Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Public attitudes towards democracy'
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LEE, JO YING. "Confucian Values and Democracy---A Comparative Study of Taiwan and Singapore." Doctoral thesis, Università di Siena, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11365/1009542.
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This thesis is aimed at explaining the relationship between Confucian values and democracy in Taiwan and Singapore. Some scholars generally assume that “Asian values” or Confucian ideology inhibit a country’s acceptance of liberal democratic values. There are some important findings in this study: Firstly, Confucian ideology still remain in Taiwanese and Singaporean minds today, especially both of them have high level of Confucian Social Values. And Singaporeans obtain higher Confucian Political Values, while Taiwanese have lower. Secondly, most of Confucian social ideology do not have negative impact to public attitudes toward civil society and democracy, even they enhances citizens’ participation a formal association and their social trust and tolerance. Lastly, Confucian political ideology may be not incompatible with public support for a democratic regime but it is not related to public attitudes toward to democracy. According to the findings of this study, Confucian ideology should not inhibit East Asian people acceptance of liberal democracy.
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Kgosithebe, Lucky. "Higher education and democracy in Botswana: Attitudes and behaviours of students and student leaders towards democracy." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/4018.
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Magister Educationis - MEdThis study investigates the attitudes of students and student leaders towards democracy in terms of their demand for democracy, their perception of the supply of democracy, and their awareness of and participation in politics. Existing literature does not provide any conclusive explanation as to how and to what extent higher education contributes to democracy. Mattes and Mughogho (2010) argue that the contribution of higher education to support for democracy in Africa is limited while other scholars such as Bloom et al. (2006), Hillygus (2005), and Evans and Rose (2007a, 2007b) maintain that higher education impacts positively on support for democracy. The study follows the conceptualisation and methodology of previous studies based on the Afrobarometer public opinion surveys into the political attitudes of African mass publics (Bratton, Mattes and Gyimah-Boadi, 2005; Mattes and Bratton, 2003; 2007), and of students in African universities (Luescher-Mamashela et al., 2011; Mwollo-Ntalimma, 2011). The survey uses a stratified random sample of third-year undergraduate students at the University of Botswana. Furthermore, it isolates the subgroup of student leaders to investigate whether active participation in student politics influences support for democracy
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Naqvi, Ijlal Kurzman Charles. "Democrats without democracy? a multi-level analysis of attitudes towards democracy in Muslim-majority countries /." Chapel Hill, N.C. : University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2007. http://dc.lib.unc.edu/u?/etd,1656.
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Thesis (M.A.)--University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2008.Title from electronic title page (viewed Sep. 16, 2008). "... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in the Department of Sociology." Discipline: Sociology; Department/School: Sociology.
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Mwollo-Ntallima, Angolwisye Malaisyo. "Higher education and democracy : a study of students' and student leaders' attitudes towards democracy in Tanzania." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/1722.
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Magister Educationis - MEdStudents in African universities have a long history of political involvement at the institutional level and in national politics. The present study investigates the political opinions of students in Tanzania with respect to (1) their attitudes towards democracy and how these attitudes could be explained, (2) student satisfaction with the way their university and their country, Tanzania, are governed, and (3) whether student leaders (SL) have more democratic attitudes than students who are not in formal student leadership positions (SNL) and if there are other relevant groups that can be identified whose political attitudes differ significantly from those of other groups. The study draws on the work of Bratton, Mattes and Gyimah-Boadi (2005) and employs a survey questionnaire adapted from the Afrobarometer. Using survey data collected at the University of Dar es Salaam in Tanzania, a number of questions are investigated, and related hypotheses are tested in order to determine the extent to which students understand and demand democracy, how they perceive the supply of democracy, and what their attitudes are towards university governance and national politics in general.
South Africa
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Gabrielsson, Daniel. "Nationalism and Democracy : A quantitative study about the relationship between national identity and attitudes towards democracy." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Sociologiska institutionen, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-145311.
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This article sets out to examine how different levels and types of nationalism are correlated with attitudes towards democracy, a relationship that has not received much attention in previous research. I aim to investigate this relationship by examining how two forms of national identities (ethnic and civic) affect attitudes towards democracy in 30 European countries. Individual data comes from the European Social Survey (2008). The results indicate a significant and strong association between national identities and attitudes towards democracy. Individuals who articulate high levels of ethnic nationalism are less supportive of democracy than those who express high levels of civic nationalism. At country level, two variables are used: diversity and the extent to which democracy is established. Data that describes level of diversity comes from the Eurostat (2008) The index of democracy comes from Economist Intelligence Unit (2008). The structure of the dataset is hierarchical; therefore I have used multilevel models to avoid obtaining biased coefficients and standard errors. The study shows that higher levels of diversity and democracy, in general, amplify support for democracy, but, a high degree of diversity amplifies the negative relationship between ethnic nationalism and support of democracy and a high degree of democracy amplifies the positive relationship between ethnic nationalism and preferences for non-democratic rule.
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Ryan, Erin. "Public attitudes towards housing systems for pregnant pigs." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/44175.
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Public concern for the welfare of farm animals is increasing. Formal methods of gathering public attitudes are important for the development of socially sustainable animal production practices. This study used an online survey to gather public attitudes towards the issue of housing pregnant sows in intensive systems (group housing versus gestation stall housing). Additionally, this research aimed to understand how participant’s stance changed when they were provided additional information on the issue, including two scientific papers, YouTube videos, Google images, and a frequently asked questions page. Initial attitudes (from responses to the first question) and changes in responses before and after accessing additional information were quantitatively analyzed from Likert-scale responses made by 268 participants. One-hundred-and-thirteen comments, written before accessing additional sources of information, were qualitatively analyzed to identify themes and understand reasons behind decisions. Forty-one pairs of comments were analyzed to understand the effect of information on attitudes. Quantitative results reveal that the majority of participants strongly supported group housing before the provision of additional information. Most participants maintained their stance even after accessing additional information; however, an effect of information was found, such that more people strongly supported stalls after the provision of additional information. Regardless of whether participants moderately supported groups or gestation stalls before the provision of additional information, almost half of the people in each of these groups abandoned their position after accessing additional information and shifted to strongly support group housing. Qualitative analysis showed that supporters of gestation stalls tended to focus on physical health, predominantly focusing on spread of disease and the elimination of aggression between animals. Supporters of group housing sows, tended to factor in other requirements for sow welfare, including the importance of social interaction and the ability to perform natural behaviours. With the exception of participants that strongly supported gestation stalls, numerous participants commented on the complexity of choosing one system over the other and described the effect that images had on attitudes.
These results point to the importance of providing detailed descriptions, including imagery to the public in efforts aimed at gathering feedback for the development of socially sustainable practices.
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Kwan, Wood-kai Edward, and 關活佳. "Public attitudes towards the Royal Hong Kong Police." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1993. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31964503.
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Kwan, Wood-kai Edward. "Public attitudes towards the Royal Hong Kong Police." [Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong], 1993. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B13636832.
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Zemach, Meir. "Effect of the 'Experience Democracy' programme on the attitudes towards democracy of middle school students in Israel." Thesis, Anglia Ruskin University, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.490716.
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Saint, Clair Albert. "Attitudes towards agriculture (farming) in St. Lucia." Thesis, McGill University, 1985. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=64485.
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Devine, Jonathan Hugh. "Rural Community Attitudes Towards Tourism." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2006. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/DevineJH2006.pdf.
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Lin, Pei-Ling. "Media representations and public attitudes towards nanotechnology in Taiwan." Thesis, University of Essex, 2018. http://repository.essex.ac.uk/22085/.
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In order to provide a comprehensive and clear investigation of media representation and public attitude toward Nanotechnology (Nano) in Taiwan, this thesis includes three studies. Study 1 investigates the media representation of Nano in Taiwan and the relationship among different Nano-based themes, frames, and media attitudes in the Taiwan. Study 2 is attempts to make salient the most visible actors of Nano-related news in the Taiwanese media discourse and how the relationship among main actors, framing effects, and media attitudes toward Nano Study 3 explores the overview of the Taiwanese public attitude toward Nano and how the Taiwanese public attitude toward Nano is influenced by framing effects and public confidence in news sources. In short, the results of the above studies showed that the Taiwanese media attitude and public attitude toward Nano are both overwhelmingly positive. The impression and role of Nano in the Taiwanese media has been shaped as an emerging scientific idol which not only benefits public daily life but also increases the national interest and competitiveness of Taiwan. This is of concern, since there is little evidence that the public understands the risks associated with Nano. This lackluster public and media-related risk awareness regarding Nano is exacerbated by a weak connection between the public and scientists. Nano has become a vital component of future science and technology development and a potential competitive economic benefit for Taiwan in the global economy. However, the importance and necessity of increased and enhanced science communication regarding Nano has not kept pace with public interest or commercial production of Nano-based products that are quickly becoming ubiquitous in Taiwanese society.
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Hall, Nathan F. "Faculty Attitudes Towards Institutional Repositories." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2014. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc700059/.
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The purpose of the study was to explore faculty attitudes towards institutional repositories in order to better understand their research habits and preferences. A better understanding of faculty needs and attitudes will enable academic libraries to improve institutional repository services and policies. A phenomenological approach was used to interview fourteen participants and conduct eight observations to determine how tenure-track faculty want to disseminate their research as well as their attitudes towards sharing research data. Interviews were transcribed and coded into emerging themes. Participants reported that they want their research to be read, used, and to have an impact. While almost all faculty see institutional repositories as something that would be useful for increasing the impact and accessibility of their research, they would consider publishers’ rights before depositing work in a repository. Researchers with quantitative data, and researchers in the humanities are more likely to share data than with qualitative or mixed data, which is more open to interpretation and inference. Senior faculty members are more likely than junior faculty members to be concerned about the context of their research data. Junior faculty members’ perception’ of requirements for tenure will inhibit their inclination to publish in open access journals, or share data. The study used a novel approach to provide an understanding of faculty attitudes and the structural functionalism of scholarly communication.
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Castillo, Alexandra Paige. "Challenging Democracy: Latin American Attitudes on Presidential Term Limits." The Ohio State University, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu155561348366265.
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Lindh, Arvid. "Attitudes towards the Market and the Welfare State : Incorporating attitudes towards the market into welfare state research." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Sociologiska institutionen, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-88490.
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Social policy and its associated institutions are central political arenas for societal compromise and conflict. The capacity to attract strong support from a wide constituency of citizens is, therefore, a defining feature of welfare policy legitimacy. While there is much research measuring attitudes towards state-organized welfare, the overall aim of this thesis is to incorporate attitudes towards the market into this research field. This aim is carried out through four empirical studies that add a market component to the analysis of different topics covered in current welfare state research. The articles in this thesis either compare attitudes across countries or deploy Swedish public opinion as a test case. Newly designed or previously underutilized survey measures are used that explicitly cover attitudes towards the market. Latent class analysis, structural equation modeling, and multilevel analysis are used to study how attitudes vary both within and across countries. Citizens’ perceptions and evaluations of the market are found to be shaped by their everyday life experiences within the market structure. Moreover, citizens’ trust in the performance of market institutions is found to be important in structuring their welfare policy preferences. In addition, attitudes towards the market appear to be influenced by the institutional context: citizens living in countries with more ambitious welfare states are less inclined to support market distribution of social services, and class differences in political welfare attitudes tend to be larger in countries with more encompassing welfare states. Collected findings thus suggest that citizens living in countries with more generous welfare states are more inclined to think that the legitimate scope of the market nexus should be negotiated and calibrated via social policy. By incorporating attitudes towards the market in relation to welfare state support, this thesis contributes to increasing our understanding of the political and moral mindset of citizens in advanced political economies. Public attitudes towards the welfare state are to a significant degree formed by perceptions and evaluations of the market and its actors. In order to further our knowledge about preferences regarding the role of the state in modern society, and to stay in tune with ongoing policy developments, future socio-political research is well advised to bring the main alternative to the state – the market and its actors – into the analytical framework.
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de, Groot Jiska Reinarda. "Attitudes towards marine energy : understanding the values." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/3470.
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Marine Renewable Energy (MRE) in the form of wave, tidal and offshore wind has emerged as a potentially major component of strategies to reduce carbon dioxide emissions and combat climate change. One factor influencing the implementation of MRE technologies is acceptance by people living near developments. This study investigated (i) attitudes towards MRE in small island communities as likely host communities for MRE developments; (ii) the underlying factors and values shaping these attitudes; (iii) how communities viewed MRE with regard to their place attachments; (iv) the inclusion of communities attitudes into MRE decision-making; and (v) contributions to policy and practice of MRE development. Data were collected using a mixed-methods approach, employing questionnaire surveys and interviews in three case study communities: 1) the Orkney Islands in Scotland which have considerable experience with MRE; 2) the Shetland Islands, also a Scottish community but with somewhat less experience; and 3) the Isles of Scilly, an English community with limited MRE experience. These study sites provided an opportunity to examine attitudes towards MRE in areas with different levels of MRE experience and differing government administrations and consenting procedures, thus offering novel insights into how local contexts shape attitudes towards MRE. The theoretical position adopted was place attachment, and the study made steps towards understanding how place attachment processes operate when people evaluate MRE development locally. Processes of place attachment were found to be based on a continuous flow of interactions between people and places based on an evaluation of what happens in specific local contexts and how these are valued against sets of local priorities and preferences. The study found generally positive attitudes towards MRE, and identified local context, place-based values and the perceived effects of MRE as dominant in shaping support. The study thus found two important contributors that shaped attitudes: (i) local references and influences through which people observed issues, including socio-historical references, relational factors, and pragmatic factors, and (ii) local values, through which MRE was evaluated, which were established by residents based on evaluations of local characteristics, and how they related to strategies to maintain the long-term community continuity, and whether they were considered to be a threat, and therefore, a priority for continuity or for change. Based on these factors, a heuristic model was developed to visualise how attitudes towards MRE developed based on local contexts. Although complex interplays of local factors were observed, support for MRE development was largely based on its perceived local socio-economic benefits and perceptions of minimal environmental disruption. To incorporate local attitudes into decision-making, a place-based approach instead of a technology-based approach was advocated in which community priorities becomes the first focal point of siting processes. This approach is based both on the identified importance of local context for engaging the community and on ensuring appropriate siting based on engagement processes in which communities are appropriately represented and processes are tailored to local circumstances. An added important benefit from such an approach is that it allows for the inclusion of local knowledge and expertise in MRE siting.
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Myatt, Louise Barbara. "Public perceptions and attitudes towards UK coastal managed realignment schemes." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.405925.
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Ferrara, J. K. "Public attitudes towards intellectual disabilities after watching Olympic/Paralympic performance." Thesis, Canterbury Christ Church University, 2012. http://create.canterbury.ac.uk/10972/.
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Despite there being some changes to the way that people with Intellectual Disabilities (ID) are viewed in society, negative attitudes prevail. One of the aspirations of the Paralympic games 2012 organisers was to influence the public’s attitudes towards disabled people. The aim of this study was to investigate whether stimuli depicting people with ID performing at a Paralympic level of sport can change attitudes towards ID. A mixed randomised comparison group design was employed comparing two groups; those who viewed Paralympic level ID sport footage and information, and those who viewed Olympic footage and information on measures of implicit attitudes towards disability and explicit attitudes towards people with ID. One hundred and fourteen students at a UK university were administered the measures pre and post the stimuli presentation. Implicit attitudes significantly changed in a positive direction from T1 to T2 for both groups. Attitudes of empowerment increased from T1-T2, nearing significance. The findings provide evidence that Paralympic (ID) and Olympic footage plus written information seems to change attitudes towards people with ID, at least in the short term. Viewing elite sports information and footage may have at least a short term effect on attitudes towards ID which provides some tentative support to one of the London 2012 legacy promises. However it does not seem to matter which footage people are exposed to. Given both types of stimuli proved effective it suggests the possible role of affect in changing attitudes through the media, which warrants further investigation.
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Tatchley, Cerian. "Wildlife impacts of, and public attitudes towards, small wind turbines." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/22894.
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Global wind power generation has grown rapidly in response to targets to reduce greenhouse gas emissions as part of efforts to mitigate climate change, and to increase energy security. While much of the focus in wind energy technology to date has been on wind farms, a relatively recent development is the expansion of the micro-wind sector (turbines generating < 100 kW), and there are now over 870,000 small wind turbines (SWTs) installed globally. However, official planning guidance for SWTs in the UK and elsewhere is lacking. This may be a barrier to SWT installations if there is confusion over the requirements to gain planning permission. One reason for the lack of planning guidance is that our understanding of the wildlife impacts of SWTs is limited and therefore it is difficult to make recommendations for their mitigation. There are a range of potential negative effects wind power can exert on wildlife, in particular on birds and bats, yet to date, there has been very little published research into the wildlife impacts of SWTs. Mortality rates of wildlife at SWTs appear to be relatively low, but disturbance of bats, highly protected species, near SWTs has been previously demonstrated. However, the extent (if any) of this disturbance at habitat features of known importance was unclear. Therefore this thesis used acoustic surveys of bat activity to quantify disturbance of use of linear features (e.g. hedgerows, treelines), habitat important to bats for commuting and foraging, caused by SWTs. Firstly, bat activity did decline after experimental installation of SWTs 5m away from linear features. This decline was species-specific with Pipistrellus pygmaeus showing declines in activity in close proximity to the SWT associated with SWT operation, while P. pipistrellus activity declined in response to installation both at the SWT site and 30m away. Secondly, bat use of linear features is lower when SWTs are located nearby. In particular, P. pygmaeus activity at linear features is lower the closer a SWT is to the feature, and at high wind speeds Myotis spp. use of linear features is similarly lower where SWTs are located nearby. This disturbance did not dissipate along the linear features away from the SWT for at least 60m. This is much further than previously documented disturbance of bats by SWTs, which appeared fairly localised, and may be due to the importance of linear features specifically for commuting between habitat fragments. If so, the cumulative impacts of such disturbance will be important in areas where suitable foraging and roosting habitats is limited and fragmented, and linear features suitable for commuting between habitat fragments are already rare. These results offer support for recommendations that SWTs should be subject to siting restrictions that create a buffer distance between them and important bat habitats such as linear features. Specifically, this thesis recommends that in landscapes with few alternative commuting routes or where particularly rare bat species are present SWT installations require buffer distances to ensure they are a minimum of 60m away from linear features. There has also been a lack of research into public attitudes towards SWTs, despite local attitudes towards wind farm developments having been linked to planning outcomes, implying attitudes can be a barrier to installations. This thesis presents the results of the first survey of public attitudes specifically towards SWTs. Generally attitudes towards SWTs were positive, with over half of respondents rating SWTs as acceptable across a range of landscape settings. However, as for wind power where public attitudes in general are positive but local wind farm developments may still face opposition, only 35% of respondents were in favour of having a SWT installed in sight of their home. A key finding of this survey was that acceptance of SWTs significantly differed between landscape settings, with those in hedgerows and gardens being less well accepted compared to those on road signs, buildings and fields. Respondent comments highlighted visual impacts, efficient use of technology, noise impacts, wildlife impacts and educational value as important factors in their decisions regarding SWT acceptability. Public concern about wildlife impacts appears to be responsive to context, being important to the lower acceptance of SWTs in hedgerows, which were perceived to be particularly risky for wildlife. Potential SWT owners are also shown to be concerned about wildlife impacts from SWTs. Using a choice experiment methodology, an economics technique that allows valuation of non-market goods, farmers (a group most likely to own SWTs in the UK) were found to be willing-to-pay, through loss of SWT earnings from electricity generation, to avoid disturbance of birds and bats or collision mortality of bats. These findings also support the recommendation of the use of buffer distances for SWTs. Buffer distances between SWTs and linear features will help to alleviate public and SWT owner concerns about wildlife impacts, and also increase public acceptance of SWTs by encouraging their installation away from some of the least accepted landscape settings such as hedgerows. Further, potential SWT owners were also found to have no significant preference for avoiding siting restrictions of SWT installations, suggesting they are open to the use of buffer distances, although the suggested distances were substantially smaller than those this thesis ultimately recommends. The findings presented in this thesis have implications for planning guidance, policy makers and developers, but also raise many questions that will require further study. A list of planning guidance recommendations and a list of recommendations for future SWT research are presented in the final section.
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O'Bryhim, Jason. "Public knowledge, attitudes, and behavior towards sharks and shark conservation." Fairfax, VA : George Mason University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1920/4571.
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Thesis (M.S.)--George Mason University, 2009.Vita: p. 127. Thesis director: Chris Parsons. Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Environmental Science and Policy. Title from PDF t.p. (viewed Oct. 11, 2009). Includes bibliographical references (p. 121-126). Also issued in print.
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Meuller, Fiona J., and n/a. "Teachers' attitudes towards single-sex and co-educational schools." University of Canberra. Education, 1987. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20061110.100834.
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Chan, Kar-wing Veronica, and 陳嘉詠. "Social attitudes towards swearing and taboo language." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1997. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31951211.
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Sirafi, Ziad. "Investigating media’s change of attitude towards lobbyism in Sweden : A quantitative content analysis study between the years 1970-2014 and based on theories from the disciplines of politicalscience and sociology." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för statsvetenskap (ST), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-71401.
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The purpose of this study is to examine why the media has a more negative attitude towards lobbyism in 2014 compared to earlier years since the 1970s in Sweden. This study examines first if a change of attitude has occurred between the given years and whether the attitude is more positive, negative or neutral towards lobbyism in recent years compared to earlier years and lastly if the media are comparing different contexts in which lobbying takes place. The method of this study is based on quantitative content analysis, and on Kanol’s ideas that by implementing theories from different disciplines one can develop theories on comparative lobbying in order to increase and improve our knowledge on the phenomenon of lobbyism as the contemporary research on the subject are scars and underdeveloped. The material in this study are news articles that have been collected between 1970 to 2000 and every second year from 2000 up until 2014. This study also provides a comprehensive picture of the Swedish context in which lobbying takes place by gathering information from multiple sources and earlier studies as this information has as of yet not been gathered in a single study up until now. The conclusion is that there has been a change of attitude towards lobbyism in Sweden, however, the dominant attitude is not a negative but rather a more skeptical/cynical one which has increased since 1992. The term lobbying is controversial because it’s being mentioned in various topics that could be considered negative by the reader as the decision making whether the news article is negative or positive is subjective. Because the media has increased its negative news reporting overall and that the unconscious mind of the reader is also attracted to negative news reporting, the term lobbying can be considered “negative” overall as it is constantly being mentioned in negative contexts even when the article is not about lobbying. A reasonable explanation why the media has a more negative / skeptical attitude to lobbyism is because of previous scandals related to lobbying either in Sweden or outside the country's border, but also because the media can’t hold the elected officials responsible for their actions as transparency and accountability is absent. Because of the increased reporting in Sweden on lobbying from all over the world, the subject will most likely become more relevant on the Swedish political agenda.
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Gengembre, Timothy R. "Survey of patient's attitudes towards physician assistant competency and friendliness /." Connect to online version, 1988. http://minds.wisconsin.edu/handle/1793/38834.
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Coetzer, Wentzel Christoffel. "Attitudes towards hunting amongst the economically active public in Port Elizabeth." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1507.
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Wildlife ranching is recognized as one of the important agricultural industries in South Africa, with hunting being the primary segment of the game industry. Hunting is an essential part of wildlife management and it contributes significantly to the conservation of biodiversity and to the economy. Despite this, the social acceptability of hunting is often questioned and negative attitudes towards hunting within the larger society may become a potential threat to the hunting industry. This may jeopardize the effective management of game and have a negative impact on conservation and the economy. This study is an empirical investigation of the attitudes of the economically active public in Port Elizabeth towards hunting. The objectives of this study are to investigate the nature and extent of the public's attitudes towards hunting, as well as to identify factors influencing the public's attitudes towards hunting. The study commenced with the establishment of a theoretical framework, based on a literature study on the psychology of human perceptions and attitudes towards hunting. The theoretical framework was then used to develop the empirical component of the study. A survey was conducted amongst a statistically representative sample of the economically active public in Port Elizabeth during 2009. The data was collected by means of personal interviews and self-administered questionnaires were used as the survey instrument. The study found that the economically active public in Port Elizabeth generally holds favourable attitudes towards hunting, with only a small proportion of the population wanting to ban hunting. The belief that hunting endangers wildlife was the most prominent reason for opposing hunting. Negative attitudes towards hunting were largely based on incorrect beliefs regarding hunting. The extent of a person's knowledge of hunting and exposure to hunting, as well as a person's social ties had a significant influence on their attitudes towards hunting.
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Owusu, Seth. "Public attitudes towards flooding and property level flood protection (PLFP) uptake." Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/2944.
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The number of residential properties at risk from flooding is predicted to rise as a result of the impacts of both climate change and increasing urbanisation. The flooding of residential properties comes with various impacts ranging from significant financial costs to less tangible social impacts, which are often lasting and of greater concern to flood victims. At the same time, it is now clear that large scale flood defence schemes are not always favourable due to their high cost, and there is an increasing onus on property owners to protect their own properties. The research reported here therefore aimed to investigate public attitudes towards flooding and property level flood protection (PLFP), and their willingness to pay (WTP) for such measures to reduce their exposure to flooding. This research employs different methods. An extensive stakeholder consultation in the form of questionnaire survey and focus group activities were used to collect primary data on flood experience and PLFP. Financial analysis of varying packages of PLFP products was carried out to assess the cost and benefit of using resistance and resilience products. Finally, a consultation with institutional flood risk management (FRM) stakeholders was undertaken to help contribute to the evidence needed to improve the uptake of PLFP measures. The stakeholder survey finding has highlighted significant financial impacts of household level flooding similar to previous studies, and suggests that flood education campaigns have been effective in raising the awareness and uptake of PLFP products. Again the findings have shown that more people are willing to contribute towards the cost of protecting their properties in order to reduce flood impacts, which appears to be at odds with past studies. The mean total WTP was £795, and was strongly linked with a number of factors including the scale of flood impacts and household income. In addition, the benefit cost ratios (BCR) of various PLFP products indicate that such measures are generally cost beneficial, and the manual resistance products in particular have higher (BCR > 5) returns. Further analysis of models of incentivised PLFP scheme has demonstrated material benefit for both small scale and national level schemes, and signifies an opportunity to invest in a large scale PLFP projects. These findings are key and will provide valuable information needed to guide the development of strategies to encourage the uptake of PLFP products and improve community flood resilience.
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Dubois, Sara Dawn. "Understanding humane expectations : public and expert attitudes towards human-wildlife interactions." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/45917.
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The field of wildlife management has been on a collision course with societal values regarding animal use for some time. Although wildlife populations are still managed largely under the “North American model of wildlife conservation” to accommodate consumptive uses, many people, often with different concerns, want to be heard in decisions about wildlife. These human dimensions present a challenge to wildlife management, a field in which policy has been generally driven by experts. This research used several public engagement methods to understand broader attitudes towards wildlife management and how to incorporate them into policy. Participants with varying levels of wildlife experience in British Columbia, Canada, were asked in online and telephone surveys for their attitudes towards, and acceptance of, specific wildlife activities and management practices. Findings indicate a gap between public and expert opinions on invasive (e.g., relocation) and lethal management practices (e.g., problem bears, predator control, protection of endangered species). Problems also emerged with the public view of wildlife feeding. This led to a review of its motivations, types and consequences, and an evaluative framework was proposed to assess when feeding is acceptable. When asked to rate the harm to wildlife caused in various ways (hunting, vehicle collisions, pollution, etc.), experts and the public largely agreed on the relative importance of harms, indicating considerable potential for finding common ground between conservation-oriented and welfare-oriented citizens. However, some current management practices, especially those involving killing animals, lacked broad public support and may be improved upon with public participation in policy development, especially with women, urban residents, those with low wildlife engagement and animal-protectionist values. This could take the form of public polling or increased representation on decision-making committees. Societal expectations for managing human-wildlife interactions in BC documented by this research include ensuring that actions have an appropriate conservation purpose, are controllable, use humane methods, and appear fair to both people and wildlife. Including a broader public, educating both experts and the public on issues of humaneness, and strengthening wildlife and animal protection laws and enforcement, may serve to better align wildlife policy with societal values.
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Rickert, Elise L. "Implicit Versus Explicit Attitudes of the Public Towards People Who Stutter." Kent State University Honors College / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ksuhonors1607947498737628.
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Mhazo, Pakhani. "Knowledge, Perceptions and Attitudes of Young Adults Towards Electronic-cigarettes." Master's thesis, Faculty of Health Sciences, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/31094.
Full textAbstract:
Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) are deemed to be safer than tobacco cigarettes because they do not contain a number of toxicants and carcinogens that are present in tobacco cigarettes. However, their long-term health effects are unknown. Despite concerns surrounding this, there has been a rapid market penetration of e-cigarettes worldwide. South Africa has no legislation which specifically controls the marketing, sale and use of e-cigarettes and concerns have been raised over the increasing use of e-cigarettes by youth, who are often attracted to these novel products. This study is one of the first studies to explore the knowledge and perceptions of ecigarettes in South Africa. A qualitative approach was used to explore young adults’ perceptions, attitudes and behaviour related to e-cigarettes and assess the factors that shape those perceptions. The sources from which the participants accessed e-cigarette-related information were also explored. The study was conducted at the University of Cape Town and participants were registered male and female students at the university. Focus group discussions and individual interviews were used to collect data and thematic analysis approach was used to analyse the data. The results show that participants generally perceived e-cigarettes as healthier than tobacco cigarettes despite showing limited knowledge of the chemical constituents of e-cigarette liquid. Rather, the majority of the participants felt e-cigarettes were safer because of the pleasant smell. A pleasant smell from e-cigarettes was associated with health and the unpleasant smell was associated with danger. E-cigarettes were also viewed as a symbol of social status. The study recommends that e-cigarette awareness should be increased, and e-cigarettes should be regulated as tobacco products to alter the perception that they are safe.
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Draper, Catherine. "Medical students' attitudes towards and perceptions of the Primary Health Care approach." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/9357.
Full textAbstract:
Includes bibliographical references (p. 229-246).The aim of this research was to provide an understanding of medical students' attitudes towards and perceptions of the PHC approach, and this was done using mainly qualitative methods, namely focus groups, interviews, and one questionnaire. This research also investigated students' views of the way in which the PHC approach was taught, their understanding of the PHC approach, what could influence students' views of the PHC approach, the appropriateness of the PHC approach in South Africa, their opinions of the fact that UCT has a PHC-driven MBChB curriculum, their views of the role of doctors in the PHC approach, and a number of other related issues. The main findings were that students enter their medical degree with an expectation of a biomedical emphasis and a lecture-based curriculum.
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Ganley, Caitlan. "Knowledge, Attitudes and Beliefs Towards Contraception Among Rural Mozambican Women." Thesis, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1537301.
Full textAbstract:
Much of Sub-Saharan Africa lags behind the world in reproductive health. The nine villages surrounding Gorongosa are remote rural villages with very limited access to health care, and contraceptive options. A survey regarding the health of women and children in the community was created and every woman between the ages of 15, and 59 was surveyed, a total of 2438 in all. There were many sections but this thesis focuses on the results of the contraception and family planning segment. In this population only 4% of women are using any form of family planning, 8.2% state they would like to, but only 3% state a desire to become pregnant at the point of the survey. Only 17.2% can name a method of contraception, and 27% believe that temporary contraception can lead to permanent infertility. Significant associations were found between knowledge and positive beliefs about contraception and use, or a desire to use contraception, indicating there is a role for educational programs to help inform women of their options and give them the opportunity for reproductive self-determination.
32
Geleri, Aytekin. "An examination of public attitudes towards the use of closed circuit television in public places." Thesis, University of Exeter, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.307276.
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Knight-Mudie, Karen, and n/a. "Attitudes towards art competitions of senior secondary art students and teachers." University of Canberra. Education, 1988. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20060811.154408.
Full textAbstract:
Growing concern for the popularity of art competitions
that encourage participation of secondary school senior
art students is reflected in debate by many Australian
art educators. It appears that acceptance of the
external goal of winning a prize may demonstrate that
many students and teachers have not fully considered
the adverse implications of extrinsic rewards on
learning strategies relevant to artistic behavior. On
the other hand the benefit of exhibitions of student
art work appears to be overshadowed by the prevalence
of art competitions.
This study surveys attitudes and perceptions of art
teachers and secondary senior art students towards art
competitions supported by the school.
Subjects include secondary senior art students and
teachers from selected Brisbane Independent Schools.
It appears that participation in art competitions is more frequent in these schools. Results may prove
beneficial to art educators who are concerned with the
issue of extrinsic rewards for artistic behavior.
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Sese, Stephanie P. Reyes. "Attitudes and behaviors towards preconception health among male university students." Thesis, California State University, Long Beach, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1522654.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of this study is to explore the attitudes and behaviors of male university students in relation to preconception health. Preconception health is a set of interventions that detect and change biomedical, behavioral, and social risks to a man and woman's health and future pregnancies. One essential component in preconception health is to improve the knowledge, attitudes and behaviors of men and women related to proper health management before conception.
This study follows a univariate descriptive research design using a convenience sampling of 64 university students. This study demonstrated 5 key findings: (a) attitudes towards preconception health is necessary when planning a pregnancy, using birth control is fairly easy and safe; (b) partners and friends have an influence on confidence in using preconception counseling, however, only the partner had an influence on attitude towards pregnancy prevention; (c) a participant's belief in using birth control every time he has sex is higher when his partner takes birth control more seriously; (d) there were no significant difference between attitudes and behaviors among racial groups; and (e) the older the participants, the more negative attitudes they had towards preconception health.
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Montolio, Sergio Manuel. "Black Lives Matter Members' Perceptions of Police Attitudes Towards African Americans." ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/6248.
Full textAbstract:
The relationship between the police and African Americans has been fraught for some time. In the 2010s, amid the rise of the Black Lives Matter movement, the relationship between African Americans and the police was marked by serious tensions including racism, White privilege, and perceptions of police brutality. The purpose of this case study was to explore the current relationship between the police and the Black Lives Matter social movement and assess movement activists' perceptions of police actions. The theoretical framework for this qualitative case study was based on procedural justice and the reason of actions component of Derrick Bell's critical race theory. Data for this study included more than 1,000 social media postings from Facebook and Twitter; 205 public documents, which included police interactions, incident reports, and interviews; and 25 observations from public gatherings between 2013-2016. Data were coded into a priori themes and then content analyzed. Findings indicated that the Black Lives Matter movement generally increases the tensions in the relationship between the police and African Americans, creating emotional strain due to activists' messages of racism, White privilege, and violence. Recommendations included expanding open communication with the police, providing more training for the police, and encouraging police officers to control their actions when having interactions with African Americans, all of which may result in positive social change. The study findings provided a blueprint for community policing in minority communities.
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Moskowitz, Adam N. "Economic, social and racial attitudes among the American mass public : implications for maintaining mass democracy /." The Ohio State University, 2001. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1488205318508206.
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Wyrick, Phillip T. "Police Militarization: Attitudes Towards the Militarization of the American Police." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2013. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/1161.
Full textAbstract:
Police militarization is a critical contemporary issue in the criminal justice field; however, only a minor amount of research exists on this issue. Almost no research exists on public attitudes toward police militarization, which is very important given the social context. A contextual literature review covers a brief history of American police with emphasis on key events leading to modern police militarization, such as the Munich Incident and Columbine. Also covered are research topics that help outline the need for research on public attitudes in this field, such as the amount and use of PPUs by Peter Kraska and the idea of role convergence. Google Docs was used to generate and disseminate an electronic survey to a random sample of ETSU students. Statistical findings show that, while militarization does play a significant role in public confidence in the police, positive public attitudes and fear of the police play a much more significant role.
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King, Mark Edward. "Transprejudice in Hong Kong Chinese attitudes towards transgenderism and transgender civil rights /." Thesis, Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2008. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B39848802.
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Kitchener, Betty Ann, and n/a. "Nurses' attitudes towards active voluntary euthanasia : a survey in the Australian Capital Territory." University of Canberra. Nursing, 1998. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20060814.145314.
Full textAbstract:
In a country such as Australia which claims adherence to democratic values, it would
appear important that policies and laws on such a controversial and value laden issue
as active voluntary euthanasia (AVE), need to have at least some basis in public
opinion and in that of relevant professional groups. It has been argued that public
opinion may be of limited value due to the public's lack of experience and exposure to
this issue. The opinions of people with more exposure to and reflection on the ethical
issues surrounding euthanasia need to be ascertained. Nurses are one group who
have prolonged involvement with the care of dying or suffering people and their
families. Nurses in the Australian Capital Territory (ACT) could be a particularly well
informed group because of the ongoing open debate resulting from four proposed
laws on AVE in this Territory since 1993. The overall purpose of this thesis was to
identify the attitudes of nurses in the ACT towards AVE.
This thesis was supported by a study which provided information on four aspects of
nurses' attitudes towards AVE. Firstly, the attitudes of registered nurses in the ACT
were compared to those of other nurses, medical practitioners and members of the
general public in Australia. Secondly, the associations between characteristics of the
nurses and their attitudes were investigated. Thirdly, the legal conditions which
nurses believe should be in a law allowing active voluntary euthanasia were identified.
Finally, the arguments nurses put forward to support their attitudes towards AVE
were analysed This thesis does not attempt to evaluate the ethical arguments
proposed, merely to reflect the views put forward.
A postal survey was carried out in late 1996 of 2000 randomly selected registered
nurses from the Australian Capital Territory. Responses were received from 1218
nurses (61%).
Attitudes of Nurses:
A majority of nurses who responded, supported AVE as "sometimes right", be it
homicide by request (72%) or physician assisted suicide (71%). A slightly smaller
majority of nurses believed the law should be changed to allow homicide by request
(69%) and physician assisted suicide (67%) under certain conditions. If AVE were
legal, 66% of the nurses indicated they were willing to be involved in the procedure.
Only 30% were willing to assist patients to give themselves the lethal dose, while 14%
were willing to administer the lethal dose to the patient. Comparing these results with
previous surveys, it appears that nurses are less in favour of AVE than the general
public but more in favour than medical practitioners.
Associations between Characteristics of Nurses and Attitudes:
Those nurses who were more likely to agree that the law should allow AVE, were
under the age of 40 years, agnostic, atheist or of the Anglican religion, to have less
contact with terminally ill patients, to work in the area of critical care or mental health,
and to take less interest in the issue of AVE. Palliative care nurses were the only
subgroup without a majority in favour (33%). There is other evidence in the
euthanasia literature indicating that nurses and doctors are less in favour of AVE than
the general public. Taken together with the present findings, it may be concluded that
attitudes towards AVE are more favourable in people who have less contact with the
terminally ill.
Legal Conditions in an AVE Law:
The conditions most strongly supported in any future AVE law were "second
doctor's opinion" (85%), "cooling off period" (81%), "patient must have unbearable
protracted suffering" (80%), "doctor must inform patient about illness and treatment"
(78%) and "patient must be terminally ill" (63%). There was only minority support
for "patient not suffering from treatable depression" (42%), "patient administers or
assists to administer, the fatal dose themselves" (32%) and "patient over a certain
age" (7%). Support for a change in the law to allow AVE was 38% for a young man
with AIDS, 39% for an elderly man with early stage Alzheimer's disease, 44% for a
young woman who had become quadriplegic and 71 % for a middle aged woman with
metastases from breast cancer.
Arguments Supporting AVE Attitudes:
The most common argument in support of AVE was that people should have the right
to control their own lives and thus be able to decide for themselves when and how
they wanted to die. The most common argument against AVE was that of the slippery
slope in which it is feared that the boundaries which society puts on killing will be
extended.
Conclusions:
This inquiry pinpoints the discordance between attitudes towards AVE and the legal
status of AVE. Parliamentary representatives need to consider the current attitudes of
their constituents, and especially those of relevant health care professionals towards
AVE. It is important that a nursing perspective is represented in any law legalising
AVE and that the role of the nurse is clearly described in relevant legal acts. Future
research would also be beneficial to investigate further the association between the
experience of nurses working in a palliative care setting and AVE attitudes. There
needs to be further debate about the legal conditions required in any future AVE bills.
given the lack of support from nurses for some conditions which have been included
in proposed AVE laws. Furthermore, it would be valuable to carry out surveys of the
opinions of other health practitioners in order to inform legislators. These results
form a baseline to examine the changes in attitudes towards AVE over time and
change in the legal status of AVE.
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Healy, C. "Is public art a waste of space? : an investigation into residents' attitudes towards public art in Harlow." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2008. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1444238/.
Full textAbstract:
Public art has undergone somewhat of a renaissance over the last 20 years, with now over 70% of urban planning authorities including policies for artwork. With this renaissance, public art has moved into the realm of urban design and regeneration, with advocates claiming public art helps in developing a sense of place, identity and community. Public art is also attributed to functioning as a landmark for improving legibility and navigating. Yet popular press would have us believe that people are somewhat disgruntled with their public art. As the voices of the public are fundamentally absent from critical literature, this study seeks to address this gap through two main questions firstly, the extent to which the advocacies for public art relate to the attitudes held by the public and, secondly, the degree to which public art functions as a landmark by residents. In addressing these questions, research was undertaken in Harlow, a new town that has integrated public art in its planning. Resident attitudes were collected through questionnaires followed by two focus groups. This study shows a clear appreciation of local artist Henry Moore, whose sculptures were felt to give something unique to Harlow. Yet the proliferation of 'parachute' art was believed to limit public art's ability to create a sense of place. Residents found it hard to relate to more abstract public artwork, placing value in sculptures that reflected the town's history in order to develop a sense of identity. The study also shows the value placed by residents in participation in the creative process of their public artwork in developing a sense of community. Finally, the study reveals that public art in general is poorly used as a landmark in navigating. Yet certain sculptures did contribute to Harlow's legibility, mainly those with strong associations, form and a contrasting, prominent spatial location.
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Ortiz, Vivian J. "Student attitudes towards campus law enforcement exploring issues of confidence and utilization." Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 2010. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/4648.
Full textAbstract:
The assessment of citizen attitudes has, in recent decades, become standard practice within the criminal justice system. However, in assessing the criminal justice system, most research has gathered data on the attitudes and perceptions of specific populations within society (i.e. older citizens) and has not really focused on younger age groups, or more specifically, students enrolled in colleges and universities. The present study examined attitudes of college students in the areas of confidence and utilization of campus police. Utilizing a non-random convenience sample of undergraduate and graduate students (N=393) at a large four-year research institution, participants completed a 21-item survey to measure their confidence and utilization of campus police, resources, and services. The results suggest that confidence does not affect utilization of police and students stated they would utilize police despite their confidence level. However, more significantly, students also indicated that while they would utilize police, they reported they had not. As a result, various recommendations were made to improve communications between students and campus police and directions for future research were also noted.ID: 028916738; System requirements: World Wide Web browser and PDF reader.; Mode of access: World Wide Web.; Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Central Florida, 2010.; Includes bibliographical references (p. 135-148).
Ph.D.
Doctorate
Health and Public Affairs
Public Affairs
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Rimkuvienė, Jūratė. "Attitudes towards infection control among dental health care professionals." Doctoral thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2011. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2011~D_20110630_133927-98023.
Full textAbstract:
The oral flora is one of the most ecologically diverse microbial populiations known to man. It has been proved that any dental intervention: dental preparation, professional oral hygiene, extraction of teeth, regular prophylactic examination of patient‘s mouth is related with a possible spread of infection. Therefore, one of the most important tasks for the dental care professionals is to prevent the spread of infection and create safe environment for a patient, the dentist himself and other dental staff
The aim of the present study is to identify and evaluate the attitudes of Lithuanian dental health care professionals towards infection control and carried out infection control procedures, and to determine vaccination frequency against hepatitis B among dental health care professionals.
The study highlighteningt the dental health care professionals‘ attitude towards infection control and infection control procedures as well as incompliance of infection control procedures with the valid normative documentation was conducted at the Institute of Odontology, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University in 2008-2010. All 2,235 Lithuanian dentists, registered in the Lithuanian Dental Chamber Registry in 2008 and carrying general practice dentist‘s license, all 1,814 dental assistants and all 370 dental hygienists registered in 2010 (according to the database of the Lithuanian Dental Chamber Registry) were invited to take part in the investigation. The participants of the study survey... [to full text]Burna yra viena labiausiai infekuotų žmogaus organizmo sričių. Įrodyta, kad bet kuri odontologinė intervencija – dantų preparavimas, profesionali burnos higiena, dantų šalinimas, įprastinė profilaktinė paciento burnos apžiūra – yra susijusi su galimu infekcijų plitimu. Todėl vienas iš svarbiausių odontologine praktika besiverčiančių asmenų uždavinių yra užkirsti kelią infekcijų plitimui ir sudaryti saugią aplinką pacientui, gydytojui odontologui ir kitam personalui. Darbo tikslas – nustatyti ir įvertinti Lietuvos odontologinės sveikatos priežiūros specialistų požiūrį į infekcijų kontrolę ir atliekamas infekcijų kontrolės procedūras, išsiaiškinti vakcinacijos nuo hepatito B apimtį tarp Lietuvos odontologinės sveikatos priežiūros specialistų. Odontologinės sveikatos priežiūros specialistų požiūrio į infekcijų kontrolę, atliekamas infekcijų kontrolės procedūras, infekcijų kontrolės procedūrų neatitikimus galiojantiems norminiams dokumentams tyrimas atliktas 2008 – 2010 metais Vilniaus universiteto Medicinos fakulteto Odontologijos institute. Tyrime buvo pakviesti dalyvauti visi 2235 Lietuvos gydytojai odontologai, 2008 metais registruoti Lietuvos odontologų rūmuose ir turintys bendros praktikos gydytojo odontologo licenciją ir visi 1814 gydytojų odontologų padėjėjai bei visi 370 burnos higienistai, registruoti 2010 metais (pagal Lietuvos odontologų rūmų duomenų bazę). Tyrimo dalyviams buvo išsiųsti anoniminiai klausimynai. Odontologinės sveikatos priežiūros specialistų požiūris... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]
43
Masesa, Raphael Chisubo. "Towards democratic decision-making In environmental law: An investigation of the implementation of public Participation and access to administrative justice." University of the Western Cape, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/8259.
Full textAbstract:
Magister Legum - LLMAn environment, which is not dangerous to the health or well-being of individuals, is every South African's basic Human right.1 In addition.it is every South African's basic human right to have the environment protected for the · "benefit of present and future generations, through reasonable legislative and other measures".2 These measures must aim at preventing pollution and ecological degradation. The measures must further advance. conservation, and guarantee ecologically sustainable development and use of natural .· resources. 3 Stakeholders, such as, non-governmental, organizations (henceforth NGOs), and the community as a whole have important roles to play.4
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Fraley, Hannah E. "School Nurses' Awareness and Attitudes Towards Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children| A Mixed Methods Study." Thesis, University of Massachusetts Boston, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10264694.
Full textAbstract:
Human trafficking is a global problem and a multi-billion dollar industry. Most victims are women and girls and more than half are children. In the United States, many at risk youth continue to attend school with school nurses on the frontlines. Using the Peace and Power Conceptual Model, a mixed methods study was conducted to explore their awareness, attitudes, and role perceptions in prevention of commercial sexual exploitation of children (CSEC). Two factors related to increased awareness, and positive attitudes and role perceptions to prevent of CSEC included prior exposure to working with vulnerable students, and prior education about CSEC. Two factors that inhibited identification of CSEC included an uncertainty in identifying CSEC, and a lack of collaboration with colleagues in schools. Four sub-themes were identified; ‘exposure/knowledge, ‘collaboration’, ‘role boundaries’, and ‘creating respite space’. Future research should target the multidisciplinary school team. Simultaneous policy efforts should focus on improving practice conditions for school nurses to support their role in identification and intervention to prevent CSEC among at risk youth.
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Pernu, Lauriina. "Towards democracy : How can we explain the democratisation process in Myanmar?" Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för statsvetenskap (ST), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-53012.
Full textAbstract:
Myanmar (former Burma) has not had an easy path towards democracy. Once a British colony, the country has struggled with the violent military junta for several decades. The international community has been said to have failed in trying to stabilise Myanmar, in spite of good intentions. Although Myanmar is still far from being a consolidated country, there has, however, been some progress with democratisation. This research will study how we can explain the democratisation process in Myanmar. It will concentrate on three key events which are analysed within a framework of two theories: Joseph S. Nye’s soft power, and realism. This study is conducted as a theory testing case study and is therefore using a qualitative method. Previous research in the form of democratisation theories from Diamond and Linz & Stepan are discussed as well. With the help of the theoretical framework, the study aims to discover whether the democratisation process can be explained with the help of those theories.
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鄺宇洋 and Yu-yeung Kwong. "Assessing public knowledge about psychosis and its relationship with public attitudes towards persons with psychosis in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/192965.
Full textAbstract:
Objectives: Public stigma has been identified as a major obstacle for the recovery process of persons suffering from psychosis. Psycho-education to the public is suggested to be effective in enhancing public knowledge and understanding of patients with psychosis. It claims to be an effective way to reduce discrimination against and the labelling effect on mentally ill patients. However, there is a lack of understanding on the relationship between knowledge and attitudes. The current study aims at evaluating the relationship between public knowledge and public attitudes on persons with psychosis; and at identifying how violence factor influences the public attitudes. The implications of the findings for planning a psycho-education programme are discussed.
Method: Subjects (n=81) were recruited from public health talks on psychosis organized by the Jockey Club Early Psychosis Project (JECP). General knowledge about psychosis was assessed with a modified multiple-choice questionnaire, Knowledge about Schizophrenia Test (KAST). Two hypothetical descriptions of two patients with psychosis were designed, with one of the descriptions associated with violent behaviour and the other without. Subjects rated their willingness to interact with the hypothetical patients using a 19-item social distance scale. Other assessments included subjects’ previous contact with patients of psychosis and their history of working in the medical field.
Results: The overall level of knowledge about psychosis of subjects was good. Subjects at an older age were associated with better knowledge of psychosis. No correlation was found between overall knowledge and attitudes. However, subjects having better knowledge in Cause of KAST were correlated with less rejecting attitudes towards patients of psychosis. The current study has identified that violence is a significant factor that influences the attitudes of subjects. Significant rejecting attitudes were found in violence vignette as compared to non-violence vignette. Female subjects were found having significantly higher rejecting attitudes towards patients of psychosis with violent behaivour. Previous contact with patients and history of working in the medical field found no correlation with attitudes in this study.
Conclusion: The current study suggests that violence factor has a significant correlation with attitudes towards patients of psychosis. The rejecting attitudes influenced by the impression of violent behaviour of patients with psychosis are likely difficult to be removed. The labelling and stigmatizing effect on patients with psychosis through sensational description of violence by mass media is considered influential. Mass media should acknowledge their crucial role by stopping news reports using sensational, dramatic descriptions on violent incidences of mentally ill patients.published_or_final_version
Psychological Medicine
Master
Master of Psychological Medicine
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Ntenda, Joseph. "The attitudes of Sakhisizwe local service area community towards people with disabilities." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/20392.
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Thesis (MPhil (Rehabilitation))--Stellenbosch University, 2012.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: A qualitative study was utilised as it was appropriate for the study of attitudes of non-disabled people of Sakhisizwe towards people with disabilities (PWDs). This case study set out to: investigate the perceptions of people with disabilities with regard to attitudes towards them; examine the nature of attitudes toward people with disabilities; determine the impact and influence of attitudes on the integration of people with disabilities; and determine facilitators and barriers with regard to the integration of people with disabilities. This instrumental case study explored the attitudes of non-disabled people towards disabled people of Sakhisizwe Local Service Area in the Eastern Cape, South Africa. The researcher used convenience sampling to select a group of disabled participants from a meeting of the disabled structure held at one of the clinics of Sakhisizwe, to form a focus group. In the focus group of disabled people, two participants were identified as information-rich and were selected using purposive sampling for further interrogation. A convenience sample was used to select mostly three diverse groups of non-disabled participants from youth (seven participants), clergy (seven participants), community members (10participants) and one group of disabled people consisting of six participants making a total of four groups to conduct focus groups interviews. Furthermore, three key informants (traditional healer, social worker and local councilor) from the community at large were also purposively selected. Data was collected by means of semi-structured interviews guided by interview schedules for focus groups, disabled individuals‘ interviews, as well as for the three key informants‘ interviews. To supplement the data, observation was done to study the behaviours of people with disabilities in the service centre towards non-disabled people, and vice versa. Data was analysed by the process of inductive thematic analysis in which four themes emerged. These were: attitudes of non-disabled people towards people with disabilities; determinants of different disabilities; challenges facing young people with disabilities; and confidence and self-esteem of people with disabilities. In conclusion, it is recommended that the community identify the general public education and awareness in order to change the negative attitudes that lead to social exclusion and marginalisation of people with disabilities.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die houdings van nie-gestremde persone teenoor persone met gestremdhede in Sakhisizwe is deur middel van ʼn kwalitatiewe studie ondersoek. Hierdie gevalstudie het ook nagevors hoe persone met gestremdhede hierdie houdings ervaar; die aard van die hierdie houdings; asook die impak en gevolg hiervan op die integrasie van persone met gestremdhede in die samelewing met spesifieke verwysing na fasilitators ('facilitators') of hindernisse. Hierdie waardevolle gevalstudie is in die Sakhisizwe Plaaslike Dienste Area in die Oos Kaap provinsie van Suid Afrika gedoen. 'n Fokusgroep is gekies deur middel van 'n gerieflikheidsteekproef ('convenience sample') uit ʼn groep persone met gestremdhede wat 'n vergadering oor gestremde bestuurstrukture by een van die plaaslike klinieke in Sakhisizwe bygewoon het. Uit die fokusgroep is twee deelnemers met ryk ervarings geïdentifiseer as doelbewuste streekproef ('purposive sampling') vir verdere onderhoude. Benewens die fokusgroep van 10 persone met gestremdhede, is drie verdere fokusgroepe vanuit die geledere van nie-gestremde persone gekies. Die groeperings was uiteenlopend en het deelnemers vanuit die volgende groepe ingesluit, naamlik: die jeug (sewe deelnemers), geestelike leiers (sewe deelnemers), en gemeenskapslede (10 deelnemers). 'n Verdere drie persone is doelbewus ('purposive sampling') as sleutel informante van die groter gemeenskap gekies (tradisionele geneser, maatskaplike werker en plaaslike raadslid). Data was deur middel van semi gestruktureerde onderhoude vir elk van die vier fokus groepe ingesamel. Hierdie data is aangevul deur die wedersydse gedrag van persone met gestremdhede en nie – gestremde persone waar te neem en te bestudeer. Deur middel van induktiewe tematiese ontleding ('inductive thematic analysis') van die data is vier temas geidientifiseer. Houdings van nie – gestremde persone teenoor persone met gestremdhede; bepalende faktore van verskillende tipes gestremdheid; uitdagings wat alle persone met gestremdhede in die gesig staar; asook selfvertroue en self-beeld van persone met gestremdhede. Ten slotte word aanbeveel dat die gemeenskap self die algemene opvoeding en bewusmaking ten opsigte van gestremde persone aanspreek sodat die negatiewe houdings wat lei tot sosiale uitsluiting en gemarginaliseerdheid ('marginalization') aangespreek kan word.
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Ackermann, Daniel, and Tim Kruisman. "Public attitudes towards the use of marketing and communication by global non-profit organizations." Thesis, Växjö University, School of Management and Economics, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:vxu:diva-1482.
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Title: Public attitudes towards the use of marketing and communication by global non-profit organizations
Background: The importance of the non-profit sector and the commercialization in it is increasing. The organizations have to deal with more competition in the fundraising market on the one hand, and they are on the other hand confronted with people who are blocking the recognition of conventional marketing expressions. Guerrilla marketing is seen as a possibility to penetrate the jungle of marketing and create word of mouth about the organization and its activities.
Purpose: This thesis evaluates the public attitudes towards the increasing use of marketing and communication by global non-profit organizations and investigates for which objectives the use of guerrilla tactics in the marketing and communication mix would be accepted.
Limitations: Though the data for this thesis was collected through questionnaires in Sweden, Germany and The Netherlands, there are no country dependent differences investigated.
Theory: Classification of NPOs; aims of NPOs; basic model of communication; dynamic model of expectations; relationship between expectation, satisfaction and donations; marketing mix; guerrilla marketing; viral marketing; live buzz marketing; promotional mix; word of mouth.
Method: Survey with more than 100 participants; interview with the fundraising responsible of Greenpeace Germany
Findings and Conclusions: The public accepts the use of marketing and communication and the therefore necessary expenditures for the purpose to spread the message and gain donators. Openness and honesty in the NPOs’ behaviour are considered more important than the use of less money for marketing and communication. Guerrilla marketing is not suitable for all aims of a NPO, but is accepted in order to spread the message and increase the media coverage.
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Pipini, Magdalini. "Public attitudes towards crime and punishment in Greece and the factors underlying their construction." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/1581.
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Public opinion regarding crime-related issues is a challenging matter for researchers and politicians alike. An ill-informed public with regards to crime, punishment and other aspects of the criminal justice system leads to discontent and demands for harsher policies to strengthen public safety. Politicians harness public opinion to secure votes, and this can result in punitive policies that are founded on erroneous beliefs. The objective of this study is to look more deeply into people’s attitudes towards crime and punishment, and to consider why Greek people hold the views that they do and how these views are constructed. A multi-method approach was adopted for the implementation of this study. Quantitative methods were used to map the scope of attitudes towards crime and punishment in Greece. Qualitative methods were then appropriate to analyse and explore how attitudes are constructed and investigate specific factors in more depth. Greek culture was found to be one of the core issues, and in this context the Greek Orthodox faith and the traditional tight Greek family unit indicate that the stronger are the Greek people’s adherence to their traditional religious and family values, the less punitive are their attitudes towards crime and punishment. However, factors such as the media, attitudes towards immigrants and the contemporary political scene were found to cause distorted perceptions, leading to lack of confidence in the Greek criminal justice system.
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Aljaffary, Afnan. "Exploring public attitudes towards the health system of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA)." Thesis, City, University of London, 2018. http://openaccess.city.ac.uk/21805/.
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This study explores public attitudes towards healthcare in the Eastern Province of KSA. It employs a sequential mixed-method design. Semi-structured focus group discussions (FGDs) were conducted with fifty-four participants in the Eastern Province. The qualitative arm of the study used a framework thematic analysis. A questionnaire was constructed from evidence-based items from four sources: an international performance assessment framework, literature review, systematic review, and the FGDs. The questionnaire was administered to 813 participants using on-site and online recruitment modes. Two qualitative validity assessments and quantitative construct validity and reliability tests were then carried out for the questionnaire. The FGDs indicate a public sense of pride in the Saudi health system. However, some concerns emerged from the FDGs-most notably, access barriers to the government health sector including the referral system from primary to secondary care and the necessity of personal connections, or 'wasta', to access timely care. Access barriers also emerged in the private health sector, namely the affordability of care and health insurance companies' delays in responding to medical claims. Participants also considered their inability to discuss treatment plans and to be involved in decision-making processes with their doctors as issues in both the public and private sectors. Participants were also concerned about the Ministry of Health (MOH) monitoring and regulating both sectors. This affected participant attitudes towards health service provisions. The questionnaire demonstrated qualitative validity and good psychometric properties in construct validity and internal reliability. Participants perceived doctor-patient communication as the most positive aspect of the Saudi health system while they perceived MOH monitoring of the private sector and affordability of care as the most negative aspects. Socio-demographic characteristics were considered as strong predictors of participants' attitudes towards the health system, and nationality and insurance status were identified as the most frequent predictors of satisfaction. Recommendations include implementing policies that monitor pricing in the private sector, fairer access to government healthcare, and patient involvement in decision-making processes. Future research should investigate the relationship between public attitudes towards the Saudi health system and health-related decisions to ensure better use of healthcare services in KSA.