Journal articles on the topic 'Psychosocial support systems'
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Senteio, Charles, Julia Adler-Milstein, Caroline Richardson, and Tiffany Veinot. "Psychosocial information use for clinical decisions in diabetes care." Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association 26, no. 8-9 (April 26, 2019): 813–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jamia/ocz053.
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Abstract Objective There are increasing efforts to capture psychosocial information in outpatient care in order to enhance health equity. To advance clinical decision support systems (CDSS), this study investigated which psychosocial information clinicians value, who values it, and when and how clinicians use this information for clinical decision-making in outpatient type 2 diabetes care. Materials and Methods This mixed methods study involved physician interviews (n = 17) and a survey of physicians, nurse practitioners (NPs), and diabetes educators (n = 198). We used the grounded theory approach to analyze interview data and descriptive statistics and tests of difference by clinician type for survey data. Results Participants viewed financial strain, mental health status, and life stressors as most important. NPs and diabetes educators perceived psychosocial information to be more important, and used it significantly more often for 1 decision, than did physicians. While some clinicians always used psychosocial information, others did so when patients were not doing well. Physicians used psychosocial information to judge patient capabilities, understanding, and needs; this informed assessment of the risks and the feasibility of options and patient needs. These assessments influenced 4 key clinical decisions. Discussion Triggers for psychosocially informed CDSS should include psychosocial screening results, new or newly diagnosed patients, and changes in patient status. CDSS should support cost-sensitive medication prescribing, and psychosocially based assessment of hypoglycemia risk. Electronic health records should capture rationales for care that do not conform to guidelines for panel management. NPs and diabetes educators are key stakeholders in psychosocially informed CDSS. Conclusion Findings highlight opportunities for psychosocially informed CDSS—a vital next step for improving health equity.
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Kugonza, Gorret, and Shepherd Mutsvara. "Psychosocial Support and Protection for Refugee and Host Communities in Uganda: A Needs Assessment." Afrika Focus 35, no. 1 (June 30, 2022): 5–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/2031356x-35010002.
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Abstract Introduction: Established in 1964 and hosting over 76,000 refugees, Rwamwanja Refugee Settlement in Western Uganda was the focus of this study of existing structures and systems providing for the psychosocial and protection needs of both refugees and host communities. Methodology: The cross-sectional study with both qualitative and quantitative elements used focus group discussions (fgd s) and in-depth interviews with key informants working with organisations supporting refugees and host communities. Further, an individual household assessment of refugees (n=200) and host communities (n=100) was carried out using a free-listing questionnaire. Results: The traumatic situations of both refugees and host communities has led to high levels of fear, mood changes, stress and anxiety. This is further compounded by stressful situations such as competition for meagre resources and weak community-based interventions for psychosocial support and protection. Conclusion: Community resource mobilisation, counselling and mainstreaming psy cho social support through beneficiary participation is warranted. The humanitarian organisations and the Ugandan government need to establish specialised psychosocial support systems and protection strategies aimed at addressing the psychological needs of both communities.
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Blake, Jill Emmett. "A Mentoring Program for Adolescents With Diabetes." Diabetes Educator 23, no. 6 (December 1997): 681–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/014572179702300608.
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Adequate psychosocial support is a major factor in well-managed diabetes, especially with newly-diagnosed adolescents who face many life changes. A review of the literature shows that few psychosocial support systems exist for adolescents with diabetes. Few psychosocial interventions have been tested and shown to be effective in improving the diabetes-related behavior of adolescents. The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of the emotional and developmental needs of adolescents who are newly diagnosed with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and to propose a mentoring program that pairs a qualified, supportive young adult who is knowledgeable about diabetes with a newly diagnosed teenager with a similar socioeconomic background. The trained mentor will provide support to the adolescent regarding diabetes-related issues as well as other issues related to adolescence.
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Serrata, Cynthia A. "Psychosocial Aspects of Parenting a Child with Autism." Journal of Applied Rehabilitation Counseling 43, no. 4 (December 1, 2012): 29–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0047-2220.43.4.29.
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This literature review examines the psychosocial aspects involved in parenting a child with autism. Parenting a child with autism not only has an impact upon the parents' psychological well-being, but the family and marriage systems as well. Research suggests that depression and stress levels are significantly higher in parents of children with autism than in parents of typically developing children. The literature available also shows that there is a negative correlation between stress and marriage quality for parents of children with autism. Financial stress is also common as treatments for autism are typically expensive. These findings suggest the importance of rehabilitation counselors in assessing the social networks and social supports of parents of children with autism, as well as providing them with professional and educational support.
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Barton, Richard. "Psychosocial Rehabilitation Services in Community Support Systems: A Review of Outcomes and Policy Recommendations." Psychiatric Services 50, no. 4 (April 1999): 525–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/ps.50.4.525.
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Samuels, Fiona, Nicola Jones, and Bassam Abu Hamad. "Psychosocial support for adolescent girls in post-conflict settings: beyond a health systems approach." Health Policy and Planning 32, suppl_5 (December 1, 2017): v40—v51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/heapol/czx127.
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Boschen, Kathy, Caroline Phelan, and Sharon Lawn. "NDIS Participants with Psychosocial Disabilities and Life-Limiting Diagnoses: A Scoping Review." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 16 (August 16, 2022): 10144. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191610144.
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This research aimed to map evidence about system supports and gaps for Australians with psychosocial disabilities and life-limiting diagnoses. A scoping review of available policy documents, academic, and grey literature was completed to discover key characteristics of this concept and provide context around the phenomenon. Our focus was on Australia’s National Disability Insurance Scheme (NDIS), a key reform providing support to the disability population nationally. No peer-reviewed or grey literature was retrieved on the phenomena. Therefore, three lines of enquiry were developed: experiences of NDIS participants living with psychosocial disabilities; the death, dying, and palliative care supports and experiences of NDIS participants of any disability type; and the experiences for people living with severe and persistent mental illness (SPMI) and life-limiting diagnoses. Five themes were identified: (1) the person; (2) advocacy; (3) informal supports; (4) formal supports; and (5) existing research. NDIS participants living with SPMI and their informal and formal support systems are still struggling to navigate the NDIS. While there are no specific publications about their end-of-life experiences, people with SPMI often experience poor end-of-life outcomes. Rigorous research into their death, dying, and palliative care experiences is needed to inform improved support to them, including their end-of-life care.
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Craig, Gillian M., Eva Brown Hajdukova, Celia Harding, Chris Flood, Christine McCourt, Diane Sellers, Joy Townsend, et al. "Psychosocial support for families of children with neurodisability who have or are considering a gastrostomy: the G-PATH mixed-methods study." Health Services and Delivery Research 8, no. 38 (October 2020): 1–126. http://dx.doi.org/10.3310/hsdr08380.
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Background Evidence reviews recommend consistent and structured support for children with neurodisability and their caregivers in care pathways in which professionals recommend a gastrostomy feeding tube. To date, and to our knowledge, no research has shown how these recommendations have been implemented. Objectives The objectives were to describe different exemplar models of psychosocial support and provide an estimate of their resources and costs. Design This was a mixed-methods study involving (1) a web-based survey, (2) a qualitative, collective case study of psychosocial support provision in four services and (3) an estimate of costs and preference through a willingness-to-pay study. Setting Four service configurations in different locations in England and Scotland. Participants Participants were staff who responded to a survey (n = 67) and interviewees (staff, n = 58; parents/children, n = 29). Findings Psychosocial support was rarely formalised or documented; it was delivered by different members of the multidisciplinary team, rather than by designated staff, and it was often integrated into appointments dominated by clinical care. Parents expressed different needs for support but reported little opportunity to discuss emotional aspects. Psychologists were not routinely involved and, in general, families were underserved by psychosocial services. Professionals constructed families’ need for psychosocial support in terms of their own roles and the management of risk. Mechanisms for integrating and delivering support were identified, including models of care that linked community and tertiary health services and integrated health and education through pooled budgets. Although generally valued by both staff and parents, peer-to-peer parent support was not consistently offered. Barriers included concerns about confidentiality and appropriately matching parents. Parents participated as members of a feeding committee at one site. Three analytical constructs described the provision of psychosocial support: ‘hidden work’, expressing emotional vulnerability and negotiations around risks and values. The cost-of-support study found that there was a mean of 2.25 appointments (n = 8 parents or carers) over the previous 12 months. The cost of health-care professionals’ time spent on providing psychosocial support ranged from £0.00 to £317.37 per child per year, with an average cost of £76.42, at 2017 prices. In the willingness-to-pay study the median rank of enhanced support, involving the opportunity to see a psychologist and parental peers, was significantly higher than that of usual care (n = 96 respondents, both carers and professionals, who completed rating of the service; p < 0.001). Limitations It proved difficult to disseminate a national survey, which resulted in a small number of returns, and to cost the provision of psychosocial support, which we designated as ‘hidden work’, owing to the lack of recording in clinical systems. Moreover, estimates were based on small numbers. Conclusions Parent interviews and the willingness-to-pay study demonstrated a preference for enhanced psychosocial support. The study suggests that there is a need for services to formally assess families’ needs for psychosocial support to ensure that provision is planned, costed and made explicit in care pathways. Personalised interventions may assist with the targeting of resources and ensuring that there is an appropriate balance in focus on both clinical care and psychosocial support needs in relation to and following treatment. Future work More work is needed to develop tools to assess families’ needs for psychosocial support and the effectiveness of training packages to strengthen team competency in providing support. Funding This project was funded by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Health Services and Delivery Research programme and will be published in full in Health Services and Delivery Research; Vol. 8, No. 38. See the NIHR Journals Library website for further project information.
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Amaratunga, Carol A., and Tracey L. O'Sullivan. "In the Path of Disasters: Psychosocial Issues for Preparedness, Response, and Recovery." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 21, no. 3 (June 2006): 149–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x00003605.
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AbstractThe psychosocial impacts of disasters are profound. In recent years, there have been too many reminders of these impacts and the dire needs of the people involved. The purpose of this article is to present the following themes from the psychosocial literature on disasters and emergency management: (1) differential impacts of disasters according to gender and age; (2) prevention efforts to reduce racial discrimination, rape, and other forms of abuse; (3) readiness for cultural change toward prevention and preparedness; and (4) the need to involve aid beneficiaries as active partners in relief strategies, particularly during reconstruction of communities and critical systems. Psychosocial needs change throughout the disaster cycle, particularly as social support deteriorates over time. It is important to anticipate what psychosocial needs of the public, emergency responders, support staff, and volunteers might emerge, before advancing to the next stage of the disaster. Particular consideration needs to be directed toward differential impacts of disasters based on gender, age, and other vulnerabilities.
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Hughes, Tasha M., John Oldham, and Michelle Riba. "Cancer providers and healthcare delivery systems are downstream benefactors of psychosocial support of cancer patients." Psycho-Oncology 29, no. 12 (September 7, 2020): 2109–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pon.5501.
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Chima, Emmanuel, Amanda Woodward, Anne Hughes, Michele Fritz, Paul Freddolino, Sarah Swierenga, Constantinos Coursaris, and Mathew Reeves. "COMPLEXITY IN PSYCHOSOCIAL INTERVENTIONS: CASE STUDIES FROM A STROKE TRANSITIONS TRIAL." Innovation in Aging 6, Supplement_1 (November 1, 2022): 390–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igac059.1538.
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Abstract The Michigan Stroke Transitions Trial (MISTT) tested whether in-home social work case management (SWCM) or SWCM combined with access to a website providing stoke-related information improved outcomes relative to usual care for patients discharged home post-stroke and their caregivers. The aims of this secondary analysis are 1) to describe the actual support social work case managers (SWCM) provided to MISTT participants and 2) use select case studies to illustrate the relationship between SWCM and quantitative patient and caregiver outcomes. Data for the study were derived from SWCM case notes on 157 patients and their caregivers who received the MISTT intervention. Case notes were coded in two steps with a subset of cases coded by two researchers and reviewed for interrater reliability in each step. The first round of coding was guided by primary SWCM intervention goals. The second round of coding identified SWCM sub-themes within each primary goal. Key themes indicate SWCMs aided with understanding the post-hospitalization period, helped patients navigate a range of systems and services, identified needs and supported patient goals, provided psychosocial support, and centered support on stroke recovery and prevention. Case studies illustrate ways in which SWCM were key supports during the transition period, but that support does not cleanly align with quantitative findings from patient-reported outcomes. This study aligns with a growing body of work documenting the complexity of transitions of care and has implications for how we support patients and caregivers as they move from inpatient to outpatient care and measure outcomes.
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ANDERSON, ROBERT M., PATRICIA A. BARR, GLORIA J. EDWARDS, MARTHA M. FUNNELL, JAMES T. FITZGERALD, and KIMBERLYDAWN WISDOM. "Using Focus Groups to Identify Psychosocial Issues of Urban Black Individuals With Diabetes." Diabetes Educator 22, no. 1 (February 1996): 28–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/014572179602200104.
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The purpose of this focus group research was to identify issues that could serve as topics for a series of educational videos portraying psychosocial issues of urban black individuals with diabetes. Four focus groups involving 34 black adults were conducted in the Detroit area. Psychosocial issues were identified and rated in order of priority by an expert panel. The major psychosocial issues identified were the importance of food and eating in the black culture, the necessity for learning more about diabetes and its complications, learning to interact effectively with healthcare providers and systems, and the need for help and support in managing psychosocial issues related to diabetes. Black individuals with diabetes face unique psychosocial challenges. Focus groups are an effective method for obtaining relevant, culturally specific, in-depth information about living with diabetes from patients who are members of minority groups.
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Decker, Thomas W., and Barbara B. Decker. "Effects of Multiple Sclerosis on Physical and Psychosocial Functioning." Perceptual and Motor Skills 79, no. 2 (October 1994): 753–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1994.79.2.753.
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Significant impairment was measured across the board in the physical, psychosocial, and daily living functions of 24 multiple sclerosis patients. These findings support the need of MS patients for a comprehensive, multidisciplinary treatment approach to all areas affected by MS.
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Paillard-Borg, Stéphanie, Jessica Holmgren, Panu Saaristo, and Eva von Strauss. "Nurses in an Ebola Viral Hemorrhagic Fever Outbreak: Facing and Preparing for Psychosocial Challenges." SAGE Open 10, no. 2 (April 2020): 215824402092065. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2158244020920658.
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The purpose of this study was to describe the psychosocial experience of the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies’ nurses upon their return from deployment at an Ebola Treatment Center during an Ebola virus disease outbreak in Kenema, Sierra Leone, between 2014 and 2015. The following three psychosocial aspects related to pre-, during, and postdeployment were explored: stress management, sociocultural exposure, and attitudes from others. This is a descriptive qualitative study with a cross-sectional design. Questionnaires were administered to 50 nurses, of which 44 responded. Eight themes were identified in relation to the three psychosocial aspects of interest: professional- and self-confidence, pragmatism, wellness activities, human contact, cultural competency, professionalism, pariah, and/or hero. One of the most important findings in this article relates to the essential mental health support pre- and during deployment with an emphasis upon return when the risk of isolation and stigmatization is greater. In conclusion, more research is needed about the psychosocial challenges met by nurses to prepare and support them as increasing threat of emerging infectious diseases puts pressure on global health systems.
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O'Hanlon, Katherine P., and Boris Budosan. "Access to community-based mental healthcare and psychosocial support within a disaster context." BJPsych. International 12, no. 2 (May 2015): 44–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/s2056474000000295.
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After a large-scale humanitarian disaster, 30–50% of victims develop moderate or severe psychological distress. Rates of mild and moderate mental disorders increase by 5–10% and severe disorders by 1–2%. Those with such disorders need access to mental healthcare. Primary care clinics are appropriate due to their easy accessibility and the non-stigmatising environment. There is a consensus among experts that the mental health effects of disaster are best addressed by existing services, that is, through capacity building rather than by establishing parallel systems. Mental health interventions in emergencies should begin with a clear vision for the long-term advancement of community services.
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Jordans, M. J. D., and W. A. Tol. "Mental health and psychosocial support for children in areas of armed conflict: call for a systems approach." BJPsych. International 12, no. 3 (August 2015): 72–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/s2056474000000490.
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This paper focuses on the question of whether separate attention to children who have faced specific conflict-related events is justified, or whether the scarce resources for mental health should be spent on the development of services for children more broadly in low- and middle-income countries (where most contemporary armed conflicts are taking place). It is argued that a systems approach to mental health and psychosocial support for children is warranted.
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Cobner, Rhiannon, Pamela Arroyo-Jarrin, Charlotte Christiansen, Katherine Freeman, Debbie Mills, and Katie Perry. "‘Opening doors: A summary of innovative preventative ways of working with the community in South Wales’." Clinical Psychology Forum 1, no. 357 (September 2022): 30–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.53841/bpscpf.2022.1.357.30.
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We are a Community Psychology team working within and across communities in Gwent to support children’s wellbeing and resilience. We work with a range of different sectors and organisations to support psychosocial ways of understanding distress as well as working with systems to support cultural change and mental health. Through a co-production approach, we aim to create the conditions for people to achieve their own change. We talk about five examples of our work.
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Blasingame, Miaya, Veronica Mallett, Mekeila Cook, Wansoo Im, Derek Wilus, Robin Kimbrough, Gini Ikwuezunma, et al. "Association of Psychosocial Factors on COVID-19 Testing among YWCA Service Recipients." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no. 2 (January 11, 2023): 1297. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20021297.
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The purpose of this study was to examine how psychosocial factors affect receipt of COVID-19 testing among Black and Hispanic women. In this cross-sectional study of Black and Hispanic women who received services from the YWCAs in Atlanta, El Paso, Nashville, and Tucson between 2019 and 2021 (n = 662), we used Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information Systems (PROMIS) item bank 1.0 short forms to examine the impact of psychosocial factors (i.e., depression, anxiety, social isolation, instrumental support, emotional support, and companionship) on COVID-19 testing. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for receipt of a COVID-19 test associated with psychosocial factors while adjusting for confounders. There was little effect of moderate/severe depressions or anxiety on receipt of COVID-19 testing. Black (odds ratio [OR] 0.58, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.26–1.29) and Hispanic (OR 0.61, 95% CI 0.38–0.96) women with high levels of emotional support were less likely to receive the COVID-19 test. While high levels of instrumental support was associated with less likely receipt of the COVID-19 test among Black women (OR 0.75, 95% CI 0.34–1.66), it was associated with more likely receipt among Hispanic women (OR 1.19, 95% CI 0.74–1.92). Our findings suggest that certain psychosocial factors influence one’s decision to get a COVID-19 test which can be useful in encouraging preventive healthcare such as screening and vaccination.
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Lephoto, Malephoto Niko Ruth, and Dipane Hlalele. "School-based Psychosocial Support: Asset-based Approach for Positioning Guidance and Counselling as a Core Component." Journal of Education, Teaching and Social Studies 3, no. 3 (November 22, 2021): p72. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/jetss.v3n3p72.
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The necessity for school-based psychosocial support (SBPSS) provision has become a fundamental issue in global education systems. However, for many schools in Lesotho, and in other Sub-Saharan countries, there seem to be no clarity on the position of guidance and counselling (GC) in school psychosocial support (PSS) undertakings. This paper considers G/C as an essential component of psychosocial support provision in schools, and argues that G/C should be well positioned so that it becomes the core component of PSS activities. The paper intents to address issues raised by international research that against the backdrop of ever increasing complex societal challenges that impact negatively on school going population and school life in general, there is need strengthen G/C as part of PSS activities. The interplay of the various challenges often makes the adverse experiences more complex, subsequently causing adjustment disorders among students. Underpinned by asset-based approach and relational leadership theory, this study employed qualitative semi-structured questionnaires, online free attitude interviews and focus group discussions to explore teachers’ perspectives on possibilities for positioning GC as the core component of SBPSS. This study uncovered various factors contributing to undecided position of GC. The study concluded that schools need to tap into asset-based approach to strategically position GC in SBPSS undertakings.
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Chowdhury. "A Critical Review of Climate Change Induced Psychosocial Impacts and Options for Strengthening Social Support Systems." American Journal of Environmental Sciences 7, no. 4 (April 1, 2011): 316–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3844/ajessp.2011.316.330.
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Cronin, SN, C. Logsdon, and V. Miracle. "Psychosocial and functional outcomes in women after coronary artery bypass surgery." Critical Care Nurse 17, no. 2 (April 1, 1997): 19–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4037/ccn1997.17.2.19.
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In this longitudinal study of women after CABS, the women were coping admirably with good psychosocial and functional outcomes up to 3 months postoperatively. It is suggested that women be instructed how to find and use their support systems and be told that most women do well and return to normal activities of daily living after CABS.
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Gbadamosi, Oluseyi Folakemi, and Jane Roli Adebusuyi. "Socio-demographic Determinants of Women’s Adjustment to Midlife Crisis in Selected Local Government Areas in Oyo State, Nigeria." Nigerian Journal of Sociology and Anthropology 20, no. 2 (December 31, 2022): 106–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.36108/njsa/2202.02.0280.
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The incidence of midlife crises and the negative consequences on the well-being of middle-aged women is on the increase while their ability to cope differs. This study examines the socio-demographic factors that influence women’s adjustment to the midlife crisis in selected local government areas of Oyo state, Nigeria. Also, it elucidates the support systems in dealing with psychosocial issues associated with a midlife crisis. The study was anchored on Erikson’s Psychosocial Theory and Levinson’s Stage-crisis view. The descriptive research design was adopted, and multistage and purposive sampling techniques were used to select the local governments and the participants for the study. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire administered to 165 women. Hypotheses were tested using descriptive statistics and One-way ANOVA. The findings reveal that the onset of midlife crisis among women was significant among women aged 45 to 54 at 55.76%. Income status has a significant impact on women during the midlife crisis as participants with higher income (above #200,000) adjusted better. Participants who received support from the immediate family significantly adjusted better than those who received support from other support systems F (3,161) = 12.417, p < .01]. This study established that the age of onset of a midlife crisis, higher regular income, and adequate system of support from the immediate family were significant factors for women’s adjustment during a midlife crisis. This study recommends the creation of awareness of the reality of the midlife crisis and the implementation of policies and programs as well as the provision of adequate support systems for women.
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Falloon, Ian R. H., Charles Brooker, and Victor Graham-Hole. "Psychosocial Interventions for Schizophrenia." Behaviour Change 9, no. 4 (December 1992): 238–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0813483900006161.
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During the past decade there has been a major advance in clinical management of schizophrenic disorders (Falloon & Shanahan, 1990; Lam, 1991; Schooler & Hogarty, 1987). This has resulted from application of strategies based upon a vulnerability-stress model of mental disorders. This considers mental disorders to result from interactions between specific biological vulnerability and non-specific environmental stresses (Falloon & Fadden, 1993).Therapeutic interventions derived from this model combine biomedical strategies, predominantly optimal pharmacotherapy, with psychosocial strategies that aim to enhance the capacity of the index patient and his/her social network to cope with the impact of environmental stresses on the course of the disorder. Ten controlled studies have been published since 1980 that meet minimal standards of research design, with follow-up for at least 1 year (Bellack, Turner, Hersen, & Luber, 1985; Falloon, 1985; Gunderson et al., 1984; Hogarty et al., 1986; Leff, Kuipers, Berkowitz, Eberlein-Fries, & Sturgeon, 1982; Leff et al., 1989; Malm, 1982; McFarlane, 1990; Tarrier et al., 1988; Wallace & Liberman, 1985). Nine also provided 2-year results. Overall, these studies show that the addition of psychosocial strategies to optimal case management and long-term drug prophylaxis halves the rate of major clinical exacerbations in people suffering from schizophrenia. This benefit is most notable during the first year after a major schizophrenic episode, particularly when the psychosocial interventions encompass patients' immediate social support systems, usually the family or marital household (Falloon, 1985; Hogarty et al., 1986; Leff et al., 1982; Leff et al., 1989; McFarlane, 1990; Tarrier et al., 1988).
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Gluschkoff, K., J. J. Hakanen, M. Elovainio, J. Vänskä, and T. Heponiemi. "The relative importance of work-related psychosocial factors in physician burnout." Occupational Medicine 72, no. 1 (November 3, 2021): 28–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/occmed/kqab147.
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Abstract Background Identifying the most significant risk factors for physician burnout can help to define the priority areas for burnout prevention. However, not much is known about the relative importance of these risk factors. Aims This study was aimed to examine the relative importance of multiple work-related psychosocial factors in predicting burnout dimensions among physicians. Methods In a cross-sectional sample of 2423 Finnish physicians, dominance analysis was used to estimate the proportionate contribution of psychosocial factors to emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and reduced personal accomplishment. The psychosocial factors included job demands (time pressure, patient-related stress, lack of support, stress related to information systems, work–family conflict) and job resources (job control, team climate, organizational justice). Results Together, psychosocial factors explained 50% of the variance in emotional exhaustion, 24% in depersonalization and 11% in reduced professional efficacy. Time pressure was the most important predictor of emotional exhaustion (change in total variance explained ΔR2 = 45%), and patient-related stress was the most important predictor of both depersonalization (ΔR2 = 52%) and reduced professional accomplishment (ΔR2 = 23%). Stress related to information systems was the least important predictor of the burnout dimensions (ΔR2 = 1–2%). Conclusions Psychosocial factors in physicians’ work are differently associated with the dimensions of burnout. Among the factors, the most significant correlates of burnout are job demands in the form of time pressure and patient-related stress.
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Holmes, Laurens, Chinacherem Chinaka, Hikma Elmi, Kerti Deepika, Lavisha Pelaez, Michael Enwere, Olumuyiwa Akinola, and Kirk Dabney. "Implication of Spiritual Network Support System in Epigenomic Modulation and Health Trajectory." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 21 (October 25, 2019): 4123. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16214123.
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With challenges in understanding the multifactorial etiologies of disease and individual treatment effect heterogeneities over the past four decades, much has been acquired on how physical, chemical and social environments affect human health, predisposing certain subpopulations to adverse health outcomes, especially the socio-environmentally disadvantaged (SED). Current translational data on gene and adverse environment interaction have revealed how adverse gene–environment interaction, termed aberrant epigenomic modulation, translates into impaired gene expression via messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) dysregulation, reflecting abnormal protein synthesis and hence dysfunctional cellular differentiation and maturation. The environmental influence on gene expression observed in most literature includes physical, chemical, physicochemical and recently social environment. However, data are limited on spiritual or religious environment network support systems, which reflect human psychosocial conditions and gene interaction. With this limited information, we aimed to examine the available data on spiritual activities characterized by prayers and meditation for a possible explanation of the nexus between the spiritual network support system (SNSS) as a component of psychosocial conditions, implicated in social signal transduction, and the gene expression correlate. With the intent to incorporate SNSS in human psychosocial conditions, we assessed the available data on bereavement, loss of spouse, loneliness, social isolation, low socio-economic status (SES), chronic stress, low social status, social adversity (SA) and early life stress (ELS), as surrogates for spiritual support network connectome. Adverse human psychosocial conditions have the tendency for impaired gene expression through an up-regulated conserved transcriptional response to adversity (CTRA) gene expression via social signal transduction, involving the sympathetic nervous system (SNS), beta-adrenergic receptors, the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and the glucocorticoid response. This review specifically explored CTRA gene expression and the nuclear receptor subfamily 3 group C member 1 (NR3C1) gene, a glucocorticoid receptor gene, in response to stress and the impaired negative feedback, given allostatic overload as a result of prolonged and sustained stress and social isolation as well as the implied social interaction associated with religiosity. While more remains to be investigated on psychosocial and immune cell response and gene expression, current data on human models do implicate appropriate gene expression via the CTRA and NR3C1 gene in the SNSS as observed in meditation, yoga and thai-chi, implicated in malignant neoplasm remission. However, prospective epigenomic studies in this context are required in the disease causal pathway, prognosis and survival, as well as cautious optimism in the application of these findings in clinical and public health settings, due to unmeasured and potential confoundings implicated in these correlations.
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O’gallo, Brian Ochieng’. "A Study of the Relationship between the Quality of Social Support System and Drug Use among Street Children in Starehe Sub-County, Nairobi County Kenya." African Journal of Empirical Research 3, no. 1 (July 9, 2022): 60–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.51867/ajernet3.1.6.
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The study aimed at examining the relationship between the quality of the social support system and drug use among street children in Starehe Sub-County, Nairobi County Kenya. The specific objectives of the study were to: explore the relationship between psychosocial health and drug use among street children and the relationship between the quality of social support system and drug use among street children in Starehe Sub-County, Nairobi County Kenya. This study adopted the correlational research design. Data were collected from 100 street children. These were sampled using cluster and simple random sampling techniques from a target population of 30,000 in Starehe Sub-County of Nairobi County. In addition, data was collected from purposively sampled four officials from the Starehe Children's Office, eight officials of NGO/FBO operating in the sub-county, 1 sub-county administrator, and 4 ward administrators from the Sub-County. The qualitative data collected using questionnaires were analyzed using descriptive statistics like mean, percentage, and frequencies, as well as inferential statistics such as Pearson correlation and regression analysis. The findings obtained were presented using charts and tables. The qualitative data collected using interviews were analyzed thematically. The findings were then presented in prose. The findings show that the independent variables are psychosocial health and quality of social support. Pearson correlation showed that there was a significant relationship between drug use and all the independent variables (psychosocial health, r=0.503, p<0.05 and quality of social support system, r=0.538, p<0.05. The findings show that the measures put in place to enhance the mental health of street children made had significant influences on their drug use. Strengthening the existing social support systems meant that street children could get the support needed to steer them away from drug use. The study recommends that it is important to promote the social support systems in the Starehe sub-county. There is also a need to provide street children with homes to reduce exposure to stressful conditions that could lead to mental health problems.
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Mahabeer, Manorunjunie. "Student Teachers' Expectations of Psychosocial and School Adjustment of Boys from Divorced, Widowed, and Intact Families." South African Journal of Psychology 16, no. 2 (June 1986): 62–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/008124638601600204.
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This study examined student teachers' expectations of adjustment of boys from father-absent and intact families. Subjects' expectations of boys from intact families were significantly more positive than of boys from widowed families. Expectations of the latter, in turn, were significantly more positive than of boys from divorced families. Psychological services and social support systems were perceived as being more important than remedial instruction for pupils from the father-absent homes. Psychological services and social support systems were more strongly recommended for pupils from divorced families than for those from widowed families. The results are discussed in terms of their theoretical and practical implications.
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Chow, Angela, David C. B. Lye, and Onyebuchi A. Arah. "Psychosocial determinants of physicians’ acceptance of recommendations by antibiotic computerised decision support systems: A mixed methods study." International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents 45, no. 3 (March 2015): 295–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2014.10.009.
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Poon, Leonard W., Peter Martin, Alex Bishop, Jinmyoung Cho, Grace da Rosa, Neha Deshpande, Robert Hensley, et al. "Understanding Centenarians' Psychosocial Dynamics and Their Contributions to Health and Quality of Life." Current Gerontology and Geriatrics Research 2010 (2010): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/680657.
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While it is understood that longevity and health are influenced by complex interactions among biological, psychological, and sociological factors, there is a general lack of understanding on how psychosocial factors impact longevity, health, and quality of life among the oldest old. One of the reasons for this paradox is that the amount of funded research on aging in the US is significantly larger in the biomedical compared to psychosocial domains. The goals of this paper are to highlight recent data to demonstrate the impact of four pertinent psychosocial domains on health and quality of life of the oldest old and supplement recommendations of the 2001 NIA Panel on Longevity for future research. The four domains highlighted in this paper are (1) demographics, life events, and personal history, (2) personality, (3) cognition, and (4) socioeconomic resources and support systems.
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Cameron, Linda D., Roger J. Booth, Melanie Schlatter, Danute Ziginskas, John E. Harman, and Stephen Benson. "#16 What influences decisions to attend group psychosocial support programs for women with breast cancer." Brain, Behavior, and Immunity 19, no. 4 (July 2005): e8-e9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2005.10.022.
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Fagbami, Oluwakemi, Adetokunbo Oluwasanjo, Carrie Fitzpatrick, Rebecca Fairchild, Ann Shin, and Anthony Donato. "Factors Supporting and Inhibiting Adherence to HIV Medication Regimen in Women: A Qualitative Analysis of Patient Interviews." Open AIDS Journal 9, no. 1 (May 15, 2015): 45–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874613601509010045.
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Adherence to antiretroviral therapy reduces morbidity and mortality; however rates of non-adherence are variable among women for unclear reasons. This study was a single-center qualitative analysis of interviews with 18 female HIV-positive non-adherent patients (defined by virologic failure) to explore psychosocial factors impacting adherence. Factors identified were categorized as promoting, inhibiting or having no effect on adherence. Three themes, characterized as social factors, illness factors and other societal pressures, were identified. Medical systems support, family support and compliance for children were most commonly identified as promoting adherence, while psychiatric comorbidities, lack of medical systems support and side effects were identified most often as inhibitors of adherence. While stigma was frequently identified, it was not seen as a barrier to adherence. Enhancing relationships between patients and their providers as well as their community support systems are critical avenues to pursue in improving compliance. Interventions to promote compliance are important avenues of future research.
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Renwick, Kelly Ann, Claudia Sanmartin, Kaberi Dasgupta, Lea Berrang-Ford, and Nancy Ross. "The Influence of Psychosocial Factors on Hospital Length of Stay Among Aging Canadians." Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine 8 (January 2022): 233372142211384. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/23337214221138442.
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Background: Hospital stays that are prolonged due to non-clinical factors are costly to health care systems and are likely suboptimal for patient well-being. We assessed the influence of psychosocial factors on hospital length of stay (LOS) for older Canadians in a retrospective cohort study. Data and Methods: Data from the Canadian Community Health Survey were linked with the Discharge Abstract Database. Analyses were stratified by age, 55–64 ( n = 1,060) and 65 and older ( n = 2,718). Main predictor variables of interest included four measures of social support, sense of belonging, and living alone. Multivariate models of LOS adjusted for age, sex, income, smoking, and frailty. Results: Among the younger respondents, low positive social interactions, low emotional/informational support, and living alone were associated with a longer LOS. Among respondents 65 and older, low affection, low positive social interactions, low emotional/informational support, and a weak sense of belonging were associated with a longer LOS. Discussion: Having low social support is associated with longer hospital stays in this Canadian cohort. Social support may influence LOS as risk factors for poor health and precarious care in the community. Mitigating these risk factors could reduce the economic burden that is played out through longer hospital stays.
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Rivera Rivera, Nadya Y., Laura McGuinn, Erika Osorio-Valencia, Sandra Martinez-Medina, Lourdes Schnaas, Rosalind J. Wright, Martha Maria Téllez-Rojo, Robert O. Wright, Marcela Tamayo-Ortiz, and Maria José Rosa. "Changes in Depressive Symptoms, Stress and Social Support in Mexican Women during the COVID-19 Pandemic." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 16 (August 19, 2021): 8775. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18168775.
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The aim of this study was to examine changes in depression, stress and social support levels before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in women living in Mexico City. We studied 466 women enrolled in the Programming Research in Obesity, Growth, Environment and Social Stressors (PROGRESS) study who completed the Edinburgh Depression Scale (EDS) questionnaire prior (2018–2019) and during the lockdown period of the pandemic (May–November 2020). Psychosocial stress and social support for both time periods were ascertained using the Crisis in Family Systems (CRISYS) questionnaire and the Social Support Network (SSN) Scale, respectively. Associations between stress, social support and change in EDS score/depression were analyzed using generalized linear models adjusting for covariates. Higher stress (>median) during the pandemic was associated with an increase in EDS score (β: 2.13; 95% CI (1.06, 3.19), p < 0.001), and higher odds of depression (OR: 3.75; 95% CI (2.17, 6.50), p < 0.001), while social support was associated with lower odds of depression (OR: 0.56, 95% CI (0.32, 0.97), p = 0.037). Higher levels of stress during the pandemic were associated with depression. Social support may act as a buffer for the effects of psychosocial stress. Future studies should examine the long-term effects of stress associated with the pandemic on mental and overall health.
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Becker, T., U. Guehne, and S. Riedel-Heller. "Evidence-based psychosocial measures in rehabilitation." European Psychiatry 33, S1 (March 2016): S6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.01.786.
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BackgroundPsychosocial interventions are essential tools in mental health care and rehabilitation. A range of interventions relevant to rehabilitation that are covered in a German DGPPN S3 guideline on psychosocial interventions are discussed.MethodsLiterature search and (mostly) systematic reviews were performed for a range of psychosocial interventions.FindingsMilieu therapy (MT) includes measures that impinge on therapeutic milieu/atmosphere in joint professional/user groups in the course of treatment. MT provides a context in which psychosocial interventions can be implemented. There is evidence of its effectiveness in improving mental health outcomes. Peer involvement (PI) and peer support are supported by promising evidence as innovative interventions in mental health care. Findings on case management (CM) are inconsistent. There are difficulties in defining CM. CM strengths include treatment satisfaction and continuity of care. With respect to integration in the labour market for people with severe mental illness supported employment (SE) has been shown to be more effective in achieving job placement. A proportion of SE users fail to find jobs on the general labour market. Other types of work rehabilitation are required, and there is room for pre-vocational training interventions.DiscussionPsychosocial interventions are strong interventions. The strength of the evidence is varied. The use of psychosocial interventions rests on experience, evidence and ethics.ConclusionsPsychosocial interventions are indispensable in building mental health care systems. Vocational interventions and residential services are mandatory. Peer involvement could help in moving mental health services forward.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
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Ward, Rebecca E., I. Made Agus Setiawan, Eleanor Quinby, Melva Fair, Zara Ambadar, Bambang Parmanto, and Brad E. Dicianno. "Mobile Health to Support Community-Integration of Individuals With Disabilities Using iMHere 2.0: Focus Group Study." JMIR Human Factors 9, no. 1 (March 4, 2022): e31376. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/31376.
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Background Mobile health (mHealth) systems that support self-management can improve medical, functional, and psychosocial outcomes for individuals with disabilities and chronic conditions. The mHealth systems can potentially be expanded to support community integration. Objective The purposes of this study were to (1) partner with a community-based organization that supports community integration of individuals with disabilities; (2) identify software requirements needed to support community participation; and (3) iteratively refine an existing mHealth application to include new requirements. Methods Community Living and Support Services (CLASS), a nonprofit organization that serves individuals with disabilities in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, was identified as the focus group for this study. Key stakeholders within the Community Partners Program at CLASS proposed design requirements for an existing mHealth application, Interactive Mobile Health and Rehabilitation (iMHere) 2.0, that has been used to support self-management. Results We gathered qualitative data from a focus group composed of CLASS members to develop and iteratively revise iMHere 2.0 to include new modules and features to support community integration. A caregiver app was also developed. The new system contains features to support finance, transportation, client and caregiver communication, calendar and checklist management, upcoming medical and nonmedical appointments, social engagement, pain management, and access to a personal profile. Modifications were made to the following existing modules: education, mood, personal health record, goals, medications, and nutrition. Conclusions A successful partnership with a community-based organization that supports individuals with disabilities resulted in a newly designed mHealth system with features to support community integration.
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Booth, Roger J., Linda D. Cameron, Melanie Schlatter, Danute Ziginskas, and John E. Harman. "#9 Effect of a psychosocial support intervention on NK cell numbers in women with breast cancer." Brain, Behavior, and Immunity 19, no. 4 (July 2005): e5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2005.10.015.
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Wu, Wei-Wen, Shu-Yuan Liang, Gung-Yi Hung, Shao-Yu Tsai, and Tzu-Ying Lee. "The experiences of adolescents with osteosarcoma during the one-year of treatment in Taiwan." Journal of Child Health Care 20, no. 4 (July 26, 2016): 473–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1367493515616203.
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Osteosarcoma (OS) typically occurs during puberty. The one-year treatment for OS can be very challenging. However, little empirical research has explored the experiences of adolescents with OS. This research explored the experiences of Taiwanese adolescents with OS, utilizing a qualitative inductive content analysis with in-depth interviews and field notes that captured interviewer observations. In total, 20 participants—aged between 10 and 19 years and being treated for OS—were recruited. Ten categories were extracted: disbelief, hope for recovery and maintaining body integrity, experience with physical symptoms, inappropriate sleep hygiene, experience of psychosocial distress, use of spirituality to recover from misfortune, information acquisition, preparation to return to school, interdependence, and dedication to hope of recovery. This is the first empirical qualitative study to explore the experiences of Taiwanese adolescents with OS during treatment since being diagnosed. Close surveillance of the compliance in rehabilitation and physical function is needed. Providing age-appropriate and culture-oriented support systems would be helpful for addressing their psychosocial difficulties. Social networking sites closely moderated by health professionals may be a feasible way enhancing psychosocial well-being. Conducting a descriptive exploratory qualitative study for further development of psychosocial supportive care interventions is recommended.
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Okonji, Emeka Francis, Brian van Wyk, Gail D. Hughes, and Ferdinand C. Mukumbang. "Psychosocial Support Programme Improves Adherence and Health Systems Experiences for Adolescents on Antiretroviral Therapy in Mpumalanga Province, South Africa." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 23 (November 22, 2022): 15468. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192315468.
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(1) Background: Psychosocial support (PSS) plays a significant role in persistent adherence to and retention in antiretroviral therapy (ART) for adolescents living with the human immunodeficiency virus (ALHIV). This paper qualitatively explores the experiences of ALHIV on ART, who participated in a PSS programme in five public primary healthcare facilities in Mpumalanga Province in South Africa during the COVID-19 pandemic. (2) Methods: Data were collected through 24 focus group discussions with 173 ALHIV on ART and subjected to inductive thematic analysis. Informed consent was obtained before all data collection. (3) Results: The PSS programme facilitated the process of full HIV disclosure to these adolescents with the support of parents/guardians while motivating adherence through peer support groups and health education for improved treatment literacy. Participants reported positive health systems experiences, improved healthcare provider–client relations, and prompt access to health services. (4) Conclusions: The PSS programme successfully kept ALHIV engaged in ART care despite the health service disruptions encountered during the COVID-19 pandemic. We recommend rigorous evaluation of the effects of the PSS intervention on adherence to and retention in ART among ALHIV in HIV-endemic settings.
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Kaljee, Linda, Kelvin Munjile, Anitha Menon, Stephen Tembo, Xiaoming Li, Liying Zhang, Jacob Malungo, Bonita Stanton, and Lisa Langhaug. "The ‘Teachers Diploma Program’ in Zambian Government Schools: A Baseline Qualitative Assessment of Teachers’ and Students’ Strengths and Challenges in the Context of a School-Based Psychosocial Support Program." International Education Studies 10, no. 2 (January 30, 2017): 92. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ies.v10n2p92.
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In Zambia, as elsewhere throughout sub-Saharan Africa, orphaned and vulnerable children (OVC) face multiple physical, emotional, social and psychological challenges which often negatively affect opportunities for educational attainment. REPSSI (Regional Psychosocial Support Initiative), in collaboration with, the University of Cape Town and other African academic institutions, developed the Teachers’ Diploma Program as part of the Mainstreaming Psychosocial Care and Support into Education Systems to provide teachers and school administrators with the knowledge and skills to provide needed support to students and enhance their learning environments. During initial implementation of the Teachers’ Diploma Program in Zambia (2013-2016), qualitative data was collected as a part of larger outcomes and process evaluation. In the current paper, these qualitative data are presented to describe baseline challenges and strengths within the Zambian government school system and early indicators of change during the first ten months of program implementation. These in-depth data provide both teachers’ and students’ experiences and perspectives and are being utilized to further strengthen the Teachers’ Diploma Program as the Zambian Ministry of Education, Science, Vocational Training and Early Childhood moves forward with plans to implement the training at a national level in colleges of teacher education.
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Stewart, Greig M., and Barry C. Gregory. "Themes of a Long-Term AIDS Support Group for Gay Men." Counseling Psychologist 24, no. 2 (April 1996): 285–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011000096242009.
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Support groups are established psychosocial treatment modalties in which clients address issues resulting from particular problems or diagnoses. In the past decade, the support group format has been widely adopted by community health clinics for persons diagnosed with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). As mainstream health systems assist more people with AlDS, initial expertise developed from the gay and lesbian health care response to the human immunodeficiency virus (HIR believed to be the cause of AlDS) provides valuable information for all health care practitioners. This discussion of a long-term (5-year) AIDS support group examines 6 content themes: marginity,making choices, coping with the emotional roller coaster, premature confrontation of life issues, living with a chronic illness versus dying with a terminal disease, and death and dying. The authors inform their observations through examining the support group literature for persons living with HIV and other chronic or terminal illnesses.
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Glare, Paul, Sarah Overton, and Karin Aubrey. "Transition from acute to chronic pain: where cells, systems and society meet." Pain Management 10, no. 6 (November 2020): 421–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2217/pmt-2019-0039.
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Current treatments for chronic pain are often ineffective. At the same as searching for novel therapeutics, there is growing interest in preventing acute pain becoming chronic. While the field is still in its infancy, its knowledge base is increasingly expanding. Certainly, biomedical factors, for example, the type of tissue damage, are important but they are often not modifiable. Psychosocial risk factors (e.g., thoughts and beliefs about pain, mood, social support, workplace problems) are modifiable. There is an increasing body of research that cognitive behavioral therapy can prevent transition. Internet-based delivery of cognitive behavioral therapy improves access. Clinicians need to be aware that they may inadvertently promote pain chronification in their patients by what they say and do.
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Chuong Hock, Ting, Tan Joo Siang, Chan Wan Xin, and Voon Siok Ping. "Psychosocial Intervention in Response to COVID-19 Pandemic in Sarawak." Malaysian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities (MJSSH) 7, no. 8 (August 29, 2022): e001678. http://dx.doi.org/10.47405/mjssh.v7i8.1678.
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In the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, the world has been anticipating a greater need for mental health and psychosocial support with the rise in mental health issues when facing many struggles and uncertainties, testing the limits of our current health care system. In this paper, we aim to present a general view of the psychosocial support implemented in Sarawak during the COVID-19 pandemic from the lens of different socio-ecological systems in Sarawak which include the healthcare system, community organizations, and the policy makers. Firstly, this paper provides an overview of the COVID-19 situation in Sarawak in general for the past year. Worth to mention, Sarawak was the first state in Malaysia recorded fatality case resulted from COVID-19 and this inevitably triggered strong negative emotional response during the initial stage of the pandemic. Secondly, the combined efforts initiated by the local state government, the state health departments, several general hospitals and major health clinics were addressed. The delivery of health care service had to be modified according to the strict preventive and social distancing measures recommended by the public health system, including the shift of conventional service to the provision of tele-counselling and psychological first aid. Also, the COVID-19 pandemic and its impact on mental health has brought the politicians’ attention. Lastly, the challenges faced in dealing with the mental health services during the COVID-19 pandemic and the potential paths of the mental health movement were discussed.
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Teahan, Áine, Attracta Lafferty, Eilish McAuliffe, Amanda Phelan, Liam O’Sullivan, Diarmuid O’Shea, Emma Nicholson, and Gerard Fealy. "Psychosocial Interventions for Family Carers of People With Dementia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis." Journal of Aging and Health 32, no. 9 (January 19, 2020): 1198–213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0898264319899793.
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Objective:This study aimed to review and synthesize findings of the effectiveness of psychosocial interventions aimed at improving outcomes for family carers of people with dementia. Method: A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. We systematically searched the following databases: Cochrane, PubMed, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), PsycInfo, Excerpta Medica Database (EMBASE), and Applied Social Sciences Index and Abstracts (ASSIA). RevMan 5 software was used to conduct meta-analysis and subgroup analysis using a random-effects model. Results: The search yielded 22 high-quality intervention articles that were suitable for further meta-analysis. Meta-analysis revealed that psychosocial interventions have a small to moderate significant effect on carer burden (standardized mean difference [SMD] = −0.34, confidence interval [CI] = [−0.59, −0.09]), depression (SMD = −0.36, CI = [−0.60, −0.13]), and general health (SMD = 0.34, CI = [0.18, 0.51]). Discussion: Psychosocial interventions had a positive impact on carer outcomes; however, these results should be interpreted with caution, given the significant level of heterogeneity in study designs. Future research could examine contextual and implementation mechanisms underlying psychosocial interventions to develop effective support systems for family carers of people with dementia.
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Reed, Stephanie J., and Mary Ann Merz. "Integrated Service Teams in Psychiatric Rehabilitation: A Strategy for Improving Employment Outcomes and Increasing Funding." Journal of Applied Rehabilitation Counseling 31, no. 4 (December 1, 2000): 40–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0047-2220.31.4.40.
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As best practices in psychiatric rehabilitation call for integrated mental health and vocational services, the financial climate demands creative use of multiple funding streams. Rehabilitation providers are faced with the essential challenge of developing systems to efficiently meet complex service needs with complex funding mechanisms. Independence Center, a clubhouse model psychiatric rehabilitation program in St. Louis, Missouri, has implemented a new team approach, which involves cross-training all program staff to facilitate the integration of mental health and vocational services. The goal of this system redesign was to create teams of staff and members that together provide a broad range of services, including intensive community support/case management, psychosocial rehabilitation, peer support, transitional employment, job development, and long-term employment supports. Benefits and challenges to practitioners and consumers in the new structure are described. Initial outcomes are presented along with recommendations for improving service quality and optimizing use of funding sources.
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Claes, S., D. van West, J. Del-Favero, and D. Deboutte. "Stress Responsivity in Childhood and Adulthood: Role of the Glucocorticoid Receptor Gene." European Psychiatry 24, S1 (January 2009): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(09)70537-1.
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Aims:Prenatal stress has been associated with lifelong disturbances in stress response systems and with an increased vulnerability for psychiatric disorders. However, the effect of prenatal stress is at least partially determined by individual genetic makeup. Recent data confim the potential role of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) gene in modulating stress response and in the liability to develop mood disorders. In genetic association studies, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the GR gene were linked to variation in stress response systems (1). In a preliminary investigation, we studied 106 prepubertal children to estimate the impact of four GR gene polymorphisms on cortisol responses after a psychosocial stress test.Results:Carriers of the ER22/23EK mutation displayed significant lower cortisol responses to psychosocial stress compared to noncarriers. This particular polymorphism has earlier been associated to the vulnerability to develop MDD by our own research group (2) and independently by another publication (3).Conclusion:These findings support the relevance of GR gene polymorphisms in general and of the ER22/23EK polymorphism in particular in HPA axis regulation and in the vulnerability for psychiatric disorders.
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Alexander, Elise S., Moira O’Connor, and Georgia K. B. Halkett. "The Psychosocial Effect of Parental Cancer: Qualitative Interviews with Patients’ Dependent Children." Children 10, no. 1 (January 15, 2023): 171. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children10010171.
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Background: Children living with parental cancer are at an increased risk for various psychosocial, emotional, and behavioural problems. However, research regarding how children are affected by their parent’s diagnosis is still developing and patients’ children are typically invisible in clinical practice. This study aimed to investigate how children are affected by their parent’s cancer diagnosis, from children’s perspectives. Methods: Informed by methods of grounded theory and embedded within a social constructivist framework, twelve children (ranging from 5 to 17 years) living with a parent with cancer were interviewed using a semi-structured format assisted by a novel approach derived from play- and art-based developmental literature. Results: Findings indicate that patients’ children are constantly worried and distressed, and there are barriers that can be overcome to mitigate this. Four overarching themes were identified: (I) Feeling worried and distressed; (II) Comprehending their parent’s cancer diagnosis; (III) Being disconnected from their supports; and (IV) Needing someone to talk to. Conclusions: Children experience considerable levels of ongoing worry and distress when a parent is diagnosed with cancer and have difficulties comprehending and articulating this. They also feel a level of disconnection from their usual support systems (e.g., parents) and are limited regarding who they can seek out and talk to. Mitigating children’s ongoing worries and distress by promoting the availability and accessibility of parents and other supports to children, and reducing communication barriers between children and adults, should be a primary focus of psycho-oncology research and practice.
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Alavi, Zohreh, Fardin Alipour, and Hassan Rafiey. "Psychosocial Issues of Retirement in Iran: A Qualitative Study." Salmand 15, no. 4 (January 1, 2021): 396–409. http://dx.doi.org/10.32598/sija.15.4.2879.1.
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Objectives: Retirement is a potentially challenging event in old age that has different effects on older people’s lives. This study aims to identify the psychosocial consequences, barriers, and facilitators of adaption to retirement in Iran. Methods & Materials: In this study, we used conventional content analysis. The samples consisted of 22 people with experience or expertise in the field of retirement, who were selected by maximum diversity and purposeful sampling strategy Data were collected through semi-structured interviews from February 2019 to September 2019. Graneheim and Lundman's approach was used for data analysis. Results: Of 22 participants, 59% were male and 41% were female. Four main categories and 13 sub-categories were extracted covering different psychosocial aspects of adaption to retirement Including: Psychosocial challenges (emotional deprivation, reduced psychological resilience, role loss, social isolation, and family challenges), post-retirement development (developing interests and activities, and feeling of being free), barriers to retirement adaptation (health problems, lack of a retirement plan, and macro-structural deficiencies), and contextual/supportive facilitators (individual characteristics, job characteristics, and social support systems). Conclusion: After retirement, people face psychosocial challenges or opportunities for development. In the meantime, some barriers and facilitators can affect adaption to retirement. Therefore, preparation for retirement is an important issue in the field of gerontology services. Elderly care providers and health professionals can benefit from the finding of this study in their interventions to promote the psychosocial well-being of retirees and their families.
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Stutts, Amy, and Johanna Schloemann. "Life-Sustaining Support: Ethical, Cultural, and Spiritual Conflicts Part II: Staff Support– A Neonatal Case Study." Neonatal Network 21, no. 4 (June 2002): 27–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0730-0832.21.4.27.
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As medical knowledge and technology continue to increase, so will the ability to provide life-sustaining support to patients who otherwise would not survive. Along with these advances comes the responsibility of not only meeting the clinical needs of our patients, but also of understanding how the family’s culture and spirituality will affect their perception of the situation and their decision-making process. As the U.S. continues to become a more culturally diverse society, health care professionals will need to make changes in their practice to meet the psychosocial needs of their patients and respect their treatment decisions. Part I of this series (April 2002) discussed how the cultural and spiritual belief systems of Baby S’s family affected their decisionmaking processes and also their ability to cope with the impending death of their infant. The development of a culturally competent health care team can help bridge the gap between culturally diverse individuals.This article addresses the following questions:1. What legal alternatives are available to the staff to protect the patient from suffering associated with the continuation of futile life-sustaining support?2. What conflicts might the staff experience as a result of the continuation of futile life-sustaining support?3. What efforts can be made to support members of the staff?4. What can be done to prepare others in the health care professions to deal more effectively with ethical/cultural issues?
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Matos-Moreno, Amilcar, Neil Mehta, Eduardo Villamor, Lu Wang, and Carlos Mendes de Leon. "SOCIAL SUPPORT AND LONELINESS AS DETERMINANTS OF THE ONSET OF DISABILITY AMONG PUERTO RICAN OLDER ADULTS." Innovation in Aging 6, Supplement_1 (November 1, 2022): 362. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igac059.1432.
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Abstract Background The effect of loneliness and social support on health is poorly understood among older Puerto Ricans. As family size continues to decrease in Puerto Rico due to out-migration, a higher number of older adults have fewer family members to rely on, which may lead to detrimental health outcomes.Method: Using both waves (2002-03 and 2006-07) of the Puerto Rican Elderly: Health Conditions database, we examined the association between social support, living alone, and incident disability among a sample of older adults over 60 years of age residing in Puerto Rico. Disability was defined as the occurrence of difficulties with Activities of Daily Living (ADLs). Results 13.4% of older adults in our sample developed some form of disability. Older adults who developed a disability indicated receiving higher levels of social support (2.04 vs. 1.64) and loneliness (30.7% vs. 22.8%). Using multivariate logistic regression, we found that receiving social support increased the odds of developing a disability by 17% (OR: 1.17; CI: 1.02 – 1.35). Older adults who live alone had 58% higher odds of developing a disability (OR: 1.58; CI: 1.01 – 2.46). Conclusion The presence of social support and loneliness was correlated with a population prone to developing disabilities. Our findings concur with the well-established literature on psychosocial determinants in late life. However, this study represents the first attempt to understand psychosocial measures and disability in Puerto Rico. Public health organizations and healthcare systems must develop new societal mechanisms of support for older adults at risk of developing disabilities.
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Matos-Moreno, Amilcar, Neil Mehta, Eduardo Villamor, Lu Wang, and Carlos Mendes de Leon. "SOCIAL SUPPORT AND LONELINESS AS DETERMINANTS OF THE ONSET OF DISABILITY AMONG PUERTO RICAN OLDER ADULTS." Innovation in Aging 6, Supplement_1 (November 1, 2022): 717. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igac059.2617.
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Abstract Background The effect of loneliness and social support on health is poorly understood among older Puerto Ricans. As family size continues to decrease in Puerto Rico due to out-migration, a higher number of older adults have fewer family members to rely on, which may lead to detrimental health outcomes.Method: Using both waves (2002-03 and 2006-07) of the Puerto Rican Elderly: Health Conditions database, we examined the association between social support, living alone, and incident disability among a sample of older adults over 60 years of age residing in Puerto Rico. Disability was defined as the occurrence of difficulties with Activities of Daily Living (ADLs). Results 13.4% of older adults in our sample developed some form of disability. Older adults who developed a disability indicated receiving higher levels of social support (2.04 vs. 1.64) and loneliness (30.7% vs. 22.8%). Using multivariate logistic regression, we found that receiving social support increased the odds of developing a disability by 17% (OR: 1.17; CI: 1.02 – 1.35). Older adults who live alone had 58% higher odds of developing a disability (OR: 1.58; CI: 1.01 – 2.46). Conclusion The presence of social support and loneliness was correlated with a population prone to developing disabilities. Our findings concur with the well-established literature on psychosocial determinants in late life. However, this study represents the first attempt to understand psychosocial measures and disability in Puerto Rico. Public health organizations and healthcare systems must develop new societal mechanisms of support for older adults at risk of developing disabilities.