Relevant bibliographies by topics / Public administration Australia Case studies

Academic literature on the topic 'Public administration Australia Case studies'

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Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Public administration Australia Case studies"

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Newman, Joshua. "Measuring Policy Success: Case Studies from Canada and Australia." Australian Journal of Public Administration 73, no. 2 (June 2014): 192–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-8500.12076.

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Gurr, David, Lawrie Drysdale, and Bill Mulford. "Successful principal leadership: Australian case studies." Journal of Educational Administration 43, no. 6 (December 2005): 539–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09578230510625647.

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Ripoll González, Laura, and Fred Gale. "Place Branding as Participatory Governance? An Interdisciplinary Case Study of Tasmania, Australia." SAGE Open 10, no. 2 (April 2020): 215824402092336. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2158244020923368.

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Research in both public administration and place development has identified a need to develop more participatory approaches to governing cities and regions. Scholars have identified place branding as one of several potential policy instruments to enable more participatory place development. Recently, academics working in diverse disciplines, including political studies, public administration, and regional development have suggested that an alternative, bottom-up, more participatory approach to place branding could be employed. Such an interdisciplinary approach would use iterative communication exchanges within a network of diverse stakeholders including residents to better foster stakeholder participation, contribute to sustainable development, and deliver substantive social justice and increased citizen satisfaction. Building on this research and using an exploratory, qualitative, case-study methodology, our aim was to observe and analyze such interactions and communicative exchanges in practice. Drawing on the experience of the Australian state of Tasmania, we studied stakeholder reactions to the participatory place branding approach. We found that although participants were initially skeptical and identified many barriers to implementing participatory place branding, they simultaneously became excited by its possibilities and able to identify how many of the barriers could be transcended.
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Leaf, Ann, and George Odhiambo. "The deputy principal instructional leadership role and professional learning." Journal of Educational Administration 55, no. 1 (February 6, 2017): 33–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jea-02-2016-0029.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to report on a study examining the perceptions of secondary principals, deputies and teachers, of deputy principal (DP) instructional leadership (IL), as well as deputies’ professional learning (PL) needs. Framed within an interpretivist approach, the specific objectives of this study were: to explore the extent to which DPs are perceived as leaders of learning, to examine the actual responsibilities of these DPs and to explore the PL that support DP roles. Design/methodology/approach The researchers used multiple perspective case studies which included semi-structured interviews and key school document analysis. A thematic content analysis facilitated qualitative descriptions and insights from the perspectives of the principals, DPs and teachers of four high-performing secondary schools in Sydney, Australia. Findings The data revealed that deputies performed a huge range of tasks; all the principals were distributing leadership to their deputies to build leadership capacity and supported their PL in a variety of ways. Across three of the case study schools, most deputies were frequently performing as instructional leaders, improving their school’s performance through distributing leadership, team building and goal setting. Deputy PL was largely dependent on principal mentoring and self-initiated but was often ad hoc. Findings add more validity to the importance of principals building the educational leadership of their deputies. Research limitations/implications This study relied upon responses from four case study schools. Further insight into the key issues discussed may require a longitudinal data that describe perceptions from a substantial number of schools in Australia over time. However, studying only four schools allowed for an in-depth investigation. Practical implications The findings from this study have practical implications for system leaders with responsibilities of framing the deputies’ role as emergent educational leaders rather than as administrators and the need for coherent, integrated, consequential and systematic approaches to DP professional development. Further research is required on the effect of deputy IL on school performance. Originality/value There is a dearth of research-based evidence exploring the range of responsibilities of deputies and perceptions of staff about deputies’ IL role and their PL needs. This is the first published New South Wales, Australian DP study and adds to the growing evidence around perceptions of DPs as instructional leaders by providing an Australian perspective on the phenomenon. The paper raises important concerns about the complexity of the DP’s role on the one hand, and on the other hand, the PL that is perceived to be most appropriate for dealing with this complexity.
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Joseph, R. A. "Technology Parks and Their Contribution to the Development of Technology-Oriented Complexes in Australia." Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy 7, no. 2 (June 1989): 173–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/c070173.

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One of the features that Australia has in common with other countries has been the encouragement of clusters of high-technology firms or technology-oriented complexes (TOCs). In Australia, the primary mechanism for promoting TOCs has been technology parks. In this paper the purpose is to review technology park developments in Australia from a perspective which emphasises some key conceptual features of the literature in this area: Agglomeration economies of high-technology firms and firm–university interaction; the creation of new high-technology complexes; and locational factors which make technology parks attractive to high-technology companies. Three Australian case studies, based on interviews with high-technology firms, are reported. One of the key findings from the research is that if Australian technology parks are aiming to establish TOCs that exhibit a high level of interaction between the park and a host university, then the present situation in Australia is far removed from this goal.
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Abeyaratne, Carmen, Samanta Lalic, J. Simon Bell, and Jenni Ilomäki. "Spontaneously reported adverse drug events related to tapentadol and oxycodone/naloxone in Australia." Therapeutic Advances in Drug Safety 9, no. 4 (March 25, 2018): 197–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2042098618760939.

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Background: The rapid increase in prescribing and use of opioids for noncancer pain has coincided with an increase in opioid-related adverse drug events (ADEs). The objective of our study was to describe ADEs related to tapentadol and oxycodone/naloxone spontaneously reported to the Australian Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA). Methods: Public case detail reports for tapentadol (September 2013–March 2017) and oxycodone/naloxone (April 2011–March 2017) were sourced from the TGA. The total number of public case detail reports for tapentadol were 104 and 249 for oxycodone/naloxone. Demographic characteristics of patients, concomitant medications, causality assessment and outcome were described for each opioid according to the Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities (MedDRA) system organ class. Results: The most prevalent ADEs for tapentadol were nervous system disorders ( n = 52, 50%), psychiatric ( n = 34, 32.7%), gastrointestinal ( n = 18, 17.3%), and general disorders and administration site conditions ( n = 21, 20.2%). Sixteen (23.2%) of 69 nervous system disorders reaction terms were consistent with serotonin syndrome of which 14 (87.5%) involved documented coadministration with another serotonergic medication. The most prevalent ADEs for oxycodone/naloxone were psychiatric disorders ( n = 78, 31.3%), gastrointestinal ( n = 73, 29.3%), general disorders and administration site conditions ( n = 87, 35%), and nervous system disorders ( n = 62, 24.9%). There were 40 (16%) public case detail reports for oxycodone/naloxone with the MedDRA reaction terms ‘drug withdrawal syndrome’ and ‘withdrawal syndrome’. Conclusion: The profiles of spontaneous ADE reports for tapentadol and oxycodone/naloxone are largely consistent with their premarketing randomized controlled studies and profiles of opioids in general. Further research into the risk of serotonin syndrome with tapentadol use is warranted. The ADEs suggest clinicians should be cautious when switching patients to oxycodone/naloxone from other opioids.
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Wilkinson, Jane, Christine Edwards-Groves, Peter Grootenboer, and Stephen Kemmis. "District offices fostering educational change through instructional leadership practices in Australian Catholic secondary schools." Journal of Educational Administration 57, no. 5 (September 9, 2019): 501–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jea-09-2018-0179.

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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine how Catholic district offices support school leaders’ instructional leadership practices at times of major reform.Design/methodology/approachThe paper employs the theory of practice architectures as a lens through which to examine local site-based responses to system-wide reforms in two Australian Catholic secondary schools and their district offices. Data collection for these parallel case studies included semi-structured interviews, focus groups, teaching observations, classroom walkthroughs and coaching conversations.FindingsFindings suggest that in the New South Wales case, arrangements of language and specialist discourses associated with a school improvement agenda were reinforced by district office imperatives. These imperatives made possible new kinds of know-how, ways of working and relating to district office, teachers and students when it came to instructional leading. In the Queensland case, the district office facilitated instructional leadership practices that actively sought and valued practitioners’ input and professional judgment.Research limitations/implicationsThe research focussed on two case studies of district offices supporting school leaders’ instructional leadership practices at times of major reform. The findings are not generalizable.Practical implicationsPractically, the studies suggest that for excellent pedagogical practice to be embedded and sustained over time, district offices need to work with principals to foster communicative spaces that promote explicit dialogue between teachers and leaders’ interpretive categories.Social implicationsThe paper contends that responding to the diversity of secondary school sites requires district office practices that reject a one size fits all formulas. Instead, district offices must foster site-based education development.Originality/valueThe paper adopts a practice theory approach to its study of district support for instructional leader’ practices. A practice approach rejects a one size fits all approach to educational change. Instead, it focusses on understanding how particular practices come to be in specific sites, and what kinds of conditions make their emergence possible. As such, it leads the authors to consider whether and how different practices such as district practices of educational reforming or principals’ instructional leading might be transformed, or conducted otherwise, under other conditions of possibility.
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Lee, Kristenbella AYR, Joanna E. Harnett, Carolina Oi Lam Ung, and Betty Chaar. "Impact of Up-Scheduling Medicines on Pharmacy Personnel, Using Codeine as an Example, with Possible Adaption to Complementary Medicines: A Scoping Review." Pharmacy 8, no. 2 (April 15, 2020): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmacy8020065.

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Within Australia, vitamins, minerals, nutritional supplements, essential oils, and homoeopathic and herbal preparations are collectively termed and regulated as Complementary Medicines (CMs) by the Australian Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA). CMs are predominantly self-selected through a pharmacy, providing pharmacy personnel an opportunity to engage with the public about their CM use. CMs are currently non-scheduled products in Australia. This review aimed to summarize the literature reporting the potential effect on pharmacies if scheduling of CMs was adopted, using codeine as an example. A scoping review methodology was employed. Seven databases were searched to identify four key concepts, including: CMs, scheduling and rescheduling, codeine, and pharmacists. Seven studies were included for analysis. The majority of the literature has explored qualitative studies on the perception and opinion of pharmacists in relation to the up-scheduling of codeine. The case of codeine illustrates the possible impact of up-scheduling. If CMs were to be up-scheduled, the accessibility of CMs would be limited to the pharmacy providing a role for pharmacy personnel, including both pharmacists and pharmacy technicians, to counsel on CM use. However, careful collaboration and consideration on how such a regulatory change would impact other key-stakeholders, including CM practitioners, requires both a strategic and collaborative approach.
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Hedman, Eva-Lotta E., and Matthew J. Gibney. "Introduction." Government and Opposition 43, no. 2 (2008): 139–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1477-7053.2008.00257.x.

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AbstractThis special issue presents scholarly research which, in distinctive ways, explores the intersection of political theory, comparative politics, international relations and the study of forced migration. The outcome of an international workshop hosted by the Refugee Studies Centre at the University of Oxford in May 2007, this volume features individual research trajectories focused on a range of important issues, including asylum and deportation, migration control and regional cooperation, internal displacement and sovereignty, in productive encounters with theory and method. Read together, the scholarly articles collected here also span the traditional divide between ‘North’ and ‘South’, including case studies from Australia, Canada, and Europe, as well as from South Africa, Guatemala, and Malaysia.
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Bolderson, Helen. "Comparing Social Policies: Some Problems of Method and the Case of Social Security Benefits in Australia, Britain and the USA." Journal of Social Policy 17, no. 3 (July 1988): 267–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047279400016810.

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ABSTRACTThe cross-national works of development sociologists and of political scientists have sought to disentangle some of the determinants of welfare, whereas studies in comparative social policy have been mainly evaluative. These have laid themselves open to charges of being, variously, a-theoretical, unsystematic and narrowly focused on the state sector. However, a case is made here for the continuation of such studies with a clear focus on social policy rather than the mixed economy of welfare, using more explicit evaluative criteria and a range of methods. A small comparative study of social security benefit levels in Australia, Britain and the USA is used as an illustration of the potential in this approach and the problems of method involved.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Public administration Australia Case studies"

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Wood, Beverley. "Attitudes toward the elderly : a case study of nursing students' attitudes." Monash University, Faculty of Education, 2001. http://arrow.monash.edu.au/hdl/1959.1/8808.

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Jacobson, Willow Serene Ingraham Patricia W. "Receptivity to change in the public sector: two federal case studies." Related Electronic Resource: Current Research at SU : database of SU dissertations, recent titles available full text, 2003. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/syr/main.

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Groves, Beth Ann. "Real Representation| Case Studies of Forces that Changed Municipal Elections in Select California Cities." Thesis, University of La Verne, 2019. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=13805820.

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Purpose. This research sought to explore the factors that influenced the policy decision to change a city council electoral system from an at-large structure to a by-district structure. The structure of the electoral system impacts representation in that it creates the rules and requirements as to how people are elected and who can vote for them. This study provided context for local government decision making. This context provides decision makers and citizens alike with insight into the degree of influence exerted in the public policy process by internal and external forces.

Theoretical Framework. Three lenses were used: social exchange (Blau, 2017), focusing events (Birkland, 2013; Kingdon, 2003) and Force Field Analysis (Lewin, 1951)) to describe the interaction of theory in explaining the antecedent factors, focusing events, and forces that were present during the local decision-making process.

Methodology. This was a descriptive, multiple case study design. It looked at multiple cities in an effort to identify the driving and restraining forces that led to changing a specific public policy. Specifically, it conducted content analysis and applied Lewin’s force field analysis to public documents in an effort to understand the antecedent factors leading to the change in the structure of the electoral system in select California cities.

Findings/Conclusions. Both driving and restraining forces were evident in the policy process for change. Four categories of forces were identified: social, political, economic and legal. In the case of the change to a By-District Voting system taking place throughout California, the community itself has not necessarily identified a problem in need of a solution. Rather, a lawsuit—or threat of a lawsuit—is the impetus for change—wanted or not. Given that the focusing event for the voting system policy change examined in this research is litigation, most discussion and input takes place behind closed doors with input being from attorneys and city management staff. While this is important in order to create legislative strategy, it does omit input from the citizens who will be impacted by the decisions. Therefore, the question remains, once fully implemented, will the change in the structure of the electoral system bring “better” representation?

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Hoffmann, Terrence Martin, and mikewood@deakin edu au. "Using competencies in human resource management: case studies in Australian companies." Deakin University, 1998. http://tux.lib.deakin.edu.au./adt-VDU/public/adt-VDU20050815.114903.

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This study investigated the use of competencies for human resource management in seven Australian companies. Despite advocacy for the use of competencies by Government Committees and Task Forces (For example Carmichael (1992), Mayer, (1992) and Karpin, 1995), and the existence of competency standards for eighty per cent of the Australian workforce, the competency approach has not been widely adopted. A review of the literature indicated that the term competency had several meanings with different implications for its use depending on the meaning. The study looked at how individuals have defined the term and applied the approach to human resource management practices. Interviews were conducted with Human Resource and Training managers, and operative staff in companies using competencies. How they defined the term, described the rationale for using competencies, and applied competencies to selection, training, performance appraisal and remuneration were determined. Case studies were written for each company to describe their particular application of competencies. Competencies were found to be defined in several ways by those interviewed. Some advantages of using competencies in human resource management applications were found. The amount of work involved in introducing the competency approach was described as a reason why competencies have not been more widely adopted.
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Walker, Beverly C. "An action research study of strategy implementation in a not-for-profit community organisation." Monash University, Dept. of Management, 2004. http://arrow.monash.edu.au/hdl/1959.1/5186.

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Sadleir, Christopher. "On the Frontier : Australia's policy approach to foreign direct investment 1968 - 2004 as a case study in globalisation, national public policy and public administration /." full text via ADT database, 2007. http://erl.canberra.edu.au/public/adt-AUC20080304.145454/index.html.

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Kole, John Kirwa Tum, and jkole2002@yahoo com. "Case Studies Of Overseas Kenyan Students At La Trobe University, Australia: Academic And Related Challenges." La Trobe University. School of Educational Studies, 2007. http://www.lib.latrobe.edu.au./thesis/public/adt-LTU20090130.115451.

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This study involves an exploration of the perceptions of four overseas Kenyan students about their educational experiences at La Trobe University. A related aim of this research is to find out how these four students� previous learning in Kenya affects their learning and living experiences in Australia, for instance, in terms of demands associated with differences in learning and teaching styles, cultural expectations and proficiencies in English. A non-positivist, qualitative methodology is adopted for this research which employs an interview-based case study approach. Qualitative research demands that the world be approached with the assumption that nothing is trivial and that everything has the potential of being a clue which might unlock more comprehensive understanding of what is being researched. While the findings of this study confirm current understandings of the issues that international students commonly face, they also provide a more complex and individualized picture of the needs and aspirations of overseas Kenyan students. As the case studies demonstrate, the academic and related challenges four Kenyan students have encountered at La Trobe University are best understood in relation to several contexts. The difficulties these international students have experienced in the context of transition or border crossing � between two countries, cultures and educational systems � were exacerbated by inadequate pre-departure preparation and orientation on arrival. Incongruities between two educational systems � in particular between their prior teacher-centred schooling in Kenya and the unfamiliar student-centred university education in Australia � colour the academic and related challenges such students struggle to address, at least in their initial year at University. The broader, global context of the commodification and marketization of higher education � along with increasing strains of an under-resourced university sector in Australia � also impinge upon the lives of these four La Trobe students, in a variety of ways.
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Meschoulam, Mauricio. "Values, Perceptions, Conceptions, and Peacebuilding: A Case Study in a Mexico City Neighborhood." ScholarWorks, 2011. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/1083.

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Mexico is not a country at peace. Despite the government's fight to restore stability, violence has erupted since 2006 in several areas of the territory. According to Vygotsky's social constructivism and to Galtung's integral perspective of peace, some elements of peacelessness are informed by values, perceptions, and conceptions about violence and peace. These topics have not been qualitatively investigated in Mexico. The purpose of this case study was to explore the process involving the social construction of values, perceptions, and conceptions in regard to organized criminal violence and peace possibilities in Mexico. Research questions focused on the role of mass media and oral conversations in the social construction of perceptions about the government, criminal organizations, and peace. This study employed semistructured interviews of 15 residents from a neighborhood in a large Mexican city. A purposeful sample stratified by gender, age, and profession, according to the neighborhood demographics, was used. Data from the interviews were coded for patterns using preexisting theory-based categories along with new emerging categories. Findings showed that among these residents, the process of social construction of perceptions was primarily formed through individual experiences and observations, and nurtured by conversations. Social constructors, such as traditional mass media, were much less important. Residents constructed their perception that the basic causes of criminal violence are rooted in the structures of the political and economic system, which, if correctly addressed, would foster peace. This study contributes to positive social change.by informing regional policymakers about the need to design local policies directed towards mediating structural and systemic transformations that are respectful of experiences and needs of citizens.
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Oerlemans-Buma, Ingeborg Karin. "Secondary school students engagement in educational change : critical perspectives on policy enactment." University of Western Australia. Graduate School of Education, 2005. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2005.0076.

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Michael Fullan (1991) commented that little was known about how students viewed educational change, as no one had thought to ask them. By 2004 there was a small but growing literature seeking the views of students on a range of issues associated with schooling. This thesis presents the findings and analysis of a study of students’ perceptions of educational change. Much educational change involves shifts in power and responsibilities between the different actors, such as governments, school administrators, teachers, parents, the community and students. Despite widespread interest in educational change it is usually the macro-level policy elite who exert the most influence, using their power, privilege and status in order to propagate particular versions of schooling; students continue to be the ‘objects’ of policy initiatives, submerged in what Freire referred to as a ‘culture of silence’. Students are frequently excluded as participants in both the process and decision making phases of change. This research was based on exploring the exclusion of students from the processes of change in schools, resulting from a top-down policy initiative by the State department of education in WA, the Local Area Education Planning (LAEP) Framework. How policy is defined and acted on is explored, and the roles students could have, but often do not, are highlighted. An eclectic hybrid conceptual framework drawing on both critical theory and a postmodern policy cycle approach was used to analyse the LAEP Framework policy processes and students’ perceptions of the changes that ensued. The research comprised in-depth case studies of three schools undergoing substantial educational restructuring as the result of the macro-level LAEP Framework policy in the State of WA. Key elements of the policy were school amalgamations, closures and the creation of Middle Schools. Data collection methods included focus group and semi-structured interviews with students from the three schools, as well as document analysis, staff interviews and field notes. The research found that students were very perceptive about educational change, that they were deeply impacted by educational change and that they wanted to participate in restructuring agendas. Several meta-level themes emerged from the students’ ‘voices’, including issues associated with disempowerment, and competing social justice and economic discourses. The findings foreground the often messy and contradictory tensions evident in policy processes. The thesis concluded by developing theory on ways in which students could be included meaningfully as participants in educational change
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Strouble, Bruce Warren Jr. "Racism vs. Social Capital| A Case Study of Two Majority Black Communities." Thesis, Walden University, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3717562.

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Several researchers have identified social capital as a means to improve the social sustainability of communities. While there have been many studies investigating the benefits of social capital in homogeneous White communities, few have examined it in Black homogeneous communities. Also, there has been limited research on the influence of racism on social capital in African American communities. In this dissertation a comparative case study was used within a critical race theory framework. The purpose was to explore the role of racial oppression in shaping social capital in majority African American communities. Data were collected from 2 majority Black communities in Florida. The collected data included reviews of local news reports, voter turnout reports, and community health assessments, along with focus groups and semi structured interviews with a purposive sample of 20 of the communities’ African American residents. Benet’s polarities of democracy model was employed to analyze the relationship between racism and social capital. Analysis included inductive coding followed by pattern matching to identify overarching themes between the selected cases. One key theme was that perceived racial disparity inhibited bridging and linking social capital in the selected communities. Another key theme was that racism created social capital deficiencies and a dysfunctional community culture, which limited the capacity to address collective issues. Social change implications include specific policy recommendations to state and local leaders to increase the participation of Black community members in democratic processes. Additionally, this research has potential to improve understanding of the various ways that racism may affect Black Communities.

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Books on the topic "Public administration Australia Case studies"

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Claire, Mayhew, and Peterson Chris L. 1949-, eds. Occupational health and safety in Australia: Industry, public sector and small business. St Leonards, N.S.W: Allen & Unwin, 1999.

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Austen, Tom. The stranger: Crime and prejudice in Australia. Perth, W.A: St George Books, 1992.

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John, Wanat, ed. Public administration: Scenarios in public management. Englewood Cliffs, N.J: Prentice Hall, 1993.

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Alan, Lawton, and McKevitt David, eds. Case studies in public services management. Oxford, OX, UK: Blackwell Business, 1996.

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Nigerian public maladministration: Case studies. [Zaria, Nigeria: s.n., 1985.

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Case studies in public management and administration. Concord, Ont: Captus Press, 2009.

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Case research in public management. Armonk, N.Y: M.E. Sharpe, Inc., 2010.

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Public administration: Concepts and cases. 9th ed. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Cengage Learning, 2009.

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1972-, Kohler Jennifer, ed. The public administration casebook. Boston: Longman, 2012.

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A, Rocheleau Bruce, ed. Case studies on digital government. Hershey, PA: Idea Group Pub., 2007.

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Book chapters on the topic "Public administration Australia Case studies"

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Eller, Warren S., Brian J. Gerber, and Scott E. Robinson. "Case Studies." In Public Administration Research Methods, 155–72. Second Edition. | New York: Routledge, 2018.: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315163727-10.

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Nguyen, Chinh, Helana Scheepers, Jason Sargent, and Rosemary Stockdale. "Comparative Information Management in Australia and Vietnam: The Case of Gov 2.0." In Global Encyclopedia of Public Administration, Public Policy, and Governance, 1–7. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-31816-5_3490-1.

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Guenduez, Ali A., Tobias Mettler, and Kuno Schedler. "Citizen Participation in Smart Government: A Conceptual Model and Two IoT Case Studies." In Public Administration and Information Technology, 189–209. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-37464-8_9.

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Lynch, Gordon. "‘A Serious Injustice to the Individual’: British Child Migration to Australia as Policy Failure." In UK Child Migration to Australia, 1945-1970, 1–22. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-69728-0_1.

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AbstractThe Introduction sets this book in the wider context of recent studies and public interest in historic child abuse. Noting other international cases of child abuse in the context of public programmes and other institutional contexts, it is argued that children’s suffering usually arose not from an absence of policy and legal protections but a failure to implement these effectively. The assisted migration of unaccompanied children from the United Kingdom to Australia is presented, particularly in the post-war period, as another such example of systemic failures to maintain known standards of child welfare. The focus of the book on policy decisions and administrative systems within the UK Government is explained and the relevance of this study to the historiography of child migration and post-war child welfare is also set out.
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Eaton, Sally. "Library Coordinator, Broome Public Library, Shire of Broome Australia." In Literacy and Reading Programmes for Children and Young People: Case Studies from Around the Globe, 165–73. New York: Apple Academic Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003189275-16.

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Eaton, Sally. "Library Coordinator, Broome Public Library, Shire of Broome Australia." In Literacy and Reading Programmes for Children and Young People: Case Studies from Around the Globe, 165–73. New York: Apple Academic Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003189275-16.

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Urrea-Mariño, Ulsía. "Privatization of the Mexican Coast, the Case of the Municipality of Solidaridad, Quintana Roo from the Perspective of the Public Administration and Everyday Life Practices." In Beach Management Tools - Concepts, Methodologies and Case Studies, 701–18. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-58304-4_35.

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Kenmeni, Munoz Pierre, Hugues Valéry Kouakap, Mesmin Tchindjang, Marie Ngolo Bela, and José Kisito Nkenkeu. "State of the Art on Environmental Management in the Cameroonian Public Administration: The Case Study of the Desk Management Activities in the Ministerial Central Services." In Palgrave Studies of Internationalization in Emerging Markets, 241–73. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-50739-8_11.

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Beger, Paula. "Party Rhetoric and Action Compared: Examining Politicisation and Compliance in the Field of Asylum and Migration Policy in the Czech Republic and Hungary." In Palgrave Studies in European Union Politics, 137–56. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-54674-8_6.

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Abstract Since the European refugee crisis 2015, the rather bureaucratic asylum and migration policy has become a highly politicised issue in ECE countries. The politicisation process started while political parties were involved with the policy. However, many studies have ignored the practice of executives’ and administrations’ action in this domain and knowledge of whether this public anti-EU rhetoric really resulted in non-compliance, therefore, remains limited. This chapter interlinks politicisation and non-compliance research in a comparative case study of Hungary and the Czech Republic. While combining findings of expert interviews, data on party manifestos and infringement procedures, it concludes that the partial politicisation did not lead to broader non-compliance in the Czech case, whereas the governmental-led politicisation in Hungary resulted in non-compliance. This difference is explained by the fact that in Hungary, the asylum-related administration, like other bureaucratic fields, has become increasingly re-politicised during the last decade.
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Holzbecher, Ekkehard, Ahmed Hadidi, Nicolette Volp, Jeroen de Koning, Humaid Al Badi, Ayisha Al Khatri, and Ahmed Al Barwani. "Advanced Tools for Flood Management: An Early Warning System for Arid and Semiarid Regions." In Natural Disaster Science and Mitigation Engineering: DPRI reports, 209–23. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-2904-4_7.

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AbstractTechnologies concerning integrated water resources management, in general, and flood management, in particular, have recently undergone rapid developments. New smart technologies have been implemented in every relevant sector and include hydrological sensors, remote sensing, sensor networks, data integration, hydrodynamic simulation and visualization, decision support and early warning systems as well as the dissemination of information to decision-makers and the public. After providing a rough review of current developments, we demonstrate the operation of an advanced system with a special focus on an early warning system. Two case studies are covered in this chapter: one specific urban case located in the city of Parrametta in Australia in an area that shows similar flood characteristics to those found in arid or semiarid regions and one case regarding the countrywide Flash Flood Guidance System in Oman (OmanFFGS).
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Conference papers on the topic "Public administration Australia Case studies"

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Jatmikowati, Sri Hartini, Chandra Dinata, and Bambang Noorsetya. "Strengthening Public Administration with Good Collaborative Governance (Government and Civil Society Organizations Relation for Development Countries in Decentralization Era: Case Studies in Malang Regency)." In International Conference on Public Administration, Policy and Governance (ICPAPG 2019). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/aebmr.k.200305.197.

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Kamaruddin, Kamaruddin, Eko Prasojo, Amy Yayuk Sri Rahayu, and Lina Miftahul Jannah. "Determinants of Successful Administrative Reform A Case in Indonesian National Institute of Public Administration." In 1st International Conference on Administrative Science, Policy and Governance Studies (ICAS-PGS 2017) and the 2nd International Conference on Business Administration and Policy (ICBAP 2017). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icaspgs-icbap-17.2017.9.

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Hertle, Robert, Thomas Hertle, and Eric Brehm. "Challenges when enhancing the infrastructure – case studies." In IABSE Congress, Ghent 2021: Structural Engineering for Future Societal Needs. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/ghent.2021.1313.

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<p>The fundamental rational of the German way to ensure structural safety and to prevent the society from undue harm is independent design review and execution supervision. This paper will explain both regarding the way in which review and supervision are performed, as well as the qualification needed for the design and supervision review engineer, who acts as a trustee of the public administration. The development of the review and supervision regime and of the underlying set of technical rules and regulations will be addressed by discussing actual and historic case studies. Special emphasis will be put on the interface-problems when different parties are involved and on the necessity of good and reliable coordination mechanisms between the involved parties. As a consequence of the increasing fragmentation of the design process in combination with the use of complex software tools and inevitable time pressure often the integrated design review process is the last line of defence to avoid incidents due to minor lapses or serious misjudgements.</p>
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Mattone, Manuela, and Nadia Frullo. "Preservation and promotion of the cultural heritage through University, public administration, and community engagement." In HERITAGE2022 International Conference on Vernacular Heritage: Culture, People and Sustainability. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica de València, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/heritage2022.2022.15145.

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Universities have long been asked to become promoters of actions aimed at increasing society's general level of well-being through interventions with cultural, social, and educational implications via technology transfer and knowledge sharing. Therefore, a mutual collaboration between different researchers of the Politecnico di Torino and local Public Administrations has been consolidated over the last few years in the context of educational and research activities on the conservation and enhancement of the cultural heritage, focusing on vernacular architecture.To provide a proactive contribution in proposing projects to preserve both the cultural heritage and social and economic development of the territories, a new educational methodology with a direct and mutual collaboration of teachers and students with local communities and policymakers was tested. Its primary purposes are to recognize local identities, identify resources and detractors, and define possible trajectories of sustainable development of case studies. Moreover, the projects propose their conservation and enhancement to improve the inhabitants' life quality and protect the local resources through technically and economically sustainable interventions paying specific attention to vernacular architecture's characters, local traditions, territory's peculiarities, potentialities, and critical issues.The results show the central role of establishing an open engagement of the local community and policymakers in complex and sustainable development projects implicating a mediator such as an architect. Hence, it is necessary to reinterpret the "symbolic" values identified by the territorial studies and to signify them (keying) into a restoration project able to frame how the local community identifies itself (framing) towards a model of a sustainable and compatible development project (modelling) for the future recovery of the sites.The case studies confirmed the pivotal role of the universities in educating the students through a multidisciplinary approach towards the complex systems of cultural heritage, engaging and moderating local community instances and the vision of the policymakers.
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Hariyanti, Dini, and Victor Soeharjoto. "Impact of Monetary Policy on Indonesia's Economic Growth, Case Studies before and during the Covid-19 Pandemic." In Proceedings of the First Lekantara Annual Conference on Public Administration, Literature, Social Sciences, Humanities, and Education, LePALISSHE 2021, August 3, 2021, Malang, Indonesia. EAI, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4108/eai.3-8-2021.2315159.

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Gloria, Chrismatovanie. "Compliance with Complete Filling of Patient's Medical Record at Hospital: A Systematic Review." In The 7th International Conference on Public Health 2020. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.04.29.

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ABSTRACT Background: The health information system, especially medical records in hospitals must be carried out accurately and completely. Medical records are important as evidence for the courts, education, research, and policy makers. This study aimed to investigate the factors affecting the compliance with completeness of filling patient’s medical re­cords at hospitals. Subjects and Methods: A systematic review was conducted by searching from Pro­Quest, Scopus, and National journals using keywords medical records, filling of medical records, and non- compliance filling medical records. The abstracts and full-text arti­cles published between 2014 to 2019 were selected for this review. A total of 62,355 arti­cles were conducted screening of eligibility criteria. The data were reported using PRIS­MA flow chart. Results: Eleven articles consisting of eight articles using observational studies and three articles using experimental studies met the eligible criteria. There were two articles analyzed systematically from the United States and India, two articles reviewed literature from the United States and England, and seven articles were analyzed statis­tically from Indonesia, America, Australia, and Europe. Six articles showed the sig­nificant results of the factors affecting non-compliance on the medical records filling at the Hospitals. Conclusion: Non-compliance with medical record filling was found in the hospitals under study. Health professionals are suggested to fill out the medical record com­pletely. The hos­pital should enforce compliance with complete medical record fill­ing by health professionals. Keywords: medical record, compliance, hospital Correspondence: Chrismatovanie Gloria. Hospital Administration Department, Faculty Of Public Health, Uni­­ver­sitas Indonesia, Depok, West Java. Email: chrismatovaniegloria@gmail.com. Mo­­­­bi­le: +628132116­1896 DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.04.29
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Uzun Kocamış, Tuğçe, and H. Muhammet Kekeç. "The Impact of Electronic Taxation on Tax Auditing: The Case of Turkey." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c08.01911.

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The advances in information and information technology provide companies with both speed and optimal benefit by using the internet intensively for every stage of their commercial activities and for all kinds of transactions. In order to reduce tax losses, it is necessary to utilize information technologies to develop new audit methods and techniques and to follow new practices in the world. It has become compulsory for public institutions to keep pace with the evolving information technology and to form the necessary information infrastructure. E-applications prevent tax evasion and ensure tax incomes of countries not only to increase the quality of public service but also increase the taxpayer's transaction speed. With the transfer of taxpayers to electronic book and electronic document in order to conduct an effective tax audit and to obtain tax revenue studies on the establishment of a structure that is effective, fast working and using computer technologies well in the struggle with the informal economy are carried out by the tax administration. In our work, electronic tax applications and tax audit in Turkey are explained under general headings and the process of transition to electronic tax audit is taken as basis on the basis of applications in the world. As a result, the contribution of computer and internet technology to the effectiveness of tax audit is an unquestionable reality.
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Fatkhurokhman, Moh Andi, and Budi Hidayat. "Preparedness of the Bhakti Wiratantama Army Hospital Semarang in Facing Covid-19." In The 7th International Conference on Public Health 2020. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.04.07.

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ABSTRACT Background: On March 11, 2020, World Health Organization (WHO) established Covid-19 as a pandemic. Coronavirus is one of the large family of viruses that cause illnesses ranging from mild symptoms such as fever, coughing and shortness of breath, some of the case without symptoms. Coronavirus severe symptoms such as pneumonia, acute respiratory syndrome, kidney failure, and even can cause death. Coronavirus is transmitted between animals and humans. The average incubation period is about 6 to14 days. This study aimed to describe the preparedness of the Bhakti Wira Tantama Army Hospital Semarang, Central Java in facing the Covid-19 outbreak. Subjects and Method: A mix method study was conducted at Bhakti Wira Tantama Army Hospital Semarang, Central Java. The process of organizing data in this study began with the literature study of health regulatory and laws in Indonesia. The instrument of this study was based on the Hospital Readiness checklist from WHO guidelines. The other data were collected using in-depth interviews. The data then analyzed descriptively. Results: Bhakti Wira Tantama Hospital was sufficient for a maximum capacity of 48 Covid-19 patients. In details, it showed that communication (87.49%), continuity of essential health services and patient care (100%), surge capacity (57.02%), human resources (56.40%), logistic and management of supplies including pharmaceuticals (51.51%), surveillance early warning and monitoring (100%), essential support services (95.23%), case management (59.88%), infection prevention and control (58.96%), and laboratory services (53.85%). Conclusion: Bhakti Wira Tantama Army Hospital already have a very good level of preparedness in facing the Covid-19 pandemic. Keywords: Covid-19, hospital readiness, world health organization Correspondence: Moh. Andi Fatkhurokhman. Hospital Administration Studies, Faculty of Public Health University of Indonesia, Depok, West Java, Indonesia. Email: andi.sptht@gmail.com. Mobile: 082135806088 DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.04.07
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Hayes, Jan, Lynne Chester, and Dolruedee Kramnaimuang King. "Is Public Safety Impacted by the Multiple Regulatory Regimes for Gas Pipelines and Networks?" In 2018 12th International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2018-78160.

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Gas pipelines and networks are subject to multiple regulatory governance arrangements. One regime is economic regulation which is designed to ensure fair access to gas markets and emulate the price pressures of competition in a sector dominated by a few companies. Another regime is technical regulation which is designed to ensure pipeline system integrity is sufficient for the purposes of public safety, environmental protection and physical security of supply. As was highlighted in analysis of the San Bruno pipeline failure, these two regulatory regimes have substantially different orientations towards expenditure on things such as maintenance and inspection which ultimately impact public safety. Drawing on more than 50 interviews, document review and case studies of specific price determinations, we have investigated the extent to which these two regulatory regimes as enacted in Australia may conflict, and particularly whether economic regulation influences long-term public safety outcomes. We also draw on a comparison with how similar regulatory requirements are enacted in the United Kingdom (UK). Analysis shows that the overall orientation towards risk varies between the two regimes. The technical regulatory regime is a typical goal-setting style of risk governance with an overarching requirement that ‘reasonably practicable’ measures are put in place to minimize risk to the public. In contrast, the incentive-based economic regulatory regime requires that expenditure should be ‘efficient’ to warrant inclusion in the determination of acceptable charges to customers. How safety is considered within this remains an open question. Best practice in performance-based safety regimes such as those used in the UK and Australia require that regulators adopt an attitude towards companies based on the principle of ‘trust but verify’ as, generally speaking, all parties aim for the common goal of no accidents. Equally, in jurisdictions that favor prescriptive safety requirements such as the United States (US) the common goal remains. In contrast, stakeholders in the economic regulatory regime have significantly diverse interests; companies seek to maximize their individual financial returns and regulators seek to exert downward price pressures. We argue that these differences in the two regulatory regimes are significant for the management of public safety risk and conclude that minimizing risk to the public from a major pipeline failure would be better served by the economic regulatory regime’s separate consideration of safety-related from other expenditure and informed by the technical regulator’s view of safety.
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Kurniati, Nurul. "Analysis of Factors and Management of Hepatitis B Virus Screening in Mothers and Infants: A Scoping Review." In The 7th International Conference on Public Health 2020. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.03.67.

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ABSTRACT Background: The importance of screening for HBV infection is to identify the risk of perinatal transmission from infected mothers. People infected with HBV during infancy or childhood are more likely to suffer chronic infection to cirrhosis of the liver and liver cancer. Early detection and prompt treatment are essential for HBV infection. This study aimed to review the factors and management of hepatitis B virus screening in mothers and infants. Subjects and Method: A scoping review method was conducted in eight stages including (1) Identification of study problems; (2) Determining priority problem and study question; (3) Determining framework; (4) Literature searching; (5) Article selec­tion; (6) Critical appraisal; (7) Data extraction; and (8) Mapping. The search included PubMed, ScienceDirect, Wiley Online Library, and Scopus databases. The inclusion criteria were English/ Indonesian-language and full-text articles (scoping review, meta-analysis, systematic review)/ documents/ reports/ policy brief/ guidelines from WHO/ other organizations published between 2009 and 2019. The data were selected by the PRISMA flow chart. Results: The searched database obtained a total of 27.862 articles. After screening, 27.325 articles were excluded because of unmet the inclusion criteria. After conducting critical appraisal for the remaining 537 articles, only 11 articles were eligible for further review. The selected articles obtained from developing countries (China, South Africa, and Tanzania) and developed countries (Netherlands, Japan, Denmark, Northern Europe, and Canada) with quantitative studies design (cross-sectional, case series, and cohort) met the inclusion criteria. The findings emphasized on four main topics around hepatitis B virus screening in mothers and infants, namely demographic factors, risk factors, post-screening benefit, and challenges in screening uptake. Conclusion: Early detection of HBV infection with prenatal screening reduce the HBV prenatal transmission, especially from infected pregnancy. Screening plays an important role in the administration of universal infant HBV vaccination and postexposure prophylaxis with hepatitis B immune globulin (HBIG) at birth. Keywords: pregnant women, hepatitis B virus, perinatal transmission, screening Correspondence: Setianingsih. Universitas ‘Aisyiyah Yogyakarta. Jl. Siliwangi (Ringroad Barat) No. 63, Nogotirto, Gamping, Sleman, Yogyakarta, 55292. Email: nsetia580@gmail.com. Mobile: 082242081295. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.03.67
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Reports on the topic "Public administration Australia Case studies"

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Occhiali, Giovanni, Doris Akol, and Philip M. Kargbo. ICT and Tax Administration in Sub-Saharan Africa: Adopting ITAS in Uganda and Sierra Leone. Institute of Development Studies, October 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ictd.2022.014.

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The adoption of information and communication technologies (ICTs) in the public sector, including for tax administration, has been hailed as potentially transformational over the last few decades. Its impact has been less far-reaching than imagined. A literature examining the determinants of – and obstacles to – ICT adoption arose as a result, almost exclusively focusing on the experience of high-income countries. However, understanding the experience of adoption in low-income countries is equally important, especially given the potential role that ICTs can play in tackling various development issues, including increasing mobilisation of domestic revenue. To help fill this gap, we present two in-depth case studies of the process of adopting an integrated tax administration system (ITAS) in Uganda and Sierra Leone, based on a series of semi-structured interviews with members of the respective revenue authorities and ministries of finance. Our analysis shows that many of the factors that facilitate and impede the adoption process are the same as those identified in high-income countries. However, we also identify some factors that are more likely to be relevant for low-income countries. These include the impact of the timeline for disbursing donor funding, the processes donors require to be used for procurement, and the quality of legacy data to be migrated into the new system. The need to embark on change management and re-engineering business processes was also recognised more fully than might have been expected in countries with relatively little prior experience in e-government services.
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Buchanan, Riley, Daniel Elias, Darren Holden, Daniel Baldino, Martin Drum, and Richard P. Hamilton. The archive hunter: The life and work of Leslie R. Marchant. The University of Notre Dame Australia, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32613/reports/2021.2.

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Professor Leslie R. Marchant was a Western Australian historian of international renown. Richly educated as a child in political philosophy and critical reason, Marchant’s understandings of western political philosophies were deepened in World War Two when serving with an international crew of the merchant navy. After the war’s end, Marchant was appointed as a Protector of Aborigines in Western Australia’s Depart of Native Affairs. His passionate belief in Enlightenment ideals, including the equality of all people, was challenged by his experiences as a Protector. Leaving that role, he commenced his studies at The University of Western Australia where, in 1952, his Honours thesis made an early case that genocide had been committed in the administration of Aboriginal people in Western Australia. In the years that followed, Marchant became an early researcher of modern China and its relationship with the West, and won respect for his archival research of French maritime history in the Asia-Pacific. This work, including the publication of France Australe in 1982, was later recognised with the award of a French knighthood, the Chevalier d’Ordre National du Mèrite, and his election as a fellow to the Royal Geographical Society. In this festschrift, scholars from The University of Notre Dame Australia appraise Marchant’s work in such areas as Aboriginal history and policy, Westminster traditions, political philosophy, Australia and China and French maritime history.
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Rankin, Nicole, Deborah McGregor, Candice Donnelly, Bethany Van Dort, Richard De Abreu Lourenco, Anne Cust, and Emily Stone. Lung cancer screening using low-dose computed tomography for high risk populations: Investigating effectiveness and screening program implementation considerations: An Evidence Check rapid review brokered by the Sax Institute (www.saxinstitute.org.au) for the Cancer Institute NSW. The Sax Institute, October 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.57022/clzt5093.

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Background Lung cancer is the number one cause of cancer death worldwide.(1) It is the fifth most commonly diagnosed cancer in Australia (12,741 cases diagnosed in 2018) and the leading cause of cancer death.(2) The number of years of potential life lost to lung cancer in Australia is estimated to be 58,450, similar to that of colorectal and breast cancer combined.(3) While tobacco control strategies are most effective for disease prevention in the general population, early detection via low dose computed tomography (LDCT) screening in high-risk populations is a viable option for detecting asymptomatic disease in current (13%) and former (24%) Australian smokers.(4) The purpose of this Evidence Check review is to identify and analyse existing and emerging evidence for LDCT lung cancer screening in high-risk individuals to guide future program and policy planning. Evidence Check questions This review aimed to address the following questions: 1. What is the evidence for the effectiveness of lung cancer screening for higher-risk individuals? 2. What is the evidence of potential harms from lung cancer screening for higher-risk individuals? 3. What are the main components of recent major lung cancer screening programs or trials? 4. What is the cost-effectiveness of lung cancer screening programs (include studies of cost–utility)? Summary of methods The authors searched the peer-reviewed literature across three databases (MEDLINE, PsycINFO and Embase) for existing systematic reviews and original studies published between 1 January 2009 and 8 August 2019. Fifteen systematic reviews (of which 8 were contemporary) and 64 original publications met the inclusion criteria set across the four questions. Key findings Question 1: What is the evidence for the effectiveness of lung cancer screening for higher-risk individuals? There is sufficient evidence from systematic reviews and meta-analyses of combined (pooled) data from screening trials (of high-risk individuals) to indicate that LDCT examination is clinically effective in reducing lung cancer mortality. In 2011, the landmark National Lung Cancer Screening Trial (NLST, a large-scale randomised controlled trial [RCT] conducted in the US) reported a 20% (95% CI 6.8% – 26.7%; P=0.004) relative reduction in mortality among long-term heavy smokers over three rounds of annual screening. High-risk eligibility criteria was defined as people aged 55–74 years with a smoking history of ≥30 pack-years (years in which a smoker has consumed 20-plus cigarettes each day) and, for former smokers, ≥30 pack-years and have quit within the past 15 years.(5) All-cause mortality was reduced by 6.7% (95% CI, 1.2% – 13.6%; P=0.02). Initial data from the second landmark RCT, the NEderlands-Leuvens Longkanker Screenings ONderzoek (known as the NELSON trial), have found an even greater reduction of 26% (95% CI, 9% – 41%) in lung cancer mortality, with full trial results yet to be published.(6, 7) Pooled analyses, including several smaller-scale European LDCT screening trials insufficiently powered in their own right, collectively demonstrate a statistically significant reduction in lung cancer mortality (RR 0.82, 95% CI 0.73–0.91).(8) Despite the reduction in all-cause mortality found in the NLST, pooled analyses of seven trials found no statistically significant difference in all-cause mortality (RR 0.95, 95% CI 0.90–1.00).(8) However, cancer-specific mortality is currently the most relevant outcome in cancer screening trials. These seven trials demonstrated a significantly greater proportion of early stage cancers in LDCT groups compared with controls (RR 2.08, 95% CI 1.43–3.03). Thus, when considering results across mortality outcomes and early stage cancers diagnosed, LDCT screening is considered to be clinically effective. Question 2: What is the evidence of potential harms from lung cancer screening for higher-risk individuals? The harms of LDCT lung cancer screening include false positive tests and the consequences of unnecessary invasive follow-up procedures for conditions that are eventually diagnosed as benign. While LDCT screening leads to an increased frequency of invasive procedures, it does not result in greater mortality soon after an invasive procedure (in trial settings when compared with the control arm).(8) Overdiagnosis, exposure to radiation, psychological distress and an impact on quality of life are other known harms. Systematic review evidence indicates the benefits of LDCT screening are likely to outweigh the harms. The potential harms are likely to be reduced as refinements are made to LDCT screening protocols through: i) the application of risk predication models (e.g. the PLCOm2012), which enable a more accurate selection of the high-risk population through the use of specific criteria (beyond age and smoking history); ii) the use of nodule management algorithms (e.g. Lung-RADS, PanCan), which assist in the diagnostic evaluation of screen-detected nodules and cancers (e.g. more precise volumetric assessment of nodules); and, iii) more judicious selection of patients for invasive procedures. Recent evidence suggests a positive LDCT result may transiently increase psychological distress but does not have long-term adverse effects on psychological distress or health-related quality of life (HRQoL). With regards to smoking cessation, there is no evidence to suggest screening participation invokes a false sense of assurance in smokers, nor a reduction in motivation to quit. The NELSON and Danish trials found no difference in smoking cessation rates between LDCT screening and control groups. Higher net cessation rates, compared with general population, suggest those who participate in screening trials may already be motivated to quit. Question 3: What are the main components of recent major lung cancer screening programs or trials? There are no systematic reviews that capture the main components of recent major lung cancer screening trials and programs. We extracted evidence from original studies and clinical guidance documents and organised this into key groups to form a concise set of components for potential implementation of a national lung cancer screening program in Australia: 1. Identifying the high-risk population: recruitment, eligibility, selection and referral 2. Educating the public, people at high risk and healthcare providers; this includes creating awareness of lung cancer, the benefits and harms of LDCT screening, and shared decision-making 3. Components necessary for health services to deliver a screening program: a. Planning phase: e.g. human resources to coordinate the program, electronic data systems that integrate medical records information and link to an established national registry b. Implementation phase: e.g. human and technological resources required to conduct LDCT examinations, interpretation of reports and communication of results to participants c. Monitoring and evaluation phase: e.g. monitoring outcomes across patients, radiological reporting, compliance with established standards and a quality assurance program 4. Data reporting and research, e.g. audit and feedback to multidisciplinary teams, reporting outcomes to enhance international research into LDCT screening 5. Incorporation of smoking cessation interventions, e.g. specific programs designed for LDCT screening or referral to existing community or hospital-based services that deliver cessation interventions. Most original studies are single-institution evaluations that contain descriptive data about the processes required to establish and implement a high-risk population-based screening program. Across all studies there is a consistent message as to the challenges and complexities of establishing LDCT screening programs to attract people at high risk who will receive the greatest benefits from participation. With regards to smoking cessation, evidence from one systematic review indicates the optimal strategy for incorporating smoking cessation interventions into a LDCT screening program is unclear. There is widespread agreement that LDCT screening attendance presents a ‘teachable moment’ for cessation advice, especially among those people who receive a positive scan result. Smoking cessation is an area of significant research investment; for instance, eight US-based clinical trials are now underway that aim to address how best to design and deliver cessation programs within large-scale LDCT screening programs.(9) Question 4: What is the cost-effectiveness of lung cancer screening programs (include studies of cost–utility)? Assessing the value or cost-effectiveness of LDCT screening involves a complex interplay of factors including data on effectiveness and costs, and institutional context. A key input is data about the effectiveness of potential and current screening programs with respect to case detection, and the likely outcomes of treating those cases sooner (in the presence of LDCT screening) as opposed to later (in the absence of LDCT screening). Evidence about the cost-effectiveness of LDCT screening programs has been summarised in two systematic reviews. We identified a further 13 studies—five modelling studies, one discrete choice experiment and seven articles—that used a variety of methods to assess cost-effectiveness. Three modelling studies indicated LDCT screening was cost-effective in the settings of the US and Europe. Two studies—one from Australia and one from New Zealand—reported LDCT screening would not be cost-effective using NLST-like protocols. We anticipate that, following the full publication of the NELSON trial, cost-effectiveness studies will likely be updated with new data that reduce uncertainty about factors that influence modelling outcomes, including the findings of indeterminate nodules. Gaps in the evidence There is a large and accessible body of evidence as to the effectiveness (Q1) and harms (Q2) of LDCT screening for lung cancer. Nevertheless, there are significant gaps in the evidence about the program components that are required to implement an effective LDCT screening program (Q3). Questions about LDCT screening acceptability and feasibility were not explicitly included in the scope. However, as the evidence is based primarily on US programs and UK pilot studies, the relevance to the local setting requires careful consideration. The Queensland Lung Cancer Screening Study provides feasibility data about clinical aspects of LDCT screening but little about program design. The International Lung Screening Trial is still in the recruitment phase and findings are not yet available for inclusion in this Evidence Check. The Australian Population Based Screening Framework was developed to “inform decision-makers on the key issues to be considered when assessing potential screening programs in Australia”.(10) As the Framework is specific to population-based, rather than high-risk, screening programs, there is a lack of clarity about transferability of criteria. However, the Framework criteria do stipulate that a screening program must be acceptable to “important subgroups such as target participants who are from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people, people from disadvantaged groups and people with a disability”.(10) An extensive search of the literature highlighted that there is very little information about the acceptability of LDCT screening to these population groups in Australia. Yet they are part of the high-risk population.(10) There are also considerable gaps in the evidence about the cost-effectiveness of LDCT screening in different settings, including Australia. The evidence base in this area is rapidly evolving and is likely to include new data from the NELSON trial and incorporate data about the costs of targeted- and immuno-therapies as these treatments become more widely available in Australia.
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Australia Awards Global Tracer Facility: Case Study Interview Guides. Australia Awards Global Tracer Facility, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.37517/tracer/27.

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This document contains the guiding questions used by the Australia Awards Global Tracer Facility (GTF) in its case studies. The purpose of the GTF is to enable the Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade (DFAT) to assess the long term development contributions and public diplomacy outcomes of Australia’s investment in Australia Awards. The GTF is designed to provide a strong evidence base to inform DFAT’s management of the Australia Awards.
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Mapping the Public Voice for Development—Natural Language Processing of Social Media Text Data: A Special Supplement of Key Indicators for Asia and the Pacific 2022. Asian Development Bank, August 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.22617/fls220347-3.

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This publication explores how natural language processing (NLP) techniques can be applied to social media text data to map public sentiment and inform development research and policy making. The publication introduces the foundations of natural language analyses and showcases studies that have applied NLP techniques to make progress on the Sustainable Development Goals. It also reviews specific NLP techniques and concepts, supported by two case studies. The first case study analyzes public sentiments on the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in the Philippines while the second case study explores the public debate on climate change in Australia.
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