Relevant bibliographies by topics / PTX

Academic literature on the topic 'PTX'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 11 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "PTX"

1

Ito, Ichiaki, Abdelrahman M. G. Yousef, Princess A. Dickson, Keith F. Fournier, Natalie Wall Fowlkes, and John Paul Y. C. Shen. "Antitumor activity of intraperitoneal (IP) paclitaxel to mucinous appendiceal adenocarcinoma in orthotopic patient-derived xenograft model." Journal of Clinical Oncology 41, no. 4_suppl (February 1, 2023): 151. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2023.41.4_suppl.151.

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151 Background: Appendiceal adenocarcinomas (AAs) are a rare and heterogeneous mix of tumors for which only few preclinical models exist for drug discovery. These tumors are commonly treated with chemotherapy like those for colorectal cancer despite clear evidence that the two cancers are distinctly different in their clinical behavior and molecular profiles. Taxanes such as paclitaxel (PTX) and docetaxel have been used in the systemic treatment of gastric cancer with peritoneal metastases. IP administration of PTX has been considered a promising treatment for eliminating peritoneal metastasis, as IP delivery of PTX can attain a higher drug exposure in the peritoneal cavity with reduced systemic toxicity because of high local concentrations over a long period of time due to its hydrophobic property. The purpose of this study was to test the efficacy of IP PTX treatment in orthotopic AA PDX models. Methods: AA tumors TM00351, PMP-2 and PMCA-3 were implanted in the peritoneal cavity of NSG mice. PDX models were treated with PTX (6.25, 12.5 or 25.0 mg/kg, IP) with weekly (3 weekly treatments and 1 week off, for two cycles) or biweekly (biweekly treatments for up to 12 weeks) schedule. The peritoneal tumor burden was monitored by MRI. Solid tumor size was evaluated by modified peritoneal Response Evaluation Criteria In Solid Tumors (mpRECIST) method using ImageJ software and mucinous tumor volume was quantified by OsiriX Lite software. Results: TM00351, taken from a high-grade tumor (Grade 3), formed mucin-rich solid tumors with mucinous ascites. PDX models PMP-2 (Grade 2) and PMCA-3 (Grade 3), both with GNASR201C mutation, had a mucinous phenotype similar to GNAS mutant appendiceal tumors in humans. Weekly 25.0 mg/kg of IP PTX treatment reduced AA tumor growth of TM00351 (77.9% reduction vs. control), PMP-2 (98.6% reduction vs. control), and PMCA-3 (85.6% reduction vs. control). Similarly, biweekly 25.0 mg/kg of IP PTX treatment was effective on PMCA-3 (66.2% reduction vs. control). Survival of PMCA-3 PDX mice was significantly improved by 12.5 mg/kg (p=0.0254, log-rank test) and 25.0 mg/kg (p=0.0038) of IP PTX. At 25.0 mg/kg IP PTX treatment induced 12.0% body weight loss of PMCA-3 PDX mice 1 week after the treatment. Lower doses of IP PTX treatment, 6.25 and 12.5 mg/kg, did not induce significant body weight loss or any noticeable adverse effects on mice. Comparing the efficacy of IV to IP administration, neither 6.25 or 12.5 mg/kg of IV PTX reduced growth of PMCA-3, 25.0 mg/kg of IV PTX was lethal to mice shortly after administration. Conclusions: IP PTX is a therapeutically active for mucinous AA tumors.
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2

Kim, Gunzung, Imran Ashraf, Jeongsook Eom, and Yongwan Park. "Optimal Path Configuration with Coded Laser Pilots for Charging Electric Vehicles Using High Intensity Laser Power Beams." Applied Sciences 11, no. 9 (April 23, 2021): 3826. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11093826.

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Wireless power transmission (WPT) for wireless charging has been gaining wide attention as a promising approach to miniaturizing the battery size and increasing the maximal total range of an electric vehicle (EV). With an appropriate charging infrastructure, WPT holds great potential to accelerate the acceptance of EVs through users’ higher satisfaction, reducing EV cost, and increasing the driving range and capability. A WPT system based on high-intensity laser power beaming (HILPB) provides an optimal solution for wirelessly charging electric vehicles from a distance of several meters. Despite a large number of WPT approaches, the problem of optimal path configuration for charging EV remains an unexplored area. This paper proposes a method to determine the optimal power transmission path in environments where multiple power transmitters (PTXs) and power receivers (PRXs) are operated simultaneously. To this end, we modeled the HILPB power that reaches a PRX equipped with a photovoltaic (PV) array and validated the model by simulating the WPT process in an environment with multiple PTXs and PRXs using a direct-sequence optical code division multiple access (DS-OCDMA) system. In the simulation environment, upon receiving a request from a PRX, a PTX sent its power channel information through optically encoded laser pulses using each available wireless power channel (WPC). The PRX calculated the maximum deliverable power of a PTX and WPC based on the received channel power indicator of the incident laser beam. Based on the calculation results, it selected the optimal PTX and WPC for its maximum power requirement (MPQ). The MPQ of each PRX was satisfied by applying the algorithm for selecting the PTX according to the alignment and characteristics of the PTXs and PRXs. We modeled a power reception model of the PRX based on a PV array using coded laser pilots and validated it through experimentation. We discussed some algorithms that select the most suitable PTX among several PTXs for which several EVs receive the power it needs.
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3

Borghese, Cinzia, Naike Casagrande, Giuseppe Corona, and Donatella Aldinucci. "Adipose-Derived Stem Cells Primed with Paclitaxel Inhibit Ovarian Cancer Spheroid Growth and Overcome Paclitaxel Resistance." Pharmaceutics 12, no. 5 (April 27, 2020): 401. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics12050401.

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Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) primed with paclitaxel (PTX) are now hypothesized to represent a potential Trojan horse to vehicle and deliver PTX into tumors. We analyzed the anticancer activity of PTX released by ADSCs primed with PTX (PTX-ADSCs) (~20 ng/mL) in a panel of ovarian cancer (OvCa) cells sensitive or resistant to PTX. We used two (2D) and three dimensional (3D) in vitro models (multicellular tumor spheroids, MCTSs, and heterospheroids) to mimic tumor growth in ascites. The coculture of OvCa cells with PTX-ADSCs inhibited cell viability in 2D models and in 3D heterospheroids (SKOV3-MCTSs plus PTX-ADSCs) and counteracted PTX-resistance in Kuramochi cells. The cytotoxic effects of free PTX and of equivalent amounts of PTX secreted in PTX-ADSC-conditioned medium (CM) were compared. PTX-ADSC-CM decreased OvCa cell proliferation, was more active than free PTX and counteracted PTX-resistance in Kuramochi cells (6.0-fold decrease in the IC50 values). Cells cultivated as 3D aggregated MCTSs were more resistant to PTX than 2D cultivation. PTX-ADSC-CM (equivalent-PTX) was more active than PTX in MCTSs and counteracted PTX-resistance in all cell lines. PTX-ADSC-CM also inhibited OvCa-MCTS dissemination on collagen-coated wells. In conclusion, PTX-ADSCs and PTX-MSCs-CM may represent a new option with which to overcome PTX-resistance in OvCa.
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4

Lippton, H. L., Q. Hao, T. Hauth, and A. Hyman. "Mechanisms of signal transduction for adenosine and ATP in pulmonary vascular bed." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 262, no. 3 (March 1, 1992): H926—H929. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.1992.262.3.h926.

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The purpose of the present study was to investigate the contribution of pertussis toxin (PTX)-sensitive guanine nucleotide (G) proteins in the pulmonary vascular response to adenosine and ATP in the intact cat under conditions of controlled pulmonary blood flow and left atrial pressure. Adenosine, ATP, and beta-tau-ATP increased lobar arterial pressure in a dose-dependent manner. The pulmonary vasoconstrictor response to adenosine was abolished by BW 1433U, a specific purinergic receptor (P1) inhibitor, PTX pretreatment, indomethacin, and ONO 3708, a thromboxane A2 (TxA2) receptor antagonist. These data suggest that the pulmonary vasoconstrictor response to adenosine depends on activation of P1 purinergic receptors coupled to PTX-sensitive G proteins and subsequent metabolism of liberated arachidonic acid to form TxA2. Because each blocking agent studied produced similar reductions in the pulmonary vasoconstrictor response to ATP without altering the pulmonary vasoconstrictor response to beta-tau-ATP, the present data suggest that ATP constricts the pulmonary vascular bed, in part, by hydrolysis to adenosine. Moreover, the present study suggests that both A1 purinoceptors that are linked to PTX-sensitive G proteins as well as P2x purinoceptors receptors that are independent of PTX-insensitive G proteins mediate the pulmonary vasoconstrictor response to ATP in vivo.
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5

Melloni, Elisabetta, Elena Marchesi, Lorenzo Preti, Fabio Casciano, Erika Rimondi, Arianna Romani, Paola Secchiero, Maria Luisa Navacchia, and Daniela Perrone. "Synthesis and Biological Investigation of Bile Acid-Paclitaxel Hybrids." Molecules 27, no. 2 (January 12, 2022): 471. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27020471.

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Chenodeoxycholic acid and ursodeoxycholic acid (CDCA and UDCA, respectively) have been conjugated with paclitaxel (PTX) anticancer drugs through a high-yield condensation reaction. Bile acid-PTX hybrids (BA-PTX) have been investigated for their pro-apoptotic activity towards a selection of cancer cell lines as well as healthy fibroblast cells. Chenodeoxycholic-PTX hybrid (CDC-PTX) displayed cytotoxicity and cytoselectivity similar to PTX, whereas ursodeoxycholic-PTX hybrid (UDC-PTX) displayed some anticancer activity only towards HCT116 colon carcinoma cells. Pacific Blue (PB) conjugated derivatives of CDC-PTX and UDC-PTX (CDC-PTX-PB and UDC-PTX-PB, respectively) were also prepared via a multistep synthesis for evaluating their ability to enter tumor cells. CDC-PTX-PB and UDC-PTX-PB flow cytometry clearly showed that both CDCA and UDCA conjugation to PTX improved its incoming into HCT116 cells, allowing the derivatives to enter the cells up to 99.9%, respect to 35% in the case of PTX. Mean fluorescence intensity analysis of cell populations treated with CDC-PTX-PB and UDC-PTX-PB also suggested that CDC-PTX-PB could have a greater ability to pass the plasmatic membrane than UDC-PTX-PB. Both hybrids showed significant lower toxicity with respect to PTX on the NIH-3T3 cell line.
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6

Koeda, Keisuke, Kohei Shitara, Atsuo Takashima, Kazumasa Fujitani, Hironori Tsujimoto, Akihito Tsuji, Eiji Oki, et al. "ABSOLUTE: A phase 3 trial of nanoparticle albumin-bound paclitaxel (nab-PTX) versus solvent-based paclitaxel (sb-PTX) in patients with pre-treated advanced gastric cancer (AGC)—Efficacy and QOL results." Journal of Clinical Oncology 35, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2017): 4010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2017.35.15_suppl.4010.

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4010 Background: Sb-PTX is a standard second-line treatment for patients (pts) with AGC. Nab-PTX was developed to avoid the toxicities with use of solvents in sb-PTX and potentially improve efficacy. Based on ABSOLUTE trial, we conducted the additional analysis to evaluate the efficacy and QOL of nab-PTX and sb-PTX. Methods: Pts who were refractory to a fluoropyrimidine-containing first-line treatment were randomly assigned (1:1:1) to receive intravenous q3w nab-PTX (260 mg/m2) on day 1 of a 21-day cycle, and q1w nab-PTX (100 mg/m2) or q1w sb-PTX (80 mg/m2) on days 1, 8, and 15 of a 28-day cycle. The primary objective was to evaluate whether q3w nab-PTX and q1w nab-PTX were non-inferior to q1w sb-PTX in terms of overall survival (OS). Tumor shrinkage at 8 weeks and at the time of the best response were also investigated. For the QOL analysis, EQ-5D score were collected at baseline and every 8 weeks during the first 24 weeks, and thereafter at every 24 weeks. Time to deterioration of EQ-5D score was compared between each arm as a minimally important difference of 0.05. Results: 741 pts were randomly assigned to q3w nab-PTX, q1w nab-PTX, or q1w sb-PTX. Median OS (months) were 10.3, 11.1, and 10.9, respectively. Q1w nab-PTX was non-inferior to q1w sb-PTX (hazard ratio 0.97, 97.5% CI 0.76-1.23; non-inferiority one-sided p = 0.0085), whereas q3w nab-PTX was not non-inferior to q1w sb-PTX (1.06, 95% CI 0.87-1.31; non-inferiority one-sided p = 0.062).The response rate of target lesions at 8 weeks and at the time of the best response (%) were 22.1 and 27.7 for q3w nab-PTX, 28.2 and 34.9 for q1w nab-PTX, and 18.0 and 25.6 for q1w sb-PTX. Median time to deterioration of EQ-5D score (months) were 2.1 in q3w nab-PTX, 3.8 in q1w nab-PTX, and 3.7 in q1w sb-PTX. Conclusions: Q1w nab-PTX was non-inferior to q1w sb-PTX in terms of OS. In addition, q1w nab-PTX showed favorable effect in comparison with q1w sb-PTX in terms of response rate of target lesions and time at best response. QOL was similar between q1w nab-PTX and q1w sb-PTX. These results suggest that q1w nab-PTX is a useful second-line treatment for pts with AGC. Clinical trial information: 132059.
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7

Hyun, Hoon, Min Park, Gayoung Jo, So Kim, Heung Chun, and Dae Yang. "Photo-Cured Glycol Chitosan Hydrogel for Ovarian Cancer Drug Delivery." Marine Drugs 17, no. 1 (January 10, 2019): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md17010041.

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In this study, we prepared an injectable drug delivery depot system based on a visible light-cured glycol chitosan (GC) hydrogel containing paclitaxel (PTX)-complexed beta-cyclodextrin (β-CD) (GC/CD/PTX) for ovarian cancer (OC) therapy using a tumor-bearing mouse model. The hydrogel depot system had a 23.8 Pa of storage modulus at 100 rad/s after visible light irradiation for 10 s. In addition, GC was swollen as a function of time. However, GC had no degradation with the time change. Eventually, the swollen GC matrix affected the releases of PTX and CD/PTX. GC/PTX and GC/CD/PTX exhibited a controlled release of PTX for 7 days. In addition, GC/CD/PTX had a rapid PTX release for 7 days due to improved water solubility of PTX through CD/PTX complex. In vitro cell viability tests showed that GC/CD/PTX had a lower cell viability percentage than the free PTX solution and GC/PTX. Additionally, GC/CD/PTX resulted in a superior antitumor effect against OC. Consequently, we suggest that the GC/CD system might have clinical potential for OC therapy by improving the water solubility of PTX, as PTX is included into the cavity of β-CD.
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8

Wang, Longkun, Chunqian Zhao, Lu Lu, Honglei Jiang, Fengshan Wang, and Xinke Zhang. "Transcytosable Peptide-Paclitaxel Prodrug Nanoparticle for Targeted Treatment of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 5 (February 28, 2023): 4646. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24054646.

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Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an extremely aggressive subtype associated with a poor prognosis. At present, the treatment for TNBC mainly relies on surgery and traditional chemotherapy. As a key component in the standard treatment of TNBC, paclitaxel (PTX) effectively inhibits the growth and proliferation of tumor cells. However, the application of PTX in clinical treatment is limited due to its inherent hydrophobicity, weak penetrability, nonspecific accumulation, and side effects. To counter these problems, we constructed a novel PTX conjugate based on the peptide-drug conjugates (PDCs) strategy. In this PTX conjugate, a novel fused peptide TAR consisting of a tumor-targeting peptide, A7R, and a cell-penetrating peptide, TAT, is used to modify PTX. After modification, this conjugate is named PTX-SM-TAR, which is expected to improve the specificity and penetrability of PTX at the tumor site. Depending on hydrophilic TAR peptide and hydrophobic PTX, PTX-SM-TAR can self-assemble into nanoparticles and improve the water solubility of PTX. In terms of linkage, the acid- and esterase-sensitive ester bond was used as the linking bond, with which PTX-SM-TAR NPs could remain stable in the physiological environment, whereas PTX-SM-TAR NPs could be broken and PTX be released at the tumor site. A cell uptake assay showed that PTX-SM-TAR NPs were receptor-targeting and could mediate endocytosis by binding to NRP-1. The vascular barrier, transcellular migration, and tumor spheroids experiments showed that PTX-SM-TAR NPs exhibit great transvascular transport and tumor penetration ability. In vivo experiments, PTX-SM-TAR NPs showed higher antitumor effects than PTX. As a result, PTX-SM-TAR NPs may overcome the shortcomings of PTX and present a new transcytosable and targeted delivery system for PTX in TNBC treatment.
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9

Mao, Yukang, Yili Zhang, Zheng Luo, Ruoting Zhan, Hui Xu, Weiwen Chen, and Huicai Huang. "Synthesis, Biological Evaluation and Low-Toxic Formulation Development of Glycosylated Paclitaxel Prodrugs." Molecules 23, no. 12 (December 5, 2018): 3211. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules23123211.

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Paclitaxel (PTX) is a famous anti-cancer drug with poor aqueous solubility. In clinical practices, Cremophor EL (polyethoxylated castor oil), a toxic surfactant, is used for dissolution of PTX, which accounts for serious side effects. In the present study, a single glucose-conjugated PTX prodrug (SG-PTX) and a double glucose-conjugated PTX prodrug (DG-PTX) were synthesized with a glycosylated strategy via succinate linkers. Both of the two prodrugs presented significant solubility improvement and drug-like lipophilicities. Compared to DG-PTX, SG-PTX manifested more promising release of the parent drug in serum. A high percentage of PTX released from SG-PTX could be detected after enzymatic hydrolysis of β-glucuronidase. Besides, both of the two prodrugs exhibited effective cytotoxicity against breast cancer cells and ovarian cancer cells, but presented reduced cytotoxicity against normal breast cells. Moreover, SG-PTX manifested impressive solubility in a low toxic formulation (without ethanol) with a different percentage of Cremophor EL. These results indicated that glycosylation is a promising strategy for PTX modification and SG-PTX may be a feasible and potential type of PTX prodrug. In addition, ethanol-free formulation with a low percentage of Cremophor EL might have the potential to develop a safer formulation for further studies of glycosylated PTX prodrugs.
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Tang, Bo, Yu Qian, Yi Gou, Gang Cheng, and Guihua Fang. "VE-Albumin Core-Shell Nanoparticles for Paclitaxel Delivery to Treat MDR Breast Cancer." Molecules 23, no. 11 (October 25, 2018): 2760. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules23112760.

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Multi-drug resistance (MDR) presents a serious problem in cancer chemotherapy. In this study, Vitamin E (VE)-Albumin core-shell nanoparticles were developed for paclitaxel (PTX) delivery to improve the chemotherapy efficacy in an MDR breast cancer model. The PTX-loaded VE-Albumin core-shell nanoparticles (PTX-VE NPs) had small particle sizes (about 100 nm), high drug entrapment efficiency (95.7%) and loading capacity (12.5%), and showed sustained release profiles, in vitro. Docking studies indicated that the hydrophobic interaction and hydrogen bonds play a significant role in the formation of the PTX-VE NPs. The results of confocal laser scanning microscopy analysis demonstrated that the cell uptake of PTX was significantly increased by the PTX-VE NPs, compared with the NPs without VE (PTX NPs). The PTX-VE NPs also exhibited stronger cytotoxicity, compared with PTX NPs with an increased accumulation of PTX in the MCF-7/ADR cells. Importantly, the PTX-VE NPs showed a higher anti-cancer efficacy in MCF-7/ADR tumor xenograft model than the PTX NPs and the PTX solutions. Overall, the VE-Albumin core-shell nanoparticles could be a promising nanocarrier for PTX delivery to improve the chemotherapeutic efficacy of MDR cancer.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "PTX"

1

Atkinson, Allen Bradley Jr. "A Model for the PTX Properties of H2O-NaCl." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/34376.

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In many geologic environments, fluids have compositions that are approximated by the H2O-NaCl system. When minerals grow in the presence of such fluids, some of the solution is trapped in the growing mineral as fluid inclusions. The salinity, temperature of homogenization, and pressure of homogenization are required to predict the trapping conditions of the fluid inclusion. In the laboratory the salinity and the temperature of homogenization of the trapped fluid are easily determined however, the pressure of homogenization cannot be determined directly, and must be calculated from an equation of state.

A statistical model that relates the vapor pressure of H2O-NaCl to the fluid temperature and composition has been developed. The model consists of equations that predict the vapor pressure of H2O-NaCl from the eutectic temperature (-21.2°C) to 1500°C and for all compositions between the pure end-members. The model calculates the vapor pressure based on the composition (wt% NaCl) and the temperature of homogenization, which can be directly obtained from laboratory studies of fluid inclusions. This information in turn can be used to construct the isochore, or line of constant volume, along which the fluid inclusion was trapped. Finally the isochore can be used to determine the temperature and pressure at which the host mineral of the fluid inclusion was trapped.


Master of Science
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2

Burgess, Vanessa Anne, and n/a. "Toxicology Investigations With The Pectenotoxin-2 Seco Acids." Griffith University. School of Public Health, 2003. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20030905.090222.

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Pectenotoxins (PTXs) are a group of large cyclic polyether compounds associated with diarrhetic shellfish poisoning (DSP) as they are often found in combination with other DSPs such as okadaic acid (OA) and dinophysis toxins (DTXs) in shellfish. Although classified and regulated with the DSPs, there is debate over whether these toxins should be classified with DSP toxins. To date, ten different analogues of PTXs have been identified from shellfish and algae, and of these, the pectenotoxin-2 seco acids (PTX2-SAs) are of particular interest as they have previously been implicated in a shellfish poisoning incident in Australia, but relatively little was known of their toxicology. One such incident occurred in December 1997, when approximately 200 people were reported with severe diarrhoetic shellfish poisoning in Northern New South Wales (NSW). Analysis of the shellfish associated with this incident revealed relatively high PTX2-SA concentrations (approx. 300 micrograms/kg shellfish meat), with only trace amounts of pectenotoxin-2 (PTX2) and OA. Following this incident, PTX2-SAs were considered a health threat and guidelines were implemented in the absence of toxicological data, which has caused a great economic burden to shellfish industries around the globe, in particular to Australia, New Zealand and Ireland. Such regulation created in the absence of scientific data demonstrated the need to determine the toxicology of PTX2-SAs in commercial shellfish. Thus a comprehensive study on the toxicology and possible health implications of the PTX2-SAs in Australian shellfish was conducted. PTX2-SAs were isolated in different batches from shellfish (pipis, oysters and mussels) and from algal bloom samples of Dinophysis caudata. Toxin extraction was conducted with several purification stages and chemical analysis was performed with high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to a tandem mass spectrometer (HPLC-MS/MS). The chemical stability of the PTX2-SAs was investigated to ensure consistency of doses between toxicology experiments. Acute dosing studies with mice were then performed and included toxicopathology investigations with light microscopy and electron microscopy, in addition to toxin distribution studies and investigation of in vivo lipid peroxidation. In vitro studies with HepG2 cells included cytotoxicity assays, cell cycle investigations using flow cytometry and gene expression profiling of cells exposed to PTX2-SAs employing cDNA microarray technology. Acute pathology studies demonstrated that the PTX2-SAs do not cause the characteristic symptoms or lesions associated with DSP toxins. No diarrhoea was observed at any dose level in mice and no deaths occurred up to the maximum dosing level of 1.6mg/kg PTX2-SA. Only one batch of PTX2-SA extract produced toxic lesions characteristic of a DSP toxin (batch 1-pilot study) but after follow up studies, it was determined that this first batch of shellfish most likely contained an additional unidentified shellfish toxin or contaminant that co-extracted with PTX2-SAs during toxin isolation and purification procedures. This finding highlighted the importance of supporting the inclusion of the mice bioassay in procedures for shellfish toxin testing to enable detection of new toxins, and also highlighted the importance of toxin purification for toxicology studies. A significant rise in malondialdehyde excretion was observed within 24 hours of dosing mice, indicating that the PTX2-SAs may cause damage by lipid peroxidation in vivo. In vitro studies showed HepG2 cells to have cell cycle and gene expression changes within 24 hours of a dose of 800ng/mL PTX2-SAs. Cell cycle arrest was observed at the G2/M checkpoint and gene expression changes included alterations in genes involved in cell cycle control, lipid metabolism and transport, lipid genesis and trace metal transport. Many genes involved in DNA repair processes were moderated at the 24 hour point, but as no apoptosis was observed up to 72 hours post dosing it is a promising indication that any DNA damage that may have been caused by the administration of PTX2-SAs was not lethal, and was able to be repaired. In light of the information provided by toxicology investigations in this PhD, with particular reference to evidence of in vivo lipid peroxidation by raised levels of MDA in mouse urine, and changes in cell cycle distribution and gene expression in a cultured human cell line, it is concluded that there is potential for these toxins to induce biological changes in mammalian cells in vivo and in vitro, and hence potential for PTX2-SAs to cause health effects in humans. During the course of this three-year study, developments in techniques for shellfish toxin identification within our laboratories have revealed that the shellfish responsible for the 1997 NSW poisoning incident contained significant concentrations of okadaic acid acyl esters that were not detected at the time of the NSW incident. Although reportedly less toxic than okadaic acid itself, the OA ester concentrations present may have been sufficient to cause the observed symptoms. It is also theorized that these esters could be hydrolyzed in the human gastro-intestinal tract to release okadaic acid. In the light of this new evidence and with no pathology lesions or symptoms of diarrhoea being observed in PTX2-SA dosing studies with mice, we now believe these OA acyl esters to be the causative agent in the 1997 NSW DSP incident and not the PTX2-SAs. Nothing is currently known of the chronic toxicology of PTX2-SAs and thus their potential implications to public health in the long term cannot determined. The toxicology investigations in this thesis were acute studies, and it has not been established if the observed changes could be repaired or returned within normal limits without the manifestation of illness or disease occurring. Utilizing the acute toxicology information in this thesis, a health risk assessment for consumption of PTX2-SA contaminated shellfish was performed. This risk assessment, employing numerous safety factors essential for an incomplete data set, produced guideline values that are lower than the current recommend concentrations. To date, there has been no solid evidence that PTX2-SAs cause illness in humans – all documented incidents involving the PTX2-SAs have also included other DSP contaminants that are known to cause human illness. Pathology has not unequivocally been demonstrated in animal studies and thus, in consideration of the epidemiological evidence, PTX2-SAs cannot be considered as high a risk to public health as was previously thought. For the reasons discussed above, and weighing up risk-benefit considerations of the economic burden the current guideline values are causing to shellfish industries around the globe, it is recommended that levels of PTX2-SAs be monitored in recognition of the precautionary principle, but no longer regulated as tightly with other DSPs until such a time that toxicological or epidemiological evidence can prove that the PTX2-SAs are a DSP and are a more considerable threat to human health than has been indicated by toxicology studies in this thesis. This study has produced a substantial amount of acute toxicology data and has provided a good basis for future chronic toxicology investigations with the PTX2-SAs for regulatory purposes.
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3

Burgess, Vanessa Anne. "Toxicology Investigations With The Pectenotoxin-2 Seco Acids." Thesis, Griffith University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/365382.

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Abstract:
Pectenotoxins (PTXs) are a group of large cyclic polyether compounds associated with diarrhetic shellfish poisoning (DSP) as they are often found in combination with other DSPs such as okadaic acid (OA) and dinophysis toxins (DTXs) in shellfish. Although classified and regulated with the DSPs, there is debate over whether these toxins should be classified with DSP toxins. To date, ten different analogues of PTXs have been identified from shellfish and algae, and of these, the pectenotoxin-2 seco acids (PTX2-SAs) are of particular interest as they have previously been implicated in a shellfish poisoning incident in Australia, but relatively little was known of their toxicology. One such incident occurred in December 1997, when approximately 200 people were reported with severe diarrhoetic shellfish poisoning in Northern New South Wales (NSW). Analysis of the shellfish associated with this incident revealed relatively high PTX2-SA concentrations (approx. 300 micrograms/kg shellfish meat), with only trace amounts of pectenotoxin-2 (PTX2) and OA. Following this incident, PTX2-SAs were considered a health threat and guidelines were implemented in the absence of toxicological data, which has caused a great economic burden to shellfish industries around the globe, in particular to Australia, New Zealand and Ireland. Such regulation created in the absence of scientific data demonstrated the need to determine the toxicology of PTX2-SAs in commercial shellfish. Thus a comprehensive study on the toxicology and possible health implications of the PTX2-SAs in Australian shellfish was conducted. PTX2-SAs were isolated in different batches from shellfish (pipis, oysters and mussels) and from algal bloom samples of Dinophysis caudata. Toxin extraction was conducted with several purification stages and chemical analysis was performed with high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to a tandem mass spectrometer (HPLC-MS/MS). The chemical stability of the PTX2-SAs was investigated to ensure consistency of doses between toxicology experiments. Acute dosing studies with mice were then performed and included toxicopathology investigations with light microscopy and electron microscopy, in addition to toxin distribution studies and investigation of in vivo lipid peroxidation. In vitro studies with HepG2 cells included cytotoxicity assays, cell cycle investigations using flow cytometry and gene expression profiling of cells exposed to PTX2-SAs employing cDNA microarray technology. Acute pathology studies demonstrated that the PTX2-SAs do not cause the characteristic symptoms or lesions associated with DSP toxins. No diarrhoea was observed at any dose level in mice and no deaths occurred up to the maximum dosing level of 1.6mg/kg PTX2-SA. Only one batch of PTX2-SA extract produced toxic lesions characteristic of a DSP toxin (batch 1-pilot study) but after follow up studies, it was determined that this first batch of shellfish most likely contained an additional unidentified shellfish toxin or contaminant that co-extracted with PTX2-SAs during toxin isolation and purification procedures. This finding highlighted the importance of supporting the inclusion of the mice bioassay in procedures for shellfish toxin testing to enable detection of new toxins, and also highlighted the importance of toxin purification for toxicology studies. A significant rise in malondialdehyde excretion was observed within 24 hours of dosing mice, indicating that the PTX2-SAs may cause damage by lipid peroxidation in vivo. In vitro studies showed HepG2 cells to have cell cycle and gene expression changes within 24 hours of a dose of 800ng/mL PTX2-SAs. Cell cycle arrest was observed at the G2/M checkpoint and gene expression changes included alterations in genes involved in cell cycle control, lipid metabolism and transport, lipid genesis and trace metal transport. Many genes involved in DNA repair processes were moderated at the 24 hour point, but as no apoptosis was observed up to 72 hours post dosing it is a promising indication that any DNA damage that may have been caused by the administration of PTX2-SAs was not lethal, and was able to be repaired. In light of the information provided by toxicology investigations in this PhD, with particular reference to evidence of in vivo lipid peroxidation by raised levels of MDA in mouse urine, and changes in cell cycle distribution and gene expression in a cultured human cell line, it is concluded that there is potential for these toxins to induce biological changes in mammalian cells in vivo and in vitro, and hence potential for PTX2-SAs to cause health effects in humans. During the course of this three-year study, developments in techniques for shellfish toxin identification within our laboratories have revealed that the shellfish responsible for the 1997 NSW poisoning incident contained significant concentrations of okadaic acid acyl esters that were not detected at the time of the NSW incident. Although reportedly less toxic than okadaic acid itself, the OA ester concentrations present may have been sufficient to cause the observed symptoms. It is also theorized that these esters could be hydrolyzed in the human gastro-intestinal tract to release okadaic acid. In the light of this new evidence and with no pathology lesions or symptoms of diarrhoea being observed in PTX2-SA dosing studies with mice, we now believe these OA acyl esters to be the causative agent in the 1997 NSW DSP incident and not the PTX2-SAs. Nothing is currently known of the chronic toxicology of PTX2-SAs and thus their potential implications to public health in the long term cannot determined. The toxicology investigations in this thesis were acute studies, and it has not been established if the observed changes could be repaired or returned within normal limits without the manifestation of illness or disease occurring. Utilizing the acute toxicology information in this thesis, a health risk assessment for consumption of PTX2-SA contaminated shellfish was performed. This risk assessment, employing numerous safety factors essential for an incomplete data set, produced guideline values that are lower than the current recommend concentrations. To date, there has been no solid evidence that PTX2-SAs cause illness in humans – all documented incidents involving the PTX2-SAs have also included other DSP contaminants that are known to cause human illness. Pathology has not unequivocally been demonstrated in animal studies and thus, in consideration of the epidemiological evidence, PTX2-SAs cannot be considered as high a risk to public health as was previously thought. For the reasons discussed above, and weighing up risk-benefit considerations of the economic burden the current guideline values are causing to shellfish industries around the globe, it is recommended that levels of PTX2-SAs be monitored in recognition of the precautionary principle, but no longer regulated as tightly with other DSPs until such a time that toxicological or epidemiological evidence can prove that the PTX2-SAs are a DSP and are a more considerable threat to human health than has been indicated by toxicology studies in this thesis. This study has produced a substantial amount of acute toxicology data and has provided a good basis for future chronic toxicology investigations with the PTX2-SAs for regulatory purposes.
Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Public Health
Faculty of Health Sciences
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Lee, Mei Ki. "Chemokine signaling via PTX-insensitive G proteins : activation of transcription factors and chemotaxis /." View abstract or full-text, 2007. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?BICH%202007%20LEE.

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Santos, Paulo Carlos Ferreira dos. "Extração de informações de desempenho em GPUs NVIDIA." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/45/45134/tde-02042013-090806/.

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O recente crescimento da utilização de Unidades de Processamento Gráfico (GPUs) em aplicações científicas, que são voltadas ao desempenho, gerou a necessidade de otimizar os programas que nelas rodam. Uma ferramenta adequada para essa tarefa é o modelo de desempenho que, por sua vez, se beneficia da existência de uma ferramenta de extração de informações de desempenho para GPUs. Este trabalho cobre a criação de um gerador de microbenchmark para instruções PTX que também obtém informações sobre as características do hardware da GPU. Os resultados obtidos com o microbenchmark foram validados através de um modelo simplificado que obteve erros entre 6,11% e 16,32% em cinco kernels de teste. Também foram levantados os fatores de imprecisão nos resultados do microbenchmark. Utilizamos a ferramenta para analisar o perfil de desempenho das instruções e identificar grupos de comportamentos semelhantes. Também testamos a dependência do desempenho do pipeline da GPU em função da sequência de instruções executada e verificamos a otimização do compilador para esse caso. Ao fim deste trabalho concluímos que a utilização de microbenchmarks com instruções PTX é factível e se mostrou eficaz para a construção de modelos e análise detalhada do comportamento das instruções.
The recent growth in the use of tailored for performance Graphics Processing Units (GPUs) in scientific applications, generated the need to optimize GPU targeted programs. Performance models are the suitable tools for this task and they benefits from existing GPUs performance information extraction tools. This work covers the creation of a microbenchmark generator using PTX instructions and it also retrieves information about the GPU hardware characteristics. The microbenchmark results were validated using a simplified model with errors rates between 6.11% and 16.32% under five diferent GPU kernels. We also explain the imprecision factors present in the microbenchmark results. This tool was used to analyze the instructions performance profile, identifying groups with similar behavior. We also evaluated the corelation of the GPU pipeline performance and instructions execution sequence. Compiler optimization capabilities for this case were also verified. We concluded that the use of microbenchmarks with PTX instructions is a feasible approach and an efective way to build performance models and to generate detailed analysis of the instructions\' behavior.
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Gumbrecht, Rene [Verfasser], and Paul [Akademischer Betreuer] Müller. "Development of customized pTx MR excitation methods and their safe application / Rene Gumbrecht. Gutachter: Paul Müller." Erlangen : Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 2013. http://d-nb.info/1075474167/34.

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Lanctôt, Christian. "Rôle des gènes à boîte homéo de la famille Ptx au cours de l'embryogénèse de la souris." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape10/PQDD_0009/NQ39757.pdf.

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Schneider, Rainer [Verfasser], Jens [Akademischer Betreuer] Haueisen, Jürgen [Akademischer Betreuer] Reichenbach, and Josef [Akademischer Betreuer] Pfeuffer. "Selective Excitation MR Imaging with Parallel Transmission (pTx) / Rainer Schneider. Gutachter: Jürgen Reichenbach ; Josef Pfeuffer. Betreuer: Jens Haueisen." Ilmenau : Universitätsbibliothek Ilmenau, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1072072882/34.

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Schneider, Rainer Verfasser], Jens [Akademischer Betreuer] [Haueisen, Jürgen [Akademischer Betreuer] Reichenbach, and Josef [Akademischer Betreuer] Pfeuffer. "Selective Excitation MR Imaging with Parallel Transmission (pTx) / Rainer Schneider. Gutachter: Jürgen Reichenbach ; Josef Pfeuffer. Betreuer: Jens Haueisen." Ilmenau : Universitätsbibliothek Ilmenau, 2015. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:ilm1-2015000033.

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Vietta, Giovanna Grünewald. "Caracterização dos níveis da pentraxina-3 (PTX-3) em amostra de pacientes com cardiopatia isquêmica estável na população brasileira." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/17435.

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Introdução: A Pentraxina-3 (PTX-3), produzida principalmente por macrófagos e células da vasculatura endotelial em resposta aos primeiros sinais pró-inflamatórios, tem sido apontada como um novo marcador de eventos coronarianos. Este estudo objetiva caracterizar os níveis plasmáticos de PTX-3 em pacientes com doença arterial coronariana estável em uma população brasileira, bem como sua relação com outros marcadores de risco cardiovascular e manifestação clínica de doença arterial coronariana (DAC). Métodos: Caracterização dos fatores de risco cardiovascular clássicos, e determinação dos níveis plasmáticos de PTX-3, proteína C reativa ultra-sensível (PCRus), interleucinas 18 (IL-18) e 10 (IL-10) foram realizadas numa coorte de 132 pacientes com doença arterial coronariana documentada, estáveis clinicamente. A determinação dos níveis plasmáticos de PTX-3, PCRus, IL-18 e IL-10 foi realizada pela técnica de ELISA utilizando-se kits comercialmente disponíveis. Os resultados dos valores dos marcadores inflamatórios foram comparados entre participantes que tiveram eventos clínicos ou não durante o seguimento médio de 47 meses. Resultados: Os níveis de PTX-3 e PCR-us coletados na primeira e segunda amostra foram semelhantes 3,45 e 3,84 ng/mL, e 4,89 e 4,72 mg/dL, respectivamente. A correlação de Pearson entre a primeira e segunda amostra foi maior para a dosagem de PCR-us que para o PTX3 (r=0,603 e r=0,356; p<0,001). Os níveis médios de PTX-3 em pacientes sem eventos foram 3,49±1,94ng/mL e nos pacientes que desenvolveram eventos 3,48±2,33ng/mL (p= 0,982). Para PCR, os valores foram de 5,07±8,26mg/mL e 4,60±4,66mg/dL (p= 0,737), respectivamente. Não foi encontrada associação entre níveis de PTX-3 e fatores de risco cardiovascular. Valores de PCRus foram associados com níveis séricos de LDL e a fração de ejeção do ventrículo esquerdo, não havendo relação com outros fatores de risco. Conclusões: Nesta amostra de indivíduos com DAC estável os níveis de PTX- 3 e PCR foram mais elevados do que em outras populações. Não identificamos fatores de risco relacionados com níveis aumentados de PTX-3 ou sua relação com eventos em médio prazo.
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Books on the topic "PTX"

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Faust, Eberhard. Pax Christi et Pax Caesaris. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.13109/9783666539268.

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Marroquin, Lorenzo. Pax. Bogota: Editorial La Oveja Negra Ltda., 1986.

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Renner, Paulo Roberto. Pax. Porto Alegre: [s.n.], 1989.

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Ohyama, Chikako. Pix. Tokyo: Graphic-sha, 1985.

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Bill, James. Pix. Bath: Chivers, 2008.

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Guénane. Pax. Theix: Amers, 2002.

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Elliott, Earls, ed. Pts.. Den Haag: Underware, 2003.

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Rivas Groot, José Maria, 1863-1923, ed. Pax. Bogotá, Colombia: Oveja Negra, 1986.

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Marroquín, Lorenzo. Pax. Bogotá: Círculo de Lectores, 1986.

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Ilona, Halberstadt, ed. Pix. London: British Film Institute, 1994.

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Book chapters on the topic "PTX"

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Eggers, Natascha, and Torsten Birth. "Effizienzbewertung biomassebasierter PtX-Systeme." In Fortschritte Naturstofftechnik, 15–26. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-33497-0_2.

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Heneka, Maximilian, and Wolfgang Köppel. "Comparative evaluation of PtX processes for renewable fuel supply." In Proceedings, 26–40. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-25939-6_5.

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Sayner, Joanne. "A Film without a Protagonist? KLK an PTX: Die Rote Kapelle." In Reframing Antifascism, 147–77. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137358905_6.

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Hara, T., Y. Yamabe-Mitarai, M. Nishida, and E. Okunishi. "Analysis of Stacking Structure and Morphology in Ti50(Ptx, Ir50-x) Martensite by Hrtem and HAADF-Stem." In ICOMAT, 659–62. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118803592.ch100.

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Bodnar, Robert J., Matthew Steele-Maclnnis, Ryan M. Capobianco, J. Donald Rimstidt, Robert Dilmore, Angela Goodman, and George Guthrie. "4. PVTX Properties of H2 0-C02-"salt" at PTX Conditions Applicable to Carbon Sequestration in Saline Formations." In Geochemistry of Geologic CO2 Sequestration, edited by Donald J. DePaolo, David R. Cole, Alexandra Navrotsky, and Ian C. Bourg, 123–52. Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9781501508073-006.

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Inoue, Seishi, Yoshikazu Fujita, Hidetaro Mori, Oshi Inagaki, Ryoichi Yorifuji, and Toshiaki Hirabayashi. "Studies on the Pathogenesis of Hypertryglyceridemia in Chronic Renal Failure: The Significance of Intravenous Fat Tolerance Test (IVFTT) Before and After Subtotal Parathyroidectomy (PTX)." In New Actions of Parathyroid Hormone, 213–18. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0567-5_27.

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Welch, Sharon. "Pax Americana, Pax Humana." In Theological Perspectives for Life, Liberty, and the Pursuit of Happiness, 23–33. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137372215_3.

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McAllister-Williams, R. Hamish, Daniel Bertrand, Hans Rollema, Raymond S. Hurst, Linda P. Spear, Tim C. Kirkham, Thomas Steckler, et al. "PTM." In Encyclopedia of Psychopharmacology, 1100. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-68706-1_4489.

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Bährle-Rapp, Marina. "Pix." In Springer Lexikon Kosmetik und Körperpflege, 432. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-71095-0_8028.

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Villars, P., K. Cenzual, R. Gladyshevskii, O. Shcherban, V. Dubenskyy, V. Kuprysyuk, I. Savysyuk, and R. Zaremba. "PtS." In Landolt-Börnstein - Group III Condensed Matter, 118. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-22847-6_68.

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Conference papers on the topic "PTX"

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Boudou, Thomas, Prathamesh Kharkar, Jing Jing, Raphael Guillot, Isabelle Pignot-Paintrand, Rachel Auzely-Velty, and Catherine Picart. "Polyelectrolyte Multilayer Nanoshells With Hydrophobic Nanodomains for Delivery of Paclitaxel." In ASME 2012 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2012-80206.

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Delivery of poorly water-soluble drug molecules, which constitute a large part of commercially available drugs, is a major challenge. Several drugs including paclitaxel (PTX) that are used for cancer treatment are hydrophobic and need to be delivered using an appropriate carrier. Here we engineered PTX-loaded polyelectrolyte films and microcapsules by pre-complexing PTX with alkylamino hydrazide derivatives of HA, and subsequent assembly with either poly(L-lysine) (PLL) or quaternized chitosan (QCHI) as polycations. The PTX loading capacity of the films was found to be dependent on the number of layers in the films as well as on the initial concentration of PTX pre-complexed to hydrophobic HA, with a loading capacity up to 5000-fold the initial PTX concentration. The films were stable in physiological medium and were degraded in the presence of hyaluronidase. The PTX-loaded microcapsules were found to decrease the viability and proliferation of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells, while unloaded microcapsules did not impact cell viability. All together, our results highlight the potential of hyaluronan-based assemblies for hydrophobic drug delivery.
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Franich, Andjela, Ivana Vasić, Snežana Rajković, Aleksandar Arsenijević, Marija Milovanović, Nebojša Arsenijević, Jelena Milovanović, and Marija Živković. "CYTOTOXICITY OF CATIONIC DINUCLEAR PLATINUM(II) COMPLEXES IN AN EXPERIMENTAL MODEL OF MOUSE COLON CANCER." In 1st INTERNATIONAL Conference on Chemo and BioInformatics. Institute for Information Technologies, University of Kragujevac, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/iccbi21.293f.

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The series of nine dinuclear platinum(II) complexes, [{Pt(L)Cl}2(μ-X)]2+ (where L is two NH3 or bidentantly coordinated diamine ligand – ethylenediamine, en; (±)-1,2-propylenediamine, 1,2-pn; isobutylenediamine, ibn; trans-(±)-1,2-diaminocyclohexane, dach; 1,3-propylenediamine, 1,3-pd; 2,2- dimethyl-1,3-propylenediamine, 2,2-diMe-1,3-pd; (±)-1,3-pentanediamine,1,3-pnd, and X is a bridging pyrazine (pz) or pyridazine (pydz) ligand) have been synthesized and characterized. The antitumor potential of these complexes against CT26 cells were determined by in vitro and in vivo assays. A murine model of heterotopic colon cancer tumor was induced in immunocompetent BALB/c mice for investigating antitumor potential of the Pt(II) complexes in vivo. It was found that complexes Pt1, Pt2 and Pt7 shows significant in vitro cytotoxic activity against mouse colon carcinoma CT26 cells, while all these complexes show moderate apoptotic effect. Complexes Pt1 and Pt7 arrested CT26 cells in G2/M phase of cell cycle, while complexes Pt5 and Pt6 exerted the highest antiproliferative effect which was evaluated by detection of Ki67 expressing cells. Complexes Pt1 and Pt2 performed significant in vivo antitumor effects reducing the growth of primary tumor and the incidence of lung and liver metastases without causing the significant hepato- and nephro- toxicity.
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Kerr, Andrew, Gregory Diamos, and Sudhakar Yalamanchili. "A characterization and analysis of PTX kernels." In 2009 IEEE International Symposium on Workload Characterization (IISWC). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iiswc.2009.5306801.

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Acikgoz, Serhan, Thomas J. Royston, Hansen A. Mansy, and Richard H. Sandler. "Experimental and Numerical Simulations of Percussive Diagnosis of Lung Pathologies." In ASME 2007 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2007-34578.

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A mechanical phantom model was built to simulate percussive techniques for diagnosing pneumothorax (PTX) and hydrothorax (HTX) (collapsed lung with air or water in the pleural space, respectively). The model was built with materials that have similar acoustic properties to that of human parenchyma, soft tissue and ribs. A bladder was embedded into the parenchyma-mimicking foam to simulate PTX or HTX. Experimental frequency response measurements were taken on the mechanical phantom model for the simulated pathologies and the healthy case with percussive excitation and noninvasive response measurements at the soft tissue surface. To aid in understanding experimental measurements, a finite element model of the experimental setup was constructed in ANSYS and used to simulate these same cases. Normal velocity amplitudes over the soft tissue surface measured from the experimental setup and calculated via the finite element model were analyzed in the frequency domain to identify any patterns or signatures that could be exploited for diagnosis. Experiment and numerical studies agree in identifying the key features of the PTX condition versus the healthy case, but differ somewhat on how HTX can be distinguished from PTX and the healthy case. Reasons for this discrepancy are discussed. With some improvements, these computational and experimental phantom models may aid in the development of improved noninvasive acoustic techniques for identifying these and other life-threatening conditions.
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Yang, Chun-Chieh, Shao-Chung Wang, Min-Yi Hsu, Yuan-Ming Chang, Yuan-Shin Hwang, and Jenq-Kuen Lee. "OpenCL 2.0 Compiler Adaptation on LLVM for PTX Simulators." In 2017 46th International Conference on Parallel Processing Workshops (ICPPW). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icppw.2017.21.

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Liu, Jing, Lingyu Guo, Zhen Dong, Qi Zhao, and Lihua Li. "PTX: The Bridge to a More Flexible Energy System." In International Joint Conference on Energy and Environmental Engineering. SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0011104900003355.

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Lewis, Tony E., and George D. Magoulas. "TMBL kernels for CUDA GPUs compile faster using PTX." In the 13th annual conference companion. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2001858.2002033.

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Lustig, Daniel, Sameer Sahasrabuddhe, and Olivier Giroux. "A Formal Analysis of the NVIDIA PTX Memory Consistency Model." In ASPLOS '19: Architectural Support for Programming Languages and Operating Systems. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3297858.3304043.

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Cupertino, Leandro F., Cleomar P. Silva, Douglas M. Dias, Marco Aurélio C. Pacheco, and Cristiana Bentes. "Evolving CUDA PTX programs by quantum inspired linear genetic programming." In the 13th annual conference companion. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2001858.2002026.

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Lustig, Daniel, Simon Cooksey, and Olivier Giroux. "Mixed-proxy extensions for the NVIDIA PTX memory consistency model." In ISCA '22: The 49th Annual International Symposium on Computer Architecture. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3470496.3533045.

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Reports on the topic "PTX"

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Kugel, H. W., G. M. Gammel, R. Kaita, M. F. Reusch, and D. W. Roberts. Neutral Probe Beam q-profile measurements in PDX and PBX-M. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6988246.

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Nagahi, Morteza, Niamat Ullah Ibne Hossain, Safae El Amrani, Raed Jaradat, Laya Khademibami, Simon Goerger, and Randy Buchanan. Investigating the influence of demographics and personality types on practitioners' level of systems thinking skills. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), March 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/43622.

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Although the application of systems thinking (ST) has become essential for practitioners when dealing with turbulent and complex environments, there are limited studies available in the current literature that investigate how the ST skills of practitioners vary with regard to demographic factors and personality types (PTs). To address this gap, this article uses a structural equation modeling approach to explore the relationship be-tween practitioners’ ST skills, PT, and a set of demographic factors. The demographic factors included in the study are education level, the field of the highest degree, organizational ownership structure, job experience, and current occupation type. A total of 99 engineering managers, 104 systems engineers (SEs), and 55 practitioners with other occupations participated in this article. Results showed that the education level, the field of the highest degree, PT, organizational ownership structure, and current job experience of practitioners influenced their level of ST skills. Additionally, the current occupation type of practitioners partially affects their level of ST skills. An in-depth analysis was also conducted using multiple group analysis to show how seven ST skills of the practitioners vary across their level of education. Taken together, the findings of the study suggest that PT and a set of demographic factors influence the overall ST skill of the practitioners.
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Cao, Xianling, Xuanyou Zhou, Naixin Xu, Songchang Chang, and Chenming Xu. Association of IL-4 and IL-10 Polymorphisms with Preterm Birth Susceptibility: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, April 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.4.0044.

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Review question / Objective: The aim of our systematic review and meta-analysis was to summarize the effects of IL-4 and IL-10 gene polymorphism and clarify their possible association with PTB. Condition being studied: World Health Organization (WHO) defines preterm birth (PTB) as babies born alive before 37 weeks of pregnancy are completed. The new estimates show that the prevalence of PTB during 2014 ranged from 8.7% to13.4% of all live births, about 15 million preterm babies born each year. Besides, PTB is the leading cause of death worldwide for children below 5 years of age. Babies born preterm are at an increased risk of short-term and long-term complications attributed to immaturity of multiple organ systems, such as cerebral palsy, intellectual disabilities, vision and hearing impairments, and impaired cognitive development. PTB has become a worldwide public health problem, but its etiology remains unclear. Accumulating evidence shows that PTB is a syndrome that can be attributed to a variety of pathological processes(5). Inflammatory diseases and genetic background are known risk factors for PTB, many studies had shown that genetic variations in proinflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1 α (IL-1 α) are associated with increased risk of PTB, but the relationship between genetic polymorphism in anti-inflammatory cytokines and risk of PTB remains controversial.
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4

Nagahi, Morteza, Raed Jaradat, Safae El Amrani, Michael Hamilton, and Simon Goerger. Holistic and reductionist thinker : a comparison study based on individuals’ skillset and personality types. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), May 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/40746.

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As organizations operate in turbulent and complex environments, it has become a necessity to assess the systems thinking (ST) skills, personality types (PTs), and demographics of practitioners. In this study, we investigated the relationship between practitioners’ ST profile, their PTs profiles and demographic characteristics in the domain of complex system problems. The objective of this study is to address the current gap in the literature – lack of studies dedicated to predicting practitioners’ ST profile based on their PTs and demographics characteristics. A total of 258 practitioners with different demographics and PTs provided the data. The results show that (1) practitioners can be classified based on their ST skills scores into two clusters: holistic and reductionist (that is, ST profile), (2) each cluster has different PTs profiles and demographic characteristics, and (3) practitioner’s ST profile can be predicted, with good accuracy, based on their PTs profile and demographic characteristics.
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Nagahi, Morteza, Raed Jaradat, Simon Goerger, Michael Hamilton, Randy Buchanan, Sawsan Abutabenjeh, and Junfeng Ma. The impact of practitioners’ personality traits on their level of systems-thinking skills preferences. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), October 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/45791.

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In this study, we used a structural equation modeling method to investigate the relationship between systems engineers and engineering managers’ Systems-Thinking (ST) skills preferences and their Personality Traits (PTs) in the domain of complex system problems. As organizations operate in more and more turbulent and complex environments, it has become increasingly important to assess the ST skills preferences and PTs of engineers. The current literature lacks studies related to the impact of systems engineers and engineering managers’ PTs on their ST skills preferences, and this study aims to address this gap. A total of 99 engineering managers and 104 systems engineers provided the data to test four hypotheses posed in this study. The results show that the PTs of systems engineers and engineering managers have a positive impact on their level of ST skills preferences and that the education level, the current occupation type, and the managerial experience of the systems engineers and engineering managers moderate the main relationship in the study.
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6

Schanken, Mary D., and John W. Taylor. Evaluation Report of Sytek PFX A2000 and PFX A2100. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, November 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada208048.

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7

García Carpio, Juan Manuel. Estimación del impacto del uso de las TIC y de la inversión en I&D sobre la productividad de las empresas manufactureras en Perú. Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo, November 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004588.

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El trabajo estima el efecto del uso de las tecnologías de la información y comunicación (TIC) y de la inversión en Investigación y Desarrollo (I&D) sobre la productividad total de factores (PTF) de las empresas de mayor tamaño en la industria manufacturera peruana entre 2016 y 2018, usando datos de panel de la Encuesta Económica Anual (EEA). Primero, se revisa aspectos conceptuales y metodológicos de la estimación de la PTF a nivel de empresas enfatizando los métodos econométricos modernos que enfrentan los problemas de endogeneidad que afectaban a los métodos tradicionales, y se analiza estimaciones previas de la PTF a nivel empresarial para Perú. También, se revisa la literatura, sobre todo empírica, relativa al impacto del uso de TIC sobre la productividad empresarial, y al efecto de la innovación mediante inversión en I&D, incluyendo la evidencia disponible para Perú. Luego, se estima el logaritmo de la PTF mediante distintos métodos, seleccionándose el método de Levinsohn y Petrin con corrección por atrittion (salida de empresas del panel). Se explora la relación entre esta PTF estimada y características de las empresas y el uso de las TIC. Posteriormente, se estima los efectos de la intensidad de la inversión en I&D y del uso de las TIC sobre la PTF utilizando el planteamiento del modelo estándar CDM. Para ello, se estima los determinantes de la inversión en I&D y de su nivel mediante un modelo de corrección del sesgo de selección (Heckman), y se predice la intensidad de esta inversión (valor entre monto de salarios). Respecto al uso de las TIC, se construye índices sintéticos mediante análisis factorial (por la correlación entre las variables disponibles). Además, la estimación incluye mark-up estimados para cada empresa. Los resultados indican que la inversión en I&D tendría un efecto positivo estadísticamente significativo sobre la PTF de las empresas manufactureras. En contraste, no se encuentra un efecto claro del uso de las TIC, aunque sí se halla efectos positivos estadísticamente significativos para variables específicas como el uso de extranet y, en menor medida, el uso de red local. Este tipo de hallazgos mixtos para las TIC podría deberse a que la muestra utilizada proviene de empresas de mayor tamaño. Por ello, resulta importante realizar estudios específicos del uso de distintas TIC enfocados en diferentes segmentos de empresas, a fin de generar evidencia rigurosa de su impacto según características heterogéneas, como el tamaño empresarial.
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8

Czyzyk, J., S. Mehrotra, and S. J. Wright. PCx user guide. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/475586.

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9

Kuhn, D. Richard. PBX vulnerability analysis :. Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.sp.800-24.

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10

Rong, Hong-guo, Xiao-wen Zhang, Xin Sun, Chen Shen, Wei-jie Yu, Xiao-zhen Lai, Mei Han, Hai Fang, Yu-tong Fei, and Jian-ping Liu. Empirical evidence from Chinese Medicine used for preventing monkeypox and similar contagious diseases: a scoping review. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, July 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.7.0013.

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Review question / Objective: Whether traditional Chinese medicine could be used for preventing contagious respiratory virus diseases, including monkey pox, smallpox, measles, chickenpox and rubella? Meanwhile, this review aimed at providing the evidence for the global epidemic prevention and control. Background: Monkeypox is an emerging zoonotic infection caused by monkeypox virus (MPXV), which in the past has been primarily detected in West and Central Africa. Since May 2022, 47 countries have reported 3040 monkeypox cases to WHO. Transmission has occurred in many countries that have not previously reported monkeypox cases, and countries in the WHO European region currently report the largest number of cases. As recently recommended by the WHO, monkeypox should be actively monitored and extensively studied worldwide. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has two thousand years of experience for treating infectious pox diseases. WHO also affirmed the contribution of traditional Chinese medicine to the fight against COVID-19. Therefore, we planned to summarized the classical evidence as well as the clinical evidence of TCM for smallpox, measles, chickenpox and rubella, so as to provide evidence for the treatment of monkey pox.
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