Dissertations / Theses: 'Public and private distribution systems'

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Rosado, Marta Maria de Lima Mayer. "Comparative analysis: public and private school management systems." Master's thesis, NSBE - UNL, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/9567.

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A Work Project, presented as part of the requirements for the Award of a Masters Degree in Economics from the NOVA – School of Business and Economics
The Portuguese educational system has counted, for many years, with the co-existence of both public and private schools. In fact, the country’s growth and development led, in the past, to an increasing demand for free of charge public education that could only be matched through the creation of “publicly-subsidized and privately owned and managed schools”. Still, the demographic evolution of Portugal recently generated a decrease on the demand for public educational services. This situation has raised doubts about the true contribution of this type of school for the public education system. This paper aims at answering this question by isolating the impact of different property and management schemes on the performance of students, resorting to cross-section data on 9th grade students from 2010. The results corroborate the well known result on the relevance of the family socio-economic background for students’ performance, but do also sustain the existence of a significant positive impact of private ownership and management schemes on the overall performance of students. These results suggest that there might be gains associated with the expansion of such schemes within the public education system.

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Rajabi, Mohammad. "New decision support systems for Public Private Partnership projects." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/25747.

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It is well established that one of the key contributing factors to the growth of countries’ economies is the existence of appropriate economic and social infrastructures. The setup of these infrastructures and their operation or delivery of public services associated with them have proved to be a costly and often unaffordable business for most governments. Therefore, private sector participation in the delivery of public services has been opted for by governments under Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs). Additional reasons for the public sector to choose a PPP framework to deliver public services include the public sector representatives’ lack of sufficient technical knowledge and specifications required by most projects; the required amount of investment to implement such projects is too high to be affordable by the public sector alone; the increasing difficulties of predicting and controlling the uncertainties that typically govern the phases of such projects including the level of actual demand for the related services by the time the project is operational; the level of bureaucracy in the public sector and its implications on the time frame of decision-making processes; the relatively low efficiency in project execution by the public sector; and most importantly the fact that, in practice, these difficulties are often better managed by the private sector who seem to possess both the financial and the executive capabilities to undertake such projects Currently, there is a gap in the game theory literature on modelling PPP related decisions and issues. This thesis contributes to reducing such gap by proposing three novel and practice-oriented game theoretical models along with algorithms for solving them, namely an ordinal game for the shortlisting of potential private sector partners; two non-cooperative dynamic games for negotiation with shortlisted private sector partners and selection of private sector partner to award the PPP contract to; and a non-cooperative dynamic game for financial renegotiation post-PPP contract award. In sum, each novel game addresses an important problem faced by the private sector during the typical stages of the life cycle of PPPs, namely private sector partner selection at the tendering stage; negotiation between the public sector and shortlisted bidders to select the candidate to whom to award a PPP contract to at the post-tendering stage; and financial re-negotiation between the public sector and the selected private sector partner at the post-contract award stage.

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Tilton, Peter. "Benchmarking Public and Private Blockchains and Understanding the Development of Private Blockchain Networks." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2018. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/1963.

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This thesis paper explores the developing technology blockchain by trying to understand the technology from a technical performance standpoint and also understanding the development process of blockchain networks and applications. The first half of this paper analyzes two research papers, "Bitcoing-NG: A Scalable Blockchain Protocol" and "Untangling Blockchain: A Data Processing View of Blockchain Systems," to understand and explain some of the technical differences and shortcomings of blockchain technologies. The second half of this paper then proceeds to develop a private blockchain network on the Ethereum network and deploy a smart contract on that private blockchain network. This process gives insight into the development of blockchain applications and identifies the struggles blockchain developers face.

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Yao, W. "Applying public private partnerships to the provision of intelligent transport systems." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2012. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1348213/.

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As an integrated transport solution, ITS (Intelligent Transport Systems) produce direct benefits for the traveller and operator and bring indirect benefits for society as a whole. Nevertheless, insufficient ITS funding holds back ITS development. PPP (Public Private Partnerships) offers an alternative financing channel, which can be advantageous for both public and private parties. Due to the characteristics of ITS, it can be difficult to attract the private sector to invest in some ITS projects where there is a fluctuating profit stream or where the profits cannot cover the investment. In addition, due to the existence of asymmetric information, it is possible for the private company to abuse his/her advantage in information over the public authority to seek excessive private gains. The aim of this research is to develop an incentive mechanism for a PPP contract for the provision of ITS, not only to motivate the private company to enter ITS markets but also to reduce the impact of asymmetric information between the two parties. The benefits and risks to both parties of entering into a contract for ITS provision are revealed in the World Bank and USDOT (United States Department of Transport) databases. ITS costs, potential funding sources, and the economic aspects of ITS are examined. The variety and interdependency of ITS cost components imply that it is possible for the private company to reduce costs under an appropriate incentive mechanism. Additional profit streams can diversify ITS funding sources and make it possible for otherwise low profit or non profit ITS systems to be provided without using government subsidy or an increase road user tolls. In this thesis, an investigation is conducted of ITS provision through PPPs in China, to investigate how they are used in the Chinese road sector and the bottlenecks in ITS development. There are two case studies to show how government regulation is used to encourage ITS provision through user payment and through subsidy. These findings provide a useful reference point for other areas of the world and are especially relevant to developing countries. A comprehensive evaluation framework is developed in this thesis to assess the ITS benefits to the travellers and the wider benefits to the community. Two case studies are presented to demonstrate these methods. In case study One, an SP survey of 1,357 motorway users was conducted in 2007, which examines travellers’willingness to pay for three distinct ITS systems on the Shanghai motorway network. In case study Two, using both AHP and REGIME models, an evaluation of the degree of traffic impact of these three ITS systems is presented. Their relative importance in Shanghai ITS motorway management is then established. This research leads to the development of a theoretical model which incorporates suitable incentive mechanisms for ITS provision through PPPs, on the basis that both parties expect value for money. Complexity has been increased in this model by introducing a subsidy and a shadow cost of subsidy variable, which has not been used in the previous literature. The relationship between subsidy and the efficiency level of the private sector is discussed under conditions of information asymmetry and symmetry. The model shows that it is possible for the private company to maximize the benefits of both the public authority and private company under two constraints, namely Individual Rationality (IR) and Incentive Compatibility (IC). Two working examples sourced from the case studies of two different ITS systems are used to calculate the potential profit and risk costs, first under a flexible payment scheme and then how this simplified by the use of an ITS incentive model. These examples strengthen the argument for the use of incentive models and contribute to ITS project profit control, which is the key for a successful ITS project through PPP.

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Mubangizi, Deus Bazira. "The public-private mix health care resources distribution implications for equity : Kampala district, Uganda." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/9447.

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Bibliography: leaves 93-97.
While in sociology, choice and equity have always co-existed; this has not been a subject of attention in the health care market. Following promotion of the public- private mix in the health care sector, there have been concerns that the pursuit of efﬁciency might compromise equity in accessing health care services. The main concern for this study was that the resulting relative health care resources distribution following public-private interaction has equity implications at the household level. Kampala district in Uganda was used to investigate this concern. Data collected from a household survey, key informant interviews and secondary data on health care resources distribution, was analyzed using STATA statistical package. The study ﬁndings indicated that the private health care sector in Uganda has grown in size and that it caters for more people in Kampala district than the public health care sector. The ﬁndings further indicated that households use private services due to the perceived high quality of services, availability of drugs, availability of doctors and other health workers and the nearness of private providers. On the other hand, public health services where used or preferred was due primarily to availability of doctors. Other ﬁndings indicated that there was a relationship between provider choice/use and the distribution of health care resources particularly; health workers and health care facilities. This applied both at household level and geographically. Utilization of health services also varied with distribution of the same resources. Private provider use was not solely dependent on income and hence ability to pay, but on other factors related to service characteristics such as perceived quality. The ﬁndings further show that there are inequities in ﬁnancing health care services with low-income groups paying relatively more than high- income groups. The study proposes to policy makers a monitoring mechanism of the variables and outcome measures, both at household and sectoral level, in order to minimize inequities in access to health care. The study also recommends that a comprehensive regulatory framework needs to be set up to promote and control the activities of the private health sector in Uganda.

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Watson, Pamela, and n/a. "Changing distribution systems: bon voyage to your travel agent?" University of Canberra. Information Management &Tourism, 2002. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20050726.151525.

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Travel agents, traditionally the sector of the travel and tourism industry that has held a strong position of power by providing an important link in the distribution channel between principals and consumers, are now finding their business under threat. Rapid changes in consumer demand, information technology and business systems are impacting on travel agency viability around the world. Increasing distribution costs have seen travel principals aiming to reach their customers with distribution that is much more direct than in the past, cutting the travel agent out of the system, or at the very least, reducing agency commissions. Strategic alliances have also given suppliers - particularly airlines - marketing synergies, and again reduced their need to rely on agents to distribute their product. Further synergies have come from the use of diagonal integration, a process whereby firms use information technologies to logically combine services for best productivity and most profitability; for example, Internet booking plus electronic ticketing. In addition the motivations and consumer behaviour of travellers are changing. The &64;new tourists&64; want experiences, not just a vacation, are more likely to know what they want, to do their own pre-purchase research, and to have a stronger preference for tailor-made arrangements. This market is independent, and more likely to rely on the Internet as a source of tourism information than to rely on the services of a travel agent to plan their trip. This thesis analyses the changes in the travel and tourism distribution system that point towards the apparent disintermediation of travel agents, and makes recommendations for new marketing strategies for travel agents, so that they may retain their viability into the twenty-first century.

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Gupta, Arjun P. (Arjun Premchand). "Governance mechanisms for infrastructure public-private partnerships : focus on India." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/68448.

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Thesis (S.M. in Technology and Policy)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division, 2011.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 88-102).
Infrastructure PPPs encounter unexpected changes in the technological, economic, social and political environments over their long lifetimes. They require governance frameworks that enable them to continue to deliver services efficiently and effectively when faced with such uncertainties. This thesis compares and contrasts alternative governance mechanisms that have been tried and tested over time and across geographies, with a focus on India. The usual governance mechanisms based on contracts or independent regulatory agencies appear to be insufficient in the face of turbulence. Contractual frameworks, wherein the public and private partners enter into long-term contracts that allocate risks, specify performance levels, tariffs and other terms of agreement, are effective in soliciting investment from the private sector. However, since all possible future scenarios and associated contingencies cannot be specified a priori, contracts are incomplete and contractual governance by itself inadequate. Regulatory frameworks, wherein independent regulators exercise discretion in setting tariffs and service levels in order to respond to changes over time are expensive and inefficient Moreover, they are inadequate by themselves in the complex institutional environments that characterize infrastructure in countries such as India. Most critically, the thesis finds that governance based on contracts and regulation seems to emphasize, institutionalize and reinforce antagonistic relationships between public and private 'partners'. To respond to unforeseen changes, however, it is necessary to move the focus away from arms-length relationships towards structures that emphasize real partnership. Based on case studies of successful PPPs in India, the thesis identifies best practices in engaging public sector partners and key stakeholders in projects, for instance through financial partnerships or representation on the project companies' Board of Directors. It finds that such structural mechanisms are effective supplements to the usual governance frameworks. Finally, the thesis proposes that the model of infrastructure delivery using Independent Public Authorities holds promise for infrastructure delivery in India. The ability of IPAs to mobilize private investment, engage public sector partners and internalize negotiations calls for further exploration of their suitability in Indian conditions.
by Arjun P. Gupta.
S.M.in Technology and Policy

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Belkin, Markus, and markus belkin@rmit edu au. "An Assessment of Information Systems Effectiveness in Private and Hospital Pathology." RMIT University. Business Information Technology, 2009. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20090513.160738.

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This research investigates the role of laboratory information systems on business outcomes in medical pathology in Australia. Pathology information systems are inherently large-scale systems handling large numbers of data daily to service not only the pathology laboratory itself, but also referring medical practitioners. Patient results are often required in a

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Kjellén, Marianne. "From Public Pipes to Private Hands : Water Access and Distribution in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Kulturgeografiska institutionen, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-1212.

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In cities around the world, public water systems have increasingly come to be operated by private companies. Along with an internationally funded investment program to refurbish the dilapidated water infrastructure, private operations were tested also in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Only about a third of the households, however, are reached by the piped water system there; most households purchase water from those with pipe-connections or private boreholes. Thus, water distribution was informally privatized by way of water vending long before formal private sector participation began. This thesis explores individual and collective endeavors in water development, distribution, and access, along with the global and local influences that shaped the privatization exercise. With regard to the lease of Dar es Salaam’s water system, the institutional set-up has been found to mix the British and French models, having influenced the local situation through development assistance and conditionalities tied to loans. The institutional contradictions may have contributed to the conflictive cancellation of the lease arrangement. Due to the public utility company’s lack of operating capital and investment planning, infrastructure development has responded mainly to immediate individual demands, resulting in a spaghetti-like network and structural leakage. The long-standing under-performance and low coverage of the piped water system have forced many people to devise their own ways to access water. This thesis argues that the individually-devised artisan ways of water provisioning constitute the life-line of Dar es Salaam’s water system. Yet, they also undermine and divert resources away from the collectively-devised industrial form of piped water provision.

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Kjellén, Marianne. "From public pipes to private hands : water access and distribution in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania /." Stockholm : Stockholm university, Department of human geography, 2006. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb410661953.

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Hashimoto, Masafumi. "Public-private partnerships in space projects : an analysis of stakeholder dynamics." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/52751.

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Thesis (S.M. in Technology and Policy)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division, Technology and Policy Program, 2009.
This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 102-107).
In Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs), private partners assume more responsibility for public projects than in traditional approaches. The larger responsibility of the private partner is expected to improve efficiencies of the project. However, it also increases potential challenges such as conflicts of interest. If the dynamic structures which cause challenges in PPPs are identified, they will help to predict potential challenges in future PPP projects. Therefore, this research develops a dynamics model of which challenges arise in the application of PPP approaches to space projects. The PPP dynamics model is illustrated by using system dynamics modeling. In the first step, this research develops a traditional-approach model. In the second step, it proposes the PPP model, which is a modification of the traditional-approach model. In the third step, this research tests the PPP model by applying it to four space-related PPP cases: the European navigation system Galileo, the Japanese navigation system QZSS, the Japanese launch vehicle GX, and the U.S. launch vehicle families EELV. The PPP model passes these four tests. In the PPP model, three variables play important roles: conflicts of interest among parties, user satisfaction, and the private partner's revenue risk. The three variables represent interests of stakeholders such as the public sector, private partners, and users. Conflicts of interest among parties increase cost schedule inefficiencies. More cost schedule inefficiencies lead to less user satisfaction. Less user satisfaction results in more revenue risk for the private partner. More revenue risk for the private partner leads to more conflicts of interest among parties.
(cont.) Thus, the interaction of stakeholder interests forms a reinforcing loop unique to PPPs. Additionally, unexpected technical and demand problems strengthen the reinforcement. This reinforcing loop and these unexpected problems are the inherent sources of challenges in space-related PPP projects. Lessons for improving the dynamic structures of space-related PPPs are (1) to set cost saving as the primary goal, (2) to choose the government customer market, and (3) to adopt conservative technical and demand forecasts. Based on these lessons, this research proposes that potential missions suitable for future space-related PPPs might be telecommunication, Earth observation, and meteorological monitoring for governments' use.
by Masafumi Hashimoto.
S.M.in Technology and Policy

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12

Sutherland, David. "An evaluation of public and private groundwater irrigation systems in Bangladesh and Pakistan." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.269526.

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Tan, Kwan Chong. "Stimulating carbon efficient supply chains : carbon labels and voluntary public private partnerships." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/52752.

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Thesis (S.M. in Technology and Policy)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division, Technology and Policy Program, 2009.
This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 151-163).
This thesis looks at the potential of labeling products with life cycle greenhouse gas emission information as a bottom-up, complementary alternative to carbon cap and trade systems. By improving the transparency of product carbon footprint information, a market for low carbon intensity products can be created. The conduct of such product life cycle assessments often allows companies to uncover cost effective emission reduction opportunities typically in the order of 10%-20%. Society benefits both from the increased supply chain efficiency of these companies as well as the heightened awareness of climate change among consumers as companies communicate these information to them. An examination of the history of the development of the nutritional label and various eco-labels in the U.S. highlights the importance of timely government intervention in setting guidelines and standards to prevent companies from misleading consumers with unsubstantiated product health or environmental claims. Case studies of current carbon labeling initiatives worldwide demonstrate the benefits of government affiliation in building credibility during their early stages. This affiliation helps in attracting the participation of large established companies who provide strong reinforcing effects that are crucial to the growth and success of new initiatives. There is still lack of consensus about the ideal format for a carbon label. A seal of approval type label could be ideal to attract companies in the initial stages which can later be succeeded by an information disclosure based format as more consumers start to understand the meaning of product carbon footprints in the future.
(cont.) Voluntary public private partnerships have been used extensively by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. These partnerships can serve as a potential model for a future carbon labeling initiative in the U.S. The SmartWay Transport Partnership is highlighted as a successful program both in terms of membership growth and emissions saved. System Dynamics modeling is applied as a tool to aid in understanding how the structure of such programs is critical to their success and is demonstrated as a method to potentially quantify the benefits of these programs prior to their actual implementation.
by Kwan Chong Tan.
S.M.in Technology and Policy

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Salleh, Hasnul Bin Mohamad. "Evaluation of non-revenue water and leakage in public and private water supply systems." Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/525.

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Disraelly, Deena S. (Deena Sara) 1974. "Public-private partnerships : security and emergency response collaboration in a new threat environment." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/34783.

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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division, Technology and Policy Program; and, (M. Eng. in Logistics)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division, 2004.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 218-225).
September 11th, 2001 marks the worst terrorist action to occur on United States soil and opens a new period in history in which indiscriminate terrorist acts are possible, if not probable. Many of these possible acts, as well as the actions to prevent and recover, will have an impact on the supply chain and services in ways that we cannot yet understand. Previous research has focused on theft prevention and the disruptions such thefts might cause, and very little research on the supply chain impacts of September 11th exist. What is clear, however, is that as government agencies include the creation of public-private partnerships as well as the introduction of new technology, increasing inventory, and building system resilience, among others. Limited examples of public-private partnerships for security exist, however, there are several examples of partnerships for emergency response. Since both emergency response partnerships and security collaboratives share the same objective - to protect and secure the personnel, facilities, and supply chain - this thesis investigates emergency response, early detection, and propose new policies and regulations and the threat of international terrorism continues, corporate America needs to find a method for securing their operations. These methods may post-September 11th security examples to determine the key factors in establishing successful public-private partnerships. The learnings indicate collaborative partnerships and emergency response cooperatives are the most commonly used for promoting security and that motivation, cooperative goals, communication and trust are the most important factors to creating successful partnerships. Other factors vary by level of importance depending
(cont.) on the type of partnership. Public regulation requires private cooperation in order to succeed. Similarly, private sector security relies on public sector concurrence. The greater the recognized interdependence between the public and private sector, the more likely the partnership is to succeed. Recommendations include introductory steps to creating such partnerships, as well as proposed actions which both sectors should consider to ensure partnership success.
by Deena S. Disraelly.
M.Eng.in Logistics
S.M.

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Parsons, Melissa, and n/a. "Scales of macroinverterbrate distribution in relation to the hierarchical organisation of river systems." University of Canberra. Science & Design, 2001. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20061113.150809.

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The distribution of macroinvertebrate communities is influenced by a myriad of abiotic environmental factors. However, many of these environmental factors do not occur randomly within a river system. Rather, they occur as a result of geomorphological processes that operate hierarchically to constrain the expression of environmental factors at successively nested levels. As a result of the hierarchical expression of geomorphological processes, environmental factors occur at characteristic scales within a river system and can be used to define spatial scales of river system organisation. Previous studies have examined multiscale patterns of benthic macroinvertebrate community distribution using scales of measurement such as ecoregions, catchments, rivers, reaches and functional habitats. However, none of these studies used scales derived from a geomorphological hierarchy to examine patterns of macroinvertebrate distribution. Given that macroinvertebrates are often deterministically influenced by environmental factors, and these environmental factors occur at characteristic scales within a geomorphological hierarchy, it is possible that the multiscale distribution of macroinvertebrate communities may correspond to the hierarchical arrangement of a river system. This study used scales of measurement derived from a geomorphological hierarchy to examine whether there was any congruence between the distribution of macroinvertebrate communities and the organisation of a river system at the catchment, zone, reach and riffle scales. The Upper Murrumbidgee River Catchment study area (13 005km/2) was divided into catchments, zones within catchments, reaches within zones and riffles within reaches. Macroinvertebrate collection was stratified across these scales according to a balanced nested hierarchical design, and environmental data were also collected at the catchment, zone, reach and riffle scales. Simultaneous multiscale treatment of biological and environmental data allowed identification of multiscale patterns of macroinvertebrate distribution in relation to the hierarchical organisation of a river system, as well as identification of hierarchical interactions between macroinvertebrate communities and environmental factors. Multivariate (ANOSIM, classification, ordination) and univariate (Nested ANOVA) statistical techniques were employed, and each analysis was performed at the species and family levels of taxonomy. Macroinvertebrate communities were highly similar within a reach, because this is the point in the geomorphological hierarchy where environmental conditions become more homogeneous, relative to larger scales. Conversely, communities were dissimilar at the larger zone and catchment scales because environmental conditions become more heterogeneous, relative to smaller scales. However, the reach within zone scale also represents the point where sampling reaches become distinct across the landscape, and the similarity of macroinvertebrate communities within a reach may also be related to the spatial proximity of samples. Hence, macroinvertebrate community distribution is only congruent with the smaller scales of river system organisation. Despite the lack of congruence between macroinvertebrate community distribution and the larger catchment and zone scales of river system organisation, there was a strong regional pattern of distribution in the Upper Murrumbidgee River Catchment. This regional-scale pattern self-emerges from biological information, and is larger than the geomorphologically derived catchment scale. Partitioning of macroinvertebrate data into regional groups subsequently revealed some congruence between macroinvertebrate distribution and the catchment and zone scales of river system organisation. An alternative hierarchy consisting of biological regions, biological clusters, geomorphological reaches and geomorphological riffles was marginally better able to capture patterns of macroinvertebrate distribution than the original catchment, zone, reach and riffle scales. Thus, consideration of the hierarchical organisation of stream systems from a purely physical perspective may fail to encompass scales that are relevant to biota, and biological information should be included as a primary hierarchical component of landscape-scale studies of macroinvertebrate distribution. The pattern of region and reach-scale macroinvertebrate distribution was matched by a general pattern of large catchment and local reach-scale environmental influence. This occurred despite testing of catchment, zone, reach and riffle-scale environmental variables against both the scaled and non-scale pattern of macroinvertebrate distribution. Macroinvertebrate communities were influenced by local reach-scale characteristics such as riparian vegetation character and channel morphology, but rifflescale hydrological variables were also associated with some headwater communities. However, macroinvertebrate communities also sit within a broader landscape context and are influenced by large catchment-scale factors such as landuse, or by factors indicating the geographical position of the sample or the size of the stream. The large and local-scale environmental variables that influence macroinvertebrates are related within a geomorphological hierarchy, and macroinvertebrates may respond deterministically to the same type of environmental factor expressed at different scales. These responses should not be treated as statistical correlates, but rather, they should be viewed in the context of a hierarchy of river system organisation. There was little difference in the overall scale-related findings between species and family level. Family-level macroinvertebrate communities were similar within a reach and dissimilar among reaches, zones and catchments and there was a large regionalscale pattern of family-level community distribution. Local reach-scale and large catchment-scale environmental factors were most strongly associated with family-level macroinvertebrate distribution. Replication of these scale-related findings at both levels of taxonomy indicates that aggregation from species to family level does not result in loss of ecological information pertaining to primary hierarchical patterns. However, the difference between species and family level was pronounced when tracing the hierarchical occurrence of individual taxa, in the context of theories such as the landscape filters hypothesis and habitat based model. In particular, there was a shift in the scale at which families began to be removed from the hierarchy from the region to the smaller cluster scale. This shift was related to the lowered distinctiveness of familylevel regional macroinvertebrate groups, but also suggests that environmental filters may act differently on species and families. The use of family-level data is not recommended for the testing of theories of hierarchical taxon occurrence, because these theories rely on the accurate detection of precise macroinvertebrate-environment relationships. The use of scales of measurement derived from a geomorphological hierarchy provides a process-based foundation for marrying the biological and physical domains, and for examining the hierarchical interactions that may occur between these domains. However, the results of this study indicate that overlaying the biological and physical domains is not a straightforward task, because the biological domain may be influenced by factors other than the deterministic relationship between macroinvertebrates and environmental conditions. Regardless, this study has taken some basic principles of fluvial geomorphology and incorporated them into the design of a standard stream ecology study. Given the relatively advanced state of knowledge that exists individually in the disciplines of fluvial geomorphology and stream ecology, integration and application of concepts across disciplines represents an exciting future opportunity in aquatic science.

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Bataineh, Mohammad Saleh. "Stochastic systems : models and polices [sic] /." View thesis View thesis, 2001. http://library.uws.edu.au/adt-NUWS/public/adt-NUWS20030724.135734/index.html.

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Thesis (M.Sc. (Hons.)) -- University of Western Sydney, 2001.
"A thesis presented to the University of Western Sydney in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science" Bibliography : leaves 65-69.

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Pitts, Bobby. "DLA/FedEx premium service effects on defense distribution inventories and shipments." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/2882.

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This research reviews and evaluates the FedExÃ¢ s Premium Service Program currently being used by DLA customers. The research will examine some of the benefits and costs of this co-locating of DOD warehousing and shipping operation managed by a commercial express transportation carrier. The research will view the possible benefits gained through commercial inventory and transportation practices by partnering a third party logistics service with the Defense Transportation System. DLA and FedEx have formed a partnership called DLA Premium Service. Premium Service is the only DoD warehousing operation that is co-located with and managed by a commercial express transportation carrier at FedEx main transportation hub. Premium Service System allows users to position materials in the Memphis facility for expedited delivery to the required destinations worldwide. All items are guaranteed, under contract, to be delivered to their continental U.S. (CONUS) destination within 24 hours and within 48 hours to outside of CONUS (OCONUS) to the major airports serviced by FedEx. Items will be delivered to the OCONUS final destination 24 hours of release from customs holding area at the airport. The service provides advance notification to streamline customs requirements of all OCONUS shipments.

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MENDONCA, CRISTINA LUBRANO DE. "REAL OPTIONS THEORY: APPLICATION TO PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPS (PPP), A CASE STUDY IN SUBWAY SYSTEMS." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2014. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=24387@1.

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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO
COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR
PROGRAMA DE SUPORTE À PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO DE INSTS. DE ENSINO
A PPP (Parcerias Públicos-Privados) tem por objetivo viabilizar projetos de infraestrutura através da concessão de algum tipo de apoio governamental com garantias ou aportes de recursos, visando mitigar o risco do projeto tornando-o mais atrativo para o setor privado. Este estudo utiliza a metodologia de opções reais para modelar o impacto dos incentivos do governo no contrato de concessão sobre o valor do projeto. A análise de projeto sob esta ótica considera as flexibilidades especificas do projeto em estudo, tornando o projeto viável que antes poderia não ser atrativo ao investidor privado, em função das grandes incertezas existentes sobre a demanda prevista. Será realizado um estudo de caso baseado na Manifestação de Interesse da Iniciativa Privada – MIP 03/2012, que tem por objetivo o início da licitação de concessão ou PPP para a implantação, manutenção, e operação do serviço de transporte metroviário da LINHA 3 do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, entre os Municípios de Niterói e São Gonçalo.
The PPP (Public-Private Partnership) aims to facilitate infrastructure projects by granting some form of government support with guarantees or capital injections, to mitigate project risk by making it more attractive to the private sector. In this study, we will use the methodology of Real Options to model the impact of government incentives in the contract of concession on the value of the project. The analysis of the project by this point of view considers the specific flexibilities of the project being studied, making the project feasible which previously might not be attractive to the private investor, according to the major uncertainties about the expected demand. It will be done a study case based in the Expression of Interest from Private Initiative - MIP 03/2012 that has as objective the start of the bidding for concession or PPP for deployment, maintenance and operation of the Subway Systems service from Line 3 of Rio de Janeiro State, between the cities of Niterói and São Gonçalo.

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20

Landman, Annie Petronella. "Growing sustainable food systems : a study of local food distribution initiatives in Stellenbosch." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/6486.

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Thesis (MPhil)--University of Stellenbosch, 2011.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This thesis investigates practical approaches to growing sustainable food systems. It first establishes the condition of the global environment within which food systems function and critically assesses previous efforts to grow sustainable food systems. After applying these findings to a set of case studies on local-food distribution in Stellenbosch, I recommend ways for the local-food distribution network to encourage the growth of a sustainable Stellenbosch food system. The literature review provides an overview of the global environment in relation to food systems and lists certain contextual challenges that food systems must address to become sustainable. These challenges are social inequality, an urban future, degraded ecosystems, climate change, energy constraints, a growing global population and food insecurity. The literature review also describes how commercialisation has disembedded food systems from their contexts. This disembeddedness loosens the feedback loops food systems require to effectively respond to contextual challenges and consequently hinders their sustainability. The critical overview of previous attempts to re-embed food systems provides insight into practical ways of growing sustainable food systems. The overview demonstrates that while localisation and the building of social capital should not be seen as the ultimate goals of sustainable food systems, they can be useful mechanisms for nurturing sustainability if applied carefully. The case studies describe ten local-food distribution initiatives in Stellenbosch, and are informed by numerous in-depth semi-structured interviews. My conceptual framework contrasts each initiative’s self-reported vision, perceived reality, and realised actions; this highlights the conceptual and physical network connections between various local-food distribution initiatives, as well as the factors preventing and promoting their sustainability. The case studies show that although a local-food distribution network exists in Stellenbosch, it is fragile and lacks defined conceptual connections. This in turn constrains the formation of physical connections and thus the food system’s progress toward sustainability. The local-food distribution network in Stellenbosch can catalyse the growth of a sustainable food system because its initiatives focus on localisation but do not see it as a final objective. This shared focus indicates that localisation already constitutes a practical tool in the growth of a sustainable food system; however, the network’s lack of social capital still needs to be addressed. Inclusive projects designed to create and protect intellectual, political and economic spaces for reflection within the food system can generate the social capital necessary to grow a sustainable food system. The realisation of a sustainable Stellenbosch food system therefore depends on those with the capacity and resources to initiate the necessary changes.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie tesis ondersoek praktiese benaderings waarmee volhoubare kossisteme bevorder kan word. Dit stel eerstens die toestand van die globale omgewing waarin kossisteme funksioneer vas en oorweeg krities vorige pogings wat volhoubare kossisteme probeer bevorder het. Na ek hierdie bevindings toepas op ’n stel gevallestudies van inisiatiewe wat plaaslik-geproduseerde kos in Stellenbosch versprei, kom ek met voorstelle vorendag vir dié verspreidingsnetwerk om die groei van ’n volhoubare Stellenbosch-kossisteem aan te moedig. Die literatuurstudie omskryf ’n oorsig van die globale omgewing met betrekking tot kossisteme en lys sekere kontekstuele uitdagings wat kossisteme moet aanspreek om volhoubaar te wees. Die uitdagings is maatskaplike ongelykheid, ’n verstedelikte toekoms, verswakte ekosisteme, klimaatsverandering, energiebeperkings, ’n groeiende globale bevolking en voedselonsekerheid. Die literatuurstudie bepaal ook dat kommersialisering kossisteme uit hulle omgewings ontwortel. Hierdie ontwortelling verswak die terugvoerbane wat kossisteme benodig om effektief op kontekstuele uitdagings te reageer en verhoed hulle volhoubaarheid. Die kritiese oorsig van vorige pogings om kossisteme nuwe wortels te laat skiet gee insig tot praktiese maniere om volhoubare kossisteme te bevorder. Die oorsig wys daarop dat terwyl lokalisering en die bou van maatskaplike kapitaal nie as die slotsom van volhoubare kossisteme beskou moet word nie, albei nuttige tegnieke kan wees vir die aankweek van volhoubaarheid indien hulle met sorg aangewend word. Die gevallestudies beskryf tien verspreidings-inisiatiewe van plaaslik-geproduseerde kos in Stellenbosch en is ingelig deur verskeie in-diepte, semi-gestruktureerde onderhoude. My konsepsuele raamwerk kontrasteer elke gevallestudie se self-verklaarde visie, veronderstelde realiteit en gerealiseerde aksies. Dit lig die begrips- en fisiesenetwerkkonneksies tussen die inisiatiewe uit en stel ’n aantal faktore bloot wat die netwerk se volhoubare groei positief en negatief beïnvloed. Die gevallestudies wys daarop dat alhoewel ’n verspreingsnetwerk van plaaslik-geproduseerde kos in Stellenbosch bestaan, dié netwerk swak is en omskrewe begripskonneksies kort. Om die beurt verhinder dit die formasie van fisiese konneksies en weerhou die kossisteem se vordering na volhoubaarheid. Die verspreidingsnetwerk van plaaslik-geproduseerde kos in Stellenbosch kan die groei van ‘n volhoubare kossisteem kataliseer omdat die inisiatiewe waaruit dit bestaan deur ’n gemeenskaplike fokus op lokalisering verbind word, maar dit nie as hulle einddoel beskou nie. Hierdie gedeelde fokus wys daarop dat lokalisering reeds ’n bruikbare tegniek vir die groei van ‘n volhoubare kossisteem is, maar die tekort aan maatskaplike kapitaal binne die netwerk moet steeds aangespreek word. Inklusiewe projekte wat saamgestel word om intellektuele, politiese en ekonomiese ruimtes vir besinning binne die kossisteem te bevorder en te bewaar, kan die nodige maatskaplike kapitaal kweek om ’n volhoubare kossisteem te vestig. Die verwesenliking van ’n volhoubare Stellenbosch-kossisteem hang dus van diegene af wat die kapasiteit en hulpbronne het om die nodige veranderings in te lei.

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21

Parsons, Blair. "Assessing the Management of Public Private Partnerships In Infrastructure Procurement: A Complex Evolutionary Systems Theory Perspective." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/35319.

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This dissertation focuses on the findings of a multi-case study centered around two public-private partnership (P3s) projects in Ontario: the Royal Ottawa Hospital and the Brampton Civic Hospital. Partnerships have become particularly important as a part of infrastructure procurement for all levels of government in Canada. While infrastructure public-private partnerships have grown in popularity, they remain a controversial means of procuring public assets. Considerable questions remain as to whether the mechanisms related to partnerships with the private sector represent a sufficient response to the challenges facing health care systems. As such, major avenues exist for contributions in the form of evidence-based examinations to the field of knowledge pertaining to hospital procurement. A body of research literature and review of public-private partnerships, including those with a particular focus on health-sector projects in Canada, has grown over the past two decades. This study contributes an analysis of the relationship between public and private partners to that literature, utilizing a conceptual lens developed out of complex evolutionary systems theory. The study is intended to examine the capacity of public managers entering into a public-private partnership arrangement to successfully activate agents and utilize the skill and knowledge of these agents, conduct joint fact finding and consensus building, and better understand how they have arranged and organized joint interactions between the public and private sector. The two case studies demonstrate the key inputs into the decision-making processes for what were formative health infrastructure partnership projects in Ontario, providing an assessment of the degree to which the government of Ontario was successful in managing a cooperative decision-making process that stressed inclusion and horizontal steering. Results find that public managers struggled in some ways to leverage an effective horizontal management style and engage in smart interventions to utilize expert knowledge to address knowledge gaps, contributing to stagnating negotiations and driving up transaction costs for the projects. Some noteworthy successes were experienced in the case of the Royal Ottawa Hospital in leveraging private-sector knowledge to develop performance metrics, and the approach to stakeholder engagement in this case presents positive lessons-learned for future P3 infrastructure projects.

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Baier, Patrick [Verfasser], and Kurt [Akademischer Betreuer] Rothermel. "Efficient query distribution and positioning in public sensing systems / Patrick Baier. Betreuer: Kurt Rothermel." Stuttgart : Universitätsbibliothek der Universität Stuttgart, 2015. http://d-nb.info/107776829X/34.

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23

Whyle, Eleanor Beth. "An organisational typology of public private engagement for health in Southern Africa: A systematic review." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/15600.

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In Southern Africa, as elsewhere, public-private engagement (PPE) for the provision and financing of healthcare is considered a pervasive and valuable mechanism for meeting the health needs of the population. A wide range of mechanisms for engagement are available, each with organisational models that make them suited to overcoming particular barriers in particular health system contexts. The extent to which a PPE initiative produces the desired outcome is largely dependent on the organisational structure of the collaboration. This study uses scoping and systematic review methods to develop a typology of PPE models visible in Southern Africa and investigate the organisational variations between them. While a variety of PPE models are utilised in the current Southern African context, donor-dependency remains high and there is room to expand engagement of this sort by adopting more innovative mechanisms for engagement and organisational models. An account of the models of PPE being initiated in the Southern African context constitutes a first step toward an analysis of the effectiveness of various mechanisms, and points the way to areas of possible expansion of efforts to engage with the non-state health sector to more effectively align goals in the interest of public health. To some extent, possible models are determined by country context and state capacity. Nonetheless private resources for health, including capital, human resources and technical capacity of for-profit and not-for-profit non-state health sector organisations, represent a rich source of health systems resources that could be more fully utilised through more innovative PPE initiatives for delivery and financing of health care.

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Harman, Lee A. "A study of effective management development delivery systems utilized in selected private and public sector organizations." Virtual Press, 1988. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/535896.

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The purpose of the study was to compare and contrast current management development delivery systems in the public sector with the private sector. Data was gathered through on-site interviews with five private and five public sector organizations. The organizations were selected for the study with the help of expert panels. Panel members also assisted in refining the structured interview guide used to collect data.Data obtained by the interviews were analyzed using a binomial test for differences in proportion to determine significant differences between responses of the public sector and the private sector interviewees. Open ended questions were compared and reported in narrative form.Data collected support the following conclusions:1. The importance of involving individual participants in planning for management development programs has been shown.2. A number of practices endorsed by respondents and identified in the data may serve as components of a model for program implementation.3. The literature supports the need to correlate management development activitites to events-based, on-the-job activities.4. A weakness appears to exist in current management development programs in regard to the lack of use of personal recognition as an incentive.5. The literature cites the need to increase funds for future programming needs.6. Changes in salary/wage policies may need to occur.7. Ambiguous goals are a reason for the failure of many management development programs.8. Evaluation techniques are utilized to assess individual program offerings rather than to measure improvement in on-the-job performance.9. Raise in income is preferred as an incentive in the public sector.10. Promotion is preferred as an incentive in the private sector.11. Development programs are hindered by a perceived lack of available time.
Department of Educational Administration and Supervision

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25

Watson, Dale, and dale watson@ecosec com au. "The Regional Distribution and Significance of Stream Turbidity in Victoria." RMIT University. Mathematical and Geospatial Sciences, 2006. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20070206.150045.

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This thesis investigates the distribution and significance of stream turbidity in Victoria; specifically exploring the factors that may have influenced the pattern of regional variation in turbidity, and factors that give it significance in the regional, social, cultural and environmental context. The limits to water availability are set, not only by the quantity of water in storages or streams but, more fundamentally, by acceptable levels of water quality and catchment health. To make effective judgements of water availability managers of water resources need to know the significance of measured natural resource condition in the regional context. Stream turbidity can be considered by the agricultural community as a sign of soil erosion and a loss of agricultural potential, while from the ecological perspective it can be considered a sign of deteriorating river health. Fundamentally, levels of turbidity are closely bound with land use practice and, in the Australian context, turbidity can be considered a measure of the consequences of land management practices on soil erosion and run-off. Measured levels of turbidity in Victoria should be interpreted within the context of a unique history and geography. The spread of European colonisation and the introduction of massive land use change to the Victorian landscape have meant that over most of Victoria current levels of turbidity reflect the effects of over a hundred and fifty years of large scale intervention with its controlling factors. In Victoria current levels of turbidity are interpreted in a cultural context far different from that of early colonists or even of a few decades ago. The concept of Ecologically Sustainable Development which has dominated natural resource management in recent times brings new responsibilities to resource managers. Ecologically sustainable management means that resources must be considered in a more inclusive spatial and temporal context. In the early stage of Victoria's history sustainable management of water meant having enough water left from winter rains to supplement summer supply. However, in recent years, it has begun to have more complex associations; sustainable water use is now, almost universally considered to include maintenance of the environmental health of waterways, and by implication, the environmental health of the whole catchment. In this context, stream turbidity can be considered a useful indicator of catchment health, in particular, because levels of turbidity bear a direct physical relationship to catchment processes. New tools are needed to explore the relationship between land use and water quality at the regional scale. The results of this current research include a regional statistical model of stream turbidity, which is conceptually designed to offer useful predictions of stream turbidity and underpin sustainable resource management. The statistical model was used as input to the development of a unique map display using Geographic Information Systems (GIS). The GIS is used to display the distribution of model predictions over a large region of south-eastern Australia. The practical advantage of this modelling approach is that it provides managers with the ability to identify locations in Victoria where measured water quality differs significantly from modelled water quality and flag them for further investigation. The major project outputs are a map of Victorian Water Quality Monitoring Network (VWQMN) catchments showing catchments in Victoria where measured turbidity differs from model predictions and a raster representation of the state of Victoria in which cell values indicate predicted stream turbidity. Important to this project was the novel use of GIS technology to process large national and regional scale digital data sets using tools developed for catchment scale hydrological models.

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26

Al-Humaidi, Soo'ud. "The distribution of Kuwaiti manpower between the public and the private sectors : an empirical analysis and its policy implications." Thesis, University of Leeds, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.288922.

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27

Park, Sungmin. "An enquiry into the temporal coordination of Groupware Calendar Systems (GCS) : conceptualizing the private and public perspectives." Thesis, Brunel University, 2006. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/5327.

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Groupware Calendar Systems (GCS), asynchronous on-line meeting schedulers are designed to fulfil the increased need for coordination of work, by supporting time management of temporally and geographically dispersed individuals and groups. From a study of the literature on GCS adoption, a premise was constructed that temporal coordination of GCS requires a marriage of conflicting private and public perspectives. This is based on the fact that firstly, the system has to support both individual and group work, and secondly, generally considered `private' information has to be publicized by individuals. However, there is a lack of understanding of the dynamism of these perspectives especially in relation to the process of temporal coordination in GCS. The aim of this thesis is to understand and conceptualize temporal coordination of GCS. The research strategy of this thesis adopts a `grounded approach' together with a `progressive research approach' to investigate the GCS phenomenon. The actions and processes of GCS-in-use are examined using the case study method. The research design progressively refines and reflects upon the findings in two stages: stage-one, two pilot studies and stage-two, two case studies. A selection of data collection techniques were used in order to obtain a rich data set via semi-structured in-depth interviews, observations, questionnaires, documentation and photographs. The analysis employed a pattern-matching technique and the `SCOT' framework, modified to examine the process of temporal coordination and the dynamic relationships produced in GCS which led to the construction of a new conceptual model. This model of 'reflective temporal equilibrium' presents the state of temporal coordination, formed by the phenomenon of continuous conflict between the private and public perspectives. The outcomes of this thesis provide a clearer theoretical picture of GCS, consequently leading to implications for its future design and adoption for better coordination and collaboration of work.

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28

Sakala, Henry. "Public-private partnerships in the transport sector : a case study of the railway systems of Zambia Limited." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/980.

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Thesis (MDF (Development Finance))--University of Stellenbosch, 2009.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Historically, passenger railway service has played a vital role in the socio-economic activities in Zambia. Its capacity to transport a great mass of people at a low cost has had a profound appeal, especially amongst the low-income segment of society, in this country. This research report sought to examine the concessioning process for Railway Systems of Zambia Limited in relation to international best practice, to examine the extent of passenger train delays in relation to acceptable international standards and to recommend policy and remedial measures. A review of relevant literature on public-private partnerships in infrastructure projects including passenger railway concessioning and passenger train punctuality, in relation to international standards was undertaken. The research covered the period 2002 to 2007, with an average sample size of 11% (144 passenger train trips out of 1 344). Data from timetables and train logbooks, relating to arriving and departing trains, enabled the computation of the extent of delays or punctuality of trains. While international best practice requires passenger trains to operate at between 90% and 95% punctuality rate within 10 to 15 minutes of the timetable, Railway Systems of Zambia’s passenger trains, for the period 2004 to 2007, recorded between 92% and 100% delay rates for trains expected to arrive within 10 and 15 minutes of the timetable. The maximum delay for the arrival of a train in 2005 was 1 422 minutes (23 hours 42 minutes). Therefore, this research report recommends the formulation of a policy framework, a legal and regulatory framework and the establishment of an institutional arrangement that will be responsible for public-private partnerships projects in Zambia. In addition, increased investment in the railway infrastructure by the concessionaire is recommended in order for trains to increase speed and therefore improve their punctuality.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Histories het spoorweg passasiersdienste nog altyd ‘n deurslaggewende rol in die sosio-ekonomiese aktiwiteite van Zambië gespeel. Die kapasiteit om groot massas mense teen ‘n lae koste te vervoer, was baie aanloklik in hierdie land, veral vir die lae-inkomstegroep van die gemeenskap. Hierdie navorsingsverslag poog om die konsessioneringsproses van die Spoorwegsisteem van Zambië Beperk, in verhouding tot internasionale toppraktyke, te ondersoek; om die omvang van passasierstreinvertragings in verhouding tot internasionaal aanvaarbare standaarde te ondersoek en ook om beleid en herstellende veranderings aan die hand te doen. ‘n Verslag van toepaslike letterkunde oor publiek-private vennootskappe in infrastruktuurprojekte, wat spoorweg passassiers konsessionering en stiptelikheid van passasierstreine vergelyk met internasionale standaarde, is onderneem. Die navorsing dek die periode van 2002 tot 2007, met ‘n gemiddelde steekproef grootte van 11% (144 passasiers treinritte uit ‘n total van 1 344). Data van treinroosters en treinjoernale, wat verband hou met die aankoms en vertrek van treine, het die berekening van die omvang van vertragings of stiptelikheid van die treine moontlik gemaak. Terwyl internasionale toppraktyke vereis dat passasierstreine binne ‘n 90% en 95% stiptelikheidskoers van 10 tot 15 minute, volgens die reisrooster, moet funksioneer, het die passasierstreine van Zambië vir die periode van 2004 tot 2007, ‘n vertragingskoers van tussen 92% en 100% vir treine wat binne 10 tot 15 minute van die reisrooster se tye moes aankom, aangeteken. Die maksimum vertraging op die aankomstyd van ‘n trein was in 2005 teen 1 422 minutes (23 hours 42 minutes). Derhalwe beveel hierdie navorsingsverslag aan dat ‘n beleidsraamwerk en ‘n wets- en reguleringsraamwerk geformuleer moet word, asook die instelling van ‘n genootskapsooreenkoms, wat verantwoordelik sal wees vir die publiek-private vennootskapprojekte in Zambië. Ter aanvulling word ‘n verhoogde belegging, deur die konsessionaris, in die spoorweg infrastruktuur aanbeveel sodat treine vinniger kan ry en dus meer stiptelik sal wees.

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29

Mbatha, Thobile. "An examination of the critical success factors for private-public partnerships in the electricity distribution Industry within South African municipalities." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/59872.

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The findings that will be the outcome of this study will provide a solid foundation for Government entities particularly Municipalities as well as the private investors seeking to enter the PPP market in South Africa. The findings will also give insights into the most critical success factors for engaging PPP projects in electricity distribution. Understanding both the perspective from the "funders" and "Municipality management" on what they view to be critical will ensure that a common understanding is sought for the successful implementation of public-private partnerships especially in financing Municipal infrastructure. The findings will also give rise to the interesting test being if the "size of the municipality" matters and if the perceptive from their management varies significantly. With the outcome of this research, the researcher hopes to provide some answers, suggestions and insights on critical considerations that Municipal management and Government spheres have to focus on, in-order to ensure that the backlog identified in the National Development Plan (NDP) and the Municipality's own Integrated Development Plan (IDP) is addressed.
Mini Dissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2017.
sn2017
Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS)
MBA
Unrestricted

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30

Albertus, Rene Winifred. "Public private partnership contract management failure in information technology service delivery: a qualitative inquiry into the South African Department of Labour ERP implementation project." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/23412.

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This PhD research project investigated the failure of a Public Private Partnership (PPP) ICT service delivery project between the South African Department of Labour (DOL) and Siemens Information Services (SIS). The research investigated conditions contributing to management failure of the Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) Implementation project, which had the objective of improving the Department of Labour's service operations and the transfer of ERP technology competence to the DOL. An important objective of this research was to develop an understanding of the special challenges of PPP management in the context of emerging and developing countries. International organizations such as the IMF, World Bank and United Nations (UN) have been encouraging emerging and developing countries to adopt PPPs as vehicles for developing technology competence and improving public sector efficiency. However, little research has been conducted to discover whether these countries have the competencies to successfully implement and manage PPPs. The goal of this PhD study was to develop an understanding of factors and conditions influencing the DOL-SIS PPP failure in order to develop theory and approaches, which could help improve management practices in the area of contracting-out ICT service delivery in the public sector of the Republic of South Africa. The research was guided by an agency theory framework and utilised a multi-method approach to conduct three empirical investigations into the PPP institutional framework, project governance and public accountability aspects of the DOL-SIS project. Some important findings of this research are: (1) Robust institutional policies and governance mechanisms specific to PPPs for ICT service delivery are necessary but not sufficient to combat risks of failure; robust mechanisms for performance monitoring and penalties for shirking are also necessary. (2) Public sector managers need specialised knowledge and competence to effectively manage private partners in the execution of ICT PPP contracts; over dependence on the private partners can significantly increase the risk of project failure, and encourage opportunistic behaviour and shirking by the private partner. (3) Transparent project governance and public accountability mechanisms are necessary to maintaining public support and combating opportunistic behaviour of both private and public partners on a PPP ICT services project. The thesis comprises three empirical studies: Study 1 used an agency theory framework to interrogate the PPP institutional framework to understand its provisions for identifying and managing risk factors in ICT service delivery projects. Study 2 analysed data from interviews with stakeholders, the contract meeting minutes and other relevant documents, guided by the agency theory framework to develop an understanding of project governance challenges. Study 3 focused on identifying public accountability issues and used a critical discourse analysis methodology to interrogate the media discourse concerning the failure of the DOL-SIS ERP Implementation failure. Content analysis with the use of ATLAS/TI and automated tool was used to analyse all the relevant documents for the different studies. The general contribution of this PhD research is an explanatory theory illustrating how interactions among institutional conditions, governance mechanisms, knowledge and management competence deficits, and the behaviour of the PPP actors reinforced dysfunctional organisational conditions, which resulted in project failure. The theory is illustrated using a causal loop modelling technique and a set of five theoretical propositions clarifying the organizational knowledge and competence challenges, which the public sector managers faced, and the consequences of these affecting the success of the PPP project. This is an important contribution to literature on the use of PPPs for ICT service delivery not only in emerging and developing country contexts, but in developed contexts as well. Other contributions specific to the South African perspective are: (1) Study 1 revealed gaps in the institutional framework concerning the management of risks in ICT PPP projects. While South Africa has much experience with managing risks in the engineering and delivery of physical infrastructure, there is a comparable lack experience with managing ICT infrastructure implementation project risks. (2) Studies 1 and 2 reveal gaps in the governance and accountability mechanisms and practices which can be exploited with adverse consequences to the public interest. These studies also point to the importance of robust transparency and governance mechanisms, and high levels of management competence to the effective risk management of PPPs for ICT service delivery. (3) Study 3 reveals importance of the independent media in fostering debate, uncovering evidence, scrutinizing the activities of the actors in the DOL-SIS PPP and defending the public interest. The independent media played a critical role of agitating for public accountability when the DOL was reluctant to do so, and raising issues about SIS underperformance and pushing for public investigation into the governance of the DOL-SIS ERP Implementation project.

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Dontamsetti, Trinadh. "Applying Voronoi Tessellations as a Non-Orthogonal Grid Methodology to Inform Public-Private Mix Efforts in Nigeria: An Examination of the Distribution of Private Healthcare Providers in Six States and the Covariates Underlying Their Utilization." Scholar Commons, 2015. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/5940.

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TB care and prevention is led by the public sector, but many TB symptomatics first seek care in the private sector, highlighting the importance of engaging these facilities. This report examines basic TB epidemiology (such as the gap in case finding that could be addressed in part via private sector activities), health-seeking behaviors (HSB) and diagnostic delays, the size of the private sector, activities of professional societies, and financing. It examines the potential utility of integrating Voronoi tessellations as a GIS-based method for informing and improving Public-Private Mix (PPM) efforts throughout six states in Nigeria. Further, it explores a potential methodology for quantifying the theoretical number of individuals served by each private facility in order to better guide funding allocation to private providers who need it most. Standardized searches of academic papers obtained from PubMed, Google, and of key planning documents from National Tuberculosis Programs (NTPs) were conducted. In Nigeria, PPM is quickly becoming entrenched in healthcare, and Voronoi tessellations supplement these efforts by dividing private provider location data into meaningful and clear partitions. These tessellations were deficient in areas with high levels of clustering (dense urban sprawl), but are suited for examining private provider distribution in rural locations. The methodology of estimating populations through the polygons was too inaccurate to yield meaningful conclusions. Themes for PPM implementation include effective consolidation and representation of private sector providers, structured leadership from the NTP, and an understanding of HSBs.

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32

Lee, Sungho. "Exploratory modeling and adaptive strategies for investment in standard services to facilitate public service networks." Santa Monica, CA : RAND, 2006. http://www.rand.org/pubs/rgs_dissertations/RGSD199/.

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33

Brand, Dirk Johannes. "Distribution of financial resources and constitutional obligations in decentralised systems a comparison between Germany and South Africa." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/1167.

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Thesis (LLD (Public Law))—University of Stellenbosch,
In this dissertation a comparative study is made of the constitutional accommodation of the distribution of financial resources and constitutional obligations to the various spheres of government in Germany and South Africa. Both countries have decentralised or multi-level systems of government and can be classified, in terms of current studies on federalism, as integrated or cooperative federal systems. An overview of the historical developments, the political contexts, the fundamental principles and the constitutional frameworks for government in Germany and South Africa is provided as a basis for the in-depth analysis regarding the financial intergovernmental relations in these countries. This study has shown that economic theory is important in the design of decentralised systems of government and that political and socio-economic considerations, for example, the need for rebuilding Germany after World War II and the need to eliminate severe poverty in South Africa after 1994, often play a dominant role in the design and implementation of decentralised constitutional systems. The economic theory applicable to decentralised systems of government suggests a balanced approach to the distribution of financial resources and constitutional obligations with a view to obtaining the most efficient and equitable solution. In both countries the particular constitutional allocation of obligations and financial resources created a fiscal gap that required some form of revenue sharing or financial equalisation. The German financial equalisation system has been developed over fifty years and is quite complex. It attempts to balance the constitutional aim of reasonable equalisation of the financial disparity of the Länder with the financial autonomy of the Länder as required by the Basic Law. The huge financial and economic demands from the eastern Länder after unification in 1990 placed an additional burden on the available funds and on the financial equalisation system. Germany currently faces reform of its financial equalisation system and possibly also bigger constitutional reform. The South African constitutional system is only a decade old and the financial equalisation system that is less complex than the German system, is functioning reasonably well but needs time to develop to its full potential. The system may however require some adjustment in order to enhance accountability, efficiency and equity. A lack of sufficient skills and administrative capacity at municipal government level and in some provinces hampers service delivery and good governance and places additional pressure on the financial equalisation system. The Bundesverfassungsgericht and the Constitutional Court play important roles in Germany and South Africa in upholding the principle of constitutional supremacy, and make a valuable contribution to the better understanding of the constitutional systems and the further development thereof. This study has shown that clear principles in constitutional texts, for example, such as those contained in the Basic Law, guide the development of applicable financial legislation and add value to the provisions on financial equalisation and how they are implemented. These principles in the Basic Law are justiciable and give the Bundesverfassungsgericht an important tool to adjudicate the financial equalisation legislation. The study of the constitutional accommodation of the distribution of financial resources and constitutional obligations in Germany and South Africa is not an abstract academic exercise and should be seen in the particular political and socio-economic contexts within which the respective constitutions function. The need to give effect to the realisation of socio-economic rights, for example, the right of access to health services, places additional demands on the financial equalisation system. The South African society experienced a major transformation from the apartheid system to a democratic constitutional order that in itself has had a significant influence on financial intergovernmental relations. This dissertation focuses on a distinct part of constitutional law that can be described as financial constitutional law. This comparative analysis of the two countries has provided some lessons for the further development of South Africa’s young democracy, in particular the financial intergovernmental relations system.

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Dutto, Samantha Mia. "Public versus private sector outlays on non-wage compensation in Wisconsin : an analysis of health insurance, pension, tenure, and other systems." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/28547.

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Bagagli, Alessandro. "L'arte della segretezza, tra mondo classico e quantistico." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2016. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/12340/.

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La tesi si pone l'obiettivo di descrivere l'evoluzione temporale della crittografia, prima dal punto di vista classico, partendo dalla più antica tecnica a chiave privata fino alla più recente a chiave pubblica, e poi, soprattutto, da quello quantistico, passando per i postulati e l'introduzione del qubit. Questo rappresenta un sistema a due stati che corrisponde all'analogo quantistico del bit classico: se ne illustrano le proprietà e una possibile rappresentazione negli stati di polarizzazione del fotone, andando poi a descrivere il fenomeno dell'Entanglement, un particolare stato legato puramente quantistico in cui le parti del sistema si influenzano a distanza. Infine si focalizza sulla Quantum Key Distribution, illustrando tre protocolli che ne mostrano il funzionamento: questa consiste in una tecnica tutta quantistica per la creazione, praticamente a prova di intercettazione, di una chiave privata tra una coppia di utenti.

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Danek, Julius (Julius Bruno Sherlock Othmar). "A functional perspective to planning waste systems in developing countries : strategies for the public and private sector : A case study of Muzaffarnagar, India." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/99035.

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Thesis: M. Fin., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, Master of Finance Program, 2015.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 70-76).
This thesis introduces a new framework for establishing waste systems in developing countries. The functional perspective is a stand-alone extension of integrated sustainable waste management. In January 2015 the functional perspective was applied to analyze the waste system of Muzaffarnagar, India, and to propose solutions to existing problems. The functional perspective was found to be helpful as a theoretical framework guiding waste system design processes for decision makers both in the public as well as private sector.
by Julius Danek.
M. Fin.

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BEDNARCIK, ABDULHADI EMMA, and MARINA VITEZ. "The Ownership Structure Dilemma and its Implications on the Transition from Small-Scale to Large-Scale Electric Road Systems." Thesis, KTH, Industriell Management, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-191130.

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This master thesis is written on behalf of KTH Royal Institute of Technology and the Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute (VTI). The study investigates how infrastructure ownership could affect the transition from small-scale to large-scale electric road systems (ERS) and how infrastructure ownership affects the foreseen future roles of the ERS stakeholders. The authors have used a qualitative research method, including a literature study within the areas of infrastructure transitions and infrastructure ownership and a case study on ERS. Conclusions are based on the chosen theoretical framework and the empirical findings from conducted interviews within the following stakeholder segments; agencies, electric utilities, road carriers, construction firms and road power technology firms. The transport system is a large sociotechnical system, which is characterized by a high level of complexity, capital intensity and asset durability which makes it difficult to accomplish radical system transitions. Political regulations and progressive environmental targets have created a demand for new solutions within the transport system. One widely discussed, possible solution is ERS, which are considered to be beneficial from both an environmental and socio-economic perspective. The main identified barriers for a transition to ERS are related to the complex system design. Further, the matter of how the ERS infrastructure should be owned and financed remains unclear. It will be argued that the government needs to play a key role, both as a coordinator and financier, during the initial phase of an ERS expansion. In order to obtain a high level of competence, which is considered as vital, it is important with close cooperation between different public and private stakeholders and to have a procurement process which is strongly focused on functionality. The authors suggest that in order to decrease system complexity and increase stakeholder cooperation, cross-sectorial system suppliers should be formed. During an initial deployment of ERS towards a national system, it is suggested to only have one cross-sectorial system supplier which manages the constructions and operations of ERS, in order to decrease complexity and increase knowledge. As the system and technology matures and knowledge regarding ERS has been established, it is suggested by the authors to introduce competition at the cross-sectorial system supplier level nationally. There are many barriers for public private partnerships (PPP) during an initial expansion phase of ERS due to large investments, immature technology and the necessity for an overall control of a large-scale system. In addition, early investments in a large-scale system is considered as unattractive among private actors due to the high risks. However, it will be argued that PPP structures or private ownerships are suitable in closed systems as the level of complexity is lower. These systems should be subsidized by the government as they will drive innovation and stimulate the development. Depending on the degree of capital intensity and governmental regulations, PPP structures could become suitable also in a national system, when the system has matured. The suggested stakeholder structure with cross-sectorial system suppliers facilitates for a possible future PPP structure.
Denna masteruppsats är skriven på uppdrag av Kungliga Tekniska Högskolan och Statens väg- och transportforskningsinstitut (VTI). I studien undersöks hur ägarskap av infrastruktur skulle kunna påverka skiftet från småskaliga till storskaliga elvägssystem och hur ägarskapet av infrastrukturen påverkar de förutsedda framtida rollerna hos elvägssystemets intressenter. Författarna har använt sig av en kvalitativ forskningsmetod, vilken inkluderar en litteraturstudie inom områden för infrastrukturskiften och ägarskap av infrastruktur samt en fallstudie inom elvägssystem. Slutsatser är baserade på det valda teoretiska ramverket och de empiriska resultaten från de genomförda intervjuerna inom följande intressentsegment; myndigheter, energibolag, godstransportörer, konstruktionsfirmor och tillverkare av elvägsinfrastruktur. Transportsystemet är ett stort sociotekniskt system, vilket karakteriseras av en hög nivå av komplexitet, kapitalintensitet och lång livslängd på tillgångar, vilket gör det svårt att uppnå radikala systemskiften. Politiska regleringar och progressiva miljömål har skapat ett behov för nya lösningar inom transportsystemet. En diskuterad möjlig lösning är elvägssystem, vilket anses vara fördelaktigt både från ett miljömässigt och socioekonomiskt perspektiv. De huvudsakliga identifierade barriärerna för ett skifte till ett elvägssystem är relaterade till den komplexa systemdesignen. Vidare är frågan rörande hur infrastrukturen till ett elvägssystem ska ägas och finansieras fortfarande oklar. Det kommer att argumenteras för att staten behöver ha en nyckelroll, både som koordinator och finansiär, under den initiala expansionsfasen av ett elvägssystem. För att uppnå en hög nivå av kompetens, vilket anses vara avgörande, så är det viktigt med ett nära samarbete mellan olika statliga och privata intressenter och att ha en upphandlingsprocess som starkt fokuserar på funktionalitet. Författarna föreslår att för att minska systemets komplexitet och öka intressenternas samarbete, så borde tvärsektoriella systemleverantörer formas. Under en initial utbredning av elvägssystem mot ett nationellt system, så föreslås det att enbart ha en tvärsektoriell systemleverantör som sköter konstruktion och verksamhet av elvägssystemet för att minska komplexiteten och öka kunskapen. Allt eftersom att systemet och teknologin mognar och kunskap om elvägssystem etableras, så föreslår författarna att konkurrens ska introduceras på tvärsektoriell systemleverantörsnivå nationellt. Det finns många barriärer för offentlig-privat samverkan (OPS) under den initiala expansionsfasen av elvägssystem på grund av stora investeringar, omogen teknologi och behovet av övergripande kontroll i ett storskaligt system. Dessutom anses tidiga investeringar i ett storskaligt system vara oattraktivt hos de privata aktörerna på grund av de höga riskerna. Det kan dock argumenteras för att OPS-strukturer eller privat ägande är passande för slutna system då nivån av komplexitet är lägre. Dessa system borde subventioneras av staten då de kommer driva innovation och stimulera utvecklingen. Beroende på graden av kapitalintensitet och statliga regleringar, skulle OPS-strukturer också kunna vara lämpliga för ett nationellt system, när systemet har mognat. De föreslagna intressentstrukturerna med tvärsektoriella systemleverantörer underlättar för en möjlig framtida OPS-struktur

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Ekström, Thomas. "Public Private Business Models for Defence Acquisition : A Multiple Case Study of Defence Acquisition Projects in the UK." Licentiate thesis, Division of Engineering Logistics, Department of Industrial Management and Logistics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:fhs:diva-9061.

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Since the ending of the Cold War, the defence sector, particularly the areas of military logistics and defence acquisition, has been undergoing a comprehensive transformation. There are several factors that explain this transformation: changes in defence and security policies for nations and organisations; reductions in defence expenditure; participation in Peace Support Operations; Lessons Learned from these operations, especially in the area of logistics; revolutionary development in the area of Information and Communication Technology; emergence of novel Commercial Best Practises in the areas of business and business logistics; and changes in the legislation regarding the conduct of public procurement in Europe. In military logistics, the relatively easily described static supply and support chains of the Cold War Era, designed for military units that stood in preparedness, Just-in-Case, of full-scale military conflicts in Europe, are now being substituted for flexible, dynamic operational supply and support chains, designed for military units that are deployed on Peace Support Operations around the globe. Hence, new types of missions have to be provided for. As a consequence, new military concepts have to be considered; new technology is being implemented; and new Commercial Best Practises are being evaluated, adapted and adopted; in order to enhance performance and ensure Value-for-Money. In defence acquisition, the single Business Model of the Cold War Era, i.e. procurement of equipment, is being replaced by a spectrum of emerging Business Models, ranging from the traditional procurement of equipment, via acquisition of equipment and support, to acquisition of availability and capability, i.e. acquisition of performance. Consequently, new Commercial Best Practises are being evaluated, adapted and adopted; Commercial and Military-Off-The-Shelf products and services are being utilised; and Public Private Participation, Cooperation, and Partnerships are being investigated and initiated; in order to enhance performance and ensure Value-for-Money, while simultaneously mitigating operational risk in the supply and support chains. This licentiate thesis reports on a research project that was commissioned by FMV, the Swedish Defence Materiel Administration, and conducted in order to "study, analyse, and evaluate Business Models regarding how they can handle the new supply concept that a new logistical interface brings about, with a particular emphasis on the risk taking that is part of the business concept". This research purpose was used to formulate three Research Questions: • Research Question 1: How can a generic Business Model for a non-profit, governmental, Defence Procurement Agency be described? • Research Question 2: Which strengths and weaknesses do different Business Models have in the context of defence acquisition? • Research Question 3: Which risks are associated with different Business Models in the context of defence acquisition? Using constructs from: Business Model theory, Public Private Participation theory, defence acquisition theory and practise, and military logistics theory and practise; a generic Public Private Business Model for defence acquisition was developed. The generic model consists of numerous variables, which enables an array of possible configurations. The model was used in a multiple case study to describe and analyse four defence acquisition projects in the UK. The multiple case study demonstrated that the generic Public Private Business Model is useful in order to describe defence acquisition projects. The model has also demonstrated that it is useful in order to analyse acquisition projects, including performance and risk. The Public Private Business Model has demonstrated its usefulness by discovering internal and external misalignments. The internal misalignments are Business Model configurations where the different building blocks are working against each other. The research has revealed examples where the mitigation of operational risk in the supply and support chains creates new risks in other building blocks. An external misalignment occurs when a Business Model configuration works against the deal for which it was designed, or the strategy that it is intended to realise. The research has revealed examples where there is a risk that the Business Model configuration is detrimental to the overarching strategy, e.g. transferring risk to the private sector or incentivising industry to enhance performance. Hence, the Public Private Business Model ought to be useful to identify and eradicate negative patterns and to identify and reinforce positive patterns. The research has revealed three potential generic problems for Performance Based Contracts: a "definition problem" (i.e. what to measure); a "measurement problem" (i.e. when, where and how to measure); and a "comparison problem" (i.e. with what to compare). The research results demonstrate that it must be made explicit which dimensions of performance; e.g. speed, quality, cost, flexibility and dependability; that should be measured, and why others should be omitted. The research suggests that performance must be explicitly specified for any Performance Based Contract in order to avoid any unnecessary problems with interpretations. Furthermore, the research indicates that performance metrics must be explicitly described. In addition, the results emphasise the importance of having an established baseline, against which to compare the measurements of Key Performance Indicators.

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Ng, Eton Yat-Tuen, and eton_ng@hotmail com. "Vehicle engine cooling systems: assessment and improvement of wind-tunnel based evaluation methods." RMIT University. Aerospace, Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, 2002. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20080422.100014.

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The high complexity of vehicle front-end design, arising from considerations of aerodynamics, safety and styling, causes the airflow velocity profile at the radiator face to be highly distorted, leading to potentially reduced airflow volume for heat dissipation. A flow visualisation study showed that the bumper bar significantly influenced the cooling airflow, leading to three-dimensional vortices in its wake and generating an area of relatively low velocity across at least one third of the radiator core. Since repeatability and accuracy of on-road testing are prejudiced by weather conditions, wind-tunnel testing is often preferred to solve cooling airflow problems. However, there are constraints that limit the accuracy of reproducing on-road cooling performance from wind-tunnel simulations. These constraints included inability to simulate atmospheric conditions, limited tunnel test section sizes (blockage effects) and lack of ground effect simulations. The work presented in this thesis involved use of on-road and wind-tunnel tests to investigate the effects of most common constraints present in wind tunnels on accuracy of the simulations of engine cooling performance and radiator airflow profiles. To aid this investigation, an experimental technique for quantifying radiator airflow velocity distribution and an analytical model for predicting the heat dissipation rate of a radiator were developed. A four-hole dynamic pressure probe (TFI Cobra probe) was also used to document flow fields in proximity to a section of radiator core in a wind tunnel in order to investigate the effect of airflow maldistribution on radiator heat-transfer performance. In order to cope with the inability to simulate ambient temperature, the technique of Specific Dissipation (SD) was used, which had previously been shown to overcome this problem.

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Mpofana, Mziwonke Milton. "Transferability of Policies and Organisational Practices across Public and Private Health Service Delivery Systems: A Case Study of Selected Hospitals in the Eastern Cape: Exploring Lessons, Ambiguities and Contradictions." University of the Western Cape, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/5638.

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Philosophiae Doctor - PhD
Since the advent of South Africa's democracy in 1994 there have been several changes in the policy and legislative arena specifically promoting public-private-partnerships in the health sector. These initiatives have given rise to opportunities for inter-sectoral policy transfer under the rubric of ―best practices‖. This exploratory study examines the character, obstacles and contested nature of a selection of policy transfers between private and public health institutions in a single province of South Africa. The study looks at the dynamics at play around envisaged, current and past transfers of policies and organisational practices in relation to administrative systems and technologies used in four different hospital settings – two public and two private hospitals in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. This thesis explores the views of managers and labour organisations about policy transfer focusing on local contexts, and how various parties construct policy transfer, hence providing a perspective of policy at the ―plant‖ level. In this research, special focus is placed on different agents' role and understandings of their contexts and how and why policies move and contradictions of these developments. In-depth interviews were conducted at four major Eastern Cape hospitals. The thesis argues that in practice, policy transfer is messy, politicized and traversed by power and vested interests and that organised labour plays a key role in policy transfer process. The thesis focuses on the different philosophical/ideological underpinnings, socio-political values and operational environments in each sector. This study is designed to contribute to existing knowledge on practices particularly between the public and private sectors in order to widen the understanding of the complexity of transferability.

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Eriksson, Charlotte, and Olivia Jansson. "Analysis of Automated Vehicle Location Data from Public Transport Systems to Determine Level of Service." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Kommunikations- och transportsystem, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-158176.

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Many cities suffer from problems with high traffic flows in the city centers which leads to a desire to get more people to choose public transport over cars. For many car drivers, the main reason to take the car is the convenience and time efficiency; the price is often of less importance. The public transport providers should, therefore, strive to improve their Level of Service (LOS). A general process that can be used by public transport providers or other stakeholders to evaluate the LOS in a public transport system based on Automated Vehicle Location (AVL) data is developed and presented in this thesis.The process values the quality and suitability of the AVL data, propose which KPIs to use and how to use the results to find possible improvements. Four different types of erroneous data were discovered: outliers in position, outliers in speed, outliers in travel time and general errors. KPIs are developed in three main areas: on-time performance, travel time distribution and speed, where each KPI is divided into several sub-areas.

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Magadzire, Bvudzai Priscilla. "Understanding the dynamics of accessing chronic medicines in the public sector: Implications for policy in South Africa." University of the Western Cape, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/6298.

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Philosophiae Doctor - PhD (School of Public Health)
Access to medicines (ATM), specifically for those medicines that are related to the priority health needs of a population has been cited as a fundamental part of universal health coverage and a key element for service delivery and high-quality care. Therefore, ensuring reliable access to and appropriate use of safe, effective and affordable medicines is one of the core functions of an effective health system. With the rising demand for treatment of chronic diseases (e.g. HIV, diabetes and hypertension), ATM has increasingly received global attention. Yet as of 2011, it was estimated that at least one third of the world's population had no regular access to medicines. Globally, there is a dearth of in-depth country level evidence to influence policy responses, coupled with inadequate understanding of how pharmaceutical systems operate within broader health systems. This thesis comprises two main parts: 1) a situational analysis of the state of chronic medicines provision in the public sector in the Eastern Cape and Western Cape provinces of South Africa; and (2) an evaluation of an existing ATM model in one province. To situate this study within the ATM discourse, a conceptual framework was developed from a review of empirical and theoretical literature. The framework incorporated six ATM dimensions (availability, affordability, acceptability, accessibility, accommodation and quality) and their interplay at multiple levels including: health facility, individual, household and community levels. Then, at a health system level, the interaction of medicines (a health system building block) with other building blocks (information, financing, human resources, infrastructure and governance).

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Nguyen, Cong Duc. "Creation and distribution of real-time content a case study in provisioning immersive voice communications to networked games /." Access electronically, 2006. http://www.library.uow.edu.au/adt-NWU/public/adt-NWU20070110.164837/index.html.

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Kamugumya, Denice Cyprian. "Health system's barriers hindering implementation of public-private partnership policy in the health sector at district level: A case study of partnership for improved reproductive and child health services provision in Bagamoyo district, Tanzania." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/15546.

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The role of the private sector in improving health systems performance in lower to middle income countries is increasingly gaining more recognition. Public-private partnership (PPP) has been suggested as a tool, to assist governments fulfil their responsibilities in the efficient delivery of health services. In Tanzania, although the idea of PPP has existed for many years in the health sector, there has been limited coordination, especially at a district level - which has contributed to limited health gains or systems strengthening obviously seen as a result of PPP. In 2009 a formal PPP policy was introduced in Tanzania, which directs the appropriate allocation of resources, and describes risk and rewards that can be achieved by building on the expertise of each partner. The Health Sector Strategic Plan III (2009-2015) further emphasises the need for service level agreements (SLAs), which are seen as an important indicator of improved PPP. This case study that draws on the decision-space framework, was conducted in the Bagamoyo district of Tanzania, and employed in-depth interviews, document reviews, and observations methods. The study findings reveal several forms of informal partnerships between the local government and non-state actors. The lack of SLAs for facilities that receive subsides from the government is argued to contribute to inappropriate distribution of risk and reward leading to moral hazards. This is evidenced by non-state actors who pursue their own interests, diverting from public social goals. Furthermore, findings highlight weak capacity of governing bodies to exercise oversights and sanctions, which is acerbated by weak accountability linkages and power differences. Moreover, restricted flexibility in spending is seen to deter prompt actions to address evolving population needs, given limited local fiscal space. It is concluded that effective PPP policy implementation at a local level depends on the capacity of local government officials to make choices that would embrace relational elements dynamics in strategic plans. Disempowered Council Health Services Board in relation to engaging non-state actors is shown to impede PPP initiatives that are conceptualized at local and national levels. This study highlights a need to consider initiatives that would foster new social contracts with non-state actors at the local level and in return build a people-centred district health system. This study is intended to improve knowledge on health systems policy interventions, strengthen future policy implementation at the sub-national level, and strengthen the district health systems as a result of PPP in a country with similar contextual elements.

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Larsson, Veronique. "Procurement of the vacuum waste collection systems : The cases of Hammarby Sjöstad and Stockholm Royal Seaport." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Kulturgeografiska institutionen, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-91410.

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Gecevičiūtė, Vaida. "Viešojo ir privataus sektorių bendradarbiavimo galimybių vertinimas." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2014. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2009~D_20140626_183509-85348.

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Pastaruoju metu daugelyje šalių privatus sektorius yra vis intensyviau įtraukiamas finansuojant ir įgyvendinant valstybės ir savivaldybių investicijų projektus, susijusius su viešosios infrastruktūros plėtra ir viešųjų paslaugų teikimu. Vis dėlto Lietuvoje viešojo ir privataus sektorių partnerystė yra naujovė, bendrų projektų įgyvendinimui trukdo netobula įstatymų bazė, neigiamas visuomenės nuomonė, praktikos ir žinių šioje srityje trūkumas. Todėl tikslinga šiame darbe išanalizuoti ir įvertinti visas aplinkybes, kurios trukdo viešajam sektoriui bendradarbiauti su privataus sektoriaus atstovais, supažindinti su VPSP būkle ir perspektyvomis Lietuvoje. Darbe keliamas tikslas yra išanalizuoti viešojo ir privataus sektorių bendradarbiavimo Lietuvoje alternatyvas, daugiausia dėmesio skiriant pagal partnerystės principą įgyvendinamiems projektams. Šio tikslo siekiama pirmiausia supažindinant su viešojo ir privataus sektorių partnerystės samprata, svarbiausiais principais ir esme. Pateikiama pagal partnerystės schemas Lietuvoje įgyvendinamų projektų apžvalga ir vykdymo tendencijos, atlikta detalesnė VPSP reglamentuojančių teisės aktų analizė ir vertinimas. Taip pat pasitelkus anketinę apklausą siekiama įvertinti tarpsektorinio bendradarbiavimo savivaldose galimybes. Savivaldybėse atliktas tyrimas patvirtino iškeltą hipotezę, kad Lietuvoje nėra sudarytos pakankamos prielaidos viešojo sektoriaus institucijoms bendradarbiauti su privačiu verslu. Pastebėta tendencija, kad įtraukiant... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]
Recently in many countries private sector are increasingly involved in financing and implementation of state and municipal investment projects related to public infrastructure and public service development and improvement. However, in Lithuania, public-private sector partnership implementation remains a novelty, as joint projects implementation are hampered by imperfect legislation, negative public attitudes, practices and lack of knowledge in this field. It is therefore appropriate in this work to examine all the circumstances that prevent public sector to cooperate with the private sector. Accordingly, PPP condition and prospects in Lithuania are analyzed. The aim of this work is to analyze alternatives of public and private sector cooperation, focusing on projects that are implementing under partnership principle. This objective is reached presenting concept of public-private sector partnership, the main principles and point. Also in this work are presented a review of projects implementing under partnership schemes, a more detailed PPP legislation analysis and evaluation. There is also given a questionnaire survey to assess cooperation opportunities in municipality of Lithuania. Results of survey presented that raised hypothesis was approved. There are not enough good conditions for public and private sector cooperation in Lithuania. Observed trend that in a joint project with private partner are applied other more often used forms, like lease or public procurement... [to full text]

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Holzgrefe, William Andrew. "Rabies in Virginia, 1989-2003: With particular attention to animals, geographic distribution, and virus variant." VCU Scholars Compass, 2004. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/1225.

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Objectives: The description of the raccoon rabies epizootic in Virginia over fifteen years (1989-2003). Methods: Using simple statistical methods and a geographic information system (GIS)-based approach, and fifteen years worth of animal surveillance data, the progress of this epizootic has been charted in terms of the geographic spread of the disease, the major animal species affected by the disease and its spread, and the exposure and risk to humans and livestock animals presented by the expansion of the geographic range. Results: The resulting descriptive study illustrates the eastward expansion of the epizootic, the mushrooming of the disease in the northern region of the state, and the rates of rabid animal submissions for every health district and selected important animal species. Human exposures to rabid animals are mapped and compared to human population densities. Strong seasonal trends in human and livestock exposures to rabid animals are illustrated, with animal exposures predominating in the spring and autumn, while human exposures peak in the summer; also shown is the possible emergence of new strains of rabies virus and the possible extinction of the previously dominant strain. Conclusions: Some potentially positive developments have been found, such as substantially increasing levels of bat submissions across time, which may signify greater public awareness of the disease. Serious deficiencies in the monitoring system are discussed, centering on the accuracy and comparability of the data collected, and suggestions for improvement are offered. While several potentially interesting new areas of study are put forward, the standard approach to rabies control (pet vaccination and control, education of at-risk populations, orally vaccinating wild animals) is not found to be in need of significant modification, aside from the specifics of the approach being tailored to better meet local conditions.

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Polk, Nekerral. "Adoption of Cloud Computing Services in an Illinois-Based Insurance Company." ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/7058.

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The decision to adopt cloud computing services should involve business units of an insurance company as well as information technology (IT) because cloud computing services are viewed as both a technology offering and business alternative. The purpose of this qualitative exploratory case study was to explore the strategies used by IT architects of an Illinois-based insurance company when adopting cloud computing services. The theory supporting this study was the technology acceptance model. The study's population consisted of IT architects from an Illinois-based insurance company that have used strategies to adopt cloud computing services. This study's data collection included semistructured interviews and review of organizational documents. Member checking with each participant increased the validity of this study's findings. Four major themes emerged from this study: strategies to adopt cloud computing services, strategies to adopt cloud services models, strategies to adopt cloud computing models, and concerns affecting the strategies to adopt cloud computing services. The study findings may assist IT architects in developing effective strategies to adopt cloud computing services for their respective business unit. This study might serve as a foundation for positive social change by decreasing customer concerns regarding critical information being compromised when adopting cloud computing services.

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Wheeler, Bella. "Spaces after modernity : a systems based analysis of creativity, community and narrative formation." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2017. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/70082/.

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Drawing on principles from systems theory, critical health psychology and narrative analysis, this research sought to examine the relationships between environments that facilitate creative arts-based group work, and notions of self-governance and self-determination that they may give rise to; exploring whether such processes are discernible in speech, language and narrative formation. The research constituted an eleven month, qualitative community-university project that examined ways in which the 'Centre user and volunteer led' organisational ethos of the Brighton Unemployed Centre Families Project (BUCFP) - a charity working to relieve poverty and hardship based in the south of England - related to the forming of a creatively working and self-managing group. This sought to better understand the emergence of the group; the ways in which participation was experienced; and what (if any) effects participation may have had on sense-making and narrative formation surrounding the topic of food poverty. Using arts-based and participatory methods, the research was carried out with a group of twenty Centre users with experience of food poverty. It culminated in the production and display of an art exhibition on this topic as part of the Brighton Festival in May 2015. The research suggests that using participatory and arts-based approaches in the exploration of food poverty in the facilitative environment of the BUCFP enabled participants to examine and contest societal discourses surrounding poverty. The research describes how, through a complex interplay between group discussion and the material and semiosis of art-making, participants developed and symbolised a counter narrative that deflected stigmatising narratives surrounding food poverty, instead developing a collectivised narrative of resistance. The ability to 're-narrativise' forms of social discourse and to signify the taking of a position in the socio-cultural and political landscape through creative methods may be tied to notions of wellbeing that are important to consider within a community health milieu.

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Fayad, Gaëlle. "L'économie du cinéma libanais : ce rêve d'industrialisation." Thesis, Bordeaux 3, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020BOR30028.

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Cette thèse a pour ambition d’étudier les structures de financement et de distribution du cinéma libanais en identifiant les difficultés de base du secteur, afin de proposer des stratégies de développement durable. L’aide publique du ministère de la Culture, le soutien de la Fondation Liban Cinéma, la coopération entre la Banque Centrale et les banques commerciales, les relations entre le secteur du cinéma et les chaînes de télévision, le recours aux investisseurs privés et l’importance de la coproduction étrangère y ont été évoqués. De même que, l’impact de la distribution et de l’exploitation des films libanais, notamment la politique de l’implantation géographique des salles de cinéma (multiplexe et art et essai), la mission de la plateforme VOD libanaise, la multitude de festivals de films et la rare diffusion cinématographique télévisuelle, y ont été étudiés. Une méthodologie suivant les principes de la recherche qualitative et quantitative a été effectuée, afin d’analyser le terrain et proposer des solutions concrètes visant à renforcer l’économie du cinéma libanais
This thesis aims to study the structure of film financing and distribution of Lebanese cinema, by identifying the main challenges of the sector, in order to propose strategies for sustainable development. Public aid from the ministry of Culture, support from the Lebanese Cinema Foundation, essentiality of foreign co-productions, cooperation between the Central Bank and commercial banks, reliability on private investors and liaisons between the cinema sector and television channels, have been analyzed in depth in this thesis. In addition, the impact of distribution and exhibition of Lebanese films, particularly the localization policy for multiplex and arthouse cinemas, the numerous film festivals, the rare cinematographic television broadcasting, and the impact of the Lebanese VOD platform have been explored. A qualitative and quantitative research methodology was carried out in order to study the market and propose concrete solutions aimed at strengthening the economy of Lebanese cinema

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Public and private distribution systems'

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