Academic literature on the topic 'Public and private distribution systems'
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Journal articles on the topic "Public and private distribution systems"
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Pudovkin, A. V. "PRIVATE AND PUBLIC PENSION SYSTEMS WORLWIDE: CASE OF RUSSIA." MGIMO Review of International Relations, no. 3(48) (June 28, 2016): 258–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2071-8160-2016-3-48-258-264.
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The article deals with the Russian pension system and make recommendations for its further development on the basis of international experience. The Russian pension system is in a state of transition. The reform of 2013-2015 is not completed, since in its current state pension system is still characterized by very low replacement rate value at a very high level of government spending. Moratorium on pension accumulation introduced in the course of recent reforms calls into question the future of the mandatory funded pension system. Review of international pension systems formation suggests that the most successful of them are not limited solely to public system, and use a combination of distribution and accumulation units. When choosing between mandatory or voluntary options they are guided by the characteristics of the national economy. Studying the successes and mistakes of world practice of voluntary and mandatory funded pension systems is of great scientific and practical interest, since it can contribute to a more accurate choice of the future path of development of the national pension system.
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Dasgupta, Meeta, and R. K. Gupta. "Technological innovation and technology strategy: a public-private comparison in Indian power distribution." International Journal of Logistics Systems and Management 14, no. 4 (2013): 426. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijlsm.2013.052746.
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Xiong, Xingxing, Shubo Liu, Dan Li, Zhaohui Cai, and Xiaoguang Niu. "A Comprehensive Survey on Local Differential Privacy." Security and Communication Networks 2020 (October 8, 2020): 1–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8829523.
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With the advent of the era of big data, privacy issues have been becoming a hot topic in public. Local differential privacy (LDP) is a state-of-the-art privacy preservation technique that allows to perform big data analysis (e.g., statistical estimation, statistical learning, and data mining) while guaranteeing each individual participant’s privacy. In this paper, we present a comprehensive survey of LDP. We first give an overview on the fundamental knowledge of LDP and its frameworks. We then introduce the mainstream privatization mechanisms and methods in detail from the perspective of frequency oracle and give insights into recent studied on private basic statistical estimation (e.g., frequency estimation and mean estimation) and complex statistical estimation (e.g., multivariate distribution estimation and private estimation over complex data) under LDP. Furthermore, we present current research circumstances on LDP including the private statistical learning/inferencing, private statistical data analysis, privacy amplification techniques for LDP, and some application fields under LDP. Finally, we identify future research directions and open challenges for LDP. This survey can serve as a good reference source for the research of LDP to deal with various privacy-related scenarios to be encountered in practice.
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Minat, Valerij N. "Public-private partnerships in US innovation." Izvestiya of Saratov University. Economics. Management. Law 21, no. 4 (December 16, 2021): 380–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.18500/1994-2540-2021-21-4-380-391.
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Introduction. The subject of the research is public-private partnership (PPP), which contributes, through funding and incentives, to the spatial development of innovation in the United States. As an economic phenomenon, PPP is seen as an effective mechanism for integrating investors, business (primarily venture capital) and the state aimed at implementing the innovation process at the meso-spatial level – states and regions (subregions) of the United States – within the framework of regional innovation systems (RIS), contributing to territorial differentiation. Theoretical analysis reveals the factors and mechanisms of public-private interaction in the space of the corresponding RIS states and sub-regions of the country, characterized by the institutional and functional role of American forms of PPP in the implementation of innovative projects at the regional level. A hypothesis is formulated about the heterogeneity and unevenness of the united innovation space in the United States, one of the foundations of which is the differential nature of state financing of innovation activities at the regional level. Empirical analysis. A correlation is shown between indicative indicators reflecting the level of innovative potential and characterizing the innovative activity of the RIS of the states and subregions of the United States as a whole, on the one hand, and the degree of development of the innovative potential of PPP within the RIS of the corresponding territory, on the other hand. The carried out typological grouping of RIS states based on the lognormal distribution reflects the statistical commonality of the analyzed indicators. Results. Based on the available values of the indices characterizing the innovation activity of the RIS of specific states and subregions of the United States, as well as the calculation of integral indicators that make it possible to assess the interaction of PPP subjects, which are at the same time the institutional and functional elements of the corresponding RIS, a hypothetical statement about the unevenness of the US innovative development has been confirmed. In this case, the territorial differentiation of innovation in the United States and its impact on the spatial aspect of the development of an innovative economy, and, consequently, on economic growth, is determined by the intensity of the use of innovative potential by forms of PPP, which involves proactive financing and stimulation of innovative business projects at the expense of budgetary funds in the RIS of specific groups of states and sub-regions of the United States.
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Edwards, M. "Controlling corrosion in drinking water distribution systems: a grand challenge for the 21st century." Water Science and Technology 49, no. 2 (January 1, 2004): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2004.0073.
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It is argued that the water distribution system will be a key public health battlefield of the 21st century. Corrosion in private plumbing is deserving of special attention, since the health and economic impacts are probably of equal or greater magnitude compared to public systems, and there has not been an advocate working on behalf of the consumer to solve these problems. To better serve society in this endeavour we will need educational programs, aggressive research to minimize the unsustainable costs of corrosion, and to consider our legacy to future generations when making decisions on materials use.
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Dinesh Rajassekharan. "A Review on Unstructured Data Processing in Hybrid Cloud Platform." December 2022 4, no. 4 (November 1, 2022): 210–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.36548/jscp.2022.4.001.
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Cloud storage systems are widely employed in many applications due to their improvement in cost, storage availability and security. Hybrid cloud platform refers to the architecture of a cloud system that combines more than one computing environments at a time. It can be either with one public and one private platform or the combination of two private or two public platforms. The hybrid cloud platform has the ability to share the information among the connected systems and that can be processed parallelly while accessing the data. The data that are stored in cloud platforms are mostly in unstructured format that could not be used for any applications like prediction, recommendation, and estimations. This paper reviews the attainments of the previous works that were used for data distribution and partitioning in a hybrid cloud platform, by ensuring the privacy and security of the stored data. The work also explores the future directions on the unstructured data processing by summarizing the research issues observed from the review analysis.
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Santos, Priscilla Paiva Gê Vilella dos, Ricardo Antunes Dantas de Oliveira, and Mariana Vercesi de Albuquerque. "Inequalities in the provision of hospital care in the Covid-19 pandemic in Brazil: an integrative review." Saúde em Debate 46, spe1 (2022): 322–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0103-11042022e122i.
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ABSTRACT The Covid-19 pandemic raises concern about global health systems’ response capacity and resilience. In Brazil, several studies analyzed this issue of providing health services and resources to meet the Sars-CoV-2 cases. This study aims to understand and analyze the inequalities in providing hospital care of the Brazilian Unified Health System (SUS) to care for severe Covid-19 cases. An integrative literature review was carried out from March to December 2020, mainly in Public Health, focusing on the regional distribution and the public-private relationship of hospital care. We employed databases BVS and SciELO and institutional sources. Forty-two studies were analyzed from geographic space, seen by socio-spatial inequalities, and from the social protection system in health, through public-private relationships. The studies indicate significant inequalities in public-private arrangements and the regional distribution of the supply of resources analyzed in the most diverse spatial scales. Inequalities are significant even in regions historically privileged by hospital resources. Supply segmentation and interdependence between the public and private sectors impose severe limitations to combat Covid-19 in Brazil and exacerbate health inequalities.
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Schneider, Mark. "The discerning voter: Party–voter linkages and local distribution under multilevel governance." Party Politics 26, no. 2 (February 28, 2018): 191–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1354068818761195.
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What shapes voters’ expectations of receiving private benefits and local public goods in developing world democracies? Models of instrumental voting suggest that voters’ expectations are shaped by co-partisanship; however, this work does not consider the calculations that voters make in multilevel systems where different types of goods are allocated by different tiers of government. In this article, I argue that voters condition their expectations of private benefits on co-partisan ties with the local leader, but only do so with respect to local public goods when the local leader is aligned with the state government that controls the allocation of pork barrel spending. I test my argument with a vignette experiment conducted in rural India that randomly assigns the partisan affiliation of real village politicians and find empirical support for the argument. I also find suggestive evidence of strategic voting in local elections towards leaders aligned with the ruling party.
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Nikiforov, Petro, Artur Zhavoronok, Maksym Marych, Nataliia Bak, and Nataliia Marusiak. "Conceptual principles of state policy of regulation of development of public- private partnerships." Cuestiones Políticas 40, no. 73 (July 29, 2022): 417–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.46398/cuestpol.4073.22.
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The purpose of the proposed research is to form conceptual state policy foundations of regulating public-private partnerships development of countries with economies in transition. The need for substantiation of the regulating state policy of public-private partnership development in the transition economy and transformation processes has determined the topic relevance. The development of theoretical foundations for the state policy is based on systemic and institutional methodological approaches. There were used the method of comparative analysis, statistical analysis, structuring, method of abstraction and formalization. It has been determined that insufficient activity of countries with economies in transition in the public-private partnership projects implementation is due to imperfect legal framework, lack of clarity in the distribution of risks between agreement participants, political crisis and instability, lack of a unified state policy to develop partnerships. The principles of promoting the public-private partnership relations in countries with economies in transition have been identified, which include the formation of advanced legal mechanisms and systems of regulatory bodies, that monitor the public-private partnership implementation; stakeholder support by taking into account private interests, public authorities and end users; careful business partners selection. Basic determinants and a set of conceptual requirements for policy formation have been formed.
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Zullo, Roland. "Better to Own or to Regulate? The Case of Alcohol Distribution and Sales." Administration & Society 49, no. 2 (July 27, 2016): 190–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0095399714527754.
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Alcohol-related income generation is compared across monopoly and license off-premise alcohol regulatory models in U.S. states, 1977-2010. An optimum organizational-ownership mix is found when states directly own alcohol wholesale and employ a network of state-owned retailers serving urban regions and private agents serving less-populated regions. Per capita alcohol-related income in US dollars for these optimal systems was $58.82 compared with $26.72 with license systems. This disparity held after controlling for alcohol sales and retail hours of operation. The findings challenge the wisdom of asset divestment as a response to fiscal stress and contradict a central tenet of New Public Management (NPM) Theory.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Public and private distribution systems"
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Rosado, Marta Maria de Lima Mayer. "Comparative analysis: public and private school management systems." Master's thesis, NSBE - UNL, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/9567.
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A Work Project, presented as part of the requirements for the Award of a Masters Degree in Economics from the NOVA – School of Business and EconomicsThe Portuguese educational system has counted, for many years, with the co-existence of both public and private schools. In fact, the country’s growth and development led, in the past, to an increasing demand for free of charge public education that could only be matched through the creation of “publicly-subsidized and privately owned and managed schools”. Still, the demographic evolution of Portugal recently generated a decrease on the demand for public educational services. This situation has raised doubts about the true contribution of this type of school for the public education system. This paper aims at answering this question by isolating the impact of different property and management schemes on the performance of students, resorting to cross-section data on 9th grade students from 2010. The results corroborate the well known result on the relevance of the family socio-economic background for students’ performance, but do also sustain the existence of a significant positive impact of private ownership and management schemes on the overall performance of students. These results suggest that there might be gains associated with the expansion of such schemes within the public education system.
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Rajabi, Mohammad. "New decision support systems for Public Private Partnership projects." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/25747.
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It is well established that one of the key contributing factors to the growth of countries’ economies is the existence of appropriate economic and social infrastructures. The setup of these infrastructures and their operation or delivery of public services associated with them have proved to be a costly and often unaffordable business for most governments. Therefore, private sector participation in the delivery of public services has been opted for by governments under Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs). Additional reasons for the public sector to choose a PPP framework to deliver public services include the public sector representatives’ lack of sufficient technical knowledge and specifications required by most projects; the required amount of investment to implement such projects is too high to be affordable by the public sector alone; the increasing difficulties of predicting and controlling the uncertainties that typically govern the phases of such projects including the level of actual demand for the related services by the time the project is operational; the level of bureaucracy in the public sector and its implications on the time frame of decision-making processes; the relatively low efficiency in project execution by the public sector; and most importantly the fact that, in practice, these difficulties are often better managed by the private sector who seem to possess both the financial and the executive capabilities to undertake such projects Currently, there is a gap in the game theory literature on modelling PPP related decisions and issues. This thesis contributes to reducing such gap by proposing three novel and practice-oriented game theoretical models along with algorithms for solving them, namely an ordinal game for the shortlisting of potential private sector partners; two non-cooperative dynamic games for negotiation with shortlisted private sector partners and selection of private sector partner to award the PPP contract to; and a non-cooperative dynamic game for financial renegotiation post-PPP contract award. In sum, each novel game addresses an important problem faced by the private sector during the typical stages of the life cycle of PPPs, namely private sector partner selection at the tendering stage; negotiation between the public sector and shortlisted bidders to select the candidate to whom to award a PPP contract to at the post-tendering stage; and financial re-negotiation between the public sector and the selected private sector partner at the post-contract award stage.
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Tilton, Peter. "Benchmarking Public and Private Blockchains and Understanding the Development of Private Blockchain Networks." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2018. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/1963.
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This thesis paper explores the developing technology blockchain by trying to understand the technology from a technical performance standpoint and also understanding the development process of blockchain networks and applications. The first half of this paper analyzes two research papers, "Bitcoing-NG: A Scalable Blockchain Protocol" and "Untangling Blockchain: A Data Processing View of Blockchain Systems," to understand and explain some of the technical differences and shortcomings of blockchain technologies. The second half of this paper then proceeds to develop a private blockchain network on the Ethereum network and deploy a smart contract on that private blockchain network. This process gives insight into the development of blockchain applications and identifies the struggles blockchain developers face.
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Yao, W. "Applying public private partnerships to the provision of intelligent transport systems." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2012. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1348213/.
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As an integrated transport solution, ITS (Intelligent Transport Systems) produce direct benefits for the traveller and operator and bring indirect benefits for society as a whole. Nevertheless, insufficient ITS funding holds back ITS development. PPP (Public Private Partnerships) offers an alternative financing channel, which can be advantageous for both public and private parties. Due to the characteristics of ITS, it can be difficult to attract the private sector to invest in some ITS projects where there is a fluctuating profit stream or where the profits cannot cover the investment. In addition, due to the existence of asymmetric information, it is possible for the private company to abuse his/her advantage in information over the public authority to seek excessive private gains. The aim of this research is to develop an incentive mechanism for a PPP contract for the provision of ITS, not only to motivate the private company to enter ITS markets but also to reduce the impact of asymmetric information between the two parties. The benefits and risks to both parties of entering into a contract for ITS provision are revealed in the World Bank and USDOT (United States Department of Transport) databases. ITS costs, potential funding sources, and the economic aspects of ITS are examined. The variety and interdependency of ITS cost components imply that it is possible for the private company to reduce costs under an appropriate incentive mechanism. Additional profit streams can diversify ITS funding sources and make it possible for otherwise low profit or non profit ITS systems to be provided without using government subsidy or an increase road user tolls. In this thesis, an investigation is conducted of ITS provision through PPPs in China, to investigate how they are used in the Chinese road sector and the bottlenecks in ITS development. There are two case studies to show how government regulation is used to encourage ITS provision through user payment and through subsidy. These findings provide a useful reference point for other areas of the world and are especially relevant to developing countries. A comprehensive evaluation framework is developed in this thesis to assess the ITS benefits to the travellers and the wider benefits to the community. Two case studies are presented to demonstrate these methods. In case study One, an SP survey of 1,357 motorway users was conducted in 2007, which examines travellers’willingness to pay for three distinct ITS systems on the Shanghai motorway network. In case study Two, using both AHP and REGIME models, an evaluation of the degree of traffic impact of these three ITS systems is presented. Their relative importance in Shanghai ITS motorway management is then established. This research leads to the development of a theoretical model which incorporates suitable incentive mechanisms for ITS provision through PPPs, on the basis that both parties expect value for money. Complexity has been increased in this model by introducing a subsidy and a shadow cost of subsidy variable, which has not been used in the previous literature. The relationship between subsidy and the efficiency level of the private sector is discussed under conditions of information asymmetry and symmetry. The model shows that it is possible for the private company to maximize the benefits of both the public authority and private company under two constraints, namely Individual Rationality (IR) and Incentive Compatibility (IC). Two working examples sourced from the case studies of two different ITS systems are used to calculate the potential profit and risk costs, first under a flexible payment scheme and then how this simplified by the use of an ITS incentive model. These examples strengthen the argument for the use of incentive models and contribute to ITS project profit control, which is the key for a successful ITS project through PPP.
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Mubangizi, Deus Bazira. "The public-private mix health care resources distribution implications for equity : Kampala district, Uganda." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/9447.
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Bibliography: leaves 93-97.While in sociology, choice and equity have always co-existed; this has not been a subject of attention in the health care market. Following promotion of the public- private mix in the health care sector, there have been concerns that the pursuit of efficiency might compromise equity in accessing health care services. The main concern for this study was that the resulting relative health care resources distribution following public-private interaction has equity implications at the household level. Kampala district in Uganda was used to investigate this concern. Data collected from a household survey, key informant interviews and secondary data on health care resources distribution, was analyzed using STATA statistical package. The study findings indicated that the private health care sector in Uganda has grown in size and that it caters for more people in Kampala district than the public health care sector. The findings further indicated that households use private services due to the perceived high quality of services, availability of drugs, availability of doctors and other health workers and the nearness of private providers. On the other hand, public health services where used or preferred was due primarily to availability of doctors. Other findings indicated that there was a relationship between provider choice/use and the distribution of health care resources particularly; health workers and health care facilities. This applied both at household level and geographically. Utilization of health services also varied with distribution of the same resources. Private provider use was not solely dependent on income and hence ability to pay, but on other factors related to service characteristics such as perceived quality. The findings further show that there are inequities in financing health care services with low-income groups paying relatively more than high- income groups. The study proposes to policy makers a monitoring mechanism of the variables and outcome measures, both at household and sectoral level, in order to minimize inequities in access to health care. The study also recommends that a comprehensive regulatory framework needs to be set up to promote and control the activities of the private health sector in Uganda.
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Watson, Pamela, and n/a. "Changing distribution systems: bon voyage to your travel agent?" University of Canberra. Information Management &Tourism, 2002. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20050726.151525.
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Travel agents, traditionally the sector of the travel and tourism industry that has held a
strong position of power by providing an important link in the distribution channel
between principals and consumers, are now finding their business under threat. Rapid
changes in consumer demand, information technology and business systems are
impacting on travel agency viability around the world.
Increasing distribution costs have seen travel principals aiming to reach their
customers with distribution that is much more direct than in the past, cutting the travel
agent out of the system, or at the very least, reducing agency commissions. Strategic
alliances have also given suppliers - particularly airlines - marketing synergies, and
again reduced their need to rely on agents to distribute their product. Further
synergies have come from the use of diagonal integration, a process whereby firms
use information technologies to logically combine services for best productivity and
most profitability; for example, Internet booking plus electronic ticketing.
In addition the motivations and consumer behaviour of travellers are changing. The
&64;new tourists&64; want experiences, not just a vacation, are more likely to know what
they want, to do their own pre-purchase research, and to have a stronger preference
for tailor-made arrangements. This market is independent, and more likely to rely on
the Internet as a source of tourism information than to rely on the services of a travel
agent to plan their trip.
This thesis analyses the changes in the travel and tourism distribution system that
point towards the apparent disintermediation of travel agents, and makes
recommendations for new marketing strategies for travel agents, so that they may
retain their viability into the twenty-first century.
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Gupta, Arjun P. (Arjun Premchand). "Governance mechanisms for infrastructure public-private partnerships : focus on India." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/68448.
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Thesis (S.M. in Technology and Policy)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division, 2011.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 88-102).
Infrastructure PPPs encounter unexpected changes in the technological, economic, social and political environments over their long lifetimes. They require governance frameworks that enable them to continue to deliver services efficiently and effectively when faced with such uncertainties. This thesis compares and contrasts alternative governance mechanisms that have been tried and tested over time and across geographies, with a focus on India. The usual governance mechanisms based on contracts or independent regulatory agencies appear to be insufficient in the face of turbulence. Contractual frameworks, wherein the public and private partners enter into long-term contracts that allocate risks, specify performance levels, tariffs and other terms of agreement, are effective in soliciting investment from the private sector. However, since all possible future scenarios and associated contingencies cannot be specified a priori, contracts are incomplete and contractual governance by itself inadequate. Regulatory frameworks, wherein independent regulators exercise discretion in setting tariffs and service levels in order to respond to changes over time are expensive and inefficient Moreover, they are inadequate by themselves in the complex institutional environments that characterize infrastructure in countries such as India. Most critically, the thesis finds that governance based on contracts and regulation seems to emphasize, institutionalize and reinforce antagonistic relationships between public and private 'partners'. To respond to unforeseen changes, however, it is necessary to move the focus away from arms-length relationships towards structures that emphasize real partnership. Based on case studies of successful PPPs in India, the thesis identifies best practices in engaging public sector partners and key stakeholders in projects, for instance through financial partnerships or representation on the project companies' Board of Directors. It finds that such structural mechanisms are effective supplements to the usual governance frameworks. Finally, the thesis proposes that the model of infrastructure delivery using Independent Public Authorities holds promise for infrastructure delivery in India. The ability of IPAs to mobilize private investment, engage public sector partners and internalize negotiations calls for further exploration of their suitability in Indian conditions.
by Arjun P. Gupta.
S.M.in Technology and Policy
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Belkin, Markus, and markus belkin@rmit edu au. "An Assessment of Information Systems Effectiveness in Private and Hospital Pathology." RMIT University. Business Information Technology, 2009. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20090513.160738.
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This research investigates the role of laboratory information systems on business outcomes in medical pathology in Australia. Pathology information systems are inherently large-scale systems handling large numbers of data daily to service not only the pathology laboratory itself, but also referring medical practitioners. Patient results are often required in a
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Kjellén, Marianne. "From Public Pipes to Private Hands : Water Access and Distribution in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Kulturgeografiska institutionen, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-1212.
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In cities around the world, public water systems have increasingly come to be operated by private companies. Along with an internationally funded investment program to refurbish the dilapidated water infrastructure, private operations were tested also in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Only about a third of the households, however, are reached by the piped water system there; most households purchase water from those with pipe-connections or private boreholes. Thus, water distribution was informally privatized by way of water vending long before formal private sector participation began. This thesis explores individual and collective endeavors in water development, distribution, and access, along with the global and local influences that shaped the privatization exercise. With regard to the lease of Dar es Salaam’s water system, the institutional set-up has been found to mix the British and French models, having influenced the local situation through development assistance and conditionalities tied to loans. The institutional contradictions may have contributed to the conflictive cancellation of the lease arrangement. Due to the public utility company’s lack of operating capital and investment planning, infrastructure development has responded mainly to immediate individual demands, resulting in a spaghetti-like network and structural leakage. The long-standing under-performance and low coverage of the piped water system have forced many people to devise their own ways to access water. This thesis argues that the individually-devised artisan ways of water provisioning constitute the life-line of Dar es Salaam’s water system. Yet, they also undermine and divert resources away from the collectively-devised industrial form of piped water provision.
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Kjellén, Marianne. "From public pipes to private hands : water access and distribution in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania /." Stockholm : Stockholm university, Department of human geography, 2006. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb410661953.
Full textBooks on the topic "Public and private distribution systems"
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1940-, Srivastava Jitendra, ed. Seed system development: The appropriate roles of the private and public sectors. Washington, D.C: World Bank, 1992.
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M, Noam Eli, and NíShúilleabháin Aine, eds. Private networks public objectives. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1996.
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Communication networks: Private networks within the public domain. Maidenhead, Berkshire, England: Pergamon Infotech, 1985.
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Mitchell, Olivia S. Administrative costs in public and private retirement systems. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 1996.
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van Boom, Willem H., and Michael Faure, eds. Shifts in Compensation Between Private and Public Systems. Vienna: Springer Vienna, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-211-71554-3.
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Massachusetts. Division of Water Supply. Guidelines & policies for public water systems. [Boston]: Office of the Massachusetts Secretary of State, 1989.
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Ferreira, Francisco. Roads to equality: Wealth distribution dynamics with public-private capital complementarity. London: Suntory-Toyota International Centre for Economics and Related Disciplines, 1995.
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Program, Massachusetts Drinking Water. Guidelines and policies for public water systems. [Boston: Office of the Massachusetts Secretary of State], 1996.
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Ruskin, Robert H. Water quality in the public distribution systems of the Virgin Islands. St. Thomas, U.S. V.I: Caribbean Research Institute, University of the Virgin Islands, 1987.
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A, Popov Alexander, Pushak Nataliya, and World Bank, eds. Does private sector participation improve performance in electricity and water distribution? Washington, DC: World Bank, 2008.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Public and private distribution systems"
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Stellinga, Bart, Josta de Hoog, Arthur van Riel, and Casper de Vries. "An Appraisal of the Financial Monetary System." In Research for Policy, 83–116. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-70250-2_4.
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AbstractThis chapter assesses the financial monetary system on the basis of four characteristics: (1) its economic contribution; (2) its stability; (3) its fairness in the distribution of benefits, costs and risks; and (4) its legitimacy. Based on this analysis, we highlight key problems in the current system. Our analysis points to two underlying problems: the unbalanced and uncontrolled growth of money and debt; and a distorted balance between public and private interests.
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Herrero, Mario, Marta Hugas, Uma Lele, Aman Wirakartakusumah, and Maximo Torero. "A Shift to Healthy and Sustainable Consumption Patterns." In Science and Innovations for Food Systems Transformation, 59–85. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-15703-5_5.
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AbstractThis chapter recognises that current food consumption patterns, often characterised by higher levels of food waste and a transition in diets towards higher energy, more resource-intensive foods, need to be transformed. Food systems in both developed and developing countries are changing rapidly. Increasingly characterised by a high degree of vertical integration, evolutions in food systems are being driven by new technologies that are changing production processes, distribution systems, marketing strategies, and the food products that people eat. These changes offer the opportunity for system-wide change in the way in which production interacts with the environment, giving greater attention to the ecosystem services offered by the food sector. However, developments in food systems also pose new challenges and controversies. Food system changes have responded to shifts in consumer preferences towards larger shares of more animal-sourced and processed foods in diets, raising concerns regarding the calorific and nutritional content of many food items. By increasing food availability, lowering prices and increasing quality standards, they have also induced greater food waste at the consumer end. In addition, the potential fast transmission of food-borne disease, antimicrobial resistance and food-related health risks throughout the food chain has increased, and the ecological footprint of the global food system continues to grow in terms of energy, resource use, and impact on climate change. The negative consequences of food systems from a nutritional, environmental and livelihood perspective are increasingly being recognised by consumers in some regions. With growing consumer awareness, driven by concerns about the environmental and health impacts of investments and current supply chain technologies and practices, as well as by a desire among new generations of city dwellers to reconnect with their rural heritage and use their own behaviour to drive positive change, opportunities exist to define and establish added-value products that are capable of internalising social or environmental delivery within their price. These forces can be used to fundamentally reshape food systems by stimulating coordinated government action in changing the regulatory environment that, in turn, incentivises improved private sector investment decisions. Achieving healthy diets from sustainable food systems is complex and requires a multi-pronged approach. Actions necessary include awareness-raising, behaviour change interventions in food environments, food education, strengthened urban-rural linkages, improved product design, investments in food system innovations, public-private partnerships, public procurement, and separate collection that enables alternative uses of food waste, all of which can contribute to this transition. Local and national policy-makers and small- and large-scale private sector actors have a key role in both responding to and shaping the market opportunities created by changing consumer demands.
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Lee, Po-Chang, Shwu-Huey Wu, Yu-Pin Chang, and Joyce Tsung-Hsi Wang. "Innovative Applications of the Medical Information." In Digital Health Care in Taiwan, 129–52. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-05160-9_7.
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AbstractThe National Health Insurance Administration (NHIA) began a pilot telemedicine program for people in remote areas after the Ministry of Health and Welfare expanded the eligibility for telemedicine. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the healthcare system also accelerated the inclusion of telemedicine in the scheme. This chapter discusses how 5G facilitates telemedicine services; for example, the virtual National Health Insurance (NHI) card could bring comprehensive medical service to more settings, such as home-based medical care, by virtualizing the identification process.The NHI played a pivotal role in Taiwan’s battle against COVID-19. Besides providing travel history, occupation, contact history, and cluster to medical providers on the NHI MediCloud systems, the NHI virtual private network system was used to distribute medical masks through contracted pharmacies in the early stage of the pandemic. Moreover, the NHIA pulled in data, including vaccination history and polymerase chain reaction test results, from the NHI database to the NHI Express app so that the public can manage their health promptly. The last part of the chapter discusses Taiwan’s successful story of opening data to the private sectors to carry out the name-based medical mask distribution system.
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Pretzsch, Sebastian, Holger Drees, and Lutz Rittershaus. "Mobility Data Space." In Designing Data Spaces, 343–61. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-93975-5_21.
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AbstractTo successfully support decision-making or even automatically make decisions of their own, intelligent transport and mobility systems require large amounts of data. Although multitudes of mobility data are already being collected today, the comprehensive processing and exploitation of this data have often been impossible due to technical, legal, or economic reasons. With Mobility Data Space, an open data space is now being created which offers access to real-time traffic data and sensitive mobility data beyond their secure exchange and which links existing data platforms to each other. In the future, it will thus be possible to provide comprehensive mobility data on a national level.Based on a decentralized system architecture developed by the International Data Spaces Association e. V., the Mobility Data Space offers an ecosystem in which data providers can specify and control the conditions under which their data can be used by third parties. This approach creates data sovereignty as well as trust, and data users can be sure about data origin and quality. By integrating data from the public and private sector via regional and national platforms, the Mobility Data Space will become a digital distribution channel for data-driven business models, providing entirely new options of data acquisition, linking, and exploitation.Whether data provider, user, developer, or end user—the Mobility Data Space takes all acting parties into consideration and offers: Data sovereignty and security along the value chain Standardized access to data from both public and private sources Space for the emergence of new business models, distribution channels and services, as well as a larger selection of innovative mobility services and applications
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Phang, Sock-Yong. "Public-Private Partnerships." In Housing Finance Systems, 97–108. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137014030_8.
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Kovács, Attila. "Public and Private Procurement Systems." In Enhancing Procurement Practices, 175–87. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-8947-5_12.
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Brenner, Y. S., and N. Brenner-Golomb. "Distribution Between the Private and the Public Sector." In A Theory of Full Employment, 69–77. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0793-1_10.
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James, Estelle, and Gail Benjamin. "Socioeconomic Distribution and Redistributional Effects of Education: Japan." In Public Policy and Private Education in Japan, 110–36. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-19468-1_8.
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Turk, Sevkiye Sence, and Fatma Belgin Gumru. "Use of Negotiable Developer Obligations (NDOs) in urban planning and land development systems in Turkey." In Public Infrastructure, Private Finance, 143–52. Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2019. | Series: Routledge research in planning and urban design: Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781351129169-13.
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Bouallouche, Yacine, Catherine da Cunha, Raphael Chenouard, and Alain Bernard. "Extended Administration: Public-Private Management." In Advances in Production Management Systems: Innovative Production Management Towards Sustainable Growth, 20–26. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-22756-6_3.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Public and private distribution systems"
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Japarova, Damira. "Public-Private Partnership and Risk Management in Healthcare System." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c14.02612.
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The lack of financial resources in public health organizations of the Kyrgyz Republic requires the involvement of private sources of funding. Private sector involvement can take place in the construction and operation of hospitals, clinics, laboratories, and other health facilities. A prerequisite for public-private partnership is the joint financing of projects. At the same time, possible risks are shared between project participants. One of the risks is the risk associated with the unpredictability of demand for services. The emergence of partnerships that provide high-quality medical services requires a preliminary identification of risks and their effective distribution among the participants in a public-private partnership. The next type of risk is determined by such economic factors as changes in bank interest rates on loans, exchange rates, inflation rates, tax rates, which ultimately can limit the amount of credit resources and, accordingly, expected income. Risk management in a public-private partnership involves the definition of risks as expected losses associated with an increase in costs not provided for in the project, as well as a discrepancy between the expected financial results planned in the forecasts of the public-private partnership. The paper gives a description of the types of risk, the principles of their prediction and prevention.
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Klaassen, E., M. Beeks, and R. Bernards. "Bottom-up load modelling of private and public electric vehicle charging to assess the impact on distribution systems." In CIRED Porto Workshop 2022: E-mobility and power distribution systems. Institution of Engineering and Technology, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/icp.2022.0837.
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Sharma, Ajay Kumar. "HSE and City Gas Distribution." In ASME 2017 India Oil and Gas Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/iogpc2017-2452.
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City Gas Distribution is one of the most assured businesses in current times as Natural Gas being a clean fuel becomes the first choice of consumers. Though CGD Network has enormous potential and has evident advantages however, it brings alongwith it’s own challenges but the biggest challenge is the vicinity of CGD Network with common public. A major factor for success of CGD Network depends on the discipline and involvement of common public in keeping CGD Network safe and effective. This paper intends to discuss on HSE issues with focus on like Single Call system for India, Indian regulations Vs other countries and Quality Assurance. Single Call system for India is the most important issue of CGD Network that really needs to be deliberated. In India, more than 20 clearances need to be obtained from various statutory and civil authorities before execution of any CGD Network project which really affects the project cost, time, consumer benefits, emergency response and third party damages. Now let’s consider few international regulations like National Energy Board in Canada which is the nodal agency to ensure CGD pipelines are safe for public and environment. NEB regulations harmonize with provinces to ensure that any third party excavation work within pipeline corridor is carried out only after due communication to the pipeline company. The 49 US Code 60114 - One Call notification system also mandates that any third party before carrying out any excavation needs to establish if there are underground facilities present in the area of the intended activity and contact appropriate system. Indian regulations like T4S and ERDMP for CGD Network are indeed bringing all CGD companies at par in terms of design, safety, O&M and Integrity Management System. However, they need to sincerely look into Single Call System alongwith specific issues like interdistances, space constraints in big cities, compressor installation at height. Quality Assurance involves periodic inspection and maintenance of CGD asset through a systematic plan including identification of critical equipments, Preventive Maintenance Schedules, carrying out maintenance as per the PM, maintaining a database of observations and defects. A key component is the generation of baseline data for implementing and monitoring Integrity Management System for CGD Network. Hence, as CGD Network is a complex and dynamic distribution system involving public, private industries/commercials, civil authorities and wide geography, it is imperative to have a multi-pronged approach involving strict regulation enforcement, well informed public and latest technologies to ensure safe and efficient CGD Networks.
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Swanson, David, and Jeffrey T. Fong. "A High-Risk High-Reward Approach to Public-Private Collaborative Research in Predictive Modeling and Control of Complex Systems." In ASME 2011 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2011-57712.
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In this paper, we propose an approach to public-private collaborative research in predictive modeling and control of complex engineered systems. Society depends intimately on complex systems. The behavior of a simple system can be modeled and the model can be validated by experimental observations, if the behavior of each component and its interface with other components are known and well-defined. In contrast, a complex system cannot be modeled accurately enough to effectively predict and control the behaviors of the overall system. One example of an engineered complex system network (CSN) is the electricity power grid, which encompasses power generation, transmission, distribution, and consumption, as one giant system that includes electric generators, transformers, substation switchyards, transmission lines, consumer devices, and a multitude of new evolving components. The electricity power grid depends on other complex systems, e.g., climate systems that govern wind current for wind turbines, river water levels for thermoelectric cooling, and economic systems for service demand, pricing, revenue collection, and for business capital supply. Operational robustness, reliability, and efficiency of CSN’s are in the interest of all the subsystem owners, end users, and the public welfare of the nation. Conundrum? Who is responsible for the overall CSN’s operational robustness, reliability and efficiency, when so many parts of the system reside in so many different hands with the ultimate beneficiaries of the systems being the general public? Which entities are responsible for funding critical high-risk research, whose ultimate benefits do not reside with any one subset of stakeholders? These questions characterize the challenge of sourcing R&D funds that can be focused on modeling, understanding, and management of CSNs in general. To address such needs for innovative collaborative research, Congress established the Technology Innovation Program (TIP) at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) as part of the 2007 America COMPETES Act. Its purpose is to “assist United States businesses and institutions of higher education or other organizations, such as national laboratories and nonprofit research institutions, to support, promote, and accelerate innovation in the United States through high-risk, high-reward research in areas of critical national need.” Ongoing efforts by TIP to identify and qualify societal challenges in the critical national need area of Complex System Networks are introduced.
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Colmenares, Silvia. "Public Domesticity: The Beach as a Model." In 2018 ACSA International Conference. ACSA Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.35483/acsa.intl.2018.54.
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The temporary and collective appropriation of public spaces has become a way of pointing out the failure of their institutional management. But through the whole system of locally produced opportunities of engagement, a tendency to execute this appropriation by the performance of domestic scenes can be identified. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to describe this growing tendency to reclaim what is public by showing its capacity to be used as private, and among those, the ‘beach’ will be described as a model. Being the perfect incarnation of the idea of human fellowship in the open air, the beach regulates itself through its very un-programmed usage. This might be the reason why its genuine conditions have been tentatively replicated at the core of some highly urban scenarios. However, this experience oriented design examples seem to be just a rehearsal of what a real beach should be. Relying on the physical properties of the sand and the colourful atrezzo accompanying sunbaths, they fundamentally fail to engage the radicalness of the beach concept. If the topical image of relaxed individuals is superseded, by default distribution of space, access control, cleansing and security issues come to the fore. At a time when it is no more ‘under the pavement’, the beach can still gear the debate about public space in our cities.
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Ferreira, Raul, Vagner Praia, Heraldo Filho, Fabrício Bonecini, Andre Vieira, and Felix Lopez. "Platform of the Brazilian CSOs: Open Government Data and Crowdsourcing for the Promotion of Citizenship." In XIII Simpósio Brasileiro de Sistemas de Informação. Sociedade Brasileira de Computação, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5753/sbsi.2017.6021.
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In Brazil and around the world, Civil Society Organizations (CSOs) provide valuable public services for society. Through CSOs, people have organized and defended their rights, communities and interests, and can fully exercise their collective potential, often acting in partnership with governments to carry out public policies and/or develop their own projects, financed by the private financing or being self-sucient. Public transparency and availability of quality data are requirements for analyzing the strength and capacity of these organizations. Understanding the distribution of non-governmental organizations across the world and at the national scale, their areas of updating, projects in progress, and their execution capacity, is critical to promote the financing conditions of CSOs, to make it visible and to make it more e↵ective, transparent, and strong. With these goals in mind, we developed the Civil Society Organizations Platform1, an open, free and public on-line portal that provides a wide variety of information on the profile and performance of the population of CSOs in Brazil. Its core mission is to provide data, knowledge, and information on the role played by the almost 400,000 CSOs in activity in Brazil and their cooperation with the public administration in delivering public policies and services. We show how we developed this platform, the integration with several di↵erent databases, the challenges of working with open government data and how we integrated a lot of recent open source technologies in all spheres of system development. The first empirical results are shown and some new features regarding public data are presented.
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Golić, Darko. "ORGANIZATION AND ADMINISTRATIVE TASKS OF THE ADMINISTRATION IN THE FIELD OF TOURISM." In Tourism International Scientific Conference Vrnjačka Banja - TISC. FACULTY OF HOTEL MANAGEMENT AND TOURISM IN VRNJAČKA BANJA UNIVERSITY OF KRAGUJEVAC, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.52370/tisc22195dg.
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Administrative activity, in addition to the classic ones, includes more and more non-authoritative activities, and their effectiveness largely depends on the organization of the administration, distributed at different levels of territorial and political organization. The constitutional framework implies that the establishment of the system in various areas of the economy is in the competence of the state, while the autonomous provinces and local self-government units have certain competencies. Legal identification and standardization of administrative affairs and tasks in the field of tourism should be such that it does not endanger the freedom of private initiative, but do provide protection of the public interest. The analysis of the constitutional and legal framework includes the system of distribution of competencies in the field of tourism, the nature of administrative affairs and organizational forms of their implementation in the Republic of Serbia and a comparative review.
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Soares, Leonardo Ribeiro, Rosangela da Silveira Corrêa, Rosemar Macedo Sousa Rahal, Danielle Cristina Netto Rodrigues, Suzana Alves Bastos, Rodrigo Massakatsu Nishiharu Tanaka, Lucy Aparecida Parreira Marins, and Ruffo Freitas-Junior. "MAMMOGRAPHY SCREENING IN A STATE OF MIDWESTERN BRAZIL: AN ECOLOGICAL STUDY." In Abstracts from the Brazilian Breast Cancer Symposium - BBCS 2021. Mastology, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.29289/259453942021v31s2027.
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Objective: To evaluate breast cancer screening according to demographic data, number, and geographical distribution of mammography units, screening coverage, and technology available. Method: This is an ecological study carried out among diagnostic centers with functioning mammography machines. We included all centers offering mammography in 2019. Correlations between the municipal human development index (HDI) and breast screening coverage were evaluated and the age of available equipment was compared between the public (SUS) and the private healthcare sector. Results were compared with a 2008 study. Results: In Goiás, 164 mammography units were operational, with 66 (40%) serving the SUS. Overall, the proportion of women/unit was 7,008/1 aged 40–69 years and 3,949/1 for women aged 50–69 years. Approximately 400,896 scans were performed — a mean of 200 scans/month (5–1,000) or 9 scans/day. Screening coverage was 83.2%, with 17.1% of these scans being performed within the SUS. The HDI correlated moderately but not significantly with screening coverage. There was no statistically significant difference in the mean age of the equipment between the SUS (14.29±7.79 years) and the private sector (15.17±7.67 years). When compared with the 2008 results, there was a decrease in the percentage of conventional units from 75.7% to 6%, an increase in computed radiography systems from 24.3% to 86.7%, and the introduction of digital radiography (7.3%). Conclusions: In 2019, breast-screening coverage in Goiás reached 83.2%, with 17.1% being conducted within the SUS. The geographical distribution of mammography units is heterogeneous and productivity is low. Compared with 2008, availability is increased and the standard of the equipment is improved.
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Tucker, D., P. Pezzini, and K. M. Bryden. "Cyber-Physical Systems: A New Paradigm for Energy Technology Development." In ASME 2018 Power Conference collocated with the ASME 2018 12th International Conference on Energy Sustainability and the ASME 2018 Nuclear Forum. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/power2018-7315.
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Energy based Cyber-physical systems (CPS) find their greatest popularity in smart grid applications, where a complex computational algorithm imparts “intelligence” to a supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) system used for balancing load distributions. In contrast to this static application of CPS technology, research conducted jointly by U.S. Department of Energy’s, National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL) and Ames Laboratory proposes a new paradigm in which CPS is used as a core technology in energy system development, design, and deployment. The goal is to speed up the development and deployment of advanced concept power plants, reduce the cost and thereby encouraging private and public investment, and substantially reduce the risk of failure. The current technology development paradigm generally starts with models and bench-scale tests, leading to a pilot plant demonstration of the technology before construction of a commercial system. The concept proposed by NETL and Ames incorporates CPS before and during the construction of a pilot plant — arguably the highest risk part of implementing new energy technologies — and then extends the cyber physical infrastructure to the full-scale plant creating a fully functional and coupled digital twin. The creation of a cyber-physical platform as a part of the advanced energy system design and deployment has the potential to enable the “customization” of energy systems to meet local needs and resources. This will reduce cost and environmental impact of energy production and use. Examples of how the technology development process can be changed in the energy sector will be discussed using fuel cell turbine hybrids as an example.
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Sokolitsyn, A. S., M. V. Ivanov, N. A. Sokolitsyna, and V. P. Semenov. "Optimal finance distribution between public-private patnership project participants." In 2016 XIX IEEE International Conference on Soft Computing and Measurements (SCM). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/scm.2016.7519836.
Full textReports on the topic "Public and private distribution systems"
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Olivera, Javier, and José A. Valderrama. The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Future Pensions of the Peruvian Pension System. Inter-American Development Bank, November 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004533.
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We study the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic and the pension policy response on the private and public pension systems of Peru. We find that the policies allowing early withdrawals from the private pension balances imply a significant reduction in expected pension wealth by about 40 people, yet there are important heterogeneous effects: the losses are larger for males, for affiliates at the bottom of the distribution of income or pension wealth, and for older people as they have less time to rebuild their pension pots. We detect that the excess of mortality due to the pandemic will reduce the actuarial net liability of the public pension system by about 2.4 percent, even after accounting for new survival pensions and a drop in contributions. The effect is largely driven by savings due to the anticipated deaths of pensioners. Moreover, a new set of reduced pension benefits implemented in the public pension system during the pandemic could cost about 4 percent of the actuarial net reserve.
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Mitchell, Olivia. Administrative Costs in Public and Private Retirement Systems. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, August 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w5734.
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Margo, Robert, and T. Aldrich Finegan. Changes in the Distribution of Wages, 1940-1950: The Public vs. the Private Sector. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, December 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w5389.
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AHMADI, B. V. Public–private partnerships (PPPs) for efficient sustainable animal health systems and veterinary services. O.I.E (World Organisation for Animal Health), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.20506/tt.2776.
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Dorosh, Paul A. Promoting national and household food security in Bangladesh: Evolving roles of public stocks, cereal distribution and private trade. Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2499/9789845063715_08.
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Mathew, Sonu, Srinivas S. Pulugurtha, and Sarvani Duvvuri. Modeling and Predicting Geospatial Teen Crash Frequency. Mineta Transportation Institute, June 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2022.2119.
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This research project 1) evaluates the effect of road network, demographic, and land use characteristics on road crashes involving teen drivers, and, 2) develops and compares the predictability of local and global regression models in estimating teen crash frequency. The team considered data for 201 spatially distributed road segments in Mecklenburg County, North Carolina, USA for the evaluation and obtained data related to teen crashes from the Highway Safety Information System (HSIS) database. The team extracted demographic and land use characteristics using two different buffer widths (0.25 miles and 0.5 miles) at each selected road segment, with the number of crashes on each road segment used as the dependent variable. The generalized linear models with negative binomial distribution (GLM-based NB model) as well as the geographically weighted negative binomial regression (GWNBR) and geographically weighted negative binomial regression model with global dispersion (GWNBRg) were developed and compared. This research relied on data for 147 geographically distributed road segments for modeling and data for 49 segments for validation. The annual average daily traffic (AADT), light commercial land use, light industrial land use, number of household units, and number of pupils enrolled in public or private high schools are significant explanatory variables influencing the teen crash frequency. Both methods have good predictive capabilities and can be used to estimate the teen crash frequency. However, the GWNBR and GWNBRg better capture the spatial dependency and spatial heterogeneity among road teen crashes and the associated risk factors.
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Caferatta, Fernando G., Bridget Hoffman, and Carlos Scartascini. Research Insights: What Role Does Trust in Government Play in Support for Public Policies to Improve Air Pollution? Inter-American Development Bank, October 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003732.
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Trust in government and the perceived quality of public services are positively correlated with support for an additional tax to improve air quality. Trust in government and the perceived quality of public services are positively correlated with a preference for government retention of revenue from fees collected from polluting firms as opposed to distribution of revenue directly to citizens. Trust in government and the perceived quality of public services are not significantly correlated with citizens preferences on the allocation of those revenues between public spending and private goods.
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Al Hosain, Nourah, and Alma Alhussaini. Evaluating Access to Riyadh’s Planned Public Transport System Using Geospatial Analysis. King Abdullah Petroleum Studies and Research Center, June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30573/ks--2021-dp10.
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The King Abdulaziz Project for Public Transport in Riyadh city is one of the world’s largest urban transit systems being developed. The project aims to meet the demands of the city’s growing urban population while reducing traffic congestion, heavy private car dependence and air pollution. The performance of any public transport system largely depends on its accessibility. Therefore, this study evaluates the populations’ access to Riyadh’s public transport stations using network analysis tools based on geographic information systems.
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White, William. What Next for the Post Covid Global Economy: Could Negative Supply Shocks Disrupt Other Fragile Systems? Institute for New Economic Thinking Working Paper Series, January 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36687/inetwp199.
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There is a reasonable likelihood that that the next global economic crisis could threaten the future of democracy. The economic system is a complex, adaptive system (CAS) subject to “tipping points” when underlying stresses lead to crisis. Moreover, the economic system is nested within a number of other CAS; political, environmental and public health among others. Looking forward, recurrent negative supply shocks imply a dangerous future of higher real interest rates and debt distress leading to either deflation (private debt distress) or higher inflation (sovereign debt distress). Such problems could threaten democratic political systems that are already showing signs of significant stress themselves. The paper finishes with some reflections on policy alternatives.
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Tweet, Justin, Holley Flora, Summer Weeks, Eathan McIntyre, and Vincent Santucci. Grand Canyon-Parashant National Monument: Paleontological resource inventory (public version). National Park Service, December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2289972.
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Grand Canyon-Parashant National Monument (PARA) in northwestern Arizona has significant paleontological resources, which are recognized in the establishing presidential proclamation. Because of the challenges of working in this remote area, there has been little documentation of these resources over the years. PARA also has an unusual management situation which complicates resource management. The majority of PARA is administered by the Bureau of Land Management (BLM; this land is described here as PARA-BLM), while about 20% of the monument is administered by the National Park Service (NPS; this land is described here as PARA-NPS) in conjunction with Lake Mead National Recreation Area (LAKE). Parcels of state and private land are scattered throughout the monument. Reports of fossils within what is now PARA go back to at least 1914. Geologic and paleontologic reports have been sporadic over the past century. Much of what was known of the paleontology before the 2020 field inventory was documented by geologists focused on nearby Grand Canyon National Park (GRCA) and LAKE, or by students working on graduate projects; in either case, paleontology was a secondary topic of interest. The historical record of fossil discoveries in PARA is dominated by Edwin McKee, who reported fossils from localities in PARA-NPS and PARA-BLM as part of larger regional projects published from the 1930s to the 1980s. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) has mapped the geology of PARA in a series of publications since the early 1980s. Unpublished reports by researchers from regional institutions have documented paleontological resources in Quaternary caves and rock shelters. From September to December 2020, a field inventory was conducted to better understand the scope and distribution of paleontological resources at PARA. Thirty-eight localities distributed across the monument and throughout its numerous geologic units were documented extensively, including more than 420 GPS points and 1,300 photos, and a small number of fossil specimens were collected and catalogued under 38 numbers. In addition, interviews were conducted with staff to document the status of paleontology at PARA, and potential directions for future management, research, protection, and interpretation. In geologic terms, PARA is located on the boundary of the Colorado Plateau and the Basin and Range provinces. Before the uplift of the Colorado Plateau near the end of the Cretaceous 66 million years ago, this area was much lower in elevation and subject to flooding by shallow continental seas. This led to prolonged episodes of marine deposition as well as complex stratigraphic intervals of alternating terrestrial and marine strata. Most of the rock formations that are exposed in the monument belong to the Paleozoic part of the Grand Canyon section, deposited between approximately 510 and 270 million years ago in mostly shallow marine settings. These rocks have abundant fossils of marine invertebrates such as sponges, corals, bryozoans, brachiopods, bivalves, gastropods, crinoids, and echinoids. The Cambrian–Devonian portion of the Grand Canyon Paleozoic section is represented in only a few areas of PARA. The bulk of the Paleozoic rocks at PARA are Mississippian to Permian in age, approximately 360 to 270 million years old, and belong to the Redwall Limestone through the Kaibab Formation. While the Grand Canyon section has only small remnants of younger Mesozoic rocks, several Mesozoic formations are exposed within PARA, mostly ranging in age from the Early Triassic to the Early Jurassic (approximately 252 to 175 million years ago), as well as some middle Cretaceous rocks deposited approximately 100 million years ago. Mesozoic fossils in PARA include marine fossils in the Moenkopi Formation and petrified wood and invertebrate trace fossils in the Chinle Formation and undivided Moenave and Kayenta Formations.