Academic literature on the topic 'Psychotic disease'
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Journal articles on the topic "Psychotic disease"
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Brown, Kayla, Laura Corlin, Maureen Dubreuil, Tien Tran, Hannah Brown, and Christina Borba. "M87. PREVALENCE OF AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES IN INDIVIDUALS WITH PRIMARY PSYCHOTIC DISORDERS AT BOSTON MEDICAL CENTER." Schizophrenia Bulletin 46, Supplement_1 (April 2020): S167—S168. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/schbul/sbaa030.399.
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Abstract Background The prevalence of autoimmune diseases is higher among individuals with psychiatric illnesses than in the general population. It is unknown if the prevalence of autoimmune diseases differs among people with different primary psychotic disorders. Our objective was to assess whether the prevalence of autoimmune diseases differs among people with schizophrenia/schizoaffective disorder, affective (bipolar/depression) psychosis, and other psychotic disorders (delusional, brief psychotic, schizophreniform, or unspecified psychosis). Methods For our cross-sectional study, we used International Classification of Diseases (ICD) codes to identify individuals with primary psychotic disorders/unspecified psychoses who received treatment at Boston Medical Center between October 2003 and May 2019. Individuals with other/unspecified psychosis with an organic cause and individuals with unspecified psychosis, brief psychotic disorder with coinciding drug withdrawal, post-partum psychosis, or drug-induced mental illness, confusion, or seizure were excluded. Autoimmune diseases were categorized as systemic or as one of seven organ-specific subgroups (dermatological, endocrinological, gastroenterological, hematological, non-systemic connective tissue, and neurological). Multivariable logistic regression was used to compare differences in prevalence of autoimmune diseases among individuals with different psychoses adjusting for age, sex, and race. We also considered sex and race-stratified analyses. Results Of the 13,938 individuals (mean age = 43 years; 58% male) diagnosed with psychosis, 55% had schizophrenia, 17% had affective psychosis, and 29% had other/unspecified psychosis. Overall, nearly 9% of individuals with psychosis had at least one autoimmune disease (8% with schizophrenia, 11% with affective psychosis, and 8% with other/unspecified psychosis). The most prevalent autoimmune disease subgroups were systemic (39%), dermatological (26%), and endocrinological (23%). Compared to individuals with schizophrenia, individuals with affective psychosis had increased odds of having any autoimmune disease (OR: 1.38; 95% CI: 1.17, 1.63), dermatological autoimmune diseases (OR: 1.55; 95% CI: 1.15, 2.07), or endocrinological autoimmune diseases (OR: 1.56; 95% CI: 1.14, 2.12). Compared to individuals with schizoaffective as the only psychosis diagnosis, individuals with affective psychosis had increased odds of having any autoimmune disease (OR: 1.31; 95% CI: 1.03, 1.66) and individuals with schizophrenia had decreased odds of having neurological autoimmune diseases (OR: 0.46; 95% CI: 0.23, 0.96). Among individuals with any psychotic disorder, females were 95% more likely to have any autoimmune disease (OR: 1.95; 95% CI: 1.72, 2.20). No racial differences were observed overall; however, compared to individuals who identified as white, individuals who identified as Black, Hispanic, and Asian had decreased odds of having gastroenterological autoimmune diseases (OR: 0.52; 95% CI: 0.35, 0.76), neurological autoimmune diseases (OR: 0.32; 95% CI: 0.10, 0.83), and systemic autoimmune diseases (OR: 0.25; 95% CI: 0.04, 0.80), respectively, while Black individuals had increased odds of having systemic autoimmune diseases (OR: 1.45; 95% CI: 1.17, 1.81). Discussion The prevalence of autoimmune diseases varied among people with different primary psychotic disorders, and certain associations were modified by sex and race. Clinicians may consider additional screening for autoimmune diseases among individuals with psychosis.
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Feinstein, Anthony, George Du Boulay, and Maria A. Ron. "Psychotic Illness in Multiple Sclerosis." British Journal of Psychiatry 161, no. 5 (November 1992): 680–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.161.5.680.
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Ten patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) and psychosis were assessed using the Present State Examination, and matched retrospectively with respect to age, disability, duration of symptoms, and disease type with 10 MS patients without psychosis. Both groups underwent MRI of the brain. There was a trend for the psychotic group to have a higher total lesion score, particularly around the periventricular areas. This reached statistical significance in the areas around the temporal horn. In all cases, neurological symptoms preceded the onset of psychosis. The psychotic group also had a later age of onset of psychosis than psychotic patients without brain disease. These results point to an aetiological association between the pathological process of MS and psychosis.
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Connors, Michael H., Armando Teixeira-Pinto, and Clement T. Loy. "Psychosis and longitudinal outcomes in Huntington disease: the COHORT Study." Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry 91, no. 1 (October 13, 2019): 15–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jnnp-2019-320646.
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ObjectiveHuntington disease (HD) is an autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disease involving motor disturbances, cognitive decline and psychiatric symptoms. Psychotic symptoms occur in a significant proportion of patients. We sought to characterise the clinical outcomes of this group of patients.MethodsData were drawn from the Cooperative Huntington Observational Research Trial, a prospective, multi-centre observational study. 1082 patients with HD were recruited. Measures of cognition, function, behavioural disturbance and motor function were completed annually over 5 years.ResultsOverall, 190 patients (17.6%) displayed psychotic symptoms. These patients demonstrated worse cognition, function and behavioural disturbances than patients without psychosis over time. Patients with psychosis also demonstrated lower levels of chorea than patients without psychosis, despite adjusting for concurrent antipsychotic and tetrabenazine use.ConclusionsPsychosis in HD is associated with poorer outcomes in cognition, function and behavioural symptoms. Patients with psychotic symptoms may also have less chorea. Altogether, the findings suggest patients with psychosis have a distinct clinical course.
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Feinstein, Anthony, and Maria A. Ron. "Psychosis associated with demonstrable brain disease." Psychological Medicine 20, no. 4 (November 1990): 793–803. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291700036485.
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SynopsisSixty-five psychotic patients with unequivocal evidence of brain pathology and a variety of neurological disorders were assessed with respect to phenomenology and outcome. No relationship was found between site of brain pathology and type of psychotic disorder. A majority of patients had a syndrome indistinguishable from schizophrenia without coarse brain involvement and shared similar variables predicting outcome of psychosis, thus raising important issues concerning their nosological status.
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Fontaine, A., and G. Radu. "New Insights in the Pharmacotherapy of Psychosis: The Example of Parkinson's Disease Psychosis." European Psychiatry 41, S1 (April 2017): S650. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.01.1083.
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IntroductionWith 10 million of patients across the world, Parkinson's disease is the second most common form of neurodegeneration, after Alzheimer's. Among half of patients develop psychotic symptoms, such as visual hallucinations and delusions, which are correlated with higher rate of placement in nursing home, are difficult to treat and severely affect quality of life, making Parkinson's disease psychosis (PDP) a major public health issue.ObjectivesThe aim of this study is to identify treatment options that could be used to treat PDP and clarify underlying pathophysiology.MethodWe conducted a literature review on Pubmed, Goggle scholar and Cochrane library, using a combination of the following: “Parkinson's disease Psychosis” “visual hallucinations” “Pimavanserin” “Clozapine” “atypical anti-psychotics” 120 articles were screened.ResultsConsidering that hallucinations arise from overactivation of dopaminergic receptors, treatment options include reducing the dopaminergic drugs used to control motor symptoms; using atypical anti-psychotics such as Risperidone, Olanzapine, Quetiapine, which often results in the worsening of extra-pyramidal symptoms. Another option is the use of low doses of Clozapine, which has been proven efficient with no worsening of non-motor symptoms, suggesting the implication of other pathways, such as serotonin. Finally, Pimavanserin, a 5-HT2A receptor inverse agonist, without any dopaminergic activity, has been demonstrated to be effective in the treatment of PDP, well tolerated and easy to use.ConclusionSerotonin inverse agonists represent a major breakthrough in the pharmacotherapy of PDP, and may lead the way to changes in the treatment of schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
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Hernández Sánchez, J. M., M. Á. Canseco Navarro, M. Machado Vera, C. Garay Bravo, and D. Peña Serrano. "Late Onset Psychosis. Review." European Psychiatry 33, S1 (March 2016): S530. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.01.1962.
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IntroductionSeveral risk factors make older adults more prone to psychosis. The persistent growth in the elderly population makes important the necessity of accurate diagnosis of psychosis, since this population has special features especially regarding to the pharmacotherapy and side effects.ObjectivesTo review the medical literature related to late-life psychosis.MethodsMedline search and ulterior review of the related literature.ResultsReinhard et al. [1] highlight the fact that up to 60% of patients with late onset psychosis have a secondary psychosis, including: metabolic (electrolite abnormalities, vitamines defficiency…); infections (meningitides, encephalitides…); neurological (dementia, epilepsy…); endocrine (hypoglycemia…); and intoxication. Colijn et al. [2] describe the epidemiological and clinical features of the following disorders: schizophrenia (0.3% lifetime prevalence > 65 years); delusional disorder (0.18% lifetime prevalence); psychotic depression (0.35% lifetime prevalence); schizoaffective disorder (0.32% lifetime prevalence); Alzheimer disease (41.1% prevalence of psychotic symptoms); Parkinson's disease (43% prevalence of psychotic symptoms); Parkinson's disease dementia (89% prevalence of visual hallucinations); Lewy body dementia (up to 78% prevalence of hallucinations) and vascular dementia (variable estimates of psychotic symptoms). Recommendations for treatment include risperidone, olanzapine, quetiapine, aripiprazole, clozapine, donepezil and rivastigmine.ConclusionsDifferential diagnosis is tremendously important in elderly people, as late-life psychosis can be a manifestation of organic disturbances. Mental disorders such as schizophrenia or psychotic depression may have different manifestations in comparison with early onset psychosis.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
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Friedman, Joseph H. "Atypical Antipsychotic Drugs in the Treatment of Parkinson’s Disease." Journal of Pharmacy Practice 24, no. 6 (November 17, 2011): 534–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0897190011426556.
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Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients often develop psychotic symptoms that severely affect quality of life and limit the use of medications to ameliorate motor symptoms. Psychotic symptoms are a major cause for nursing home placement. While these symptoms do not always require treatment, they often do but antipsychotic drugs all share the common pharmacological mechanism of blocking dopamine D2 receptors which may worsen motor problems in this very vulnerable population. Double blind, placebo controlled trials (DBPCT) have shown that clozapine is effective at controlling the psychotic symptoms at doses far below those used in schizophrenia, without worsening motor function, even improving tremor. DBPCT have demonstrated that olanzapine worsens motor function without improving psychosis. Quetiapine has been shown in DBPCT to be free of motor side effects in PD patients but not effective, whereas many open label studies have indicated that quetiapine is effective. The other atypical have been the subjects of conflicting open label reports. The effects of the atypicals in PD psychosis is reviewed.
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Mellers, John D. C., Niall P. Quinn, and Maria A. Ron. "Psychotic and Depressive Symptoms in Parkinson's Disease a Study of the Growth Hormone Response to Apomorphine." British Journal of Psychiatry 167, no. 4 (October 1995): 522–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.167.4.522.
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BackgroundThe growth hormone (GH) response to apomorphine, thought to reflect central dopaminergic receptor sensitivity, has been reported as enhanced in acute schizophrenia. We investigated this response in relation to the psychotic episodes associated with Parkinson's disease (PD).MethodThe GH response to apomorphine was measured in three groups of patients with Parkinson's disease: those currently psychotic (n = 9), those with a past history of psychosis (n = 7) and those who had never been psychotic (n = 8).ResultsApomorphine-induced GH response was not related to psychosis but was unexpectedly associated with measures of depression.ConclusionsVisual hallucinations were a prominent feature in the psychotic patients and the atypical nature of these psychoses might explain why we found no evidence of dopaminergic sensitivity. Serotonergic dysfunction would be in keeping with this. Dopaminergic mechanisms may contribute to the minor depressive symptomatology seen in PD.
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Ferreira, M. D. C., S. Varanda, G. Carneiro, B. Santos, and Á. Machado. "Parkinson disease psychosis – A case report." European Psychiatry 33, S1 (March 2016): S147. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.01.258.
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IntroductionPsychosis is one of the most prevalent non-motor complications in Parkinson's disease (PD). Risk factors for PD psychosis are advancing age, longer disease duration, severe motor symptoms, presence of dementia, sleep disorders, depression and autonomic dysfunction. Treatment is challenging in this setting because antipsychotic medications are known to worse motor symptoms.ObjectivesTo highlight the therapeutic difficulties in PD-related psychosis.MethodsCase description and literature review.ResultsWe report a case of a 74-year-old woman with a 9-year history of PD, who presented a complex psychotic disorder consisting in auditory, olfactory and visual (gulliverian and lilliputian) hallucinations, persecutory and sexual delusions. Additionally, the patient presented euthymic mood, without evidence of cognitive impairment or impulse-control disorder. These symptoms began after dopamine agonist therapy (ropinirole 4 mg/day). Other medical conditions that could justify these symptoms were excluded. Initially, ropinirole was removed, but without psychotic remission. Then, she was treated with antipsychotic medication (clozapine 25 mg/day) with full psychotic remission and without significant worsening of motor symptoms.ConclusionsClozapine treatment is frequently delayed, mainly for fear of its side effects, particularly agranulocytosis. However, this antipsychotic drug presents many benefits regarding the management of PD-related psychosis, namely few motor effects and even improvement of motor fluctuations.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
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Barrett, Matthew J., Jamie C. Blair, Scott A. Sperling, Mark E. Smolkin, and T. Jason Druzgal. "Baseline symptoms and basal forebrain volume predict future psychosis in early Parkinson disease." Neurology 90, no. 18 (April 4, 2018): e1618-e1626. http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/wnl.0000000000005421.
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ObjectiveDetermining baseline predictors of future psychosis in Parkinson disease (PD) may identify those at risk for more rapidly progressive disease, i.e., a more malignant PD subtype.MethodsThis cohort study evaluated 423 patients with newly diagnosed PD collected as part of the Parkinson's Progression Markers Initiative. Psychotic symptoms were assessed with the Movement Disorders Society–Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale item 1.2, which assesses hallucinations and psychosis over the past week. At baseline, participants completed the Scales for Outcomes in Parkinson's Disease–Autonomic, the REM Sleep Behavior Disorder (RBD) Screening Questionnaire, and the Epworth Sleepiness Scale. Cholinergic nucleus 4 (Ch4) density was calculated for 228 participants with PD and 101 healthy controls.ResultsMultivariate logistic regression adjusted for age and sex found that greater autonomic symptoms (p = 0.002), RBD (p = 0.021), and excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) (p = 0.003) at baseline were associated with increased risk of reporting psychotic symptoms on ≥2 occasions. Having 2 or 3 of these baseline symptoms was associated with lower Ch4 density (p = 0.007). In a logistic regression model adjusted for age and sex, higher Ch4 gray matter density was associated with lower risk of reporting psychotic symptoms on ≥2 occasions (odds ratio 0.96 [for an increase in density of 1 unit], p = 0.03).ConclusionsThis study confirms that RBD, EDS, and greater autonomic symptom burden are associated with greater risk of future psychotic symptoms in PD. Reduced Ch4 density at baseline is associated with future psychotic symptoms and a greater burden of RBD, EDS, and autonomic symptoms.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Psychotic disease"
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Gardin, Tova. "Hippocampal Subfield Alterations Across the Psychotic Disease Spectrum." Thesis, Harvard University, 2017. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:32676134.
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Psychiatry stands at a pivotal point of development. With the advent of brain imaging modalities, descriptive diagnostic criteria have been called into question. Psychotic disorders, historically dichotomized into “schizophrenia” and “bipolar disorder,” and the intermediate “schizoaffective disorder,” have been shown to overlap in clinical symptomatology, familial inheritance, and genetic association studies. Scientific investigation of disease pathogenesis provides an opportunity to develop biological diagnostic criteria from the ground upwards – correlating anatomy, pathophysiology, genetics, and symptomatology. In this context, structural MRI studies have the capacity to shed light on structural abnormalities underlying psychotic disorders (schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, and psychotic bipolar disorder) and contribute to the development of a comprehensive mechanistic model of disease. Neuropathological and in vivo neuroimaging studies have identified the temporal lobe as a key area of alteration in schizophrenia, but large-scale studies examining the hippocampal volumes of patients across the psychotic spectrum have not yet been performed. Further, until recently, the manual labor and error involved in parcellating hippocampal subfield volumes made the task unfeasible. New automatic parcellation techniques enable the analysis of hippocampal subfield volumes among patients with schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, and bipolar disorder.
The objectives of our study were to: (1) investigate using magnetic resonance imaging hippocampal volume in addition to entorhinal cortex volume, parahippocampal gyrus volume, and hippocampal subfield volumes in patients with schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, and bipolar disorder; and, to (2) correlate volumetric alterations with clinical metrics of psychosis and cognition. We utilized a case-control cross- sectional design to collect data from patients with schizophrenia (n=219), patients with schizoaffective disorder (n=142), patients with psychotic bipolar disorder (n=188), and healthy controls (n=337). Freesurfer image analysis software was utilized to automatically parcellate and quantify hippocampal, hippocampal subfield, entorhinal cortex, and parahippocampal gyrus volumes. Clinical ratings and neuropsychological tests were administered as well to assess positive symptoms and cognition. Bilateral hippocampal volume alterations were noted among patients with all three psychotic disorders, while alterations in the surrounding medial temporal lobe regions were noted only in schizoaffective disorder and schizophrenia, but not in patients with bipolar disorder. While widespread hippocampal subfield volume alterations were noted in schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder, only the cornu ammonis 2/3, dentate gyrus, and subicular regions were noted to be altered across all three psychotic disorders. The most prominent alterations were noted in the cornu ammonis 2/3. Hippocampal volumes were negatively correlated with psychosis and positively correlated with measures of declarative memory. Findings suggest that alterations in the hippocampus are present across psychotic disorders and may contribute to the pathogenesis of psychosis. In particular, alterations in the cornu ammonis, an area which supports memory pattern completion, and in the dentate gyrus, an area which supports memory separation may play a role in the pathophysiology of psychosis.
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Venneri, Annalena. "A study of psychotic symptoms in Alzheimer's disease : a cognitive and neuroimaging approach." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1999. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk/R?func=search-advanced-go&find_code1=WSN&request1=AAIU116371.
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Delusions in AD have been poorly investigated and research focusing on identifying the neurobiological substrates of delusions in degenerative dementia has shown lack of consistent findings among studies. By using a cognitive and neuroimaging approach, we studied content specific delusions in AD with the aim to identify their neurological and cognitive correlates. Our data indicate that delusions in AD may be associated with areas of hypoperfusion in the right anterior hemisphere. Further, by selecting AD patients presenting delusions of similar content we have demonstrated that the locus of the brain dysfunction is crucial in determining the content of the delusion. Different delusions result from discrete foci of dysfunction within the right hemisphere. A substantial part of this project focused on a detailed study of a new form of delusion that we have termed autobiographical delusions. Findings showed that this form of delusion results from discrete dysfunction in the right frontal lobe. The patients with autobiographical delusions appear to share also a similar neuropsychological profile. When compared with patients not showing delusions, a difference in performance was detected in episodic memory and executive function tests.
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Clark-Papasavas, Chloe Melissa. "Characterising the neuropsychological profile of psychotic symptoms in Alzheimer's disease and imaging D2/3 receptor occupancy during treatment." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2014. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/characterising-the-neuropsychological-profile-of-psychotic-symptoms-in-alzheimers-disease-and-imaging-d23-receptor-occupancy-during-treatment(e96bd2b4-7a12-4f4a-923a-637d857bbc2d).html.
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Background: Psychotic symptoms occur in approximately 40% of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and have been linked with striatal dopamine (D2/3) receptor function. The first component of the thesis aims to investigate the neuropsychological profile accompanying psychotic symptoms in AD, and establish whether cognitive and motor tasks which have a documented association with dopaminergic function might be markers of psychotic symptoms and delusional subtypes in AD. Dopamine D2/3 receptor occupancy studies have been instrumental in guiding antipsychotic prescribing in schizophrenia. The second part of the thesis aims to adapt [18F]fallypride imaging for use in healthy older people and in dopamine (D2/3) receptor occupancy studies in AD. Methods: Neuropsychology: 70 AD subjects aged between 65 and 95 years were categorised into psychotic (n=34) and non-psychotic (n=36) groups, based on carer-rated scales, and then compared using a hypothesis-driven test battery. Imaging: Eight healthy older (>65 years) adults were scanned twice, 4-6 weeks apart. [18F]fallypride binding potential (BPND) was determined and test-retest variability and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) values were calculated. A further six subjects with AD were recruited prior to commencing amisulpride treatment. [18F]fallypride BPND pre/post 2-8 weeks of amisulpride treatment and D2/3 occupancy was measured. Results: Neuropsychology: Subjects with psychotic symptoms, in particular misidentification phenomena, had significantly poorer sustained attentional and visuoperceptual function. Imaging: The adapted [18F]fallypride scanning protocol showed high reproducibility and reliability in all but the prefrontal regions and was generally well tolerated in AD subjects. Conclusion: Neuropsychology: Sustained attention deficits may act as a marker of psychotic symptoms in AD due to associations with dopaminergic function in the associative striatum. Visuoperceptual deficits may indicate additional pathology in the ventral visual stream, which could characterize the misidentification subgroup. Imaging: The feasibility of an adapted scanning protocol was demonstrated in AD subjects and represents the first step towards defining a 'therapeutic window' of D2/3 occupancy to guide antipsychotic prescribing in AD.
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Svensk, Ludvig, and Johanna Jakobson. "Metabolt syndrom vid psykos : en litteraturstudie om åtgärder mot metabolt syndrom vid psykossjukdom." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för medicin och hälsa, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-144843.
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Bakgrund: Patienter med psykossjukdom lider ofta av somatisk ohälsa som uttrycker sig i metabolt syndrom. Dåliga levnadsvanor som till exempel dålig kosthållning, inaktivitet, droger etcetera, samt den nödvändiga läkemedelsbehandling är faktorer som bidrar till utvecklandet av metabolt syndrom. Dessa faktorer leder till att denna patientgrupp riskerar att dö upp till 25 år tidigare än den övriga populationen. Syfte: Syftet med studien var att belysa preventiva och lindrande omvårdnadsinterventioner mot metabolt syndrom hos personer som behandlas för psykossjukdomar. Metod: Studien är utformad och genomförd som en allmän litteraturstudie med systematisk ansats. Databassökningen utfördes i Cinahl, Pubmed, Scopus, Psycinfo och Psycarticle. Artiklarna kvalitetsgranskades utifrån Linköpings universitets granskningsmallar och kvalitetsbedömdes utifrån författarnas kvalitetskrav. Resultat: Resultatet bildade tre kategorier; Levnadsvanor, Socialt stöd och Prevention, vilka står i beroende till varandra. Patienternas levnadsvanor är det huvudsakliga fyndet för att lindra och förhindra metabolt syndrom, men för att kunna genomföra livsstilsinterventioner hos patienter med psykos behövs socialt stöd och information. Dessa faktorer utgör även grunden för det preventiva arbetet för att förhindra metabolt syndrom innan det utvecklats. Konklusion: Sammanfattningsvis kan sägas att de preventiva och lindrande åtgärderna mot metabolt syndrom för personer som behandlas för psykossjukdom är att stödja och uppmuntra patienten till en hälsosammare livsstil, innefattande ökad fysisk aktivitet och förbättrad kosthållning. Det åligger även sjuksköterskans arbetsuppgift att individanpassa vården och skapa en personcentrerad vård, skräddarsydd för den enskilde patientens förmågor och behov. Nyckelord: Psykossjukdom, Metabolt syndrom, Omvårdnad, Sjuksköterska.Background: Patient with psychosis often suffer from somatic illness that is expressed as metabolic syndrome. Bad living habits such as bad diet, inactivity, drugs etcetera is factors that contribute to the development of metabolic syndrome. Also, the necessary drug treatment is important for the development of metabolic syndrome. These factors sets the patient group in a risk to die up to 25 years earlier than the average population. Aim: The purpose of the study was to highlight preventive and mitigating nursing interventions against metabolic syndrome in people treated for psychiatric diseases. Method: This study was designed and implemented as a general literature study with a systematic approach. The database research was performed in Cinahl, Pubmed, Scopus, Psycinfo and Psycarticle. The articles was quality-reviewed by Linköpings University’s review-templates and was quality assessed by the authors quality requirement. Result: The result formed three categories; Lifestyles, Social support and Prevention, which depend on each other. Patients' living habits are the main finding for relieving and preventing metabolic syndrome, but in order to be able to implement lifestyle interventions in patients with psychosis, social support and information are needed. These factors also form the basis for preventive work to prevent metabolic syndrome before it develops. Conclusion: In summary, it can be said that the preventative and alleviate measures against metabolic syndrome for people treated for psychiatric disease are to support and encourage the patient to a healthier lifestyle, including increased physical activity and improved diet. It is also the duty of the nurse to personalize care and create a person-centered care tailored to the individual's abilities and needs. Keywords: Psychotic Disease, Metabolic Syndrome, Nursing, Nurse.
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McCurdy, Richard D., and n/a. "Investigations of Olfactory Mucosa to Test the Neurodevelopmental Nature of Psychoses." Griffith University. School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, 2005. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20051121.133824.
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Evidence from various sources suggests that schizophrenia may result from altered brain development. The adult olfactory epithelium provides an available 'window' on neuronal development because new neurons are formed there throughout life. This thesis set out to test the neurodevelopmental hypothesis of psychotic disease. Two cell-based models, skin fibroblast and olfactory mucosa culture, were employed to investigate this hypothesis. In order to first demonstrate the utility of olfactory mucosa culture as a model of neurodevelopment, and to allow the candidate to gain proficiency in the culture of this tissue, an investigation of the mitogenic and differentiating properties of insulin-like growth factor-I within this system was undertaken. Insulin-like growth factor-I has multiple effects within the developing nervous system but its role in neurogenesis in the adult nervous system is less clear. The adult olfactory mucosa is a site of continuing neurogenesis that expresses insulin-like growth factor-I, its receptor, and its binding proteins. The action of insulin-like growth factor-I was assayed in several serum-free culture systems combined with bromodeoxyuridine labelling of proliferating cells and immunochemistry for specific cell types. Once proficiency in olfactory mucosa culture was gained, this model was applied to biopsied olfactory mucosa from schizophrenia and bipolar disorder patients in order to test the developmental parameters of adhesion, cell proliferation, and cell death in a neural tissue. It was previously shown that olfactory cultures from individuals with schizophrenia had increased cell proliferation and attached less frequently than cultures from healthy controls suggesting disrupted neurogenesis. An aim of this study was to replicate those observations in individuals with schizophrenia and and extend them to individuals with bipolar disorder. After completion of the cell and tissue culture assays, microarray analysis of these cell-based models was used to reveal gene expression differences present between patients and healthy controls. Microarray analysis is a complicated technique and the limited amounts of RNA that can be extracted from a single nasal biopsy further compounds this issue. In order to obtain enough material for microarray hybridization RNA samples underwent antisense amplification. Therefore, with the aim of allowing the candidate to gain proficiency in both these techniques prior to microarray analysis of olfactory biopsies from patients with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, a pilot microarray study of cultured skin fibroblasts from schizophrenia patients and healthy controls was performed. The present findings show that insulin-like growth factor-I and its receptor were expressed by globose basal cells (the neuronal precursor), by neurons and by olfactory ensheathing cells, the special glia of the olfactory nerve. Insulin-like growth factor-I reduced the numbers of proliferating neuronal precursors, induced their differentiation into neurons, and promoted morphological differentiation of neurons. In contrast, this growth factor was mitogenic for olfactory ensheathing cells. The evidence suggests that insulin-like growth factor-I is an autocrine/paracrine signal that induces neuronal precursors to differentiate into olfactory sensory neurons and induces olfactory ensheathing cells to proliferate and that olfactory mucosa culture is valuable in modelling neurodevelopmental processes. When the olfactory musoca culture model was applied to patients with psychosis, a two-fold increase in proliferation of neural cells was found in schizophrenia compared to controls and bipolars. In bipolar cultures there was a 3-fold increase in cell death compared to controls and schizophrenia. Microarray analysis of cultured skin fibroblasts revealed differential expression of over 1000 genes between patients and controls. Inspection of the significant data showed alterations to gene expression between groups in the cell cycle, oxidative phosphorylation, TCA cycle and oxidative stress pathways. Gene expression in each of these pathways was predominately decreased in schizophrenia. Quantitative PCR analysis of selected differentially expressed genes involved with cell cycle regulation validated the increased expression of vitamin D receptor, and decreased expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen and DEAD (Asp-GIu-Ala-Asp) box polypeptide 5 in skin fibroblasts from patients with schizophrenia. Microarray analysis of biopsied olfactory mucosa showed 146 and 139 differentially expressed genes in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder respectively, compared to controls. Consistent with increased mitosis in schizophrenia biopsy cultures three genes that function to positively influence cell cycle had increased expression. In the bipolar disorder group a dysregulation of the phosphatidylinositolsignalling pathway was seen; five genes that either directly function within or interact with this pathway had decreased expression. There is speculation that the therapeutic effect of psychotropic drugs acting upon this pathway in bipolar disorder involves reduction of neuronal cell death. Increased mitosis of neural cells has now been observed in two separate groups of schizophrenic patients indicating a robust finding. The use of fibroblast and olfactory mucosal tissue can be used to study biological and genetic aspects of neurodevelopment in living humans both with and without psychotic disease. Biopsied olfactory mucosa provides benefits over the use of autopsied material for study of psychotic disease because post-mortem duration and agonal factors that lead to tissue, protein and nucleic acid degradation are not an issue. This study provides evidence for a neurodevelopmental aetiology of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder acting at the level of cell cycle control. Subtle changes in the timing of cell cycle regulation could account for the brain pathologies observed in these diseases. Olfactory mucosa culture is a valuable model of neurodevelopmental processes.
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McCurdy, Richard D. "Investigations of Olfactory Mucosa to Test the Neurodevelopmental Nature of Psychoses." Thesis, Griffith University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/366460.
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Evidence from various sources suggests that schizophrenia may result from altered brain development. The adult olfactory epithelium provides an available 'window' on neuronal development because new neurons are formed there throughout life. This thesis set out to test the neurodevelopmental hypothesis of psychotic disease. Two cell-based models, skin fibroblast and olfactory mucosa culture, were employed to investigate this hypothesis. In order to first demonstrate the utility of olfactory mucosa culture as a model of neurodevelopment, and to allow the candidate to gain proficiency in the culture of this tissue, an investigation of the mitogenic and differentiating properties of insulin-like growth factor-I within this system was undertaken. Insulin-like growth factor-I has multiple effects within the developing nervous system but its role in neurogenesis in the adult nervous system is less clear. The adult olfactory mucosa is a site of continuing neurogenesis that expresses insulin-like growth factor-I, its receptor, and its binding proteins. The action of insulin-like growth factor-I was assayed in several serum-free culture systems combined with bromodeoxyuridine labelling of proliferating cells and immunochemistry for specific cell types. Once proficiency in olfactory mucosa culture was gained, this model was applied to biopsied olfactory mucosa from schizophrenia and bipolar disorder patients in order to test the developmental parameters of adhesion, cell proliferation, and cell death in a neural tissue. It was previously shown that olfactory cultures from individuals with schizophrenia had increased cell proliferation and attached less frequently than cultures from healthy controls suggesting disrupted neurogenesis. An aim of this study was to replicate those observations in individuals with schizophrenia and and extend them to individuals with bipolar disorder. After completion of the cell and tissue culture assays, microarray analysis of these cell-based models was used to reveal gene expression differences present between patients and healthy controls. Microarray analysis is a complicated technique and the limited amounts of RNA that can be extracted from a single nasal biopsy further compounds this issue. In order to obtain enough material for microarray hybridization RNA samples underwent antisense amplification. Therefore, with the aim of allowing the candidate to gain proficiency in both these techniques prior to microarray analysis of olfactory biopsies from patients with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, a pilot microarray study of cultured skin fibroblasts from schizophrenia patients and healthy controls was performed. The present findings show that insulin-like growth factor-I and its receptor were expressed by globose basal cells (the neuronal precursor), by neurons and by olfactory ensheathing cells, the special glia of the olfactory nerve. Insulin-like growth factor-I reduced the numbers of proliferating neuronal precursors, induced their differentiation into neurons, and promoted morphological differentiation of neurons. In contrast, this growth factor was mitogenic for olfactory ensheathing cells. The evidence suggests that insulin-like growth factor-I is an autocrine/paracrine signal that induces neuronal precursors to differentiate into olfactory sensory neurons and induces olfactory ensheathing cells to proliferate and that olfactory mucosa culture is valuable in modelling neurodevelopmental processes. When the olfactory musoca culture model was applied to patients with psychosis, a two-fold increase in proliferation of neural cells was found in schizophrenia compared to controls and bipolars. In bipolar cultures there was a 3-fold increase in cell death compared to controls and schizophrenia. Microarray analysis of cultured skin fibroblasts revealed differential expression of over 1000 genes between patients and controls. Inspection of the significant data showed alterations to gene expression between groups in the cell cycle, oxidative phosphorylation, TCA cycle and oxidative stress pathways. Gene expression in each of these pathways was predominately decreased in schizophrenia. Quantitative PCR analysis of selected differentially expressed genes involved with cell cycle regulation validated the increased expression of vitamin D receptor, and decreased expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen and DEAD (Asp-GIu-Ala-Asp) box polypeptide 5 in skin fibroblasts from patients with schizophrenia. Microarray analysis of biopsied olfactory mucosa showed 146 and 139 differentially expressed genes in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder respectively, compared to controls. Consistent with increased mitosis in schizophrenia biopsy cultures three genes that function to positively influence cell cycle had increased expression. In the bipolar disorder group a dysregulation of the phosphatidylinositolsignalling pathway was seen; five genes that either directly function within or interact with this pathway had decreased expression. There is speculation that the therapeutic effect of psychotropic drugs acting upon this pathway in bipolar disorder involves reduction of neuronal cell death. Increased mitosis of neural cells has now been observed in two separate groups of schizophrenic patients indicating a robust finding. The use of fibroblast and olfactory mucosal tissue can be used to study biological and genetic aspects of neurodevelopment in living humans both with and without psychotic disease. Biopsied olfactory mucosa provides benefits over the use of autopsied material for study of psychotic disease because post-mortem duration and agonal factors that lead to tissue, protein and nucleic acid degradation are not an issue. This study provides evidence for a neurodevelopmental aetiology of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder acting at the level of cell cycle control. Subtle changes in the timing of cell cycle regulation could account for the brain pathologies observed in these diseases. Olfactory mucosa culture is a valuable model of neurodevelopmental processes.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Sciences
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Dickson, Marguerite Mulryan. "Genetic and psychiatric treatment related risk factors for type 2 diabetes in schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder patients." Thesis, Birmingham, Ala. : University of Alabama at Birmingham, 2008. https://www.mhsl.uab.edu/dt/2009r/dickson.pdf.
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Eriksson, Tobias. "Stödet jag behöver : Vad patienter med psykossjukdom i psykiatrisk öppenvård önskar för stöd av sjuksköterskan i sin återhämtning." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för hälsa, vård och välfärd, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-39246.
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Background: There is earlier research in the field of recovery and from a patient perspective. However, it is relatively unexplored if you look within the specific group of patients who suffers from a psychotic disease, and in a context of what support the patient desire from the nurse in the open psychiatric care unit. Aim: To describe what type of support patient with psychotic disease would like from the nurse, in the open psychiatric care unit. Method: The study´s methodology is qualitative and inductive. The study is built on five interviews from patients in a psychiatric open care unit who suffers from psychotic diseases. The interviews have been analysed based on qualitative content analysis. Result: The result indicates that the patients express a desire that the nurse supports them in four areas to focus on health, to get support with its problems, to be able to tell and someone listens and through time given, be able to get to know the nurse, which is the foundation of comfort and stability. Conclusion: The result responds to the purpose of the study, and the result also reveals that it's a difference in what support´s requested between de two groups of patients, one with the severe mental illness and the other who´s studied -patients who suffers from psychotic disease. The conclusion is made by compare the earlier research with the result from this study.Bakgrund: Det finns tidigare forskning inom området återhämtning och ur ett patientperspektiv. Det är däremot relativt outforskat om fokus riktas mot gruppen psykossjuka och i en kontext av vad de önskar för stöd av just sjuksköterskan inom ramen för den öppna psykiatrin. Syfte: Att beskriva vad patienter med psykossjukdom i den psykiatriska öppenvården önskar för stöd av sjuksköterskan i sin återhämtning. Metod: Studie bygger på fem intervjuade patienter som har kontakt med ett psykiatriskt öppenvårdsteam specialiserat på psykossjukdomar. Studien genomfördes med en induktiv ansats. Insamlade data analyserades utifrån kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Resultat: Det framkommer att patienterna uttrycker en önskan om att sjuksköterskan ger stöd inom fyra huvudområden; att ha fokus på det friska, att få stöd med sina problem, att få berätta för någon som vill lyssna och att få tid att lära känna sjuksköterskan är grunden till en trygg och god relation. Slutsatser: Resultatet svarar på studiens syfte, utifrån resultatet i förhållande till tidigare forskning kan också slutsatsen dras att det är skillnad i vilket stöd som efterfrågas mellan gruppen ”svårt psykiskt sjuka”, som bakgrunden i huvudsak utgörs av, mot gruppen av psykossjuka personer.
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Benjamin, Boben. "Metabolic syndrome and psychosis in Alzheimer's disease." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2014. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/metabolic-syndrome-and-psychosis-in-alzheimers-disease(eedebc61-9cbb-4d8d-9e60-a025f054278a).html.
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The metabolic syndrome is a constellation of vascular risk factors including abdominal obesity, hypertension, diabetes, hypertriglyceridaemia and low high density lipoprotein cholesterol. The aim of the study was to explore the link between the metabolic syndrome and its components, and psychosis in Alzheimer’s disease. The participants were selected from the Human Serum Metabolome Project. 246 participants with Alzheimer’s disease were assessed at baseline and 151 were followed up a year later. The neuropsychiatric inventory was used to capture information about psychiatric symptoms including delusions and hallucinations. The vascular risk factors were determined from the history from the participant and carer; abdominal obesity however was measured during the study. Hypertriglyceridaemia and high density lipoprotein cholesterol data were unavailable and so the study focuses on the link between the metabolic syndrome components of obesity, hypertension and diabetes, and psychosis in Alzheimer’s disease. Although not part of the metabolic syndrome criteria, a history of hypercholesterolaemia was used in conjunction with the available metabolic syndrome components and the link between the resulting vascular syndrome and psychosis in Alzheimer’s disease was studied. Two measure of psychosis were used for the research. First of all, a factor representing psychosis was derived by factor analysis of the neuropsychiatric inventory data. Secondly, a direct measure of psychosis using the delusions and hallucinations items from the neuropsychiatric inventory was used. Cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses were conducted. The majority of the analyses conducted failed to find a significant link between the measures. Male sex, a lower Mini Mental State Examination score as well as the use of antipsychotics and memantine were found to be significantly associated with psychosis at baseline. Overall this study does not support the link between the metabolic syndrome or its components and psychosis in Alzheimer’s disease. Future research looking at subsets of Alzheimer’s patients with more clearly defined lipid triglyceride and high density lipoprotein cholesterol data will be useful.
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Baum, Matthew L. "Ethical issues in the bioprediction of brain-based disorder." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:9978211b-5b61-4dba-bbba-157239664b2c.
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The development of predictive biomarkers in neuroscience is increasingly enabling bioprediction of adverse behavioural events, from psychosis to impulsive violent reaction. Because many brain-based disorders can be thought of as end-states of a long development, bioprediction carries immense therapeutic potential. In this thesis, I analyse issues raised by the development of bioprediction of brain-based disorder. I argue that ethical analysis of probabilities and risk information bioprediction provides is confounded by philosophical and social structures that have, until recently, functioned nominally well by assuming categorical (binary) concepts of disorder, especially regarding brain-disorder. Through an analysis of the philosophical concept of disorder, I argue that we can and ought to reorient disorder around probability of future harm and stratify disorder based on the magnitude of risk. Rejection of binary concepts in favour of this non-binary (probability-based) one enables synergy with bioprediction and circumnavigation of ethical concerns raised about proposed disorders of risk in psychiatry and neurology; I specifically consider psychosis and dementia risk. I then show how probabilistic thinking enables consideration of the implications of bioprediction for two areas salient in mental health: moral responsibility and justice. Using the example of epilepsy and driving as a model of obligations to protect others against risk of harm, I discuss how the development of bioprediction is poised to enhance moral responsibility. I then engage with legal cases and science surrounding a predictive biomarker of impulsive violent reaction to propose that bioprediction can sometimes rightly diminish responsibility. Finally, I show the relevance of bioprediction to theories of distributive justice that assign priority to the worse off. Because bioprediction enables the identification of those who are worse off in a way of which we have previously been ignorant, a commitment to assign priority to the worse off requires development of and equal access to biopredictive technologies.
Books on the topic "Psychotic disease"
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Mania and depression: A classification of syndrome and disease. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1991.
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Vulnerability to psychosis: From neurosciences to psychopathology. Hove, East Sussex: Psychology Press, 2012.
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Impasse and interpretation: Therapeutic and anti-therapeutic factors in the psychoanalytic treatment of psychotic, borderline and neurotic patients. London: Routledge, 1990.
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Rosenfeld, Herbert A. Impasse and interpretation: Therapeutic and anti-therapeutic factors in the psychoanalytic treatment of psychotic, borderline and neurotic patients. London: Tavistock, 1987.
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Metzl, Jonathan. The protest psychosis: How schizophrenia became a black disease. Boston: Beacon Press, 2010.
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1961-, Fujii Daryl, and Ahmed Iqbal 1951-, eds. The spectrum of psychotic disorders: Neurobiology, etiology, and pathogenesis. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2007.
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Tesla, Paul Gabriel. Crime and mental disease in the hand: A proven guide for the identification and pre-identification of criminality, psychosis, and mental defectiveness. Lakeland, FL: Osiris Press, 1991.
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Thomas, Jobe, Gaviria Moises, and Kovilparambil Antony, eds. Clinical neuropsychiatry. Malden, Mass., USA: Blackwell Science, 1997.
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B, Joseph Anthony, and Young Robert R. 1934-, eds. Movement disorders in neurology and neuropsychiatry. 2nd ed. Malden, MA: Blackwell Science, 1999.
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B, Joseph Anthony, and Young Robert R. 1934-, eds. Movement disorders in neurology and neuropsychiatry. Boston: Blackwell Scientific Publications, 1992.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Psychotic disease"
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Carpenter, W. T., R. W. Buchanan, and B. Kirkpatrick. "Schizophrenia: Disease Entity, Disease Entities, or Domains of Psychopathology." In Psychotic Continuum, 137–49. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-79485-8_11.
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Crow, T. J. "Psychotic Continuum or Disease Entities? The Critical Impact of Nosology on the Problem of Aetiology." In Psychotic Continuum, 151–63. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-79485-8_12.
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Haggarty, Stephen J., Karun Singh, Roy H. Perlis, and Rakesh Karmacharya. "Wnt Signaling in Mood and Psychotic Disorders." In Wnt Signaling in Development and Disease, 379–91. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118444122.ch29.
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Aziz, Md Abdul, Tahmina Akter, Md Abdul Barek, and Mohammad Safiqul Islam. "Genetic Basis of Psychotic Illnesses: A Comprehensive Overview." In Autism Spectrum Disorder and Alzheimer's Disease, 153–64. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-4558-7_9.
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Onofrj, Marco, Astrid Thomas, Laura Bonanni, Massimo di Giannantonio, Francesco Gambi, and Gianna Sepede. "Somatoform Disorders in Parkinson’s Disease and Dementia with Lewy Bodies Evidence Underlying Psychotic Traits." In Psychiatry of Parkinson's Disease, 125–32. Basel: KARGER, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000331658.
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Fulford, K. William M. "Thought Insertion and Insight: Disease and Illness Paradigms of Psychotic Disorder." In Phenomenology, Language & Schizophrenia, 355–71. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-9329-0_23.
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Das, Partha Pratim, S. K. Batin Rahaman, Adil Shaharyar, Rudranil Bhowmik, Avishek Mandal, and Sanmoy Karmakar. "Plant-Derived Anti-Psychotic Drugs: An Insight into Receptor and Phytoconstituent Interaction." In Bioactive-Loaded Nanomedicine for the Management of Health and Disease, 111–37. New York: Apple Academic Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003277101-8.
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Theodoridou, A., and W. Rössler. "Disease Burden and Disability-Adjusted Life Years Due to Schizophrenia and Psychotic Disorders." In Handbook of Disease Burdens and Quality of Life Measures, 1493–507. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-78665-0_87.
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Toriizuka, Kazuo, Yumiko Hori, Motonori Fukumura, Susumu Isoda, Yasuaki Hirai, and Yoshiteru Ida. "Investigation of the anxiolytic effects of Kampo formulation, Kamishoyosan, used for treating menopausal psychotic syndromes in women." In Transmitters and Modulators in Health and Disease, 183–89. Tokyo: Springer Japan, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-99039-0_16.
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Molho, Eric S., and Stewart A. Factor. "Psychosis." In Parkinson’s Disease and Nonmotor Dysfunction, 63–90. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-60761-429-6_5.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Psychotic disease"
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Silva, Thais Ellen de Ramos, Diego Rodrigues Castelhano, Cintia Anchieta, and Bruna Kuhn de Freitas Silva. "Benefits of using cannabidiol in the treatment of dyskinesias in patients with Parkinson’s." In XIII Congresso Paulista de Neurologia. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/1516-3180.301.
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Introduction: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurological, chronic, and progressive disease that causes the death of brain cells, especially in the area responsible for the production of dopamine, which, among other functions, controls body movements. The first signs of PD are usually hand tremors, muscle stiffness, pain, dizziness, sleep disturbances, respiratory and urinary systems. In this context, cannabidiol (CBD) has been a source of research to improve institutional motor disorders. Objectives: Compile scientific evidence on the use of cannabidiol to improve dyskinesias in patients with Parkinson’s. Methodology: This is an integrative literature review, through the selection of scientific articles, available in the virtual databases: PubMed, Scielo, and Google academic, published between the years 2018 to 2021. Results: CBD has a positive effect, bradykinesia, tremors, stiffness and psychotic, mood and sleep disorders, quality of life, its adverse effects are observed with low frequency. In addition, there seems to be a beneficial drug interaction between CBD and levodopa (l-DOPA), the drug of choice for the treatment of this disease. The prolonged use of this drug causes a type of dyskinesia, known as DOPA- induced dyskinesias (LIDs). Thus, modulation of the endocannabinoid system through CBD presents itself as a possible promising therapy for the control of PD and LIDs. Conclusion: Studies induced expressive results regarding the use of CBD to treat PD. However, as there is still no consensus, specific studies are carried out to assess the safety of using CBD in patients with long-term PD and its possible beneficial interaction with antiparkinsonian drugs.
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Miclutia, Ioana Valentina, Laura Damian, and Ana Cristina Serban. "SEXUAL FUNCTIONING IN SCHIZOPHRENIC AND BIPOLAR FEMALE PATIENTS." In The European Conference of Psychiatry and Mental Health "Galatia". Archiv Euromedica, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.35630/2022/12/psy.ro.13.
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Introduction: The issue of sexuality is seldom investigated by psychiatrists in psychotic psychiatric patients, partly due to the frontline distressing psychiatric and behavioural symptoms but also due to hesitancy, haste, reluctance. Even though, the aspects of intimacy, sexual functioning are important and bothering, especially for young patients. These sexual impairments might be attributed to the disease itself but also to the medication. Material and Methods: Two separate studies aim to investigate sexual disorders in female inpatient patients diagnosed with schizophrenia and in different phases of bipolar disorder (depression, manic) in comparison to controls. Therefore, treatment emergent sexual side effects (UKU scale), their relation to psychopathology (PANSS, GAF), quality of life (WHO-QOL Bref), misbelieves (Sexual Dysfunctional beliefs Questionnaire) were explored in chronic female schizophrenic patients and compared to matched controls. For the bipolar group, the depressed, manic women and controls were assessed regarding frequency of sexual intercourse, fantasies, desire, and lubrication orgasm by the Sexual Disorders Interview, Female Sexual Index and psychopathology by BDI, respectively YMRS. Both studies were cross-sectional and collected various demographical and therapeutical data. Results: Schizophrenic patients rendered long histories of the disease and treatments, cumulating also disturbing side effects such as weight gain, amenorrhea, less marital and sexual partners. Low sexual interest, modest initiative, involvement, absent orgasm and sexual conservatorism were common and constant during exacerbations but also in chronicity being in connection rather to negative symptoms and modest functioning. Regarding bipolar women, sexual problems were detected in over 75% of the cases, with less implication and satisfaction during depression, pain, often blaming antidepressants as probable source of dissatisfaction. On the other hand, manic patients display more vivid sexual fantasies and interest, with higher arousal and lubrication, attending sexual satisfaction but being disturbed subjectively by some of these aspects. Although a wide range of sexual disorders might arise after treatment with antipsychotics, antidepressants, mood stabilizers, there could not be clearly ascertained a specific disorder. Discussions: Hyposexuality seems to be a hallmark of schizophrenics even in treatment naïve patients, being more obvious after treatment, in chronicity. The issue of sexuality in bipolar women is rather difficult to assess and compare partly to the heterogeneity of the disorder. Conclusions: Sexual disorders are a special and frequent issue in schizophrenia and bipolar women, displaying a wide range from low frequency, interest, dissatisfaction or even pain and a temporary phase limited exacerbation of sexuality during manic episodes.
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Oscoz Irurozqui, Maitane, Maria Guardiola-Ripoll, Carmen Almodóvar-Payá, Amalia Guerrero-Pedraza, Edith Pomarol-Clotet, and Mar Fatjó. "CNR2 GENE AND CANNABIS USE INTERPLAY MODULATES MANIPULATIVE ABILITIES IN FIRST-EPISODE OF PSYCHOSIS." In 23° Congreso de la Sociedad Española de Patología Dual (SEPD) 2021. SEPD, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.17579/sepd2021o003.
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1. Objectives: While endocannabinoid system seems to be involved in processes underlying psychosis, research about Cannabinoid Receptor 2 gene (CNR2) is scarce and inconclusive. Some few reports indicate that CNR2 plays a role in psychiatric conditions, including depression or drug addiction (Onaivi et al., 2009). We aimed to evaluate the role of CNR2 and its interplay with cannabis on cognition and clinical symptoms in patients with a first-episode of psychosis (FEP). 2. Materials and Methods: the sample comprised 50 Caucasian individuals with a FEP (mean age(sd)=26.14(6.55) years, 76% males, 58% cannabis users). There were no differences in age, sex, premorbid IQ and antipsychotic dose between cannabis users (CU) and non-users (CNU). Neuropsychological (premorbid IQ - TAP-E, current IQ - WAIS, memory - WMS, executive function - BADS) and clinical (psychotic symptoms - PANSS, general functioning - GAF) scales were administered. Genetic variability was assessed by genotyping one Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) in CNR2 gene (rs2501431) (qPCR, TaqMan). 3. Results and conclusions: genotypic frequencies did not differ between cannabis users and non-users. CNR2 was not associated with PANSS scores.; however, it showed a differential effect on the performance IQ (measured by the matrix reasoning test - WAIS), conditional to the cannabis use (beta=0.73, p=0.02),. In particular, cannabis non-users with the AA genotype (23.53%) showed higher scores (mean(sd)=10.25 (1.87)) than those with at least one copy of the G allele (76.47%, mean(sd)=6.05(0.99); while cannabis users showed scores in the opposite direction (AA (42.31%): 8.21(1.09) and GG/GA (57.69%): 10.28(0.92)). Our results align with previous studies reporting the association of the CNR2 gene with psychiatric diseases (Ishiguro et al. 2007; Onaivi et al., 2008) adding evidence on the interplay of this gene with cannabis use on cognitive outcomes in first-episode psychosis. However, evidence is still scant, and further investigation in larger samples is needed.
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Pâslaru, Ana Maria, Ana Maria Fătu, Alexandru Nechifor, Laura Florentina Rebegea, Diana Bulgaru Iliescu, and Anamaria Ciubara. "PSYCHO-ONCOLOGY. CASE PRESENTATION." In The European Conference of Psychiatry and Mental Health "Galatia". Archiv Euromedica, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.35630/2022/12/psy.ro.35.
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Increased survival of oncology patients brings to attention new aspects of adverse effects due to antineoplastic treatment. Psychiatric disorders, cardiovascular disorders as well as the progressive incidence of multiple primary neoplasia are some of the most common side effects. Aim: Care of the oncology patient undergoes an important period of change, from the management of tumor disease to the multidisciplinary approach, centered on improving the quality of life. Method: We present the case of a 75-year-old patient, whose personal pathological history reveals the presence of a diagnosis of left testicular seminoma, in 1978, for which he received radiochemical therapy. An oncological patient under long-term medical supervision for several decades is diagnosed in November 2017 with urothelial carcinoma, infiltrative, invasive in his own muscle patch, pT2NxMx. Approximately 40 years later, the second neoplastic site, the malignant bladder tumor, appears. Facing this diagnosis, the patient becomes anxious, anticipates catastrophic consequences, isolates himself. The family and friends support is essential in these moments, the patient tries cognitive-behavioral psychotherapy, as well as various relaxation techniques, which have positive results for the patient attitude towards the disease. He admits, to complete staging, to follow the recommendations of the oncologist, perform proton emission tomography, which detects the presence of two lesions on the right lung. In January 2018, the surgical intervention is done by straight thoracotomy, atypical upper lobe resection and inferior lobectomy is performed. The histopathological and immunohistochemical results describe the presence of the third primary adenocarcinoma neoplasia. The initial emotional reaction is one of anger, denial, followed by demoralization, easy crying, sadness. The patient is examined by the psychiatrist, thus receiving the diagnosis of a severe depressive episode without psychotic symptoms. He follows an anxiolytic, antidepressant, sedative treatment but continues also the cognitive-behavioral therapy. The patient shows good compliance with psychopharmacological treatment and accepts adjuvant chemotherapy courses, which are well tolerated. Throughout the antineoplastic therapy, there was a close collaboration between the psychiatrist and the oncologist, to avoid drug interactions that could have led to interruption of the treatment. Under the oncology supervision, the patient receives another bad news, in September 2018, the fourth neoplastic localization, the prostatic adenocarcinoma pT2bN0M0, is discovered. In this case, in the presence of the combination of synchronous and methacrone tumors, the patient's psyche is deeply affected, continuing the psychopharmacological treatment. Conclusions: Psychiatric disorders are common among oncological patients, and they may suffer serious impairments in quality of life and treatment compliance, psycho-oncological collaboration being indispensable for the success of antineoplastic treatment.
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Barbosa, P., M. França, I. Almeida, F. Farinha, and C. Vasconcelos. "SAT0130 Toxic psychosis related with hydroxychloroquine." In Annual European Congress of Rheumatology, Annals of the rheumatic diseases ARD July 2001. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and European League Against Rheumatism, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2001.563.
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Fernandes, Lucca Ferdinando Queiroz, Raiana Carol de Medeiros Dantas, Maria Clara Medeiros Araújo, and Lucas de Oliveira Araújo Andrade. "Non-motor clinical manifestations of Parkinson’s disease and its relevance in early diagnosis." In XIII Congresso Paulista de Neurologia. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/1516-3180.100.
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Introduction: Parkinson’s disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that affects millions of people worldwide. Although Parkinson’s disease has traditionally been described as a disorder of the motor system, it is now recognized as a complex disease with several clinical features that include neuropsychiatric and non-motor manifestations. Studies show that 97% of patients with Parkinson’s disease report non-motor symptoms, in addition to motor symptoms, and some non-motor characteristics may appear before classic motor signs. Objectives: To list the main non-motor clinical manifestations of Parkinson’s disease and analyze its importance in establishing an accurate and early clinical diagnosis. Methods: This is an integrative review, carried out based on the search of scientific publications indexed in the datebase MEDLINE via PubMed, Lilacs and SciELO. At the end of the searches, 66 publications met the eligibility criteria and were selected to compose the study. Results: Within the non-motor clinical manifestations, there may be present: cognitive dysfunction and dementia, psychosis and hallucinations, mood disorders, sleep disorders, fatigue, autonomic dysfunction, olfactory dysfunction, gastrointestinal dysfunction, pain, sensory disorders and dermatological manifestations. Of these, olfactory dysfunction, constipation, depression and sleep disorders stand out because they often precede the motor symptoms of Parkinson’s disease. Conclusion: In this perspective, it is up to the general practitioner and the neurologist or geriatrician to carry out, whenever possible, screening tests to identify early changes that may precede Parkinson’s disease, guaranteeing patients an early multiprofessional treatment and consequently a better prognosis in the course of the disease.
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Salemi, S., A. Aeschlimann, B. Michel, R. Gay, S. Gay, and H. Sprott. "SAT0126 Expression of opioid receptors in chronic pain patients with fibromyalgia, osteoarthritis, psychosis, rheumatoid arthritis and healthy controls." In Annual European Congress of Rheumatology, Annals of the rheumatic diseases ARD July 2001. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and European League Against Rheumatism, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2001.559.
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Li, Xiao-Yan, and Zhi-Ying Wu. "F25 The clinical, imaging and biological features of psychosis in Han Chinese patients with huntington’s disease." In EHDN Abstracts 2021. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jnnp-2021-ehdn.68.
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Innocencio, Giovanna de Camargo, Juliana de Souza Rosa, Patrick de Abreu Cunha Lopes, Paulo Roberto Hernandes Júnior, and Jhoney Francieis Feitosa. "Clinical overview and therapeutic management of the cognitive and behavorial aspects of Huntington’s disease." In XIII Congresso Paulista de Neurologia. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/1516-3180.177.
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Background: Huntington’s disease (HD) is an autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disease classified among chorea that, in addition to motor symptoms, is characterized by neuropsychiatric disorders. Objectives: to analyze the cognitive and behavioral clinical aspects of Huntington’s disease and the therapeutic management of these symptoms. Methods: a literature review was carried out from the Scielo and PubMed database, using “Huntington’s disease”, “Cognition”, “Behavior” and “Treatment” as descriptors, where 11 articles were selected between 2001 and 2018. Results: the nature of cognitive and behavioral symptoms in HD are very dynamic, and cognitive dysfunctions are present prior to diagnosis. The most common clinical challenges include executive dysfunction, mainly slow thinking and attention disorders, apathy, depression and irritability. One study used data from the European Huntington’s Disease Network and evaluated almost 2.000 carriers of the mutation, in which 47.4% reported apathy, while depression and irritability occurred in 42.1%, and aggression and psychosis occurred in 38.6%. Other studies have confirmed apathy as an early manifestation related to its progression. For the therapeutic management of chorea, tetrabenazine is used, while antidepressants can be effective in mood symptoms. On the other hand, antipsychotics can lead to the advance and rapid progress of the disease. Small controlled studies with atomoxetine, donepezil and rivastigmine have found no positive effects on patients’ cognition. Recent publications have shown that circulating levels of brain-derived neutrotrophic factors in HD correlate with mood, cognition and motor function and can serve as markers of treatment success, while growth factor I is associated with cognitive decline and can provide biomarker targets for treatment validation. Conclusion: cognitive and behavioral symptoms in HD are very diversified and some strategies may have potential therapies and/or deleterious ones.
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Chirita, Anca Livia, Mihaela Popescu, Veronica Calborean, Victor Gheorman, and Ion Udristoiu. "PSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS ASSOCIATED WITH ENDOCRINE DYSFUNCTIONS." In The European Conference of Psychiatry and Mental Health "Galatia". Archiv Euromedica, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.35630/2022/12/psy.ro.25.
Full textAbstract:
Introduction: Psychiatric disorders occurring during endocrine dysfunction and, conversely, endocrine dysfunctions associated with mental disorders were the emergence of a new discipline, psychoendocrinology. Psychiatric disorders correlated with endocrine diseases are defined as psychopathological manifestations of variable intensity and clinical symptomatology, determined by complex psycho-neuro-endocrinological interrelationships. Defining elements consist of the association between diagnosis of mental disorders and specific symptoms for endocrine dysfunction. Methods: We conducted a prospective one-year study (January 2018 - December 2018 on 112 patients hospitalized in the Clinic of Psychiatry who also had an endocrinological comorbidity. We investigated the frequency and severity of psychoendocrinological associations by studying a number of demographic and clinical items. Results: The results showed that the highest incidence belongs to thyroid disorder - 55.36%, followed by gonadal disorders - 24.11%, and, rarely, pituitary diseases and diabetes. Hyperthyroidism was associated most frequently with manic episodes, while unipolar depression prevailed in patients with hypothyroidism. In gonadal disorders, present in majority in female patients (secondary amenorrhea, menopause or erectile dysfunction in males), depression accompanied by anxiety, often severe in intensity, was the most frequent psychiatric diagnosis. Psychotic disorders were met in a smaller number of cases, especially in patients with long history of endocrine disorders and instability of biological constants. Conclusions: We may state that affective disorders are the most frequent nosologically category in patients with endocrine dysfunctions. It requires a better collaboration between specialists in endocrinology and psychiatry, to highlight the determinants which contribute to the development of psychopathological manifestations in endocrine diseases and to individualize the treatment depending on cases’ particularities.