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Journal articles on the topic 'Pt layer'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 6 September 2023

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1

Yoo, H. K., B. S. Kang, and S. B. Lee. "Forming time of conducting channels in double-layer Pt/Ta2O5/TaOx/Pt and single-layer Pt/TaOx/Pt resistance memories." Thin Solid Films 540 (July 2013): 190–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tsf.2013.06.032.

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2

Cao, Yuyuan, Qitao Di, Lin Zhu, Aidong Li, and Di Wu. "Resistive Switching Characteristics in TiO2/LaAlO3Heterostructures Sandwiched in Pt Electrodes." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2015 (2015): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/470107.

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TiO2/LaAlO3(TiO2/LAO) heterostructures have been deposited on Pt/TiO2/SiO2/Si substrates by pulsed laser deposition. Resistive switching characteristics of Pt/TiO2/LAO/Pt have been studied and discussed in comparison with those of Pt/TiO2/Pt. It is observed that the switching uniformity and the ON/OFF resistance ratio can be greatly improved by introducing the LAO layer. The observed resistive switching characteristics are discussed as a function of LAO thickness and explained by the preferential formation and rupture of conductive filaments, composed of oxygen vacancies, in the LAO layer.
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3

Wang, Da Zhi, Wen Zha, Xiao Hu Zhu, Yang Li, Jun Sheng Liang, Tong Qun Ren, Yi Luo, Xiao Dong Wang, and Chong Liu. "Electrohydrodynamic Atomization Deposition of Fuel Cell Catalyst-Coated Membrane with Structure and Material Gradient Variation." Key Engineering Materials 645-646 (May 2015): 1156–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.645-646.1156.

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A catalyst-coated membrane (CCM) with structure and material gradient variation was deposited layer-by-layer (LbL) using electrohydrodynamic atomization (EHDA) deposition. This CCM contained 7 layers which is C cathode diffusion layer, Pt/C-C cathode transition layer, Pt/C cathode catalyst layer, Nafion membrane, Pt-Ru/C anode catalyst layer, Pt-Ru/C-C anode transition layer and C anode diffusion layer. The cathode and anode side were named as cathode and anode catalyst-diffusion layers, respectively. It was observed that the cathode and anode catalyst-diffusion layers presented the dendritic structure. Within the cathode and anode catalyst-diffusion layers, the Pt/C-C and Pt-Ru/C-C transition layer was more porous compared to the C layer, Pt/C layer and Pt-Ru/C layer. It was also shown that the EHDA LbL deposited CCM still presented close-packed structure after life test.
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4

Leon Yu, Tzyy-Lung, Hsiu-Li Lin, Po-Hao Su, and Guan-Wen Wang. "Structures of Membrane Electrode Assembly Catalyst Layers for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells." Open Fuels & Energy Science Journal 5, no. 1 (July 10, 2012): 28–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1876973x01205010028.

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In this paper, we modify the conventional 5-layer membrane electrode assembly (MEA, in which a proton exchange membrane (PEM) is located at its center, two Pt-C-40 (Pt on carbon powder support, Pt content 40 wt.%) catalyst layers (CLs) are located on the surfaces of the both sides of the PEM and two gas diffusion layers (GDLs) are attached next on the outer surfaces of two Pt-C-40 layers) and propose 7-layer and 9-layer MEAs by coating thin Pt-black CLs at the interfaces between the Pt-C-40 layer and the GDL and between the PEM and the Pt-C-40 layer and reducing the Pt-C-40 loading. The reduced Pt loading quantity of the Pt-C-40 layer is equal to the increased Pt loading quantity of the Pt-black layer, thus the total amount of Pt loadings in the unmodified conventional MEA and the modified MEAs are at a fixed Pt loading quantity. These modified MEAs may complicate the manufacture process. The main advantage of these 7- and 9-layer MEAs is the thinner CL thickness and thus lower CL proton transport resistance. Because of the thin Pt-black layer thickness in MEA, we avoid agglomeration of the Pt-black particles and maintain high Pt catalytic activity. We show these new CL structure MEAs have better fuel cells performance than the conventional 5-layer MEA.
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5

Matsumoto, Taketoshi, Chih-Sung Ho, Matthias Batzill, and Bruce E. Koel. "Formation of Ge−Pt Layer Compound on Pt(100)." Journal of Physical Chemistry C 113, no. 50 (November 20, 2009): 21019–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jp908532e.

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6

HE, Y., X. M. LI, X. D. GAO, X. LENG, and W. WANG. "ENHANCED ELECTROCALORIC PROPERTIES OF PMN-PT THIN FILMS WITH LSCO BUFFER LAYERS." Functional Materials Letters 04, no. 01 (March 2011): 45–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793604711001634.

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Lead magnesium niobate-lead titanate (PMN-PT) ferroelectric thin films were deposited on Ir/SrTiO3/TiN/Si (001) substrates by oxygen plasma assisted pulsed laser deposition (PLD) method. Effects of the lanthanum strontium cobaltite (LSCO) buffer layer between the PMN-PT film and the Ir layer on the crystallinity, microstructure, ferroelectric properties and electrocaloric effect of the film were investigated. Results show that the LSCO buffer layer can improve the crystallinity and electrocaloric properties effectively. By applying a voltage of 5V to the PMN-PT thin film without the LSCO buffer layer, the changes in the reversible adiabatic temperature measured at room temperature and at 508 K are respectively 0.73 K and 2.13 K, while by introducing a LSCO buffer layer, the corresponding values are increased to 1.41 K and 4.25 K.
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7

Иванов, Дмитрий Викторович, Виталий Александрович Анофриев, Владимир Александрович Кошелев, Александр Сергеевич Антонов, Сергей Александрович Васильев, and Николай Юрьевич Сдобняков. "SIMULATION OF LAYER BY LAYER GROWTH OF FRACTAL METAL Pt-Rh FILMS." Physical and Chemical Aspects of the Study of Clusters, Nanostructures and Nanomaterials, no. 13 (December 23, 2021): 682–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.26456/pcascnn/2021.13.682.

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В данной работе методом молекулярной динамики с использованием потенциала сильной связи проведено моделирование процесса молекулярно-лучевой эпитаксии с целью определения закономерностей при формировании фрактальных металлических пленок платины на поверхности родия. Установлена возможность формирования фрактальных структур как в островковых пленках платины на поверхности родия, так и в сплошной пленке. Установлены параметры компьютерного эксперимента, определяющие переход от отдельных островковых пленок к сплошной пленке в указанной системе. С использованием различных программных продуктов Gwyddion и Image Analysis, а также собственной разработки FractalSurface проанализирован диапазон изменения фрактальной размерности при различных условиях молекулярно-динамического эксперимента методом подсчета кубов. Полученные значения фрактальной размерности в целом находятся в приемлемом согласии между собой, однако существует ряд исключений, которые обсуждаются более подробно. Сравнительный анализ получаемых результатов позволяет формулировать рекомендации для методики создания, корректировки и прецизионного контроля при «выращивании» структур с заданной морфологией поверхности. In this work, the molecular dynamics method and the tight-binding potential are used to simulate the process of molecular beam epitaxy in order to determine the regularities in the formation of fractal platinum metal films on the rhodium surface. The possibility of formation of fractal structures both in island platinum films on the rhodium surface and in a continuous film has been established. The parameters of the computer experiment, which determine the transition from individual island films to a continuous film in the indicated system, have been established. Using various software products Gwyddion and Image Analysis, as well as our own software FractalSurface, the range of changes in the fractal dimension has been analyzed under various conditions of a molecular dynamics experiment by the method of cube counting. The obtained values of the fractal dimension are generally in acceptable agreement with each other; however, there is a number of exceptions, which are discussed in more detail. A comparative analysis of the results obtained allows one to formulate recommendations for the methodology for creating, adjusting and precision control when «growing» structures with a given surface morphology.
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8

Anderson, Daniel M., Peter Guba, and Andrew J. Wells. "Mushy-layer convection." Physics Today 75, no. 2 (February 1, 2022): 34–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/pt.3.4940.

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9

Lee, Jung-Kun, Hyun-Suk Jung, Dong-Wan Kim, Chang-Hoon Kim, and Kug Sun Hong. "Influence of Substrates on the Crystal Structure of Pulsed Laser Deposited Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3–29% PbTiO3 Thin Films." Journal of Materials Research 17, no. 5 (May 2002): 1030–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2002.0152.

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Lead magnesium niobate–lead titanate [Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3 (PMN)–PbTiO3 (PT)] films were synthesized using pulsed laser deposition, and the effect of substrates on the deposition behavior of the PMN–PT film was investigated. Phase evolution of PMN–PT thin films was found to depend significantly on the type of the substrate used during deposition. Though a mixture of pyrochlore and perovskite was observed when films were deposited on a Pt/TiO2/SiO2/Si substrate, the oxide substrates, such as (Ba0.5Sr0.5)RuO3/Si, SrTiO3, and LaAlO3, enabled the deposition of pure perovskite. Scanning Auger microprobe, transmission electron microscope, and x-ray diffraction analysis showed that an interfacial layer between the substrates and the oxide film was central to the phase evolution behavior. On the Pt/TiO2/SiO2/Si substrate, an interfacial layer of lead–platinum (Pb–Pt) played a major role in the formation of the pyrochlore phase. However, on oxide substrates, there was no interfacial layer and interdiffusion of A-site cations was observed between the PMN film and the oxide electrodes.
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10

Maolanon, Rungroj, Winadda Wongwiriyapan, and Sirapat Pratontep. "TiO2/Pt/TiO2 Sandwich Nanostructures: Towards Alcohol Sensing and UV Irradiation-Assisted Recovery." Journal of Chemistry 2017 (2017): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/8545690.

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The TiO2/Pt/TiO2 sandwich nanostructures were synthesized by RF magnetron sputtering and demonstrated as an alcohol sensor at room-temperature operation with a fast recovery by UV irradiation. The TiO2/Pt/TiO2 layers on SiO2/Si substrate were confirmed by Auger electron spectroscopy with the interdiffusion of each layer. The TiO2/Pt/TiO2 layers on printed circuit board show the superior sensor response to alcohol in terms of the sensitivity and stability compared to the nonsandwich structure, that is, the only Pt layer or the TiO2/Pt structures. Moreover, the recovery time of the TiO2/Pt/TiO2 was improved by UV irradiation-assisted recovery. The optimum TiO2/Pt/TiO2 with thicknesses of the undermost TiO2 layer, a Pt layer, and the topmost TiO2 layer being 50 nm, 6 nm, and 5 nm, respectively, showed the highest response to ethanol down to 10 ppm. Additionally, TiO2/Pt/TiO2 shows an excellent sensing stability and exhibits different sensing selectivity among ethanol, methanol, and 2-propanol. The sensing mechanism could be attributed to the change of Pt work function during vapor adsorption. The TiO2 layer plays an important role in UV-assisted recovery by photocatalytic activity and the topmost TiO2 acts as protective layer for Pt.
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11

Huang, Jing-Fang, and Po-Kai Tseng. "High performance layer-by-layer Pt3Ni(Pt-skin)-modified Pd/C for the oxygen reduction reaction." Chemical Science 9, no. 28 (2018): 6134–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8sc01358f.

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12

Ito, Takeshi, Satoru Kaneko, Masayuki Kunimatsu, Yasuo Hirabayashi, Masayasu Soga, and Koji Suzuki. "Electrochemical Response of Platinum Ultrathin Layer Formed by Pulsed Laser Deposition." International Journal of Electrochemistry 2011 (2011): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4061/2011/463281.

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Ultrathin layer of platinum (ULPt) was deposited on glassy carbon (GC) substrate by using pulsed laser deposition (PLD) method, and electrochemical properties of the ULPt were discussed. The deposition was simply performed at room temperature with short deposition time. Atomic force microscopy and scanning electron microscopy images showed the flat surface of the ULPt. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) characterized the ULPt in the Pt(0) state, and biding energy of ULPt was positively shifted. These results indicated that nanostructure of Pt thin layer was formed. The electrochemical activity of the prepared ULPt on GC substrate was superior to a bulk Pt electrode regarding the potential and the magnitude of current on oxidizing hydrogen peroxide. This fast and easily prepared low-cost electrode had the potential to replace a conventional bulk metal electrode.
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13

Chen, Tong Lai, and Xiao Min Li. "Preparation of (111)-Oriented Pt Electrode Films with Quasi-Monocrystal Properties on MgO/TiN Buffered Si(100) by PLD." Key Engineering Materials 280-283 (February 2007): 823–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.280-283.823.

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Atomic-scale smooth Pt electrode films have been deposited on MgO/TiN buffered Si (100) by the pulsed laser deposition (PLD) technique. The whole growth process of the multilayer films was monitored by using in-situ reflection high energy electron diffraction (RHEED) apparatus. The Pt/MgO/TiN/Si(100) stacked structure was also characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The HREED observations show that the growth mode of the Pt electrode film is 2D layer-by-layer growth. It is found that the (111)-oriented Pt electrode film has a crystallinity comparable to that of monocrystals. The achievement of the quasi-single-crystal Pt electrode film with an atomic-scale smooth surface is ascribed to the improved crystalline quality of the MgO film.
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14

YANG Xin-yan, 杨鑫燕, 王新 WANG Xin, 伊圣振 YI Sheng-zhen, and 穆宝忠 MU Bao-zhong. "Pt and Pt/Cr Release Layer Used in Hot Slumping Glass Technology." ACTA PHOTONICA SINICA 44, no. 6 (2015): 631001. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/gzxb20154406.0631001.

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15

Leu, Ching-Chich. "Nanocrystalline Pt interfacial layer formed by stress in a SrBi2Ta2O9–Pt–Ti ferroelectric capacitor." Journal of Materials Research 22, no. 6 (June 2007): 1718–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2007.0207.

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A thin nanocrystalline Pt interfacial layer (IL) was observed near the SrBi2Ta2O9(SBT)–Pt interface after crystallization treatment in a SBT–Pt–Ti ferroelectric capacitor. Apart from its Pt content, this IL also incorporated large numbers of Ti and O atoms, which arose from the Ti adhesion layer and the SBT film, respectively. These atoms reacted to form TiOx, which resulted in a volume expansion during the annealing process. This phenomenon led to a putative shear stress being exerted on the Pt layer. Under such stress and thermal conditions, we speculate that the nanocrystalline Pt IL developed from the Pt bottom electrode.
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16

Wang, J. P., Y. C. Ling, Y. K. Tseng, K. S. Liu, and I. N. Lin. "Effect of (La0.5Sr0.5)CoO3 and Pt intermediate layers on improving the stability of Pb1–xLaxTi1–x/4O3 films." Journal of Materials Research 13, no. 5 (May 1998): 1286–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1998.0183.

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Deposition of a (La0.5Sr0.5)CoO3 (LSCO) layer on top of Pt/Ti/Si substrates was observed to substantially improve the stability of the subsequently deposited Pb1−xLaxTi1−x/4O3 (PLT) films. Platinum coating of silicon substrates by itself is known to enhance the formation of PLT phase. In this paper, the elemental depth profile examined by secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS) and the structural profile examined by grazing angle incident x-ray diffractometry (GIXD) reveals that the Ti species precoated underneath the Pt layer diffuses outward through the Pt layer at high temperature, forming a rutile TiO2 layer on top of Pt coating. It is this outermost TiO2 layer which promotes the transformation kinetics of the PLT species adhered onto substrates into the perovskite phase. Thus obtained films (PLT/Pt/Ti/Si) are, however, not stable enough to survive subsequent high-temperature processing. On the other hand, the PLT/LSCO/Pt/Ti/Si films, which incorporate LSCO as buffer layer, can survive 650 °C without significant deterioration.
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17

Wang, Jian, Guangping Wu, Wenhui Xuan, Lishan Peng, Yong Feng, Wei Ding, Li Li, Qiang Liao, and Zidong Wei. "A framework ensemble facilitates high Pt utilization in a low Pt loading fuel cell." Catalysis Science & Technology 11, no. 8 (2021): 2957–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1cy00028d.

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Rationally designing the structure of catalyst layer in MEA to achieve the dispersion of active sites at the cross of three-phase field and the effective transfer network paths for protons through catalysts and catalyst layer.
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18

Harumoto, Takashi, Shinji Muraishi, Ji Shi, and Yoshio Nakamura. "Highly Textured (111) Pt Substrates for Preferred Orientation Controlled AlN Films." Materials Science Forum 675-677 (February 2011): 1259–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.675-677.1259.

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Preferred orientation of AlN films has been improved to c-axis using a highly (111) textured Pt layer. The highly textured (111) Pt layer is obtained by inserting an AlN layer between the Pt layer and substrate. Thus, Pt/AlN/substrate could be termed a substrate for preferred orientation controlled AlN films. X-ray diffraction (XRD) profiles reveal that the degree of preferred orientation of such highly (111) textured Pt layer surpasses the one originated from the crystal structure of Pt. The (2θ, ψ) intensify maps of diffracted X-ray collected as a function of the diffraction angle (2θ) and the tilting angle (ψ) exhibit that the films are perfectly (111) preferred orientated, however, they do not show in-plane texture. The (2θ, ψ) maps also demonstrate that a residual stress in films is subject to compressive.
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19

Безверхний, А. И., В. А. Губанов, А. В. Садовников, and Р. Б. Моргунов. "Взаимодействие Дзялошинского-Мория в синтетических ферримагнетиках Pt/Co/Ir/Co/Pt." Физика твердого тела 63, no. 12 (2021): 2053. http://dx.doi.org/10.21883/ftt.2021.12.51665.120.

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We had found nonreciprocity of spin waves in Pt/Co/Ir/Co/Pt synthetic ferrimagnets by Brillouin light scattering technique. It is shown that the main contribution to the nonreciprocity of spin waves is made by the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction with an energy density D ≈ 1.7 - 2.3 erg/cm2. The energy density of the Dzyaloshinsky-Moriya interaction in Pt/Co/Ir/Co/Pt synthetic ferrimagnets is higher than its values in heterostructures with one Co layer Pt/Co(1 nm)/Ir ~ 1.4 erg/cm2. The D value of synthetic ferrimagnets decreases with increasing thickness of the Co thin layer.
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20

XIA, H., W. XIAO, M. O. LAI, and L. LU. "IMPROVED CAPACITIVE BEHAVIOR OF MnO2 THIN FILMS PREPARED BY ELECTRODEPOSITION ON THE PT SUBSTRATE WITH A MnOx BUFFER LAYER." Functional Materials Letters 02, no. 01 (March 2009): 13–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793604709000478.

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Nanostructured MnO 2 thin films were prepared on two types of substrates, Pt / Ti / SiO 2/ Si (PT) and MnO x/ Pt / Ti / SiO 2/ Si ( MnO x/ PT ), by the technique of cyclic-voltammetric electrodeposition. The MnO x buffer layer was deposited on the PT substrate by pulsed laser deposition (PLD). The as-deposited MnO 2 thin films were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The electrochemical properties of the thin film MnO 2 electrodes were investigated using cyclic voltammetry (CV) in 1 M Na 2 SO 4 electrolyte. It was found that the adhesion between the MnO 2 film and the Pt substrate was poor, resulting in cracks and peeling of the MnO 2 film after deposition. However, the adhesion of the MnO 2 film with the MnO x buffer layer was greatly improved, resulting in superior pseudocapacitive performance of the thin film electrodes. A specific capacitance of about 364 F/g of MnO 2 thin films deposited on the MnO x buffer layer can be obtained at a scan rate of 10 mV/s in the voltage window between 0 and 0.9 V versus the Ag / AgCl reference electrode. The MnO 2 thin film deposited on the MnO x/ PT substrate exhibits good rate capability and excellent cycle performance, which makes it promising for supercapacitor application.
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21

Leu, Ching-Chich, Chao-Hsin Chien, Chiung-Chih Hsu, Chia-Feng Leu, Fan-Yi Hsu, and Chen-Ti Hu. "Pt Nanocrystalline Interfacial Layer in an SBT/Pt/Ti Ferroelectric Capacitor." Electrochemical and Solid-State Letters 7, no. 11 (2004): F67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/1.1804978.

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22

Zhang, Z., P. E. Wigen, and S. S. P. Parkin. "Pt layer thickness dependence of magnetic properties in Co/Pt multilayers." Journal of Applied Physics 69, no. 8 (April 15, 1991): 5649–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.347924.

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23

Chang, Chin-An. "Ambient dependence of the interactions in Pt/Ni/Cu and Au/Ni/Cu structures." Journal of Materials Research 2, no. 4 (August 1987): 441–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1987.0441.

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The interactions of the Pt/Ni/Cu and Au/Ni/Cu structures and their ambient dependence are studied. Comparison of the Pt–Cu interdiffusion with that of Au–Cu across the Ni layer shows an interesting relation between the interactions and their ambient dependence. According to the surface potential model, which has been shown to correlate the ambient effects for many systems, diffusion of both Pt and Au into the Cu layer via the Ni layer should be enhanced by oxygen. This is observed for Au but not for Pt. On the other hand, the anticipated oxygen-enhanced diffusion of Cu into Pt and Au layers via the Ni layer is observed in both structures. The difference between the Pt and Au diffusion via Ni is attributed to the presence of competing interdiffusion between Pt and Ni in the Pt/Ni/Cu structure, which is reduced by oxygen, whereas little diffusion of Ni into the Au layer is observed for the Au/Ni/Cu structure. The ambient effects on the trilayer structures are compared with those on the binary Au/Ni, Au/Cu, Ni/Cu, Pt/Ni, and Pt/Cu structures. The diffusion mechanisms are discussed, and relations among various systems are suggested.
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24

KALAYCI, Taner. "Investigation of Cap and Buffer Layer Effect in Co/Ni Thin Films by Ferromagnetic Resonance Technique." Karadeniz Fen Bilimleri Dergisi 13, no. 2 (June 15, 2023): 724–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.31466/kfbd.1282051.

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In this study, the magnetic properties of Si(100)/X5/(Co0.3/Ni0.5)3/Y5 (X: Pt, Cu and Y: Pt, Cu, all thicknesses are nm) multilayers were investigated using ferromagnetic resonance technique (FMR). In sample sets all layers (buffer, cap, and Co) were grown by magnetron sputtering while Ni sub-layers were grown by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) at high vacuum. The effective magnetic anisotropy is 300 mT when copper is used as the buffer and cap layer, 290 mT when the buffer layer is copper, and the cap layer is Pt. On the other hand, it is seen that the effective magnetic anisotropy is 350 mT when Pt is used as buffer and cap layer, and 150 mT when Pt buffer and Cu cap layer are used. Furthermore, magnetic easy axis is out of plane when the Pt buffer layer is used, while the magnetic easy axis is parallel to the plane when the Cu buffer layer is used. The results show that the buffer and cap layers of Co/Ni thin films, which are frequently used in the field of spintronics influence the magnetic properties.
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25

Yoo, Sang-Hoon, and Sungho Park. "Electrocatalytic applications of a vertical Au nanorod array using ultrathin Pt/Ru/Pt layer-by-layer coatings." Electrochimica Acta 53, no. 10 (April 2008): 3656–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2007.12.028.

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26

Bezverkhnii A. I., Gubanov V. A., Sadovnikov A. V., and Morgunov R. B. "Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction in Pt/Co/Ir/Co/Pt synthetic ferrimagnets." Physics of the Solid State 64, no. 14 (2022): 2327. http://dx.doi.org/10.21883/pss.2022.14.54330.120.

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We had found nonreciprocity of spin waves in Pt/Co/Ir/Co/Pt synthetic ferrimagnets by Brillouin light scattering technique. It is shown that the main contribution to the nonreciprocity of spin waves is made by the Dzyaloshinskii--Moriya interaction with an energy density D~ 1.7-2.3 erg/cm2. The energy density of the Dzyaloshinsky--Moriya interaction in Pt/Co/Ir/Co/Pt synthetic ferrimagnets is higher than its values in heterostructures with one Co layer Pt/Co(1 nm)/Ir ~1.4 erg/cm2. The D value of synthetic ferrimagnets decreases with increasing thickness of the Co thin layer. Keywords: synthetic ferrimagnets, perpendicular magnetic anisotropy, Brillouin light scattering, exchange interaction, Dzyaloshinskii--Moriya interaction .
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27

Singh, Satendra Pal, Akhilesh Kumar Singh, Dhananjai Pandey, H. Sharma, and Om Parkash. "Crystallographic phases, phase transitions, and barrier layer formation in (1 − x) [Pb(Fe1/2Nb1/2)O3]−xPbTiO3." Journal of Materials Research 18, no. 11 (November 2003): 2677–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2003.0374.

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Powders of (1 − x) Pb(Fe1/2Nb1/2)O3-xPbTiO3 (PFN-PT) with x = 0.00, 0.10, 0.13, 0.15, 0.20, and 0.25 were prepared by the conventional solid-state route. Structure of PFN-PT was tetragonal for x [H33356] 0.10, which indicates that the morphotropic phase boundary (MPB) may be between 0 < x < 0.10. The nature of phase transition in PFN-PT changed from diffuse ferroelectric to relaxor ferroelectric to normal ferroelectric on increasing the PT content. The effect of the PT content and sintering temperature on barrier layer formation in the PFN-PT system was studied using complex impedance spectroscopy. With increasing PT content, the possibility of the barrier layer formation decreased while with increasing sintering temperature, the barrier layer formation was promoted.
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Nayak, Pranati, Qiu Jiang, Narendra Kurra, Xianbin Wang, Ulrich Buttner, and Husam N. Alshareef. "Monolithic laser scribed graphene scaffolds with atomic layer deposited platinum for the hydrogen evolution reaction." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 5, no. 38 (2017): 20422–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7ta06236b.

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29

Huy, Nguyen Thanh, and Vu Ngoc Hung. "Influence of Adhesion Layers on the Surface Morphology of Platinum-based Bottom Electrodes for Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 Thin Films." Communications in Physics 20, no. 1 (March 13, 2010): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/0868-3166/20/1/1997.

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A thin adhesion layer is required to glue Pt bottom electrodes of ferroelectric Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 thin films to a SiO2/Si wafer. Here we report the effect of adhesion layers, Ti and TiO2, on the crystalline structure and surface properties of Pt electrode. The results show the hillock formation is observed for the case of Ti glue layer, while the surface of Pt layer is flat and uniform with TiO2 layer used instead. The crystallization in PZT thin films on Pt/TiO2/SiO3/Si substrate is investigated during post-deposition annealing. The perovskite phase is completely formed in the film annealed at 650oC for one hour.
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30

Nakajima, Kano, Hiroki Takahashi, and Michihisa Fukumoto. "Effect of Pt Addition on the Formation of Ni–Pt Porous Layer." Coatings 12, no. 11 (October 30, 2022): 1645. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings12111645.

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A Ni–Pt alloy porous layer was formed by electrodepositing Pt using Ni as the substrate sample, followed by Al-depositing and Al-dissolving. The Pt was electrolyzed using an aqueous solution as the medium, and the Al-depositing and Al-dissolving were treated using a molten salt as the medium. The molten salt used was NaCl–KCl with 3.5 mol% AlF3 added. It was found that Pt electrodeposition formed on the surface had a finer structure. Furthermore, it was clarified that the lower the electrodeposition potential, the thicker the Ni-Pt alloy porous layer. The cathode polarization curve was measured in KOH solution, and the hydrogen gas was determined when a constant voltage electrolysis was performed with a hydrogen detection gas sensor using a tubular yttria-stabilized zirconia (8 mol% Y2O3–ZrO2).
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Cheng, Ching Hsuang, Wan Yu Wu, and Jyh Ming Ting. "Nanoscaled Multilayer Thin Films Based on GZO." Journal of Nano Research 2 (August 2008): 61–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/jnanor.2.61.

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Nanoscaled gallium-doped ZnO (GZO) thin films, bi-layer Pt/GZO thin films, and tri-layer GZO/Pt/GZO thin films were prepared and their characteristics were investigated. These films were deposited on glass substrates using either rf or dc magnetron sputter deposition. The deposition time and the target-to-substrate distance were varied to obtain different total film thicknesses and layer thicknesses. Effects of total film and layer thicknesses on the optical properties and the electrical properties were studied. Theoretical calculations were performed to discuss effect of the thickness on the optical transmittance of the GZO film. As-deposited GZO films show high electrical resistivity, which was greatly reduced by 2 to 3 orders of magnitude due to the introduction of a surface layer of Pt film. However, the optical transmittance was also reduced. This was improved by using an addition anti-refractive GZO surface layer on the Pt/GZO. A GZO/Pt/GZO film exhibiting visible light transmittance greater than 75% and electrical resistivity in the order of 10-4 ohm-cm was obtained.
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32

Kim, Seung-Hyun, Dong-Yeon Park, Hyun-Jung Woo, Dong-Soo Lee, Jowoong Ha, and Cheol Song Hwang. "Effects of IrO2/Pt Hybrid Electrodes on the Crystallization and Ferroelectric Performances of Sol-gel-derived Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 Thin Film Capacitors." Journal of Materials Research 17, no. 7 (July 2002): 1735–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2002.0257.

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The effects of IrO2/Pt layered hybrid bottom and/or top electrode structures on the leakage current density versus voltage (J–V), polarization versus voltage (P–V), ferroelectric imprint, and fatigue properties of chemical-solution-derived Pb(ZrxTi1−x)O3 (PZT, Zr/Ti = 35/65) thin films were investigated. The best P–V and J–V performances were obtained from a capacitor with nonhybrid electrodes (Pt/PZT/Pt capacitor). However, the poor fatigue performance of the capacitor required the adoption of hybrid electrode structures. A thin IrO2 layer, as thin as 6 nm, which was inserted between top Pt electrode and PZT layer was sufficient for improving the fatigue performance without any degradation of the other ferroelectric properties. However, the same layer adopted on the bottom Pt electrode was not effective in improving the fatigue performance with degradation in P–V and J–V properties. This was ascribed to IrO2 layer dissolution into the PZT layer during the crystallization annealing of the PZT thin film. A thicker IrO2 layer resulted in more serious degradation.
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Tsurumaki-Fukuchi, Atsushi, Ryosuke Nakagawa, Masashi Arita, and Yasuo Takahashi. "EELS Analysis of Oxygen Scavenging Effect in a Resistive Switching Structure of Pt/Ta/SrTiO3/Pt." MRS Advances 3, no. 33 (2018): 1925–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/adv.2018.12.

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ABSTRACTA complex mechanism of interfacial oxygen scavenging is revealed by electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS) for a resistive switching oxide of SrTiO3 with a scavenging layer of Ta. When Ta thin layer is inserted at one of the interfaces of Pt/SrTiO3/Pt structure, a large reduction of electrical resistance is induced for the structure, and oxygen defects are introduced at the interfacial part of SrTiO3. In the resistance decrease by voltage applications, simultaneous occurrence of oxidation and reduction of Ta scavenging layer is shown by EELS analyses from the low-loss spectra. The EELS and scanning transmission electron microscopy observations demonstrate that oxygen scavenging by Ta layer is an interfacial phenomenon where the redox reactions occur at the whole part of the interface. In addition, Pt electrode of the structure, which is chemically inert for oxidation, is revealed to have significant effects in the scavenging processes.
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34

Tang, Jason M., Kurt Jensen, Wenzhen Li, Mahesh Waje, Paul Larsen, Palanisamy Ramesh, Mikhail E. Itkis, Yushan Yan, and Robert C. Haddon. "Carbon Nanotube Free-Standing Membrane of Pt/SWNTs as Catalyst Layer in Hydrogen Fuel Cells." Australian Journal of Chemistry 60, no. 7 (2007): 528. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch06411.

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A simple and promising fuel-cell architecture is demonstrated using a carbon nanotube free-standing membrane (CNTFSM) made from Pt supported on purified single-walled carbon nanotubes (Pt/SWNT), which act as the catalyst layer in a hydrogen proton exchange membrane fuel cell without the need for Nafion in the catalyst layer. The CNTFSM made from Pt/SWNT at a loading of 0.082 mg Pt cm–2 exhibits higher performance with a peak power density of 0.675 W cm–2 in comparison with a commercially available E-TEK electrocatalyst made of Pt supported on XC-72 carbon black, which had a peak power density of 0.395 W cm–2 at a loading of 0.084 mg Pt cm–2 also without Nafion in the catalyst layer.
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35

Jeong, Moon Ki, and Hee Chul Lee. "A Study on the Optical and Electrical Properties of GZO/Pt/GZO Multilayered Transparent Electrodes for Photonic Applications." Advanced Materials Research 905 (April 2014): 78–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.905.78.

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We have proposed, prepared, and characterized Pt-inserted Ga-doped ZnO (GZO) transparent electrodes of GZO/Pt/GZO (GPG) multilayers on glass substrates. The GZO and Pt films were in-situ deposited by RF and DC sputtering without breaking vacuum, respectively. The grain structure and deposition rate of the GZO films grown on the Pt insertion layer were different from those of the GZO films sputtered on glass substrates. Pt-inserted GZO electrodes showed remarkably decreased resistivity although the thickness of the Pt layer was as thin as 9 nm. However, the optical transmittance of the GPG electrodes was severely degraded with an increasing thickness of the Pt layer. The structural, optical, and electrical properties of GPG multilayered transparent electrodes were affected by post-annealing conditions such as environment and temperature. That may be associated with an increase in crystallinity and inter-diffusion between Pt and GZO films.
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36

HUY, NGUYEN THANH, and VU NGOC HUNG. "INFLUENCE OF ADHESION LAYERS ON THE SURFACE MORPHOLOGY OF PLATINUM-BASED BOTTOM ELECTRODES FOR Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 THIN FILMS." Surface Review and Letters 18, no. 01n02 (February 2011): 47–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218625x11014400.

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A thin adhesion layer is required to glue Pt bottom electrodes of ferroelectric Pb(Zr,Ti)O 3 thin films to a SiO 2/ Si wafer. Here we report the effect of adhesion layers, Ti and TiO 2, on the crystalline structure and surface properties of Pt electrode. The results show that the hillock formation is observed for the case of Ti glue layer, while the surface of Pt layer is flat and uniform with TiO 2 layer used instead. The crystallization in PZT thin films on Pt / TiO 2/ SiO 2/ Si substrate is investigated during post-deposition annealing. The perovskite phase is completely formed in the film annealed at 650°C for one hour.
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37

Boni, Muralikrishna, Venkateswarlu Velisala, Sivaprasad Kattela, S. Venkata Sai Sudheer, Gandhi Pullagura, and Debabrata Barik. "Comparison of the Anode Side Catalyst Supports with and without Incorporation of Liquid Electrolyte Layer on the Performance of a Passive Direct Methanol Fuel Cell." International Journal of Energy Research 2023 (May 13, 2023): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/1224995.

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In the passive direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) operation, the catalyst plays an important role in electrical energy production. Efficient catalyst support increases the power output and simultaneously decreases irreversible losses in the fuel cell (FC). Effective utilization of methanol at the anode end reduces methanol crossover by selecting good anode catalyst supports. In the present study, two types of anode catalyst support of carbon and carbon black are used. The two types of anode catalysts are Pt-Ru/C+ Pt-Ru/black and Pt-Ru/C along with a 2 mm thick liquid electrolyte (LE) layer placed in the middle of the two half MEAs. The LE layer is made of piled hydrophilic filter papers, which are soaked in a solution of 1 M H2SO4 concentration. The methanol concentration is varied from 1 M to 12 M and from 1 M to 5 M with and without LE-inserted FC, respectively. The passive DMFC with Pt-Ru/C+ Pt-Ru/black anode catalyst and the LE layer exhibit the best performance, producing an MPD of 5.328 mWcm-2 at a 5 M methanol concentration. The MPD produced by the anode catalyst of Pt-Ru/C+ Pt-Ru/black and Pt-Ru/C along with the 2 mm thickness LE layer incorporated fuel cell is 75.26% higher than conventional-based FC of anode catalyst of single-layer catalyst of Pt-Ru/C.
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38

Koyama, T., A. Obinata, Y. Hibino, A. Hirohata, B. Kuerbanjiang, V. K. Lazarov, and D. Chiba. "Dependence of Curie temperature on Pt layer thickness in Co/Pt system." Applied Physics Letters 106, no. 13 (March 30, 2015): 132409. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4916824.

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39

Nondudule, Zikhona, Jessica Chamier, and Mahabubur Chowdhury. "Effect of Stratification of Cathode Catalyst Layers on Durability of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells." Energies 14, no. 10 (May 20, 2021): 2975. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14102975.

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To decrease the cost of fuel cell manufacturing, the amount of platinum (Pt) in the catalyst layer needs to be reduced. In this study, ionomer gradient membrane electrode assemblies (MEAs) were designed to reduce Pt loading without sacrificing performance and lifetime. A two-layer stratification of the cathode was achieved with varying ratios of 28 wt. % ionomer in the inner layer, on the membrane, and 24 wt. % on the outer layer, coated onto the inner layer. To study the MEA performance, the electrochemical surface area (ECSA), polarization curves, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) responses were evaluated under 20, 60, and 100% relative humidity (RH). The stratified MEA Pt loading was reduced by 12% while maintaining commercial equivalent performance. The optimal two-layer design was achieved when the Pt loading ratio between the layers was 1:6 (inner:outer layer). This MEA showed the highest ECSA and performance at 0.65 V with reduced mass transport losses. The integrity of stratified MEAs with lower Pt loading was evaluated with potential cycling and proved more durable than the monolayer MEA equivalent. The higher ionomer loading adjacent to the membrane and the bi-layer interface of the stratified catalyst layer (CL) increased moisture in the cathode CL, decreasing the degradation rate. Using ionomer stratification to decrease the Pt loading in an MEA yielded a better performance compared to the monolayer MEA design. This study, therefore, contributes to the development of more durable, cost-effective MEAs for low-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells.
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40

Jeon, Young-Ah, Woong-Chul Shin, Tae-Suck Seo, and Soon-Gil Yoon. "Improvement in tunability and dielectric loss of (Ba0.5Sr0.5)TiO3 capacitors using seed layers on Pt/Ti/SiO2/Si substrates." Journal of Materials Research 17, no. 11 (November 2002): 2831–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2002.0411.

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The absence of a low dielectric constant layer at the barium strontium titanate (BST)/Pt interface and a decreased roughness are critical issues in the production of (Ba0.5Sr0.5)TiO3 thin films with high tunabilities and low losses. An improvement in dielectric properties was achieved by the insertion of seed layers at the BST/Pt interface by pulsed laser deposition. The higher tunability can be attributed to (100) texturing of the BST films, which is independent of grain size and grain morphologies, thus leading to a variation in seed layer thicknesses. The tunability and dielectric constant of 1600-Å-thick BST films showed a maximum of 53% and 720, respectively, at a seed layer thickness of 100 Å. Dielectric loss is dependent on the roughness of BST films and reached a minimum of 0.8% at a root mean square roughness of 28 Å. The maximum figures of merit, defined as the ratio of tunability to dielectric loss, of approximately 58 at 100 kHz and 198 kV/cm were obtained at a seed layer thickness of 70 Å. The optimized seed layer thickness for BST deposition onto Pt/Ti/SiO2/Si substrates plays an important role in maintaining the high tunabilities and low loss, which are suitable for microwave device applications.
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41

Xu, Guodong, and Bing Huang. "Enhancement of Durability and Electrocatalytic Activity of Pt/C via CTAB-Modified Ultrathin Mesoporous Silica Coating for Methanol Oxidation." Australian Journal of Chemistry 71, no. 11 (2018): 907. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch18356.

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An ultrathin mesoporous silica layer was directly coated onto Pt/C (Pt/C@mSiO2) using a cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB)-modified Stöber method without introducing an intermediate layer. The stability of the synthesised Pt/C@mSiO2 was evaluated by the accelerated potential cycling test (APCT). The electrochemically active surface area (ECSA) of the Pt/C@mSiO2 remained at 90 % while the ECSA of the Pt/C decreased to 51 % after APCT. Transmission electron microscopy images of the Pt/C and the Pt/C@mSiO2 before and after APCT suggest the silica coating effectively suppressed Pt aggregation. Furthermore, the Pt/C@mSiO2 exhibited higher electrocatalytic activity for methanol oxidation reaction than Pt/C.
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42

Li, Qian, Lei Li, Wei Zhou, Jun Chen, Si Yuan Zhang, and Jian Hua Cai. "Magnetic Anisotropy in [Pt/Co]4/MgO/[Co/Pt]2 Multilayers." Materials Science Forum 944 (January 2019): 625–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.944.625.

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A serial of [Pt/Co]4/MgO/[Co/Pt]2multilayers were prepared by magnetron sputtering in this study and Antiferromagnetic (AF) interlayer coupling was observed with increasing MgO spacer thickness. Perpendicular magnetic anisotropy of soft layer in [Pt/Co]4/MgO/[Co/Pt]2multilayers were measured by Extraordinary Hall Effect (EHE). The direction of the magnetic field was parallel to the direction of the current. The results revealed that perpendicular magnetic anisotropy constant Kuoscillates with the thickness of MgO layer which is between 1.3 to 3.3 nm. The period of this oscillation is about 0.43 nm. This is very close to the monolayer (100) MgO. With increasing MgO spacer, the periodic variation of interface between [Pt/Co]nand MgO layer may be one of the reasons for this oscillation behavior of Ku.
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43

Mikhaylova, A. A., V. I. Zilov, A. D. Aliev, and O. A. Khazova. "Carbon nanotubes supported core–shell catalysts Pt-Ru/Ni, Pt-Ru/Pb and Pt-Ru/Ni for methanol oxidation reaction in fuel cell." Electrochemical Energetics 14, no. 2 (2014): 85–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.18500/1608-4039-2014-14-2-85-92.

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The core-shell type catalysts were obtained by spontaneous surface substitution of electrodeposited Pb, Ni and Cu by platinum metals Pt-Ru. The surface layer of obtained catalysts was tested by EDAX; the amount of platinum was determined by ICP-AES. The catalytic activity of obtained catalysts was examined in methanol oxidation reaction. The stationary state currents were referred to EAS, determined from hydrogen adsorption. For all investigated systems the catalytic effect was registered thus confirming the activity of core–shell catalyst.
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44

Bolhan, Aisyah, Norasikin Ahmad Ludin, Najah Syahirah Mohd Nor, Mohd Adib Ibrahim, Suhaila Sepeai, Mohd Asri Mat Teridi, Kamaruzzaman Sopian, and Azami Zaharim. "Catalytic Performance of Pt/rGO using Stacked Layer Technique for DSSC Counter Electrode." Jurnal Kejuruteraan 31, no. 1 (April 30, 2019): 115–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jkukm-2019-31(1)-14.

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The stacked layer technique of platinum (Pt) and reduce graphene oxide (rGO) counters electrode thin film fabricated by using doctor blade method was prepared. The first layer with direct intact on fluorine doped tin oxide (FTO) glass substrate was graphene thin film and second layer on top of graphene layer was Pt thin film. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) were performed on the thin films to determine the formation of crystallite structure and the surface roughness of the thin films, respectively. The crystallite size was determined from XRD data and it shows that Pt/rGO-10 thin film has the suitable crystal size for a better catalytic activity. As for surface roughness analysis from AFM images, Pt and Pt/rGO thin films exhibit the rougher surface compared to rGO thin film. The thin films were further analysed using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) to observe the adhesion of Pt and rGO on FTO glass substrate in nanoscale image. The catalytic activity of each thin film was measured by cyclic voltammetry (CV). The Pt/rGO counter electrode of 10μl aqueous graphene oxide denoted as Pt/rGO-10 has high catalytic activity compare to Pt. The Pt/rGO-10 recorded the highest current density at -3.075 mA/cm-2 indicate a high catalytic activity at the counter electrode. Thus, Pt/rGO-10 counter electrode thin film deemed as comparable to conventional counter electrode material which is Pt. Therefore, Pt/rGO-10 counter electrode is expected to improve the performance of Dye-sensitized solar cell.
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45

Fox, G. R., S. Trolier-McKinstry, S. B. Krupanidhi, and L. M. Casas. "Pt/Ti/SiO2/Si substrates." Journal of Materials Research 10, no. 6 (June 1995): 1508–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1995.1508.

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Pt/Ti/SiO2/Si structures have been studied to investigate the structural, chemical, and microstructural changes that occur during annealing. Grain growth of the as-deposited Pt columns was observed after annealing at 650 °C, and extensive changes in the Pt microstructure were apparent following a 750 °C anneal for 20 min. In addition, two types of defects were identified on the surfaces of annealed substrates. Defect formation was retarded when the surface was covered with a ferroelectric film. Concurrent with the annealing-induced Pt microstructure changes, Ti from the adhesion layer between the Pt and the SiO2 migrated into the Pt layer and oxidized. It was shown with spectroscopic ellipsometry and Auger electron spectroscopy that for long annealing times, the titanium oxide layer can reach the Pt surface. Consequently, at the processing temperatures utilized in preparing many ferroelectric thin films, the substrate is not completely inert or immobile. The changes associated with Ti migration could be especially problematic in techniques that require the substrate to be heated prior to film deposition.
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46

ZASADA, I., and M. A. VAN HOVE. "REFINEMENT OF THE Pt(111)+c(4×2)-2CO STRUCTURE USING AUTOMATED TENSOR LEED." Surface Review and Letters 07, no. 01n02 (February 2000): 15–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218625x0000004x.

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The structure of Pt(111)+c(4×2)-2CO has been refined using the powerful capabilities of automated tensor LEED, in particular to determine hitherto-unexplored adsorbate-induced relaxations in the substrate. The refinement considerably improves the fit to experiment obtained in a previous structural analysis performed with low-energy electron diffraction (LEED). This study confirms that CO occupies both top and bridge sites. It finds a buckling of the outermost Pt layer, such that the Pt atoms bonded to CO molecules are raised out of the surface by 0.06±0.04 Å relative to the Pt atoms which do not bond to CO. The raised atoms have a spacing of 2.28±0.04 Å to the next Pt layer, expanded from the bulk spacing of 2.2655 Å, while the depressed Pt atoms have a reduced spacing of 2.22±0.04 Å to the next Pt layer. The second Pt layer itself shows minor buckling of 0.03±0.04 Å. No lateral relaxations in the substrate are detected within 0.1 Å. The CO molecules are perpendicular to the surface, with bond lengths of 1.12±0.04 Å and 1.19±0.04 Å in top and bridge sites, respectively. The C–Pd spacings, measured between bonding atoms, are 1.92±0.04 Å and 1.40±0.04 Å in top and bridge sites, respectively.
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47

Моргунов, Р. Б., А. И. Безверхний, О. С. Дмитриев, and M. В. Бахметьев. "Условия возникновения спонтанной осциллирующей магнитной релаксации в синтетических ферримагнетиках Pt/Co/Ir/Co/Pt." Физика твердого тела 62, no. 3 (2020): 407. http://dx.doi.org/10.21883/ftt.2020.03.49005.583.

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We had established that the non-monotonic magnetic relaxation appeared, when two or three magnetic fields, switching between stable magnetization states, coincide with each other, in Pt/Co/Ir/Co/Pt synthetic ferrimagnets with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy. Switching fields between stable magnetization states depend on sum of exchange interlayer energy, Zeeman energy and magnetization reversal energy barrier of each layer. This total energy depends on layers thickness and temperature. We had shown that with choose of temperature and free layer thickness we can achieve double or triple points on energy states diagram, which is reason of nonmonotonic magnetization relaxation.
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48

Wu, Hongyan, Zhengbin Gu, Shantao Zhang, and G. Hussain. "Nanomechanical and Macrotribological Properties of CVD-Grown Graphene as a Middle Layer between Metal Pt Cylinders and SiO2/Si Substrate." Journal of Nanomaterials 2015 (2015): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/947947.

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The CVD-grown graphene as a middle layer was introduced between Pt cylinders and SiO2/Si to extend the application of graphene for improving the wear performance of microelectromechanical systems. Periodic arrays of Pt cylinders were prepared on the graphene/SiO2/Si (Pt/graphene) and SiO2/Si substrate (Pt/SiO2) using the magnetron sputtering technique. To characterize Pt/graphene and Pt/SiO2, nanoindentation and macrotribological tests were performed. The results showed that the friction coefficient was lower and the wear lifetime of Pt/graphene was longer than those of Pt/SiO2. Graphene, as a middle layer, was not only observed to have significant influence on the mechanical properties (i.e., microhardness and elastic modulus), but also found to improve the adhesive strength between SiO2/Si and Pt cylinders.
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49

Bonvicini, Stephanie Nicole, Bo Fu, Alison Joy Fulton, Zhitai Jia, and Yujun Shi. "Formation of Au, Pt, and bimetallic Au–Pt nanostructures from thermal dewetting of single-layer or bilayer thin films." Nanotechnology 33, no. 23 (March 17, 2022): 235604. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6528/ac5a83.

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Abstract Formation of Au, Pt, and bimetallic Au–Pt nanostructures by thermal dewetting of single-layer Au, Pt and bilayer Au–Pt thin films on Si substrates was systematically studied. The solid-state dewetting of both single-layer and bilayer metallic films was shown to go through heterogeneous void initiation followed by void growth via capillary agglomeration. For the single-layer of Au and Pt films, the void growth started at a temperature right above the Hüttig temperature, at which the atoms at the surface or at defects become mobile. Uniformly distributed Au (7 ± 1 nm to 33 ± 8 nm) and Pt (7 ± 1 nm) NPs with monodispersed size distributions were produced from complete dewetting achieved for thinner 1.7−5.5 nm thick Au and 1.4 nm thick Pt films, respectively. The NP size is strongly dependent on the initial thin film thickness, but less so on temperature and time. Thermal dewetting of Au–Pt bilayer films resulted in partial dewetting only, forming isolated nano-islands or large particles, regardless of sputtering order and total thin film thickness. The increased resistance to thermal dewetting shown in the Au–Pt bilayer films as compared to the individual Au or Pt layer is a reflection of the stabilizing effect that occurs upon adding Pt to Au in the bimetallic system. Energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopic analysis showed that the two metals in the bilayer films broke up together instead of dewetting individually. According to the x-ray diffraction analysis, the produced Au–Pt nanostructures are phase-segregated, consisting of an Au-rich phase and a Pt-rich phase.
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50

Xian, Jing, Xuemei Zhong, Huan Gu, Xiao Wang, Jiaxin Li, Jingjing Li, Yihan Wu, Chen Zhang, and Jinming Zhang. "Colonic Delivery of Celastrol-Loaded Layer-by-Layer Liposomes with Pectin/Trimethylated Chitosan Coating to Enhance Its Anti-Ulcerative Colitis Effects." Pharmaceutics 13, no. 12 (November 25, 2021): 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics13122005.

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Herein, a flexible oral colon-targeting delivery system, mediated by electrostatic layer-by-layer alternate deposition with pectin-trimethyl chitosan (TMC) onto liposomes-loading celastrol (Cel/PT-LbL Lipo), was fabricated to enhance anti-UC efficacy. Along with layer-by-layer coating, Cel/Lipo exhibited surface charge reversal, a slight increase in particle size, and a sustained drug release profile in a simulative gastrointestinal tract medium. Based on its bilayer coating of polysaccharides, Cel/PT-LbL Lipo alleviated cytotoxicity of celastrol in colon epithelial NCM460 cells. Due to the strong mucoadhesion of TMC with mucin, PT-LbL Lipo benefited colon localization and prolonged retention ability of its payloads. Ultimately, Cel/PT-LbL Lipo significantly mitigated colitis symptoms and accelerated colitis repair in DSS-treated mice by regulating the levels of pro-inflammatory factors related to the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway. Collectively, this study demonstrates that the pectin/trimethylated chitosan coating may allow for Cel/PT-LbL Lipo to function as a more beneficial therapeutic strategy for UC treatment.
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