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1
Learner, Sue. "The Parliament's Public Accounts Committee (PAC) report published." Nursing and Residential Care 18, no. 9 (September 2, 2016): 460. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/nrec.2016.18.9.460.
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Hollingsworth, Kathryn. "Environmental monitoring of government — the case for an environmental auditor." Legal Studies 20, no. 2 (June 2000): 241–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-121x.2000.tb00142.x.
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In November 1997 the Environmental Audit Committee of the House of Commons (EAC) was established. The Committee is modelled in some ways on the Public Accounts Committee of the House of Commons (PAC) but, unlike the PAC, the EAC is not supported by an independent auditor. This article argues that, despite the limitations of audit made in accountancy literature, audit can be a useful mechanism by which to hold government to account for the impact of its policies and operations on the environment. However, as a model of accountability, the current system of environmental audit is inadequate. In making this argument, the article draws on two existing audit models. First, because the government has chosen to model the EAC on the PAC, the mechanisms in place for securing financial and value for money accountability in UK central government will be considered. Second, the article looks to the arrangements in Canada, where a more developed system of environmental audit exists.
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Celestin, Mbonigaba. "Public Accounts Committee (PAC) Practices and Financial Performance: Analysis of Local Administrative Entities in Rwanda." Journal of Finance and Accounting 7, no. 5 (2019): 153. http://dx.doi.org/10.11648/j.jfa.20190705.14.
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Kyando, Asifiwe, Abdiel Abayo, and Gwahula Raphael. "Determinants of the extent of usage of accounting information by Public Accounts Committee in Tanzania public corporations: Moderating role of effective communication." International Journal of Research in Business and Social Science (2147- 4478) 11, no. 9 (December 25, 2022): 205–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.20525/ijrbs.v11i9.2118.
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The objective of the paper is to examine determinants of the extent of usage of accounting information by the Public Accounts Committee in Tanzania public corporations moderated by effective communication. This study's guiding theories are an agency, accounting information usefulness, and communication. The study used a positivist philosophy, deductive approach, and cross-sectional survey design. The researcher used quantitative data analysis focused on 110 questionnaires made by PAC members and nonmembers. The Partial Least Square –Structural Equation Modeling [PLS-SEM] was used to support multivariate statistical analysis. The study reported a coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.584, implying that trust in accounting information, perception of quality of accounting information, knowledge of accounting information, and effective communication moderated by effective communication explain a 58.4% variation in the extent of usage of accounting information. The study results showed that trust in accounting information and knowledge of accounting information has a statistically significant positive impact on the extent of use of accounting information. The perception of the quality of accounting information and effective communication had a statistically insignificant positive effect on the extent of accounting information usage. Besides, the study results confirmed the absence of moderating effects of effective communication of accounting information on the relationships between determinants of accounting information usage and the extent of use of accounting information.
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Nemec, Juraj, Marta Orviska, and Colin Lawson. "The Role of Accountability Arrangements in Social Innovations: Evidence from the UK and Slovakia." NISPAcee Journal of Public Administration and Policy 9, no. 1 (June 1, 2016): 73–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nispa-2016-0004.
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AbstractOur research focuses on selected accountability mechanisms in the two countries. In Slovakia these are the Supreme Audit Office (SAO) and the Ombudsman. In the UK, at the national level we chose the Committee of Public Accounts (PAC), the National Audit Office (NAO) and the Parliamentary and Health Service Ombudsman (PHSO) and on the local level the relatively recently introduced local government system of Scrutiny and Overview.The goal of our article is to assess the potential contribution of these accountability arrangements to the anchoring of social innovation in the public sector. The theory anticipates that accountability institutions such as the SAO and Ombudsman may create feedback loops supporting public innovations. We undertook detailed checks on the concrete situation in the Slovak Republic and in the UK. On the basis of the comprehensive set of data reviewed, including reports, interviews and more generally available information, we can confidently conclude that while in Slovakia such a feedback loop barely functions, in the UK it does function on a limited but still significant scale. In the last part we provide selected arguments why the Slovak situation is less positive.
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Forson, Richmond, Camara Kwesi Obeng, and William Gabriel Brafu-Insaidoo. "Determinants of Capital Flight In Ghana." Journal of Business and Enterprise Development (JOBED) 7 (September 16, 2017): 108–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.47963/jobed.v7i0.133.
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The study investigated the short-run and long-run determinants of capital flight in Ghana using the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) estimation technique. The long-run and short-run results show that real GDP growth rate, higher domestic real interest rate over foreign interest rate, financial development, good governance and strong property rights reduce capital flight, while external debt to GDP leads to increase in capital flight in Ghana. However, lagged external debt to GDP and lagged financial development had negative and positive effect respectively in the short-run. The study recommends that government should adopt more pro-growth policies and resort to domestic borrowing to reduce external debt. The Central Bank of Ghana should improve on the development of the financial sector and ensure competitive domestic interest rates. It is also recommended that Public Accounts Committee (PAC) in Ghana should continue to ensure accountability and transparency to strengthen the interest of domestic investors.
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Forson, Richmond, Camara Kwesi Obeng, and William Gabriel Brafu-Insaidoo. "Determinants of Capital Flight In Ghana." Journal of Business and Enterprise Development 7, no. 2017 (July 1, 2017): 104–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.47963/jobed.2017.06.
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The study investigated the short-run and long-run determinants of capital flight in Ghana using the auto-regressive distributed lag (ARDL) estimation technique. The long-run and short-run results show that real GDP growth rate, higher domestic real interest rate over foreign interest rate, financial development, good governance and strong property rights reduce capital flight, while external debt to GDP leads to increase in capital flight in Ghana. However, lagged external debt to GDP and lagged financial development had negative and positive effect respectively in the short-run. The study recommends that government should adopt more pro-growth policies and resort to domestic borrowing to reduce external debt. The Central Bank of Ghana should improve on the development of the financial sector and ensure competitive domestic interest rates. It is also recommended that Public Accounts Committee (PAC) in Ghana should continue to ensure accountability and transparency to strengthen the interest of domestic investors.
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Stockbrugger, Reinhold. "UEG: What is the Public Affairs Committee (PAC)?" United European Gastroenterology Journal 1, no. 4 (August 2013): 299–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2050640613498054.
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Tripathi, Micky. "PAC Contributions and Defense Contracting." Business and Politics 2, no. 1 (April 2000): 53–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.2202/1469-3569.1003.
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This paper examines the political activity of US defense contractors over the years 1980–1994. Using econometric techniques to account for both fixed-effects and selection, I examine the industry determinants and distribution patterns of political action committee (PAC) contributions to the US House of Representatives. The analysis finds that the size of the defense budget is a primary factor explaining political activity across the industry as well as within individual firms; firm size, dependency on defense, and defense contract awards explain much less. I also find that firms appeared to change their political strategies in the face of large exogenous shifts in the US defense budget. While defense expenditures were on the rise, defense firms spread their contributions relatively broadly over the defense committee system; when the budget fell, however, the firms switched strategies and targeted committee leaders. An incidental contribution of the paper is an empirical application of the trimmed least absolute deviations estimator for fixed-effects models with selection.
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Thornburg, Steven W. "Accounting PAC Contributions and Committee Speech during the 107th U.S. Congress." Accounting and the Public Interest 13, no. 1 (December 1, 2013): 172–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/apin-10379.
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ABSTRACT This study tests the hypothesis that political action committee (PAC) contributions paid by the accounting profession are indirectly associated with the speech performance of congressional committee members debating issues related to auditor independence during the 107th Congress (2001–2002). The hypothesis is based on the assumption that PAC contributions represent payments for access to lobby legislators and a theory of lobbying as legislative subsidy that predicts legislators who are granted legislative subsidies will increase their participation and effort. Legislative effort is measured as the qualitatively coded speech counts of 126 individual committee members during 17 hearings related to financial auditing held over 21 days by 6 committees of the U.S. House of Representatives. The results indicate a positive association between aggregate PAC contributions paid by the Big 5 and the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants (AICPA) and anti-regulatory speech counts of House committee members. No association was found for aggregate contributions and pro-regulatory speech counts. Results are mixed when PAC contributions are disaggregated by funding source indicating heterogeneity among firms in their contribution patterns.
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Pouyat, Rich. "Public Affairs Committee." Bulletin of the Ecological Society of America 89, no. 4 (October 2008): 357–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/0012-9623(2008)89[357:pac]2.0.co;2.
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Bacon, Alixandra, Cathryn Ellis, Jean-Francois Rostoker, and Anne Apoko Olaro. "Exploring the Role of Midwives in Uganda’s Postabortion Care: Current Practice, Barriers, and Solutions." International Journal of Childbirth 4, no. 1 (2014): 4–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/2156-5287.4.1.4.
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Annually, upward of 100,000 Ugandan women receive care after a spontaneous or induced abortion. Abortion-related complications account for up to 26% of maternal deaths. Pilot projects have trained Ugandan midwives in the use of manual vacuum aspiration (MVA) for postabortion care (PAC), but to date there is no published literature exploring midwifery training and PAC practices. To better understand how PAC is provided in public Ugandan hospitals, the midwife’s training and role in PAC and the perceived barriers to providing PAC, interviews with midwives were conducted at 3 public hospitals. A framework analysis of emergent and a priori themes was conducted. Fewer than half of midwives interviewed had received formal PAC training. Current clinical practice in PAC includes MVA, dilatation and curettage, and medical management with misoprostol. Participants identified barriers to providing PAC, which include shortage of staff and equipment, transportation, cultural issues, and gender inequality. Solutions include increased staffing on maternity wards, training more midwives to perform MVA, and improved planning and communication with National Medical Stores. Community sensitization and support for young pregnant women is needed.
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Podhorzer, Michael, Lorraine Driscoll, and Edwin S. Rothschild. "Unhealthy Money: The Growth in Health Pacs' Congressional Campaign Contributions." International Journal of Health Services 23, no. 1 (January 1993): 81–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/jm8f-cjm1-n9me-flhx.
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The health and insurance industries have launched a massive lobbying and public relations effort to undermine popular support in the United States for a national health care system. As part of their campaign, these industries have increased dramatically their PAC contributions to members of Congress. This article provides a detailed account of these PAC contributions to congressional incumbents and candidates, and discusses additional information on the health insurance industry's advertising campaigns.
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Pater, J. L., G. P. Browman, M. C. Brouwers, M. F. Nefsky, W. K. Evans, and D. H. Cowan. "Funding New Cancer Drugs in Ontario: Closing the Loop in the Practice Guidelines Development Cycle." Journal of Clinical Oncology 19, no. 14 (July 15, 2001): 3392–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2001.19.14.3392.
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PURPOSE: The previously described practice guidelines development cycle follows an iterative model in which recommendations are reached by a process that incorporates practitioners at all phases. A key feature is the separation of the evidence-based systematic review and the generation of recommendations from policy decisions surrounding implementation. This article describes how this implementation phase has evolved in Ontario and how implementation has affected the guidelines process. METHODS: The development of the New Drug Funding Program in Ontario and the appointment of a policy advisory committee (PAC) to make funding recommendations were reviewed. The decision-making framework of the PAC is described in this article. RESULTS: The PAC has had to address a number of issues in making funding recommendations. These issues have included dealing with evidence arising solely from phase II versus phase III trials, using economic information, and involving community representatives in its deliberations. Its activities have had a substantial impact on the practice guidelines initiative. CONCLUSION: It is possible to integrate an evidence-based, practitioner-driven approach to clinical guideline development with a funding program that takes policy considerations into account. However, even though these two roles are conceptually separate, the needs of the funding program have inevitably had an impact on the guidelines process.
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Masanja, Cosmas. "Audit Committee and Internal Control Effectiveness in Public Sector Entities." Business Management Review 25, no. 2 (December 31, 2022): 19–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.56279/bmrj.v25i2.2.
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This paper reports the findings of a study that examined the audit committee and internal control effectiveness nexus. The study worked on the assertion that the audit committee of the board enhances internal control effectiveness, which is widely documented and supported, more so in the private sector. As a result, many public sector entities’ governing boards are increasingly establishing such audit committees. Yet, it is unclear to what extent such increase in audit committees contribute to public sector entities’ internal control effectiveness, especially in developing economies. This study, therefore, examined the explanatory power of the audit committee’s characteristics, internal control specific oversight processes, and management support on the effectiveness of internal control of the reporting entity. Data was collected using structured questionnaire administered with key audit committee stakeholders of social security funds in Tanzania. Ordinary Least Square (OLS) was used to multi-regress the investigated independent variables against the dependent variable. Overall, results show that audit committee characteristics, audit committee internal control specific oversight processes and management support to audit committee significantly account for internal control effectiveness. Indeed, internal control specific oversight processes have the most significant positive explanatory power followed by management support to the audit committee and audit committee characteristics, respectively. Scholars, policymakers, audit committees, boards, and managers may use the results of this study to inform strategies and/or interventions aimed to improve audit committee’s contribution to internal control effectiveness.
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Klimaszewska-Wiśniewska, Anna, Izabela Neska-Długosz, Karolina Buchholz, Justyna Durślewicz, Dariusz Grzanka, Anna Kasperska, Paulina Antosik, Jan Zabrzyński, Alina Grzanka, and Maciej Gagat. "Prognostic Significance of KIF11 and KIF14 Expression in Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma." Cancers 13, no. 12 (June 16, 2021): 3017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers13123017.
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Available biomarkers for pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAC) are inadequate to guide individual patient prognosis or therapy. Therefore, herein we aimed to verify the hypothesis that differences in the expression of KIF11 and KIF14, i.e., molecular motor proteins being primarily implicated in cell division events could account for the differences in the clinical outcome of PAC patients. In-house immunohistochemistry was used to evaluate the protein expressions of KIF11 and KIF14 in PAC, whereas RNA-seq datasets providing transcript expression data were obtained from public sources. IHC and mRNA results were correlated with clinicopathological features and overall survival (OS). Furthermore, the genes co-expressed with KIF11 or KIF14 were predicted and functionally annotated. In our series, malignant ducts displayed more intense but less abundant KIF11 staining than normal-appearing ducts. The former was also true for KIF14, whereas the prevalence of positive staining was similar in tumor and normal adjacent tissues. Based on categorical immunoreactive scores, we found KIF11 and KIF14 to be frequently downregulated or upregulated in PAC cases, respectively, and those with elevated levels of either protein, or both together, were associated with better prognosis. Specifically, we provide the first evidence that KIF11 or KIF14 proteins can robustly discriminate between patients with better and worse OS, independently of other relevant clinical risk factors. In turn, mRNA levels of KIF11 and KIF14 were markedly elevated in tumor tissues compared to normal tissues, and this coincided with adverse prognosis, even after adjusting for multiple confounders. Tumors with low predicted KIF11 or KIF14 expression were seen to have enrichment for circadian clock, whereas those with high levels were enriched for the genomic instability-related gene set. KIF11 and KIF14 were strongly correlated with one another, and CEP55, ASPM, and GAMT were identified as the main hub genes. Importantly, the combined expression of these five genes emerged as the most powerful independent prognostic indicator associated with poor survival outcome compared to classical clinicopathological factors and any marker alone. In conclusion, our study identifies novel prognostic biomarkers for PAC, which await validation.
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Schonhardt-Bailey, Cheryl. "Nonverbal contention and contempt in U.K. parliamentary oversight hearings on fiscal and monetary policy." Politics and the Life Sciences 36, no. 1 (2017): 27–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/pls.2017.7.
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In parliamentary committee oversight hearings on fiscal policy, monetary policy, and financial stability, where verbal deliberation is the focus, nonverbal communication may be crucial in the acceptance or rejection of arguments proffered by policymakers. Systematic qualitative coding of these hearings in the 2010–15 U.K. Parliament finds the following: (1) facial expressions, particularly in the form of anger and contempt, are more prevalent in fiscal policy hearings, where backbench parliamentarians hold frontbench parliamentarians to account, than in monetary policy or financial stability hearings, where the witnesses being held to account are unelected policy experts; (2) comparing committees across chambers, hearings in the House of Lords committee yield more reassuring facial expressions relative to hearings in the House of Commons committee, suggesting a more relaxed and less adversarial context in the former; and (3) central bank witnesses appearing before both the Lords and Commons committees tend toward expressions of appeasement, suggesting a willingness to defer to Parliament.
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Li, Shiqi. "Research on the Government’s Public Crisis Management under the New Media Environment: A Case Study of TikTok Account of “Communist Youth League Central Committee”." Public Administration Research 12, no. 1 (February 27, 2023): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/par.v12n1p1.
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Given the frequent occurrence of public crisis events in China in the new media era, with the frame theory as the theoretical basis and the TikTok Account of the “Communist Youth League Central Committee” as the research object, this paper uses the literature analysis to systematically analyze the public crisis management reports involved in governmental short videos. On the whole, this paper aims to observe and grasp the current situation of the government’s public crisis management under the new media environment through the analysis of various aspects, encompassing video themes, related words in the video introduction, manifestations, release time, video duration, audience’s feedback data, user comments, etc. This research indicates that the TikTok account of “Communist Youth League Central Committee” will highlight the theme of public crisis and promote publicity around public management, adheres to the guidance of public opinion and has a good guidance strategy, and grasps the limit of entertainment, the form of communication is diversified. But the two-way interaction of its communication topics is relatively low, and it does not pay enough attention to the details of video production or effectively communicate with other levels of government affairs accounts. So the account operators should timely respond to the questions raised by users in the comment section, optimize the details of video production and interconnect with other types and levels of short video accounts of government affairs.
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Pierson, S. Ryan, Liane Le, and Hiba Shaikh. "An Analysis of Political Contributions From Dietetic Professionals in the United States." Current Developments in Nutrition 6, Supplement_1 (June 2022): 1103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzac071.003.
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Abstract Objectives The Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics (AND) created a nonpartisan political action committee, the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics Political Action Committee (ANDPAC), formerly known as the American Dietetic Association PAC (ADAPAC), to support political candidates backing the Academy's public policy priorities. We aimed to reveal how this political action committee utilized the funding from health care occupations (primarily nutritionists or registered dietitians) by analyzing the patterns of their political contributions. Methods Contribution data collected from the United States Federal Election Commission (FEC) database from 2003 through 2021 was examined. Each contribution from 2003 through 2010 was made to the ADAPAC and thereafter contributions were made to ANDPAC. Occupation lines were used to filter for dietitians. Patterns of funding, unique contributions, and total amount of contributions were collected. Donations from ANDPAC to Democratic, Republican, or Independent candidates in each congressional election cycle was analyzed utilizing Microsoft Excel. Results In 2003, there were 3 unique RD contributions to ADAPAC. By 2017, ANDPAC received contributions from 181 unique RD contributors. This declined to 68 unique RD contributors by 2021. Total RD monetary contributions to ANDPAC also declined from 2017 to 2021 ($24,071.00 to $13,835.61, respectively). From 2003 to 2021, ANDPAC contributed a total of $1,685,977.41 to political parties. Democrats received more contributions than Republicans or Independents from ANDPAC in 14 of 19 years. Conclusions Understanding political contributions in today's society is pivotal to interpreting policy changes. In its 19 years of existence, the ADAPAC/ANDPAC has primarily funded the Democratic political party. Although there have been recent fluctuations, RD contributions to ADAPAC/ANDPAC has substantially grown since 2003. Funding Sources None.
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Gubala, Vladimir, Linda J. Johnston, Ziwei Liu, Harald Krug, Colin J. Moore, Christopher K. Ober, Michael Schwenk, and Michel Vert. "Engineered nanomaterials and human health: Part 1. Preparation, functionalization and characterization (IUPAC Technical Report)." Pure and Applied Chemistry 90, no. 8 (August 28, 2018): 1283–324. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pac-2017-0101.
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Abstract Nanotechnology is a rapidly evolving field, as evidenced by the large number of publications on the synthesis, characterization, and biological/environmental effects of new nano-sized materials. The unique, size-dependent properties of nanomaterials have been exploited in a diverse range of applications and in many examples of nano-enabled consumer products. In this account we focus on Engineered Nanomaterials (ENM), a class of deliberately designed and constructed nano-sized materials. Due to the large volume of publications, we separated the preparation and characterisation of ENM from applications and toxicity into two interconnected documents. Part 1 summarizes nanomaterial terminology and provides an overview of the best practices for their preparation, surface functionalization, and analytical characterization. Part 2 (this issue, Pure Appl. Chem. 2018; 90(8): 1325–1356) focuses on ENM that are used in products that are expected to come in close contact with consumers. It reviews nanomaterials used in therapeutics, diagnostics, and consumer goods and summarizes current nanotoxicology challenges and the current state of nanomaterial regulation, providing insight on the growing public debate on whether the environmental and social costs of nanotechnology outweigh its potential benefits.
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Midgley, Henry. "The National Audit Office and the Select Committee System 1979–2019." Parliamentary Affairs 72, no. 4 (September 23, 2019): 779–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/pa/gsz034.
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Abstract This is the first account of the relationship between select committees and the National Audit Office (NAO). The relationship has been often dismissed, but this article argues that it has been vital for the success of the committee system. Initially, both the committees and the audit office were established to strengthen the scrutiny of public administration. Despite the intentions of the early reformers, they did not initially collaborate. In the 1990s and 2000s, early reluctance gave way to enthusiastic collaboration between the two institutions. Initially, this collaboration focussed on financial and environmental scrutiny, but it has since expanded as the auditors have gained more confidence and the committees more familiarity with their work. Now the NAO advises committees on subjects such as European Union exit, which it would have never discussed with them only 40 years previously. This article provides both an account of that collaboration and an explanation for why the NAO and the committees have become so closely associated.
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Owens, John E. "Good Public Policy Voting in the US Congress: An Explanation of Financial Institutions Politics." Political Studies 43, no. 1 (March 1995): 66–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9248.1995.tb01700.x.
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Two important themes in the literature on the United States Congress are that members experience difficulty transacting complex technical legislation – because most are not experts – and that they make their decisions on the basis of what will help them win re-election, by following the economic preferences of their interest group or electoral constituencies. The few writers who have examined congressional decisionmaking on financial institutions regulatory policy have generally accepted the conventional re-election premise and argued that legislators follow the economic preferences of their interest group of electoral constituencies. Using a case study of how members of a House committee make decisions on complex financial institutions regulatory policy, the article offers an alternative political explanation which takes better account of the complexity of congressional decisionmaking and the specific nature of the policy issues which are decided. Through a close analysis of internal committee politics, the research demonstrates the crucial roles played by subject specialists and the importance of party-mediated cue-passing.
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Lynch, Catherine. "The effect of parliamentary reforms (2011–16) on the Oireachtas committee system." Administration 65, no. 2 (May 24, 2017): 59–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/admin-2017-0015.
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Abstract The literature on parliament identifies many factors which facilitate or impede parliamentary committees in their quest to scrutinise legislation and to oversee and hold government to account, including the formal powers assigned to them, political factors associated with the make-up of parliament, structural factors associated with parliamentary tradition, and the rules and procedure adopted by parliament. This article is concerned with how parliamentary rules and procedure can affect committees. It develops a framework of the procedural variables associated with ‘effective committee systems’ and uses it to assess the Oireachtas committee system prior to and after the reforms introduced by the thirty-first and thirty-second Dáileanna. It finds that many, though not all, of the procedural conditions for a strong committee system have been put in place. However, while changes to procedure can remove obstacles to effective committee systems, other factors - above all, the incentive for politicians to engage with committee work - will ultimately determine whether the reforms truly strengthen parliament.
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Frascarelli, Angelo. "Migliorare il funzionamento della filiera alimentare: una valutazione degli strumenti per la pac dopo il 2013." ECONOMIA AGRO-ALIMENTARE, no. 1 (May 2012): 319–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/ecag2012-001015.
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In economic literature, agricultural policy instruments for market and price stabilisation are classified in two broad categories: direct instruments and indirect instruments. Having the direct instruments failed, the cap proposals for years 2014-2020 are focusing on the indirect instruments: producer organisations, collective bargaining, interbranch agreements, transparency of the food supply chain, market risk management. Such themes emerged in the recent debate on agricultural policy because of two facts: strong volatility of agricultural prices and a growing disparity between basic prices and consumer prices. Objective of the present work is the evaluation of eight instruments of agricultural policy for improving the food supply chain functioning, with an analysis of potential economical consequences of the various options. The evaluation takes into account both efficiency (expenditure level, simplicity of use of the instruments, compatibility with Wto rules) and effectiveness (market and prices stabilisation, strengthening of producers position in the food supply chain, market transparency). Analysis was conduct referring to economic literature, to empirical evidences coming from sectors that use indirect instruments, and to results of studies produced by public or private organisations.
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Prabhu, Dr M., Omar Hani Mamdouh Alomari, and Dr Nofan Hamed Al-Olimat. "Impact of Audit Committee Characteristics on Dividend Yield of Jordanian Listed Financial Companies." YMER Digital 20, no. 12 (December 31, 2021): 867–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.37896/ymer20.12/78.
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The Audit Committee is responsible for overseeing the Board's corporate governance and oversight obligations, including the company's risk management system, internal control system, financial reporting, and internal and external audit tasks. The impact of Audit Committee features on Dividend Policy in financial companies listed on the Amman Stock Exchange was investigated in this study. Dividend Yield per Share was taken into account as part of Dividend Policy in the study, which was based on Jordanian financial enterprises' public financial reports. Multiple regression analysis was employed to examine the impact of AuditCommittee characteristics on DividendYield in Jordanian companies. The results indicated that AuditCommittee characteristics showed a significant effect on DividendYield per Share.
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Woollett, Benjamin, Daniel Klose, Richard Cammack, Robert W. Janes, and B. A. Wallace. "JCAMP-DX for circular dichroism spectra and metadata (IUPAC Recommendations 2012)." Pure and Applied Chemistry 84, no. 10 (October 3, 2012): 2171–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac-rec-12-02-03.
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Circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy is a widely used technique for the characterisation of proteins. A number of CD instruments are currently on the market, and there are more than a dozen synchrotron radiation circular dichroism (SRCD) beamlines in operation worldwide. All produce different output formats and contents. In order for users of CD and SRCD data to be able simply to compare and contrast data and the associated recorded or unrecorded metadata, it is essential to have a common data format. For this reason, the JCAMP-DX-CD format for CD spectroscopy has been developed, based on extensive consultations with users and senior representatives of all the instrument manufacturers and beamlines, and under the auspices of IUPAC, based on the Joint Committee on Atomic and Physical Data Exchange protocols. The availability of a common format is also important for deposition to, and access from, the Protein Circular Dichroism Data Bank, the public repository for CD and SRCD data and metadata. The JCAMP-DX-CD format can be read by standard JCAMP programs such as JSpecView. We have also created a series of parsers, available at the DichroJCAMP web site (http://valispec.cryst.bbk.ac.uk/formatConverter/dichroJCAMPDX-CD.html), which will enable the conversion between instrument and beamline formats and the JCAMP-DX-CD format.
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Dean, Adam, and Jonathan Obert. "Rewarded by Friends and Punished by Enemies: The CIO and the Taft-Hartley Act." Labor 18, no. 3 (September 1, 2021): 78–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/15476715-9061493.
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The Wagner Act, passed by a Democratic-controlled Congress in 1935, provided unprecedented federal protections for American labor unions. The Taft-Hartley Act, passed by a Republican-controlled Congress just twelve years later, effectively rolled back significant parts of Wagner. Previous research on Taft-Hartley identifies three factors that led to this anti-labor backlash. First, the American public was repulsed by the large strike wave that followed the end of World War II. Second, southern Democrats were concerned that powerful labor unions would organize African Americans and upset the South's racial hierarchy. Third, the Republican Party was increasingly embracing a conservative, probusiness ideology. This article contributes a new angle to this old debate by exploring the role of the CIO, its 1943 decision to create the country's first political action committee (PAC), and the consequences of its informal alliance with the Democratic Party. Using original data on CIO density and congressional voting on the Taft-Hartley Act, we demonstrate that CIO strength polarized the parties: higher levels of CIO density led Democrats to vote in favor of organized labor but led Republicans to vote in an increasingly anti-labor manner.
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Baltz, Matthew J. "Navigating the Globalization Dilemma: Democratic Pressure and the Making of U.S. Inward Foreign Direct Investment Policy in the 1970s." Journal of Policy History 31, no. 1 (November 30, 2018): 101–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0898030618000350.
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Abstract:The tension between democratic institutions and the project to integrate international markets for trade and investment has been an enduring feature of the contemporary era of globalization. This article analyzes how officials in the executive branch navigated this tension in the making of inward foreign direct investment policy during the 1970s. Based on recently declassified archival sources, it traces how top officials in the Ford administration decided to establish a new interagency committee in order to appear responsive to congressional pressure and still leave its “open door” investment policy intact. Yet this measure only marked the first step in resolving their political dilemma. Lower-level functionaries then had to manage the problem of how to give the new committee the appearance of strength while also maximizing its discretion to be weak. Overall, this article contributes the first comprehensive account of both phases of the policy-making process using new archival evidence.
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Yuldoshev, Azizjon. "DEVELOPMENT TRENDS OF INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS ON PUBLIC PARTICIPATION." Review of Law Sciences 5, no. 3 (November 24, 2021): 80–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.51788/tsul.rols.2021.5.3./mhbb6625.
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The article examines the formation and development trends of international standards for public participation. In the study, taking into account the practice of compliance by states with non-binding documents of international governmental and non-governmental organizations in the field of public participation, the author’s definition of international standards of public participation is given. The importance of the comments and recommendations of the Human Rights Committee on the articles of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, guidelines developed by the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights and other international organizations, as well as other documents is revealed. The author identifies trends in the rapid development of international standards for public participation in the context of the COVID 19 pandemic and other global problems, the coverage of public participation in all areas and its specialization. As a result of the study, recommendations were given on ensuring public participation in all areas in accordance with international standards, including accession to the Aarhus Convention, active participation of state bodies and citizens of Uzbekistan in the development of standards for public participation.
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Lednev, Alexander P. "INTERACTION OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION BODIES OF NIZHNY NOVGOROD FAIR WITH THE STATE AUTHORITIES IN SOLVING CUSTOMS POLICY ISSUES IN THE POST-REFORM PERIOD OF THE 19th CENTURY." Historical Search 2, no. 3 (September 28, 2021): 45–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.47026/2712-9454-2021-2-3-45-51.
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The present article examines interaction between public administration bodies of Nizhny Novgorod Fair and the state authorities in solving customs policy issues in the post-reform period of the 19th century It was the public administration bodies, whose functions included planning measures to improve the quality of trade and petitioning the government about the needs of domestic industry and trade, that influenced implementation of domestic and foreign state policy. The fair public administration, taking into account the importance that the Nizhny Novgorod Fair had in domestic and foreign trade, was the center of unification of all Russian merchants.
Since the mid-1880s, public administration bodies, in particular the fair committee, formed in 1864, whose powers gradually grew, began to exercise representative functions on the issues of domestic trade and industry development. In particular, with direct involvement of the public fair management bodies in the 1880s, a large range of issues was discussed; these issues related to: the transit of foreign goods through the Transcaucasian Territory, which existed for several decades and caused significant damage to the production of Russian manufactory; sales markets in the Central Asia, Persia and the Far East; transformations of the entire customs system in Russia and changes in existing customs tariffs with the direct participation of the commercial and industrial estate representatives. As a result, a number of measures in the state customs policy carried out by the state authorities ultimately contributed to the development, expansion and strengthening the positions of domestic industrial production and trade.
Public administration bodies, including the fair committee, became especially active in the 1890s. It is during this period that the authority of the fair management increases. And the fair committee itself began to express the interests of the commercial and industrial estate of whole Russia.
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Mesrawati, Mesrawati, Selly Selly, Stefanie Sherlytan, Meliana Natalia Sinaga, and Rosella Apryani Saragih. "The Effect of DAR, CR, ROA and Corporate Governance Mechanism on Financial Distress in BUMN Companies Go Public on Bei Year 2016-2020." Journal Research of Social, Science, Economics, and Management 1, no. 7 (February 20, 2022): 954–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.36418/jrssem.v1i7.117.
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Financial distress is a condition of financial difficulties experienced by the company in dealing with its finances. Problems Financial conditions that are not immediately resolved will lead to bankruptcy. Financial difficulties can start from liquidity difficulties (short term), as the lightest sign of financial distress, the worst is bankruptcy. Usually, when examining possible financial difficulties, a financial indicator model is used. These financial indicators are obtained through analysis of financial ratios contained in the company's financial statement information. So This study aims to find out whether there is an effect of Debt To Asset Ratio, Current Ratio, Return On Asset and audit committee on financial distress in BUMN companies that go public on the IDX in 2016-2020 with multiple linear regression data analysis techniques. The population of state-owned companies is 20, selected using purposive sampling so that a sample of 13 companies is obtained with a total of 65 data. Statistic analysis used on this study are classic asumption test, normality test, heteroscedasticity test, multiple linear regression, Hypothesis testing using T-test, F-test and determinant coefficient analysis. The test results show that partially Debt To Asset Ratio and the audit committee have a significant negative effect on financial distress, partially Return On Asset has a positive effect on financial distress while the Current Ratio has no effect on financial distress. Simultaneous test results show that Debt To Asset Ratio, Current Ratio, Return on asset and the audit committee affect financial distress. We provide input suggestions to State-owned companies are expected to pay attention to their financial performance by taking into account the suitability of the level of debt used, the level of liquidity, the return on investment on their assets and the need for the number of members of the audit committee.
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Mesrawati, Mesrawati, Selly Selly, Stefanie Sherlytan, Meliana Natalia Sinaga, and Rosella Apryani Saragih. "The Effect of DAR, CR, ROA and Corporate Governance Mechanism on Financial Distress in BUMN Companies Go Public on Bei Year 2016-2020." Journal Research of Social Science, Economics, and Management 1, no. 7 (February 20, 2022): 954–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.59141/jrssem.v1i7.117.
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Financial distress is a condition of financial difficulties experienced by the company in dealing with its finances. Problems Financial conditions that are not immediately resolved will lead to bankruptcy. Financial difficulties can start from liquidity difficulties (short term), as the lightest sign of financial distress, the worst is bankruptcy. Usually, when examining possible financial difficulties, a financial indicator model is used. These financial indicators are obtained through analysis of financial ratios contained in the company's financial statement information. So This study aims to find out whether there is an effect of Debt To Asset Ratio, Current Ratio, Return On Asset and audit committee on financial distress in BUMN companies that go public on the IDX in 2016-2020 with multiple linear regression data analysis techniques. The population of state-owned companies is 20, selected using purposive sampling so that a sample of 13 companies is obtained with a total of 65 data. Statistic analysis used on this study are classic asumption test, normality test, heteroscedasticity test, multiple linear regression, Hypothesis testing using T-test, F-test and determinant coefficient analysis. The test results show that partially Debt To Asset Ratio and the audit committee have a significant negative effect on financial distress, partially Return On Asset has a positive effect on financial distress while the Current Ratio has no effect on financial distress. Simultaneous test results show that Debt To Asset Ratio, Current Ratio, Return on asset and the audit committee affect financial distress. We provide input suggestions to State-owned companies are expected to pay attention to their financial performance by taking into account the suitability of the level of debt used, the level of liquidity, the return on investment on their assets and the need for the number of members of the audit committee.
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Schniederberend, Maren, Benjamin Fontes, and Rachel Jeffrey. "So You Want to Start an Institutional Biosafety Committee." Applied Biosafety 24, no. 3 (June 12, 2019): 161–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1535676019855465.
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Introduction: The number of institutions engaging in research with potentially biohazardous materials has increased, indicating a need for newly formed Institutional Biosafety Committees (IBCs) in the United States and for similar biorisk management committees located outside the United States. Our institution identified the need for an IBC due to the growth of pertinent activities on campus. Objectives: This article shares our experiences creating a new IBC at our institution from September 2017 to April 2019. Our lessons learned and approaches to the challenges faced may be helpful to others finding themselves with similar needs. Methods: In this case study, we outline IBC membership, documents, relationships with federal agencies and within the institution, creation of registration forms, and the review process. Along with our account, we have included links to helpful resources from federal agencies. Results: At the time of the submission of this article, we have established our IBC and reviewed two registrations. Conclusion: This case report demonstrates the successful creation of an IBC that works for our current institutional needs.
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Rizaldi, Sendy, Sri Rahayu, and Wiwik Tiswiyanti. "Pengaruh audit tenure, reputasi auditor, komite audit dan fee audit terhadap kualitas audit (studi empiris pada perusahaan yang terdaftar di indeks Kompas100 pada BEI Tahun 2012-2016)." Jurnal Paradigma Ekonomika 17, no. 1 (May 9, 2022): 199–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.22437/jpe.v17i1.15307.
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This study examines the influence of audit tenure, auditors' reputation, audit committees, and audit fees on audit quality. Audit quality uses current proxy accruals; while the term is measured by counting the year in which the same auditors have made an engagement with the auditee, the reputation of the auditor is measured by a dummy variable using the big four and non-big four groups of auditors, the audit committee is measured by the percentage amount of the audit committee comparing to the number of commissioners and audit fee measured by professional fees account on the financial statement. The population in this study consists of listed go public firm KOMPAS100 index on Indonesia Stock Exchange in the year 2012-2016. The sampling method used is purposive sampling. The sample's total is 135 from 27 firms over five years of research in this research—multiple regression analysis used to be the analysis technique. The empirical result of this study shows that audit tenure and reputation of the auditor had not significantly influenced audit quality. Meanwhile, the audit committee and audit fee variable positively affect the audit quality.
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Leinen, Jo. "Risk Governance and the Precautionary Principle: Recent Cases in the Environment, Public Health and Food Safety (ENVI) Committee." European Journal of Risk Regulation 3, no. 2 (June 2012): 169–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1867299x00002014.
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As parliamentarians it is our job to represent the people of Europe and to make laws that are in the people's best interest. This sounds simple at a first glance, but it is not as simple when you think about it twice. A law might be in the interest of the people now, because it has known positive effects in the short term. But sometimes the very same law might bear a risk in the long-term, especially for future generations, and sometimes we can't even tell yet how big that risk is. If we would follow a short-sighted approach which only aims at the expected positive effects without taking into account actual and potential adverse effects that might occur in the future, we would act irresponsibly towards the generations of our children and grandchildren. That is why risk governance and the precautionary principle rightfully play a major role in the daily work of the legislator.
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Jin, Jung-Il. "Preface." Pure and Applied Chemistry 83, no. 12 (January 1, 2011): iv. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac20118312iv.
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<div>IUPAC’s vision statement declares that the Union advances the worldwide role of chemistry for the benefit of Mankind. And one of its long-range goals states “IUPAC will utilize its global perspective and network to contribute to the enhancement of chemistry education, the career development of young chemical scientists, and the public appreciation of chemistry”. In pursuit of this spirit, the Union established in 2000 the IUPAC Prize for Young Chemists and has been honoring since then outstanding young research chemists at the beginning of their careers by making annual awards.<br /><br />The prizes are given for the most outstanding Ph.D. theses in the area of the chemical sciences, as described in 1000-word essays. For details, please refer to <http://www.iupac.org/news/prize.html> (IUPAC Prizes for Young Chemists). IUPAC awards up to five prizes annually, each comprising USD 1000 and travel expenses to the next IUPAC Congress.<br /><br />As immediate Past President of IUPAC, I was honored to chair the prize selection committee of eminent chemists, who enjoyed reading essays of 47 applicants from 19 countries. The committee was extremely pleased to note the increase in the number of applicants to 47 from 29 last year. This increase is in excellent accord with IUPAC’s worldwide celebration of the International Year of Chemistry throughout this year. After critical evaluation of the originality and excellence of the essays and research results, the committee decided unanimously to award 2011 Prizes to the following six chemists:<br /><br /><b>Rubén D. Costa</b>, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain: “Theoretical and experimental study of light-emitting electrochemical cells based on ionic transition-metal complexes: From the molecule to the device”<br /><br /><b>William Donald</b>, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA: “Ion nanocalorimetry: Measuring absolute reduction potentials and investigating effects of water on electron solvation and ion fluorescence”<br /><br /><b>Matthew Macauley</b>, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada: “Insight into O-GlcNAc protein modification using chemical and biochemical tools”<br /><br /><b>Bozhi Tian</b>, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA: “Design, synthesis, and characterization of novel nanowire structures for photovoltaics and intracellular probes”<br /><br /><b>Sheng Xu</b>, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA: “Oxide nanowire arrays for energy sciences”<br /><br /><b>Chengqi Yi</b>, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA: “Probing the AlkB family DNA/RNA repair enzymes with a chemical disulphide cross-linking approach”<br /><br />All the awardees were invited to present posters on their research at the 43rd IUPAC World Chemistry Congress, San Juan, Puerto Rico, 30 July-6 August 2011. Upon IUPAC’s invitation, five of the six winners offered review papers on their research topics for consideration as publications in <i>Pure and Applied Chemistry (PAC)</i>. And the five refereed articles appear in this issue of <i>PAC</i>.<br /><br />Finally, it is an honor and a pleasure to congratulate each of the winners and their supervisors for winning the 2011 IUPAC Prize for Young Chemists. It is hoped that each of them will continue to contribute to a bright future for chemical sciences and technologies and to take active roles in IUPAC bodies in the future.<br /><br /><b>Jung-Il Jin</b><br />IUPAC Immediate Past President and Chair of the IUPAC Prize Selection Committee<br /><br /></div>
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Sigit Surahman, Wichitra Yasya, and Hamida Syari Harahap. "VIRTUAL ETHNOGRAPHY STUDY ON INSTAGRAM ACCOUNT @GADINGFESTIVAL AS PROMOTION MEDIA OF FOOD FESTIVAL." Proceedings Of International Conference On Communication Science 2, no. 1 (November 10, 2022): 464–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.29303/iccsproceeding.v2i1.104.
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Technological developments have changed the communication process, including in promotional activities. This study aims to identify the use of Instagram social media as a form of marketing communication and a form of promotion of Sedayu City at a food festival conducted by the Instagram account @gadingfestival. The research uses a qualitative method with a virtual ethnographic approach. In-depth virtual observation revealed that the Gading Festival committee was promoting tourism through the @gadingfestival account by uploading digital posters, photos, videos and photo clips. Of the four forms of digital promotion on the @gadingfestival account, posters are the main promotional tool because posters contain considerable amount of information, including the time and place of the festival, performers, contact numbers that can be contacted and social media that can be traced. The use of social media, especially Instagram, is one of the media that is widely used for food promotion because it can increase public awareness to be able to attend a real place with the help of information from cyberspace. The use of social media is one of the media that is often used for tourism promotion because it can increase public awareness to be able to attend a real place with the help of information from the virtual world.
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Moreau, Nicole. "Preface." Pure and Applied Chemistry 83, no. 1 (January 1, 2011): iv. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac20118301iv.
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This issue of Pure and Applied Chemistry (PAC) is special for several reasons. It is an opportunity for IUPAC to celebrate the inauguration of the International Year of Chemistry 2011 (IYC 2011), so the content departs from the usual conference papers, technical reports, or recommendations, in favor of a collection of articles by past winners of the IUPAC Prize for Young Chemists, from inception of this annual competition in 2000 up to 2009.1 This Prize was created “to encourage outstanding young research scientists at the beginning of their careers”, and has richly fulfilled its founding objectives to recognize young talent, with the award of no less than 46 prizes over the years and honorable mention of many competitors whose excellent contributions did not receive the highest accolade.The declared goals of IYC 2011 are to “increase public appreciation of chemistry in meeting world needs, to encourage an interest in chemistry among young people, and to generate enthusiasm for the creative future of chemistry”. By happy coincidence, 2011 is the 100th anniversary of the Nobel Prize awarded to Marie Curie, and is thus also an opportunity to celebrate the contributions of women to science, and recognize the ongoing challenge of ensuring equal opportunity for all in career development. Most importantly, Marie Curie is an inspirational role model, not only to women but to all young students, and it is altogether fitting that the coming generation of scientists should be closely identified with IYC 2011, since enthusiasm is a defining characteristic of youth.IUPAC recognizes and wholeheartedly undertakes its duty to encourage and support young scientists throughout the world. As a global, scientific, nongovernmental organization, it contributes in a variety of distinctive ways to inspiring and helping young scientists to study and embark upon careers in chemistry. The Prize for Young Chemists is merely one such regular activity which, apart from monetary reward, enables recipients to attend an IUPAC Congress and the opportunity to showcase their achievements in an annual PAC Special Topic collection of invited, peer-reviewed articles, which has generated an outstanding published record since 2002.2In a more recent initiative commencing 2008, IUPAC has allocated a grant to enable economically disadvantaged countries to participate in the annual International Chemistry Olympiad. More generally, IUPAC operates a Financial Support for Conferences program to promote opportunities for young scientists and advanced students, particularly from scientifically emerging regions, to attend selected international conferences. The Young Ambassadors for Chemistry program was established as a partnership between the IUPAC Committee on Chemistry Education and Science Across the World, to facilitate interaction with teachers and students to increase public appreciation for and understanding of chemistry.An important feature of ongoing IUPAC strategy is to familiarize younger scientists with Union activities, and attendant opportunities for service to the international community. The Affiliate Membership Program was established in the 1980s to encourage individuals with an interest in IUPAC activities to sustain a direct relationship with the Union. Additional incentives to developing and economically disadvantaged countries include certain numbers of free affiliate memberships for young chemists. In a complementary initiative, the Young Observers Program sponsors young scientists to attend IUPAC General Assemblies and to participate as observers in selected activities and deliberations by invitation.The passage of IYC 2011 will be marked by a rich international program of activities, in which IUPAC features prominently in three cornerstone events, namely, the formal launch and closing, and the 43rd IUPAC Congress. The latter event will take place in San Juan, Puerto Rico on 30 July to 7 August 2011,3 and offers additional incentives for young scientists to attend and participate in a unique international celebration of chemistry.4 The winners of the 2010 and 2011 Prize for Young Chemists will attend as active delegates, and the award ceremony will have special significance in perpetuating a tradition that recognizes the hand of youth in shaping the future of chemistry.This issue of PAC pays its own tribute to the many brilliant young scientists who have been recognized by the Prize for Young Chemists jury over the past 10 years. We are grateful to those who accepted the invitation to contribute to this special collection, fittingly subtitled “Perspectives and Challenges for the International Year of Chemistry”. It is hoped that the contents will inspire and enthuse readers with fascinating insights into new and emerging aspects of chemical sciences. I am very honored to have had the opportunity to write this Preface, and thereby to congratulate all prize winners, past and present, and wish them fulfilling and successful careers, driven by enthusiasm and belief in the great future of our discipline.Nicole MoreauIUPAC President1 The works of the 2010 winners feature in the December 2010 issue of PAC, http://www.iupac.org/publications/pac/82/12/.2 The full archival record of the Young Chemists’ Prize Collections can be accessed at http://www.iupac.org/publications/pac/special/.3 Consult http://www.iupac2011.org/ for details about the 43rd IUPAC Congress.4 Details of award programs targeted to encourage young chemist’s participation at the 43rd IUPAC Congress in Puerto Rico are available at http://www.iupac.org/web/nt/2010-11-05_43_Congress.
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FISCHER-LESCANO, ANDREAS. "Struggles for a global Internet constitution: protecting global communication structures against surveillance measures." Global Constitutionalism 5, no. 2 (June 24, 2016): 145–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s204538171600006x.
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Abstract:In 2014, the UN Human Rights Committee published its Concluding Observations on the United States’ fourth periodic report on the progress of the implementation of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (UN Doc CCPR/C/SR/3061), in which also the US surveillance practices are criticised. The Committee’s insistence on the right to privacy and its exterritorial effect is an important first step, but it is not comprehensive, as by remaining within the individual rights framework the UN Human Rights Committee fails to sufficiently take into account the systemic challenges in play. Developing a constitution of the Internet would necessitate not only protecting individual fundamental rights against state interference, but protecting communicative spheres by guaranteeing institutional autonomies and subjecting all social spheres to democratic control; this also requires opening up spaces for a critical public, including whistleblowers, and establishing a right to cryptography – a crucial refraction in the polycentric panoptic schema.
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Jõesaar, Andres. "The Winding Road on the Media Landscape." VIEW Journal of European Television History and Culture 6, no. 11 (September 22, 2017): 113. http://dx.doi.org/10.18146/2213-0969.2017.jethc128.
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This article aims to explore the ways in which Estonian broadcasting (with a focus on television) tackled the challenges of transforming from a monopolistic party propaganda machine into a modern dual media system in which public service broadcasting and newly created private enterprises coexist; and how this process evolved in a small post-communist country. This article argues that the Estonian government’s ‘idealisation’ of market forces supported by the European Union media policy, which is driven by common market ideology, did not take into account the market’s limitations and media companies’ actual capability to provide a large range of media services. The research methodology is based on an analysis of EU media policy documents, Estonian media legislation, the protocols of the Cultural Affairs Committee of the Parliament of Estonia, protocols of the broadcasters’ licensing committee at the Ministry of Culture and the broadcasters’ annual reports from the period 1992 - 2015. The article analyses the key trends in Estonian media development and policymaking during the last 25 years.
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Henderson, Jo. "Let the people speak – The Community Programmes Unit 1972–2002." Critical Studies in Television: The International Journal of Television Studies 17, no. 1 (March 2022): 46–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/17496020211063092.
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Fifty years ago, the controller of BBC 2, (now Sir) David Attenborough supported an initiative to expand the range of voices and opinions on the BBC through a specialist Community Programmes Unit (CPU). The Unit formed in 1972, a time when the function of broadcasting was subjected to intense public scrutiny in the run-up to the delayed Annan Committee, which finally reported in 1977. Using archival sources, this article builds on the limited literature on the CPU to provide a fuller account of the content it created, the contexts it used and the challenges it faced in its 30-year duration.
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Sudjito, Sudjito. "Maladministration In Land Acquisition Of Public Interest (Case Study: Solo-Yogyakarta Highway Project)." Jurnal Dinamika Hukum 23, no. 1 (April 28, 2023): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.20884/1.jdh.2023.23.1.3436.
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This study aims to analyze the maladministration of land acquisition for the public interest (Case study: Solo-Yogyakarta Toll Road). This type of research is juridical-normative. The nature of the research: descriptive-qualitative, meaning that it provides an overview of the problem/object being studied. The data studied were limited to secondary data. Sources of data: documents, archives, previous research results, and other validated sources. Data analysis was carried out through the following stages: data reduction, data display, data processing, and data meaning. Conclusions are drawn inductively. The results of the study show: (1). It is true that there has been maladministration in land acquisition. The committee has carried out deceitful practice, namely the practice of lying or being dishonest to the public regarding the contents of the regulation, as well as the assessment of compensation; (2). In the practice of providing compensation for non-physical components, it is not discussed, and is not taken into account, so that the amount of compensation is low; (3). The former holders of land rights feel very disadvantaged because non-physical compensation which includes: moving costs, solatium, PPAT fees, BPHTB fees, and waiting interest expenses, are not taken into account. In fact, these costs are the rights of the people affected by the land acquisition. In order to buy replacement land or move, they had to pay for it themselves.Keywords: Maladministration, compensation, land acquisition
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Levy, L. B. "Dietary strategies, policy and cardiovascular disease risk reduction in England." Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 72, no. 4 (July 10, 2013): 386–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0029665113001328.
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Diet-related chronic diseases are major public health concerns in England and the associated costs to the National Health Service and society are considerable. Poor diet and other lifestyle factors are estimated to account for about one-third of all deaths from CVD in England. UK dietary recommendations were set by the Committee on Medical Aspects of Food Policy and are now set by the Scientific Advisory Committee on Nutrition. For cardiovascular health, dietary recommendations are set for nutrients (saturated fat, trans-fat and carbohydrates), foods (fruits, vegetables and oily fish) and salt. The National Diet and Nutrition Survey demonstrates that the majority of the UK population have poor diets. Average intakes of saturated fat and salt are above recommendations while fruit, vegetables, fibre and oily fish are below recommendations. The Department of Health in England is committed to working to improve diet and lifestyle. Current work includes the Public Health Responsibility Deal, under which organisations pledge to increase fruits and vegetables and reduce levels of salt, trans-fat and energy in manufactured foods and menus, the provision of information to help improve food choice through better food labels and provision of information, including a NHS Choices website and the social marketing campaign Change4Life.
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Jain, Puneet, Danielle Andrade, Elizabeth Donner, David Dyment, Asuri N. Prasad, Sharan Goobie, Kym Boycott, Matthew Lines, and O. Carter Snead. "Development of Criteria for Epilepsy Genetic Testing in Ontario, Canada." Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques 46, no. 1 (November 13, 2018): 7–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cjn.2018.341.
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AbstractMultiple genes/variants have been implicated in various epileptic conditions. However, there is little general guidance available on the circumstances in which genetic testing is indicated and test selection in order to guide optimal test appropriateness and benefit. This is an account of the development of guidelines for genetic testing in epilepsy, which have been developed in Ontario, Canada. The Genetic Testing Advisory Committee was established in Ontario to review the clinical utility and validity of genetic tests and the provision of genetic testing in Ontario. As part of their mandate, the committee also developed recommendations and guidelines for genetic testing in epilepsy. The recommendations include mandatory prerequisites for an epileptology/geneticist/clinical biochemical geneticist consultation, prerequisite diagnostic procedures, circumstances in which genetic testing is indicated and not indicated and guidance for selection of genetic tests, including their general limitations and considerations. These guidelines represent a step toward the development of evidence-based gene panels for epilepsy in Ontario, the repatriation of genetic testing for epilepsy into Ontario molecular genetic laboratories and public funding of genetic tests for epilepsy in Ontario.
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Skopa, V. A. "Features of Day-Long Statistic Campaigns in the Late 19th and Early 20th Century (Based on the Materials of Western Siberia and the Steppe Territory)." Izvestiya of Altai State University, no. 3(113) (June 30, 2020): 58–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.14258/izvasu(2020)3-09.
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Based on archival material and published documents, the article identifies the features of day-long censuses in the territorial borders of Western Siberia and (the Steppe territory in the late 19th — early 20th centuries).
Taking into account regional specifics, a comprehensive analysis was made for individual census campaigns in such cities as Tomsk, Omsk, and Semipalatinsk. Their features have been considered in the development of the statistic forms, the organization of the counters, working mechanisms.
The first complete processing of the received material was the day-long census of Omsk, conducted in 1877. A systematic, methodologically developed statistic campaign, taking into account the achievements of the theory and practice of statistical science, was the daylong census of Tomsk in 1880. In administrative terms, the provincial statistic Committee played a significant role in this event. Based on the sources, it was revealed that the day-long campaign of Semipalatinsk in 1882 received broad public involvement in the implementation of statistical works under the control of the regional statistic Committee. It is shown in a comprehensive manner that the designated measures had disadvantages, which were manifested in the organizational and technical part. There was little explanation of the census tasks among the population, and the census staff was not always ready for the upcoming work, many forms in the census forms were not understood by the enumerators, they did not know what to do.
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Garant, Patrice. "Les techniques actuelles de contrôle démocratique et de participation aux choix énergétiques généraux au Québec." Les Cahiers de droit 24, no. 4 (April 12, 2005): 795–830. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/042571ar.
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Techniques of democratic control and public participation in general energy choices have recently been the concern of many, especially in Quebec. Firstly, over the last ten years, the Parliamentary Committee on Energy and Resources has been the forum of important debates and serious discussions. Members of the National Assembly have been able to follow to a certain extent the rapid evolution of energy policies and to articulate the concerns of the general public. Those responsible for Crown corporations (Hydro, SOQUIP) have had to account for their projects and to report regularly. Through public hearings, various economic agents have had the opportunity to present their views on many occasions. The second important technique, the use of an indépendant regulatory agency, in this case, the Quebec Gas and Energy Board, with a rather limited jurisdiction, has been the centre of discussions. Some see in that formula an adequate channel of public participation ; others have some hesitation about accepting the broadening of the role of an indépendant regulatory agency, where important issues have to be dealt between the Minister and major Crown corporations.
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Murbasari, MG Thesa Deta, and Lego Karjoko. "The Mechanism of Establishing Compensation in Land Procurement of the Construction of the Kulon Progo Yogyakarta Solo Toll Road in Klaten District." IJRAEL: International Journal of Religion Education and Law 1, no. 2 (December 22, 2022): 135–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.57235/ijrael.v1i2.140.
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This journal examines how compensation is determined for land acquisition for toll road construction in Klaten Regency. Instead, the amount of compensation must be decided through deliberations between the land acquisition committee and the party entitled to it. Because they are considered not to care about justice, there are still many people who do not agree with the amount of compensation given. Based on Law Number 2 of 2012 concerning Land Acquisition for Development in the Public Interest and the Indonesian Appraisal Standard, the price of land for public use is determined by the appraisal team by taking into account physical and non-physical values. This study uses empirical research methods with a focus on descriptive research. Research finding is that there are still many people who do not agree with the amount of compensation given and provide justification to the local District Court, resulting in delays in payment of compensation.
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Acosta, Joie D., Lane Burgette, Anita Chandra, David P. Eisenman, Ingrid Gonzalez, Danielle Varda, and Lea Xenakis. "How Community and Public Health Partnerships Contribute to Disaster Recovery and Resilience." Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness 12, no. 5 (February 1, 2018): 635–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/dmp.2017.130.
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AbstractObjectiveTo summarize ways that networks of community-based organizations (CBO), in partnership with public health departments, contribute to community recovery from disaster.MethodsThe study was conducted using an online survey administered one and 2 years after Hurricane Sandy to the partnership networks of 369 CBO and the New York Department of Health and Mental Hygiene. The survey assessed the structure and durability of networks, how they were influenced by storm damage, and whether more connected networks were associated with better recovery outcomes.ResultsDuring response and recovery, CBOs provide an array of critical public health services often outside their usual scope. New CBO partnerships were formed to support recovery, particularly in severely impacted areas. CBOs that were more connected to other CBOs and were part of a long-term recovery committee reported greater impacts on the community; however, a partnership with the local health department was not associated with recovery impacts.ConclusionCBO partners are flexible in their scope of services, and CBO partnerships often emerge in areas with the greatest storm damage, and subsequently the greatest community needs. National policies will advance if they account for the dynamic and emergent nature of these partnerships and their contributions, and clarify the role of government partners. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2018;12:635–643)
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Biçer, Mustafa. "Evaluate the existing political oversight role of Turkish parliament over the public finance and in this context analyzed the new Turkish Presidential Government System." Journal of Human Sciences 16, no. 3 (July 13, 2019): 746–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.14687/jhs.v16i3.5666.
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Turkey changed its 1982 Constitution and adopted a presidential form of government in 2017. This constitutional amendment changed the approval of the budget radically. Along with that, debates may arise in terms of political responsibility for not approved the budget by the Parliament, how the budget will accepted when the president and majority of the Parliament are from different party, and there is not any mechanism being in classical presidential system as public account committee to enhance parliamentary supervision over the executive branch.In this study,- we deliberate the concept of political power in representative democracy in terms of public decision-making and resource allocation process and then we analyze the existing political oversight role of Turkish Parliament over the public finance on the basis of democratic legitimacy of public decision-making process and political accountability. - we focus on oversight role of Turkish Parliament over the public finance at the point of using "power of purse after the Constitutional Amendment adopted on April 16, 2017. Within the context of this analysis, the new constitutional structure of Parliament's budget approval and audit process in Turkish Parliament was evaluated.
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Mamkina, Inna N. "The Socio-Cultural Aspect of the Siberian Railway Committee's Activities." Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta, no. 468 (2021): 139–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/15617793/468/15.
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The article draws attention to the sociocultural aspect of the Siberian Railway Committee's activities in the early twentieth century. Historiographic analysis showed a research interest in the status of the Committee in the context of the organization of management of the Russian Empire's Eastern outskirts. Taking into account the broad powers of the Siberian Railway Committee, the author notes isolated studies of the social aspect in its activities. The aim of this publication is an attempt to create a holistic view of the activities of the Committee for the implementation of social tasks aimed at improving the life of railway employees at the TransBaikal section of the railway in the early twentieth century. The study was conducted on the basis of the documentation of the Siberian Railway Committee. A number of documents are introduced into scholarly discourse for the first time. Based on the structural and functional approach, using a set of historical research methods, it has been revealed that, after the commissioning of the Trans-Baikal section of the Siberian Railway, considerable attention was paid to solve sociocultural problems aimed at improving the life of railway employees. The preparatory commission chaired by A.N. Kulomzina and the Main School Committee implemented social programs. The author has defined the procedure for the formation of the committee, its structure, and principles of its activity. For the first time, personal data of the school committee's members elected on the Trans-Baikal Railway are introduced into scholarly discourse. The information of the committee's activities of the opening and maintenance of primary schools at railway stations has been summarized. The obtained statistics convincingly prove the effectiveness of the committee in the field of school education. The author notes that the Siberian Railway Committee achieved a very successful development of the school network by applying administrative and financial efforts. The author, for the first time, provides data on the organization of libraries and public convocations for the employees on the Trans-Baikal Railway. She draws attention to the organization of medical care for the employees; establishes the organization order and types of medical institutions; generalizes information about the staff of hospitals and obstetric centers, and the number of patients. The author concludes that the Siberian Railway Committee had an organized and balanced approach to solving sociocultural problems that occupied an important place in its activities. The Siberian Railway Committee's social programs in a number of areas were ahead of those of other government departments.