complex ‘local talk’ narratives at the community level, which play a crucial role in creating public consciousness. They suggest that this quiet revolution has highlighted the nature of the audience–producer relationship as a defining characteristic of community media.
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Andrews, Kylie. "Broadcasting inclusion and advocacy: a history of female activism and cross-cultural partnership at the post-war ABC." Media International Australia 174, no. 1 (September 18, 2019): 97–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878x19876331.
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During the first decade of television in Australia, a cohort of female broadcasters used their hard-won positions at the Australian Broadcasting Commission (ABC) to challenge the social and cultural complacencies of post-war society. Counteracting the assumption that women were largely absent in post-war broadcasting, this research discusses how two of these producers used their roles as public broadcasters to enact their own version of feminism, a social and cultural activism framed through active citizenship. Critiquing race, gender and national identity in their programmes, they partnered with Indigenous Australian activists and worked to amplify the voices of minorities. Referring to documentaries produced in Australian television’s formative years, this article describes how ABC producers Therése Denny and Joyce Belfrage worked to disrupt programming cultures that privileged homogeneous Anglo-Australian perspectives. As a consequence, documentaries like A Changing Race (1964) presented empathetic and evocative content that challenged xenophobic stereotypes and encouraged cross-cultural understandings.
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Chubb, Philip, and Chris Nash. "The Politics of Reporting Climate Change at the Australian Broadcasting Corporation." Media International Australia 144, no. 1 (August 2012): 37–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878x1214400107.
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This article examines a particular moment in journalism at the Australian Broadcasting Corporation, with the aim of elucidating the link between public-sector journalism and political controversy in the recent Australian response to climate change. The particular moment in question involved the reporting of visits to Australia in early 2010 by two international commentators on anthropogenic climate change, Christopher Monckton and James Hansen, and an unprecedented attack by the chairman of the ABC on the professional performance of ABC journalists in reporting on this issue. We use this case study to canvass the explanatory merits of several scholarly perspectives on journalistic bias: the well-known ‘balance as bias’ argument by the Boykoffs (2004), the less well-known but incisive ‘independence/ impartiality couplet’ argument by Stuart Hall (1976) and Bourdieusian field analysis.
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Mencinsky, Nadia, and Belinda Mullen. "Regulation of Children's Television in Australia: Past and Present." Media International Australia 93, no. 1 (November 1999): 27–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878x9909300105.
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The provision of quality television programming made specifically for children has been a significant issue in Australia since television was introduced. From 1979, specific requirements have been in place to ensure children have access to a variety of quality television programs made specifically for them, including Australian drama and non-drama programs. This article traces the development of these requirements and how they have led to the current Children's Television Standards (CTS). The Children's Television Standards (CTS), administered by the Australian Broadcasting Authority (ABA), are widely regarded in Australia and overseas as a notable example — if not benchmark — for how to regulate children's television in the public interest. The article also examines some key trends in programming since 1979 and identifies areas of the standards which are problematic and/or might need to be revised to ensure the expected outcomes are still being achieved.
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Flew, Terry. "From ‘Taste and Standards’ to Structural Pluralism: Activism in the Australian Media Policy Process." Media International Australia 99, no. 1 (May 2001): 35–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878x0109900107.
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This paper traces the emergence of media policy reform activism in Australia around media content regulations for commercial broadcasting, from 1953 to 1976. Its focus is on processes of participation in public inquiries, and the ways in which these were manifestations of what Anna Yeatman (1998) has termed ‘activism in the policy process’. It finds evidence that such processes facilitated the emergence of more wide-ranging campaigns for media reform in the 1970s, but also finds that the extent to which such trends can be seen as applying a logic of ‘governmentality’ to broadcast media has in practice been limited by the predominantly commercial nature of the Australian broadcasting system, the conduct of regulatory agencies and their proneness to ‘regulatory capture’, and the extent to which the demands of media critics could be translated into implementable policies.
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Madsen, Virginia. "Innovation, women’s work and the documentary impulse: pioneering moments and stalled opportunities in public service broadcasting in Australia and Britain." Media International Australia 162, no. 1 (November 24, 2016): 19–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878x16678933.
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This article explores the roles of some of the key women producers, broadcasters and writers who were able to work within the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) and Australian Broadcasting Corporation (ABC) from their foundational periods to the 1950s. Despite the predominantly male culture of radio broadcasting from the 1920s to the 1970s, this article considers the significance and long-term impacts of some of these overlooked female pioneers at the forefront of developing a range of new reality and ‘talk’ forms and techniques. While the article draws on primary BBC research, it also aims to address these openings, cultures and roles as they existed historically for women in the ABC. How did the ABC compare in its foundational period? Significantly, this paper contrasts the two organisations in the light of their approaches to modernity, arguing that BBC features, the department it engendered, and the traditions it influenced, had far reaching impacts; one of these relating to those opportunities opened for women to develop entirely new forms of media communication: the unrehearsed interview and actuality documentary programmes.
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Giotis, Chrisanthi. "Dismantling the Deadlock: Australian Muslim Women’s Fightback against the Rise of Right-Wing Media." Social Sciences 10, no. 2 (February 13, 2021): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/socsci10020071.
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In Australia, as in other multicultural countries, the global Islamophobic discourse linking Muslims to terrorists to refugees results in the belief of an “enemy within”, which fractures the public sphere. Muslim minorities learn to distrust mainstream media as the global discourse manifests in localised right-wing discussion. This fracturing was further compounded in 2020 with increased media concentration and polarisation. In response, 12 young Australian Muslim women opened themselves up to four journalists working for the Australian Broadcasting Corporation (ABC). They engaged in critical journalism research called Frame Reflection Interviews (FRIs). The process gave journalists important knowledge around the power dynamics of Islamophobia and empowered participants to help shape new media discourses tackling Islamophobia. This paper proposes that the FRIs are one method to rebuild trust in journalism while redistributing risk towards the journalists. These steps are necessary to build a normatively cosmopolitan global public sphere capable of breaking the discursive link between refugees and terrorism and fighting back against the rise of the far right.
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Rennie, Ellie, and Daniel Featherstone. "‘The Potential Diversity of Things We Call TV’: Indigenous Community Television, Self-Determination and Nitv." Media International Australia 129, no. 1 (November 2008): 52–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878x0812900107.
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The National Indigenous Television (NITV) service was launched in July 2007. NITV's public service broadcasting model has arrived after two decades of successful community-based enterprise. Indigenous groups, guided by policies of self-determination, developed a robust grassroots media system based on community ownership and regional collaboration. The arrival of NITV raised important questions for the sector. Can locally sourced content provide the levels of leadership and national unity achieved by public service media during the broadcast era? How can Indigenous media play a greater role in the Australian public sphere? Can locally controlled media offer national narratives? Where does industry development begin and end? As the Indigenous media sector faces up to these issues, two distinct approaches are emerging. One presents a unified picture of Indigenous Australia; the other enables diverse groups to tell their own stories. This paper examines the tensions and possibilities of the new Indigenous media landscape by looking back at the self-determination governance model of the past.
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Nobes, Karen, and Susan Kerrigan. "White noise." Alphaville: Journal of Film and Screen Media, no. 24 (December 20, 2022): 79–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.33178/alpha.24.05.
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First Nations content on commercial Australian television drama is rare and First Nations content makers rarely produce the content we see. Despite a lack of presence on commercial drama platforms there has been, and continues to be, a rich array of First Nations content on Australian public broadcast networks. Content analysis by Screen Australia, the Federal Government agency charged with supporting Australian screen development, production and promotion, aggregates information across the commercial and non-commercial (public broadcasting) platforms which dilutes the non-commercial output. The research presented in this article focused on the systemic processes of commercial Australian television drama production to provide a detailed analysis of the disparity of First Nations content between commercial and non-commercial television. The study engaged with First Nations and non-Indigenous Australian writers, directors, producers, casting agents, casting directors, heads of production, executive producers, broadcast journalists, former channel managers and independent production company executive directors—all exemplars in their fields—to interrogate production processes, script to screen, contributing to inclusion or exclusion of First Nations content in commercial television drama. Our engagement with industry revealed barriers to the inclusion of First Nations stories, and First Nations storytelling, occurring across multiple stages of commercial Australian television drama production.
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Keyzer, Patrick. "Freedom of speech issues in Peach v Toohey and a hypothetical variant of that case." Pacific Journalism Review : Te Koakoa 10, no. 1 (April 1, 2004): 139–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/pjr.v10i1.784.
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The purpose of this article is to consider the tensions within Australian free speech jurisprudence based on a hypothetical variant of the facts of the decision of the Supreme Court of the Northen Territory in Peach v Toohey. In particular, this article briefly explores the competing legal interests that operate when journalists seek access to restricted areas, in this case aborginal land, in the course of an investigation. After considering the case and the issues it raises the author develops a hypothetical that draws out some of the deeper tensions in this area of the law. The article concludes with proposals for new apporoaches to the test developed by the High Court of Australia in Lange v Australian Broadcasting Corporation for the balancing of freedom to discuss political and governmental affairs—including the public right to know — against other legitimate objectives such as the maintence of property rights and the privacy interests that can be associated with propety rights.
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STEVENS, LARA. "‘Sometimes Uncomfortable, Sometimes Arousing’: The Slow Dramaturgy of Casey Jenkins's Craftivist Performances." Theatre Research International 41, no. 2 (June 7, 2016): 168–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0307883316000079.
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From mid-October to mid-November 2013, Australian performance artist Casey Jenkins sat for twenty-eight days in a gallery in Darwin, far North Australia, knitting a scarf from a ball of wool lodged in her vagina. Parts of the performance of Casting Off My Womb were filmed by the public broadcasting service SBS2, and aired in late November 2013 as a two-minute-and-forty-eight-second video clip re-titled Vaginal Knitting. The clip went viral on YouTube, with over seven million views as of March 2016, and received extensive media attention. Casting Off My Womb attracted global public interest because Jenkins continued to knit throughout the days of her period, weaving her menstrual blood into the artwork. The performance elicited strong responses from its global viewing public. While some people praised the work, many online spectators wrote vicious, derisive and personal attacks on Jenkins for displaying her menstrual blood in a public place. This article uses Matthew Goulish's methodology of ‘slow thinking’ as a counterresponse to the impulsive reactions of the online spectators and as a means to register the powerful and incremental energy and effects of Jenkins's feminist performance.
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Gould, Liz. "Cash and Controversy: A Short History of Commercial Talkback Radio." Media International Australia 122, no. 1 (February 2007): 81–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878x0712200113.
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While many scholars rightly point to the contemporary influence of talkback radio as an increasingly prominent platform for civic and political debate, as talkback radio approaches its fortieth anniversary, little is known about the history and development of the format. It was in 1967 that metropolitan radio stations in Australia rushed to embrace a ‘new’ radio programming format, as talkback radio became formally — and finally — legally permissible. However, the documented history of commercial talkback in Australia began many years earlier and has been punctuated by frequent clashes between radio programmers and broadcasting regulators over issues relating to the nature of programming content. As a platform for the discussion of contemporary social issues, talkback has thrived by courting controversy and debate. The commercial talkback radio format has supported the rise of a small, but highly prominent, group of men and continues to be strongly guided by economic imperatives, as witnessed in recent developments such as the ‘cash for comment’ affair. This article details the growth of metropolitan commercial talkback radio in Australia over the last four decades and looks at the extent to which public policy and economic influences have shaped the development of the format.
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Wilding, Derek, and Sacha Molitorisz. "Improving news media oversight: Why Australia needs a cross-platform standards scheme." Australian Journalism Review 44, no. 1 (June 1, 2022): 19–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/ajr_00086_1.
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Australia currently has fourteen standards schemes that oversee journalists and news media, making for both duplication and inconsistency. The result is a torn and frayed patchwork leaving broadcasting heavily regulated but some areas of online content without any applicable standards or clear avenues for consumer complaint. In this article, we describe Australia’s confusion of news media standards schemes amid the global challenges to media oversight in a digital age, including from the algorithmically driven delivery of news via social media and other digital services. We argue that internationally the ongoing disruption of news media is being accompanied by a parallel disruption of news media standards schemes. This creates significant uncertainty, particularly since citizens and journalists have contrasting expectations about news media oversight. However, this uncertainty also presents an opportunity for reform. We then draw on international scholarship and regulatory developments to make four high-level arguments. First, Australia should implement a coherent cross-platform standards scheme to cover news content on TV, on radio, in print and online. Second, digital services and platforms ought to be brought under this scheme in their role as distributors and amplifiers of news, but not as ‘publishers’. Third, this scheme ought to have oversight of algorithms. And fourth, citizens ought to be afforded a greater role in the operation of this scheme, which has significant potential to serve the public interest by improving public discourse.
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Ellis, Gavin. "Different strokes for different folk: Regulatory distinctions in New Zealand media." Pacific Journalism Review : Te Koakoa 11, no. 2 (September 1, 2005): 63–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/pjr.v11i2.1053.
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For much of the past century there was broad acceptance of the stark contrast between the state’s involvement in the regulation of the content of broadcasting and its laissez-faire relationship with the columns of the press. The ‘failed market’ argument that substantiated regulation of the airwaves was difficult to counter. Fundamental changes in technology and media markets have, however, rendered the rationale open to challenge. Some aspects of the ‘failed market’, such as frequency scarcity, simply do not apply in the digital age. This article examines the nature of media regulation in New Zealand, noting its similarity to the dichotomous approach in Britain, Canada and Australia but also its divergence toward a more neoliberal market model that largely limits statutory oversight to matters that fall broadly into the categories of morals and ethics. It argues that, given the New Zealand government’s decision more than 15 years ago to forego regulation of ownership or the mechanisms that would serve the public good aspirations of a Reithian model, the continuing role of the state in regulation of broadcasting is questionable. A replacement model could be based on an effective regulatory body already present in the New Zealand media industry—the Advertising Standards Authority
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Goldsmith, Ben, Stuart Cunningham, and Michael Dezuanni. "Screen production for education: digital disruption in an ‘ancillary’ market." Media International Australia 162, no. 1 (November 16, 2016): 65–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878x16678082.
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The thoroughgoing digital disruption of the entertainment-based screen industries has now been well documented. But the factors that drive such disruption are in no way unique to mainstream media industries. The distribution and use of screen content in education in many ways parallel the experience of the broader screen industries. Just as traditional entertainment and information are being challenged by new online services, so too traditional modes of distributing and accessing screen content in education are being disrupted by online services. This article analyses these dynamics in Australia, placing them in historical perspective and using three contrasting case studies to exemplify key aspects of the digital disruption of education: ABC Splash exemplifies the public service broadcasting (PSB) ‘tutelage’ model; YouTube exemplifies digital disruption— immensely popular despite numerous education authorities’ attempts to restrict access to it; and ClickView exemplifies the ‘born digital’ company employing advanced technology, business strategy, and professional pedagogics.
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Gomes, Catherine. "Living in a Parallel Society." Journal of International Students 10, no. 1 (February 15, 2020): xiii—xv. http://dx.doi.org/10.32674/jis.v10i1.1850.
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Whenever I write an opinion piece in any online media outlet about international students in Australia, I brace myself for the responses that appear in the comments section below the article. Often, a repeated complaint is that international students refuse to engage with local culture and society and hence keep to themselves by hanging out with co-nationals and speaking their native languages. While the general public in Australia does not engage in open conflict with international students over such grievances, they will instead discuss these anonymously online and with each other. Often these grievances have public airing through the media (e.g., Australian Broadcasting Corporation’s Four Corners episodes “Degrees of Deception,” 2015, and “Cash Cows,” 2019) or for political point scoring by Australian politicians (e.g., Senator Pauline Hanson of the right-wing, nationalist and anti-immigration party One Nation; Kainth, 2018).
However, the reception international students receive in terms of the attitudes of the citizenry unsurprisingly does not assist in any way in helping them feel a sense of belonging to their host country Australia. In 2013 I interviewed 47 Asian international students in the Australian city of Melbourne on their self-perceived identities, social networks, and engagements with media and communication technologies, in order to understand how they create a sense of belonging for themselves while overseas (Gomes,2015, 2017). The results revealed that international students create a parallel society with other international students in order to cope with living in a foreign country without the familiarity of family or loved ones who they left behind. While this parallel society allows international students to create a sense of community in Australia, its side effect is a perceived distancing from local society.
An International Student Parallel Society
International students strongly identify themselves more so as international students than their nationality. A student from India, for instance, explained that while in Australia, he prefers to be identified as an international student rather than by his nationality. Taking this point further, a student from Vietnam explained that while he is proud of his nationality, he prefers not to reveal that he is from Vietnam for fear of any negative assumptions the citizenry make about Vietnamese people. These negative assumptions he felt, would then be translated into ways the citizenry might treat him.
At the same time, the Asian international students also revealed that they did not consider ethnicity as significant to them. This was played out interestingly in how they viewed Asian Australians. Here the students felt that they had very little in common with Asians who were born or grew up in Australia. An international student from China explained that Australians of ethnic Chinese descent or ABCs (Australian-born Chinese) as she called them, were more Australian than they were Chinese. Meanwhile an Indian student undertaking postgraduate study vividly explained that he thought Indian-Australians were “not true Indians.” He said that while they may look like him, they were significantly different because he considered Indian-Australians culturally Australian and not culturally Indian. These responses are not surprising. In a separate study where colleagues and I surveyed 6,699 international students in Australia on who made up their friendship circles, we found that less than 1% of international students were friends with Australians who were of the same ethnicity as them (Gomes et al., 2015).
International students identifying themselves according to their status as foreigners studying in Australia also provides itself to be a beacon for the development of friendships with other international students. The Asian international students interviewed revealed that their friendship circles were made up of fellow international students who were co-nationals in the first instance, which was followed by international students from the Asian region, and then, to a lesser extent, international students from elsewhere. These friendship circles contribute to the parallel society international students inhabit where they exist, occupy, and mimic Australian communities but do not integrate with them. For instance, international students may adopt and recreate Australian cultural practices that involve their friendship circles (e.g., having backyard barbeque parties) but do not integrate with Australian societies (e.g., the backyard barbeque parties are made up solely of fellow international students).
In addition, forming friendships with fellow international students rather than with local communities has practical benefits. For instance, international students revealed that their local peers were unable to advise them on the everyday challenges they faced especially when they first arrive to Australia such as how to open bank accounts and where to find dependable Asian grocery shops. Clearly being friends with international students is important, if not necessary.
Conclusion
The significance of international student friendships during their study experience is enduring, if not complex. While international students may form a parallel society, they do so in order to feel a sense of belonging in Australia rather than to Australia. Though this is unsurprising, the challenge that emerges affects those international students wanting to stay longer through further study, work, or permanently reside. Not integrating somewhat into Australian society may have consequences for students in terms of their long-term plans (e.g., employment) primarily because they have not tapped into local networks.
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Akel, William. "Privacy and the global media in the information age." Pacific Journalism Review : Te Koakoa 13, no. 1 (April 1, 2007): 40–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/pjr.v13i1.883.
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The protection of privacy is being increasingly recognised worldwide by the courts, and media regulators, as a result of what is seen as a more powerful and intrusive media, and the effect of the internet. A right to privacy may even apply in a public place. This article examines the impact this has on the media in the information age? New Zealand now has a tort of interference with privacy. The criminal courts are also considering privacy values in issues ranging from suppression orders to release of court information to the public. The Broadcasting Standards Authority has revised its privacy principles. Codes of conduct with regard to the print media also acknowledge privacy. But the protection of privacy has its genesis in the 1890s and not in the digital age. A seminal article by Warren and Brandeis, ‘The Right to Privacy’ (1890), was a reaction to what was at that time seen as an over-powerful media. United States jurisprudence evolved to the Prosser and Keeton formulation in the 1960s. New Zealand jurisprudence has relied on this formulation to advance privacy rights. The English courts have taken a similar approach in the much publicised Douglas v Hello! and Naomi Campbell cases. The European courts, as a reaction to an overactive paparazzi, have pushed the bounds of privacy in the Peck and Princess Caroline cases. The High Court of Australia considered privacy in Lenah Game Meats Pty Ltd. Finally, the International Covenants and protection of privacy.
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Burrell, Sarah. "Extra-interior." idea journal 18, no. 01 (August 31, 2021): 151–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.37113/ij.v18i01.435.
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This article responds to the challenges facing creative practitioners whose work engages with aspects of ‘public’ provoked by the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. The temporary physical closures of established creative infrastructures such as galleries, museums and festivals have disrupted the traditional dynamics of production and reception. This presents both challenges and opportunities for artists and designers to develop new forms of creative engagement with public audiences and spaces. The confinement of people to a 5-kilometre radius during extended lockdowns in Melbourne, Australia in 2020 prompted a reflection on the opportunities of the ‘local’ as a particular context for creative practice. This restriction imposed a perimeter that brought people’s day- to-day lives into an enclosed loop and produced what could be thought of as a form of interior. In this period, ordinary domestic and local spaces — for example the home office or studio gained manifold functions for many creative practitioners, including as a space for self- initiated public presentations of their work. In several cases, windows, balconies, and doorways became thresholds for interaction with passers-by. This self-broadcasting situation provided an opportunity for practitioners to play an active role in cultivating new relations and forms of publicity from a localised setting. In this article, these shifts in practice are investigated through a critical reflection on a series of spatial interventions within a street-facing window of a studio space in Brunswick, Melbourne, an inner-city suburb where residential streets mix with spaces of industrial and creative production. The liminal space of the window became a way to speculate on the concept of thresholds between diverse conditions, including public and private, art and the everyday, urban and local, and interior and exterior. These investigations engaged with a ‘makeshift’ mode of practice, leading to the production of extra-ordinary interior conditions.
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Green, Murray. "Educational Broadcasting in Australian Public Radio." Media Information Australia 41, no. 1 (August 1986): 36–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878x8604100111.
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Public broadcasting stations were established in the early 1970s to service specialist needs not met by existing electronic media. 2MBS in Sydney pioneered subscription-supported fine music radio while 5UV at the University of Adelaide was established for the purpose of Continuing Education.
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Potter, Anna. "You've Been Pranked: Reality Tv, National Identity and the Privileged Status of Australian Children's Drama." Media International Australia 146, no. 1 (February 2013): 25–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878x1314600106.
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Australian children have always been considered a special television audience. In November 2009, Australia's public service broadcaster the ABC launched Australia's first dedicated free-to-air children's channel. Within a year of its launch, ABC3's most popular program was a local version of the transnational reality format, Prank Patrol. The popularity of reality television with children challenges policy settings, including the Children's Television Standards (CTS), that privilege drama in the expression of the goals of cultural nationalism. While public service broadcasting ideology is expressed and applied to Australian commercial free-to-air channels through the CTS, public service media compete with pay TV channels for the child audience using a range of genres. Thus contemporary Australian children's television is characterised by an abundance of supply, pan-platform delivery and a policy regime that has remained largely unchanged since the late 1970s.
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Law, Michael. "Public Radio: Where is it Headed and Will it Get There?" Media Information Australia 41, no. 1 (August 1986): 31–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878x8604100110.
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Public broadcasting is the third sector of Australian broadcasting, the non-government and non-profit sector. From small beginnings in 1974, some 60 radio stations are now on air and new licences are being issued at the rate of 10 to 12 a year. A few countries have similar kinds of broadcasting, but the acceptance by our Government of public broadcasting as an integral component of a three-sector Australian system is without parallel. How far public radio has achieved its objectives is a matter for debate. There were many objectives, not all agreed upon by all or even most of the pioneers. Its future is also unsure. That it will survive in some form is certain but whether in circumstances which will let it realise its aims fully is, at the time of writing, still uncertain.
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Cryle, Denis. "The Press and Public Service Broadcasting: Neville Petersen's News Not Views and the Case for Australian Exceptionalism." Media International Australia 151, no. 1 (May 2014): 56–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878x1415100108.
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This article revisits historical rivalries between established and emerging media, namely the press and broadcasting, during the first half of the twentieth century. To this end, the author constructs a dialogue between Neville Petersen's broadcasting research and his own press research over a similar period. In his major work, News Not Views: The ABC, Press and Politics (1932–1947), Petersen (1993) elaborates in detail the ongoing constraints imposed by Australian newspaper proprietors on the fledgling Australian Broadcasting Commission (ABC) in their ultimately unsuccessful struggle to restrict its news supply and influence. Drawing on subsequent press research based on international forums, the author revisits this rivalry, particularly Petersen's thesis that Australian press proprietors exercised disproportionate influence over the national broadcaster when compared with other English-speaking countries, such as Britain and Canada.
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Burns, Maureen Elizabeth. "Public Service Broadcasting meets the Internet at the Australian Broadcasting Corporation (1995–2000)." Continuum 22, no. 6 (December 2008): 867–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10304310802419395.
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Westerway, Peter. "Starting Aboriginal Broadcasting: Whitefella Business." Media International Australia 117, no. 1 (November 2005): 110–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878x0511700112.
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Officials in the Australian Public Service often wield substantial influence on policy-making, yet their work is normally hidden from public view. This case study of the process involved in developing an Aboriginal broadcasting policy after the 1967 referendum reveals conflict between two incompatible paradigms: assimilation (Aboriginal affairs) and diversity of choice (broadcasting). This conflict, together with official reluctance to truly consult with relevant Aboriginal communities and misunderstandings over historically and culturally specific concepts such as country, tribe, clan, community and resident, eventually led to policy failure. Since community control was not considered as an option, Aboriginal broadcasting obstinately remained whitefella business.
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Andrews, Kylie. "Don’t tell them I can type: negotiating women’s work in production in the post-war ABC." Media International Australia 161, no. 1 (September 26, 2016): 28–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878x16669400.
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This article examines the pervasive mechanisms of discrimination in Australian public broadcasting in the 1950s and 1960s and considers how concepts of femininity were engaged to maintain the sexual division of labour within one of Australia’s leading cultural institutions, the Australian Broadcasting Commission (ABC). Constructing a collective biography of female producers who challenged gendered work practices, it discusses the obstacles that confronted women in production and considers the social, economic and industrial factors that allowed certain women to become producers when many failed to escape the ABC’s typing pool. Referring to case studies derived from biographical memory sources and industrial documentation, this article historicises the careers of radio and television producers and contextualises their histories against data found in the 1977 Women in the ABC report, to re-imagine the nature of women’s work in Australian broadcasting in the post-war era.
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Jacka, Elizabeth. "The ABC and the 2006 Federal Media Reforms." Media International Australia 120, no. 1 (August 2006): 5–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878x0612000103.
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This article dissects the implications for the ABC of the current Australian government media reforms. If the quality of policy development and discussion of such changes to key media laws and policy is poor in general, the level of consideration of the role of public broadcasting is worse. The author also considers other perennial dilemmas such as advertising on the ABC, governance and political interference, concluding that the new communications landscapes makes the ABC and public service broadcasting more necessary than ever — yet it is still awaiting a thorough exploration and adequate public discussion.
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Hawkins, Gay. "The Special Broadcasting Service in the Twenty-First Century." Media International Australia 133, no. 1 (November 2009): 26–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878x0913300107.
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This paper considers the recent inquiry of the Department of Broadband, Communications and the Digital Economy into the future of public service media in a digital environment in the context of both the author's own work on the history of the Special Broadcasting Service (Ang et al., 2008) and the continuing obligations and challenges that public service media face in terms of the wider remit of helping audiences to negotiate the reality of cultural diversity and difference. It focuses on how SBS has contributed to an expanded understanding of the nature of citizenship in contemporary Australian society, challenges it faces in extending that understanding of citizenship to expanded public participation in the creation and distribution of media content, and its current and future relationship to the Australian Broadcasting Corporation.
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McClean, Georgie. "Special Broadcasting: Cultural Diversity, Policy Evolutions and the International ‘Crisis’ in Public Service Broadcasting." Media International Australia 129, no. 1 (November 2008): 67–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878x0812900108.
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Public broadcasters internationally are facing challenges from technology, competition in multi-channel environments and criticisms of being out of touch with audiences. Some public broadcasters, such as the United Kingdom's BBC and the ‘pillarised’ public broadcasting system in The Netherlands, were founded almost a century ago. Their models, based on particular views of the public interest and audiences, now struggle to maintain relevance in rapidly changing, culturally diverse societies. Pure market models do not cater well for the complexities of cultural diversity. Public broadcasters with specific remits to represent diversity, such as Channel 4 in the United Kingdom, Nederlandse Programma Stichting (NPS) in The Netherlands and Australia's Special Broadcasting Service (SBS), although themselves products of specific historical moments and policy contexts, allow for more responsive relationships to multicultural societies. Although traditionally seen as more marginal, these newer models may find themselves central to arguments for ongoing funding of public broadcasting.
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Tebbutt, John. "Aural Nation: Knowledge, Information and Music in Early Australian Public Broadcasting." Historical Journal of Film, Radio and Television 39, no. 1 (June 11, 2018): 114–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01439685.2018.1478219.
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Armstrong, Mark. "Deregulation of Radio." Media Information Australia 41, no. 1 (August 1986): 45–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878x8604100114.
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Radio programs and advertisements have been greatly deregulated by the Australian Broadcasting Tribunal in the last five years, with very little public controversy. This reflects changes in public attitudes and government perceptions, but most of all the opening of many new stations since 1975. The radio audience is now fragmented, and there is a much greater diversity in radio than in television.
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Miragliotta, Narelle, and Wayne Errington. "The Rise and Fall and Rise Again of Public Broadcasting? The Case of the Australian Broadcasting Corporation." Australian Journal of Public Administration 71, no. 1 (March 2012): 55–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8500.2012.00755.x.
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Barr, Trevor. "The BBC Charter Review." Australian Journal of Telecommunications and the Digital Economy 4, no. 1 (April 7, 2016): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.18080/ajtde.v4n1.50.
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Both the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) and the Australian Broadcasting Corporation (ABC) are being subjected to close scrutiny, but from different quarters. During the lead up to the British general election in 2015, the Cameron Conservative government issued a Green Paper, BBC Charter Review, July-October 2015, which broke new ground in terms of the scope of such an enquiry for its level of institutional criticism. Whilst ostensibly the document only purported to raise options for future change, and invited public submissions for consideration, there has been widespread concern about the possible serious intentions of the government for the corporation’s future. Though the ABC appears to be subject to much less vitriolic attack than its British counterpart, it too faces a range of threats and abuses. Paradoxically, such aggressive scrutiny comes at a time when both broadcasting corporations enjoy record audiences, continuing high levels of public trust, and on-line market leadership as a result their successful development of new digital platforms.
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Barr, Trevor. "The BBC Charter Review." Journal of Telecommunications and the Digital Economy 4, no. 1 (April 7, 2016): 54–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.18080/jtde.v4n1.50.
Full textAbstract:
Both the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) and the Australian Broadcasting Corporation (ABC) are being subjected to close scrutiny, but from different quarters. During the lead up to the British general election in 2015, the Cameron Conservative government issued a Green Paper, BBC Charter Review, July-October 2015, which broke new ground in terms of the scope of such an enquiry for its level of institutional criticism. Whilst ostensibly the document only purported to raise options for future change, and invited public submissions for consideration, there has been widespread concern about the possible serious intentions of the government for the corporation’s future. Though the ABC appears to be subject to much less vitriolic attack than its British counterpart, it too faces a range of threats and abuses. Paradoxically, such aggressive scrutiny comes at a time when both broadcasting corporations enjoy record audiences, continuing high levels of public trust, and on-line market leadership as a result their successful development of new digital platforms.
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Turner, Graeme. "Surviving the post-broadcast era: The international context for Australia’s ABC." Media International Australia 158, no. 1 (January 7, 2016): 17–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878x15616514.
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While much of the discussion of the current condition of the Australian Broadcasting Corporation (ABC) has been very much located within the Australian context, there is some point to widening the frame and considering the situation of the ABC within a more international context. In many locations, the rationale for the public broadcaster – the provision of information, education and entertainment for the public good – has not easily survived what has been dubbed the post-broadcast era, increasingly shaped by commercialisation, neo-liberalism, de-regulation and privatisation. The tendencies in the Australian context are not as clear as the international ones, however, and so the comparison between the international and the national contexts frames the account developed by this article.
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Hess, Kristy, and Angela Ross. "Exploring small newspaper attitudes to a collaborative approach with Australia’s primary public broadcaster (ABC)." Australian Journalism Review 44, no. 2 (November 1, 2022): 229–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/ajr_00105_1.
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Collaborative approaches to news production are increasingly being trialled across the globe in an attempt to alleviate a well-documented crisis in local news. Of particular interest to Australian policy-makers is the BBC Local Democracy Reporting project which funds journalists to be based in local news outlets to provide local government reporting, as well as data journalism initiatives. There is political will that such an approach could be adopted by the Australian Broadcasting Corporation to support the nation’s rural and regional news provisions. This article draws on data from six interpretive focus groups involving 50 news workers from independent Australian local news publishers to consider whether smaller publishers would welcome a collaborative approach with the ABC. It finds that a one-size-fits-all collaborative approach is unlikely to be suitable for the Australian regional media landscape and that more work is needed developing an understanding of an appropriate framework that may be tailored to best meet the needs of different local news outlets.
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Pearce, Matthew. "Policy Discourse and the 1982 ABT Pay TV Inquiry." Media International Australia 91, no. 1 (May 1999): 149–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878x9909100114.
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The 1982 ABT Pay TV Inquiry revealed the complexities of broadcasting policy discourse in contemporary Australian government. The inquiry became a crucible in which discourses of public interest, and alliances of private interests, were distilled. Throughout the inquiry, and in the resulting report, the ‘public interest’ was continuously invoked to purchase legitimacy in the policy process. Yet the ‘public interest’ is a contested, malleable concept with no definite singular meaning. This paper examines and explains the various concepts which were used to underpin notions of the public interest in a contested policy zone.
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Martin, Fiona. "Pulling Together the Abc: The Role of ABC Online." Media International Australia 93, no. 1 (November 1999): 103–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878x9909300111.
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Public service broadcasters facing multiple threats to their existence are simultaneously grappling with their transition to an era of digital broadcasting and networked information services. At stake is the continued need for a ‘public sphere’ in an increasingly diversified, commodified mediascape. This article draws on interviews with key ABC personnel between 1997 and 1998, press reports and relevant academic literature to examine the development of the Australian Broadcasting Corporation's online publishing activities in the context of a recent proposal to part-privatise ABC Online. It considers the role of ABC Online as an ‘information broker’ in the public domain, and as a catalyst for changing modes of cultural production within the corporation. It then challenges the 1997 Mansfield Review's assessment of ABC Online as a ‘non-core’ activity of the corporation. Finally, it outlines options for future resourcing of the service, dependent on further research outcomes.
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Bell, Philip. "Alcohol Advertising in the Australian Media." Media Information Australia 43, no. 1 (February 1987): 21–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878x8704300106.
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Alcohol advertising on Australian television is subject to regulation by the Australian Broadcasting Tribunal (ABT). Until 1 July 1986, it was prohibited before 7.30 pm on weekdays, all day on Sundays, and on Saturdays between 5.00 pm and 7.30 pm. From July 1986, it has been allowed only after 8.30 pm but is permitted on Sundays during live sports broadcasts and in the evening after 8.30. Alcohol advertising during live sporting broadcasts is allowed regardless of the hour on Saturdays and public holidays (except Christmas Day and Good Friday). The Tribunal's justification for these regulations is principally phrased in terms of the restriction of alcohol advertising to ‘adult’ viewing periods.
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Bacon, Wendy. "A case study in ethical failure: Twenty years of media coverage of Aboriginal deaths in custody." Pacific Journalism Review : Te Koakoa 11, no. 2 (September 1, 2005): 17–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/pjr.v11i2.838.
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Australia’s media accountability systems (M*A*S) include the Australian Press Council, broadcasting self-regulatory schemes, public broadcasting charters, the Media, Arts and Entertainment Alliance (MEAA) Code of Ethics, journalism education and training programmes and organisations devoted to critiquing and enhancing the media. The explicit or implicit purpose of these systems is to enable the media to play its role in representative democracy, ensuring citizens can obtain information and communicate. So it is against these broader democratic goals that M*A*S and journalism itself must finally be evaluated. One way of doing this is to look at the end product—the media content produced by journalists—and examine how it reflects and responds to sources and events beyond the media itself. To explore further the implications of such an approach, in this article I have chosen a single case study—the Australian media’s coverage of Aboriginal deaths in custody over a 20-year period.