Academic literature on the topic 'Public action myth'
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Journal articles on the topic "Public action myth"
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Fryer, Roland G., and Glenn C. Loury. "Affirmative Action and Its Mythology." Journal of Economic Perspectives 19, no. 3 (2005): 147–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/089533005774357888.
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For more than three decades, critics and supporters of affirmative action have fought for the moral high ground through ballot initiatives and lawsuits, in state legislatures, and in varied courts of public opinion. The goal of this paper is to show the clarifying power of economic reasoning to dispel some myths and misconceptions in the racial affirmative action debates. We enumerate seven commonly held (but mistaken) views one often encounters in the folklore about affirmative action (affirmative action may involve goals and timelines, but definitely not quotas, e.g.). Simple economic arguments reveal these seven views to be more myth than fact.
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Papazoglou, Andreas S., Christos Tsagkaris, Dimitrios V. Moysidis, Athanasios Alexiou, and Georgios Vourvoulakis. "The COVID-19 Saga: Myths, Allegories and the Aftermath for Contemporary and Future Practice." Open Public Health Journal 14, no. 1 (2021): 498–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874944502114010498.
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The mythical fight of Heracles against the Hydra presents an allegory to the fight of humanity against the COVID-19 pandemic. The rational interpretation of the myth can help people understand the intricacies of the management of healthcare crises. Combined with this, the myth can also create respect for healthcare workers and inspire individuals to take positive action in the fight against COVID-19. Although myths have been regarded as a threat to public health, mythological elements and allegories can become potent tools of health promotion.
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Rahadini, Astiana Ajeng, and Rahmat Rahmat. "Philosophical meaning of the myth of pregnant and nursing mothers at Dawuhan village, Banyumas." EduLite: Journal of English Education, Literature and Culture 3, no. 2 (2018): 188. http://dx.doi.org/10.30659/e.3.2.188-195.
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Traditional culture underlying a wide range of behavior and deeds of a society and gave birth to a variety of oral literature as well as myth. The myth that developed and still surviving in public life of Java among other myths related to pregnant and nursing mothers. This research is under a descriptively qualitative method supported by field research method along with un-depth interviews in Dawuhan village of Banyumas which is the village where the ancestors of Banyumas was buried. Through field observation and research method of interview to the trusted resource in Dawuhan village was obtained by results of research regarding the myth of pregnant and nursing mothers. This research finds some kinds of myths in relation to recommending and prohibition to perform an action that may harm the fetus, while the myth of breastfeeding mothers mostly prohibition and advice about foods that are consumed by the mother breastfeeding can harm the health of the baby.
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Wargadinata, Ella Lesmanawaty. "Institutional Transformation from Myth to Modern Action: Collaborative Efforts in Preserving Lengkong Lake, Indonesia." Jurnal Antropologi: Isu-Isu Sosial Budaya 26, no. 1 (2024): 110. http://dx.doi.org/10.25077/jantro.v26.n1.p110-117.2024.
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Irrational beliefs such as myths, legends, and taboos play a role in protected area conservation or biodiversity; however, those remain unanswered in their conceptualization and practices. This research aims to reveal how a myth as an ancient institution evolves into a modern institution accepted by today's generation. It uses institutional transformation as an essential guide to reveal the linear transformation from old legend as a traditional institution into a modern multi-actor collaboration—data collection through observation, interviews with purposive informants, and support by secondary data. The result shows that the current Lake conservation covers long run long-institutional evolution: from the legend of the Zamzam water as the starting point, the legalization of the site as a natural conservation area, the strong kinship bond among local peoples, the metamorphosis of myth into public cultural events; to modern Collaborative action on religious tourism management of who, what, and when benefit and responsibility from different actors are shared. The institutional transformation has become a focal point over modernization that is intertwined and plays a significant role in the Lengkong Lake conservation.
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Akhyat Sulkhan, Khumaid. "Mitos Good Influencer dan Politik citra Awkarin dalam Pusaran Demonstrasi Mahasiswa Menolak RKUHP." Jurnal Komunikasi 15, no. 1 (2020): 19–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.20885/komunikasi.vol15.iss1.art2.
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This paper discusses how Awkarin reproduces the myth of good influencers as part of her political image in the student action against the RKUHP on September 24, 2019. With the semiotic method developed by Roland Barthes, the author examines the meaning of denotation and connotation in Awkarin's Instagram photos that record her involvement in the action at Senayan. As a result, the authors found that Awkarin built the image of an influencer who cares about social and political issues and mobilizes all their potential to help the public. However, the myth of the good influencer Awkarin is problematic, because she only involves herself in issues that are popular in society without going into further detail
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Schmukler, Ricardo. "Myths as errors and inventions: the shadow of tradition in pa praxis." International Journal of Organization Theory & Behavior 21, no. 3 (2018): 158–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijotb-04-2018-0044.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to discuss the impossible segregation of founding myths from any actual understanding of life in common, the public good and PA theorizing. The notion of shadow as used by Robert Denhardt to designate the “other side” of rational motives in organizing fits well with the approach to PA myths here intended, in consonance with the theme of unity in apparent opposites and the “intensely meaningful acts of heroes and heroines” (Denhardt, 1981, p. xii). Finally, the questionable opposition between logos and myth will be reviewed along the discussion of the sacred and the secret in PA tradition. Design/methodology/approach The author examines PA myths and discusses conjectures and explanations. Findings PA founding myths are not false believes or illusionary entities but genuine precursors and effective backstage arrangers of theory and praxis. The processes of languaging, musicking and organizing, basic human traits and fundamental events for human life to occur and get structured as it does, cannot prescind from them. Myths are intertwined with reasons and desires, inseparable, coexisting in the unified and pluriversal forms of doing, knowing and valuing that configure human life. Nothing different corresponds to PA and its myths as key components of the processes of thought, action and judgment that constitute the public domain. Originality/value PA myths persist not only through the ages of the administrative state but through the transformations of thoughts also occurred in each theorist’s own life experience. At different times, situations and conditions all of us – the author guess – have addressed this or that PA myth for motives worth deserving the reiterated discussion. It was never the same discussion; it could not have been, it is not, and it will not ever be.
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Polishchuk, O. P. "TOPOS, ETHOS AND AESTHESIS OF NATIONAL-STATE MYTH IN MODERN CULTURE." UKRAINIAN CULTURAL STUDIES, no. 2 (3) (2018): 38–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/ucs.2018.2(3).07.
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The article touches upon the issue of the need to study the phenomenon of “national-state myth” more intensively in the modern conditions of life of the society. The analysis of the national-state myth specifics is carried out not only as a kind of political myth, but firstly as a socio-cultural phenomenon. We assert that among the newest myths, which significantly affect the value orientations and life standards of each society, a special place is occupied exactly by the national-state myth. Such myth is called to form public opinion about the state as representative and defender of key nation’s interests and also culture differences. Such myth becomes especially popular in the crisis conditions of social processes in the state and its relationships with other countries. This myth is created in interests of those social strata, which occupied main positions in the management of the state. It is not necessary for such social strata to be the representatives of main nation in this society and its culture. A basic source of its promotion in society is an influence of mass communications on public consciousness in the process of symbolic production. Ethos of the“national-state myth” phenomenon in modern society is aimed at the formation of pride for nation and its culture, patriotism in the broad strata of society through an addressing to the historical events, special achievements of nation and so on. But interest to such myth and its popularity provide aesthetically beautiful moments during distribution of such social product in a symbolic exchange in modern society and its national culture. The research of the origins and functional features of "national-state myth" is realized, and they are compared to the origins and functional features of the classic, archaic myth. The specificity of these constructs of the ideal spiritual life in modern conditions is investigated, and the role of ethos and aesthesis of the “state’s art mythos” phenomenon is researched too. Also the article analyzes the formal and aesthetic aspects of the content of the information in such myth. To our opinion a modern national-state myth actually is an artistic myth on a form its presentation in facilities of mass communication. He uses facilities and possibilities of human artistic thought. Therefore modern cultural space which tested total influence of such myths appeared as a “place for a game senses and offenses” in the removal of contemporary from reality. We assert that it is liked to be a man not through insufficiency of knowledge, but because many modern people miss. Modern Europeans miss often, but yet presently they are often afraid of changes in their life through a crisis in society. Therefore such myth not only strengthens patriotism of citizens of country. Such myth creates the illusion of stability for them, gives them a confidence in itself and to the state. A modern man presently often has a desire to go from reality from its much by numeral problems in the idealizing world. Such myths give the alarmed people to calm down and enjoy life as spectacle in a theater or a circus. Myth of the “messiah calling of country” is analyzed as an example of state myth. Such myth once created terms, as ideological basis, for the representatives of one nation, to create a strong state. But in modern terms neglect to the people of other nations is drawn. It is therefore needed to mark that such myth becomes in modern terms a basis for the conflicts between different peoples. The question concerns propaganda of national exceptional nature from the side of any totalitarian states. Therefore such a myth creates terms for enmity between different nations and peoples, develops in man contempt to other people. We assert that national character of any modern nation appears in various aspects. E.g., attitude to the past, role of the country in civilization history, national historical myths, address to folk beliefs, ceremonies, and mysticism. Ethos of national-state myth not only speaks to the elements of national character of specific group of people, also causing changes in it. They are not always positive; vice versa such changes through growth of role of state myth for spiritual life of nation are a certificate of deep crisis in this society. The overstatement of the value for history of humanity conduces to inadequate and illusive perception of present life conditions of society. A man as a result of infatuation for such a myth becomes inadequate to estimate itself and other people. For his logic, acts or thoughts change. In fact, this is an a-logic. It is possible to say that under the action of such myth a man loses correct social standards of conduct. It is simply played, and a game is perceives as a real life. Keywords: Myth, ‘National-state Myth’, Ethos of Myth, Aesthesis of Myth, Symbol, Symbolic Production, Symbolic Exchange, Mass communications, Popular Culture.
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Rohova, Olena. "Дискусійні аспекти проблематики правового міфу". Copernicus Political and Legal Studies 1, № 3 (2022): 55–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.15804/cpls.20223.07.
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The axiological aspects of legal myth and mythological perception of reality were analyzed and it was found that several interrelated properties of the studied myth can be identified, which allow to assert the thesis about its own and instrumental value. In particular, the intrinsic (ontological) value of legal myth is manifested in the formation of a certain sign system, which is a reflection of legal reality in the minds of man (or society). Mythological perception of reality, in our opinion, is authorial, selective, to some extent biased. Instead, the instrumental value of legal myth is observed in the processes of human cognition of the world and legal reality, in the process of identification and self-identification of man. In particular, the legal myth is not just a means of knowing and identifying the phenomena of legal reality, but serves as a reliable apologist for the value and moral choice of man and his behavior, such a sign system that has a certain „indulgence” for any human action (inaction). The instrumental value of the legal myth is not limited to the framework of the epistemological process, the tasks of observation and cognition, but has a powerful potential for influence and transformation of legal reality. Awareness of this potential of the legal myth opens a wide space for its application in order to root in the legal consciousness of man and, ultimately, society as a whole, the relevant legal (or anti-legal) values. The principles of interaction of the legal myth and the modern state are determined. Any legal myth seeks to spread, social support, wider recognition, in the most ambitious end – official recognition and legitimacy, which is impossible without a strong state function. The legitimation of the legal myth occurs through its spread in society, receiving social support and rooting first in the legal consciousness of individuals, and gradually – in the public legal consciousness. It can be argued that legal myths permeate all levels of legal reality of the modern state, from legal consciousness (man and society), and ending with the processes of lawmaking, law enforcement, interpretation.
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Rothstein, Richard. "The myth of de facto segregation." Phi Delta Kappan 100, no. 5 (2019): 35–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0031721719827543.
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Today, our schools are more racially segregated than at any time in the last 40 years, mainly because the neighborhoods in which they are located are themselves racially segregated. Yet, the U.S. Supreme Court, in its 2007 Parents Involved ruling, prohibited school districts from implementing even modest race-conscious desegregation plans. If people of differing races live in different neighborhoods, the Court found, it is because of de facto segregation (e.g., private individuals’ choices about where to live), which the government has no power to remedy. But in fact, argues Richard Rothstein, residential segregation can be traced back to specific decisions made by public officials at the local, state, and federal levels. De facto segregation is a myth, and there’s no reason why the government shouldn’t take action to integrate schools in segregated neighborhoods.
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Massari, Alice. "Hollywood and the Myth of Criminal Convergence. The Case of Sicario: Day of the Soldado." Public Anthropologist 3, no. 1 (2021): 73–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/25891715-03010010.
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Abstract Narratives of drug cartels progressively assuming control of migration routes by smuggling and trafficking migrants and Islamic terrorists across borders is not only common in academic accounts and international organizations’ reports. It is also emerging in popular culture. This article sheds light on how the myth of criminal convergence can be created and conveyed to the public through crime-action films. I look at one of the most important places for mythmaking of any kind: Hollywood. Based on a visual social semiotic analysis of the film Sicario: Day of the Soldado, this article will show how the myth of convergence is conveyed throughout it, and what its implications are. It will argue that the rhetoric of criminal convergence fuels a simplistic account of the existence of a battle between good (law enforcement) and evil (criminals working on all sorts of interconnected cross-border crimes), thereby legitimizing every action in the fight against crime.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Public action myth"
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Gauthier, Yannick. "En finir avec le mythe de la « démocratie participative » ? : jeux d’échelles autour de la fabrique des conseils citoyens, un dispositif en train de se (dé)faire (2014-2024)." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024ULILD025.
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En dépit d’un consensus partagé sur l’échec des politiques de « démocratie participative », les pouvoirs publics reproduisent systématiquement l’« offre publique de participation ». En faisant varier les échelles d’observation autour de la fabrique des conseils citoyens — le dernier dispositif « participatif » de la politique de la Ville en date —, cette thèse de doctorat en science politique explore les logiques de l’inertie de l’action publique en matière de « participation citoyenne » avec les méthodes et les outils de l’enquête qualitative et quantitative. Dans une approche cognitive et psycho-sociale des politiques publiques, ce travail de recherche appréhende la « démocratie participative » comme un « mythe d’action publique » dont la fonction sociale est de réenchanter le champ politique. Face à la « dissonance cognitive » qui conduit inexorablement les individus et les groupes sociaux à reproduire leurs croyances, cette thèse en appelle à la « démythification » de la « démocratie participative » et de la « démocratie représentative » dont elle n’est que le prolongement<br>Despite a shared consensus on the failure of "participatory democracy" policies, public authorities systematically reproduce the "public offer of participation." By varying the scales of observation around the development of the conseils citoyens — the "latest" "participatory democracy" mechanism in the French politique de la Ville — this thesis explores the logics behind the inertia of public action regarding "citizen participation" through both qualitative and quantitative research methods. Adopting a cognitive and psycho-social approach to public policy, this research views "participatory democracy" as a "public action myth" whose social function is to re-enchant the political field. In the face of the "cognitive dissonance" that inevitably leads individuals and social groups to reinforce their beliefs, this thesis advocates for the "demythification" of both "participatory democracy" and "representative democracy", of which the former is merely an extension
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Lemouzy, Laurence. "L’imaginaire dans l’action publique territoriale." Thesis, Paris 2, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA020013.
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S’interrogeant sur leur permanence ou leur déclin. L’imaginaire se présente alors comme une ressource qui aide à « faire société ». A cette performance, le droit administratif, en particulier, n’y est pas étranger, puisqu’il donne corps à l’imaginaire par la création et l’invention de normes.Toutefois, les défaillances de la puissance publique — régulièrement dénoncées — signalent tantôt un affaiblissement, tantôt une saturation, voire même une transformation de l’imaginaire public. L’action publique apparaît comme victime de l’imaginaire, victime à la fois d’un trop plein mais aussi d’une absence d’imaginaire, les deux n’étant pas étranger à une surdétermination économique des enjeux de l’action publique territoriale. Cette tension conduit à s’interroger sur les phénomènes qui vitrifient la capacité d’imagination des acteurs publics. Alors que les collectivités territoriales sont considérées comme des prestataires de services et de droits individuels, quels symboles, quelles représentations, quelles promesses, l’action publique porte-t-elle aujourd’hui ? Quels sont les « nouveaux imaginaires politiques » possibles ? Existe-t-il des ouvertures utopiques qui permettraient de penser une action publique différente de celle que nous connaissons ? Il est ainsi question de mettre à jour les imaginaires qui innervent l’action publique. Les mettre à jour car ils empruntent des souterrains qui les rendent invisibles mais pourtant bien présents dans l’action publique territoriale d’aujourd’hui<br>This research concern myths and tales who structure the territorial public sector. The purpose is to conduct a réflexion about their permanency or their decline. Then, imaginary must be understood like a way to « make society ». Administrative law, specifically, contribute to the performance of the imaginary by creating and inventing norms. However, the failures of the public sector — frequently denounced — signal sometimes a weakening, a saturation or a transformation of the public sectorimaginary. The public policies appears like a victim of the imaginary, a victim of an excess or a lack of imaginary, maybe because of the pressure and the influence of the economic power. This strain drives to interrogate themselves on the phenomena who cancel the capability of imagination among the public actors. While the local administrations are considered like service providers and individual rights providers too, which symbols, which representations, which promises does the public sector carry today ? What are the « new political imaginaries » ? Can we re-model public policies with utopia ? The question is to update the imaginaries attached to public policies. These imaginaries are invisible, hidden in the undergrounds but the are really present in the way to drive and build public policies today
Books on the topic "Public action myth"
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Bourdieu, Pierre. Acts of resistance: Against the new myths of our time. Polity Press, 1998.
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May, Allan R. Gangland Gotham. ABC-CLIO, LLC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798400655579.
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Organized crime and the mob figures who run it have long captured the imagination of the American public, appearing since the early twentieth century as characters in a host of popular books, movies, and television programs. But often what the public knew of such figures and their criminal careers was as much myth as fact. This book offers highly readable, carefully researched biographies that dispel the the myths but preserve the fascination surrounding 10 infamous New York mob leaders of the twentieth century. Each in-depth biography will help interested readers understand how and why each of these men achieved special notariety within the world of organized crime. Each biography describes the early years of each man, assessing how he came to a criminal career; his rise to prominence within the mob, providing reaction from those who knew him and witnessed his actions; and the last years of his career, assessing why it ended as it did. Each biography is illustrated with a picture of its subject and concludes with a listing of additional information resources, both print and electronic. A detailed subject index provides further access to the large amount of information contained in each biography. A timeline allows readers to quickly and easily track the birth, death, and important events in the life of each mobster.
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Mazzucato, Mariana. Wealth Creation and the Entrepreneurial State. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198803720.003.0009.
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Building on the core ideas in the author’s book The Entrepreneurial State: debunking private vs. public sector myths, the chapter looks at the narrow way in which public policy is viewed in economics and the implications of this for our understanding of wealth creation. Focusing on the relationship between the State and innovation-led growth, it looks at the key role that public policies have had in taking on extreme risk and uncertainty in the innovation process. This has entailed the State acting not just as lender of last resort, but as investor of first resort. In this context, economic policy is more about market making and shaping, rather than just a market fixing. The chapter then focuses on the implications of this different understanding of public policy, for a more ‘collective’ understanding of wealth creation, and ways to ensure that not only risks but also rewards are socialized.
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Bierman Jr., Harold. The Causes of the 1929 Stock Market Crash. Praeger, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798400623912.
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Attempting to reveal the real causes of the 1929 stock market crash, Bierman refutes the popular belief that wild speculation had excessively driven up stock market prices and resulted in the crash. Although he acknowledges some prices of stocks such as utilities and banks were overprices, reasonable explanations exist for the level and increase of all other securities stock prices. Indeed, if stocks were overpriced in 1929, then they more even more overpriced in the current era of staggering growth in stock prices and investment in securities. The causes of the 1929 crash, Bierman argues, lie in an unfavorable decision by the Massachusetts Department of Public Utilities coupled with the popular practice known as debt leverage in the 1920s corporate and investment arena. This book extends Bierman's argument in an earlier book,The Great Myths of 1929 and the Lessons to Be Learned(Greenwood, 1991), in which he discussed and refuted seven myths about 1929 but could not explain the crash. He now believes he has a reasonable explanation. He also examines the actions of Charles E. Mitchell and Sam Insull and their subsequent unjust criminal prosecution after the crash of the 1929 stock market.
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Newton, David E. Vaccination Controversies. ABC-CLIO, LLC, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798216031598.
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“Why is there such an active and ongoing resistance to mandatory vaccination? This book examines why vaccination as a public health measure continues to be highly controversial. Objections to mandatory vaccination are widespread in the world today. Rather than being a new development, such objections have existed since vaccinations were first introduced. This book provides complete coverage of the history and background of vaccination issues in the United States and around the world, along with a detailed examination of the issues related to the use of vaccination today, and supplies readers with the necessary information to consider if the potential benefits of vaccination outweigh the risks. Vaccination Controversies: A Reference Handbook overviews the scientific basis for and history of immunization as a method for protecting individuals against disease, along with a review of the social, political, and economic issues related to the use of immunization in both human and animal populations. The book debunks prevalent public health myths by clearly outlining the scientific consensus behind modern immunization regimes. Also included are profiles of important individuals and organizations within the history of vaccination, a chronology of important events, as well as pertinent reports, laws, and court decisions that give the reader a greater appreciation of the issues surrounding vaccination.”
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Shally-Jensen, Michael, Mark J. Rozell, and Ted G. Jelen, eds. American Political Culture. ABC-CLIO, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798400611483.
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This all-encompassing encyclopedia provides a broad perspective on U.S. politics, culture, and society, but also goes beyond the facts to consider the myths, ideals, and values that help shape and define the nation. Demonstrating that political culture is equally rooted in public events, internal debates, and historical experiences, this unique, three-volume encyclopedia examines an exceptionally broad range of factors shaping modern American politics, including popular belief, political action, and the institutions of power and authority. Readers will see how political culture is shaped by the attitudes, opinions, and behaviors of Americans, and how it affects those things in return. The set also addresses the issue of American "exceptionalism" and examines the nation's place in the world, both historically and in the 21st century. Essays cover pressing matters like congressional gridlock, energy policy, abortion politics, campaign finance, Supreme Court rulings, immigration, crime and punishment, and globalization. Social and cultural issues such as religion, war, inequality, and privacy rights are discussed as well. Perhaps most intriguingly, the encyclopedia surveys the fierce ongoing debate between different political camps over the nation's historical development, its present identity, and its future course. By exploring both fact and mythology, the work will enable students to form a broad yet nuanced understanding of the full range of forces and issues affecting—and affected by—the political process.
Book chapters on the topic "Public action myth"
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Murray, Patrick, and Jeanne Schuler. "The Myth of Instrumental Reason and Action." In Political Philosophy and Public Purpose. Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-35028-3_12.
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Miedema, Frank. "Images of Science: A Reality Check." In Open Science: the Very Idea. Springer Netherlands, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-024-2115-6_2.
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AbstractIt will be argued that the dominant form of current academic science is based on ideas and concepts about science and research that date back to philosophy and sociology that was developed since the 1930s. It will be discussed how this philosophy and sociology of science has informed the ideas, myths and ideology about science held by the scientific community and still determines the popular view of science. It is even more amazing when we realize that these ideas are philosophically and sociologically untenable and since the 1970s were declared obsolete by major scholars in these same disciplines. To demonstrate this, I delve deep to discuss the distinct stages that scholars in philosophy, sociology and history of science since 1945 to 2000 have gone through to leave the analytical-positivistic philosophy behind. I will be focusing on developments of their thinking about major topics such as: how scientific knowledge is produced, the scientific method; the status of scientific knowledge and the development of our ideas about ‘truth’ and the relation of our claims to reality. It will appear that the positivistic ideas about science producing absolute truth, about ‘the unique scientific method’, its formal logical approach and its timeless foundation as a guarantee for our value-free, objective knowledge were not untenable. This is to show how thoroughly the myth has been demystified in philosophy and sociology of science. You think after these fifty pages I am kicking a dead horse? Not at all! This scientific demystification has unfortunately still not reached active scientists. In fact, the popular image of science and research is still largely based on a that Legend. This is not without consequence as will be shown in Chap. 10.1007/978-94-024-2115-6_3. These images of science have shaped and in fact distorted the organisational structures of academia and the interaction between its institutes and disciplines. It also affects the relationship of science with its stakeholders in society, its funders, the many publics private and public, and policy makers in government. In short, it determines to a large degree the growth of knowledge with major effects on society.
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Miedema, Frank. "Science in Transition How Science Goes Wrong and What to Do About It." In Open Science: the Very Idea. Springer Netherlands, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-024-2115-6_3.
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AbstractScience in Transition, which started in 2013, is a small-scale Dutch initiative that presented a systems approach, comprised of analyses and suggested actions, based on experience in academia. It was built on writings by early science watchers and most recent theoretical developments in philosophy, history and sociology of science and STS on the practice and politics of science. This chapter will include my personal experiences as one of the four Dutch founders of Science in Transition. I will discuss the message and the various forms of reception over the past 6 years by the different actors in the field, including administrators in university, academic societies and Ministries of Higher Education, Economic Affairs and Public Health but also from leadership in the private sector. I will report on my personal experience of how these myths and ideologies play out in the daily practice of 40 years of biomedical research in policy and decision making in lab meetings, at departments, at grant review committees of funders and in the Board rooms and the rooms of Deans, Vice Chancellors and Rectors.It has in the previous chapters become clear that the ideology and ideals that we are brought up with are not valid, are not practiced despite that even in 2020 they are still somehow ‘believed’ by most scientists and even by many science watchers, journalists and used in political correct rhetoric and policy making by science’s leadership. In that way these ideologies and beliefs mostly implicitly but sometimes even explicitly determine debates regarding the internal policy of science and science policy in the public arena. These include all time classic themes like the uniqueness of science compared to any other societal activity; ethical superiority of science and scientists based on Mertonian norms; the vocational disinterested search for truth, autonomy; values and moral (political) neutrality, dominance of internal epistemic values and unpredictability regards impact. These ideas have influenced debates about the ideal and hegemony of natural science, the hierarchy of basic over applied science; theoretical over technological research and at a higher level in academic institutions and at the funders the widely held supremacy of STEM over SSH. This has directly determined the attitudes of scientists in the interaction with peers within the field, but also shaped the politics of science within science but also with policy makers and stakeholders from the public and private sector and with interactions with popular media.Science it was concluded was suboptimal because of growing problems with the quality and reproducibility of its published products due to failing quality control at several levels. Because of too little interactions with society during the phases of agenda setting and the actual process of knowledge production, its societal impact was limited which also relates to the lack of inclusiveness, multidisciplinarity and diversity in academia. Production of robust and significant results aiming at real world problems are mainly secondary to academic output relevant for an internally driven incentive and reward system steering for academic career advancement at the individual level. Similarly, at the higher organizational and national level this reward system is skewed to types of output and impact focused on positions on international ranking lists. This incentive and reward system, with flawed use of metrics, drives a hyper-competitive social system in academia which results in a widely felt lack of alignment and little shared value in the academic community. Empirical data, most of it from within science and academia, showing these problems in different academic disciplines, countries and continents are published on virtually a weekly basis since 2014. These critiques focus on the practices of scholarly publishing including Open Access and open data, the adverse effects of the incentive and reward system, in particular its flawed use of metrics. Images, ideologies and politics of science were exposed that insulate academia and science from society and its stakeholders, which distort the research agenda and subsequentially its societal and economic impact.
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Bekkers Victor and Homburg Vincent. "The Myths and Ceremonies of E-Government: Beyond the Hype of a New and Better Government?" In Innovation and the Public Sector. IOS Press, 2009. https://doi.org/10.3233/978-1-58603-973-8-217.
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The hype around e-government can also be understood in terms of myths. Myths play an important role in policy formulation because they can inspire and convince and thus can stimulate collective action. However, they can also blur our perspective on reality. In such cases people talk about &lsquo;hypes&rsquo;. In this chapter we look at policy documents regarding the first waves in the establishment of electronic government in Australia, Canada, Denmark and the Netherlands. We discuss these documents in terms of myths in order to understand the cleft between the ambitions of these documents and daily reality. Four myths are constructed and discussed: the myth of a new and better government which operates as a single unit, the myth of technological progress, the myth of rational information planning and the myth of the intelligent and empowered consumer.
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Checker, Melissa. "“Democracy Has Left the Building”." In The Sustainability Myth. NYU Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18574/nyu/9781479835089.003.0006.
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Just as sustainability has come to serve as a euphemism for profit-minded redevelopment, public participation and community engagement have become a ritualized but ultimately empty performance of democracy and shared decision making. This chapter examines how environmental justice activists have navigated the nonprofit funding system and the constant pressure to participate in various forms of citizen engagement. These have included requests from academics wishing to further institutional missions that emphasize public engagement. They also included invitations to sit on steering committees, to attend countless public hearings, to submit public testimonies about new development projects, to participate in urban planning initiatives, and more. Activists have found that such activities drain their time and energy, siphoning it away from their long-term goals. Ultimately, rather than supporting democratic action, institutionalized forms of civic engagement have undermined democracy itself.
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Altink, Henrice. "Commitment to Colour-Blindness." In Public Secrets. Liverpool University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/liverpool/9781789620009.003.0005.
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This chapter zooms in on colour blindness. Focussing on the racial domains of politics and criminal justice, it explores the correlation between race and colour and the enjoyment of civil and political rights. It argues that it was not just government inaction but also a lack of collective action from race-first and other groups why dark-skinned Jamaicans struggled more than others to exercise their civil and political rights. But while successive governments lacked the commitment to create a society where all Jamaicans irrespective of race and colour could enjoy their ‘fundamental rights’, they did their best to present Jamaica as a colour-blind nation. This chapter will also explore the purposes of this myth of racial harmony that was developed after the Second World War.
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Lewis, Hyrum. "The Myth of Left and Right." In The Myth of Left and Right. Oxford University PressNew York, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197680216.003.0002.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract The myth of left and right is the false belief that a principle underlies the political spectrum. While it is undeniable that many Americans hold their political views in packages that we call ideologies—those who support abortion rights, for instance, are also more likely to support income tax increases, pacifism, and affirmative action—the question is “why?” Two theories propose an answer. The essentialist theory says that it’s because all positions considered left- or right-wing share an underlying philosophy or worldview, while the social theory says that it’s because people conform to political tribes. Evidence from the laboratory, survey data, and history all show that the social theory is the better explanation. While the essentialist theory dominates our political culture, and explains the ubiquity of the political spectrum in public discourse, it has been soundly falsified.
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Lewis, Hyrum. "Introduction." In The Myth of Left and Right. Oxford University PressNew York, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197680216.003.0001.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract The myth of left and right is the false belief that a principle underlies the political spectrum. While it is undeniable that many Americans hold their political views in packages that we call ideologies—those who support abortion rights, for instance, are also more likely to support income tax increases, pacifism, and affirmative action—the question is “why?” Two theories propose an answer. The essentialist theory says that it’s because all positions considered left or right wing share an underlying philosophy or worldview, while the social theory says that it’s because people conform to political tribes. Evidence from the laboratory, survey data, and history all show that the social theory is the better explanation. While the essentialist theory dominates our political culture, and explains the ubiquity of the political spectrum in public discourse, it has been soundly falsified.
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Towlson, Jon. "Urban Legends, Urban Myths: Adapting Candyman." In Candyman. Liverpool University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/liverpool/9781911325543.003.0004.
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This chapter looks at ways in which Candyman (1992) offers a discourse on urban myth, and how it utilises actual urban legends such as ‘Bloody Mary’. Social scientists and folklorists have theorised that such urban legends construct and reinforce the worldview of the group within which they are told, sometimes through an acting out of the legends themselves: a form of ‘ostension’. In Candyman, that worldview speaks of minority oppression and the outward projection of the dispossessed as Other. Despite Clive Barker's then-unawareness of the term ‘urban legend’, a number of classic urban myths already appear in ‘The Forbidden’, including the tale of the hook, razorblades in sweets, and the public toilet castration. Bernard Rose would develop the self-reflexive aspects of the story in his adaptation, the sense that the story is very much about itself, about the experience of horror and the nature of campfire storytelling.
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Jolly, Richard. "Promoting Health with Equitable and Sustainable Human Development." In Social Injustice and Public Health. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190914653.003.0029.
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Progress toward social justice in public health requires actions to reduce the extremes of social injustice, well beyond health and health services, within each country and globally. Economic inequalities have never been greater than now, although structural inequalities of power, income, and living standards have long been present throughout the world. This chapter describes how social injustice can be reduced by promoting equitable and sustainable human development. It discusses economic and social requirements for a greater justice in public health, myths about the costs of equity and social justice, and multidimensional indicators of poverty and inequalities. It concludes with a discussion of what needs to be done, including making equity an economic priority, providing international support, utilizing the Sustainable Development Goals for poverty reduction, and taking other actions toward social justice. Two text boxes address the roles of international nongovernmental organizations and foundations in promoting equitable and sustainable human development.
Conference papers on the topic "Public action myth"
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Marques, Maria Francisca, Marta Paz, and Tiago Ribeiro. "NEUROMYTHS AND COGNITIVE HEALTH: A STUDY WITH SENIOR CITIZENS." In 11th SWS International Scientific Conferences on SOCIAL SCIENCES - ISCSS 2024. SGEM WORLD SCIENCE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.35603/sws.iscss.2024/s08/61.
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Neuroscience has witnessed profound scientific and technological advancements over recent decades, transforming our understanding of the brain and leading to significant improvements in both diagnosing and treating neurological disorders. This field of knowledge is an exciting topic for researchers and health professionals, psychologists, educators, and even the general public. The rapid expansion and the complexities of neurosciences have also led to the emergence and spread of several neuromyths. These myths concern various misconceptions or unfounded beliefs arising from incorrect interpretations of neuroscience research and its application in educational settings or other areas. Healthy ageing and maintaining cognitive health are pivotal aspects of life quality in senior populations. As the importance of lifelong education is recognised worldwide, educational endeavours in the form of senior universities play a crucial role in supporting an active and engaged elderly community. This study investigates the prevalence of neuromyths among senior citizens enrolled at senior universities and analyses which attitudes they adopt to maintain their cognitive health. To achieve that purpose, a questionnaire was developed and administered to 64 senior citizens (n=64) enrolled in two senior universities from urban areas in the northern region of Portugal. The questionnaire covered prevalent neuromyths, such as the belief in using only 10% of the brain and other diet-related and cognitive function misconceptions. The results indicate the prevalence of some neuromyths in Portuguese senior citizens attending senior universities. Nevertheless, participants demonstrated some knowledge regarding practices that contribute to good cognitive health. These findings highlight the need for educational outreach and public engagement initiatives by neuroscientists, educators, or science communicators, which can help to demystify brain science and dispel popular neuromyths. By fostering a better understanding of how the brain actually works, we can ensure that the benefits of neuroscience advancements are more fully realised across society and empower individuals to make informed decisions about their cognitive health and well-being.
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Chai, S., Xian Gui Yang, and Shuguang Wang. "A Qiang Perspective on Promoting the Rehabilitation of Children Affected by the Earthquake." In International Association of Cross Cultural Psychology Congress. International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4087/plae1375.
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The Qiang ethnic minority had a population of around 300,000 at the time of the earthquake. The Qiang mostly inhabit the poorest and most socially disadvantaged remote rural mountainous areas of the Wen Chuan and Mao Wen Qiang Autonomous Counties of Sichuan. The Qiang have a continuous cultural history dating from the Diqiang groups of the Xia Dynasty (16th to 11th century BC). They have their own language and animistic belief system, and have developed their own traditional ways of dealing with disasters. The Qiang’s myth of “Bubita” (God) and the legend of “Mutazhu and Douanzhu” (a heroic story) are key messages in understanding disasters; the village “Duyaomao” (poisonous cat, meaning witch) is important for explaining children’s illness and health. The rites conducted by the Shibi (cultural leader) are the core activity in advocating collective action for responding to disaster. To reach out quickly to children who have been affected by their traumatic experiences, many volunteers have given their assistance, including doctors, psychologists, counselling staff and social workers. In particular, a large-scale program of psychiatric counselling/therapies administered by the government is being carried out. However, employing psychological counselling and psychiatric therapies from the western individualistic perspective has led to a dilemma for public health based on medical/psychological agendas. Widespread evidence has also shown that there is a very limited effect from outside community visitors, whose one-off, inconsistent, non-indigenous messages do not carry over into the children’s everyday lives. The need for an indigenous approach is stressed.
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Andreassi, Fabio, and Ottavia Aristone. "Geografia e storia nei territori sensibili: rischio, emergenza e memoria: prove di dialogo." In International Conference Virtual City and Territory. Centre de Política de Sòl i Valoracions, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/ctv.7934.
Full textAbstract:
Si vuole esplorare il significato nella pratica di alcune parole chiave quali cambiamento,
 collasso, emergenza, memoria, rischio e la loro eventuale capacità di esplicitare i nessi tra
 geografia e storia nei territori sensibili.
 Per i sapere non esperti, la nozione di rischio diventa cangiante: declinata al passato in forma di
 mitografia o respinta e scomoda declinazione del futuro, al presente tende a perdere un
 significato proprio per scivolare nel campo semantico dell'emergenza. Questa coniugazione
 produce azioni, nell'unità di spazio-temporale del disastro, che appartengono all'emergenza:
 depotenziata di un passato irripetibile e di un futuro incerto, si configura quale potente veicolo
 del potere, avendo liberato le decisioni dalle procedure necessarie per la verifica della
 opportunità tecnica e del consenso consapevole. Nei "casi di emergenza" si riduce la relazione
 decisionale con gli abitanti coinvolti; il coordinamento e la gestione assumono forme autoritative
 e astratte, inconsapevoli della soglia di sopportabilità del rischio da parte delle popolazioni.
 L'efficienza dell'intervento di prima istanza non corrisponde alla efficacia nella media durata
 laddove l'azione pubblica non orienta le possibili scelte e non ne supporta i processi attuativi e
 adattivi. Our intention is to explore the practical meaning of certain key-words such as change, collapse,
 emergency, memory and risk, and how they may explain the links between the geography and
 history of sensitive areas.
 For non-experts, the notion of risk is many-faceted: when declined in a past sense as a myth, or
 a rejected, inconvenient declination of the future, in the present, it loses its intrinsic meaning
 and comes to refer to an emergency.
 This conjugation produces actions, within the space and time of the disaster, which are proper
 to the emergency: its unrepeatable past weakened and with an uncertain future, it emerges as a
 forceful vehicle of power, which takes all the decisions and enforces the procedures necessary
 for assessing technical necessities and conscious consensus. In "cases of emergency", the inhabitants involved are deprived of their part in decision-making, while the management of the
 emergency takes on an abstract and authoritarian form and seems unable to sense the
 threshold of tolerance of risk of the population. The immediate intervention is seen to be
 effective, but not in the mid-term, where public action does not take into account the possible
 alternatives or sustain the local people in their attempt to adapt.
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Jaho, Jerina, and Krenar Malaj. "Evaluation of the knowledge about hepatitis B of high school students in the city of Vlore, Albania: Need for information and awareness." In Proceedings of the International Congress Public Health - Achievements and Challenges. Institute of Public Health of Serbia "Dr Milan Jovanović Batut", 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/batutphco24158j.
Full textAbstract:
Background: Hepatitis B is a disease that affects the liver, leading to cirrhosis and even hepatocellular carcinoma. Being an infectious disease, anyone is at risk of being affected by it. Especially, young adults who are sexually active, drug users and not well-informed. Methods and Objectives: The objective of this study was to evaluate the level of knowledge that teenagers have about this disease and also the attitude they have about awareness or preventive measures to be affected by the Hepatitis B virus. The data was collected from high school students of the three largest public high schools in the city of Vlore. The questionnaire consisted of questions related to knowledge about the ways of transmission, the preventive vaccine and the attitude on vaccination. Results: A total of 543 young people agreed to participate and answered all the questions. Young people lacked information about hepatitis B. 470 students answered that unprotected sexual intercourse is the most common way of transmission. Likewise, 157 students declared that they were not at risk of being affected by hepatitis B and 290 did not believe in the hepatitis B vaccine. Adolescents referred that the main source of information is social media. Conclusions: In conclusion, young adults lack adequate knowledge about hepatitis B, risk factors and the role of the vaccine. Addressing misconceptions and myths about hepatitis B is crucial. By increasing awareness and understanding, we can enhance prevention efforts and reduce the burden of hepatitis B in adolescents.
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Burns, Karen. "Women, Care, and the Settler Nation: The Victorian Country Women’s Association, 1928." In The 39th Annual Conference of the Society of Architectural Historians Australia and New Zealand. SAHANZ, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.55939/a5015p7rux.
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Care has long been a gendered attribute, frequently associated with women but rarely, until very recently, understood as an ethic and action shaping the built environment. This paper proposes using the lens of care to uncover women’s material culture contributions to the built environment. Histories that focus on the formal intersection of architecture and town planning and their professional identities can exclude women makers who, historically had to find other ways to shape built material culture. Under the rubric of care, this paper examines how women makers worked in applied art media across a range of “care” sites through the post-suffrage organisation, the Victorian branch of the Country Women’s Association (CWA). This philanthropic organisation was established in 1928 to advance the rights and care of women, children, and families in regional areas. Through exhibitions, media, touring lecturers and an affiliation with the Victorian Arts and Crafts Society, the CWA Victoria used craft and domestic material culture to democratise craft ideals and ameliorate poor environments in rural homes and towns. It fostered public health, welfare and the comfort and repair of self and communities. Through these means the organisation also provided support for the influx of new arrivals generated from the post-war rural reconstruction schemes of soldier settlement and mass migration from Britain. These larger projects allied the CWA Victoria organisation to a post-war settler identity which reanimated settler myths of land. In early twentieth-century Australia, care of the settler, built environment was gendered and racialised, an event that prompts an intersectional reassessment of the feminist model of care.