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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'PTBD'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 11 March 2023

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1

Henkel, Nele. "Die Bedeutung traumatischer Erfahrungen und der Posttraumatischen Belastungsstörung für die Lebensqualität in der älteren Bevölkerung Deutschlands." Doctoral thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2016. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-205970.

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Hintergrund: Der Zweite Weltkrieg und die damit verbundenen traumatischen Ereignisse können auch Jahrzehnte später bei der ehemaligen Kriegsgeneration Deutschlands mit langfristigen und schwerwiegenden gesundheitlichen Folgen einhergehen. Insbesondere die Erforschung von Langzeitverläufen traumatisierender Erlebnisse befindet sich noch in ihren Anfängen. Ziele: Es werden die Auswirkungen traumatischer Erfahrungen und posttraumatischer Belas-tungssymptomatik auf die heutige gesundheitsbezogene Lebensqualität der älteren Bevölkerung Deutschlands (bis 1948 geboren) untersucht. Die Zusammenhänge werden unter dem Einfluss komorbider Depressivität, somatischer Symptome und körperlicher Erkrankungen analysiert. Material und Methoden: Diese Arbeit untersucht die physische und psychische gesund-heitsbezogene Lebensqualität (SF12v2-Fragebogen zur gesundheitsbezogenen Lebensqua-lität), traumatische Erfahrungen (Traumaliste des M-CIDI), Posttraumatische Belastungsstörung (PTBS) entsprechend des DSM-IV, partielle PTBS (Posttraumatic Diagnostic Scale, PDS), körperliche Erkrankungen (Multimorbiditätsfragebogen), Depressions- und Somatisierungssymptomatik (Patient Health Questionnaire, PHQ-D) in einer repräsentativen Stichprobe der 60-85 jährigen Bevölkerung Deutschlands (N = 1659) mit Hilfe von Selbstbeurteilungsverfahren. Ergebnisse: Personen mit traumatischen Erfahrungen in der Lebensgeschichte berichten eine niedrigere Lebensqualität als Personen ohne traumatische Erfahrungen. Zudem findet sich mit steigender Anzahl der traumatischen Erfahrungen eine niedrigere physische und psychische Lebensqualität. Auch haben Personen mit einer Vollbild- oder partiellen PTBS eine niedrigere körperliche und psychische gesundheitsbezogene Lebensqualität. Beeinträchtigungen in der physischen gesundheitsbezogenen Lebensqualität werden hauptsächlich durch komorbide depressive und somatische Symptome und körperliche Erkrankungen erklärt. Auf die Beeinträchtigungen der psychischen gesundheitsbezogenen Lebensqualität haben sowohl traumatische Erfahrungen und posttraumatische Belastungssymptomatik als auch komorbide Depressions- und Somatisierungssymptomatik Einfluss. Die PTBS führt sowohl bei kategorialer als auch bei dimensionaler Betrachtung zur Beeinträchtigung der gesundheitsbezogenen Lebensqualität; stärkster Einfluss wird auf die psychische Dimension genommen. Schlussfolgerung: Selbst nach Jahrzehnten können potentiell traumatisierende Erlebnisse in der Folge mit erheblichen körperlichen und psychosozialen Beeinträchtigungen einhergehen. Im Umgang mit Älteren sollten neu auftretende oder zunehmende gesundheitliche Beschwerden immer vor dem Hintergrund der historisch-biographischen Perspektive betrachtet werden. Dabei sollte auch subsyndromalen Störungsbildern genügend Beachtung zukommen. Dem Einsatz von Messinstrumenten zur Erfassung der Lebensqualität in der Diagnostik und zur Verlaufsbeurteilung sollte mehr Bedeutung beigemessen werden.
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2

Watson, Sian. "PTSD and violence." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2013. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/4056/.

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This thesis aims to explore the role of trauma in an individual’s pathway to violence. Professionals consider offenders’ history of trauma when assessing risk of violence, and research has found an established relationship between Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and perpetration of violence. Military populations may be particularly vulnerable to this relationship. The introduction explores relevant theories. The second chapter presents a systematic review of literature relating to the relationship between PTSD and violence in military populations. Few mediating psychological processes have been identified, therefore the role of cognition is considered. Chapter Three examines the psychometric properties of a measure of violent thoughts – the Firestone Assessment of Violent Thoughts (FAVT). This measure is used alongside the Schedule of Imagined Violence (SIV) in a research study in Chapter Four which aims to empirically assess the role of violent cognitions in mediating the relationship between PTSD and violence in a military population. The results support the relationship between PTSD and violence, PTSD and violent cognitions, and violent cognitions and violent behaviour. Violent fantasy measured by the SIV mediated this relationship. However, the violent thoughts measured by the FAVT did not account for a sufficient amount of the variance, suggesting there are other mediating factors. These findings are discussed in the final chapter contextualised in the literature and the implications for practice. Finally, it is considered whether a unique pathway to violence exists for military populations with PTSD, and a model of this pathway is presented based on the findings of this thesis.
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3

Fagelson, Marc A. "Tinnitus and PTSD." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2018. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/1668.

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4

Miller, Susannah. "The Relation of Witnessing Interparental Violence to PTSD and Complex PTSD." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2011. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc68018/.

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Complex posttraumatic stress disorder (CPTSD) integrates symptoms common to victims of "complex" traumas, like childhood physical or sexual abuse, with the diagnostic criteria of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). It was hypothesized that a history of witnessing interparental violence would be related to adulthood CPTSD symptoms. Results from hierarchical multiple regressions with 287 college students showed that witnessing interparental violence and experiencing child physical abuse predicted higher levels of CPTSD, PTSD, and depression symptoms. After controlling for child abuse, witnessing interparental violence predicted higher levels of traditional PTSD symptoms, but it did not predict an increase in overall CPTSD symptom severity or depression. Results suggest that the traditional PTSD construct, rather than CPTSD, best accounts for the symptoms of those who witnessed interparental violence in childhood.
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5

Eklöf, Maria. "Bildterapi med PTSD-patienter." Thesis, Ersta Sköndal högskola, S:t Lukas utbildningsinstitut, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:esh:diva-3985.

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Syftet med studien var att synliggöra hur bildterapeuter arbetar med vuxna med PTSD, och eventuella skillnader och likheter i arbetssätt. Ett annat syfte var att få ökad kunskap om hur bildterapi bedrivs vid PTSD och vilka delar i behandlingen bildterapeuterna ser som verksamma. Frågeställningarna var: a) Arbetar bildterapeuter annorlunda vid PTSD än vid annan problematik? b)Vilka beståndsdelar i det bildterapeutiska arbetet ser bildterapeuten som särskilt verksamma vid PTSD? Metod för studien var semistrukturerade intervjuer med 6 bildterapeuter med erfarenhet av att arbeta med PTSD. Fem intervjuer gjordes via personliga möten och en via Skype. Intervjuerna spelades in digitalt, transkriberades och bearbetades därefter genom Tematisk Analys. Resultaten visar att bildterapeuterna håller fast vid sin terapeutiska metod oavsett problematik hos patienten de möter men att förhållningssättet förändras när diagnosen PTSD finns från terapistart. Vid bildterapi med PTSD-patienter ser bildterapeuterna flera avgörande faktorer, där bl.a. den skapade bilden utgör en viktig del, liksom att kreativiteten engagerar kroppsminnen och underlättar bearbetningen. I diskussionen presenteras tankar kring undersökningens utformning, bildterapins position som traumabehandlande metod och den brist på forskning som gör att bildterapin saknar erkännande.
The purpose of this study was to visualize how arttherapists work with adults suffering from PTSD, and how differences and similarities in the approaches are expressed. The aim was also to find out more about how arttherapy in PTSD is conducted as well as what aspects the therapists themselves consider to be active parts of the treatment. The issues were: a) Do arttherapists operate differently in PTSD than with other problems? b) What elements in the therapeutic work are especially effective with PTSD, according to the arttherapists? The method consists of semi-structured interviews with six artherapists, all with experience in meeting patients with PTSD. Five interviews were made through personal meetings and one via Skype. The interviews were recorded digitally, transcribed and then processed through Thematic Analysis. The results of the survey shows that arttherapists maintain their therapeutic method regardless of the patient’s problems but that their approaches change when PTSD is known from the start of the therapy. In arttherapy with PTSD arttherapists notice several crucial factors, e.g. the created image as an important part, as well as creativity that involves embodied memories and facilitate processing. The discussion presents thoughts on the survey design, arttherapy's position as treatment in PTSD and the lack of research that makes art therapy failing to receive recognition.
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6

Barazzone, Natalie. "Attachment, trauma and PTSD." Thesis, Canterbury Christ Church University, 2014. http://create.canterbury.ac.uk/12844/.

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Eye Movement Desensitisation and Reprocessing (EMDR) therapy is a recommended treatment for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). Despite its rapidly growing evidence base, relatively little is known about its treatment effects beyond improving PTSD symptoms. This preliminary study aimed to explore the capacity for EMDR to facilitate a change in attachment security in a clinical sample of adults experiencing symptoms of PTSD and Complex PTSD (CPTSD). It also explored the role of the therapeutic alliance. A within-subject, repeated-measures design was used. Participants received 10 EMDR sessions on average, as part of their routine care. Self-report measures of attachment, PTSD, CPTSD, and the therapeutic alliance were administered during therapy. No significant changes in attachment were observed; however, there was a trend in the expected direction. A significant reduction in PTSD scores was found, in addition to some associations between change in attachment security and change in PTSD and CPTSD symptoms. No significant relationship between the strength of the therapeutic alliance and attachment change was found. This study contributes to the emerging literature on change in attachment; however, the findings should be interpreted with caution due to limitations including the small sample size. Clinical implications and recommendations for future research are discussed.
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7

Cole, Hannah. "Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) in people with psychosis : acceptability of PTSD interventions and the prevalence and risk factors of psychosis-related PTSD." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2018. https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/69798/.

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Background: This portfolio contains two systematic reviews and several meta-analyses in the clinical field of psychosis and trauma. The aim of the first review was to synthesise findings relating to the acceptability of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) treatments in people with psychosis. The aim of the second review was to synthesise and meta-analyse the prevalence figures and risk factors for psychosis-related PTSD (PR-PTSD). Methods: The reviews were conducted using narrative and meta-analytic techniques. Search processes followed Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Results and Conclusion: Detailed statistics are presented for each review. The first review found that PTSD treatments are generally acceptable in people with psychosis. Non-participation rates were low, feedback about the tolerability of treatments was generally good and dropout rates were comparable to other PTSD treatment studies. The second review largely agrees with earlier studies' conclusion that the evidence base for PR-PTSD as it stands makes it difficult to draw conclusions about prevalence rates. Hopefully, as awareness is raised into the issue of PR-PTSD firmer assessment processes will emerge, leading to more robust meta-analytic findings and research syntheses in the future.
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8

Zöllner, Tanja. "Posttraumatic growth in accident survivors with and without PTSD and after successful PTSD treatment /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2009. http://opac.nebis.ch/cgi-bin/showAbstract.pl?sys=000282952.

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9

Suzanna, Knezevic, and Degon Elin. "PTSD : Något som berör polisen?" Thesis, Umeå University, Basic training programme for Police Officers, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-27353.

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När en svår händelse gör det besvärligt eller omöjligt att leva ett normalt liv kan det röra sig om posttraumatiskt stressyndrom (PTSD). Syndromet kan utvecklas efter att man blivit utsatt eller bevittnat en traumatisk händelse som orsakat fysiska eller psykiska skador eller då en person känt sig allvarligt hotad. Vi har i vår studie undersökt om poliser kan ge uttryck av samma symtom som uppvisas då en person diagnostiseras av Posttraumatiskt stressyndrom. Vi har tagit del av en mängd litteratur och artiklar samt gjort en enkätstudie på några poliser där resultatet visade att poliser kommer i kontakt med påfrestande händelser som ibland lämnar efterverkningar. I arbetet har vi därefter diskuterat om det kan föreligga en koppling mellan kriminalitet och PTSD även hos poliser så som tidigare studier har uppgett föreligga som orsak till vissa brott. Eftersom anmälningar om övervåld förekommer mot polisen kan det vara en intressant koppling om poliser som utsätts för akut stress och har erfarenhet av något som denne upplevt som allvarligt och traumatiserande, kan reagera med mer våld än vad situationen kräver. Vår slutsats är att det inte alltid uppenbart hur en person mår eftersom symtom undertrycks eller döljs för många på arbetsplatsen men istället kanske tar sin tillflykt på hemmaplan, i alkohol eller narkotikamissbruk, utåtagerande mot familj eller våld i ingripanden som hade kunnat undvikas.

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10

Clark, E. A., Sarah A. Job, Stacey L. Williams, and M. F. Deitz. "PTSD Symptoms and U.S. Veterans." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2018. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/8050.

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11

Fagelson, Marc A. "Interactions between Tinnitus and PTSD." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2004. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/1615.

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12

Konstad, Marte. "Nevrobiologiske funn ved PTSD : Kan nevrobiologiske funn ved PTSD gi økt psykologisk forståelse av lidelsen?" Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Psykologisk institutt, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-23526.

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Det er behov for økt forståelse av symptomene ved posttraumatsikk stresslidelse og bedre behandlingsintervensjoner. Her undersøkes det om strukturelle og funksjonelle funn i amygdala, medial prefrontal korteks og hippocampus kan informere den psykologiske forståelsen av lidelsen. For at funnene skal kunne informere psykologien må den tolkes over i et psykologisk begrepsapparat. Den tradisjonelle tolkningen av funnene anser PTSD som manglende fryktinhibisjon og den alternative tolkningen anser PTSD som en dysregulering av affekt. Disse to tolkningene ses her i forhold til hverandre og den alternative tolkningen forklarer symptomene i høyere grad enn den tradisjonelle. Ingen av tolkningene er derimot tilstrekkelig empirisk fundert. I forsøket på å integrere kunnskap fra de to ulike analysenivåene møter man et skille mellom dem. Dette skille gir mange utfordringer, men en integrering kan gi potensialet for bedre forståelse av underliggende mekansimer ved PTSD, og andre psykiske lidelser. Konklusjon er at det å ta for store sprang fra nevrobiologiske funn til psykologiske begrep kan føre til implikasjoner som det ikke er grunnlag for. Det er behov for mer forskning for at de nevrobiologiske funnene ved PTSD skal kunne gi klare implikasjoner for behandling av lidelsen.
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13

Cercio, Sophie, and Anja Sternudd. "Komplex PTSD: Symtombild och lämplig behandling." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för psykologi, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-85495.

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14

Gonzalez, Gabriel. "Hidden Scars: The Art of PTSD." Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2013. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/5636.

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Through the use of mixed media, I explore imagery that reveals the trauma of returning combat veterans, of which I am one, as we try to reintegrate into a society that does not understand the war that still lingers within us. In my work, I depict emotional disturbances that are related to my personal encounters with war. My working process starts by referencing mainstream media imagery, which I juxtapose against harsh images inspired by veterans' drug and alcohol use, trauma and death. My black-and-white pixelated paintings feature the fragmented memories of a hostile combat environment, and although “Out of My Mind” depicts the chaotic emotions associated with PTSD, my whimsical style of illustration suggests a detachment from reality. Whether we call it shell shock, battle fatigue or PTSD, the war-related disorder is real. I want society to be aware of the hidden scars that our veterans carry with them. I do not anticipate my subject matter changing any time soon.
M.F.A.
Masters
Visual Arts and Design
Arts and Humanities
Emerging Media; Studio Art and the Computer
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15

Hartman, Jesse G. N. "Therapeutic Spaces For Veterans With PTSD." The Ohio State University, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1338353523.

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Beimesch, Barbara Bolling. "An Investigation of Trauma and PTSD." Xavier University / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=xavier1394882406.

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17

Kline, Alexander C. "PTSD Treatment, Race, and Cultural Identity." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1433417920.

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18

Fagelson, Marc A. "Tinnitus Management Affects Symptoms of PTSD." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2008. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/1629.

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19

Karlsson, Maria, and Asma Sulehria. "PTSD-symptom och dess relation till trauma." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Sektionen för hälsa och samhälle (HOS), 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-17726.

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Personer som genomgått en traumatisk händelse befinner sig i riskzonen för att utveckla post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), som innebär en stor livsbegränsning och ett stort lidande. Dagligen möter hälso- och sjukvårdspersonal personer som ännu ej diagnostiserats och det är därför av vikt att kunna identifiera PTSD-symptom. Syftet med litteraturstudien var att undersöka samband mellan olika trauman och PTSD-symptom enligt diagnostiseringssystemet DSM IV. Studien grundades på en deduktiv ansats och resultatet bestod av 15 vetenskapliga artiklar som granskades. Resultatet behandlade DSM IV:s tre symptomkluster: re-experience/intrusion, avoidance och hyperarousal. Studien fann att det kan föreligga en skillnad mellan olika typer av trauma och vilka PTSD-symptom som var det mest frekvent upplevda. Det framkom också i studien att re-experience/intrusion och avoidance var de kluster som var mest frekventa hos dem som uppvisade PTSD-symptom efter ett trauma. Det finns ett behov av en utökad kvalitativ forskning inom området PTSD-symptom, samtidigt som hälso- och sjukvårdpersonal är i behov av att hålla sig uppdaterade när det kommer till de symptom som är ett resultat av sjukdomen. Det är av vikt att synliggöra PTSD och att låta kunskapen kring psykisk ohälsa få mer utrymme under sjuksköterskeutbildningen. För att tidigare kunna identifiera PTSD krävs en utförligare anamnes, där sjuksköterskan kan synliggöra tidigare upplevda trauman hos personen. Personer som hälso- och sjukvården vet har genomgått ett tidigare trauma kan vara i behov att screenas för PTSD.
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20

Falconer, Erin Michelle Psychology Faculty of Science UNSW. "Inhibitory control in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)." Publisher:University of New South Wales. Psychology, 2008. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/43563.

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Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is an anxiety disorder characterised by disturbed arousal, altered attention, and fear processing, and a reduction in the ability to perform cognitive tasks. Predominant neurophysiological models of PTSD have been focused on alterations in fear-related regulation, and few incorporate broader changes in generic executive control which may underlie many of the clinical symptoms and cognitive deficits in PTSD. This thesis aimed to investigate the neurophysiology of executive inhibitory control in PTSD using a Go/NoGo response inhibition task and converging functional imaging, structural imaging and electrophysiological measures. The first series of studies aimed to elucidate a normative neural network model of inhibitory control, and are consistent with normative control involving the activation of a mainly right-lateralised ventral lateral prefrontal cortex (VLPFC) network. Inhibitory control-related activation was found to be affected by levels of anxiety and changes in underlying neural structure; alterations in frontal cortical maturation and volume were related to additional activation of bilateral frontal cortical regions and the dorsal striatum, with anxiety increasing the demand on inhibitory control-related activation. In contrast to healthy participants, PTSD was associated with reduced inhibitory control as indexed by inhibitory behaviour, diminished activation of the right VLPFC, and slowed inhibition-related information processsing. PTSD participants relied on the greater activation of a left fronto-striatal inhibition network to support control, with the activation affected by levels of PTSD severity and comorbid anxiety. This left fronto-striatal activation in PTSD was related to underlying increases in fronto-striatal neural structure. Further, the ability to efficiently engage a left fronto-striatal network in PTSD during inhibitory control predicted better response to cognitive behavior for PTSD, consistent with the proposal that an improved ability to flexibly engage control systems may facilitate the resolution of PTSD symptoms. Taken together, this program of research extends current neurophysiological model of PTSD to show that PTSD involves a fundamental disturbance in the function and structure of key fronto-striatal response control networks associated with inhibitory control.
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21

Pruneau, Genevieve Mary Catherine Weathers Frank W. "Distinctiveness of avoidance and numbing in PTSD." Auburn, Ala, 2008. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/EtdRoot/2008/SPRING/Psychology/Thesis/Pruneau_Genevieve_10.pdf.

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22

Hively, Giselle G. "Nurses helping returning military personnel with PTSD." Honors in the Major Thesis, University of Central Florida, 2010. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETH/id/1427.

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This item is only available in print in the UCF Libraries. If this is your Honors Thesis, you can help us make it available online for use by researchers around the world by following the instructions on the distribution consent form at http://library.ucf.edu/Systems/DigitalInitiatives/DigitalCollections/InternetDistributionConsentAgreementForm.pdf You may also contact the project coordinator, Kerri Bottorff, at kerri.bottorff@ucf.edu for more information.
Bachelors
Nursing
Nursing
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Golubski, Martha Mae. "HOW COPING, PTSD, AND TREATMENT PREFERENCES INTERACT?" Cleveland State University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu1402652374.

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24

Fagelson, Marc A. "The PTSD Patient in the Audiology Clinic." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2013. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/1650.

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Posttraumatic stress disorder, or PTSD, is associated with enduring and profound impairments affecting emotional stability and the ability to perform fundamental activities. In our VA tinnitus clinic population, more than 35% of the patients carry the diagnosis. Perhaps of greater concern, PTSD is generally acknowledged to be substantially underreported among children (Herman, 1997). Individuals with PTSD experience disruptions to a variety of life functions, intrusive memories, and other powerful symptoms. Functional and emotional consequences of trauma are measured using a variety of handicap scales, and several physiological measures such as EEG and EKG are altered by the effects of trauma. Additionally, fMRI and PET scans reveal enduring changes to neural structures such as the hippocampus following exposure to traumatic events (Bremner, 2002). In this eAudiology Web seminar, we will stress that PTSD should be viewed as a psychological injury; the trauma-provoked physiologic changes that influence not only an individual's to function, but also their ability to obtain benefit from medical care. This presentation will also review the history of the PTSD diagnosis and identify specific elements of the injury that are of significance to audiologists.
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Fagelson, Marc A. "Management of the Tinnitus Patient With PTSD." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2010. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/1639.

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Fagelson, Marc A. "Bi-Directional Effects of Tinnitus and PTSD." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2011. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/1643.

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27

Mawanda, Francis. "Emerging risk factors for dementia: associations between clinical infections, PTSD, psychotropic PTSD medication use, and the risk for dementia." Diss., University of Iowa, 2015. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/2117.

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Dementia is a major public health problem worldwide. Emerging research indicates that clinical infections and PTSD could be important risk factors for dementia. However, evidence for infections and the risk of dementia primarily examines central nervous system (CNS) infections. Extant epidemiological evidence for systemic bacterial infections and the risk for dementia is limited while that for PTSD and the risk for dementia did not account for psychotropic medications commonly used in management of PTSD and could affect cognitive function. The purpose of this study was to 1) review the evidence for CNS infections as possible causes of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) dementia, and 2) using nationwide Veterans Health Administration databases, conduct original retrospective cohort analyses in nationally representative samples of U.S. veterans aged 56 years and older to determine the associations between systemic bacterial infections, PTSD, and psychotropic PTSD medication use with the risk for developing dementia. Review of the research pertaining to an infectious AD etiology hypothesis including the various mechanisms through which different clinical and subclinical infections could cause or promote the progression of AD, and the concordance between putative infectious agents and the epidemiology of AD showed evidence linking AD to an infectious cause to be largely inconclusive; however, the amount of evidence suggestive of an association is too substantial to ignore. Analysis of the associations between systemic bacterial infections and the risk for dementia showed a significant association between exposure to any systemic bacterial infection and an increased risk for dementia (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.20; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.16-1.24) after adjustment for demographic characteristics, and medical and psychiatric comorbidity. In addition, septicemia (HR=1.39; 95%CI=1.16-1.66), bacteremia (HR=1.22; 95%CI=1.0-1.49), osteomyelitis (HR=1.20; 95%CI=1.06-1.37), pneumonia (HR=1.10; 95%CI=1.02-1.19), UTI (HR=1.13; 95%CI=1.08-1.18), and cellulitis (HR=1.14; 95%CI=1.09-1.20) were independently associated with significantly increased risk of developing dementia after adjustment for potential confounders. Analysis of the associations between PTSD and psychotropic PTSD medication use with the risk for dementia showed a significant association between PTSD and the risk for dementia (HR=1.35; 95%CI=1.27-1.43) after adjustment for demographic characteristics, medical and psychiatric comorbidity, and health care utilization. Analysis of the impact of psychotropic PTSD medications including selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI), serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRI), benzodiazepines (BZA), novel antidepressants (NA) and atypical antipsychotics (AA) on the association between PTSD and the risk for dementia showed significant interactions between PTSD and use of SSRIs (p<.0001), NAs (p=.0016), and AAs (p<.0001). Multivariate analysis showed a significant association between PTSD and an increased risk for dementia among individuals not using any psychotropic PTSD medications at baseline (HR=1.70; 95%CI=1.58-1.82). PTSD patients using SSRIs (HR=2.10; 95%CI=1.82-2.41), NAs (2.19; 95%CI=1.94-2.48) or AAs (4.56; 95%CI=4.04-5.15) were significantly more likely to develop dementia compared to those without PTSD and not using any psychotropic PTSD medications. PTSD patients using SSRIs (HR=1.24; 95%CI=1.08-1.42), NAs (HR=1.29; 95% CI=1.14-1.46) or AAs (HR=2.69; 95%CI=2.38-3.04) were also significantly more likely to develop dementia compared to those with PTSD and not using any psychotropic PTSD medications. SNRI (HR=1.35; 95%CI=1.26-1.46) and BZA drug use (HR=1.40; 95%CI=1.35-1.45) at baseline was associated with an increased risk for dementia regardless of PTSD diagnosis. These findings indicate; 1) evidence for an infectious AD etiology hypothesis in inconclusive, 2) both severe (e.g. sepsis), and less severe (e.g. cellulitis) systemic bacterial infections are collectively and independently associated with an increased risk of dementia among older U.S. veterans hence prevention of systemic bacterial infections could positively influence the risk for dementia among older adults, and 3) PTSD and psychotropic medication use are associated with an increased risk for dementia among U.S. veterans. Further epidemiologic, clinical, and basic science research is required to elucidate the mechanisms and the associations between infections and the risk for dementia and to determine if the independent and effect modifying impacts of psychotropic PTSD medication use on the risk for dementia are related to differences in PTSD severity, other psychiatric comorbidity, or whether psychotropic PTSD medication use is an independent risk factor for dementia.
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Frans, Örjan. "Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) in the General Population." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Psychology, 2003. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-3528.

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This thesis explored the epidemiology of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and different aspects of the disorder. Firstly, we investigated the lifetime prevalence of traumatic experiences and PTSD in the general adult population in Sweden and evaluated the impact of different trauma types, trauma frequency, and perceived distress. The results show that traumatic experiences are common and PTSD is not rare; roughly one out of ten traumatic events results in PTSD, with a 5.6% lifetime prevalence. The female/male ratio is 2:1. The risk for PTSD increases considerably with a high trauma-associated emotional impact. The distressing impact of a given trauma appears to be higher in women than in men, indicating an increased vulnerability in women. Secondly, we hypothesized that traffic road accidents (TRA’s) are one of the most prevalent types of traumatic events in Swedish society; therefore, we examined the impact of event and response characteristics associated with TRA’s on PTSD development. The data demonstrate that of those who had experienced a TRA (n=1074, 58.9%), 6.1% reported lifetime PTSD. TRA’s associated with fatal accidents and injury to oneself and related to high distress more than double the risk for PTSD. Thirdly, we compared the relative merits of the DSM-IV’s three-factor solution for PTSD symptoms to alternative models. We found that the symptomatology is equally well accounted for using all factor analytic models as yet presented in the literature; the DSM-IV, we found, provides as good a fit to data as other models. Fourthly, we examined the neurofunctional correlates of PTSD symptoms and whether a treatment-induced (serotonin reuptake inhibitor - SSRI) reduction of PTSD symptoms is associated with altered rCBF during symptom provocation. Our results indicate that PTSD symptoms correlates with areas involved in memory, emotion, attention, and motor control and that SSRI treatment normalizes provocation-induced rCBF in these areas.

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Henes, Kathrin. "Traces of a trauma - pharmacological interventions of PTSD." Diss., lmu, 2012. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-142756.

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30

Lipinska, Malgorzata. "The relationship between sleep and memory in PTSD." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/12145.

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Includes abstract.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 117-127).
Previous research has shown that in normal individuals sleep is critical to the formation of memories. Successful memory consolidation during sleep is contingent on the presence of slowwave sleep (SWS), REM sleep and the successful transition of stages across the night. In PTSD, both sleep and memory processes are disrupted, but no previous study has examined whether these two variables are inter-related. This study aimed at determining whether disrupted sleep was a mechanism underlying declarative memory deficits in PTSD, investigating whether memory consolidation during sleep is disrupted in PTSD diagnosed individuals in comparison with controls.
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Van, Wyk Mariza. "The relationship between PTSD, hypervigilance and disordered sleep." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/13992.

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Disordered sleep in PTSD constitutes a major component of the presenting symptomatology. However, the literature on PTSD and sleep is characterized by discrepancies across studies, especially due to the fact that some use objective and some use subjective measures of sleep quality. As a result, disordered sleep and its underlying mechanism have been ambiguously characterized in PTSD. Our research focused on the link between PTSD and disordered sleep, using both objective and subjective measures of sleep quality. Specifically, we investigated hypervigilance (one of the three symptom clusters in the PTSD diagnosis) as an underlying mechanism of this link. We also investigated whether hypervigilance affects dream content and themes in individuals with PTSD.
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Lawrence, Richard Jason. "PTSD and High-Risk Behaviors in Trauma Survivors." Cleveland State University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu1337225835.

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Garcia, Monica. "Differential Effects of Hydrocortisone on PTSD Symptom Clusters." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1523196739368854.

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Schweitzer, Sabine. "Prävalenz von traumatischen Lebenserfahrungen und PTSD bei Strafgefangenen." [S.l. : s.n.], 2003. http://www.bsz-bw.de/cgi-bin/xvms.cgi?SWB10405590.

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Fagelson, Marc A. "Associations Between Tinnitus and PTSD Affect Tinnitus Management." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2004. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/1617.

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Fagelson, Marc A. "Hyperacusis and PTSD in a Veteran Tinnitus Clinic." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2009. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/1633.

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Fagelson, Marc A. "Loudness Growth in Patients with Tinnitus and PTSD." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2005. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/1618.

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38

Castro-Chapman, Paula. "Reactivity and Recovery Among OIF/OEF/OND Combat Veterans: Do Those with Subthreshold PTSD Differ From Veterans with and without PTSD?" Scholar Commons, 2016. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/6476.

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This study expanded the current literature by assessing PTSD in relation to reactivity and recovery from negative emotional arousal among OEF/OIF/OND Veterans. Cardiac impedance was employed during a speech task and a trauma imagery procedure. Those in the PTSD-S group displayed lower SBP and higher TPR reactivity relative to the PTSD- and PTSD+ groups; lower CO reactivity relative to the PTSD+ group; and more CO recovery than those in the PTSD+ group to the trauma task. For speech task, Veterans in the PTSD-S group exhibited lower HR reactivity for both speech preparation and delivery than those in the PTSD- group. Depression was not a significant mediator in the relation between PTSD and reactivity. However, further analyses revealed that it served as a moderator between PTSD and reactivity during speech preparation (SBP, HR, and PEP reactivity), and speech delivery (HR, PEP, and CO reactivity). Simple slopes analysis revealed that depression was positively associated with HR and SBP (speech preparation) and HR (speech delivery) for those in the PTSD-S group. For those in the PTSD- group, depression was positively associated with PEP during the speech task (to include preparation) and negatively associated with SBP and CO (speech preparation) and HR and CO (speech delivery). For those in the PTSD+ group, depression was negatively associated with CO and positively associated with PEP. For the most part, Veterans in the PTSD-S group exhibited lower reactivity to both tasks than Veterans in the PTSD+ group or combat-exposed controls without PTSD. In light of the emerging evidence relating blunted reactivity to unhealthy behaviors and negative health outcomes (e.g., depression, obesity), it would appear that both extremes, exaggerated and diminished reactivity are maladaptive responses to stress and that the most optimally response to stress is a moderate reaction.
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Egbufoama, Jane. "Screening and Educating Military Veterans About Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder." ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/5183.

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Veterans are at increased risk for developing mental illnesses because of separation from families, distressing experiences in the military, and previous injury to the brain. Approximately 30% of U.S. veterans returning from war suffer from post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The incidence of acute PTSD is reduced when victims are aware of the condition and its associated factors. Through education and screening, the project bridged the gap between deployment of military veterans and treatment of PTSD in this population by addressing whether screening veterans and providing an educational process affected veterans' early PTSD recognition and treatment. The project study addressed the impact of staff education on identifying undiagnosed PTSD among veterans at the project site. The project was guided by the adult learning theory that was applied to fit the self-efficacy model. Data collection included screening of 99 veterans by clinic staff members using the PTSD checklist. Staff members also completed pretests and posttests before and after the education program. Results indicated that staff members demonstrated increased knowledge of the PTSD from pretest (50%) to posttest (93%). Of the veterans screened in the project, 30(30%) tested positive for PTSD and were referred to psychiatrists for treatment and medication to ameliorate the symptoms. Findings may be used to encourage implementation of PTSD screening and education in health care organizations ensuring positive social change by veterans suffering from PTSD and the care they need early in the progression of PTSD development.
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Brunet, Katerine. "PTSD following recovery from a first episode of psychosis." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.434704.

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Connor, Pamela K., and pamela connor@deakin edu au. "Guideline-based programs in the treatment of complex PTSD." Deakin University. School of Psychology, 2005. http://tux.lib.deakin.edu.au./adt-VDU/public/adt-VDU20061207.123317.

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The term “post-traumatic stress disorder” (PTSD) is a relatively new diagnostic label, being formally recognized in 1980 in the Diagnostic Statistical Manual for Psychiatric Illness – Third Edition (DSM-III) of the American Psychiatric Association (APA, 1980). Complex Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (CP) is a more recently discussed, and newly-classified, phenomenon, initially discussed in the early 1990s (Herman, 1992a). Thus, as research into effective treatments for CP is sparse, the treatment of CP is the topic of this study, in which a guideline-based treatment program developed by the researcher for the treatment of CP is implemented and evaluated. Ten individuals participated in this study, undertaking individualized, guideline-based treatment programs spanning a period of six months. In providing background information relevant to this study, an explanation is provided regarding the nature of CP, and the reasons for its consideration as a separate phenomenon to PTSD. The adequacy of the PTSD formulation in enabling effective assessment and treatment of CP is also explored, with endorsement of previous researchers’ conclusions that the CP construct is more useful than the PTSD construct for assessing and treating survivors of long-term and multiple forms of abuse. The PTSD classification is restrictive, and not necessarily appropriate for certain forms of trauma (such as prolonged trauma, or multiple forms of trauma), as such trauma experiences may lead to specific effects that lay outside those formerly associated with PTSD. Such effects include alterations in affect regulation, consciousness, self-perception, interpersonal relationships, and in systems of meaning. Following discussion regarding the PTSD/CP classification, an examination of treatment methods currently used in the treatment of PTSD, and a review of treatment outcome studies, takes place. The adequacy of primary treatment methods in treating CP symptoms is then examined, with the conclusion that a range of treatment methods could potentially be useful in the treatment of CP symptoms. Individuals with a diagnosis of CP may benefit from the adoption of an eclectic approach, drawing on different treatment options for different symptoms, and constantly evaluating client progress and re-evaluating interventions. This review of treatment approaches is followed by details of an initial study undertaken to obtain feedback from individuals who had suffered long-term/multiple trauma and who had received treatment. Participants in this initial study were asked open-ended questions regarding the treatment approach they had experienced, the most useful aspect of the treatment, the least useful aspect, and other strategies/treatment approaches that may have been useful – but which were not used. The feedback obtained from these individuals was used to inform the development of treatment guidelines for use in the main study, as were recommendations made by Chu (1998). The predominant focus of the treatment guidelines was “ego strengthening”, a term coined by Chu (1998) to describe the “initial (sometimes lengthy) period of developing fundamental skills in maintaining supportive relationships, developing self-care strategies, coping with symptomatology, improving functioning, and establishing a positive self identity” (p.75). Using a case study approach, data are then presented relating to each of the ten individuals involved in the treatment program: details of his/her trauma experience(s)and the impact of the trauma (as perceived by each individual); details of each individual’s treatment program (as planned, and as implemented); post-treatment evaluation of the positive and negative aspects of the treatment program (from the therapist’s perspective); and details of the symptoms reported by the individual post-treatment, via psychometric assessment and also during interview. Analysis and discussion of the data relating to the ten participants in the study are the focal point of this study. The evaluation of the effectiveness of each individual’s treatment has been based predominantly on qualitative data, obtained from an analysis of language (discourse analysis) used by participants to describe their symptoms pre- and post-treatment. Both blatant and subtle changes in the language used by participants to describe themselves, their behaviour, and their relationships pre- and post-treatment have provided an insight into the possible changes that occurred as a result of the treatment program. The language used by participants has been a rich source of data, one that has enabled the researcher to obtain information that could not be obtained using psychometric assessment methods. Most of the participants in this study portrayed notable changes in many of the CP symptoms, including being more stable and having improved capacity to explore their early abuse. Although no direct cause-effect relationship between the participants’ treatment program and the improvements described can be established from this study, the participants’ perception that the program assisted them with their symptoms, and reported many aspects of “ego strengthening”, is of major importance. Such self-perception of strength and empowerment is important if an individual is going to be able to deal with past trauma experiences. In fact, abreactive work may have a greater chance of succeeding if those who have experienced long-term or multiple trauma are feeling more empowered, and more stable, as were the participants in this study (post-intervention). In concluding this study, recommendations have been made in regard to the use of guideline-based treatment programs in the responsible treatment of CP. Strengths and limitations of this study have also been highlighted, and recommendations have been made regarding possibilities for future research related to CP treatment. On the whole, this study has supported strongly other research that highlights the importance of focusing on “ego strengthening” in assisting those who have suffered long-term/multiple trauma experiences. Thus, a guideline-based program focusing on assisting sufferers of long-term trauma with some, or all, of the symptoms of CP, is recommended as an important first stage of any treatment of individuals who have experienced long-term/multiple trauma, allowing them to develop the emotional and psychological strength required to deal with past traumatic events. Clinicians who are treating patients whose history depicts long-term or multiple trauma experiences (either from their childhood, or at some stage in their adult life) need, therefore, to be mindful of assessing individuals for symptoms of CP – so that they can treat these symptoms prior to engaging in any work associated directly with the past traumatic experiences.
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42

Wheeler, Mark. "Managing common mental disorders and PTSD in the community." Thesis, University of Essex, 2018. http://repository.essex.ac.uk/23629/.

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This thesis initially focuses on primary mental health provision within the community across common mental health disorders. It analyses a data set of Improved Access to Psychological Therapies (IAPT) service users from the North East Essex IAPT service Health in Mind. The analysis initially focuses on identifying predictors for referrals, non-attendance (did not attend/DNA) and levels of engagement. Following on from this examination of the data further analysis is undertaken on success assessment for the service users in the data set. An alternative assessment criterion is proposed and explored. Next, in response to increased pressure on NHS resources and services and to explore why certain client groups have high levels of non-engagement, the thesis then explores the specific mental health disorder of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) in a client group of British Military Veterans. A series of three pilot studies (angling, falconry/archery and equine intervention) are carried out to explore the validity of a proposed new intervention to reduce PTSD symptomology, Peer Outdoor Exposure Therapy (POET). To extrapolate the learning achieved through the pilot studies a Random Control Trial (RCT) was executed looking at the efficacy of POET when utilising the most effective of the pilot study formats, angling. To enhance the knowledge obtained through the RCT a thematic analysis of four in depth interviews with participants from the study, thirty three months after their attendance, was utilised to help formulate a psychological model of the effect of POET.
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43

Thomas, Glen. "Violent men : investigating mental disorder, substance use and PTSD." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/32508.

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This study considered the relationship between mental disorder, substance use, violence, trauma and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) problems in a sample of male patients within a mental health directorate of a high secure hospital. All patients admitted to the service in the five years prior to March 2010 were considered for the study. A total of fifty-two patients were approached to participate in the study, of which 32 consented, representing 25% of all patients in the service. Multiple methods of assessment incorporating both qualitative and quantitative approaches were used to gather information on mental health, substance misuse, violence, and trauma and posttraumatic stress disorder problems. A full data set was completed for twenty-eight patients and a partial data set for a further four. The sample was found to have a considerable history of poly-drug use, previous contact with psychiatric services, and convictions for serious violence. Differences were found between patients with a paranoid schizophrenia and schizophrenia diagnosis in relation to, types of drugs used and dependency to drugs, with drug preference and sensitivity to drug effects being found to differ between the two groups. A relationship was also found between type, level, frequency and dependency to a number of drugs and frequency and type of violence convictions which differed between diagnostic groups. Likewise, previous psychiatric and custodial history was also found to be associated with substance use and violence convictions. The sample also had an extensive trauma history and while rates of PTSD were low, the prevalence of sub-clinical PTSD symptoms was found to be extensive. PTSD problems were found to be associated with mental health and substance misuse problems, and some instances of violence. These findings suggest that PTSD related difficulties need to be considered when looking at substance misuse in people with a severe mental health diagnosis.
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44

Shteynberg, Yuliya A. "Association of Personality Facets with Unique Dimensions of PTSD." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2018. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1157513/.

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The present study aims to examine which maladaptive and Big Five personality traits, as well as which lower order facets, are related to symptoms specific to PTSD (i.e., intrusions and avoidance). Unique effects were isolated by controlling for nonspecific general depression that occurs in the disorder but is not specific to it. 707 undergraduate students were administered a self-report online survey to assess their personality, trauma history, PTSD and mood symptoms. Additionally, data from 536 9/11 World Trade Center (WTC) responders who have been administered personality, PTSD, and mood surveys as part of a longitudinal study were analyzed. As expected, neuroticism was highly correlated with PTSD, but had fewer associations with PTSD dimensions after controlling for depression. Trust and agreeableness emerged as important, being negatively related to PTSD, while most maladaptive personality domains and facets were positively related to PTSD (perceptual dysregulation had the highest association). Other traits, such as antagonism and openness, were not significantly related to PTSD. There is growing evidence that clinical interventions can change personality traits; the present study provides new personality targets for intervention that are uniquely related to PTSD.
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Smith, Brandon M., and L. Lee Glenn. "Effect Size of Testimonials on Treatment Choice in PTSD." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2013. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/7479.

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Excerpt: A recent study published in Workplace Health & Safety concluded, “Morbidity burden level is an indicator of work limitations in employees with diabetes and can be used to identify employees who may benefit from specialized services aimed at addressing their work limitations associated with diabetes” (Sylvia et al., 2012, p. 425). This conclusion is not warranted by the findings of the study because of limitations to both internal and external validity.
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46

Avery, Warren Joseph. "The Dimensions of Hardiness and Resiliency for Combat PTSD." Antioch University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=antioch1397163034.

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47

Sadleir, Henrik, and Aram Harpak. "Upplevelser av vården hos personer med PTSD : En litteraturöversikt." Thesis, Ersta Sköndal Bräcke högskola, Institutionen för vårdvetenskap, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:esh:diva-8541.

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48

Ovaert, Lynda B. "Differences between Acknowledged and Unacknowledged Rape: Occurrence of PTSD." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1994. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc278638/.

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This study examined the relation between level of rape acknowledgement and levels of PTSD symptoms reported in female college students. Subjects were administered the Sexual Experiences Survey (SES), the PTSD Interview, and a demographics questionnaire. Subjects were then grouped into the following categories based on their responses to the SES: reported rape victims, acknowledged rape victims, unacknowledged rape victims, and a control group of non-rape subjects. Small sample analyses did not reveal the expected linear relation between the two variables. Only the acknowledged group showed greater PTSD symptoms. The unacknowledged and control groups did not significantly differ on overall PTSD symptom severity, or on any cluster of PTSD symptoms. Naturalistic selection factors are discussed that could have affected the outcome of the study.
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Barratt, Joanne. "An exploration of shame in PTSD treatment and psychosis." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2015. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/76647/.

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This thesis is an exploration of shame in Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder and Psychosis. It begins with a systematic review considering the effectiveness of psychological treatment for PTSD in reducing shame. The literature search revealed 16 articles which were included in the review. The reviewed literature suggested existing PTSD treatments effectively reduce feelings of shame and PTSD symptoms. No particular treatment or intervention component was indicated to be more effective for reducing shame in PTSD. The second chapter reports on a quantitative study that explored the relationship between shame, childhood trauma, delusional beliefs, auditory hallucinations and fears of compassion. Self-report questionnaires were completed by 30 people with psychosis. The results showed people who reported childhood trauma also reported higher levels external shame. People who reported more feelings of external shame also reported higher levels of internal shame. There was a relationship between internal shame and delusional beliefs. Fears of compassion were found to correlate with shame and delusional beliefs. Shame was not shown to mediate between childhood trauma and delusional beliefs or auditory hallucinations. The findings are considered in relation to previous research, theoretical models and therapeutic models. Clinical implications and future research are also discussed. The final paper is a reflective account of the researcher’s experiences of conducting sensitive research with a vulnerable client group. Specific consideration is afforded to the impact of the research on clinicians, participants, as well as the researcher. The journey from the idea development through to its completion is deliberated.
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Smith-Lee, Chong Penelope Anastasia. "The experiences of EMDR therapists when working with PTSD." Thesis, University of Wolverhampton, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2436/601134.

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Trauma therapists increasingly use EMDR when working with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and trauma clients as it is recommended by NICE guidelines (2005) however until recently research focused on the negative impact of trauma work. Posttraumatic Growth (PTG) appears to be the most commonly used term for ‘growth’ however attempts to define and measure it can be criticised for being reductionist in approach as it reduced five factors into three outcomes based on the client’s growth. Research on trauma therapists’ growth has relied on client definitions that is; Vicarious PTG is based on PTG although there are a couple of studies which collaborate these findings. This study aims to address the literature and practitioner gap by exploring EMDR therapists’ lived experiences of ‘vicarious growth’ when working with PTSD symptom clients. Semi-structured interviews were used to collect data from a homogeneous sample of six EMDR therapists who stated that they had positive experiences or experienced growth (positive change) when working with PTSD symptom clients. Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) was used to analyse the data. Rich, detailed findings in terms of how ‘growth’ is experienced emerged as four super-ordinate themes: A: Initial struggles; B: Experiences of the “healing journey”; C: Growth through connecting and D: Impact of growth on ‘self’. Implications of experiences of the therapeutic relationship as a “healing journey” for therapists were discussed in terms of a potential power imbalance where they might be viewed as ‘experts’. However, a better understanding of how therapists experience ‘vicarious growth’ with their clients enables them to utilise this knowledge to develop their own growth and self-awareness therefore supervision and training to encourage self-awareness was also discussed. These Positive Psychology (growth) findings such as self-belief in skills; use of ‘special set’ of clients; self-image as 3 ‘guide’ and the spread of growth to areas outside of therapy can be utilised to add Positive Psychology (growth) into existing supervision and training (EMDR and trauma) thereby enhancing existing models or creating new ones. Therapists growth and well-being may lead to lower occupational risk than was previously thought working amongst trauma clients and perhaps greater job satisfaction. KEYWORDS: Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR), Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), Posttraumatic Growth (PTG), Vicarious Posttraumatic Growth (VPTG), Vicarious Growth (VG), Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA); EMDR therapists; Positive Psychology.
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