Academic literature on the topic 'Pubblica amministrazione (PA)'

The choices of the Public Administration (PA), the needs of the territory, the policies for the local economic development, the use of public funding constitute an inseparable combination aimed at creating development opportunities and therefore also to create work for the collectivity. In the current period characterized by globalization, the competitiveness of a territory can be facilitated by a PA responding to the needs of the time, that is, a real production organization capable of responding concretely, assuming a strategic role in the implementation of the development measures indicated in the economic planning tools and in the management of a large amount of public financial resources. In fact, the NRRP considers as a priority both the modernization of the Public Administration (PA) and the strengthening of the administrative capacity of the public sector, with the goal of engaging and spending the available financial resources with participatory and shared projects where the public-private partnership assumes a strategic role. Le scelte della Pubblica Amministrazione (PA), le necessità del territorio, le politiche per lo sviluppo economico locale, l’impiego dei finanziamenti pubblici costituiscono un connubio inscindibile finalizzato a creare opportunità di sviluppo e quindi di lavoro per la collettività. Nell’attuale periodo caratterizzato dalla globalizzazione, la competitività di un territorio potrà essere agevolata da una PA rispondente alle necessità del tempo, cioè una vera e propria organizzazione produttiva in grado di rispondere concretamente, assumendo un ruolo strategico nell’attuazione delle misure di sviluppo indicate negli strumenti di programmazione economica e nella gestione di un ingente quantità di risorse finanziarie pubbliche. Infatti, il PNRR reputa prioritaria sia la modernizzazione della Pubblica Amministrazione, sia il rafforzamento della capacità amministrativa del settore pubblico, con l’obiettivo di impegnare e spendere le risorse finanziarie disponibili con progetti partecipati e condivisi dove il partenariato pubblico-privato assume un ruolo strategico. È evidente quindi che programmare lo sviluppo dei territori e definire le modalità di utilizzo dei finanziamenti pubblici sia una funzione che coinvolge le Istituzioni pubbliche, a seconda delle rispettive competenze legislative, dal livello europeo rappresentato dall’Unione Europea fino ad arrivare a livello statale, regionale e lo- cale rappresentato dal Comune. È con questo approccio che il paper prova a dare un input centrando l’attenzione sul ruolo strategico delle Istituzioni, sia di livello locale che quelle sovraordinate, sia sulla necessità di conoscere gli strumenti di programmazione economica, al fine di comprendere quali tipologie progettuali mettere in atto utilizzando e ottimizzando i relativi finanziamenti pubblici messi a disposizione.

L’articolo prende in esame il ruolo delle biblioteche ed in particolare delle biblioteche digitali nell’ambito del processo di trasformazione digitale della Pubblica Amministrazione (PA). Dopo aver tracciato il quadro di riferimento dei principi, delle strategie, dei servizi e delle infrastrutture che caratterizzano il contesto europeo e quello italiano, vengono richiamate alcune delle criticità del processo nel nostro Paese e sono esaminate le relazioni tra i piani di trasformazione digitale e le biblioteche enucleando i contributi che il contesto bibliotecario può offrire, le ricadute che le linee di azione di questa trasformazione hanno sui servizi digitali delle biblioteche e alcune carenze che richiedono sviluppi e investimenti. Questi tre assi di riferimento meritano un adeguato e serio approfondimento con i soggetti istituzionali interessati e con l’Associazione italiana biblioteche (AIB), poiché consentono di attivare azioni volte a favorire la crescita delle competenze digitali, a potenziare i servizi esistenti e a sviluppare nuovi servizi per i cittadini che richiedono l’impegno di personale professionalmente qualificato, prospettando ricadute positive sul mondo del lavoro e offrendo l’opportunità di attivare sinergie tra il settore pubblico e le imprese.

Italy has recently progressed in the aggregate DESI rank of the EU Digital Agendas, but remains a laggard member state for e-government, because of its critical digital public services. Owing to the scarcity of micro and territorial data, this work examines the main stylised facts, and interprets them with a transdisciplinary theoretical framework. On the one hand, we find that the digital delay of the Italian Public Administration (PA) is rooted in a peculiar mix of institutional obstacles, such as the legalistic juridical culture, normative chaos, political instability and patronage: these factors dampen the clarification and simplification of processes and the back-office, required by e-government to be effective. On the other hand, we posit that hiring policies and those of austerity (block of the personnel turnover in the PA) have increasingly lowered the quantity and quality of the digital public services. These policies may have created an original case of technological adoption disconnected from the necessary investment in human capital and organization of the PA (inadequate e-government supply). Finally, this work, while calling for a further appraisal of this policy case, recalls the deficit of statistics and open Government data which harm the study of the Digital Agenda of Italy.

L'articolo sintetizza le ragioni alla base del fallimento delle riforme delle pubbliche amministrazioni intraprese da diversi governi in Italia negli ultimi 20 anni. Successivamente, l'autore sviluppa una proposta, di prima approssimazione, delle linee portanti per una strategia e un progetto di trasformazione delle PA. Al centro della proposta c'č una visione d'insieme, un'idea di fondo, che integra in un disegno coerente le idee guida fondamentali e le linee di azione operativa; alla luce della visione generale, i diversi aspetti di taglio piů operativo non sono posti in sequenza come passaggi di un percorso, ma sono connessi da relazioni di tipo circolare, complementaritŕ e reciproca rispondenza. Alla realizzazione di questa visione sono funzionali interventi coordinati che si possono raggruppare sotto una serie di profili come: gestione della transizione, perimetro e rete istituzionale, strutture e risorse, regole, innovazione. Si prospetta quindi un sistema di amministrazioni piů snello, capace di economizzare il diretto impiego di risorse rispetto all'attuale, ma anche aperto, attento al governo delle reti che vedono una fitta connessione di attori nei processi da cui dipendono gli esiti delle fondamentali politiche pubbliche (welfare, beni culturali, educazione e formazione, sicurezza, ecc.).

Le informazioni di interesse pubblico, comprese quelle che spiegano l’uso di procedure e servizi pubblici digitalizzati, dovrebbero essere progettate e realizzate secondo un’ottica user centered e comunque tenendo conto delle esigenze e delle conoscenze dei destinatari. Quando poi i bisogni informativi siano quelli di immigrati presenti da poco tempo sul territorio, si deve tenere conto che questi utenti sono portatori della esigenza primaria di conoscere le norme, le procedure e i servizi pubblici disponibili nel paese ospitante.Proprio a queste attività di progettazione rivolte agli studenti è dedicato il presente contributo, nel quale sarà illustrato il laboratorio condotto in una scuola superiore di Prato nell’ambito del progetto TEAMS (Tuscany Empowerment Actions for Migrant System). Il progetto, tra le proprie azioni, comprende anche quelle che hanno il fine di realizzare degli interventi partecipativi per la semplificazione dei contenuti del Portale web della Regione Toscana “PAeSI – Pubblica Amministrazione e Stranieri Immigrati”. Legal language and young people: the experience of simplified content design workshops for PA online texts Public information, including information explaining the use of digitized public procedures and services, should be designed and implemented from a user-centered perspective and in any case taking into account the needs and knowledge of the recipients.When the information needs are those of recently-settled migrants, it should be taken into account that these users carry the primary need to know rules, procedures and public services available in the host country.It is precisely to these planning activities aimed at students that this paper is dedicated, in which the workshop conducted in a high school in Prato, as part of the TEAMS (Tuscany Empowerment Actions for Migrant System) project, will be illustrated. The project activities also include those aimed at implementing participatory actions to simplify the contents of the Tuscany Region website “PAeSI - Public Administration and Immigrant Foreigners”.

1. Consiglio di Stato 27.8.2010 n. 6002 - permesso di soggiorno - diniego di rinnovo per mancanza di attivitŕ lavorativa - accoglimento del ricorso in 1° grado per mancata comunicazione preavviso di rigetto - appello della Amministrazione dello Stato - prospettata pericolositŕ sociale dello straniero - integrazione in giudizio della motivazione - giudizio di pericolositŕ sociale basato su comportamenti.2. Tribunale amministrativo regionale Emilia Romagna 6.6.2008 n. 2343 - permesso di soggiorno - diniego di rinnovo per mancanza di passaporto - necessitŕ ai fini del rinnovo del titolo di soggiorno - esclusione; permesso di soggiorno - titolo valido ai fini identificativi. SCHEDA di Nazzarena Zorzella.3. Tribunale amministrativo regionale Lazio 23.4.2010 n. 8253 - visto d'ingresso per turismo - istruttoria finalizzata a comprovare lo scopo del viaggio ed i mezzi di sussistenza nonché il rientro in patria - necessitŕ - onere probatorio assolto - illegittimitŕ del diniego; rigetto dell'istanza risarcitoria pur in presenza di pregiudiziale amministrativa - difetto di prova.4. Tribunale amministrativo regionale Lombardia 24.9.2010 n. 6461 - permesso di soggiorno per assistenza minore (art. 31, co. 3 TU n. 286/98) - titolo idoneo per il riconoscimento dello status di soggiornante CE di lungo periodo - tipologia di permesso non ricompresa tra quelle escluse ex art. 9 TU n. 286/98 5. Tribunale amministrativo regionale Lazio 3.11.2010 n. 33121 - richiesta di accesso agli atti inerente i propri rilievi dattiloscopici (impronte digitali) - rifiuto della PA per adombrate ragioni di tutela dell'interesse e della sicurezza pubblica - mancata valutazione del diritto di difesa - riconoscimento giudiziale del diritto di accesso; diritto della persona a cui si riferiscono i rilievi dattiloscopici di accedere agli atti ad esso relativi - insuscettibilitŕ del diritto a minacciare l'ordine e la sicurezza pubblica. SCHEDA di Guido Savio.

This thesis intends to be a critical reflection on the digitization of the acquisition procedures of goods and services, which European policies are aimed to facilitate in order to foster economic revival on both the national and the Community level. Many different reasons make us wonder if it isn't appropriate to introduce a digitized public tender procedure in national and Community legislation. The Community’s economic and cultural policies have influenced national legislation by steering them towards the creation of an organic and unified set of rules for public tender. Specifically, economic goals such as the realization of a Single Market based on the principle of competition, can be considered essential with regard to acquisition of goods and services. As a matter of fact, the EU policies are intended to identify public tender as a strategic means for market revival and renewed competitiveness between enterprises, so to have a positive effect on the current economic crisis. Given the amount of financial resources connected to the Public Procurement Code, it is the economic crisis itself that calls for rationalization of public expenditure on acquisitions, which has been an ever more consolidated policy in the past few years, also by national government. This essay will focus on the growing importance of the Community, in particular on its economic policy and its influence over national regulations. The pursuit of the primary objective of European policies - the realization of a Single Market - is the decisive factor in the shift in function of contemporary public tendering from an exclusively national economic matter into a strategic means for the competitiveness of enterprises in the Single Market. This new function and its subsequent use in the public procurement in a broader framework are major factors in undermining the Italian traditional acquisition procedures which identifies the local authority as the fundamental body for the procurement procedures. The change from local to global perspective made it necessary to reflect on the convenience of an evolution in the acquisition dynamics developed in the late 2000s. In fact, faced with the same economic problems and urged on by the EU, the Italian government has established a centralized digital purchasing system, the Consip model of 3 the electronic market, which has been able to provide an immediate response to the issue of expenditure rationalization by streamlining and simplifying procedures. Through the development of the information society, the European Union points at building a renewed relationship between institutions and citizens, based on the exchange of data in a new perspective of collaboration and simplification of procedures. The need to coordinate the technological tools with traditional institutions of administrative law implies the need to modernize the previous administrative structure both in terms of technological means and in terms of computer literacy for the operators. To this effect the Italian government has established appropriate institutions such as the AIPA, DigitPa and, most recently, the Agency for digital Italy. The mere creation of a digitized administration in which digital technologies are not only a support tool, but also a way to coordinate and redefine the administration itself, requires the analysis of its underlying principles and of some institutions of the administrative digitization procedure. Though the CONSIP system and the electronic market are generally considered to be acquisition procedures, they can't be traced back to the classical notion of administrative procedure. For this reason the analysis of the principles on which the digital administration is based has led us to reflect on their possible application to the procedure of public tender. Given the specific nature of the purchasing process it would be superfluous to create a new set of rules specifically for public tendering, as it can be covered by the current regulation of the digital administration. So even if at first glance there don't seem to exist specific guidelines for the digitization of the acquisition procedures, these can be deducted from the existing regulations of the industry and the Digital Administration Code (DAC). Furthermore, the development of a completely digitized procedure would allow us to better respond to economic needs in the current time of crisis. Technological tools not only save time and money, they can also open the market to more competitors, ultimately resulting in national and global economic revival. This revival will also result from a reduction of the type corruption that is typical of public tender, because the use of a digital procedure will render the expenditure of public money more transparent and easier to control.

2017 - 2018
Objective: The thesis focuses on the concept of Open Government Data (OGD) as a new approach to the management of public administrations (Pereira et al., 2017; Wang and Lo, 2016; Zuiderwijk and Janssen, 2014; Attard et al., 2015; Chan, 2013), based on the use of technologies for data treatment capable of favoring the affirmation of logics characterized by transparency, citizens’ involvement and participation in the processes, activities and services of the public sector (Dawes et al., 2016; Gonzalez-Zapata and Heeks, 2015; Ubaldi, 2013; Shadbolt et al., 2012). In particular, the objective of the work is to deepen the aspects and conditions enabling the management of Public Administration (PA) according to the OGD, as well as the impact of this approach on the quality of the public service provided to the community. The choice to carry out this study arises from the consideration according to which in literature, to date, there is no organic nucleus of empirical research aimed at investigating the stimulating factors of the ODG and the concrete effects on the public service quality resulting from the implementation of such an approach in public administrations. Methodology: The work starts from the analysis of the state of the art dedicated to the methods of conducting public administrations. Specifically, through a chronological excursus, the main approaches to the management of the PA (such as the Bureaucratic Model, New Public Management, New Public Governance, New Public Service, Open Government) were analyzed to represent the paradigmatic evolution leading to the affirmation of the OGD. The most important aspects (constructs) emerging from the analysis of the literature were further investigated to verify the existence of possible relations of influence between them. To this end, for each of the identified constructs, several items were selected for the construction of a questionnaire, administered to a sample of 567 Italian citizens. The results emerged from the answers provided by the citizens allowed defining and testing a Structural Equation Model (SEM), aimed at providing empirical evidences about the facilitating aspects of the OGD and the effects of its adoption within the PA in terms of public service quality for the community. Results: The findings highlight the existence of some crucial aspects, sometimes undervalued within the PA, which should be taken into account for the proper management of public administrations according to the logic of the OGD, especially in a historical moment characterized by an increasingly felt need to manage huge amounts of data in a transparent, participatory and collaborative way. In particular, according to the results of the analysis, it is necessary to encourage the dissemination of data-driven culture at every level of society so that citizens can take advantage of the benefits deriving from a thoughtful adoption of the ODG in the PA. Implications: The work provides both theoretical and managerial implications. From a purely theoretical point of view, the thesis offers its contribution under a twofold profile: methodological and conceptual. Regarding the first aspect, the study brings to light the results obtained by testing a SEM, which represents a methodology particularly appreciated for the analysis of data in the social sciences (Hair et al., 2016; Kline, 2015), especially since it allows verifying the interrelations between latent (not directly measurable) variables (Heck and Thomas, 2015; Duncan, 2014); with regard to the conceptual profile, the thesis favors the enrichment of the literature through the analysis of an approach to company management in a sector in which the studies in this regard are still fragmented. Regarding managerial implications, the identification of the most incisive aspects in managing public administration according to the Open Government Data provides policy makers and public sector executives with valuable information for the development of policies and strategies capable of improving the quality of the service rendered to citizens. In particular, the usefulness of the thesis should be seen in the fact that, through an empirical analysis, the work offers ideas to optimize the allocation of human, economic, technological and temporal resources. In other words, in presence of limited resources, as traditionally occurs in the public sector, knowing the aspects toward which investment should be opportunely directed could generate a considerable advantage for public domain services’ recipients. Research limitations: The study follows a quantitative approach based on the test of a Structural Equation Model, defined through the administration of questionnaires. The choice to resort to questionnaires, if on the one hand allowed building a large sample (made up of over 500 citizens), on the other hand reduced the depth of the analysis, since it prevented from investigating with high degree of detail the thought of each citizen involved in the sample survey. For this reason, the thesis takes shape as a starting point for a future research project to be carried out by using additional qualitative and quantitative methods, to be applied by means of both traditional (such as interviews) and innovative (such as social media analytics) techniques. [edited by author]
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