Journal articles: 'Public administration – Albania'

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Manoku, Elfrida, and Mimoza Kalia. "Marketing in the Tax Administration in Albania." Annals of the Alexandru Ioan Cuza University - Economics 60, no. 1 (July 1, 2013): 67–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/aicue-2013-0007.

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Abstract After the late 1970s the marketing discipline has known a considerable expansion and application not only in private sector but also in public or non-profit sector. Currently the debate is focused on how to better integrate the marketing concept and marketing function into the activities of government organizations as means of increasing the effectiveness of the delivery of public policy and citizens satisfaction. Public marketing is a new concept for the Albanian reality and very slowly is entering into the management approach. The aim of this paper is to evaluate how much is known and accepted the concept of marketing in the Albanian public sector and if this level of acceptance or rejection is reflected in the use of marketing strategies and tactics as instruments of public management. After a critical review of the literature about the last trends and research in this issue, qualitative methods are used through a case study in General Directorate of Taxation in Albania. In depth semi-structured interviews with several senior directors and officers were conducted to see the level of perceptions and practices thorough the major departments of this Institution. From the analysis of data gathered resulted that marketing is mostly equated with public relations function and was considered unnecessary and as a significant consumer of public funds. A number of recommendations are given on how to build an efficient marketing model for the General Directorate of Taxation in order to help increasing efficiency and quality of service to citizens.

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Kume, Andon, and Olta Qejvani. "PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION RECRUITMENT IN ALBANIA IN THE VIEW OF EU STANDARDS." Revue Européenne du Droit Social 53, no. 4 (September 12, 2021): 24–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.53373/reds.2021.53.4.037.

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European integration is a very important process in Albania being accompanied with many requests that asks for implementing the right answers. One of these requests, in order to reach out the European values, is the fair recruitment in public administration Even though, the profile of employees in public administration is strongly related to the inside power of government and national framework, the public administration performance as a whole is a key dimension of being dressed with EU standards. The public administration reform, which started in 2013 is still a prolong process, which keeps improving also the recruitment in public administration. Basically, the most crucial changes are referred to civil service system. This paper aims to: analyze some issues of the approximation level of Albanian legislation towards recruitment according to EU standards; presenting some alternatives on how this process can be improved by strengthening institutional cooperation; giving some practical issues for recruitment in local governance, too.

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Nahzi, Fron. "Viewpoint Leadership lessons for institutional development in Albania and Kosovo: handout versus giving a hand." International Journal of Public Leadership 17, no. 4 (November 10, 2021): 345–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijpl-11-2021-117.

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PurposeThis essay draws on my experience in the democratic development of Albania and Kosovo. These leadership insights are shared in the contemporary context of the changes in the past ten years to the international development landscape in the Western Balkans and Central and Eastern Europe. My professional reflections on leading efforts to establish democratic institutions form the basis of these case studies on Albania and Kosovo. Drawing on these reflections (Schon, 1982) can generate a deeper understanding of the leadership practices that facilitated a successful transition, as well as make explicit the implicit practices in leadership that resulted in less than successful efforts.Design/methodology/approachThe analysis of the democratic development challenges in Albania and Kosovo are based on my experience in managing multi-million dollar nation building programs in both countries.FindingsThe democratic development of Kosovo and Albania illustrate the challenges that most leaders in governments and civil society face working in transitional societies. It should come as no surprise that their respective roles and goals will come into conflict as local leaders fight to hold onto power, while many Western good governance programs promote sharing of power. This conflict is complicated by the question of to whom the NGOs and international organizations are accountable – their donor or the community they are working in?Originality/valueThe analysis is based on personal experience in developing and implementing nation-building programs in Albania and Kosovo.

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Xhindi, Nevila, and Noémia Bessa Vilela. "Central Public Administration Authority at the Regional Level in Albania." Studia Iuridica Lublinensia 31, no. 4 (December 28, 2022): 59–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.17951/sil.2022.31.4.59-74.

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Vuksanlekaj, Kozeta. "The reality confronting the merit principle in the Albanian civil service: a historical comparison going back to the roots." SEER 22, no. 2 (2019): 253–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/1435-2869-2019-2-253.

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There have been many studies that have investigated the history of the meritocratic competitive testing of public officials, with historians of and researchers in administrative science concluding that China was the first country to apply the principle of merit in selecting public officials through open competition. The novelty of the approach set out in this article is to analyse historic facts through the eye of an employee who has significant experience in the public administration of Albania. There have been attempts to introduce the merit principle in Albania, but these have encountered significant difficulties due to the communist traditions of the country and the problems of its 28-year transition to democracy. In exploring the origin story developing in a faraway eastern country, the questions arise as to why China was the first country in the world to apply the principle of merit in selecting public officials and what lessons this has for Albania today. By combining historical and analytical method, analysing the history of meritocratic competitive testing, this article aims to serve the development of public administration in Albania.

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Ibrahimi, Behije, and Alba Dumi. "ECONOMICAL REFORMS IN ALBANIA, WITH EU RECCOMENDATION." Knowledge International Journal 31, no. 1 (June 5, 2019): 157–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.35120/kij3101157i.

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The efficient use of human resources in the public administration, is an important element of the reforms expressed in the concept of “ performance” which means that the administration must go under a system of evaluation of the performance and the reforms do affect the factors that are related to the employees performance. The enforcement of the performance of the government, the improvement of the product, the quality, efficiency and effectively of the public organs, and their programmers, it’s important for us all, as having public services but also as tax p “ Whole”, 1989. It’s important to ensure some terms of the performance evaluation in the context of the reform.Albania is moderately prepared in the reform of its public administration. Efforts continued, resulting in some progress in the efficiency and transparency of public services delivery, training of civil servants, more transparent recruitment procedures, and the overall strengthening of merit-based civil service procedures. Consolidation of these achievements should advance further, to ensure a more efficient, depoliticized, and professional public administration. Albania's judicial system has some level of preparation.The implementation of comprehensive and thorough justice reform has continued, resulting in good progress overall. The reevaluation of all judges and prosecutors (vetting process) has started and is delivering first tangible results. This process has cross-party support, is carried out by an independent authority, is subject to international monitoring and its compatibility with the European Convention on Human Rights has been confirmed by the Venice Commission. Under the aegis of the European Commission, an International Monitoring Operation has been deployed to oversee the process throughout its implementation. Source: 2018 Report on Albania, Brussels 2018

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TOMORRI, Ilir, Remzi KECO, Gentjan MEHMETI, and Shpresim DOMI. "The performance assessment of public sector in Albania." Administratie si Management Public 34 (May 2020): 170–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.24818/amp/2020.34-10.

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Muceku, Hysen, and Teuta Balliu. "The Albanian Taxpayers’ Perception of the Current Tax System and Its Impact on Informal Economy, Tax Evasion and Tax Avoidance." Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences 8, no. 1 (January 26, 2017): 470–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.5901/mjss.2017.v8n1p470.

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Abstract Tax revenues constitute the main source of public expenditure financing. The main problem that the public finances in Albania are facing today is the lack of public revenue to the level that the execution of the public spending requires. This is the result of a still high level of informal economy, tax evasion and tax avoidance. The reforms undertaken by the Albanian governments in the past two decades in order to manage the main factors of the informal economy, tax evasion, and tax avoidance have not had the expected results. Poor performance of the fiscal administration agencies has allowed fiscal policies and strategies approved by governments not to be implemented, thus creating a lot of problems and difficulties with an impact on the reduction of the efficiency of the fiscal system. This paper deals with the perception of the Albanian taxpayer for the current tax system in Albania. It also deals with its impact on the informal economy, tax evasion and tax avoidance. It analyses the main factors affecting the informal economy, tax evasion and tax avoidance, and the perception that Albanian taxpayers have for the current fiscal system. A fiscal system must be effective and perceived as fair in order to encourage voluntary payment of taxes thus bringing increased revenue, reduction of informality, tax evasion and tax avoidance. In order to realize this paper we used questionnaires with focused taxpayers, explaining the techniques of collecting, interpreting and analyzing the data. The paper concludes with the main conclusions of how Albanian taxpayers perceive the current tax system. It also provides recommendations for improving the current fiscal system based on the perception of taxpayers.

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Kraja, Gentiana. "Toward European Integration in Public Administration and Public Services." European Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies 1, no. 2 (August 30, 2015): 134. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/ejis.v1i2.p134-140.

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The main purpose of this paper is to identify the problems associated with public administration, public services and the role public administrator when this process is guided by the principles of the European Union. Integration into the European Union, a long-awaited process and promoted in Albania, will have consequences in the political, economic, social live, and in the governance of this country. Public administration as an important link of the state governance and insight to citizens will certainly be affected by the integration process. The main purpose of this paper is to reflect and analyze how Public Administration works, and what is the heritage regarding Administration procedures and how to place first at the prospect of integration into the European Union. In this paper also aims to give a concise picture associated with public administrator performance and his role in providing public services. The goals of the research will be carried out between theoretical synthesis of the literature, legislation and reports. Main finding of this paper is the theoretical and practical approach about public services and public administration seen also form the European point of view.

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Kraja, Gentiana. "Toward European Integration in Public Administration and Public Services." European Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies 2, no. 1 (August 30, 2015): 134. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/ejis.v2i1.p134-140.

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The main purpose of this paper is to identify the problems associated with public administration, public services and the role public administrator when this process is guided by the principles of the European Union. Integration into the European Union, a long-awaited process and promoted in Albania, will have consequences in the political, economic, social live, and in the governance of this country. Public administration as an important link of the state governance and insight to citizens will certainly be affected by the integration process. The main purpose of this paper is to reflect and analyze how Public Administration works, and what is the heritage regarding Administration procedures and how to place first at the prospect of integration into the European Union. In this paper also aims to give a concise picture associated with public administrator performance and his role in providing public services. The goals of the research will be carried out between theoretical synthesis of the literature, legislation and reports. Main finding of this paper is the theoretical and practical approach about public services and public administration seen also form the European point of view.

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Elbasani, Arolda. "EU Enlargement and State Institutions after Communism ? Reforming Public Administration in Albania." L'Europe en Formation 349 - 350, no. 3 (2008): 119. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/eufor.349.0119.

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Elbasani, Arolda. "Enlargement Instruments and Domestic Constraints: Public Administration Reform in Post-Communist Albania." Comparative Southeast European Studies 57, no. 1 (January 1, 2009): 70–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/soeu-2009-570106.

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Nela, Naim, and David Marshall. "Credit management for rural development: Albania, a special case." Public Administration and Development 19, no. 2 (May 1999): 165–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1099-162x(199905)19:2<165::aid-pad69>3.0.co;2-q.

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Muceku, Hysen, and Kreshnik Bello. "Functioning of Public Internal Audit in Albania." WSEAS TRANSACTIONS ON BUSINESS AND ECONOMICS 18 (July 7, 2021): 1047–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.37394/23207.2021.18.99.

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Internal audit is an important tool in helping senior management of organizations to find the right solutions in meeting the objectives. Through findings and recommendations, auditors provide assurance and advice on the management of internal control systems, risk and governance. The management of public organizations in Albania still has an incomplete conception and a low level of awareness on the role of contemporary internal audit services. This is firstly related to the quality of audit activities, where in significant cases the quality of this service is assessed to be not at the levels required by contemporary standards and practices, and secondly to the lack of recognition and misuse of these services by many administrators of public organizations. The aim of this research is to determine the state of capacity of public administration employees in the field of internal audit, in public organizations in Albania and give the right recommendations for the development of these capacities in order for the internal audit service to become a powerful tool in the hands of managers to achieve their objectives by adding value to the organization. The methodology used for the research has its own dimensions such as: specification of research subjects and sampling, tools used for research, implementation plan, ethical issues, presentation of research findings, etc. The research is based on primary and secondary data collection. The research is based on the testing of the Hypothesis, H0. The practical implications of this paper consist in the fact that: this is an in-depth study of the problems faced by the internal audit activity in public sector organizations in Albania. The conclusions and recommendations given to address these issues will add value to the management of these organizations, by helping managers reconsider their roles and responsibilities in order to strengthen the Internal Control System, and to make it a powerful tool in meeting their objectives. They also serve internal auditors to improve their practical activities. The paper is original, as so far in Albania no other studies with these dimensions have been conducted in this field, and it also has both theoretical and practical value for researchers, internal auditors and managers of the field.

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Haliti, Valdete, Driton Abdullahu, Iva Rinčić, and Amir Muzur. "Bioethics institutionalisation in the Republics of Kosovo and Albania." JAHR 12, no. 2 (2021): 233–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.21860/j.12.2.2.

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The paper tries to briefly present the thorny way of development of bioethics and bioethics institutionalisation in the two countries of South-East Europe – the Republics of Kosovo and Albania – with respect to legal, public-administrative, and societal parameters. Departing from a “European institutionalisation” primer, the article analyses the history and current situations in Kosovo and Albania, taking into account the most prominent individuals and ideas in the domain of bioethics institutionalisation. While Kosovo is missing the ratification of some basic documents (the Oviedo Declaration), Albania has a longer and richer experience in this field, but still lacks the diversity of approach so present and promising in the majority of European countries. Finally, recommendations for bioethical institutionalisation are provided, and the particular role of ethics in the development of public administration in the case of Kosovo is exposed in more detail.

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Banushi, Blerina, Valbona Cinaj, and Artur Ribaj. "The Role of Good Governance in the Performance of a Public Entity (The Case of ARDA)." WSEAS TRANSACTIONS ON ENVIRONMENT AND DEVELOPMENT 17 (July 2, 2021): 636–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.37394/232015.2021.17.62.

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This study aims to provide an overview of central governance in Albania, focusing on farmers' opinion and satisfaction with activity of Agriculture Rural Development Agency (ARDA) in Albania, which is financed by public and EU funds either for financing or credit guarantying the Albanian Farmers. Thus, what is the farmers’ perception for ARDA activity and what would the subsidized farmers like to change or improve on governmental agency service delivery? This is followed by the well-known assumption that citizens rely on personal experiences when they create their own views, which are closely related to their knowledge and understanding of central government performance as a starting point for good governance, and in some cases, they can make central authorities liable for issues that are not under their direct control. For this reason, the main purpose of this research is to evaluate main stakeholders’ perception such as: the employees and high-level officials of ARDA, as service providers, and farmers or entrepreneurs in five districts of Albania as: Tirana, Berat, Fier, Elbasan and Durrës (randomly selected), as beneficiaries of these services. In this context, it is also interesting to find a correlation between their perceptions on performance of public services delivered, in order to increase performance and real welfare. The measurement of the perception of satisfaction was finalized by combining quantitative and qualitative research techniques. The combination of these methods has been used to derive the necessary results and to understand the essential role of good governance in the performance of the public entities in Albania. The results of this study highlight the most prominent problems of ARDA as well as the perception that subsidized farmers, in the above-mentioned districts, have for their opportunities, role and influence on important issues such as transparency, accountability, rule of law and citizen participation. According to the farmers' perception, all the performance indicators of ARDA that have been analyzed in this study are not at the expected level. Therefore, it is concluded that ARDA needs further performance improvement, in order to provide a quality service. Consequently, the understanding of farmers’ perception on central governance, whether true or perceived, is an important part of improving effectiveness and efficiency, providing services and improving accountability of central administration.

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Kume, Vasilika. "Albania: which way forward?" Emerald Emerging Markets Case Studies 5, no. 7 (November 17, 2015): 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eemcs-05-2014-0127.

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Subject area Public sector management, policy-making, sustainable development, post-Communism. Study level/applicability The case is designed to be used with undergraduate-level and MBA/MPA students. With undergraduate levels, the case can be used on the subject strategic management. In MBA/MPA programs, this case can be used in subjects such as strategic planning for public administration. Here, it can be stressed as being about the problems faced by a country on the long road toward democracy. Issues to be discussed in class include: environmental scanning, competitiveness, public policies and strategic agenda. Case overview At the most general level, the case allows for the analysis and evaluation of the strategy and performance of the Albania from 1928 to 2014 along economic, political and social dimensions, using the techniques of country analysis (see Country Analysis Framework, HBS No. 389-080). Depending on time limitations and the particular objectives of the individual instructor, the case can be used to explore all phases of the nation's development or, alternatively, to focus on a specific era, such as Albania, in the way toward a free market economy. The case provides a setting in which to explore the diamond model as a tool for analyzing competitiveness and setting the economic policy agenda. In the Albania case, we highlight diamond analysis in an emerging economy. Albania also highlights the transition from a planned economy to a market economy, and the importance of a cross-border regional integration in competitiveness. Expected learning outcomes The case is written to serve a number of purposes: Understanding the problems and challenges to sustainable development, especially in a post-communist emerging economy like Albania. The transition/changes that all policymakers have to go through in their efforts for sustainable development of the country. To discuss production factors and the importance of a growth model based on the production factors. Supplementary materials Teaching notes are available for educators only. Please contact your library to gain login details or email support@emeraldinsight.com to request teaching notes.

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Saltmarshe, Douglas. "Local government in practice: evidence from two villages in northern Albania." Public Administration and Development 20, no. 4 (2000): 327–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1099-162x(200010)20:4<327::aid-pad127>3.0.co;2-d.

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Guga, Elona. "Local government modernization in Albania." International Journal of Public Sector Management 31, no. 4 (May 14, 2018): 466–506. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijpsm-01-2017-0018.

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Purpose An attempt will be made to shed light on the course and pattern of the decentralization process by analyzing the historical development of local government and the territorial-administrative reform of 2015-2020 in Albania and the factors that have been shaping it. The scope is to understand the impact of the reform elements on the subnational governments and in general their overall impact on the government. The purpose of this paper is to fill the gap in the existing literature for Albania and at offering some insights on the administrative-territorial reform. Furthermore, it will contribute to the current debate on fiscal decentralization in South Eastern European (SEE) countries and the public management model implemented after the last reforms. Design/methodology/approach The first section analyzes the historical development of local government reforms from the 1990s to today and will help to identify if there is instrumentalism advocacy. The second section explains the determinants of the local government’s fiscal autonomy in Albania of the period from 2003 to 2016. Three indicators are used as proxies for fiscal decentralization: the proportion of subnational expenditure over national expenditure, of total subnational revenues over total revenues of central government and the indicator of own subnational revenues over total revenues of the central government. The data from the budget and the revised budgets are then compared. Findings Despite Albania’s commitment to decentralize its government functions, there is still work to do. The territorial and administrative reform has not generated the expected results. Almost 90 percent of the revenues still come from the central government’s unconditional transfers. Therefore, the Albanian Government should build capacities and skills, and train the employees of each level of government that currently benefit from international assistance. Research limitations/implications The analysis represents a single case study on the territorial-administrative reform in Albania. Its implementation started in 2015 and it is probably too early to discuss outcomes. However, it might be useful to analyze the first results after a two-and-a-half-year period of implementation of reforms. Despite contributing to the existing gap in the literature, additional research will be necessary to better understand the decentralization process not only in Albania, but in all SEE countries. Practical implications It is necessary to first understand the lack of initial output, as well as the various challenges faced, in order to take the corrective measures on time. Originality/value This paper discusses in detail the reform adopted and the progress made by the Albanian local government units. The reform attempts to develop better relationships between the central and local governments and hence improve their service delivery, transparency and accountability. This paper is the first one that is attempting to analyze the initial output of the territorial-administrative reform of 2015-2020.

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Miço, Heliona, and Jonida Cungu Cungu. "The Need for Digital Education in the Teaching Profession: A Path Toward Using the European Digital Competence Framework in Albania." IAFOR Journal of Education 10, no. 2 (August 27, 2022): 26–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.22492/ije.10.2.02.

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Digital competence is part of 21st Century skills that allow individual teaching professionals to engage in new and flexible ways of learning. Studies have shown that digital competence improves education and equips the teaching staff with expertise on how to use information, communication, and basic problem-solving. The need for digital competence is clearly evident in the current pandemic situation, where digital technologies have taken a more prominent role in communication and education processes. Beyond the digital competence of educators, proper school infrastructure and curricula are needed during pre-service training to help teachers achieve digital competence. To better understand this need, an online survey was developed to analyze digital education in Albania. The survey was designed to analyze the teaching competence of teachers in pre-service and in-service programs, as well as their schools’ curricula and infrastructure. Results from the questionnaire highlighted a need for the acquisition of digital knowledge for teachers according to different age groups. The results of the study found that difficulties teachers encountered in the acquisition of digital knowledge were not only due to deficiencies in teacher training but also other issues such as lack of infrastructure. The study concludes by recommending that providing digital education should be in line with European and national policy and legislation, as well as with national and international organizations. The paper reports findings assessing the level of preparedness of Albanian educators in regard to digital education and explores opportunities and identifies challenges for coping with enhancing digital development.

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Sokol Bana, Sokol, Sofjana Veliu, and Erjona Bana (Canaj). "The Right of Foreigners to Study and to Research in the Republic of Albania." Studia Iuridica Lublinensia 31, no. 1 (March 29, 2022): 9–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.17951/sil.2022.31.1.9-24.

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Karini, Artan. "Aid-Supported Public Service Reform and Capacity Development in Post-Communist Albania." International Journal of Public Administration 36, no. 7 (June 2013): 469–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01900692.2013.772634.

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SCHROEDER, LARRY. "Unconditional Intergovernmental Transfers to Finance Decentralization in Albania." Public Budgeting & Finance 27, no. 2 (June 2007): 50–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5850.2007.00874.x.

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Dibra, Mirjam, and Dea Strica. "Assessment of public participation in local planning & decision-making. A case study from Albania." Global Journal of Business, Economics and Management: Current Issues 9, no. 2 (June 30, 2019): 84–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.18844/gjbem.v9i2.4414.

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The public participation (PP) is widely legitimised as a vital prerequisite to achieve sustainable development and as a basic principle of democracy. Under the conditions of the new territorial administrative-territorial division of local government units in the Republic of Albania, the Malesia e Madhe (MM) Municipality is a new one. The purpose of this study was the assessment of attitudes of the local community of areas under the administration of MM Municipality on PP in local planning and decision-making in order to influence future behaviours of the local community to take active part in local decision-making processes. The questionnaire was used as a research instrument for the local community of this Municipality. The research results showed that the local community of this area was generally aware of the need for their involvement in local decision-making, but they considered the municipality as the main responsibility for their involvement in this process. Keywords: Albania, local planning & decision-making, Malesia e Madhe Municipality, public participation.

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Cierco, Teresa. "Albania’s Difficult Path towards Democracy." Canadian-American Slavic Studies 48, no. 4 (February 4, 2019): 468–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22102396-04804005.

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AbstractAlbania began the democratic transformation process in 1991 with a heavy post-communist legacy. Since then, it has continued to experience many difficulties in its path towards democracy, especially in relation to two critical issues: respect for the rule of law and corruption. Following the theories of transition, this paper analyses important pillars of the rule of law: horizontal accountability, effective and legitimate institutions of governance, and transparent public administration, in order to understand why it is so difficult to establish the rule of law in Albania. This paper aims to bring to focus Albania’s democratization process by looking at the institutionalization of political society. Based on the assumption that corruption is tied up with the issue of governance, we try to show how endemic corruption in the state apparatus undermines the basis of the rule of law in Albania by eroding state capacity, civil society and legal culture.

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Dobra, Emalita. "Progres of the Public Procurement System in Albania and in the European Union." European Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies 1, no. 2 (April 30, 2016): 72. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/ejms.v1i2.p72-84.

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A proper estimation of the value of the public contracts is of major importance of the contracting authority. First, value of contracts govers the regime of rules under which the proceedings will be conducted. Second the decision of the contracting authority concerning the application of specific procurement procedure depends whether the value of contract is below or above specific threshold. For multi year contracts or contracts with renewal option, the contracting Authority must provide clauses for the revision of prices in accordance with published official inflation. In case of goods the contracts through renting or leasing of these, the estimated value of the public contract shall be based on the monthly rent or fee multiplied by the number of months the contract will last. The contracting Authority is responsible for comparing the above mentioned elements with a cost analyses of the goods, services or works. European Union rules provided in Article 9 of the directive 2004/18/EC of the European Parliament and of the council of 31 March 2004 on the coordination of procedures for the award of public works, supply and services and in contain also more detailed rules concerning methods of estimation of contract value which should be applied in specific case. The priciple of the transparency of public procurement requires that all potential contractors have the same chances to compete for contracts being offeres by public administration. (; public contracts, procurement, goods, proceedings contracting Authority, etc. )

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Spahiu, Artan. "Public Interest Opposite the Freedom of Contractual Will in Administrative Contracts in the Republic of Albania." Academic Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies 6, s2 (July 1, 2017): 37–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ajis-2018-0026.

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Abstract The protection of the public interest is the main principle governing the activity regulation of the administrative bodies. This activity, traditionally, has been developed through administrative acts, as an expression of the unilateral and authoritarian willpower of public authority, which creates legal consequences. The administrative act has been and remains the most important instrument for the administration bodies to accomplish their mission, but it is no longer effective. Particularly this lack of efficiency is noticed in recent years when the development of the economy and the needs of the evergrowing society have prompted the administration to adapt its activity by making use of other mechanisms “borrowed” from private law. An important part of public activity can also be achieved through the contract as a way that brings the state closer to the private, mitigating its dominant position and leaving space for the efficiency of private activity to fulfil public engagements. Such contracts today are known as “administrative contracts” or “public contracts”. The terms mentioned above are instruments that establish legal relations, for the regulation of which the principle of public interest is opposed and competes with the principle of freedom of the contractual willpower. The regulation of these types of contracts is reached through the private law, which constitutes the general normative framework of contracts (lex generalis) even for the administrative contracts. But this general arrangement will have effect for as long as it does not contradict the imperative provisions of the specific act of public law (lex specialis), which regulates the administrative procedure for the completion of these contracts. This paper aims to bring to the spotlight the way our legislation predict and regulates administrative contracts, by emphasising particularly the features of their dualistic nature. The coexistence and competition of the principles of the freedom of contractual willpower and the protection of the public interest, evidenced in administrative contracts, is presented in this paper through the legal analysis of the Albanian legal framework which regulates these contracts. Under the terms when the role of the state in providing public services tends to increase and our legislation aims the harmonization in accord with the European legislation, it is necessary to improve the administrative contract regulation and extend its scope of action.

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Tota, Naim, and Klodjan Skenderaj. "Judgment (Trial) in Absentia According to the Code of Criminal Procedure of the Republic of Albania." Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences 12, no. 4 (July 8, 2021): 144. http://dx.doi.org/10.36941/mjss-2021-0035.

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The judgment in absentia of the defendant is included in the institutes provided in the Code of Criminal Procedure, where in many cases many problems have been encountered in our case law. The judgment in absentia must, on the one hand, guarantee the respect of the fundamental rights of the defendant and, on the other hand, guarantee the public interest in the administration of justice, through the regular exercise of judicial functions. In the Albanian legislation these conflicts of interest have been resolved by the legislator by accepting and becoming part of the Code of Criminal Procedure of 1995 as well as with the amendaments made in 2017, namely, the conduct of the trial in the absence of the defendant. However, this Code also guarantees the defendant the opportunity to review the matter, in cases where he becomes aware of the decision rendered in absentia. The guarantee placed by the legislator in the code of criminal procedure has come precisely because of the practice of the ECHR but also a series of decisions of the Constitutional Court of Albania, which stated that in cases of judgments rendered in absentia, defendants have the right to have their case reviewed. This paper will analyze exactly the provisions of the Albanian criminal procedural law on the conduct of the judgment in absentia, the cases of suspension of the trial for the defendants who do not know effectively about the trial. Received: 2 May 2021 / Accepted: 15 June 2021 / Published: 8 July 2021

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Demi, Albana, Shqipe Xhaferri, Skënder Uku, Shpend Shahini, and Alfons Lushi. "The impact of fiscal policies on Albanian economic growth: The case of value-added tax." Journal of Governance and Regulation 10, no. 4, special issue (2021): 311–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/jgrv10i4siart11.

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This paper aims to give an overview and examine the effects of value-added tax (VAT) income as one of the main elements of fiscal policies on Albanian economic growth GDP (Demi, Hysa, & Nanaj, 2018), for the period 1999–2019, considering also the implementation of VAT legislation rules. The quantitative analysis methods are used in this study based on the wide range of theoretical and practical cases obtained from the literature to figure out the existing link between VAT as the explanatory variable and GDP as the explained variable. Based on empirical testing hypotheses on the importance of econometric models, the statistical information was selected by public institutions in Albania and the data is in the form of time series, often self-correlated from period to period. This feature was considered to avoid the consequences caused by autocorrelation and following the detection, the corrective measures were taken, in order for the statistical inference to be as objective as possible. Finally, this paper argues that VAT rules are considered a very important element for the Albanian economy, and the relevance of this study is to serve policymakers in drafting fiscal policies in the function of economic growth (GDP) in the future.

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Nuredini, Bashkim, Jorida Xhafaj, and Vesna Paukovska Dodevska. "A Comparative Overview of Data Protection in e-Commerce in the European Union, the United States of America, the Republic of North Macedonia, and Albania: Models and Specifics." Studia Iuridica Lublinensia 31, no. 3 (September 28, 2022): 61–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.17951/sil.2022.31.3.61-84.

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Bërdufi, Dorina, and Afrim Krasniqi. "DEMOCRACY STATE AND AUTOCRATIZATION FEATURES IN THE REPUBLIC OF ALBANIA." Journal of Liberty and International Affairs, Institute for Research and European Studies - Bitola 8, no. 3 (2022): 34–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.47305/jlia2283034b.

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Markova, Eugenia, and Richard Black. "The experiences of ‘new’ East European immigrants in the UK labour market." Benefits: A Journal of Poverty and Social Justice 16, no. 1 (February 2008): 19–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.51952/ukmr3134.

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This paper explores the experiences of new European immigrants (from Albania, Bulgaria, Russia, Serbia and Montenegro and Ukraine) in the UK labour market, in relation to their education and training at home, as well as the extent of occupational mobility within the UK. It draws on a survey of nearly 400 new immigrants interviewed in late 2005, and a similar number of long-term residents in Brighton & Hove, Hackney and Harrow. The study does not show signs of heavy competition for jobs between the immigrants and long-term residents. Labour shortages appear to remain, with East Europeans reporting low levels of unemployment and long-term residents reporting little antipathy towards these newcomers.

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Kazinczy, Eszter. "The two distinct systems of socialist Albania and SFR Yugoslavia: A comparative analysis using Kornai's ‘Main Line of Causality'." HISTORY OF ECONOMIC THOUGHT AND POLICY, no. 2 (February 2022): 31–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/spe2021-002002.

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This paper compares two peculiar country cases within the former European socialist bloc: Albania and the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. Based on János Kornai's ‘main line of causality', we compare the two countries' main char-acteristics from the end of the Second World War until the fall of their socialist re-gimes. The goal of the paper is to demonstrate that the two neighbouring countries had similar political and economic intentions following the Second World War; yet despite this fact the analysed countries' development paths gradually diverged. As a result, the two systems differed fundamentally by the 1970s. Analysing the time-period in question is crucial to understand Albania's and the successor Yugoslav states' subsequent economic development.

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Skënderaj, Klodjan, and Naim Tota. "Consequences of the Final Civil Decision in the Criminal Trial Pursuant to the Albanian Legislation." Academic Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies 10, no. 6 (November 5, 2021): 82. http://dx.doi.org/10.36941/ajis-2021-0155.

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Judicial jurisdictions are separated; the criminal court has the jurisdiction to adjudicate charges brought by the prosecution, whereas other jurisdictions are exercised by the civil court and the administrative court. Thus, civil cases or in other words disputes between private entities, such as contractual obligations or inheritance issues, etc., are settled by the civil court, while disputes between individuals and public administration fall within the scope of administrative jurisdiction. Therefore, depending on the type of case, in Albania there are courts with separate judicial jurisdictions. However, in quite a few cases we might face cases where the different judicial jurisdictions are interwoven between them, in other words the consequences of a civil trial can affect the criminal trial. This paper will analyze the legal provisions in Albania, how to act in cases of resolving a case with a final civil decision in relation to facts, which are also being adjudicated in the criminal process. This paper will also analyze the role of the final civil decision in the criminal trial. Domestic court practice will be considered in terms of the impact that a civilly resolved case by a final court decision has on a criminal case. Received: 31 May 2021 / Accepted: 31 September 2021 / Published: 5 November 2021

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Martin, Vesna. "Public Debt Management in Selected Central East Europe Countries." Economic Themes 57, no. 1 (March 1, 2019): 87–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ethemes-2019-0006.

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AbstractPublic debt management represents an important part of public finance in each economy and in most countries is in administrative authority within the Ministry of Finance. The Public Debt Administration is the holder of public debt policy, presenting one of the most important branches of macroeconomic policy and has stabilization and developmental function. The Public Debt Management determines the schedule, scope and currency structure of the security issuance in the domestic and international financial markets and directly affects the level of indebtedness of the country and the level of foreign exchange risk. The main objective of public debt management is to ensure that the government’s financing needs and its payment obligations are met at the lowest possible cost over the medium to long run, consistent with a prudent degree of risk. Adequate public debt management is crucial in view of the severe macroeconomic consequences of non-enforcement of public debt and the potential expansion of instability to other sectors in an economy. All this indicates the need for an adequately setting up current and future public debt management strategy and the development of instruments to reduce borrowing costs and foreign exchange risk levels. The aim of this paper is to present public debt management in selected Central East Europe countries (Serbia, Hungary, Croatia, Albania and Slovenia) and to recommend further improvement of its public debt strategies.

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Williams, Colin C., and Ardiana Gashi. "Formal Institutional Failings and Informal Employment: Evidence from the Western Balkans." South East European Journal of Economics and Business 17, no. 2 (December 1, 2022): 83–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jeb-2022-0016.

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Abstract Institutional theory has explained informal employment to result from formal institutional failings. The aim of this paper is to identify the formal institutional failings associated with informal employment so that action can be taken by governments. Using the Tobit model for econometric analysis and reporting conditional and unconditional marginal effects of the 2021 Balkans Business Barometer survey conducted in six Western Balkan economies (Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Kosovo, North Macedonia, Montenegro and Serbia), the contribution of this paper is to reveal that the perceived incidence and share of informal employment is significantly associated with businesses perceiving governance, public integrity and corruption as very negative or negative, the perception that the government does not consider business concerns and business dissatisfaction with public services. However, the perceived incidence and share of informal employment is not significantly associated with the views of business on tax rates and tax administration, or the perceived instability and lack of predictability of government. The theoretical and policy implications are then discussed.

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Kosho, Joana, and Elda Zotaj. "THE INCLUSION AND EXCLUSION OF CITIZENS IN THE EUROINTEGRATION PROCESS OF ALBANIA." Journal of Liberty and International Affairs Institute for Research and European Studies - Bitola 8, no. 2 (June 15, 2022): 119–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.47305/jlia2282119k.

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Loloçi, Rita, and Alfred Halilaj. "School governance during the pandemic period: A case of Albania." Journal of Governance and Regulation 11, no. 3 (2022): 95–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/jgrv11i3art9.

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The study aims to identify the school principals’ role during the pandemic, and the measures they took to manage school activity in pandemic conditions. The measures taken by school leaders would aim to mitigate the negative effects of the situation, according to Holzer et al. (2021). The context of the study was focused on the protection that school leaders showed for the well-being of their teachers and students. The effectiveness of actions taken by the school principals was measured from the teacher’s perspective through a questionnaire and survey. The method used in the study is quantitative. School leaders, despite difficulties and unexpected events during the pandemic, managed to care for the well-being of staff and students and ensure good management of the educational institutions. The management of the pandemic COVID-19 united the school community around a common goal (Browne, 2020). This study may be interesting for school leaders and teachers because addresses issues about ways that school leaders have cared for the health of teachers and students, how they helped and identified teachers and students at risk by COVID 19, leaders’ knowledge of civil emergency legislation, training, new action plans as well as forms of co-operation with teaching staff, community, etc.

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Shahini, Ledjon, and Arben Malaj. "How can We Measure the VAT Fraud and Evasion? Case of Albania." European Journal of Economics and Business Studies 2, no. 1 (August 30, 2015): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/ejes.v2i1.p40-49.

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Taxation is one of the most important fiscal instruments which in many case is used to recover the economy performance of a country. It is the main budget revenue and its role in decreasing budget deficit is undisputed. The intensity of the instrument efficiency is depended although by the level of tax evasion in the country. At this point, knowing the level of tax evasion from one side is one of the most important topics that fiscal policy could work and from the other side improving the tax administration system is a purpose for public financial stability. The focus of the paper will be only on the value added tax (VAT) as the main tax revenue component in Albania with about 37 % of total tax revenue. In the absence of a comprehensive analysis between VAT that should have been paid by all taxpayers and real VAT collected, the divergence between them could be considered as VAT evasion, or known as VAT gap, which will be our objective measurement. Calculations will be based on the data from the national accounts (Supply-Use Tables), more concretely on the use side of the economy. All the variables of final demand are treated at a very detailed level specifying the VAT ratio by product and the threshold level for each component of final use. Estimations are done for year 2011 as the latest year where the Supply Use Tables are available for Albania.

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Xheneti, Mirela, and John Kitching. "From Discourse to Implementation: Enterprise Policy Development in Postcommunist Albania." Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy 29, no. 6 (December 2011): 1018–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/c10193b.

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Reci, Senada, and Luljeta Zefi. "ALBANIA-GREECE SEA ISSUE THROUGH THE HISTORY FACTS AND THE FUTURE OF CONFLICT RESOLUTION." Journal of Liberty and International Affairs, Institute for Research and European Studies - Bitola 7, no. 3 (2021): 299–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.47305/jlia2137299r.

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42

Gjini, Enkeleda, Mariachiara Carestia, Fabian Cenko, Daniele Di Giovanni, Irsida Mehmeti, Stefania Moramarco, Alban Yulli, and Ersilia Buonomo. "Hesitancy toward Childhood Vaccinations: Preliminary Results from an Albanian Nursing Staff’s Investigation." Nursing Research and Practice 2022 (September 9, 2022): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/7814488.

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Healthcare professionals are important models for their patients since their individual knowledge and attitudes toward vaccination can influence the patient’s willingness to adhere to vaccination campaigns. After developing a structured questionnaire, it was administered to a sample of nursing staff working in public vaccination centers in Albania (December 2020-January 2021), in order to conduct a preliminary investigation aimed at describing knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, and hesitancy toward childhood vaccinations. Among the sample of nurses involved in the administration of vaccines (n.64, 92% females), most of them were confident about vaccines and favorable to childhood vaccinations (90%). However, when specifically investigating beliefs, nearly a quarter of the sample showed to be hesitant; 22% were unsure or partially agreed that vaccines might cause conditions such as autism and multiple sclerosis. A high risk of hesitancy was identified in the youngest staff especially when their work experience was below 10 years or when they graduated less than 10 years before (OR: 5.3, CI: 1.4–19.5; and OR: 4.2 CI: 1.2–14.6). Similarly, a low acceptance rate (54%) was detected for future childhood SARS-CoV-2 vaccines among the nurses, which is a sign of high levels of vaccine hesitancy. With regard to knowledge about childhood vaccine contraindications, none of the nurses identified all the ten correct answers, while only 13% answered at least six questions correctly. These preliminary results highlight the need of investigating more Albanian nursing staff’s knowledge and attitudes toward child vaccinations, therefore investing in tailored training. Due to the ongoing Covid-19 pandemic and the roll-out of mass vaccination, the role of healthcare workers remains crucial and needs more support to manage the changing public opinion as well as quickly evolving vaccine technologies.

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LLESHAJ, Arjana, Dorina KOCI (JANKU), and Llesh LLESHAJ. "The Impact of Tax Control on Tax Revenues: An Aggregate Metric Analysis of the Case of Albania." International Journal of Applied Economics, Finance and Accounting 14, no. 1 (August 25, 2022): 34–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.33094/ijaefa.v14i1.637.

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Tax administration constantly monitors taxpayers through tax control to meet the legal obligations of the tax field. The main purpose of this function is to advise taxpayers and maintain operational control through continuous monitoring. Motivated by the importance of tax control, this paper aims to provide an empirical contribution to the analysis of tax control’s effects on the level of tax revenues. The database obtained in the analysis is both quantitative and qualitative according to the evidence of direct operational controls performed on businesses. The variables analysed are total tax revenues from value added tax (VAT), profit tax, personal income tax (PIT), withholding tax, etc.; tax control variables and macroeconomic variables. The methodology used in this paper is based on linear models with many variables as well as statistical tests to find the potential levels and equilibrium, elasticity and structural estimation of tax revenues. The findings of this paper provide a focused contribution on current issues for tax control policymakers, as well as other public entities, and they make an academic contribution to the legal and economic interpretation of the importance of tax control.

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Kelly, R. "Implementing Property-Tax Reform in Transitional Countries: The Experience of Albania and Poland." Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy 12, no. 3 (September 1994): 319–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/c120319.

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Central and Eastern European countries are undergoing a radical transformation from command to market economics. Although priority has focused on privatisation, these countries have intitiated extensive political and fiscal decentralization. Despite the recent establishment of new local governments, these countries arc struggling to develop rapidly the legislative and administrative foundations related to expenditure and revenue responsibilities, control of state-owned assets, and the relationship between regional and central governments. One remaining obstacle to effective decentralization is the lack of adequate local revenue. Although there is a wide diversity in the structure of local revenue systems, theory and experience indicate that user charges and property taxes traditionally provide the primary base for an effective and stable local revenue system. This paper focuses on the important role which property taxation can play in providing the foundation for stable local revenue systems in the transitional countries. The paper begins with a brief summary of the current international experience with property tax reform. These international lessons are then applied to two transitional countries, namely Poland and Albania.

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NUREDINI, Bashkim, and Ruzhdi MATOSHI. "LEGAL REGULATION OF THE LIMITED LIABILITY COMPANY IN NORTH MACEDONIA, ALBANIA, AND KOSOVO." Balkan Social Science Review 18 (2021): 183–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.46763/bssr2118183n.

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Garunja, Evis. "GENDERIZING OF THE PARTICIPATION RIGHT IN THE DECISION-MAKING PROCESS: THE ELECTORAL QUOTA AND FEMALE LEADERSHIP IN ALBANIA." Journal of Liberty and International Affairs, Institute for Research and European Studies - Bitola 7, no. 2 (2021): 73–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.47305/jlia21720073g.

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Xheneti, Mirela. "Exploring the Role of the Business Support Infrastructure in Albania: The Need for a Rethink?" Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy 23, no. 6 (December 2005): 815–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/c0522.

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Balliu, Teuta, and Aida Gaçe Llozana. "Commonalities and differences of tax systems in West Balkan countries Comparative analysis." European Journal of Social Sciences Education and Research 3, no. 1 (April 30, 2015): 155. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/ejser.v3i1.p155-162.

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Countries of former Yugoslavia and Albania are considered as countries with many common problems as well as changes, which in this context are regarded as insignificant. On their way towards development, these countries are characterized by common problem, among which the most sensitive have been and still remain, unemployment, increasingly compressed public administration, unjustified optimism when planning the budget, mismanagement of public finances and poor fiscal discipline which mostly depends on being or not an election year. In these countries we notice the lack of harmony between economic and fiscal policies and the real needs of the economy. This is seen as other major common ofWest Balkan countries. This similiarity of problems narrows the possibility of competition associated to the foreign investment absorbing capacity. But, which is the moacroeconomic picture in the countries of West Balkan? What are their tax systems? How much are the foreign direct investments? Does the tax system serve as a promoter for these invvestments? This paper represents a comparative analysis of the fiscal systems in the countries of this region. The subject of this paper is the protection with arguments of the economic and fiscal policy which are built for the economic development of a country. This because we are given that there are two types of experiences related to tax system, one of which handles taxes as instruments for revenue collection and the other as a promoter factor for economic development.

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Eralda, Çani. "The status of the Civil Servant and Rules of Ethics in Public Administration efficacy in preserving the integrity of civil servants and preventing corruption: the case of Albania." Academicus International Scientific Journal 4 (July 2011): 81–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.7336/academicus.2011.04.06.

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Hajdini, Bojana, and Gentjan Skara. "THE ROLE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY IN FIGHTING CORRUPTION IN THE JUDICIARY SYSTEM: THE CASE OF 2016 JUDICIAL REFORM IN ALBANIA." Journal of Liberty and International Affairs, Institute for Research and European Studies - Bitola 8, no. 3 (2022): 115–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.47305/jlia2283115h.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Public administration – Albania'

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