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Journal articles on the topic 'Public and population health'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 December 2022

Last updated: 28 January 2023

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1

Liana Monica, Deac. "Infectious Diarrhea, a Public Health Problem in Population." Biomedical Research and Clinical Reviews 4, no. 2 (June 18, 2021): 01–04. http://dx.doi.org/10.31579/2692-9406/058.

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Infectious etiology in acute diarrhea, referred several gastrointestinal diseases, Most are gastroenteritis associated with clinical signs and symptoms including: nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain and cramps, bloating, flatulence, fever, passage of bloody stools, tenesmus, and fecal urgency disorders. Diarrheal illness is a large worldwide public health problem, with substantial regional variation, in the prevalence of medical signs by being caused by specific pathogens. Infectious diarrheal diseases, are the second leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide and can cause real public health concerns. Such diarrhea was studied as a medical disorder, in a 3 years period, 2017 to 2020, in Transylvania a large region in Romania. It was found there, 3577 number of diarrheal diseases cases, appeared almost during July to August. The case incidence for the disease arrived at 65%, in the entire summer season. The cases data were transmitted by 12 district Sanitary Polices, to the Public Health Center Cluj. Cases were almost diagnosed by the family doctors of the region, in more then 50%. Few of this have need some days of hospitalization, because of several disease disorders, in which case it was used a specific adequate fluid and electrolyte replacement as key of the treatment, for managing diarrheal illnesses. Even so, 3 children under 5 years age died, because of severe complications. It was remarked so, organic failed who was estimate to be the cause of their deaths. Clinical and epidemiological evaluations were done and even defined the severity and type of this mentioned illnesses. The detected infectious etiology for the acute diarrheas, where determined in authorized Microbiology laboratories, where were identified: Shigella spp, Salmonella spp, Campylobacter spp, Yersinia spp, Rotavirus, Giardia. Most number of cases appeared in children, being suggestive in 63%, followed by elderly or adult people in 17% each. Acute diarrheal illness had to be considered a major public health issue, against which some determined control efforts are needed. Public health surveillance of infectious acute diarrhea, includes obligatory done strategies for a correct infection control.

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2

Monica, Deac. "Infectious Diarrhea, a Public Health Problem in Population." Biomedical Research and Clinical Reviews 4, no. 3 (June 18, 2021): 01–04. http://dx.doi.org/10.31579/2.692-9406/058.

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Infectious etiology in acute diarrhea, referred several gastrointestinal diseases, Most are gastroenteritis associated with clinical signs and symptoms including: nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain and cramps, bloating, flatulence, fever, passage of bloody stools, tenesmus, and fecal urgency disorders. Diarrheal illness is a large worldwide public health problem, with substantial regional variation, in the prevalence of medical signs by being caused by specific pathogens. Infectious diarrheal diseases, are the second leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide and can cause real public health concerns. Such diarrhea was studied as a medical disorder, in a 3 years period, 2017 to 2020, in Transylvania a large region in Romania. It was found there, 3577 number of diarrheal diseases cases, appeared almost during July to August. The case incidence for the disease arrived at 65%, in the entire summer season. The cases data were transmitted by 12 district Sanitary Polices, to the Public Health Center Cluj. Cases were almost diagnosed by the family doctors of the region, in more then 50%. Few of this have need some days of hospitalization, because of several disease disorders, in which case it was used a specific adequate fluid and electrolyte replacement as key of the treatment, for managing diarrheal illnesses. Even so, 3 children under 5 years age died, because of severe complications. It was remarked so, organic failed who was estimate to be the cause of their deaths. Clinical and epidemiological evaluations were done and even defined the severity and type of this mentioned illnesses. The detected infectious etiology for the acute diarrheas, where determined in authorized Microbiology laboratories, where were identified: Shigella spp, Salmonella spp, Campylobacter spp, Yersinia spp, Rotavirus, Giardia. Most number of cases appeared in children, being suggestive in 63%, followed by elderly or adult people in 17% each. Acute diarrheal illness had to be considered a major public health issue, against which some determined control efforts are needed. Public health surveillance of infectious acute diarrhea, includes obligatory done strategies for a correct infection control.

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3

Boyd, Jamie M., Melissa L. Potestio, and Laura McDougall. "Population and Public Health." Canadian Medical Association Journal 191, Suppl (December 4, 2019): S42—S43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1503/cmaj.190601.

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4

Baba, Zeinab, Stephanie Belinske, and Donald Post. "Public Health, Population Health, and Planning:." Delaware Journal of Public Health 4, no. 2 (March 2018): 14–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.32481/djph.2018.03.004.

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5

Singh, Simone R. "Public Health Spending and Population Health." American Journal of Preventive Medicine 47, no. 5 (November 2014): 634–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2014.05.017.

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6

Hallberg, Örjan. "Public health versus population density." European Journal of Cancer Prevention 23, no. 6 (November 2014): 566–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/cej.0000000000000002.

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7

Campbell, D. M. "Population registers and public health." BMJ 301, no. 6752 (September 22, 1990): 607. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.301.6752.607.

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8

Sharp, Catherine A., Mark A. Bellis, Karen Hughes, Kat Ford, and Lisa C. G. Di Lemma. "Public acceptability of public health policy to improve population health: A population‐based survey." Health Expectations 23, no. 4 (April 24, 2020): 802–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/hex.13041.

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9

El-Sherbiny, Naglaa A., Mohamed A. Mashahit, and Rania E. Sheir. "Assessment of public awareness about body measurements among Fayoum population." Health 06, no. 03 (2014): 212–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/health.2014.63031.

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10

Inglis, Nadia Jane, Neeraj Malhotra, Ellie Hothersall, and Tom Fowler. "The Public Health Specialist and Access to Public Health Advice." InnovAiT: Education and inspiration for general practice 4, no. 12 (December 2011): 719–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/innovait/inr177.

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Public health specialists can be described as leaders of the ‘upstream health workforce’, concerned with preventing unnecessary and ‘revolving door’ contact with health services. Achieving this requires working to promote good health, improve health services and protect populations from infectious disease and environmental risks. Public health work is based upon the recognition that populations are complex constructions of groups of individuals, who may or may not seek help for health problems or be able effectively to take action to improve their own health. This article will define key areas of public health practice giving specific examples of the role of the public health specialist in the UK, as well as how and why primary care professionals might access specialist advice. The examples demonstrate the great potential for improving population health through the complementary efforts of primary care and public health professionals.

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11

Halkitis, Perry N., and Kristen D. Krause. "Public and Population Health Perspectives of LGBTQ Health." Annals of LGBTQ Public and Population Health 1, no. 1 (March 1, 2020): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/lgbtq.2019-0012.

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12

Meagher-Stewart, Donna, Nancy Edwards, Megan Aston, and Linda Young. "Population Health Surveillance Practice of Public Health Nurses." Public Health Nursing 26, no. 6 (October 22, 2009): 553–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1525-1446.2009.00814.x.

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13

James, James J. "Advancing population health science to public health policy." Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness 12, no. 4 (August 2018): 421. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/dmp.2018.108.

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14

Panico, Salvatore. ""Shaping" population health: a challenge for public health." Sozial- und Pr�ventivmedizin/Social and Preventive Medicine 48, no. 3 (June 1, 2003): 141–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00038-003-3036-0.

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15

Streetly, Allison, and Vaishnavee Madden. "Public health for paediatricians: population screening." Archives of disease in childhood - Education & practice edition 101, no. 6 (July 26, 2016): 304–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2015-309884.

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16

Hopper, John L. "Genetics for population and public health." International Journal of Epidemiology 46, no. 1 (February 1, 2017): 8–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyx008.

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17

Zolotor, Adam J., and Berkeley Yorkery. "Public Policy Approaches to Population Health." Primary Care: Clinics in Office Practice 46, no. 4 (December 2019): 575–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pop.2019.07.015.

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18

Tutelyan, V. A. "Healthy food for public health." Public Health 1, no. 1 (June 8, 2021): 56–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.21045/2782-1676-2021-1-1-56-64.

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The concept of healthy nutrition as a key factor shaping human health in all periods of life, as well as its fundamental principles based on the basic laws on nutrition, is considered. Special attention is paid to the issues of food safety, ensuring the physiological needs for energy, food and biologically active substances, the importance of diversity and balance of the diet. The main violations of the nutrition structure of the population of the Russian Federation are reflected and effective tools for its improvement, prevention of alimentary-dependent non-communicable diseases and health-saving of the nation are proposed.

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19

Fant, Gregory. "Examining Population Structure of Rajasthan with Implications for Public Health Planning and rate Standardization to support Eye and Vision Care Public Health Programming." Epidemiology International 03, no. 01 (April 2, 2018): 18–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.24321/2455.7048.201804.

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20

O'Donnell, C. A. "Public health and primary care. Partners in population health." Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health 63, no. 2 (October 17, 2008): e18-e18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jech.2008.073809.

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21

BLAIR, M. "Public health: Taking a population perspective on child health." Archives of Disease in Childhood 83, no. 1 (July 1, 2000): 7–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/adc.83.1.7.

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22

Jessop, E. "Continuity of public health leadership and population health outcome." Public Health 112, no. 2 (March 1998): 133. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0033-3506(98)00598-8.

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23

Annas, George J., and Sandro Galea. "Dying Healthy: Public Health Priorities for Fixed Population Life Expectancies." Annals of Internal Medicine 169, no. 8 (September 25, 2018): 568. http://dx.doi.org/10.7326/m18-1609.

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24

Gatter, Robert. "Teaching Population Health Outcomes Research, Advocacy, and the Population Health Perspective in Public Health Law." Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 44, S1 (2016): 41–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1073110516644226.

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The goal of this project was to expand an existing public health law curriculum to incorporate lessons on population health outcomes research, extra-legal advocacy, and the population health perspective. The project also created opportunities for students not only to read about and discuss concepts, but also to employ the lessons more practically through exercises and by writing white papers on public health law reform topics relevant to population health in Missouri. To do this, the project expanded an existing didactic course and created a new credit-bearing, experiential “Lab.”

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25

Bhargava, Alok. "Physician emigration, population health and public policies." Journal of Medical Ethics 39, no. 10 (January 26, 2013): 616–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/medethics-2012-101235.

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26

Valencia, Marta Inés Berrío. "Aging population: A challenge for public health☆." Colombian Journal of Anesthesiology 40, no. 3 (2012): 192–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01819236-201240030-00005.

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27

TARLOV, ALVIN R. "Public Policy Frameworks for Improving Population Health." Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 896, no. 1 (December 1999): 281–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1999.tb08123.x.

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28

PERROTT, GEORGE St J., and DOROTHY F. HOLLAND. "Population Trends and Problems of Public Health." Milbank Quarterly 83, no. 4 (November 9, 2005): 569–608. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0009.2005.00393.x.

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29

Berrío Valencia, Marta Inés. "Aging population: A challenge for public health." Colombian Journal of Anesthesiology 40, no. 3 (August 2012): 192–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rcae.2012.04.002.

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30

Sinha, Bidisha. "A Public Health Tool for Population Resilience." Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness 6, no. 03 (October 2012): 197. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1935789300004390.

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31

Flores, Eileen, Danielle Llaneza, Hanamori Skoblow, Lilian Azer, and Patricia D’Antonio. "PUBLIC HEALTH POLICY IN AN AGING POPULATION." Innovation in Aging 6, Supplement_1 (November 1, 2022): 381. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igac059.1504.

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Abstract In the U.S., cancer and its related issues have an impact on public health, such as increased death rates and economic burdens due to lost productivity and associated treatment costs. Along the cancer control continuum, there are ample opportunities to enact policies that can improve cancer prevention, detection, and survivorship. As the US population ages, health policies that address barriers to cancer prevention and optimal survivorship care for older adults will be key. The intersection of policy and public health has gained momentum in the last decade. Changes resulting from the Affordable Care Act and President Biden’s recently set goals (i.e. reduce age-adjusted death rates from cancer by at least 50% and improving the experience of people and their families living with and surviving cancer) for the Cancer Moonshot program have ignited the role of public health policy and its implications among the US population. As a policy intern, I had the opportunity to advocate on behalf of GSA, the nation’s largest aging organization, for research initiatives (e.g. ARPA-H) that amplify opportunities to address policies in public health. Advocating for initiatives that accelerate the government’s biomedical and health research to embrace a geroscience approach will continue to spearhead much needed opportunities to directly impact policies surrounding aging and cancer.

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32

Zhang, Fen, Tianyi Song, Xiang Cheng, Tianhao Li, and Ziming Yang. "Transportation Infrastructure, Population Mobility, and Public Health." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no. 1 (December 31, 2022): 751. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20010751.

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This paper constructs an overlapping generations model, including health human capital, to investigate the impact of transportation investment on public health with population mobility. The theoretical analysis shows that there is an inverted U-shaped relationship between transportation infrastructure and population flow, which also exists between transportation and health. Health is affected by transportation from three aspects: positive output effect, negative substitution effect on public health investment, and an indirect effect through population flow. In the empirical part, considered with the infectious diseases, we found that the more intensive the traffic facilities, the greater the population flow, and therefore, the traffic facilities will have a negative impact on health. When population mortality is used to measure the level of public health, transportation improvement will significantly enhance public health with an inverted U-shaped relationship, which is consistent with the theoretical portion.

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33

Vasthare, Ramprasad, Anil V. Ankola, Arron Lim Yan Ran, and Prateek Mansingh. "Geriatric oral health concerns, a dental public health narrative." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 6, no. 2 (January 24, 2019): 883. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20185509.

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Across the world, the segment of the elderly in populations is seen to be increasing at a rapid rate. There also exists a trend in which more teeth are retained as age increases due to effective dental public health measures like fluoridation. This inevitably places an increased need for dental healthcare among the geriatric populations. Since oral health greatly affects the systemic health of aged individuals, it is imperative for dentists and physicians to work together as a team to impart treatment to the best of one’s abilities for geriatric patients. It is therefore, necessary to first assess the oral health concerns surrounding the geriatric population from the perspective of public health dentistry. Relationship of the elderly with periodontal disease, dental caries, salivary hyposalivation and xerostomia, cognitive changes, and simultaneous usage of diverse medications was discussed. This paper reviewed the literature and then examined and discussed the various problems mentioned in depth and suggested recommendations for a plan of action. Knowledge about the specific oral health concerns and issues will help to better position us in developing strategies for providing better oral healthcare to the geriatric population in addition to the existing systemic healthcare. In the future, the elderly will make up a huge portion of the demographic visiting dentist regularly for a myriad of oral health problems. Dental health professionals therefore, must have adequate training and competency to deal with the predicament of this geriatric population. Preventive and treatment services can ensure healthy aging which will improve the quality of life.

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34

Gray, M., and W. Ricciardi. "From public health to population medicine: the contribution of public health to health care services." European Journal of Public Health 20, no. 4 (July 21, 2010): 366–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckq091.

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35

Lillefjell, Monica, Eva Magnus, Margunn SkJei Knudtsen, Guri Wist, Sissel Horghagen, Geir Arild Espnes, Ruca Maass, and Kirsti Sarheim Anthun. "Governance for public health and health equity: The Tröndelag model for public health work." Scandinavian Journal of Public Health 46, no. 22_suppl (June 2018): 37–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1403494818765704.

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Background: Multi-sectoral governance of population health is linked to the realization that health is the property of many societal systems. This study aims to contribute knowledge and methods that can strengthen the capacities of municipalities regarding how to work more systematically, knowledge-based and multi-sectoral in promoting health and health equity in the population. Methods: Process evaluation was conducted, applying a mixed-methods research design, combining qualitative and quantitative data collection methods. Results: Processes strengthening systematic and multi-sectoral development, implementation and evaluation of research-based measures to promote health, quality of life, and health equity in, for and with municipalities were revealed. A step-by-step model, that emphasizes the promotion of knowledge-based, systematic, multi-sectoral public health work, as well as joint ownership of local resources, initiatives and policies has been developed. Conclusions: Implementation of systematic, knowledge-based and multi-sectoral governance of public health measures in municipalities demand shared understanding of the challenges, updated overview of the population health and impact factors, anchoring in plans, new skills and methods for selection and implementation of measures, as well as development of trust, ownership, shared ethics and goals among those involved.

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36

Rahman, Md Shahidur. "Health Care in Aged Population: A Global Public Health Challenge." Journal of Medicine 20, no. 2 (June 27, 2019): 95–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jom.v20i2.42010.

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Health care and health care delivery systems will be burdened by growing number of ageing population and is going to be the next global public health challenge. Advances in medicine and socioeconomic development have substantially reduced mortality and morbidity. As a result number of aged is increasing with age related morbidity. These demographic and epidemiological changes, coupled with rapid urbanization, globalization, and accompanying changes in risk factors and lifestyles, have increased the prominence of chronic conditions. Health systems need to find effective strategies to extend health care and to respond to the needs of older adults. The goal of ensuring healthy lives and promoting wellbeing for everyone at all ages cannot be achieved without attention to the health of older adults. With an increasingly large proportion of this population living in low-income and middle-income countries, this will have implications worldwide. This literature based review intends to explore the spectrum of global challenge in geriatric health care. J MEDICINE JUL 2019; 20 (2) : 95-97

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37

Jarris, Paul E. "Population Health." Journal of Public Health Management and Practice 20, no. 5 (2014): 554–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/phh.0000000000000126.

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38

Henry, Lisa M. G., and Cassandra Codes-Johnson. "The Division of Public Health Adopts New Population Health Approach." Delaware Journal of Public Health 5, no. 1 (February 2019): 96–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.32481/djph.2019.02.015.

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39

Farrow, Eleanor, Freddie von Kaufmann, Fernanda Aguilar Perez, and Philip Satherley. "Why population health approaches remain so critical for public health." Perspectives in Public Health 142, no. 5 (September 2022): 244–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/17579139221119028.

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40

Jakeway, Carole C., Elizabeth E. Cantrell, Jackie B. Cason, and Brenda S. Talley. "Developing Population Health Competencies Among Public Health Nurses in Georgia." Public Health Nursing 23, no. 2 (March 2006): 161–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1525-1446.2006.230207.x.

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41

Ahmed, Faheem, Na'eem Ahmed, Samuel Atwell, Duncan Selbie, and Rifat Atun. "Towards population-based health care: students as public health ambassadors." Lancet Public Health 2, no. 10 (October 2017): e448. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s2468-2667(17)30162-7.

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42

Verschuuren, Marieke, and Hans van Oers. "Population health monitoring: an essential public health field in motion." Bundesgesundheitsblatt - Gesundheitsforschung - Gesundheitsschutz 63, no. 9 (August 28, 2020): 1134–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00103-020-03205-9.

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43

Ibrahim, Michael A., Lucy A. Savitz, Timothy S. Carey, and Edward H. Wagner. "Population-Based Health Principles in Medical and Public Health Practice." Journal of Public Health Management and Practice 7, no. 3 (May 2001): 75–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00124784-200107030-00012.

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44

Honoré, Peggy A. "Aligning Public Health Workforce Competencies with Population Health Improvement Goals." American Journal of Preventive Medicine 47, no. 5 (November 2014): S344—S345. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2014.07.046.

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45

Martin, Jean. "Population growth, resources and health: Challenges for public health professionals." Sozial- und Pr�ventivmedizin SPM 40, no. 5 (September 1995): 270–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01299194.

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46

Kuzior, Aleksandra, Dariusz Krawczyk, Iryna Didenko, Natalia Sidelnyk, and Tetiana Vasylieva. "Interaction between health insurance, household income, and public health financing in Ukraine." Problems and Perspectives in Management 20, no. 4 (December 14, 2022): 436–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ppm.20(4).2022.33.

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The most significant problems in financing the public health system in Ukraine are the permanent deficit of public spending on medicine and the shallow development of the voluntary health insurance market. The aim of study is the search of optimal interactions between stakeholders in the system of relations “state – insurance companies – households” in the context of voluntary health insurance. The study hypothesizes that households can become more active participants in health insurance only if their average monthly income reaches a certain threshold level. It is calculated based on the results of simulation games using the Brown-Robinson iterative method. According to the simulation results, this threshold level is only 7% higher than the actual value of the average monthly income of Ukrainian households during the analysis. At the same time, under this condition, the state in Ukraine will be able to transfer part of the financial burden of compensating healthcare costs to insurance companies. According to the calculations made with the help of the game theory toolkit, with the maximization of insurance payments to the population under health insurance contracts, the burden on public health financing in Ukraine could be reduced by 67.7%. The paper was conducted on the data of the ten most potent insurance companies of Ukraine as of 2021 (it is they who accumulate the lion’s share of household insurance premiums), that is, before the start of a full-scale war between the Russian Federation and Ukraine. The obtained results can be used both by insurance companies during the management of insurance premiums and payments and at the level of state management of costs in the field of public health. AcknowledgmentThis study was undertaken as a part of the research projects granted by the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine: “Socio-economic recovery after COVID-19: modeling the implications for macroeconomic stability, national security and local community resilience” (registration number 0122U000778); “The impact of COVID-19 on the transformation of the system of medical and social security of population: economic, financial-budgetary, institutional-political determinants” (0122U000781).

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47

PARKER, MELISSA, and IAN HARPER. "THE ANTHROPOLOGY OF PUBLIC HEALTH." Journal of Biosocial Science 38, no. 1 (November 23, 2005): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021932005001148.

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The Journal of Biosocial Science regularly publishes papers addressing the social and cultural aspects of disease, sickness and well-being. Most of these papers attempt to understand the prevalence and distribution of disease and sickness within and between populations as well as local responses to biomedical interventions and public health policy more generally. They fall broadly within the remit of human ecology; and they embrace a ‘factorial’ model of disease in which social and cultural factors are deemed to be just one of a number of factors to be considered alongside a range of other factors. These include biological features of the infecting organism; nutritional factors; environmental factors; psychological factors; and genetic factors influencing susceptibility to disease at an individual and population level.

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48

González-Andrade, Fabricio, and Gabriela Aguinaga-Romero. "Essentials public health functions and public health genomics in Ecuador." Research, Society and Development 10, no. 5 (April 25, 2021): e1610514731. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i5.14731.

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Aim: This paper aims to analyze the EPHF in MG in Ecuador as a framework for integrating it into clinical practice. It also aims to contribute to the scientific and social debate on the MG role, considering it the most advanced science field today. Context: the Essentials Public Health Functions (EPHF) are actions for specific purposes necessary to achieve the central objective of Public Health (PH), which is to improve, promote, protect, and restore the population's health through collective action. Medical Genetics (MG) and Genomics are still in construction between public policies, especially in developing countries, and deserve an in-depth approach in this context. Discussion: We understand collective health as an inter-institutional and interdisciplinary social practice, which involves both the State and civil society, aims at protecting and improving people's health. It implies population or community interventions; it includes the responsibility to ensure access and health care quality. Within this practice are the EPHF, defined as actions carried out for specific purposes necessary to achieve the PH Practice's central objective. Each function's operation depends on a sufficient definition of contents, objectives, and activities and on the specific assignment of who is responsible for their execution. Conclusion: The EPHF guides public health policies in Latin America and Ecuador. From this perspective, medical genetics and genomics must be included as a priority in the country's public policy. In this review, we propose the activities to be implemented in this context. This challenge requires political and scientific leadership.

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49

McGarvey, Stephen T. "Population Health." Annals of Human Biology 34, no. 4 (January 2007): 393–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03014460701517157.

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Macran, Susan, Helen Weatherly, and Paul Kind. "Measuring Population Health." Medical Care 41, no. 2 (February 2003): 218–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.mlr.0000044901.57067.19.

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