Academic literature on the topic 'Psychotic continuum'
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Journal articles on the topic "Psychotic continuum"
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Krabbendam, Lydia, Inez Myin-Germeys, Maarten Bak, and Jim Van Os. "Explaining Transitions Over the Hypothesized Psychosis Continuum." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 39, no. 3 (March 2005): 180–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/j.1440-1614.2005.01541.x.
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Objectives: It is crucial to understand the psychological mechanisms that mediate transition from having one or two psychotic symptoms to becoming a patient with a psychotic disorder. This study investigated whether: (i) a delusional interpretation and/or a depressed response to hallucinatory experiences predicts the later onset of clinical psychotic disorder; and (ii) the presence of need for care in relation to psychotic disorder was associated with the use of particular coping strategies. Method: A general population sample of 4672 individuals with no lifetime evidence of any psychotic disorder were interviewed with the Composite International Diagnostic Interview Schedule (CIDI) at baseline and 1 and 3 years later. At year 3, individuals with CIDI evidence of psychotic symptoms were interviewed by clinicians to identify onset of psychotic disorder with need for care. Coping, subjective distress with and perceived control over the psychotic experience were assessed using the Maastricht Assessment of Coping Strategies (MACS). Results: Given the presence of hallucinatory experiences at baseline, the increase in risk on the additive scale of having the psychosis outcome at T2 was higher in the group with delusional ideation at T1 than in those without delusional ideation at T1. Similarly, presence of depressed mood at T1 increased the risk of having the psychosis outcome at T2, but this effect overlapped partly with the risk-increasing effect of delusional ideation. Individuals with a need for care were much more likely to display symptomatic coping, whereas the presence of the other coping types was not different across the groups with and without need for care. Conclusion: Transitions over the psychosis continuum are, at least in part, driven by the emotional, cognitive and behavioural responses to the initial psychotic or psychosis-like experiences. Individuals who react with a delusional interpretation, negative emotional states and/or a symptomatic coping style have an increased risk for developing clinical psychosis.
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Chapman, Hannah C., Katherine F. Visser, Vijay A. Mittal, Brandon E. Gibb, Meredith E. Coles, and Gregory P. Strauss. "Emotion regulation across the psychosis continuum." Development and Psychopathology 32, no. 1 (February 11, 2019): 219–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579418001682.
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AbstractEmotion regulation dysfunction is characteristic of psychotic disorders, but little is known about how the use of specific types of emotion regulation strategies differs across phases of psychotic illness. This information is vital for understanding factors contributing to psychosis vulnerability states and developing targeted treatments. Three studies were conducted to examine emotion regulation across phases of psychosis, which included (a) adolescent community members with psychotic-like experiences (PLEs; n = 262) and adolescents without PLEs (n = 1,226); (b) adolescents who met clinical high-risk criteria for a prodromal syndrome (n = 29) and healthy controls (n = 29); and (c) outpatients diagnosed with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder (SZ; n = 61) and healthy controls (n = 67). In each study, participants completed the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire and measures of psychiatric symptoms and functional outcome. The three psychosis groups did not differ from each other in reported use of suppression; however, there was evidence for a vulnerability-related, dose-dependent decrease in reappraisal. Across each sample, a lower use of reappraisal was associated with poorer clinical outcomes. Findings indicate that emotion regulation abnormalities occur across a continuum of psychosis vulnerability and represent important targets for intervention.
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Taylor, Hannah E., Suzanne L. K. Stewart, Graham Dunn, Sophie Parker, David Fowler, and Anthony P. Morrison. "Core Schemas across the Continuum of Psychosis: A Comparison of Clinical and Non-Clinical Groups." Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy 42, no. 6 (August 7, 2013): 718–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1352465813000593.
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Background: Research suggests that core schemas are important in both the development and maintenance of psychosis. Aims: The aim of the study was to investigate and compare core schemas in four groups along the continuum of psychosis and examine the relationships between schemas and positive psychotic symptomatology. Method: A measure of core schemas was distributed to 20 individuals experiencing first-episode psychosis (FEP), 113 individuals with “at risk mental states” (ARMS), 28 participants forming a help-seeking clinical group (HSC), and 30 non-help-seeking individuals who endorse some psychotic-like experiences (NH). Results: The clinical groups scored significantly higher than the NH group for negative beliefs about self and about others. No significant effects of group on positive beliefs about others were found. For positive beliefs about the self, the NH group scored significantly higher than the clinical groups. Furthermore, negative beliefs about self and others were related to positive psychotic symptomatology and to distress related to those experiences. Conclusions: Negative evaluations of the self and others appear to be characteristic of the appraisals of people seeking help for psychosis and psychosis-like experiences. The results support the literature that suggests that self-esteem should be a target for intervention. Future research would benefit from including comparison groups of people experiencing chronic psychosis and people who do not have any psychotic-like experiences.
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Luhrmann, T. M. "Diversity Within the Psychotic Continuum." Schizophrenia Bulletin 43, no. 1 (November 21, 2016): 27–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/schbul/sbw137.
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Wigman, J. T. W., K. J. Wardenaar, R. B. K. Wanders, S. H. Booij, B. F. Jeronimus, L. van der Krieke, M. Wichers, and P. de Jonge. "Dimensional and discrete variations on the psychosis continuum in a Dutch crowd-sourcing population sample." European Psychiatry 42 (May 2017): 55–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.11.014.
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AbstractBackgroundMild psychotic experiences are common in the general population. Although transient and benign in most cases, these experiences are predictive of later mental health problems for a significant minority. The goal of the present study was to perform examinations of the dimensional and discrete variations in individuals’ reporting of subclinical positive and negative psychotic experiences in a unique Dutch internet-based sample from the general population.MethodsPositive and negative subclinical psychotic experiences were measured with the Community Assessment of Psychic Experiences in 2870 individuals. First, the prevalence of these experiences and their associations with demographics, affect, psychopathology and quality of life were investigated. Next, latent class analysis was used to identify data-driven subgroups with different symptom patterns, which were subsequently compared on aforementioned variables.ResultsSubclinical psychotic experiences were commonly reported. Both positive and negative psychotic experiences were associated with younger age, more negative affect, anxiety and depression as well as less positive affect and poorer quality of life. Seven latent classes (‘Low psychotic experiences’, ‘Lethargic’, ‘Blunted’, ‘Distressed’, ‘Paranormal’, ‘Distressed_grandiose’ and ‘Distressed/positive psychotic experiences’) were identified that demonstrated both dimensional differences in the number/severity of psychotic experiences and discrete differences in the patterns of reported experiences.ConclusionSubclinical psychotic experiences show both dimensional severity variations and discrete symptom-pattern variations across individuals. To understand and capture all interindividual variations in subclinical psychotic experiences, their number, nature and context (co-occurrence patterns) should be considered at the same time. Only some psychotic experiences may lay on a true psychopathological psychosis continuum.
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Martins, Maria João Ruivo Ventura, Paula Castilho, Célia Barreto Carvalho, Ana Telma Pereira, Vitor Santos, Andrew Gumley, and António Ferreira de Macedo. "Contextual Cognitive-Behavioral Therapies Across the Psychosis Continuum." European Psychologist 22, no. 2 (April 2017): 83–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1016-9040/a000283.
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Abstract. Considering several etiologic, therapeutic, and comorbidity-related factors, a psychosis continuum model has been proposed for the understanding and treatment of psychotic disorders. Within the new emerging treatment approaches, Contextual Cognitive-Behavioral Therapies (CCBT) seem to hold promise for the psychosis continuum. However, considering their novelty for this specific population, the quality of efficacy evidence remains unclear. Objective: To examine, critically analyze, and summarize the results from studies based on therapeutic models within the CCBT approach (Mindfulness and Acceptance-based interventions, Compassion-Focused Therapy, Dialectical Behavior Therapy, and Metacognitive Therapy) for patients with a diagnosis within the psychosis continuum (schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, bipolar disorder). Methods: Three leading electronic databases (MEDLINE/PUBMED; PsycINFO; Cochrane Library), a grey literature database (OpenGrey), and registered clinical trials (ClinicalTrials.Gov) were searched using combinations of key terms regarding the CCBT models and the diagnosis considered. Reference lists of the relevant studies and reviews were searched. Only Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs) were included. The “Cochrane Risk of Bias Assessment Tool” was used for quality assessment. Results: A total of 17 articles were included. This review was based on a majority of unclear or low risk of bias studies. Benefits regarding clinical variables such as psychotic symptoms, anxiety and depression, functioning or quality of life were found. Conclusion: Overall the studies supported some benefits of CCBT approaches for the psychosis continuum. The conceptual perspective on treatment has changed, nevertheless the outcomes assessed are still symptom-focused and there is still need for improvement. Methodological considerations and future directions are presented.
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Quattrone, Diego, Laura Ferraro, Giada Tripoli, Victoria Rodriguez, Paolo Marino, Evangelos Vassos, Craig Morgan, et al. "S126. THE RELATION OF THE PSYCHOSIS CONTINUUM WITH SCHIZOPHRENIA POLYGENIC RISK SCORE AND CANNABIS USE." Schizophrenia Bulletin 46, Supplement_1 (April 2020): S83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/schbul/sbaa031.192.
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Abstract Background There has been much debate about whether research into psychosis should be conducted using symptom dimensions as opposed to diagnostic categories. Indeed, dimensions, like categories, may be practical but arbitrary tools for research and clinical practice; hence, they should not be based on psychometric data only. The aim of this study was to externally validate empirically derived symptom dimensions using combined genetic and environmental data. Specifically, we examined the hypothesis that the continuous multivariate distribution of psychosis is a function of cannabis use and genetic liability to schizophrenia, as summarised by polygenic risk score (SZ-PRS). Methods As part of the European Network of National Schizophrenia Networks Studying Gene-Environment Interactions (EU-GEI) study, we analysed a large multinational sample of First Episode Psychosis patients (FEP) and population controls, with available genotype and psychopathology information. Using item response modelling in Mplus, we estimated a bifactor model of psychotic symptoms in FEP, and of psychotic experiences in controls. Using PRSice, we built SZ-PRS by weighting individuals’ risk variants by the log(odds ratio), where the odds ratio was extracted from the latest summary statistics of Psychiatric Genomic Consortium mega-analyses on schizophrenia. Finally, we used linear regression to test the combined associations of the positive symptom/experience dimensions with SZ-PRS and daily/current cannabis use, separately in FEP and controls, after covarying for 10 ancestry principal components, sex, age, and primary diagnosis. Results The continuous distribution of psychosis was represented by two bi-factor models composed of 1) in FEP, one general psychosis factor and five specific dimensions; 2) in controls, one general psychosis factor and three specific dimensions. Linear regression modelling showed that in 617 FEP, both daily cannabis use (B=0.31; 95%CI 0.11 to 0.52; p=0.002) and SZ-PRS (B=0.22; 95%CI 0.04 to 0.39; p=0.014) were independently associated with the dimension of positive symptoms. Similar results were found in 979 population controls, with a positive association of both current use of cannabis (B=0.26, 95%CI 0.06 to 0.46; p=0.011) and SZ-PRS (B=0.13, 95%CI 0.02 to 0.25; p=0.022) with the dimension of psychotic experiences. Discussion We found two factors associated with the latent dimensional structure of psychosis. SZ risk variants and cannabis use independently map onto specific dimensions of positive symptoms, contributing to variation across the psychosis continuum. Our study supports the theory that psychotic experiences in the general population are biologically similar to clinical psychotic symptoms.
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Barrantes-Vidal, Neus, Manel Monsonet, Anna Racioppi, and Thomas R. Kwapil. "M2. STRESS IS ASSOCIATED AND PREDICTS SCHIZOTYPIC AND PSYCHOTIC-LIKE EXPERIENCES IN THE FLOW OF DAILY LIFE IN NONCLINICAL AND INCIPIENT PSYCHOSIS INDIVIDUALS." Schizophrenia Bulletin 46, Supplement_1 (April 2020): S133. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/schbul/sbaa030.314.
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Abstract Background Daily-life stressors, specially of a social nature, seem to play an important role in the origin and expression of the continuum of psychosis vulnerability. This study examined whether social stress and social positive appraisals in daily-life were associated, respectively, with the occurrence and the decrease of momentary psychotic-like and paranoid experiences and symptoms across the psychosis continuum. Methods Both social stressors and positive appraisals, as well as psychotic and paranoid experiences, were collected by means of Experience Sampling Methodology over a week. Schizotypy was assessed with the Wisconsin Schizotypy Scales. Participants were 206 nonclinical individuals oversampled for schizotypy scores (mean age=19.8) and 113 individuals with at-risk mental states for psychosis and first episode psychosis (74 and 39, respectively; mean age=22.5). Results In the nonclinical sample, appraisals of social stress (but no social contact per se) were associated with psychotic-like and paranoid experiences in daily-life, but not with diminished thoughts or emotions (negative-like symptoms). The association of stress with psychotic and paranoid experiences was moderated by positive, but not negative, schizotypy. In the clinical sample, the positive social appraisal of feeling cared for by others moderated the association between negative self-esteem and the experience of paranoia. Also, they predicted (time-lagged analyses) a decrease of these experiences at subsequent time points—although only feeling cared about did so when the previous level of paranoia was controlled for. Discussion Consistent with models postulating that stress-sensitivity is a potential mechanistic pathway of, specifically, the positive dimension of psychosis, situational and also social stress predicted psychotic-like and paranoid experiences only in participants with high positive schizotypy. Furthermore, positive social appraisals showed a critical role for buffering the expression of paranoia associated to poor self-esteem in clinical risk for and early psychosis and predicted its amelioration prospectively. Altogether, these findings support the notion that increased sensitivity to social cues is a critical aspect for both risk and resilience mechanisms in the continuum of psychosis. Additionally, they highlight the powerful relevance of positive social identification for dampening the deleterious effects of poor self-esteem and stress.
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Pearson, Nathan T., and James H. Berry. "Cannabis and Psychosis Through the Lens of DSM-5." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 21 (October 28, 2019): 4149. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16214149.
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Evidence for an association between cannabis and psychosis has been documented in literature in many forms including experimental studies, epidemiological data, and case series. The association has implications for psychotic outcomes ranging from mild to severe and occurring over minutes to years. Due to the huge variety of exposures and outcome measures reported, creating a coherent account of all the available information is difficult. A useful way to conceptualize these wide-ranging results is to consider the association between cannabis and psychosis as it occurs within the context of widely used DSM-5 diagnoses. In the present review we examine cannabis/psychosis associations as they pertain to Cannabis Intoxication, Cannabis-Induced Psychotic Disorder, and Schizophrenia. This allows for an understanding of the cannabis and psychosis association along something approaching a continuum. Cannabis intoxication becomes Cannabis-Induced Psychotic Disorder once certain severity and duration criteria are met and Cannabis-Induced Psychotic Disorder is heavily associated with future schizophrenia diagnoses.
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Johns, Louise C., Mary Cannon, Nicola Singleton, Robin M. Murray, Michael Farrell, Traolach Brugha, Paul Bebbington, Rachel Jenkins, and Howard Meltzer. "Prevalence and correlates of self-reported psychotic symptoms in the British population." British Journal of Psychiatry 185, no. 4 (October 2004): 298–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.185.4.298.
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BackgroundThe psychosis phenotype is generally thought of as a categorical entity. However, there is increasing evidence that psychosis exists in the population as a continuum of severity rather than an all-or-none phenomenon.AimsTo investigate the prevalence and correlates of self-reported psychotic symptoms using data from the 2000 British National Survey of Psychiatric Morbidity.MethodA total of 8580 respondents aged 16–74 years were interviewed. Questions covered mental health, physical health, substance use, life events and socio-demographic variables. The Psychosis Screening Questionnaire (PSQ) was used to identify psychotic symptoms.ResultsOf the respondents, 5.5% endorsed one or more items on the PSQ. Factors independently associated with psychotic symptoms were cannabis dependence, alcohol dependence, victimisation, recent stressful life events, lower intellectual ability and neurotic symptoms. Male gender was associated with paranoid thoughts, whereas female gender predicted hallucinatory experiences.ConclusionsSelf-reported psychotic symptoms are less common in this study than reported elsewhere, because of the measure used. These symptoms have demographic and clinical correlates similar to clinical psychosis.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Psychotic continuum"
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Green, Melissa Jayne. "Facial affect processing in delusion-prone and deluded individuals: A continuum approach to the study of delusion formation." University of Sydney. Psychology, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/792.
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This thesis examines attentional and cognitive biases for particular facial expressions in delusion-prone and deluded individuals. The exploration of cognitive biases in delusion-prone individuals provides one means of elucidating psychological processes that might be involved in the genesis of delusions. Chapter 1 provides a brief review of the continuum approach to schizophrenia, and outlines recent theoretical conceptualisations of delusions. The study of schizophrenia phenomena at the symptom level has become a popular method of inquiry, given the heterogeneous phenotypic expression of schizophrenia, and the uncertainty surrounding the existence of a core neuropathology. Delusions are one of the most commonly experienced symptoms of schizophrenia, and have traditionally been regarded as fixed, false beliefs that are pathognomonic of an organic disease process. However, recent phenomenological evidence of delusional ideation in the general population has led to the conceptualisation of delusions as multi-dimensional entities, lying at the extreme end of a continuum from normal through to maladaptive beliefs. Recent investigations of the information processing abnormalities in deluded individuals are reviewed in Chapter 2. This strand of research has revealed evidence of various biases in social cognition, particularly in relation to threat-related material, in deluded individuals. These biases are evident in probabilistic reasoning, attribution style, and attention, but there has been relatively little investigation of cognitive aberrations in delusion-prone individuals. In the present thesis, social-cognitive biases were examined in relation to a standard series of faces that included threat-related (anger, fear) and non-threatening (happy, sad) expressions, in both delusion-prone and clinically deluded individuals. Chapters 3 and 4 present the results of behavioural (RT, affect recognition accuracy) and visual scanpath investigations in healthy participants assessed for level of delusion- proneness. The results indicate that delusion-prone individuals are slower at processing angry faces, and show a general (rather than emotion-specific) impairment in facial affect recognition, compared to non-prone healthy controls. Visual scanpath studies show that healthy individuals tend to direct more foveal fixations to the feature areas (eyes, nose, mouth) of threat-related facial expressions (anger, fear). By contrast, delusion-prone individuals exhibit reduced foveal attention to threat-related faces, combined with �extended� scanpaths, that may be interpreted as an attentional pattern of �vigilance-avoidance� for social threat. Chapters 5 and 6 extend the work presented in Chapters 3 and 4, by investigating the presence of similar behavioural and attentional biases in deluded schizophrenia, compared to healthy control and non-deluded schizophrenia groups. Deluded schizophrenia subjects exhibited a similar delay in processing angry faces, compared to non-prone control participants, while both deluded and non-deluded schizophrenia groups displayed a generalised affect recognition deficit. Visual scanpath investigations revealed a similar style of avoiding a broader range of negative (anger, fear, sad) faces in deluded schizophrenia, as well as a common pattern of fewer fixations with shorter duration, and reduced attention to facial features of all faces in both deluded and non-deluded schizophrenia. The examination of inferential biases for emotions displayed in facial expressions is presented in Chapter 7 in a study of causal attributional style. The results of this study provide some support for a �self-serving� bias in deluded schizophrenia, as well as evidence for an inability to appreciate situational cues when making causal judgements in both delusion-prone and deluded schizophrenia. A theoretical integration of the current findings is presented in Chapter 8, with regard to the implications for cognitive theories of delusions, and neurobiological models of schizophrenia phenomena, more generally. Visual attention biases for threat-related facial expressions in delusion-prone and deluded schizophrenia are consistent with proposals of neural dysconnectivity between frontal-limbic networks, while attributional biases and impaired facial expression perception may reflect dysfunction in a broader �social brain� network encompassing these and medial temporal lobe regions. Strong evidence for attentional biases and affect recognition deficits in delusion-prone individuals implicates their role in the development of delusional beliefs, but the weaker evidence for attributional biases in delusion-prone individuals suggests that inferential biases about others� emotions may be relevant only to the maintenance of delusional beliefs (or that attributional biases for others� emotional states may reflect other, trait-linked difficulties related to mentalising ability). In summary, the work presented in this thesis demonstrates the utility of adopting a single-symptom approach to schizophrenia within the continuum framework, and attests to the importance of further investigations of aberrant social cognition in relation to the development of delusions.
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Taylor, Hannah Elizabeth. "Cognitive processes across the continuum of psychosis." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.509860.
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Research suggests psychotic-like experiences (PLEs) are common phenomena and such experiences do not always warrant a clinical diagnosis of psychosis. Nonetheless it has been argued that people who experience PLEs may be at risk of developing psychosis. Consequently, criteria have been developed to identify people experiencing at risk mental states (ARMS) and research trials have been conducted aimed at preventing the development of psychosis. What seems to distinguish the general population from the clinical population is the appraisal of PLEs. Morrison's (2001) cognitive model of psychosis suggests appraisals of PLEs, and subsequent responses adopted, are responsible for the maintenance of distress and disability associated with psychosis. These appraisals and responses are determined by beliefs that are formed through life experiences regarding the self, the world and others (Morrison, 2001). Metacognitive theory would also suggest positive beliefs about PLEs are associated with an increase in such phenomena whereas negative beliefs about PLEs are associated with distress. Five studies were designed to test predictions based on Morrison's (2001) cognitive model in non-clinical (NC) and clinical samples, investigate the continuum view of psychosis, explore experiences of psychopathology across the continuum, investigate how cognitive processes relate to PLEs in clinical and NC samples and examine the role of appraisals and schemas in the relationship between PLEs and associated distress. Studies demonstrated strong evidence to suggest a continuum of psychosis exists, which spans affective states. Continuum studies showed significantly elevated negative metacognitive beliefs and self schemas, plus significantly lower levels of positive self schemas in the clinical populations. Experimental studies reported significant associations between psychotic-like appraisals and distress. Some cognitive processes were found to mediate the relationships between PLEs and distress in the ARMS population. The results provide validation for the continuum view of psychosis, and for both the cognitive model (Morrison, 2001) and the S-REF model (Wells & Matthews, 1994; Wells & Matthews, 1996).
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Humpston, Clara. "Predictive processing and source monitoring in the psychosis continuum." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2017. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/108088/.
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Schizophrenia is a serious and debilitating mental illness, and sufferers frequently experience a multitude of symptoms. Of particular interest to the current Thesis are psychotic symptoms including delusions, hallucinations and associated self- disturbances such as interference in the agency and ownership of thoughts and actions. Since the disorder was first described over a century ago, research into the pathogenesis of schizophrenia has advanced greatly. However, there are still large gaps in the current knowledge and understanding of the neuropsychological bases of this devastating illness. The current Thesis adopts a cognitive neuropsychiatric approach and applies a continuum model to the construct of psychosis. The aim of the current Thesis was to incorporate theories such as the source monitoring and the predictive processing frameworks across a range of behavioural tasks, in order to investigate some of the neuropsychological deficits in schizotypy and early psychotic symptoms. Healthy individuals with schizotypal traits and patients with early psychosis who did not yet meet a full diagnosis of schizophrenia underwent a battery of behavioural paradigms, with each task aimed at a different aspect of predictive processing and source monitoring. In healthy individuals, nonclinical psychosis-like experiences measured with schizotypy scales were significantly associated with difficulties in the source monitoring of actions, in particular deficits in reality monitoring and internal source monitoring. However, no significant relationships were found for the predictive processing tasks, which focused on the perceptual (force-matching), associative (Kamin blocking) and motivational (reversal learning) domains. In the patients with first episode psychosis, positive psychotic symptoms were not significantly correlated with specific deficits in either category of tasks, although this study was under- powered and strong conclusion could not be drawn. Nevertheless, these findings have provided support for partial dimensionality in psychosis vulnerability and will serve as foundations for future research on a larger scale.
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Fleming, Michael P. "Deconstructing Schizophrenia : uncovering evidence of a severity continuum model of psychosis." Thesis, University of the West of Scotland, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.568814.
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The schizophrenia syndrome was developed with the aim of distinguishing between those people that have the syndrome and those people that do not and between those people with the syndrome and those people with other distinct syndromes. The basis for syndromes to be recognised is that they are made up of symptoms unique to that syndrome and that the pattern between those symptoms determines onset, course and prognosis. Valid syndromes are then used to identify the disease agent that causes these symptoms to occur and vary together. Once a disease agent is identified, it is possible to develop treatments that eliminate the disease agent. In the hundred years since its development, the schizophrenia syndrome has failed to deliver these expected outcomes. Problems remain regarding reliability of diagnosis, aetiology and the effective treatment. Despite these shortcomings, the Syndrome Model of schizophrenia continues to have a monopoly in terms of research into aetiology and dominates clinical practice. It has failed to establish a cause and leading biological researchers have acknowledged this deficit. The reason for these deficits is a flaw in the validity of the syndrome. Poor validity is inferred by the lack of uniqueness of symptoms and variations in symptoms across different populations. One of the main principles that protect syndrome validity is the notion of discontinuity. In order for a syndrome to make a distinction between those with the syndrome and those that do not, a discontinuum between these two groups is required. If a syndrome is not supported by this discontinuum this would seriously impinge on its ability to effectively function as syndrome and would account for the deficiencies noted above. Compelling evidence is emerging that members of the general population experience the symptoms of psychosis. Studies have found that the prevalence of auditory hallucinations and delusions are experienced in rates higher than those found in clinical populations. This is evidence that would suggest a Severity Continuum of Psychosis exists rather than the assumed discontinuum.
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Rehman, Aliyah. "Sleep across the psychosis continuum and its relationship to paranoid thinking." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2018. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/30797/.
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Background: The present thesis sought to explore the relationship between sleep and paranoia, and investigate what factors mediate this relationship. The research was conducted at different levels, and in different groups including healthy members of the general population, people with a diagnosis of psychosis and clinicians. Method: in chapter 3, a cross-sectional study was conducted online to examine the relationships between sleep and paranoia in a non-clinical sample. Following this, chapter 4 outlines a systematic review that aimed to further understand how sleep has been investigated in clinical samples of people with psychosis. Next, chapter 5 examined the relationship between sleep disturbance and paranoia in a clinical sample using novel experience sampling methodologies. Finally, chapter 6 explored clinician perceptions of sleep problems in people with psychosis. Results: chapter 3 found evidence for a mediation model whereby sleep predicted paranoia, and this relationship was mediated by negative emotions, alexithymia and perceptual anomalies. Chapter 4 revealed that there is a range of methodologies used to assess and measure sleep and identified areas of bias. Chapter 5 found no relationship between sleep and paranoia in a clinical sample of people with psychosis. Finally, chapter 6 found that clinicians are fully aware of the range and types of sleep problems in people with psychosis but lack the training and skills to treat sleep problems. Discussion: Overall, the relationship between sleep and paranoia is inconsistent. Sleep disturbances are common and should be treated in people with psychosis. More work is required to develop effective intervention strategies to address the range and type of sleep disturbances found in people with psychosis.
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Statham, Verity. "The assessment of paranoia and paranoid intrusive thoughts across the continuum of psychosis." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2017. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/18102/.
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Murphy, Jamie. "Trauma and the continuum of psychosis : an analysis of two large-scale population-based samples." Thesis, University of Ulster, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.444453.
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Carden, L. "An exploration of shame, the psychosis continuum and the quality of the voice-hearing relationship." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2017. http://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/3009665/.
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Kuepper, Rebecca, Os Jim van, Roselind Lieb, Hans-Ulrich Wittchen, Michael Höfler, and Cécile Henquet. "Continued cannabis use and risk of incidence and persistence of psychotic symptoms: 10 year follow-up cohort study." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2013. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-120779.
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Objective: To determine whether use of cannabis in adolescence increases the risk for psychotic outcomes by affecting the incidence and persistence of subclinical expression of psychosis in the general population (that is, expression of psychosis below the level required for a clinical diagnosis).
Design: Analysis of data from a prospective population based cohort study in Germany (early developmental stages of psychopathology study).
Setting: Population based cohort study in Germany.
Participants: 1923 individuals from the general population, aged 14-24 at baseline.
Main outcome measure: Incidence and persistence of subthreshold psychotic symptoms after use of cannabis in adolescence. Cannabis use and psychotic symptoms were assessed at three time points (baseline, T2 (3.5 years), T3 (8.4 years)) over a 10 year follow-up period with the Munich version of the composite international diagnostic interview (M-CIDI).
Results: In individuals who had no reported lifetime psychotic symptoms and no reported lifetime cannabis use at baseline, incident cannabis use over the period from baseline to T2 increased the risk of later incident psychotic symptoms over the period from T2 to T3 (adjusted odds ratio 1.9, 95% confidence interval 1.1 to 3.1; P=0.021). Furthermore, continued use of cannabis increased the risk of persistent psychotic symptoms over the period from T2 to T3 (2.2, 1.2 to 4.2; P=0.016). The incidence rate of psychotic symptoms over the period from baseline to T2 was 31% (152) in exposed individuals versus 20% (284) in non-exposed individuals; over the period from T2 to T3 these rates were 14% (108) and 8% (49), respectively.
Conclusion: Cannabis use is a risk factor for the development of incident psychotic symptoms. Continued cannabis use might increase the risk for psychotic disorder by impacting on the persistence of symptoms.
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Kuepper, Rebecca, Os Jim van, Roselind Lieb, Hans-Ulrich Wittchen, Michael Höfler, and Cécile Henquet. "Continued cannabis use and risk of incidence and persistence of psychotic symptoms: 10 year follow-up cohort study." Technische Universität Dresden, 2011. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A27121.
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Objective: To determine whether use of cannabis in adolescence increases the risk for psychotic outcomes by affecting the incidence and persistence of subclinical expression of psychosis in the general population (that is, expression of psychosis below the level required for a clinical diagnosis).
Design: Analysis of data from a prospective population based cohort study in Germany (early developmental stages of psychopathology study).
Setting: Population based cohort study in Germany.
Participants: 1923 individuals from the general population, aged 14-24 at baseline.
Main outcome measure: Incidence and persistence of subthreshold psychotic symptoms after use of cannabis in adolescence. Cannabis use and psychotic symptoms were assessed at three time points (baseline, T2 (3.5 years), T3 (8.4 years)) over a 10 year follow-up period with the Munich version of the composite international diagnostic interview (M-CIDI).
Results: In individuals who had no reported lifetime psychotic symptoms and no reported lifetime cannabis use at baseline, incident cannabis use over the period from baseline to T2 increased the risk of later incident psychotic symptoms over the period from T2 to T3 (adjusted odds ratio 1.9, 95% confidence interval 1.1 to 3.1; P=0.021). Furthermore, continued use of cannabis increased the risk of persistent psychotic symptoms over the period from T2 to T3 (2.2, 1.2 to 4.2; P=0.016). The incidence rate of psychotic symptoms over the period from baseline to T2 was 31% (152) in exposed individuals versus 20% (284) in non-exposed individuals; over the period from T2 to T3 these rates were 14% (108) and 8% (49), respectively.
Conclusion: Cannabis use is a risk factor for the development of incident psychotic symptoms. Continued cannabis use might increase the risk for psychotic disorder by impacting on the persistence of symptoms.
Books on the topic "Psychotic continuum"
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Marneros, Andreas, Nancy C. Andreasen, and Ming T. Tsuang, eds. Psychotic Continuum. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-79485-8.
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1946-, Marneros A., Andreasen Nancy C, and Tsuang Ming T. 1931-, eds. Psychotic continuum. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1995.
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Marneros, Andreas. Psychotic Continuum. Springer, 2012.
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Soule, Michael, and Hilary S. Connery. Co-occurring Substance Use Disorders. Edited by Hunter L. McQuistion. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190610999.003.0020.
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Substance use disorders are frequently comorbid with mood, anxiety, and psychotic disorders, and they commonly present in tandem in both primary care and psychiatric settings. Unfortunately, in the past, individuals with co-occurring substance use and mental health disorders would receive treatment in community mental health clinics only after their substance use disorder was “stabilized.” There has been increasing recognition that integrated treatment is necessary for these individuals to fully succeed and achieve recovery. This chapter uses a common presentation to illustrate up-to-date screening and treatment recommendations. Motivational interviewing, contingency management, cognitive–behavioral therapy, and medication-assisted treatment are explored. A discussion of the continuum of community-based services and systems challenges follows.
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Erlich, Matthew D., Thomas E. Smith, Ewald Horwath, and Francine Cournos. Schizophrenia and Other Psychotic Disorders. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199326075.003.0004.
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Patients with schizophrenia experience three categories of symptoms: positive (delusions and hallucinations); negative (blunting of affective expression, loss of volition, and apathy); and disorganized (as reflected by a formal thought disorder). A diagnosis of schizophrenia requires that continuous signs of illness, which may include prodromal and residual symptoms, be present for at least 6 months. Research indicates that schizophrenia is likely a neurodevelopmental illness with clear heritable risk factors. Patients with schizophrenia tend to have an illness onset by young adulthood and a generally debilitating and long-term course, but the degree of disability and functional impairment is widely variable. Other illnesses characterized by prominent psychotic symptoms include schizoaffective disorder and delusional disorder. Treatment for psychotic illnesses includes antipsychotic medication and recovery-oriented psychosocial interventions aimed at “psychiatric rehabilitation” wherein patients can learn or relearn skills necessary to live independently and work competitively.
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Broome, Matthew, Paolo Fusar-Poli, and Philippe Wuyts. Conceptual and Ethical Issues in the Prodromal Phase of Psychosis. Edited by K. W. M. Fulford, Martin Davies, Richard G. T. Gipps, George Graham, John Z. Sadler, Giovanni Stanghellini, and Tim Thornton. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199579563.013.0046.
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Our focus in this chapter is to address some of the philosophical issues that arise in the scientific and clinical study of the prodromal phase of psychosis. We discuss issues from both metaphysics and philosophy of science as we all as those related to phenomenological approaches and clinical ethics. A clear challenge arises in considering how models of a continuum of psychosis and of schizophrenia as a neurodevelopmental disorder can be reconciled with a scientific understanding of the prodrome as a discrete constellation of signs and symptoms. Clinical and research work on the prodromal stage of psychosis also highlights ethical concerns. Demarcating a mental disorder and applying therapeutic interventions, based solely on risk estimation, should not be carried out lightly.
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Cassidy, C. J., and Hector Valle. Psychosis y Dementia - a Love Story: Part IV - the Body Count Continues Ten Years Later. Independently Published, 2019.
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Weinel, Jonathan. Inner Worlds. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190671181.003.0002.
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This chapter provides an introduction to consciousness, and explores how our subjective experiences change during a variety of altered states of consciousness. An overview of cognition is given, outlining the processes involved in the construction of our experiences within the ‘stream’ or ‘theatre of consciousness’. Next, the main varieties of altered states of consciousness are discussed: psychosis, psychedelic experience, dreaming, hypnagogic hallucinations, sensory deprivation, meditation, trance, and hypnosis. Using existing dimensional models, these can be understood not as discrete states, but as points on a continuum, which significantly diverge from ‘normal waking consciousness’. For the purposes of Inner Sound, these altered states of consciousness can be represented or induced with the aid of sound and music; here an initial outline of how this may occur is given.
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Castle, David J., Peter F. Buckley, and Fiona P. Gaughran. A comprehensive monitoring approach to physical healthcare in people with schizophrenia. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198811688.003.0007.
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Monitoring of sentinel physical health issues should be part of the routine clinical care of people with schizophrenia and should include everyone involved, not least the patients’ general practitioners and patients themselves. All too often, however, appropriate ongoing monitoring is not part of usual clinical practice, and patients with psychotic disorders continue to have their physical health problems under-recognized and under-treated. There are numerous barriers to effective monitoring, and these operate at a systems level, clinical level, and patient level. Understanding of these barriers and negotiating them is vital and needs to be responsive to individual circumstances. This chapter provides a number of tools that can assist comprehensive longitudinal monitoring and involve the patient in the process. Clinicians and systems need to ensure such procedures and care pathways are delivered upon and continually audited and updated as required.
Book chapters on the topic "Psychotic continuum"
1
Marneros, A. "Psychotic Continuum: An Introduction." In Psychotic Continuum, 3–5. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-79485-8_1.
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Benes, F. M. "Microscopic Findings in the Cortex and Hippocampus of Schizophrenic and Schizoaffective Patients." In Psychotic Continuum, 127–36. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-79485-8_10.
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Carpenter, W. T., R. W. Buchanan, and B. Kirkpatrick. "Schizophrenia: Disease Entity, Disease Entities, or Domains of Psychopathology." In Psychotic Continuum, 137–49. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-79485-8_11.
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Crow, T. J. "Psychotic Continuum or Disease Entities? The Critical Impact of Nosology on the Problem of Aetiology." In Psychotic Continuum, 151–63. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-79485-8_12.
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Mundt, Ch. "Psychotic Continuum or Distinct Entities: Perspectives from Psychopathology." In Psychotic Continuum, 7–15. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-79485-8_2.
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Marneros, A., A. Rohde, and A. Deister. "Psychotic Continuum Under Longitudinal Considerations." In Psychotic Continuum, 17–30. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-79485-8_3.
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Meltzer, H. Y. "Psychotic Continuum or Distinct Entities: Perspective from Psychopharmacology." In Psychotic Continuum, 31–55. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-79485-8_4.
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Tsuang, M. T., J. C. Simpson, and J. A. Fleming. "Psychotic Continuum or Distinct Entities: Perspectives from Family Studies." In Psychotic Continuum, 57–66. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-79485-8_5.
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Remschmidt, H., M. Martin, E. Schulz, and G.-E. Trott. "Etiology of Schizophrenia: Perspectives from Childhood Psychoses." In Psychotic Continuum, 67–85. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-79485-8_6.
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Angst, J. "Psychotic Continuum or Distinct Entities: Discussion." In Psychotic Continuum, 87–88. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-79485-8_7.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Psychotic continuum"
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Lozano López, María Teresa, Sinta Gamonal Limcaoco, Nerea M. Casado Espada, Ana Macia Casas, Alberto Bullon Saez, Marina Covacho Gonzalez, Alba Gonzalez Mota, et al. "SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF THE OCCURRENCE OF PSYCHOTIC SYMPTOMS IN THE TRAMADOL AND OXYCODONE WITHDRAWAL ." In 22° Congreso de la Sociedad Española de Patología Dual (SEPD) 2020. SEPD, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.17579/sepd2020p038.
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Objetives: To begin with, this systematic review arises from the interest to know about the appearance of psychotic and opioid symptomatology. Therefore, the main objective of this research is to establish the appearance of psychotic symptoms in the removal of oxycodone and tramadol. Methods: As far as the research procedure is concerned, a systematic review has been carried out which focuses on the relation of the psychotic symptoms caused by the withdrawal of buprenorphine. In this way, we have selected those scientific papers filed in the database PubMed looking for the key words: “Tramadol; Oxycodone” AND “psychosis, psychotic symptoms; schizophrenia”. Results and conclusions: In current literature, there are three publications dealing with clinic cases where patients suffered from psychotic symptoms after the removal of tramadol or oxycodone. Two of them are case reports about patients who presented psychotic symptoms after stopping these opioids. It is necessary to continue observing and reporting all cases of psychotic symptoms after an opioid withdrawal, as well as the potential antipsychotic effect of the drugs
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Meenraj, Swathika, Chebolu Lakshmana Rao, and Balasubramanian Venkatesh. "Fluid Impact Under Various Tapping Conditions for Biomedical Application (Shirodhara)." In ASME 2018 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2018-87341.
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Shirodhara is an ayurveda therapy treating subjects for stress (depression/anxiety/hypertension) insomnia, headache and several kinds of psychosis. When there is a fluid impact on a solid surface, a transient impact will be developed at the interface in short time duration as vibration on forehead. The fluid impact of the liquid falling from the beaker at controlled flow rate is measured using an integrated circuit piezoelectric (ICP) force sensor for various tapping condition. The time-dependent response of the sensor is acquired using data acquisition system which is connected to the computer. The force is determined by measuring the voltage output from the piezoelectric force sensor. The impact experiment is done for single droplet, intermittent flow of drops and continuous flow of liquid falling from a fixed height of 7.5 cm. From the results, we observe the impact force for each fluid have a subtle variation depending on the falling condition and impact velocity of the fluid falling from a height.
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Altman, Brianna, Maha Mian, Luna Ueno, and Mitch Earleywine. "Cannabis’s Link to Schizotypy: Phenomenon, Measurement Bias, or Delusion?" In 2020 Virtual Scientific Meeting of the Research Society on Marijuana. Research Society on Marijuana, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.26828/cannabis.2021.01.000.5.
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Links between cannabis use and psychosis continue to generate research and media attention. Cannabis users have outscored non-users on the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire-Brief (SPQ-B) by a small amount in multiple studies, but previous work on biased items suggests that the groups do not differ if these items are removed. The present study examined links between schizotypal personality, as measured by the SPQ-B, and cannabis use in a large sample recruited from Amazon’s MTurk platform. Over 500 participants (72.5%) reported lifetime cannabis exposure, 259 participants (36.7%) reported current cannabis use, and on average, used 3.5 days per week. Users and non-users failed to differ significantly on total SPQ-B scores or any of the three established subscales, with effect sizes all lower than d = .20. The null results inspired a re-examination of the SPQ-B’s factor structure, which identified a novel 3-factor solution (difficulty opening up to others, hyperawareness, and odd or unusual behavior). Only the “odd or unusual behavior” factor showed cannabis-related differences (g = .234), but a differential item functioning test revealed that one item on that subscale showed potential bias against users. Removing this item dropped the group differences to a non-significant g = 0.149. These results suggest that links between schizotypy and cannabis require cautious interpretation with careful attention to potential measurement bias. In addition, the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire-Brief might have an alternative factor structure that could help answer important questions in psychopathology.