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Journal articles on the topic 'Pt probe'

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Published: 22 June 2024

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1

Freitas, João R., Sara Pimenta, Diogo J. Santos, Bruno Esteves, Nuno M. Gomes, and José H. Correia. "Flexible Neural Probe Fabrication Enhanced with a Low-Temperature Cured Polyimide and Platinum Electrodeposition." Sensors 22, no. 24 (December 10, 2022): 9674. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22249674.

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Polyimide is an emerging and very interesting material for substrate and passivation of neural probes. However, the standard curing temperature of polyimide (350 °C) is critical for the microelectrodes and contact pads of the neural probe, due to the thermal oxidation of the metals during the passivation process of the neural probe. Here, the fabrication process of a flexible neural probe, enhanced with a photosensitive and low-temperature cured polyimide, is presented. Annealing tests were performed with metallic films deposited on polyimide, which led to the reduction of the curing temperature to 250 °C, with no significant irregularities in the metallic sample annealed at that temperature and an effective polyimide curing. The use of a lower curing temperature reduces the thermal oxidation of the metals during the polyimide curing process to passivate the neural probe. Additionally, in this fabrication process, the microelectrodes of the neural probe were coated with electrodeposited platinum (Pt), only after the passivation process, and its electrochemical performance was accessed. At 1 kHz, the impedance of the microelectrodes before Pt electrodeposition was approximately 1.2 MΩ, and after Pt electrodeposition, it was approximately 350 kΩ. Pt electrodeposition changed the equivalent circuit of the microelectrodes and reduced their impedance, which will be crucial for future in-vivo tests to acquire the electrical activity of the neurons with the fabricated neural probe.
2

Xu, Zong Wei, Feng Zhou Fang, and Xiao Tang Hu. "Fabrication of Carbon Nanotube Probes in Atomic Force Microscopy." Advanced Materials Research 76-78 (June 2009): 497–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.76-78.497.

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Carbon nanotube (CNT) probe used in atomic force microscopy (AFM) was fabricated by using electron beam induced Pt deposition method. The bonding force for CNT probe was found to be larger than 500nN. The nanotube probe’s length was shortened by focused ion beam milling process. It is confirmed that the CNT probe shows higher aspect ratio than the Si probe. The nanotube probes with fullerene-like cap end present higher imaging resolution than those with open end.
3

Middleton, Christine. "Laser pulses probe quantum beats." Physics Today 75, no. 3 (March 1, 2022): 18–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/pt.3.4957.

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4

Benka, Stephen. "Optical pump-probe diagnosis for melanoma?" Physics Today 64, no. 7 (July 2011): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/pt.3.1154.

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5

Blau, Steven K. "An optical probe of quantum gravity?" Physics Today 65, no. 5 (May 2012): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/pt.3.1546.

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6

Castanon, Elisa G., Alexander Fernández Scarioni, Hans W. Schumacher, Steve Spencer, Richard Perry, James A. Vicary, Charles A. Clifford, and Héctor Corte-León. "Calibrated Kelvin-probe force microscopy of 2D materials using Pt-coated probes." Journal of Physics Communications 4, no. 9 (October 1, 2020): 095025. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2399-6528/abb984.

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7

Zhukov, M. V., F. E. Komissarenko, and A. M. Mozharov. "Kelvin probe force microscopy with high aspect ratio Pt/C nanowhisker probes." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1135 (December 2018): 012040. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1135/1/012040.

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8

Li, Michelle S. M., Fraser P. Filice, and Zhifeng Ding. "Submicron probes for scanning electrochemical microscopy." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 96, no. 3 (March 2018): 328–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjc-2017-0611.

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To improve the spatial resolutions of scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) imaging, the laser-pulled submicron electrode fabrication method was explored in this work. Manual polishing of a laser-pulled Pt nanoelectrode exposed a Pt tip diameter of 250 nm with a ratio of the tip glass to exposed Pt disc (RG) of 30. This fabricated submicron probe was then utilized to study the electrochemical functionality of an independently addressable microband electrodes (IAME) sample using SECM. In the constant imaging mode of SECM, where the probe is scanned linearly across the sample at a fixed z position, SECM demonstrated higher resolution than that of the conventional micrometer electrodes when the feedback currents from the Pt and glass microbands were characterized. In addition, the depth scan imaging mode of SECM was also used to extract experimental horizontal line scans and probe approach curves for analysis. Three-dimensional (3D) simulations of the IAME–SECM probe experiments were explored for the first time to quantify the tip-to-sample distances, tilt angle of the sample (or electrode), and height of the Pt microbands. The experimentally characterized height was found to be similar to manufacturer specification (125 nm vs 110 nm). Furthermore, the more computationally demanding 3D simulation of the true IAME sample geometry (110 nm height of the Pt microbands) revealed minimal difference in feedback behaviours in comparison with the idealized flat geometry. The removal of this simulation complexity was proved to be sufficient for SECM analysis of the IAME sample by a 250 nm Pt probe, which greatly saves computation resources.
9

Day, Charles. "A new probe for a changing constant." Physics Today 68, no. 12 (December 2015): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/pt.3.3007.

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10

Pu, J., X. L. Hu, J. Liao, Y. W. Li, J. L. Qin, Y. L. Xie, C. G. Zhan, X. L. Yang, and F. Liao. "Achievement of linear response for competitive bioaffinity assays of ligands: criteria of optimized interaction systems." RSC Advances 6, no. 112 (2016): 110858–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ra06426d.

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For a linear response, an optimized competitive bioaffinity assay of a ligand requiresCRT> 3 ×CPT,CPT> 50 ×KdR, andKdR> 260 ×KdX(CRTandCPTare concentrations of the probe and protein whileKdXandKdRareKdfor the ligand and probe, respectively).
11

Zanetti, Chiara, Liang Li, Rafael Di Lazaro Gaspar, Elisa Santovito, Sophia Elisseeva, Stuart G. Collins, Anita R. Maguire, and Dmitri B. Papkovsky. "Susceptibility of the Different Oxygen-Sensing Probes to Interferences in Respirometric Bacterial Assays with Complex Media." Sensors 24, no. 1 (January 2, 2024): 267. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s24010267.

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Respirometric microbial assays are gaining popularity, but their uptake is limited by the availability of optimal O2 sensing materials and the challenge of validating assays with complex real samples. We conducted a comparative evaluation of four different O2-sensing probes based on Pt-porphyrin phosphors in respirometric bacterial assays performed on standard time-resolved fluorescence reader. The macromolecular MitoXpress, nanoparticle NanO2 and small molecule PtGlc4 and PtPEG4 probes were assessed with E. coli cells in five growth media: nutrient broth (NB), McConkey (MC), Rapid Coliform ChromoSelect (RCC), M-Lauryl lauryl sulfate (MLS), and Minerals-Modified Glutamate (MMG) media. Respiration profiles of the cells were recorded and analyzed, along with densitometry profiles and quenching studies of individual media components. This revealed several limiting factors and interferences impacting assay performance, which include probe quenched lifetime, instrument temporal resolution, inner filter effects (mainly by indicator dyes), probe binding to lipophilic components, and dynamic and static quenching by media components. The study allowed for the ranking of the probes based on their ruggedness, resilience to interferences and overall performance in respirometric bacterial assays. The ‘shielded’ probe NanO2 outperformed the established MitoXpress probe and the small molecule probes PtGlc4 and PtPEG4.
12

Han, Juyeon, Jungsik Choi, Hyeonyeong Jeong, Daerl Park, Eunji Cheong, Jaesuk Sung, and Heon-Jin Choi. "Impact of Impedance Levels on Recording Quality in Flexible Neural Probes." Sensors 24, no. 7 (April 4, 2024): 2300. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s24072300.

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Flexible neural probes are attractive emerging technologies for brain recording because they can effectively record signals with minimal risk of brain damage. Reducing the electrode impedance of the probe before recording is a common practice of many researchers. However, studies investigating the impact of low impedance levels on high-quality recordings using flexible neural probes are lacking. In this study, we electrodeposited Pt onto a commercial flexible polyimide neural probe and investigated the relationship between the impedance level and the recording quality. The probe was inserted into the brains of anesthetized mice. The electrical signals of neurons in the brain, specifically the ventral posteromedial nucleus of the thalamus, were recorded at impedance levels of 50, 250, 500 and 1000 kΩ at 1 kHz. The study results demonstrated that as the impedance decreased, the quality of the signal recordings did not consistently improve. This suggests that extreme lowering of the impedance may not always be advantageous in the context of flexible neural probes.
13

Zhang, Bo, Xiang Zhao Zhang, Hui Wang, Gui Wu Liu, Hai Cheng Shao, and Guan Jun Qiao. "Preparation and Resistivity of Zirconia Oxygen Sensor Probe." Key Engineering Materials 697 (July 2016): 267–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.697.267.

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A ZrO2/Al2O3 (molar ratio of 1: 1, ZA) composite ceramic was formed by slip casting as solid electrolyte in a zirconia oxygen sensor. The bonding of the ZA ceramic green body to 95% Al2O3 ceramic green body support tube was carried out at 900 oC for 60 min by the gradient joining technique using pure Al2O3 slurry as the interlayer. Subsequently, the Pt slurry was coated on the surface of the pre-sintered composite ceramic, and then co-sintered at 1550 oC for 60 min to fabricate a Pt/ceramic composite probe. The interface microstructure and bonding mechanism were briefly investigated, and the electrical conductivity of the probe was tested. The experimental results show that the two high-quality ZA/Al2O3 and ZA/Pt interfaces were obtained. In particular, the relationship between the logarithm of conductivity (lnρ) and the reciprocal of temperature was well in accord with the Arrhenius equation. The Pt/ceramic composite probe presented the typical characteristic of high-temperature ionic conduction.
14

Li, Tong, Paul A. J. Bagot, Elvis Christian, Brian R. C. Theobald, Jonathan D. B. Sharman, Dogan Ozkaya, Michael P. Moody, S. C. Edman Tsang, and George D. W. Smith. "Atomic Imaging of Carbon-Supported Pt, Pt/Co, and Ir@Pt Nanocatalysts by Atom-Probe Tomography." ACS Catalysis 4, no. 2 (January 28, 2014): 695–702. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cs401117e.

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15

Yang, Jing, Lili Sun, Liang Hao, Gang-Gang Yang, Zhi-Cong Zou, Qian Cao, Liang-Nian Ji, and Zong-Wan Mao. "A halogen ion-selective phosphorescence turn-on probe based on induction of Pt–Pt interactions." Chemical Communications 55, no. 75 (2019): 11191–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9cc05093k.

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16

Rodier, Jean-François, Michel Velten, Marc Wilt, Pierre Martel, Gwanaël Ferron, Véronique Vaini-Elies, Hervé Mignotte, et al. "Prospective Multicentric Randomized Study Comparing Periareolar and Peritumoral Injection of Radiotracer and Blue Dye for the Detection of Sentinel Lymph Node in Breast Sparing Procedures: FRANSENODE Trial." Journal of Clinical Oncology 25, no. 24 (August 20, 2007): 3664–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2006.08.4228.

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Purpose To determine the optimal injection path for blue dye and radiocolloid for sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy in early breast cancer. Patients and Methods A prospective randomized multicentric study was initiated to compare the peritumoral (PT) injection site to the periareolar (PA) site in 449 patients. Results The detection rate of axillary SLN by lymphoscintigraphy was significantly higher (P = .03) in the PA group (85.2%) than in the PT group (73.2%). Intraoperative detection rate by blue dye and/or gamma probe was similar (99.11%) in both groups. The rate of SLN detection was somewhat higher in the PA group than in the PT group: 95.6% versus 93.8% with blue dye (P = .24) and 98.2% versus 96.0% by probe (P = .16), respectively. The number of SLNs detected by lymphoscintigraphy and by probe was significantly higher in the PA group than in the PT group, 1.5 versus 1.2 (P = .001) and 1.9 versus 1.7 (P = .02). The blue and hot concordance was 95.6% in the PA group and 91.5% in the PT group (P = .08). The mean ex vivo count of the SLN was significantly higher in the PA group than in the PT group (P < .0001). Conclusion This study strongly validates the PA injection technique given the high detection rate (99.1%) of SLN and the high concordance (95.6%) between blue dye and the radiotracer, as well as higher significant ex and in vivo counts, improving SLN probe detection.
17

Blau, Steven K. "Gravity Probe B concludes its 50-year quest." Physics Today 64, no. 7 (July 2011): 14–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/pt.3.1150.

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18

Kim, Han Hwi, and Hyung-Tae Lim. "Monitoring Internal Oxygen Partial Pressure in YSZ Electrolyte Under Electrolysis Cell Mode Using 4-Electrode System." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2023-01, no. 54 (August 28, 2023): 52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-015452mtgabs.

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When solid oxide cells are operated in electrolysis mode, high oxygen pressures can be developed in electrolyte near the oxygen electrode/ electrolyte interface, leading to oxygen electrode delamination. Monitoring oxygen partial pressure in the electrolyte is necessary for the prevention of catastrophic failure in solid oxide electrolysis cells (SOECs). In this study, we applied four-electrode system to fuel electrode-supported SOECs. Four–electrode consists of air electrode, fuel electrode, Pt probe embedded in electrolyte and Pt reference electrode on the electrolyte edge. We measured internal electric potential near the oxygen electrode with respect to the reference electrode using embedded Pt probe. Based on this experimental setup, internal partial pressure of oxygen at the Pt probe location was determined. As tracing changes in internal oxygen partial pressure with varying overvoltage or current density, we investigated the relationship between operating conditions and the tendency of chemo-mechanical failure in solid oxide electrolysis cells.
19

Миронов, В. Л., Р. В. Горев, О. Л. Ермолаева, Н. С. Гусев, and Ю. В. Петров. "Воздействие поля зонда магнитно-силового микроскопа на скирмионное состояние в модифицированной пленке Co/Pt с перпендикулярной анизотропией." Физика твердого тела 61, no. 9 (2019): 1644. http://dx.doi.org/10.21883/ftt.2019.09.48104.07n.

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We present the experimental magnetization reversal of artificial magnetic skyrmions in a Co/Pt multilayer film with perpendicular magnetization by a magnetic force microscope probe. The sample was a Co/Pt film containing an array of cylindrical regions with reduced anisotropy, which were modified by a focused He+ ion beam. The magnetic state of the sample was monitored by magnetic force microscopy. The local magnetization reversal was performed by the field of magnetic force microscope probe passing over the sample at low height. The effects of magnetostatic interaction between the probe field and skyrmion magnetization in these structures are investigated by micromagnetic simulations.
20

Feder, Toni. "Future gravitational-wave detectors aim to probe early universe." Physics Today 71, no. 10 (October 2018): 25–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/pt.3.4041.

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21

Poh, H. Y., C. C. I. Ang, T. L. Jin, F. N. Tan, G. J. Lim, S. Wu, F. Poh, and W. S. Lew. "Continuous film spin–orbit torque characterization via four probe measurement." Applied Physics Letters 121, no. 1 (July 4, 2022): 012405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0092471.

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Spin–orbit torque (SOT) characterization techniques generally require the Hall cross that generally demands lithography resources and time. It is highly desirable to characterize SOT efficiencies with minimal sample processing time. Here, we demonstrate a lithography-free technique to determine the spin–orbit torque efficiency in a perpendicular magnetic anisotropy ferromagnetic heterostructure. By utilizing a customized four-point probe in a rhombus geometry, harmonic Hall measurement was performed on continuous films of a Pt/Co/Ti structure to characterize the spin–orbit torque efficiency. A correction factor, which is due to the non-uniform current distribution across the continuous film, was experimentally evaluated by taking the ratio of the measured damping-like field of the continuous film to that of a fabricated Hall device. Additionally, this correction factor is analytically derived and experimentally shown to be determined by the configuration of the probes and is independent of the structure material. Our measurement reveals that by performing a single calibration process for the particular set of probes, the same correction factor was validated on a second ferromagnetic heterostructure, Ti/Pt/Co/Ta; hence, it can be applied to other SOT films' stack measurements. Our four-probe harmonic Hall technique provides an alternative and swift way for SOT investigations by eliminating multiple lithography processes necessary in conventional approaches.
22

Chen, Ben-Qi, Meng Yang, Wen-Chun Liao, Zi-Ying Li, Zhi-Xiong Chen, Yun-Hui Yang, Tong Yang, and Rong Hu. "A Sensitive Electrochemical Aptasensor for Ochratoxin A Detection Based on Double Cascade Amplification Strategy with Nb.BbvCI-Driven DNA Walker and Porous Co3O4 Nanozyme." Journal of Biomedical Nanotechnology 18, no. 6 (June 1, 2022): 1585–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jbn.2022.3369.

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Developing a strategy for the determination of trace ochratoxin A (OTA) in food is very important to ensure food safety. Here, based on a tripod probe, an electrochemical aptasensing platform for detected OTA sensitively was designed, which used the 3D DNA walker by endonuclease Nb.BbvCI powered and the nanozyme of porous Co3O4 nanodisks loaded Pt nanoparticles (Pt NPs@Co3O4) as a cascaded signal amplifying device. With OTA as a model target, the swing-arm probe of DNA walker was triggered. Next, probe on the magnetic beads was cleaved and released by Nb.BbvCI to realize the first signal amplification. After that, the partial sequence of the released probe is well assembled with triple-strand DNA by strand reaction and the other sequence exposed as a capture probe was combined with the Pt NPs@Co3O4. It can efficiently make the decomposition of H2O2, bring about significant current, and the signal was amplified again. The designed electrochemical aptasensor demonstrated outstanding detection linearity in the OTA concentration range of 1 pg/mL to 100 ng/mL, with a detection limit of 0.194 pg/mL (S/N = 3), with excellent reproducibility and high specificity. It can be used to find OTA in food. This research supplies a potential split-new avenue for the sensitive detection of electrochemical aptasensor.
23

Liu, Chih Yi, Yu Chen Li, Chun Hung Lai, and Shih Kun Liu. "Influence of SiO2 Layer on Resistive Switching Properties of SiO2/CuXO Stack Structure." Materials Science Forum 687 (June 2011): 106–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.687.106.

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CuxO and SiO2thin films were deposited using a radio-frequency magnetron sputter on Pt/Ti/SiO2/Si substrates to form SiO2/CuxO/Pt and CuxO/Pt structures. The current-voltage characteristics were measured by DC voltage sweeping using a tungsten (W) probe. The two structures needed a large voltage to initiate the first resistive switching; this sweep was called the forming process. Afterwards, the resistances of the two structures could be switched reversibly between the low-resistance-state (LRS) and high-resistance-state (HRS) by applying a DC voltage. The conduction mechanisms of the LRS and the HRS were dominated by Ohmic conduction. Structures with non-destructive readout characteristics and long retention time were suitable for use in non-volatile memory. The difference between resistive switching in W-probe/SiO2/CuxO/Pt and W-probe/CuxO/Pt structures was investigated. The additional SiO2layer decreased the switching voltages and currents; this should be due to the presence of pinholes within the SiO2layer. The influence of SiO2thickness on the resistive switching characteristics was also investigated. The switching voltages and currents, except the forming voltage, decreased as the thickness of SiO2decreased. The conducting filament model with a thermochemical reaction was suggested to best explain the resistive switching behavior that was observed.
24

Luo, Jin Ming. "Resistive Switching in NiO/BiFeO3 Thin Film." Key Engineering Materials 723 (December 2016): 439–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.723.439.

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NiO/BiFeO3 thin film has been deposited on Pt/Ti/SiO2/Si substrate by sol-gel method. The structure of thin film is analyzed by X-ray diffraction, and the result of X-ray diffraction shows that a perovskite crystal structure can be well-grown on Pt/Ti/SiO2/Si substrate. In addition, the surface morphology is characterized by a scanning probe microscope, and the image of scanning probe microscope indicates a good crystalline quality of NiO/BFO thin film. Moreover, the current-voltage properties are also measured by a semiconductor characterization system, and the stable and reproducible nonvolatile resistive switching characteristic for the memory application have been clearly observed in Pt/NiO/BiFeO3/Pt structure, which could be attributed to the formation and rupture of filament localized in NiO thin layer.
25

Spalding, Eckhart, Denis Defrère, and Steve Ertel. "Unveiling exozodiacal light." Physics Today 75, no. 4 (April 1, 2022): 46–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/pt.3.4982.

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26

Pérez-Bitrián, Alberto, Miguel Baya, José M. Casas, Antonio Martín, and Babil Menjón. "Hydrogen bonding to metals as a probe for an inverted ligand field." Dalton Transactions 50, no. 16 (2021): 5465–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1dt00597a.

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The M⋯HO axial interaction in the isoleptic and isoelectronic square-planar compounds [(CF3)3Pt(hq)]− and (CF3)3Au(hq) turns from attractive (M = Pt) to repulsive (M = Au), evidencing ligand-field inversion when going from Pt to Au.
27

Liu, Jing, Qiongqiong Yu, Guangying Zhao, and Wenchao Dou. "A Au@Pt bimetallic nanoparticle and blue silica nanoparticle nanocomposite as a probe of immunochromatographic assay for HBsAg detection." Analytical Methods 11, no. 48 (2019): 6103–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9ay02088h.

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In this article, a sensitive, visual and quantitative immunochromatographic assay (ICA) is described by using a novel Au@Pt-nanoparticle-decorated blue-silica-nanoparticle nanocomposite (Au@Pt/blue SiNPs) as a reporter probe.
28

Lin, Jium Ming, and Po Kuang Chang. "A Novel Remote Health Monitor with Replaceable Non-Fragile Bio-Probes on RFID Tag." Applied Mechanics and Materials 145 (December 2011): 415–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.145.415.

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Conventional bio-probes are produced on a silicon substrate, they are not only fragile but unable to dispose according to the profile of human body in a large area manner, and thus the contact resistance between probe and skin may be increased. Besides, the signal processing devices are required to improve both S/N ratio and impedance matching problems. This paper proposes a novel remote human health monitor and an active RFID tag with replaceable non-frangible probes and thin-film-transistor (TFT) amplifiers. The probes are made of bio-degradable polymer (photo resist) and covered with bio-compatible TiN. In addition, we use two pieces of double sides conducting tapes to connect both TFT amplifiers and probe modules. Thus the probe module can be replaced easily by peeling the used probe module away from the double sides conducting tapes to supply a new one. Since the tag is a flexible plastic substrate, e, g. PT, PET and PI, so the probes are easier to deploy and conform to the human body profile. In addition, the signal can be amplified by the TFT amplifier nearby to improve both S/N ratio and impedance matching. Thus the human health conditions can be remotely monitored by measuring various acupuncture impedances via the active RFID tag. The active RFID monitoring range is 15m by using 2.45 GHz ISM band, the probe resistance and parasitic capacitance are as 2735 Ω and 60.7 pf, respectively. Since the typical human acupuncture point resistance is about 40-120KΩ, thus the proposed device and system can be applied.
29

Kumar, S., P. Kumar, and R. Pratap. "Reliability Failure in Microelectronic Interconnects by Electric Current Induced Chemical Reaction." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1206, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012026. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1206/1/012026.

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Abstract The electric field-induced chemical reaction in Cr thin film by a micro/nano-probe has been recently reported with detailed characterization. Although the phenomenon is employed for micro-nano fabrication, this can act as a reliability failure, where Cr is used as an adhesion layer or main interconnects in microelectronic circuits. Here, we present an investigation on the role of electric current density for such failure using a specifically designed sample. A 100 μm width and 100 nm thin Cr film is deposited perpendicular to the Pt film of similar dimensions. The anode probe (20 μm diameter) is positioned onto the Pt film, whereas the cathode probe onto the Cr film. It is observed that the chemical reaction, for an applied voltage, initiates at the edge of the Pt film and not at the cathode probe. The localized chemical reaction causes to damage the interconnection line. The analysis based on the COMSOL multiphysics simulation illustrates that the chemical reaction evolves at the high current density locations. The study also builds a fundamental understanding of the mechanism of evolution of patterning by electric field-induced chemical reactions.
30

Feder, Toni. "Rare isotopes will be used to probe mysteries, yield applications." Physics Today 68, no. 2 (February 2015): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/pt.3.2682.

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31

Horvat-Radošević, V., and K. Kvastek. "Role of Pt-probe pseudo-reference electrode in impedance measurements of Pt and polyaniline (PANI) modified Pt electrodes." Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry 591, no. 2 (June 2006): 217–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jelechem.2006.03.042.

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32

Raouafi, Nour E. "A journey to touch the Sun." Physics Today 75, no. 11 (November 1, 2022): 28–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/pt.3.5120.

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33

Huang, Liliang, Peng-Cheng Chen, Mohan Liu, Xianbiao Fu, Pavlo Gordiichuk, Yanan Yu, Chris Wolverton, Yijin Kang, and Chad A. Mirkin. "Catalyst design by scanning probe block copolymer lithography." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 115, no. 15 (March 23, 2018): 3764–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1800884115.

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Scanning probe block copolymer lithography (SPBCL), in combination with density-functional theory (DFT), has been used to design and synthesize hydrogen evolution catalysts. DFT was used to calculate the hydrogen adsorption energy on a series of single-element, bimetallic, and trimetallic (Au, Pt, Ni, and Cu) substrates to provide leads that could be synthesized in the form of alloy or phase-separated particles via SPBCL. PtAuCu (18 nm, ∼1:1:1 stoichiometry) has been identified as a homogeneous alloy phase that behaves as an effective hydrogen evolution catalyst in acidic aqueous media, even when it is made in bulk form via solution phase methods. Significantly, the bulk-prepared PtAuCu/C nanocatalyst discovered via this process exhibits an activity seven times higher than that of the state-of-the-art commercial Pt/C catalyst (based upon Pt content). The advantage of using SPBCL in the discovery process is that one can uniformly make particles, each consisting of a uniform phase combination (e.g., all alloy or all phase-segregated species) at a fixed elemental ratio, an important consideration when working with polyelemental species where multiple phases may exist.
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Ankudinov, A. L., J. J. Rehr, J. J. Low, and S. R. Bare. "PtL-edge XANES as a probe of Pt clusters." Journal of Synchrotron Radiation 8, no. 2 (March 1, 2001): 578–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0909049500016046.

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Filez, Matthias, Evgeniy A. Redekop, Vladimir V. Galvita, Hilde Poelman, Maria Meledina, Stuart Turner, Gustaaf Van Tendeloo, Alexis T. Bell, and Guy B. Marin. "The role of hydrogen during Pt–Ga nanocatalyst formation." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 18, no. 4 (2016): 3234–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5cp07344h.

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36

Aydın, A., C. Tassci, K. Atila, M. A. Koçdor, A. Sevinç, Ş. Canda, Ö. Harmanciogˇlu, H. Durak, and R. Bekiş. "The role of gamma probe activity counts in minimally invasive parathyroidectomy." Nuklearmedizin 43, no. 06 (2004): 190–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1623915.

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Summary Aim: The benefit of preoperative gamma probe in the diagnosis of adenoma in patients with histopathologically proven parathyroid (PT) adenomas was examined. Patients, material, methods: 20 patients with positive 99mTc MIBI uptake in PT scintigraphy with primary hyper-parathyroidism were enrolled in this study. 740 MBq 99mTc MIBI were injected 3 h before operation. Counts of four PT regions were obtained with gamma probe before surgery in the operation room. All suspected PT adenomas were resected and histopathologically diagnosed as adenomas. We also obtained counts of the resection region and the resected adenoma with gamma probe after the parathyroidectomy. Preoperative counts of adenoma bearing regions (ABR), non-adenoma bearing regions (NABR), postoperative resection region (PRR), resected adenoma counts (RA) were registered. Statistical analysis was performed by Wilcoxon rank test. Results: The mean counts of ABR, NABR, the PRR and RA were 462 ± 106, 230 ± 66, 164 ± 42, 374 ± 87, respectively. The mean counts from ABR were twofold higher than those of NABR. The PRR mean counts decreased by 64% when compared to the mean counts of ABR and by 55% when compared to the mean counts of RA. The differences in mean counts of ABR and NABR, PRR and ABR, PRR and RA (p <0.01) turned out as statistically significant. Discussion: According to our preliminary results, the region with the highest counts is at least 2 ± 0,4 times higher than the mean of the other three PT regions. Thus, it seems to be significant for PT adenoma. Resection of adenoma may be accepted as successful, if the count of ABR decreased more than 64% with decreased postoperative parathormone levels. Conclusion: This technique should not yet be applied instead of parathormone measurement or frozen technique. But it may replace the frozen technique used for confirmation of the diagnosis during the operation in the future.
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Polanco Adames, Delvi Antonio, Jianpeng Dou, Ji Lin, Gengjun Zhu, and Huijun Li. "Nonlinear Optical Potential with Parity-Time Symmetry in a Coherent Atomic Gas." Symmetry 14, no. 6 (May 31, 2022): 1135. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym14061135.

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We propose a scheme to realize a parity-time (PT) symmetric nonlinear system in a coherent atomic gas via electromagnetically induced transparency. We show that it is possible to construct an optical potential with PT symmetry due to the interplay among the Kerr nonlinearity stemmed from the atom-photon interaction, the linear potential induced by a far-detuned Stark laser field, and the optical gain originated from an incoherent pumping. Since the real part of the PT-symmetric potential depends only on the intensity of the probe field, the potential is nonlinear and its PT-symmetric properties are determined by the input laser intensity of the probe field. Moreover, we obtain the fundamental soliton solutions of the system and attain their stability region in the system parameter space. The dependence of the exceptional point (EP) location on the soliton maximum amplitude is also illustrated. The research results reported here open a new avenue for understanding the unique properties of PT symmetry of a nonlinear system. They are also promising for designing novel optical devices applicable in optical information processing and transmission.
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Choi, A. Ram, Sang Sik Choi, Jung Hyun Kim, Sang Hoon Kim, and Kyu Hwan Shim. "Nickel-Based Germanosilicide of Heavily-Doped SiGe Films for Low Resistance and High-Temperature Stability." Solid State Phenomena 124-126 (June 2007): 279–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.124-126.279.

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We have studied thermo-electrical properties for Ni-based germanosilicide to understand the influence of temperature on the evolution of sheet resistance and micro-structures of contacts on heavily-doped SiGe grown by reduced pressure chemical vapor deposition. After the deposition of Ni, Ni/Ti, Ni/Pt films on Si0.83Ge0.17 epi layer and subsequently annealing for silicide reaction, we analyzed sheet resistance, surface roughness and reaction interfaces using four point probe method, scanning probe micrograph and transmission electron microscope. Bi-layer metal structures of Ni/Ti and Ni/Pt were investigated to study feasible use for suppressing inappropriate reaction at interface. It is found that bi-layer structure with thin Pt interlayer presented promising properties for germanosilicide of n+-Si0.83Ge0.17 with low sheet resistance, smooth surface morphology and high temperature stability up to 800 oC.
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Reeves, Alexander, Andrina Nicola, Alexandre Refregier, Tomasz Kacprzak, and Luis Fernando Machado Poletti Valle. "12 × 2 pt combined probes: pipeline, neutrino mass, and data compression." Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics 2024, no. 01 (January 1, 2024): 042. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1475-7516/2024/01/042.

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Abstract With the rapid advance of wide-field surveys it is increasingly important to perform combined cosmological probe analyses. We present a new pipeline for simulation-based multi-probe analyses, which combines tomographic large-scale structure (LSS) probes (weak lensing and galaxy clustering) with cosmic microwave background (CMB) primary and lensing data. These are combined at the C ℓ-level, yielding 12 distinct auto- and cross-correlations. The pipeline is based on UFalconv2, a framework to generate fast, self-consistent map-level realizations of cosmological probes from input lightcones, which is applied to the CosmoGridV1 N-body simulation suite. It includes a non-Gaussian simulation-based covariance for the LSS tracers, several data compression schemes, and a neural network emulator for accelerated theoretical predictions. We validate the pipeline by comparing the simulations to these predictions, and our derived constraints to earlier analyses. We apply our framework to a simulated 12×2 pt tomographic analysis of KiDS, BOSS, and Planck, and forecast constraints for a ΛCDM model with a variable neutrino mass. We find that, while the neutrino mass constraints are driven by the CMB data, the addition of LSS data helps to break degeneracies and improves the constraint by up to 35%. For a fiducial Mν = 0.15 eV, a full combination of the above CMB+LSS data would enable a 3σ constraint on the neutrino mass. We explore data compression schemes and find that MOPED outperforms PCA and is made robust using the derivatives afforded by our automatically differentiable emulator. We also study the impact of an internal lensing tension in the CMB data, parametrized by AL , on the neutrino mass constraint, finding that the addition of LSS to CMB data including all cross-correlations is able to mitigate the impact of this systematic. UFalconv2 and a MOPED compressed Planck CMB primary + CMB lensing likelihood are made publicly available.[UFalconv2: https://cosmology.ethz.ch/research/software-lab/UFalcon.html, compressed Planck CMB primary + CMB lensing likelihood: https://github.com/alexreevesy/planck_compressed.]
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Huang, Haoran, Zunyi Wu, Jianfeng Huang, Guangying Zhao, and Wenchao Dou. "Highly sensitive colorimetric immunoassay for Escherichia coli O157:H7 based on probe of pseudo enzyme and dual signal amplification." Analytical Methods 10, no. 35 (2018): 4301–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8ay01410h.

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A sensitive colorimetric immunoassay was established for quantitative detection of E. coli O157:H7. Au@Pt with peroxidase-like activity was combined with flaky reduced graphene oxide to form a chromogenic probe of pseudo enzyme. HRP was modified on rGO-NR–Au@Pt and a dual signal amplification system was realized.
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Tang, Jingjie, Guoxun Zhu, Peng Li, Pingjun Zhang, Fang Peng, and Fei Meng. "Novel recognition mechanism based on oxidative addition of Pt(ii) complex-based luminescent probes for hypochlorite ion detection." Analyst 146, no. 18 (2021): 5691–703. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1an01048d.

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42

Law, Yeuk Ting, Spyridon Zafeiratos, Stylianos G. Neophytides, Alin Orfanidi, Dominique Costa, Thierry Dintzer, Rosa Arrigo, Axel Knop-Gericke, Robert Schlögl, and Elena R. Savinova. "In situ investigation of dissociation and migration phenomena at the Pt/electrolyte interface of an electrochemical cell." Chemical Science 6, no. 10 (2015): 5635–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5sc01421b.

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43

"Gravity probe falters." Physics Today, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/pt.5.020709.

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"Japan launches lunar probe." Physics Today, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/pt.5.021480.

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"Space probe photographs asteroid." Physics Today, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/pt.5.024492.

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"Laser pulses probe quantum beats." Physics Today 2022, no. 1 (January 25, 2022): 0125a. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/pt.6.1.20220125a.

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"Probe makes encounter with Venus." Physics Today, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/pt.5.020007.

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48

"Scientists probe 'hole in Earth'." Physics Today, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/pt.5.020901.

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49

"Marine Geophysicists Probe Sea Floor." Physics Today, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/pt.5.021060.

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"MESSENGER probe enters orbit around Mercury." Physics Today, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/pt.5.025148.

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