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Journal articles on the topic 'Public administration – Macedonia'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 March 2023

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1

Cierco, Teresa. "Public administration reform in Macedonia." Communist and Post-Communist Studies 46, no. 4 (October 14, 2013): 481–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.postcomstud.2013.08.002.

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The Western Balkan countries have made important steps in the advancement of democracy. However, public administration remains a field where reforms progress very slowly, due to a combination of reasons, ranging from economic and political to cultural ones. Macedonia is not an exception. This paper analyzes the main reasons for the slow pace of reforms in Macedonia’s public administration sector. The focus on public administration and the state contributes to understanding the priority of establishing a professional, efficient and transparent public administration system in a country in the process of European accession. The main research question is why reforms in Macedonia’s public administration sector have been so difficult to implement.

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2

Georgievski, Saso. "The new Macedonian Concessions and Public-Private Partnerships Act: A Need for Further Improvement?" Lex localis - Journal of Local Self-Government 7, no. 2 (September 8, 2009): 159–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4335/79.

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Public-private partnership was not unknown in Macedonia prior to the adoption of the latest legislation on concessions and PPP in 2007. Many infrastructure and other public interest projects have been developed or tried in the form of concessions mainly at the state level over the past few years. The Concession and Other Forms of Public-Private Partnerships Act marks an important step towards stimulating more intensive use of public-private partnerships, particularly in developing infrastructure and public services at the local self-government level. One has to welcome the introduction of this very concept of the Public-Private Partnerships Act into the Macedonian legal system because it brings this form of financing local development closer to both public and private partners, and it makes the whole process of structuring and awarding PPP projects more transparent and clear. KEY WORDS: • public service delivery • public-private partnership • concession • Macedonia

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3

Dimovski, Ilche. "US INFLUENCE IN THE REPUBLIC OF NORTH MACEDONIA AFTER THE PERIOD OF RENAMING." KNOWLEDGE - International Journal 47, no. 1 (August 16, 2021): 249–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.35120/kij4701249d.

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The complex set of historical and political processes between the countries of the Western Balkans, as well as the absence of the EU from the region, complicates the process of building democratic and political capacities in these countries. The United States has a complex political approach to the Western Balkans, without having an exclusive ally in this part of the region. Although the region does not seem to be at the top of US policy priorities at the moment, the Western Balkans play an important role in its interests, especially when it comes to security issues, which have always been a top priority for the US administration. The public in the Republic of North Macedonia is still emotional about the process of changing the constitutional name, and the Prespa Agreement, although a closed topic for the US administration, at least judging by the last move of President Biden, is still not fully accepted, not only by the population, but also among some experts. Some critics comment on the distrust of the process "vis a vis" the constant blockades of the pre-accession negotiations with the EU, despite the name change, which by the way according to the amendments to the Constitution should be implemented in practice in parallel with the opening of EU negotiation chapters. This begs the questions: What is the US position on North Macedonia's strategic interests? Does and in what way does the United States influence North Macedonia through NATO? What are the benefits and prospects for North Macedonia from NATO membership? The purpose of this paper is to explain the US attitude towards North Macedonia from a geostrategic point of view by applying descriptive analysis. In 2008, after the Greek veto on Macedonia's membership in NATO, a Declaration on Strategic Partnership and Cooperation was signed between the United States and Macedonia, with which the United States guarantees the security of Macedonia, but without meaning a replacement for NATO membership. The Declaration is one of the most important agreements for North Macedonia, which emphasizes, among other things, the strategic commitment of both sides to Macedonia's integration into NATO and the EU, making the United States the only strategic partner and supporter (of the great powers) of Macedonia in its EU and NATO aspirations.Finally, in 2020, through the North Macedonian Embassy in Washington, the instrument for joining the North Atlantic Treaty was deposited, with which North Macedonia officially became a member of NATO.

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4

Pendovska, Vesna, and Aleksandra Maksimovska Veljanovska. "Financing Municipal Utility Activities and Local Public Enterprises by Way of Illustrating the Situation in the Republic of Macedonia." Lex localis - Journal of Local Self-Government 7, no. 2 (September 8, 2009): 141–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4335/78.

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This paper is about the local utility services in the decentralization process in the Republic of Macedonia. Particular emphasis is placed on the legal framework for financing municipal utility services through the decentralization process. Since the utility service tariffs are relatively low, the Macedonian utility companies want to increase their tariffs up to cost recovery levels to achieve higher standards required by the EU Directives. The paper also deals with financial relations between the central and local authorities versus the utility company management and the current state of providing utility services in light of financial issues. It has been found out that there is a huge potential to improve user charges. However, due to the current economic situation and the unwillingness of customers to pay higher fees, this solution cannot be applied for the time being. KEY WORDS: • public service delivery • financing municipal activities • public enterprise • Macedonia

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5

Lyon, Aisling. "Challenges to Municipal Fiscal Autonomy in Macedonia." Publius: The Journal of Federalism 44, no. 4 (August 30, 2013): 633–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/publius/pjt032.

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6

Aleksoska, Lidija. "Macedonia's Challenges on the Road to Building a True Digital Society." Moderna arhivistika 2, no. 2 (May 1, 2019): 228–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.54356/ma/2019/zogs1480.

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The article discusses the Macedonian experience in implementing E-Society, which is a mixed bag of good and bad practices and results. While Macedonia has been fairly successful in certain aspects, like in the introduction of E-Taxes and electronic public procurements, other projects that strive to widen the adoption of E-practices among the youth and the population in general in economically deprived areas, as well as among the country's army of civil servants, have experienced a complete fiasco.

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7

Ashtalkoska-Baloska, Tatijana, and Aleksandra Srbinovska-Doncevsk. "MEASURES FOR PREVENTION OF CORRUPTION IN PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION IN R. MACEDONIA." Knowledge International Journal 28, no. 6 (December 10, 2018): 1919–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.35120/kij28061919t.

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A number of abuses of power and position, daily committed for acquisition of unlawful profit, beyond of permitted and envisaged legal jobs, starting from the lowest level, to the so-called, daily corruption, which most often is related to existential needs and it acts harmless, not even grow into another form, to one that uses such profits as the main motive for generating huge illegal gains for a longer period of time, by exploiting and abusing high social position, corruption in public sector, but today already in private sector too, are part of corruption in the broadest sense, embracing all its forms, those who do not enter in zone of punishment and those who means committing of serious crime. It has many forms, but due to focusing on a particular problem, as a better way to contribute a solution, this paper will focus on the analysis of corruption in the public administration in the Republic of Macedonia, and finding measures for its prevention and reduction, which we hope will give a modest contribution to its real legal protection, not only in declarative efforts in some new strategy for its prevention and suppression.

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8

Siljanovska Davkova, Gordana. "Legal and Institutional Framework of Local Self-Government in the Republic of Macedonia." Lex localis - Journal of Local Self-Government 7, no. 2 (September 8, 2009): 107–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4335/76.

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In general, a comprehensive and well-designed local self-government will significantly improve community management in the Republic of Macedonia. The increased competences and strengthening of the political culture of the population will result in a more active participation of citizens in local processes. An increase in the professional level of the executive and administrative bodies along with improved communication with a civil society will have a positive impact on the quality of municipal management. Decentralized approaches to local development can be a sustainable way to preserve multiculturalism in an ethnically and culturally diverse country. The outcome of the process will depend on the level of public engagement, accountability of local leaders, and transparency of procedures. KEYWORDS: • local self-government • legal framework • municipality • decentralization • Macedonia

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Krliu-Handjiski, Venera, Marjan Bojadjiev, Ana Tomovska-Misoska, Miodraga Stefanovska-Petkovska, Ilijana Petrovska, and Ana Krleska. "Job Diagnostic Survey - Longitudinal Study on the Balkan Countries - Macedonia, Bulgaria and Kosovo." Journal of Management Research 7, no. 4 (June 10, 2015): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jmr.v7i4.7409.

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<p>Effectiveness of the workplace is one of the most contemporary topics in the modern organizations. In era of increased competition and globalization, it is of paramount importance for organizations to increase loyalty and efficiency of their employees, i.e. to increase the motivation of its employees. To motivate the employee and to get maximum output of them is the first key to success of the organization. The second key is to reduce the turnover, especially the voluntarily one. The idea is that turnover is costly to organizations.</p><p>This paper seeks to explore the impact of job design, job enlargement and job enrichment on job satisfaction and motivation with employees from business sector and public administration. Three countries are taken into consideration and compared – Macedonia, Bulgaria and Kosovo, using the Job Diagnostic Survey. The sample includes 285 respondents. The study has been conducted as a start of a longitudinal study of which two datasets from 2010 and 2013 are presented in the paper. Being one of the first studies investigating this topic in the countries in question, this study clarifies the similarities and differences among Balkan countries.</p><p>The findings presented in the paper suggest that the highest result for Motivational Potential Score (MPS) can be observed in the public administration sector in Kosovo (MPS=153.5), followed by Macedonia’s business sector (MPS=133.6) and public administration (MPS=132.4). Lowest MPS score is for the Kosovo’s business sector (MPS=106.7). Bulgaria scores MPS=114.4 and MPS=112.7 in the public administration and privates sector respectively.</p>

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Sejdini, Mirjana Kraja. "An Overview of the Reformed Local Government in Macedonia." Business and Economic Research 6, no. 1 (June 17, 2016): 440. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ber.v6i1.9350.

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<p class="ber"><span lang="EN-GB">Local government in Westerns Balkans has gone through various public administration reforms resulting from the era of New Public Management (NPM) developments that took place in developed countries. However, such reforms have not yet reached their goal of creating more autonomous (especially financially) local government units that would be efficient and effective enough to provide better services to citizens. Macedonia is perceived a country where fiscal decentralisation has not reached its expected outcome reflected mainly in low shares of finances compared to central government finances. This paper aims to elaborate on the reforms that have shaped the management of local government in Macedonia, as well as its financial position. This is an exploratory study of previous writings about decentralization and local government (mainly) in Macedonia. The paper starts with some theoretical background of NPM and decentralisation that have shaped the local government. Then it follows with a review of the public administration reforms, decentralisation process, and local government finances. The paper is expected to contribute modestly in understanding the nature of local government and its finances along the reforms channelled mainly through the decentralization process. </span></p>

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11

Mladenovska, Daniela, and Ilina Dubravac. "Weaknesses regarding occupational health and safety in Macedonian companies." Safety Engineering 11, no. 1 (2021): 31–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/se2101031m.

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The current situation regarding Occupational Health and Safety in Macedonian companies and institutions is not satisfying. Very often these issues are neglected by the management. There is also a lack of transparency in terms of accident reporting. Therefore, Macedonia is far behind the EU average in terms of registered injures at works. This paper deals with some of the most frequent barriers and irregularities in this field, by analyzing the results from the survey conducted among the employees in Macedonian companies and institutions. The participants are divided into 3 groups - public entities and state administration, large companies and small and medium enterprises. The survey outcome indicates that the awareness, transparency as well as investments in this area are still not sufficient. Moreover, there is a lack of skilled and trained professionals in this field, especially in state-owned entities.

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12

Mehmedi, Suzana, and Ilir Mehmedi. "Republic of Macedonia – Reform Priorities in Public Administration for a Pro- European Country." European Journal of Social Sciences Education and Research 11, no. 2 (June 10, 2017): 119. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/ejser.v11i2.p119-123.

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The problem of research is very current for several reasons. Namely, the dominant approach on the basis of which are based all have developed and established theories of European integration, developing modern theories of international relations is a realistic basis. Neo-functionalism, inter-guvernmentalism , neo-liberalism, institutionalism (in most of its variants) as the most developed branches of the theory of European integration, despite differences in their settings to keep the basic premise that states are rational, unitary actors, whose interest stems from the assessment of their position in the system of states. For our study caused a special interest model of constructivism using Habermas theory of communicative action according to which entities in mutual interaction is open to other arguments and their validity appreciate having regard to the outgoing reasons and norms on which they are based, thereby seeking consensus as a common goal. Apply to the European Union, this approach allows European institutions were perceived as a place of discussion to reach consensus on solving common problems, rather than just the arena for bargaining. Functional adaptation to the numerous petitions which sets the European Union , requires thorough and integrated activities in the economic, institutional, administrative and legislative spheres. This process should be understood as a continuous, painstaking and long process, not a single radical surgery. Republic of Macedonia, as countries aspiring for membership in the European family must meet the political and economic criteria and to adapt political institutions in the country with those of the European Union and their needs and requirements. The aim of this paper is to perceive the key features and trends in the politics of enlargement and to make a comparison between the policy of expansion applied in the process of accession Central and Eastern Europe and the policy of expansion in the process of stabilization and association, with special emphasis on the Republic of Macedonia. Of course, previously been necessary to develop theoretical and practical approach to the concept of policy integration, development and its major elements and modalities.

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13

Nuredin, Abdulmecit. "“The public administration reform agenda in Macedonia-three decades of challenges and results”." International Scientific Journal Sui Generis 1, no. 2 (2022): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.55843/sg2212001n.

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14

Berat, David, and Agush Demirovski. "Discrimination Against Roma Employees in the Public Administration in the Republic of North Macedonia." SEEU Review 14, no. 2 (December 1, 2019): 169–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/seeur-2019-0026.

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AbstractThis article is about the rights of the Roma in North Macedonia and the level of discrimination that Roma are facing while employed in the public sector in the Republic of North Macedonia. The aims and objectives of the article are theoretical and practical understanding of the situation of Roma and the violation of their rights through direct and indirect discrimination at work. The data was collected during the period from May-July 2019 via 52 collected questionaries from a total of 70 public servants who were asked to be a part of the research.The article shows new data we have collected from employed Roma as public servants in different institutions in the state. The surveyed public servants were 52 in total, from which 34 are employees with secondary education, 17 are with university education and only 1 has a masters degree.The questionnaire is composed out of 17 questions about the forms of discrimination, feeling or witnesing discrimination at their workplace, who caused the discrimination, witnessing the spread of prejudices and stereotypes about the Roma, rejection of colleagues to share an office with Roma, and who caused the discrimination. One of the results shows that 55% of the surveyed Roma did not have a single training from their employer in the last 12 months and that 69% of those surveyed stated that they felt discrimination in the last 12 months on everyday basis.

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15

Stevanov, Mirjana, Max Krott, Marta Curman, Silvija Krajter Ostoić, and Vladimir Stojanovski. "The (new) role of public forest administration in Western Balkans: examples from Serbia, Croatia, FYR Macedonia, and Republika Srpska." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 48, no. 8 (August 2018): 898–912. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-2017-0395.

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Public forest administrations in the Western Balkans were challenged when facing novel forest policies following the breakup of Yugoslavia in the 1990s. To answer (i) what (formal) goals lead public forest administrations nowadays and (ii) how do public forest administrations fulfil these goals, we evaluated the implementation of forest policy goals in Serbia, Croatia, FYR Macedonia, and Republika Srpska by using existing criteria and indicators and the 3L model as a theoretical basis. Survey and document analyses focused on the effects observable in state and private forests. In state forests, all public or state forest enterprises were able to reach goals of multifunctionality and profitablity by prioritizing marketable goods. Sustaining forest stands is important, but it is met differently in practice. Performance in private forests is much weaker and the influence of ministry departments or sectors is weak. In conclusion, the potential for a new, stronger role of public forest administration exists: (i) the supply of marketable and nonmarketable goods could be increased, whereas securing sustained forest stands remains a permanent challenge; (ii) efficiency and profits could be improved if internal and external pressures grow; and (iii) joining forces of forestry actors could strengthen the currently weak political role and enable a strong forestry representative to emerge in the future.

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16

Trajanoska, Valentina. "Preservation of Archives at the State Archives of the Republic of Macedonia." Moderna arhivistika 1, no. 2 (June 1, 2018): 481–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.54356/ma/2018/inqy9162.

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In this article, the author compares the manner and conditions for storing and preserving archival records in depositories of the current and the former building of the State Archives of the Republic of Macedonia respectively, and discusses the standards that should be applied in the construction of depositories intended for housing, storing and preserving archival records. The State Archives of the Republic of Macedonia applies traditional and electronic archiving with internal computer software. The depository maintains electronic registries of the inventory of entries, registry of fonds, accession records from the holders, receipts from the arrangement and processing.

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17

Mijoska, Marina, Kalina Trenevska Blagoeva, and Borce Trenovski. "DETERMINANTS OF THE CITIZENS USAGE OF ELECTRONIC PUBLIC SERVICES IN THE REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA." Electronic Government, an International Journal 16, no. 1 (2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/eg.2020.10028670.

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18

Blagoeva, Kalina Trenevska, Marina Mijoska, and Borce Trenovski. "Determinants of the citizens' usage of electronic public services in the Republic of Macedonia." Electronic Government, an International Journal 16, no. 4 (2020): 410. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/eg.2020.110610.

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19

Stambolieva, Marija. "Welfare and Democratization - Comparing Croatia, Serbia and Macedonia." Social Policy & Administration 47, no. 2 (February 15, 2013): 142–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/spol.12012.

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20

Tudjarovska, Emilija Gjorgjievska. "The ‘Silent Guardians’ in the Fight against Corruption: The Case of North Macedonia." Central European Public Administration Review 18, no. 1 (April 23, 2020): 165–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.17573/cepar.2020.1.08.

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Impartial public administration is a key gatekeeper against corruptive practices and the necessary condition for the process of democratisation. Yet, in the case of North Macedonia, there is an ongoing challenge in addressing the problem of politicisation of public administration. On one hand, the ombudsman holds the normative position to safeguard citizens in front of state administration bodies, to act upon the impartiality biases or other deviances of norms, and to annually report to the National Parliament. On the other hand, the parliament should be able to hold executives and institutions accountable for their actions and to act upon the ombudsman’s recommendations. However, there is a limited understanding of the role that these two institutions can play in an effective fight against corruption as part of the democratisation processes. The purpose of the article is to examine the institutional gaps where the opportunities for corruption and social traps are encouraged. Based on theoretical, empirical as well as comparative observations, within single case method analysis, this article aims to examine the compliance of the theoretical fingerprints with the actual practice and provide a different angle on the institutional opportunities for social traps, in the context of unconsolidated democracies. The findings show that there is a causality between the institutional ‘silent guardian’ of the citizens and the prevalence of corruption. It also encourages further discussion on the factors that undermine the positions of the ombudsman and the parliament to take active engagement in rooting out the corruption from societies.

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21

Staniševski, Dragan M., and Hugh T. Miller. "The Role of Government in Managing Intercultural Relations." Administration & Society 41, no. 5 (September 2009): 551–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0095399709339012.

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When intercultural tensions flare up, governments typically must engage the conflict one way or another. This article questions the possible role of government in transforming these difficult social–cultural–political conflicts into democratic moments. Three theoretical approaches to democracy compete for status in the realm of multicultural politics: majoritarian, consociational, and deliberative democracy. The multicultural features of these three theoretical models are compared in the context of one divided society, Macedonia, a place where the government has been assigned a new role: to implement a policy regarding multicultural inclusion. Since the so‐called Framework Agreement of 2001 has been in effect, interethnic conflict in Macedonia has not been the overheated political problem it was at the inception of the Agreement, even though cultural groups remain divided, anxieties continue, and policy processes are mostly top–down.

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22

Mehmeti, Ismail, and Gazmend Deda. "ECONOMETRIC EVALUATION OF PUBLIC DEBT ON INFLATION: EVIDENCE FROM KOSOVO AND NORTH MACEDONIA." Journal of Liberty and International Affairs, Institute for Research and European Studies - Bitola 8, no. 3 (2022): 171–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.47305/jlia2283171m.

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23

Sinani, Blerton, and Dane Taleski. "An overview of the judicial control of state executive power." Zbornik radova Pravnog fakulteta u Splitu 56, no. 4 (November 12, 2019): 1013–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.31141/zrpfs.2019.56.134.1013.

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Many analyses and international reports point out that there is a significant lack of judicial control over the state executive power in the Republic of North Macedonia. This article aims to analyze the deficiencies that contribute to the lack of control, and special attention is also devoted to the administrative judiciary as a basic external form of providing judicial control over the legality of the decisions of public authorities and their officials, in order to ensure objective legality, as well as the protection of individual rights of citizens against unlawful administrative acts and actions of public administration. The first part of the article focuses on challenges for judicial control of the executive government. It shows the results of semi-structured interviews conducted with 36 stakeholders such as judges and prosecutors about the limits to judicial control of the executive. The second part focuses on weaknesses and challenges of the administrative judiciary, and makes proposals on how to improve the administrative judiciary as a special type judiciary within the framework of the judicial system of the Republic of North Macedonia. Therefore, it presents a crucial illustration to detect the specific problems and to offer possible solutions.

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Koppitz, David, Milan Půček, František Ochrana, and Michal Plaček. "Comparative Analysis of Selected Factors Affecting Heating Costs of Schools in Selected Balkan Countries." NISPAcee Journal of Public Administration and Policy 8, no. 1 (June 1, 2015): 61–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nispa-2015-0004.

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Abstract The paper aims to carry out a comparative analysis of heating of school facilities under the administration of municipalities in Macedonia, Moldova and Kosovo and to test the factors that affect the heating costs of school facilities. For a definition of the theoretical fundament parts of the theory of fiscal federalism are used. Subsequently five hypotheses are put forward that are verified using the method of benchmarking. The theoretical conclusions and recommendations may be used for a more effective implementation of public policies within the surveyed countries.

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Džankić, Jelena. "Capturing Contested States." Southeastern Europe 42, no. 1 (April 9, 2018): 83–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18763332-04201005.

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This article argues that external state contestation and internal ethnic divisions have resulted in a high degree of state capture in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Macedonia and Montenegro, thus providing structural mechanisms for the reproduction of power of political elites. The article focuses on two dominant forms of state capture – party membership in public administration and the privatization process. First, by examining the extent to which party membership influences the composition of public administration, the article explains the solidification of the link between electoral preferences and job security. Second, by looking at the privatisation of state assets, the article shows how state capture facilitated the elites’ accumulation of private wealth. The latter developed into subsidiary networks for financing political parties, offering resources for corruption, clientelism and patronage that are key to the reproduction of political power in captured states. The article concludes by exploring the implications of the link between state contestation and state capture in the Western Balkan states.

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Nuredini, Bashkim, Jorida Xhafaj, and Vesna Paukovska Dodevska. "A Comparative Overview of Data Protection in e-Commerce in the European Union, the United States of America, the Republic of North Macedonia, and Albania: Models and Specifics." Studia Iuridica Lublinensia 31, no. 3 (September 28, 2022): 61–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.17951/sil.2022.31.3.61-84.

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27

Gerovska Mitev, Maja. "Europeanization of Social Inclusion Policy in Macedonia - Trends, Challenges and Potential Benefits." Social Policy & Administration 47, no. 2 (February 15, 2013): 182–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/spol.12014.

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28

Hosman, Laura. "Policy Considerations from a Nationwide IT-in-Education Initiative: Macedonia Connects." Journal of Information Technology & Politics 7, no. 4 (October 11, 2010): 369–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19331681.2010.489407.

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29

Williams, Colin C., and Ardiana Gashi. "Formal Institutional Failings and Informal Employment: Evidence from the Western Balkans." South East European Journal of Economics and Business 17, no. 2 (December 1, 2022): 83–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jeb-2022-0016.

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Abstract Institutional theory has explained informal employment to result from formal institutional failings. The aim of this paper is to identify the formal institutional failings associated with informal employment so that action can be taken by governments. Using the Tobit model for econometric analysis and reporting conditional and unconditional marginal effects of the 2021 Balkans Business Barometer survey conducted in six Western Balkan economies (Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Kosovo, North Macedonia, Montenegro and Serbia), the contribution of this paper is to reveal that the perceived incidence and share of informal employment is significantly associated with businesses perceiving governance, public integrity and corruption as very negative or negative, the perception that the government does not consider business concerns and business dissatisfaction with public services. However, the perceived incidence and share of informal employment is not significantly associated with the views of business on tax rates and tax administration, or the perceived instability and lack of predictability of government. The theoretical and policy implications are then discussed.

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30

Gr⊘deland, Åse Berit. "Suspiciously Supportive or Suspiciously Obstructive? – The Relationship Between Local Government and NGOs in Bosnia & Herzegovina, Serbia, and Macedonia." International Journal of Public Administration 31, no. 8 (June 27, 2008): 911–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01900690701465970.

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31

Risteska, Marija. "Insiders and Outsiders in the Implementation of the Principle of Just and Equitable Representation of Minority Groups in Public Administration in Macedonia." International Journal of Public Administration 36, no. 1 (January 2013): 26–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01900692.2012.691239.

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32

Taylor, Andrew. "Environmental governance in Croatia and Macedonia: institutional creation and evolution." Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy 33, no. 5 (September 18, 2015): 969–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0263774x15605924.

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33

Dimovska, Mirjana, and Dragan Gjorgjev. "The Effects of COVID-19 Lockdown on Air Quality in Macedonia." Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences 8, T1 (October 26, 2020): 353–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2020.5455.

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BACKGROUND: Faced with the novel coronavirus outbreak (2019-nCoV), various urgent and coordinated actions have been taken worldwide to reduce spread of the disease. Slowing down economic activities, transportation, restrictions of the human public gatherings, and interaction resulted with a tremendous decline in air pollutant concentration especially in nitrogen dioxide, registered by National Aeronautics and Space Administration and European Space Agency satellites. AIM: The aim of the study was to assess the impact of COVID-19 lockdown conditions on the air quality in selected cities in Macedonia. METHODS: Daily mean concentration of the particulate matter (PM10 and PM2.5), nitrogen dioxide, ozone, and carbon monoxide measured in the national air quality monitoring network, was analyzed separately comparing following periods: past week of February 2020 to the end of May 2020 with the same period in 2017–2019. Depending on the data distribution, parametric independent-samples t-test or nonparametric Mann–Whitney U-test was run to determine if there were differences in the pollutants concentration during the COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 period. RESULTS: Implementation of strict restrictions of the movement along with reduced economic activities and vehicular transport, led to notable decrement of air pollutant concentrations. We have found an evident decrease in the concentration levels of all pollutants measured during COVID-19 period in 2020, compared to those from 2017 to 2019 with exceptions for PM2.5 in Kumanovo and carbon monoxide in Skopje (7% and 3% higher concentration). The most notable decrement was for NO2, with a concentration 5–31% lower during COVID-19 period. CONCLUSIONS: Although beneficial to human health, there is a need to assess economic implications of the lockdown that could have a negative impact on the health as well.

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April, Leah. "Creating Inter-governmental Networks in Countries in Democratic Transition: The Case of the Municipal Association of the Republic of Macedonia." International Journal of Public Administration 26, no. 6 (June 2003): 693–710. http://dx.doi.org/10.1081/pad-120019241.

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Alili, Hyrije Abazi, Shenaj Hadzimustafa, Remzije Rakipi, Teuta Veseli Kurtishi, and Blerta Abazi Chaushi. "Perspective of counselling in social services: the case of Republic of North Macedonia." International Journal of Public Sector Performance Management 7, no. 4 (2021): 523. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijpspm.2021.116395.

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Veseli Kurtishi, Teuta, Remzije Rakipi, Blerta Abazi Chaushi, Shenaj Hadzimustafa, and Hyrije Abazi Alili. "Perspective of counselling in social services: the case of Republic of North Macedonia." International Journal of Public Sector Performance Management 7, no. 4 (2021): 523. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijpspm.2021.10039126.

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Sever, Tina, Iztok Rakar, and Polonca Kovač. "Protecting Human Rights Through Fundamental Principles of Administrative Procedures in Eastern Europe." DANUBE: Law and Economics Review 5, no. 4 (February 2, 2015): 249–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/danb-2014-0014.

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Abstract Administrative procedures (APs) are tools to protect fundamental human rights in statecitizen relations. As the modernization of public administration regulation is undergoing a transformation in the direction of reducing detailed rules on APs and, by the same token, emphasizing fundamental or general principles, research on the development and the state of the art of administrative principles in the general administrative procedure acts (APAs) of selected Eastern Europe countries with a common heritage of Austrian law dating back to 1925 (Slovenia, Croatia, Macedonia and the Czech Republic) was carried out. The normative-comparative analysis reveals differences in approaches to and the pace of APAs reform and content; some countries are taking a more radical approach, mainly by following good governance dimensions. Convergence based on Council of Europe and EU initiatives is also evident. Classical guarantees against the misuse of power (principles of legality, equality, proportionality, rights of defense, etc.) are therefore crucial. The most progress seems to have been made by Croatia and the Czech Republic; by focusing on partnerships in administrative-legal relations in the sense of good administration, these two countries have, among other things, set a trend for other countries to follow.

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Stojanovski, Kristefer, Elizabeth J. King, Viktorija Bondikjova, and Antonio Mihajlov. "Non-governmental organizations and the sexual and gender minority community in North Macedonia: narratives about community practice and building." Journal of Community Practice 28, no. 2 (April 2, 2020): 177–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10705422.2020.1757542.

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Risteski, Temelko. "PROTECTION OF FREEDOM AND RIGHTS OF CITIZENS BEFORE THE CONSTITUTIONAL COURT OF THE REPUBLIC OF NORTH MACEDONIA." KNOWLEDGE - International Journal 47, no. 1 (August 16, 2021): 219–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.35120/kij4701219r.

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The paper analyzes the protection of freedoms and human rights before the Constitutional Court of theRepublic of North Macedonia. The constitutional framework of freedoms and rights whose protection is under thejurisdiction of the Constitutional Court of the Republic is contained in the provision of Article 110, line 3 of theConstitution. It is very narrow and covers the following human freedoms and rights: freedom of belief, conscience,thought and public expression of thought, political association and action and the prohibition of discriminationagainst citizens on the grounds of sex, race, religion, national, social and political affiliation. Such a narrowframework of freedoms and rights whose protection may be subject to proceedings before the Constitutional Court isnot in accordance with the provision of Article 50, paragraph 1 of the Constitution according to which “Everycitizen can invoke the protection of freedoms and rights established by the Constitution before the courts and beforethe Constitutional Court of the Republic of North Macedonia in a procedure based on the principles of priority andurgency.” This inconsistency creates confusion in the interpretation and application of the Constitution. Theconfusion has been somewhat removed by Article 51 of the Rules of Procedure of the Constitutional Court, whichaccepts the narrowed constitutional framework. But the Rules of Procedure are bylaws that must be fully based onthe constitutional provisions and derive from them.The second chapter of the paper analyzes the procedure for protection of human rights and freedoms before theConstitutional Court of the Republic. From the analysis of the work of the Constitutional Court in the procedures forprotection of human rights and freedoms, it can be concluded that the citizens do not have much trust in theConstitutional Court. In this regard, there are indications that the Constitutional Court views the work on these casesas a secondary, less important matter. Therefore, he does not pay due attention to them which is opposed to efforts toensure effective protection of human rights in a democratic world.Finally, the third chapter of the paper analyzes the need to introduce a constitutional complaint, ie a lawsuit in thelegal system of the Republic of Northern Macedonia. This chapter points out the division of the expert public in theRepublic regarding the need to introduce this legal remedy in the system of constitutional protection of human rightsand freedoms. A comparative review of this issue is then given by listing the countries in which this remedy hasbeen introduced. After the comparative review, the position of the author regarding the introduction of this legalremedy in the Macedonian legal system is presented. According to the author, the introduction of a constitutionalcomplaint or lawsuit will be a particularly major reform in the protection of human rights in the Republic of NorthMacedonia. Its introduction will significantly contribute to the improvement of the responsibility in the work and thequality of the decisions made by the judges in the regular courts and the officials in the state administration bodies.They, knowing that their decision may finally go to review in the Constitutional Court, will undoubtedly work moreresponsibly and with better quality in conducting proceedings and making decisions.

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Vejseli, Mirlinda, and Ferdi Kamberi. "THE INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION AND COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION IN LOCAL GOVERNANCE: THE CASE OF NORTH MACEDONIA AND KOSOVO." Journal of Liberty and International Affairs, Institute for Research and European Studies - Bitola 7, no. 3 (2021): 72–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.47305/jlia2137072v.

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Ramadani, Veland, Liza Alili Sulejmani, Abdylmenaf Bexheti, and Besnik Fetai. "Does fiscal policy accelerate economic growth in transition economies: the case of Republic of North Macedonia." International Journal of Public Sector Performance Management 7, no. 1 (2021): 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijpspm.2021.10033763.

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Fetai, Besnik, Abdylmenaf Bexheti, Liza Alili Sulejmani, and Veland Ramadani. "Does fiscal policy accelerate economic growth in transition economies: the case of Republic of North Macedonia." International Journal of Public Sector Performance Management 7, no. 1 (2021): 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijpspm.2021.111969.

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Mouzaki, Angeliki, Elli Spyropoulou, Asimina Ralli, Faye Antoniou, Vassiliki Diamanti, and Sophia Papaioannou. "The Dimensionality of Oral Language Ability: Evidence From Young Greek Children." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 63, no. 8 (August 10, 2020): 2732–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2020_jslhr-19-00008.

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Purpose This study investigated component skills in oral language development utilizing and validating a new assessment battery in a large ( N = 800) and representative sample of Greek students 4–7 years of age. Method All participants enrolled in public schools from four geographical regions (Attica, Thessaly, Macedonia, and Crete) that varied demographically (urban, semiurban, and rural). For the individualized language assessments, we utilized mobile devices (tablet PC) to ensure children's interest and joyful participation as well as reliable administration procedures across sites. Results by confirmatory factor analyses specified and validated five different models in each grade to identify the best conceptualization of language dimensionality in the respective age groups. Results Four-dimensional model provided a slightly better discriminant validity in language data of the preschool group. However, in kindergarten and first grades, the five-dimensional model had the best fit to the data to the four-dimensional. Conclusion These findings support the multidimensionality of oral language ability at this phase of development and increase of factor distinctiveness as children grow. Supplemental Material https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.12649214

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NUREDINI, Bashkim, and Ruzhdi MATOSHI. "LEGAL REGULATION OF THE LIMITED LIABILITY COMPANY IN NORTH MACEDONIA, ALBANIA, AND KOSOVO." Balkan Social Science Review 18 (2021): 183–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.46763/bssr2118183n.

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Risteski, Temelko. "THE PRINCIPLE OF RESPONSIBILITY AS THE SUPREME LEGAL PRINCIPLE IN THE WORK OF PUBLIC ORGANS." SCIENCE International Journal 1, no. 1 (December 13, 2022): 33–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.35120/sciencej010133t.

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PURPOSE: The purpose of the research is to prove that the principle of responsibility is the supreme (primary) principle in the work of public organs (ministries, other state administration organs, organizations established by law, other state organs, legal and natural persons to whom, by law, is entrusted to exercise public powers, as well as the organs of the municipalities, the city of Skopje and the municipalities in the city of Skopje). RESEARCH METHODOLOGY: The research used the method of analysis of the provisions of the state constitutions for public administration and human rights; on the laws on public administration and on the procedural provisions that lead public organs, on the international legal acts on human rights and on the relevant literature on the organs of public administration. RESEARCH RESULTS: The research imposed the following basic ideas: Public organs are composed by people. Those people are organized by special acts for the organization and systematization of jobs. These acts are adopted on the basis of special laws that regulate social relations in various areas of social life. In the jobs to which people are assigned, they have precisely prescribed tasks that they are obliged to perform. The duty to perform them entails responsibility for non-performance or for low-quality and untimely performance. A democratic society is a society of responsible individuals and responsible public organs. There are no responsible public organs without responsible individuals. CONCLUSIONS: Public service in public organs is performed by officials. The responsibility of officials is manifested as a three-dimensional social phenomenon. The first dimension covers the responsibility of the official to himself as a person to whom the international legal acts on human rights and the Constitutions of the states guarantee respect and protection of honor, dignity and reputation. The second dimension of responsibility covers the responsibility of the officials, as public servants, in relation to the citizens, as clients. The third dimension of responsibility covers the responsibility of the officials to the public organs in which they works and his responsibility to the public service, as a service to the citizens within the state, as an organized community of citizens. The general conclusion is that the principle of responsibility is the supreme principle, the consistent implementation of which in the work of public organs directly depends on the implementation of other principles in their work. RECOMMENDATIONS: Throughout the process of education and upbringing, one should, first of all, work on developing the autonomous responsibility of officials. In addition to the autonomous responsibility with the activity of the control protection services and institutions of society: the system of internal control in public organs, inspections, internal affairs organs, the State Commission for the Prevention of Corruption, the Commission for Protection against Discrimination, the Ombudsman, prosecutors’ offices and courts should be developed the heteronomous responsibility. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION: The autonomous morality, and thus the autonomous responsibility of public officials, in the public organs of the Republic of North Macedonia, is not at a satisfactory level. To the principle of accountability of public officials is not given enough attention. This is supported by the fact that it is attributed to a very small number of laws, and it is not found in procedural laws. This imposes the need to prescribe this principle in the laws for the regulation of social relations and for the work of public organs in all areas of social life, and this, as the first in order of rank, because the implementation of the other principles in the work of public organs directly depends on its implementation in the work of these organs.

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Kunoviku-Demiri, Filloreta, Qazim Tmava, and Esat A. Durguti. "ANALYZING THE VARIABLES THAT INFLUENCE ACCESS TO BANK FINANCING FOR SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES IN KOSOVO AND NORTH MACEDONIA." Journal of Liberty and International Affairs, Institute for Research and European Studies - Bitola 7, no. 3 (2021): 12–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.47305/jlia2137012kd.

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SERAFIMOVSKA, Eleonora, Marijana MARKOVIKJ, and Tea KONESKA-VASILEVSKA. "THE CHALLENGES OF JOURNALISM IN THE REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC." Balkan Social Science Review 18 (2021): 345–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.46763/bssr2118345s.

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Bahturidze, Zeinab. "PROBLEMS OF IMPLEMENTING THE SOVEREIGNTY OF SMALL BALKAN COUNTRIES ON THE EXAMPLE OF NORTH MACEDONIA." Balkan Social Science Review 16 (2020): 213–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.46763/bssr2016213b.

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PEPELJUGOSKA, Ana, and Angela JANKOSKA. "COPYRIGHT PROTECTION OF PHOTOGRAPHS PUBLISHED ON SOCIAL MEDIA THROUGH THE COURT PRACTICE IN NORTH MACEDONIA." Balkan Social Science Review 19, no. 19 (2022): 7–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.46763/bssr2219007p.

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AZIZI, Abdula, and Lindita NEZIRI-CEKA. "RULE OF LAW IN REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA OVER THE LAST DECADE: EVALUATED BY INTERNATIONAL AUTHORITIES." Balkan Social Science Review, no. 20 (2022): 7–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.46763/bssr2220007a.

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