Academic literature on the topic 'Psychotropic drug use'
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Journal articles on the topic "Psychotropic drug use"
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Wancata, J., N. Benda, U. Meise, and C. Müller. "Use of Psychotropic Drugs in Gynecological, Surgical, and Medical Wards of General Hospitals." International Journal of Psychiatry in Medicine 28, no. 3 (September 1998): 303–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/8xtv-38n6-ewbj-08f1.
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Objective: The purpose of the present study was to investigate the prevalence of psychotropic drug use and the predictors of use during hospitalization. Method: We investigated 728 patients admitted to medical, gynecological, and surgical wards of two non-university general hospitals in Austria for psychotropic drug use, psychiatric morbidity, and sociodemographic characteristics. Results: The use of psychotropics was highest in medical wards (67.6%), followed by surgical (59.3%), and gynecological wards (37.8%). Older age, psychiatric caseness, consultation by psychiatrists and use of psychotropics before admission were predictors for psychotropic drug use. Psychotropics were given for a longer duration to psychiatric cases than to non-cases. Anxiolytics were prescribed most often (39.6%), followed by hypnotics (16.9%), neuroleptics (10.7%), and antidepressants (7.0%). Conclusions: The fact that psychiatric illness is a significant predictor of psychotropic drug use suggests that these drugs were prescribed aptly. The longer duration of use among psychiatric cases supports the idea of appropriate prescriptions.
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Hagen, Brad F., Chris Armstrong-Esther, Paddy Quail, Robert J. Williams, Peter Norton, Carole-Lynn Le Navenec, Roland Ikuta, Maureen Osis, Val Congdon, and Roxane Zieb. "Neuroleptic and benzodiazepine use in long-term care in urban and rural Alberta: characteristics and results of an education intervention to ensure appropriate use." International Psychogeriatrics 17, no. 4 (October 25, 2005): 631–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1041610205002188.
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Objectives: To examine the use of psychotropic drugs in 24 rural and urban long-term care (LTC) facilities, and compare the effect of an education intervention for LTC staff and family members on the use of psychotropic drugs in intervention versus control facilities.Methods: Interrupted time series with a non-equivalent no-treatment control group time series. Data on drug use were collected in 24 Western Canadian LTC facilities (10 urban, 14 rural) for three 2-month time periods before and after the intervention. Pharmacy records were used to collect data on drug, class of drug, dose, administration, and start/stop dates. Chart reviews provided demographics, pro re nata (prn) use, and indications for drug use. Subjects comprised 2443 residents living in the 24 LTC facilities during the 1-year study. An average of 796.33 residents (32.7%) received a psychotropic drug. An education intervention on psychotropic drug use in LTC was offered to intervention physicians, nursing staff, pharmacists and family members.Results: Approximately one-third of residents received a psychotropic drug during the study, often for considerable lengths of time. A minority of psychotropic drug prescriptions had a documented reason for their use, and 69.5% of the reasons would be inappropriate under Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act (OBRA) legislation. Few psychotropic drug prescriptions were discontinued or reduced during the study. More urban LTC residents received neuroleptics and benzodiazepines than their rural counterparts (26.1% vs. 15.7%, and 18.0% vs. 7.6%, respectively). The education intervention did not result in any significant decline in the use of these drugs in intervention facilities.Conclusion: The results suggest substantial use of psychotropic drugs in LTC, although rural LTC residents received approximately half the number of psychotropic drugs compared with urban residents. A resource-intensive intervention did not significantly decrease the use of psychotropics. There is a need for better monitoring of psychotropic drugs in LTC, particularly given that voluntary educational efforts alone may be ineffective agents of change.
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Kovess, V., and M. Ortun. "French patterns of psychotropic drug use." Psychiatry and Psychobiology 5, no. 5 (1990): 301–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0767399x00003801.
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SummaryFrench publications on psychotropics are curiously few. Data are available and French consumption of psychotropics, at least minor tranquilizers has been consistently reported as being higher than that found in other countries. The authors attempt to answer three questions: is French consuption of psychotropics really higher than other countries? Who is consuming those drugs? In which context? After having reviewed comparative data on sales, data from population surveys are analysed together with samples of prescriptions by different categories of physicians. It seems likely that French people consume more anxiolytics but this does not apply to other psychotropic drugs. Given the fact that drugs are almost free of charge in France, it is always difficult to discriminate between what has been prescribed and what has been taken. Overconsumption of anxiolytics is due to the overconsumption of the elderly population (over 60). Minor tranquilizers are mainly prescribed by general practitioners for psychological reasons.
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Linden, Michael, Thomas Bär, and Hanfried Helmchen. "Prevalence and appropriateness of psychotropic drug use in old age: results from the Berlin Aging Study (BASE)." International Psychogeriatrics 16, no. 4 (December 2004): 461–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1041610204000420.
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Background: The aim of this epidemiological study is to examine the prevalence and correlates of psychotropic drug use in the very old and to evaluate the appropriateness of psychotropic drug use in very old age.Methods: Data from the Berlin Aging Study (BASE), a multidisciplinary study of an age- and gender-stratified, randomly selected sample of elderly people living in Berlin are presented. Over-sampling, especially very old men, allows for powerful analyses of this population. All participants went through extensive psychiatric and somatic examinations. Medication intake was assessed by different data sources (interviewing patients and their family physicians, drug inspection at home). Results were brought together in a consensus-conference and research physicians gave operationalized ratings of medication appropriateness.Results: The prevalence of elderly people who were taking at least one psychotropic medication within the 14 days immediately preceding investigation was 29.8%. Of these medications, 68.4% had been taken for longer than one year. There was no effect of age or gender on the scope of psychotropic drug use. Benzodiazepines were taken by 19.8% of the elderly. Antidepressants, neuroleptics and anti-dementia drugs were taken by about 3–4% each. People taking psychotropic drugs had significantly higher levels of psychiatric morbidity, as measured by syndromes and specified diagnoses. Psychotropic drugs were significantly less often judged to be indicated than somatic medications. This is mostly due to benzodiazepines.Conclusions: Psychotropic drug use is common in old age, but there is no additional increase in usage beyond the age of 70. Intake of psychotropics is mostly oriented at symptoms or syndromes, which explains why benzodiazepines are still the most commonly prescribed psychotropics
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Lesén, Eva, Anders Carlsten, Ingmar Skoog, Margda Waern, Max Petzold, and Anne Börjesson-Hanson. "Psychotropic drug use in relation to mental disorders and institutionalization among 95-year-olds: a population-based study." International Psychogeriatrics 23, no. 8 (March 28, 2011): 1270–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1041610211000524.
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ABSTRACTBackground: The prevalence of psychotropic drug use is high among the elderly, but research on how psychotropic drugs are used among individuals aged 90 years and older is limited. An increased knowledge on this topic may contribute to improved prescribing patterns in this vulnerable population. The aim of this study was to assess the use of psychotropic drugs in relation to mental disorders and institutionalization among 95-year-olds and to identify use of potentially inappropriate psychotropic drugs.Methods: All 95-year-olds born in 1901–1903 living in nursing homes or community settings in Gothenburg, Sweden were invited to participate. The response rate was 65% and 338 95-year-olds were examined (263 women, 75 men). Psychotropic drug use in relation to mental disorders and institutionalization was assessed. Information on drug use was collected primarily from multi-dose drug dispensing lists. Participants were examined by trained psychiatrists using the Comprehensive Psychopathological Rating Scale and a battery of cognitive tests. Dementia, depression, anxiety and psychotic disorders were diagnosed according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, third edition, revised (DSM-III-R).Results: Sixty percent of the 95-year-old participants used psychotropic drugs; hypnotics were most common (44%). Potentially inappropriate psychotropics were observed in one third (33%). Antidepressants were used by 7% of the participants without dementia who fulfilled criteria for a depressive disorder, while 56% used hypnotics and 30% used anxiolytics.Conclusions: The high prevalence of psychotropic drug use and the nonspecific nature of these treatments among 95-year-olds indicate a need for improvement in prescribing patterns.
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Goodlet, Kellie J., Monika T. Zmarlicka, and Alyssa M. Peckham. "Drug–drug interactions and clinical considerations with co-administration of antiretrovirals and psychotropic drugs." CNS Spectrums 24, no. 03 (October 8, 2018): 287–312. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s109285291800113x.
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Psychotropic medications are frequently co-prescribed with antiretroviral therapy (ART), owing to a high prevalence of psychiatric illness within the population living with HIV, as well as a 7-fold increased risk of HIV infection among patients with psychiatric illness. While ART has been notoriously associated with a multitude of pharmacokinetic drug interactions involving the cytochrome P450 enzyme system, the magnitude and clinical impact of these interactions with psychotropics may range from negligible effects on plasma concentrations to life-threatening torsades de pointes or respiratory depression. This comprehensive review summarizes the currently available information regarding drug–drug interactions between antiretrovirals and pharmacologic agents utilized in the treatment of psychiatric disorders—antidepressants, stimulants, antipsychotics, anxiolytics, mood stabilizers, and treatments for opioid use disorder and alcohol use disorder—and provides recommendations for their management. Additionally, overlapping toxicities between antiretrovirals and the psychotropic classes are highlighted. Knowledge of the interaction and adverse effect potential of specific antiretrovirals and psychotropics will allow clinicians to make informed prescribing decisions to better promote the health and wellness of this high-risk population.
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Sheehan, Rory. "Optimising psychotropic medication use." Tizard Learning Disability Review 23, no. 1 (January 2, 2018): 22–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/tldr-07-2017-0031.
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Purpose This commentary accompanies Clare et al.’s study investigating psychotropic drug prescribing for adults with intellectual disability who were referred to specialist community learning disability teams in the east of England. The purpose of this paper is to explore some of the background to psychotropic drug prescribing for people with intellectual disability, review important contextual factors that influence prescribing decisions, and consider how we might make the best use of psychotropic drugs in this group. Design/methodology/approach Narrative summary and opinion, supported by reference to recent research literature. Findings Psychotropic drug use for people with intellectual disability raises complex issues, not least because of the lack of research evidence that exists on the topic. Psychotropic drugs can be an important part of treatment for people with mental illness but further research is needed to support prescribing for challenging behaviour. Medication optimisation is a framework within which individual preferences and values are considered alongside the evidence base and clinical judgement in order to inform safe, effective, and collaborative management decisions. Practical implications Prescribing decisions should be individualised and reviewed regularly, incorporating evidence from patients and carers. Improving the use of psychotropic medication requires concerted action, adequate social support, and the provision of alternative, non-pharmacological interventions that are acceptable and effective. Originality/value This paper reviews some of the current concerns about the use of psychotropic drugs and opens up new avenues of discussion.
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Rasmussen, Lotte, Niels Bilenberg, Martin Thomsen Ernst, Sidsel Abitz Boysen, and Anton Pottegård. "Use of Psychotropic Drugs among Children and Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorders in Denmark: A Nationwide Drug Utilization Study." Journal of Clinical Medicine 7, no. 10 (October 10, 2018): 339. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm7100339.
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Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have a considerable use of psychotropics. Leveraging nationwide registry data, we aimed to describe the use of psychotropics among children and adolescents with ASD in Denmark. Use of melatonin and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) medication increased from 2010 to 2017, while there were limited changes in use of antidepressants and antipsychotics. Thirty percent of the identified children used psychotropics in 2017 most commonly ADHD medication (17%) and melatonin (13%). Methylphenidate, sertraline and risperidone were most often prescribed. Most children filled more than one prescription and, across drug classes, at least 38% received treatment two years after treatment initiation. Use of psychotropics followed psychiatric comorbidities. Comorbidities did not affect age at treatment initiation. Use of psychotropics varied according to age and sex with limited use in the youngest children. In summary, psychotropic drug use has increased in children with ASD mainly due to an increase in the use of ADHD medication and melatonin. In accordance with previous studies, use seems to follow comorbidities. The long treatment duration underlines the need to investigate long-term effects of psychotropic drug use in children with ASD.
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&NA;. "Psychotropic drug use in pregnancy." Reactions Weekly &NA;, no. 698 (April 1998): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128415-199806980-00003.
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Grinshpoon, Alexander, Eli Marom, Abraham Weizman, and Alexander M. Ponizovsky. "Psychotropic Drug Use in Israel." Primary Care Companion to The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry 09, no. 05 (October 15, 2007): 356–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4088/pcc.v09n0504.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Psychotropic drug use"
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Beau, Raphaelle. "Psychotropic drug use in children." Thesis, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (University of London), 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.590623.
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Mathis, Leigh Ann. "Student Psychotropic Drug Use, Past Therapy Experience and Length of Therapy." TopSCHOLAR®, 2008. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/49.
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Giron, Maria Stella T. "The rational use of drugs in a population of very old persons /." Stockholm : [Karolinska institutets bibl.], 2002. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2002/91-7349-155-1.
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Myhrene, Steffenak Anne Kjersti. "Mental Distress and Psychotropic Drug Use among Young People, and Public Health Nurses` Conceptions of Their Roles." Doctoral thesis, Karlstads universitet, Institutionen för hälsovetenskaper, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-30600.
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Aim: The overall aim of this thesis was to study mental distress, health and lifestyle habits, social factors and psychotropic drug use by young people, and how PHNs conceive their roles in relation to this. Methods: Quantitative and qualitative methods were used. Study I included data from the Norwegian Youth Health Study (NYHS, 11 620 participants, aged 15-16 years) (2000–2003) linked to the Norwegian Prescription Database (NorPD) (2004–2009). Study II included prescription data on psychotropic drugs among 15-16 year olds from the NorPD (2006–2010). Eight young people were interviewed and qualitative content analysis was used to analyse the data (III). Study IV included interviews with 20 Public Health Nurses (PHN), and was analysed using a phenomenographic approach. Main results: Mental distress was reported among 15.5% of the adolescents non-users of psychotropic drugs, 75% of whom were girls. In both genders reporting mental distress, incident psychotropic use was higher one to nine years, up to 27.7% among girls, as compared with the rest of the participants. In addition, health, lifestyle habits and social factors were associated with incident use (I). Psychotropic drug use increased during 2006–2010, hypnotics and melatonin accounted for most of the increase. In total, 16.4% of all incident psychotropic drug users in 2007 were still having prescriptions dispensed in 2010 (II). Young people experience both beneficial and undesired effects from psychotropic drugs. Access to professional support and follow-up was experienced as insufficient. Life with family, friends, school and work was influenced by psychotropic drug use, and they were afraid of being lonely and stigmatized (III). The PHNs conceived their roles in relation to young people as; the discovering PHNs who became aware of psychotropic drug use in the health dialogues and chose either to act or not to act in relation to this. Those PHNs who took action continued to be the cooperating PHNs who cooperated with the young people, their families, schools, and others. If cooperation was established, the supporting PHNs teach and support the young people in relation to psychotropic drug use (IV). Conclusions: Attention must be paid to poor mental health and increasing psychotropic drug use by young people. Advances in knowledge, treatment and follow-up are needed. The prevalence of mental distress among young people, with differences between the genders, as well as between socioeconomic groups, should have consequences for health promotion strategies. PHNs in Norway, working in health centres and schools, have responsibility and opportunity to identify and follow-up young people with mental health problems.Baksidestext International studies indicate an increase in mental distress and psychotropic drug use among young people. In this thesis mental distress is reported among 15.5 % of the young people. Of those reporting mental distress 75 % were girls. One quarter of the girls reporting mental distress at 15-16 years of age was incident users of psychotropic drugs one to nine years later. Psychotropic drug use, increase among young people, particularly hypnotic drugs. The young people experience beneficial and undesired effects of the psychotropic drugs. They miss out on professional availability and follow-up, and experience negative reactions related to their psychotropic drug use by their significant others. The public health nurse who discovers psychotropic drug use among young people chooses either to act or not to act in relation to this. Those who choose to act continue to cooperate with the young people and others. An established cooperation was followed by a public health nurse who supports and teaches the young people. The prevalence of mental distress, with a high frequency of initiation of psychotropic drug use among young people should have consequences for health promotion in the school health service. Public health nurses, working in health centers and schools, have a responsibility to promote health and prevent health problems. They have the responsibility and opportunity to identify young people struggling with mental health problems and psychotropic drug use as well as teach and support significant others.
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Lövheim, Hugo. "Psychotropic and analgesic drug use among old people : with special focus on people living in institutional geriatric care." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för samhällsmedicin och rehabilitering, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-1608.
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Old people in general, and those affected by dementia disorders in particular, are more sensitive to drug side effects than younger people. Despite this, the use of nervous system drugs and analgesics among old people is common, and has increased in recent years. Institutional geriatric care accommodates people who need round-the-clock supervision and care, due to somatic, psychiatric, cognitive or behavioral symptomatology. A majority of those living in institutional geriatric care suffers from dementia disorders. This thesis is based on three different data collections. Two large cross-sectional studies, the AC1982 and AC2000 data collections, including all those living in institutional geriatric care in the county of Västerbotten in May 1982 and 2000 respectively (n=3195 and n=3669) and one study, the GERDA/Umeå 85+ data collection, including a sample of very old people, living at home and in institutions (n=546), in the municipalities of Umeå, Sweden and Vaasa and Mustasaari, Finland, in 2005-2006. The use of psychotropic drugs and analgesics was common among old people living in geriatric care and among very old people in general. A higher proportion of people with dementia received certain nervous system drugs, such as antipsychotic drugs. The use of antipsychotic drugs among people with cognitive impairment living in geriatric care was found to be correlated to several behaviors and symptoms that are not proper indications for antipsychotic drug use, and also factors related more to the staff and the caring situation. Over the course of eighteen years, from 1982 to 2000, there has been a manifold increase in the use of antidepressants, anxiolytics and hypnotics in geriatric care, but the use of antipsychotics had decreased slightly. During the same time, the prevalence of several depressive symptoms decreased significantly, correcting for demographical changes. One analysis of calculated numbers needed to treat, however, indicated poor remission rates, suggesting that even better results might be achievable. The prevalence of depressive symptoms among people with moderate cognitive impairment remained unchanged between 1982 and 2000, despite the fact that about 50% were receiving treatment with antidepressants in 2000. One possible explanation might be that depressive symptoms have different etiologies in different stages of a dementia disorder. Approximately a quarter of the people experiencing pain in geriatric care were not receiving any regular analgesic treatment. One possible reason might be misconceptions among the caring staff regarding whether or not the residents were receiving analgesic treatment. Such misconceptions were found to be common. In conclusion, psychotropic and analgesic drug use among old people in geriatric care, and very old people in general, was found to be common and in many cases possibly inappropriate. The use of antipsychotics among people with dementia deserves particular concern, because of the high risk of severe adverse events and the limited evidence for positive effects. The use of antidepressants, on the other hand, might have contributed to a lower prevalence of depressive symptoms among old people.
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Kuno, Ai. "Growing up with one parent: its association with psychotropic drug use in young adulthood : A register-based study in Sweden." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Centrum för forskning om ojämlikhet i hälsa (CHESS), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-132258.
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The overall aim of this study was to investigate the association between family structure in childhood and mental health problems in young adulthood. A prospective cohort study was conducted with 481,777 individuals with complete follow-up information, which was obtained from national registers in Sweden. Individuals who were living with only one biological parent at age 17 were compared with those who grew up with two parents with regard to retrieval of prescribed psychotropic drugs at age 35. The association was examined by Cox regression analyses with equal survival time for all individuals included in the analyses. The results demonstrated a higher risk for retrieval of psychotropic medicines among the individuals who grew up with only one parent, with hazard ratio of 1,21 (95%CI: 1,19-1,23). The multivariate analyses showed that a part of the association was explained by familial and individual factors, namely parents’ country of origin, area of residence, parents’ and the individual’s educational attainment, receipt of social benefits and parents’ history of psychiatric disorder. The results indicated that the increased risk of mental health problems among individuals who grew up with only one parent might be accounted for by various psychological, social and economic factors associated to parental separation.
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Tjäderborn, Micaela. "Psychoactive prescription drug use disorders, misuse and abuse : Pharmacoepidemiological aspects." Doctoral thesis, Linköpings universitet, Avdelningen för läkemedelsforskning, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-130768.
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Background: There is a widespread and increasing use of psychoactive prescription drugs, such as opioid analgesics, anxiolytics, hypnotics and anti-epileptics, but their use is associated with a risk of drug use disorder, misuse and abuse. Today, these are globally recognized and emerging public health concerns. Aim: The aim of this thesis is to estimate the prevalence of psychoactive prescription drug (PPD) use disorders, misuse and abuse, and to investigate the association with some potential risk factors. Methods: A study using register data from forensic cause of death investigations investigated and described cases of fatal unintentional intoxication with tramadol (Study I). Based on register data on spontaneously reported adverse drug reactions (ADRs) reported cases of tramadol dependence were investigated and summarised (Study II). In a study in suspected drug-impaired drivers with a toxicology analysis confirming the intake of one out of five pre-specified PPDs, the prevalence of non-prescribed use was assessed and associated factors were investigated (Study III). From a cohort of patients initiating prescribed treatment with pregabalin, using data on prescription fills, a study investigated longitudinal utilisation patterns during five years with regards to use of the drug above the maximum approved daily dose (MAD), and factors associated with the utilisation patterns (Study IV). Results: In the first study, 17 cases of unintentional intoxications were identified, of which more concerned men, the median age was 44 years and the majority used multiple psychoactive substances (alcohol, illicit drugs and prescription drugs). The second study identified 104 spontaneously reported cases of tramadol dependence, in which more concerned women, the median age was 45 years, and a third reported a history of substance abuse and 40% of past psychoactive medication use. In the third study, more than half of the individuals suspected of drug-impaired driving used the drug without a recent prescription. Non prescribed use was most frequent in users of benzodiazepines and tramadol, and was more likely in younger individuals and in multiple-substance users. In the last paper five longitudinal utilisation patterns were found in pregabalin users, with two patterns associated with a particularly high risk of doses above the maximum approved dosing recommendation. This pattern of use was associated with male sex, younger age, non-urban residency and a recent prescribed treatment with an antiepileptic or opioid analgesic drug. Conclusions: This thesis shows that psychoactive prescription drug use disorders, misuse and abuse occur and may have serious and even fatal consequences. The prevalence varies between different drugs and populations. Abuse and misuse seem to be more common in young people. Fatal intoxications and misuse of prescribed drugs may be more common in men, while drug use disorders following prescribed treatment may be more common in women and non-prescribed use equally distributed between women and men. Individuals with a history of mental illness, substance use disorder or abuse, or of past use of psychoactive medications are likely important risk groups. In summary, the findings suggest a potential for improvements in the utilisation of psychoactive prescription drugs. The results may be useful in the planning of clinical and regulatory preventive interventions to promote the rational, individualised and safe use of such drugs.
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White, Ian, and n/a. "Prescribed psychotropic drug use in the Australian Capital Territory : a study of the prevalence and patterns of use in women and the prescribing habits of general practitioners - implications for health education." University of Canberra. Education, 1990. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20061110.130512.
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Psychotropic drugs are mind affecting compounds. They range in type
from illegal narcotic analgesics such as heroin, to prescribed major
tranquillisers used for treatment of psychotic states, to prescribed
minor tranquillisers such as the benzodiazepines, Valium and Mogadon,
to the freely available, over the counter drugs, Aspirin and Panadol.
Overseas and Australian data show the minor tranquilliser group,
benzodiazepines, first introduced on the pharmaceutical scene in
the early 1960s, to be the most commonly prescribed psychotropic
drugs. Their popularity with medical practitioners as prescription
drugs for conditions of anxiety, stress, insomnia and some forms
of epilepsy, arises from the advertised inference by drug companies
that they are free from any side effects in the patient such as
dependence, tolerance and on termination of treatment, absence of
withdrawal syndrome. Benzodiazepines were first introduced as a
substitute for the well known dependence producing barbiturate based
sedatives.
Overseas and Australian data show women are prescribed psychotropic
drugs, particularly benzodiazepines, twice as often as men and in
many instances for conditions unrelated to those for which the drugs
are recommended.
Australian data comes from two sources, official statistics such
as the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme and from surveys of drug use.
Both sources of data are incomplete, inaccurate and in many cases
misleading. The true picture of prescribed psychotropic drug use
in Australia therefore lacks resolution and in all probability
underestimates prevalence and patterns of use in the community.
There is no data on the prevalence and patterns of use of prescribed
psychotropic drugs in the Australian Capital Territory. It was therefore
deemed appropriate to conduct a survey to determine their prevalence
and patterns of use. The survey was confined to women for several
reasons: Women are a target group in the Commonwealth and State
Government 'Drug Offensive'; evidence from studies overseas and in
Australia shows that women are prescribed psychotropic drugs,
particularly benzodiazepines, twice as often as men; Australian data
suggests that this trend is uniform and therefore the Australian
Capital Territory should be no different.
Data shows that doctors, particularly General Practitioners, are
the main source of prescribed psychotropic drugs. The main psychotropic
drugs prescribed by general practitioners are benzodiazepines. It
was therefore deemed appropriate to conduct a survey of general
practitioner's attitudes, knowledge and beliefs about the appropriate
use of benzodiazepines as these factors carry weight in a doctor's
prescribing habits.
The survey of women was conducted using a standardised, structured,
telephone survey on a random sample of 120 women in the Australian
Capital Territory.
The results of the survey show that 40% of the sample had used
prescribed psychotropics at some stage in their lives. Most users
were older women, married, well educated and working full time. Level
of knowledge about the drug was low, compliance with respect to use
was high. Most prescribed psychotropic drugs were obtained from a
doctor. There appears to be little drug sharing or concurrent drug
use. Half of the prescribed psychotropics were benzodiazepines the
other half were mostly anti-depressants. Use of over the counter
psychotropics was very high.
The survey of general practitioners was conducted using a standardised,
structured mailed questionnaire distributed to a random sample of
25 general practitioners in the Australian Capital Territory.
The results show the majority of doctors prescribe the drugs for
common indications (anxiety, stress, insomnia and some forms of
epilepsy) in excess of one week. For specific anxiety states however,
most prescribe the drugs along with some form of counselling. The
majority of doctors (77%) think counselling is not as effective as
drug treatment. All doctors surveyed think patients should be advised
of the drugs effects on driving and machinery operation; the drugs
should not be shared with others; that the drugs should not be
terminated abruptly; the drugs should not be used concurrently with
alcohol. The majority (92%) believe benzodiazepines are over prescribed
and most doctors (77%) believe the drugs produce dependence in patients.
The majority (58%) believe women of child bearing age are at risk
using benzodiazepines while 50% think pregnant women are at risk.
The majority of doctors did not believe that people older than 60
years of age are at risk but most believe children are at risk.
The findings of both surveys have implications for health educators
and others with a concern for drug education in the community.
Recommendations arising from this study have been made. They are
presented at the conclusion of this thesis.
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Escots, Serge. "Anthropologie semiotique des usages de psychotropes : pour une formalisation du sens de leurs usages." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020EHES0183.
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Cette thèse vise à clarifier ce que les sociétés contemporaines désignent par « usage de drogue » et les types d’objets, d’expériences et de pratiques sociales référés à ces usages. L’anthropologie ne fournit pas de définition opératoire et ni la sociologie de la déviance qui circonscris l’usage de drogue aux cadres normatifs (Ogien A., 1995 et 2000 ; Becker H., 2001), ni les définitions médico-pharmacologiques qui classent les psychotropes en fonction de leurs propriétés, ne suffisent à rendre compte de l’expérience à la fois individuelle et collective de « l’usage de drogue ». Si nous disposons avec la notion de « fuitage pharmaceutique » (Lovell, 2008) d’un concept pour décrire le processus qui conduit d’un médicament à l’usage de drogue, nous ne disposons pas de cadre épistémologique pour expliquer pourquoi et comment ? Il nous manque le point de vue intérieur de ceux par qui s’opère cette reconfiguration et le contexte anthropologique dans lequel celle-ci s’inscrit. En l’absence d’une compréhension des processus sémiotiques qui tiennent ensemble, les dynamiques neuropharmacologiques, l’expérience singulière du consommateur et l’inscription sociale de l’usage, il est difficile d’en comprendre le sens. L’anthropologie sémiotique (Lassègue, Rosenthal, Visetti, 2009), nous permet de comprendre comment la reconfiguration de l’usage d’un antalgique en drogue apparaît comme forme symbolique au XIXe siècle par le geste littéraire de Thomas De Quincey (Vigarello, 1991). Des outils d’analyse sémiotique, nous permettent de mettre en évidence, dans le cas du Subutex®, les liens entre contexte socio-historique, fabrique de la norme et invention d’une nouvelle drogue. Ils nous permettent d’analyser l’histoire des transformations des formes sémiotiques d’usages de drogue du XVIIIe siècle à nos jours. Dès lors, il est légitime de s’interroger si la transformation de l’usage thérapeutique en usage de drogue est la seule transformation symbolique possible dans le champ sémiotique des usages de psychotropes ? À partir de ce cadre épistémologique appliqué à différents matériaux, nous montrerons que le rapport d’Homo sapiens aux psychotropes s’organise à partir d’opérateurs de diversification sémiotique se déployant dans des activités chamaniques, religieuses, sociales, médicales, scientifiques, technologiques, artistiques, économiques, politiques, médiatiques, etc. Ce point étant acquis, nous proposerons de formaliser le rapport d’Homo sapiens aux psychotropes selon six motifs existentiels d’usages : Proesthésique, Épiphanique, Curatif, Mélioratif et anti-Mélioratif, Affiliatif. Ce système sémiotique dynamique nous fournit les bases pour construire le socle d’une anthropologie sémiotique des psychotropesThis thesis aims to clarify what contemporary societies refer to as "drug use" and the types of objects, experiences and social practices referred to these uses. Anthropology does not provide an operative definition, neither does the sociology of deviance which locates drug use in normative frameworks (Ogien A., 1995 and 2000; Becker H., 2001), nor the medical-pharmacological definitions that classify psychotropic drugs according to their properties : they are not sufficient to account for both individual and collective experience of "drug use". The concept of "pharmaceutical leakage" (Lovell, 2008) makes it possible to describe the process that leads from a medical use to a drug use but it does not provide an epistemological framework which would explain why and how. What is lacking is the inner perspective of the actors themselves in anthropological contexts. Failing to understand the semiotic processes that hold together neuropharmacological dynamics, the singular experience of the user and the social inscription of use, it becomes difficult to understand their meaning. Semiotic anthropology (Lassègue, Rosenthal, Visetti, 2009), allows us to understand the reconfiguration of an analgesic drug into a symbolic form as the literary gesture of Thomas De Quincey (Vigarello, 1991) amply shows. Tools of semiotic analysis allow us to highlight, in the case of Subutex®, the links between the socio-historical context, the construction of the norm and the invention of a new drug. They allow us to analyze the history of transformations in the semiotic forms of drug use from the 18th century to the present day. It is therefore legitimate to ask whether the transformation of a therapeutic use into a drug use is the only possible symbolic transformation in the semiotic field of psychotropic drug use. Applying the epistemological framework of semiotic anthropology to various fields, we will show that the relationship of Homo sapiens to psychotropic drugs is organized into semiotic operators that are instrumental in shamanic, religious, social, medical, scientific, technological, artistic, economic, political, etc. activities. We propose to formalize the relationship of Homo sapiens to psychotropic drugs according to six existential motifs of use : Proesthesic, Epiphanic, Curative, Meliorative and anti-Meliorative, Affiliative. This semiotic system dynamically provides us with the foundation of a semiotic anthropology of psychotropic drugs and their uses
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Vanderpot, Lynne Esther. "The interrelationship between spirituality and psychiatric medication use : a hermeneutic phenomenological study." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2015. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=229440.
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This thesis explores the perceived relationship between spirituality and psychiatric medication use in individuals living with severe mental health problems. The biological approach to mental health treatment is the dominant paradigm of care across the Western world, which justifies the use of psychopharmacology as a first-line therapy. In the last 30 years, the steady rise in the use of prescription medications has generated much debate and controversy. Historically, much of what we know about psychiatric medication comes from professionals and experts. Comparatively little is known about the perspectives of service users. There is also strong evidence to suggest that religion and spirituality are playing a growing role in addressing mental health problems. Both spirituality and psychiatric medication are known to mediate the processes of wellness and recovery, yet it is not well understood how their interactions may impact upon recovery. The intention of this thesis was to explore this unknown area. The methodology used in this thesis was hermeneutic phenomenology. A purposive sample of twenty people who self-identified as spiritual and/or religious, and were or had in the past taken psychiatric medication participated. Data were collected via in-depth, unstructured interviews, and analysed using a modified approach, based on the works of other researchers. The key finding in this study is that people experienced a multiplicity of interactions between spirituality and psychiatric medication which significantly impacted treatment outcomes, in both positive and negative ways. The overall findings of this research highlights the need for greater awareness of spirituality as a nonpharmacological factor which can impact upon drug treatment outcomes.
Books on the topic "Psychotropic drug use"
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Elianne, Riska, ed. Gendered moods: Psychotropics and society. London: Routledge, 1995.
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Mind-altering drugs: Use, abuse, and treatment. Newbury Park, Calif: SAGE Publications, 1987.
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Mark, Galizio, and Connors, Gerard J. (Gerard Joseph), 1952-, eds. Drug use and abuse. 6th ed. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth, 2011.
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Maisto, Stephen A. Drug use and misuse. Fort Worth, TX: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1991.
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The seven sisters of sleep: The celebrated drug classic. Rochester, Vt: Park Street Press, 1997.
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Schlaadt, Richard G. Drugs of choice: Current perspectives on drug use. 2nd ed. Englewood Cliffs, N.J: Prentice-Hall, 1986.
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Cooke, M. C. The seven sisters of sleep. Lincoln, Mass: Quarterman Publications, 1989.
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Reut, Veronika Gennadʹevna. Otchet po rezulʹtatam issledovanii︠a︡ urovni︠a︡ potreblenii︠a︡ psikhoaktivnykh veshchestv (PAV) sredi uchashcheĭsi︠a︡ molodezhi Respubliki Belarusʹ. Minsk: Akademii︠a︡ poslediplomnogo obrazovanii︠a︡, 2012.
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T, Shannon Peter, ed. Drugs: Use, misuse, and abuse. 4th ed. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1994.
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Kaplan, Harold I. Pocket handbook of psychiatric drug treatment. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins, 1993.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Psychotropic drug use"
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Cohen, Lee S., Lori Altshuler, Vicki L. Heller, and Jerrold Rosenbaum. "Psychotropic Drug Use in Pregnancy." In The Practitioner’s Guide to Psychoactive Drugs, 417–40. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-5877-4_10.
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Cohen, Lee S., Jerrold F. Rosenbaum, and Vicki L. Heller. "Psychotropic Drug Use in Pregnancy." In The Practitioner’s Guide to Psychoactive Drugs, 389–405. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-1137-0_10.
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Kerns, Lawrence L., and Gilla P. Davis. "Psychotropic Drugs in Pregnancy." In Drug Use in Pregnancy: Mother and Child, 81–93. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4157-1_9.
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Behere, Prakash B., Anweshak Das, and Aniruddh P. Behere. "Psychotropic Drug Use in Special Patient Group." In Clinical Psychopharmacology, 167–74. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-2092-7_10.
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del Carmen Panini, Alicia, Marisa Hilda Garraza, Mauricio Roberto Teves, Emiliano Giraudo, and Claudia Patricia Calderón. "Use of Psychotropic Drugs: Between the Medicalization and Rationality." In Psychiatry and Neuroscience Update, 207–15. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-17103-6_15.
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Martinius, J. "Is the Use of Psychotropic Drugs Helpful Within Child Psychiatry?" In Brain and Behavior in Child Psychiatry, 358–67. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-75342-8_22.
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Alwan, Sura, and Anick Bérard. "Epidemiology of the Use of Psychotropic Drugs in Pregnant and Nursing Women." In Perinatal Psychopharmacology, 3–16. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-92919-4_1.
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Kaplan, Yusuf Cem, and Hilal Erol-Coskun. "Safety Parameters and Risk Categories Used for Psychotropic Drugs in Pregnancy and Lactation." In Perinatal Psychopharmacology, 37–53. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-92919-4_3.
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Matzk, Sören, Chrysanthi Tsiasioti, Susann Behrendt, Kathrin Jürchott, and Antje Schwinger. "Pflegebedürftigkeit in Deutschland." In Pflege-Report 2020, 239–77. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-61362-7_16.
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Zusammenfassung Zusammenfassung Der Beitrag liefert ein ausführliches Bild zum Stand der Pflegebedürftigkeit und der gesundheitlichen Versorgung der Pflegebedürftigen in Deutschland. Die Analysen basieren auf GKV-standardisierten AOK-Daten. Sie zeigen Prävalenz, Verläufe und Versorgungsformen der Pflege sowie Kennzahlen zur gesundheitlichen Versorgung der Pflegebedürftigen. Im Fokus stehen die Inanspruchnahme von ärztlichen und stationären Leistungen, Polymedikation und Verordnungen von PRISCUS-Wirkstoffen und Psychopharmaka. Die Ergebnisse werden der Versorgung der Nicht-Pflegebedürftigen gleichen Alters gegenübergestellt und differenziert nach Schwere der Pflegebedürftigkeit und Versorgungssetting ausgewiesen. The article provides empirical insights on the scope and state of long-term care services in Germany. This includes health service provision for persons in need of care. The article lays out key figures regarding the prevalence, pathways and forms of care based on standardised AOK statutory health insurance data. An additional focus lies on the use of out- and inpatient health care services as well as on polypharmacy and prescriptions of PRISCUS medication and psychotropic drugs. Findings are contrasted with data on members of the same age group who are not in need of care and discussed in relation to the severity of the need of care and the care provision setting.
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"Historical Perspective of Psychotropic Drug Use." In Psychopharmacological Issues in Geriatrics, edited by Juan Medrano, 3–15. BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/9781681080345115010004.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Psychotropic drug use"
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Du, Y., IK Wolf, and H. Knopf. "Association of psychotropic drug use with falls among older adults in Germany. Results of the German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Adults 2008 – 2011 (DEGS1)." In Gemeinsam forschen – gemeinsam handeln. Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1606014.
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Darwich, Rosângela Araújo, Maíra de Cássia Evangelista de Sousa, and Ana Letícia de Moraes Nunes. "ALTERNATIVES TO DISENCHANTMENT? AN INTERNET-MEDIATED RESEARCH DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC." In International Psychological Applications Conference and Trends. inScience Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36315/2021inpact050.
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"Over the past three decades, extraordinary changes have taken place in the daily lives of families with sufficiently high purchasing power to guarantee access to digital devices and internet connection. Nowadays people have access to nearly unlimited information on their digital, mobile and ubiquitous devices and are themselves information to be accessed from anywhere in the world. Not only does the internet connect people to machines, but also to other people through social networks, online games, blogs / websites and the most diverse digital platforms, such as Facebook, Google, Uber, Ifood, Netflix, Tinder and Spotify. The notions of time and space are transformed, and we start to live in a hybrid space, where real and virtual coexist. In parallel with the use of digital platforms, balance and health started to be sought, more and more, by means of psychotropic drugs, whose consumption starts in childhood and makes us wonder what this world is, which saddens, shakes, bewilders, and disenchants. It is in this sense that people seem to be adapting to a new historical moment in which a large part of thoughts and feelings disturbs them. By struggling against those, human beings struggle against their own humanity. Some other problems came to light with the COVID-19 pandemic: the physical contact restriction confined people to their homes, where they often found even more discomfort and, in many cases, violence of all kinds. On the other hand, digital technologies have enabled social isolation to be circumvented, given the countless possibilities for interaction that they offer. Therefore, this study aims to reflect on the possibilities of personal and social action in the face of challenging situations, towards the construction of assertive and respectful, non-coercive relationships. To this end, based on Behavior Analysis concepts, we attempt to clarify the extent to which the same circumstances that cause pleasure can justify an increasing difficulty in dealing with frustrations, boredom and other emotions identified as being negative, taking into account consideration the internet use during the COVID-19 pandemic. To illustrate this perspective, we present an internet-mediated research, developed this year with ten families, aiming the creation of spaces for dialogue and reflection between a child and its mother or father, favoring the quality of the relationship between them and the child’s self-esteem. We point out that participants, as well as us all, can reinvent contemplative activities alongside greater proactivity."