Journal articles on the topic 'Psychosocial support functions'
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Schockett, Melanie R., and Marilyn Haring-Hidore. "Factor Analytic Support for Psychosocial and Vocational Mentoring Functions." Psychological Reports 57, no. 2 (October 1985): 627–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1985.57.2.627.
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Eight 50-word vignettes which portrayed either psychosocial or vocational mentoring functions were presented to 144 college students who rated the desirability of each function on a scale of 1 to 7. A principal axis factor analysis with oblique rotation yielded two factors, one on which the psychosocial functions loaded more heavily (and which accounted for 33.4% of the variance) and one on which the vocational functions loaded more heavily (and which accounted for an additional 5.9% of the variance). The results may help researchers formulate different questions about mentoring than the basic questions which have guided prior work.
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Mariño García, Luisa, and Jordan S. Potash. "Art Therapy as Psychosocial Support for FARC Reincorporation." Journal of Peacebuilding & Development 14, no. 2 (May 21, 2019): 109–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1542316619842046.
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Psychosocial support programmes are an intrinsic part of a sustainable and successful social reincorporation of ex-combatants in post-conflict situations. Following the end of Colombia’s 50-year civil war, people who were formerly part of the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC) are currently living in designated spaces for reincorporation into society. This project aimed to identify how the field of art therapy can help advance existing initiatives of psychosocial support and reincorporation. An art therapist collaborated with local treatment providers on a short-term project with former FARC families and individuals. Based on the participants’ narratives and artwork, as well as the art therapist’s observations and field notes, this project identified four functions for art therapy: (1) facilitating communication amongst community members, (2) preserving memories of personal and historical relevance, (3) promoting acceptance, and (4) promoting artistic expression for self-reflection. The findings outline a viable course of action for future art therapists by exemplifying psychosocial supports to individuals, families, communities, and society in reincorporation processes. Open dialogue with community members and on-site service providers is crucial to ensuring art therapy is both adaptive and responsive to changing needs.
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Decker, Thomas W., and Barbara B. Decker. "Effects of Multiple Sclerosis on Physical and Psychosocial Functioning." Perceptual and Motor Skills 79, no. 2 (October 1994): 753–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1994.79.2.753.
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Significant impairment was measured across the board in the physical, psychosocial, and daily living functions of 24 multiple sclerosis patients. These findings support the need of MS patients for a comprehensive, multidisciplinary treatment approach to all areas affected by MS.
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Quinlan, Elly, Trevor Crowe, Frank P. Deane, and Meredith Whittington. "Functions of peer mentoring, satisfaction and the “real” relationship in postgraduate psychology education." International Journal of Mentoring and Coaching in Education 8, no. 1 (March 4, 2019): 52–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijmce-06-2018-0033.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine how a peer mentoring relationship may support provisional psychologists engaged in postgraduate education in Australia. The theoretical lens for this study draws from the real relationship framework and significant events literature. Design/methodology/approach Quantitative and qualitative data were obtained via a web survey from a sample of 23 mentors and 41 mentees. Participants had engaged in a one-year peer mentoring program on a volunteer basis. The survey contained measures of functions of mentoring, perceived genuineness and realism in the relationship, and overall satisfaction with peer mentoring. Participants also provided accounts of helpful events, hindering events and open feedback. Findings Perceived satisfaction was significantly correlated with greater genuineness and realism in the relationship. Satisfaction was associated with psychosocial and clinical functions of mentoring for both mentors and mentees, and career functions for mentees only. Qualitative findings indicated that the most helpful events included psychosocial support, mutual understanding and skill development. The most frequent hindering events were logistics/time, lack of structure and mentor technique/activity. Practical implications Peer mentors show great promise for supporting provisional psychologists. Recommendations for higher education providers include providing peer mentors with guidance regarding the importance of psychosocial support, clinical skill development and creating genuine and real relationships. Peer mentor training would also benefit from the inclusion of career development strategies and psychoeducation on transference. Originality/value This study is the first to apply the real relationship framework and significant events analysis to the psychology peer mentoring context.
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Möhlen, Heike, Peter Parzer, Franz Resch, and Romuald Brunner. "Psychosocial Support for War-Traumatized Child and Adolescent Refugees: Evaluation of a Short-Term Treatment Program." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 39, no. 1-2 (January 2005): 81–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/j.1440-1614.2005.01513.x.
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Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate a newly designed psychosocial treatment program for war traumatized child and adolescent refugees. The program was designed to reduce emotional distress and improve psychosocial functioning. Method: Ten young Kosovan refugees (mean age 13.3 years) residing in Germany participated in the manual based intervention program. This multimodal program consists of individual, family and group sessions using a psychoeducational approach beside trauma and grief focusing activities, creative techniques and relaxation. Kind and severity of traumatic experiences were gathered by interviewing the child and their caretakers using the Harvard Trauma Questionnaire (HTQ). Psychiatric diagnoses (Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children, K-SADS) were assessed prior to the intervention. Post-traumatic symptomatology (HTQ), emotional problems (Diagnostic System for Psychological Disorders, DYSIPS) and the overall psychosocial functioning (Child Global Assessment Scale, CGAS) were assessed before and after the 12-week intervention. Results: Following the intervention the degree of overall psychosocial functioning increased substantially in 9 of 10 participants. Furthermore, post-traumatic, anxiety and depressive symptoms were reduced significantly. The rate of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) diagnoses fell from 60% to 30%. The number of patients with PTSD and a high rate of comorbid symptoms (depression and anxiety) as well as a history of severe traumatization remained at 30%. Conclusions: This study suggests that the psychosocial treatment program specified for war traumatized adolescents may be useful for the relief of psychiatric sequelae and for an improvement in overall psychosocial functions, but not for the subgroup of severely traumatized patients with complex psychiatric disturbances.
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Xu, Hanzhang, Bei Wu, and Man Guo. "PSYCHOSOCIAL RESILIENCE, FAMILY SUPPORT, AND COGNITIVE STATUS: FROM EVIDENCE TO ACTION." Innovation in Aging 6, Supplement_1 (November 1, 2022): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igac059.067.
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Abstract Increasing evidence suggests the important role of social connections and family support in maintaining optimal cognitive status among older adults. This symposium includes four studies from China and the U.S with a focus on generating actionable evidence to inform the development of strategies that target psychosocial resilience and family support to promote cognitive health. Using data from the 2006, 2010, and 2014 waves of the Health and Retirement Study, the first study assessed the impact of social isolation on cognitive function, and how sleep disturbance mediated the association on cognitive decline. The study findings suggest addressing sleep disturbance might be a viable way to mitigate the negative effect of social isolation on cognitive function. Companion piece includes another HRS-based study that assessed the impact of loneliness on psychological resilience and cognitive health in later life. Findings from this study show loneliness is indirectly associated with baseline cognitive status and accelerated cognitive decline through deteriorating phycological resources. The third study used a prospective longitudinal design and applied group-based trajectory modeling to identify distinct family functions among 170 Chinese stroke survivors. Four family function trajectories were identified; healthy and stable family function was associated with better cognition and quality of life. Lastly, the fourth study aimed to use an experienced-based co-design approach to develop a cognitive training intervention to promote cognitive health in older Chinese immigrants in the U.S. This approach allows researchers to engage end-users early and to optimize the development of a culturally and linguistically relevant cognitive training intervention.
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Nigam, Richa, and Bhoomika R. Kar. "Cognitive Ageing in Developing Societies: An Overview and a Cross-sectional Study on Young, Middle-aged and Older Adults in the Indian Context." Psychology and Developing Societies 32, no. 2 (August 5, 2020): 278–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0971333620937511.
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Cognitive ageing in developing societies is marked with psychosocial issues such as education, occupation, lifestyle, social support, social interaction and exclusion that may affect cognitive–affective–behavioural changes with ageing. We also present a study based on cognitive profiling of young (N = 79), middle-aged (N = 54) and older adults (N = 43) in India, which examined learning and memory for verbal and visuospatial information, overall cognitive functions, subjective complaints about cognitive difficulties, neuropsychiatric problems, anxiety and emotion regulation. The study shows cognitive changes compared to young and comparable rate of learning and retrieval among middle-aged and older adults for verbal and visuospatial material, correlated with general cognitive ability. The subjective complaints were not correlated with the objective measures of cognitive functions, highlighting the importance of both to show early cognitive changes. The relationship between cognitive functions and emotion regulation or behavioural/emotional changes was observed for young and middle-aged adults but not for older adults. Findings are discussed in the context of the lifespan perspective of cognitive ageing, cognitive reserve, psychosocial environment and social–emotional selectivity theory.
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Hamid, Abdurrahman, and Agnita Utami. "The level of knowledge, attitudes and family skills in caring elderly in psychosocial function." Jurnal Kesehatan Komunitas 5, no. 3 (December 31, 2019): 212–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.25311/keskom.vol5.iss3.432.
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A healthy older adult life cannot be achieved alone by the older adult , but also requires the involvement of family members. Achieving optimal quality of life in the older adult must be supported by psychosocial care. Family members help the older adult meet their needs in achieving optimal quality of life. The purpose of this research is to help to provide an overview of family knowledge, attitudes and skills in caring for the psychosocial older adult . In this case the psychosocial function is memory, intellectual function, orientation of time and place. The sample in this study amounted to 30 families with a purposive sampling method. Data collection using the instrument in the form of a questionnaire and using the method of interviews and direct observation of families who have older adult family members. The results of the study revealed that the level of knowledge and skills was largely low, and family attitudes in caring for the older adult were high. This shows that families with the older adult still need an increase in knowledge about the care of psychotic functions, and an increase in knowledge will also have an impact on improving attitudes and skills in caring for the older adult by family members. This research can be a reference to determine the form of activities that support the improvement of psychosocial functions of the older adult .
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Mubarrok, Alik Septian, and Fitri Firranda Nurmalisyah. "Experiences of Diabetic Vulnerability Community in Health Protocol Compliance During the COVID-19 Pandemic." Babali Nursing Research 3, no. 2 (July 31, 2022): 153–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.37363/bnr.2022.3281.
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Introduction: Compliance with health protocols in the community including the Diabetic Vulnerable Group is one step to prevent the transmission of COVID-19, but the decline in physical and psychosocial functions in the Diabetic Vulnerable Group can be an obstacle for the Diabetic Vulnerable Group in implementing health protocols. This study aims to explore the experience of the Diabetic Vulnerable Group in implementing health protocols during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Methods: A qualitative research conducted in Jatiduwur, Jombang, East Java, by conducting In-Depth interviews on 10 Diabetic Vulnerable Groups as main informants and 2 supporting informants, Ponkesdes Nurses and Midwives.
Results: There are 3 themes that can be concluded from this study, namely 1) Description of various experiences of the Diabetic Vulnerable Group in implementing health protocols (uncomfortable using masks, uncomfortable washing hands frequently, keeping distance is not a problem and often forgetting to apply health protocols); 2) Motivation of the Diabetic Vulnerable Group in implementing health protocols (for health, so that the pandemic will pass quickly and government regulations compliance) and 3) Support for the Diabetic Vulnerable Group in implementing health protocols (family support and social support).
Conclusion: The various experiences felt by the Diabetic Vulnerable Group in implementing health protocols are an illustration of a decrease in physical and psychosocial functions but the Diabetic Vulnerable Group remains motivated because they follow government recommendations and there is good support from families, from fellow Diabetic Vulnerable Groups and from other parties Village government.
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Alexander, Bruce K. "The Empirical and Theoretical Bases for an Adaptive Model of Addiction." Journal of Drug Issues 20, no. 1 (January 1990): 37–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002204269002000103.
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There is substantial scientific support for an adaptive model of addiction. Research reviewed in this article supports the adaptive model's assertions that failure of psychosocial integration precedes addiction; that addiction serves a number of adaptive functions; that addictive behavior is not “out of control”; that drug use generally fits the predictions of coping theory; that addictions are often transitory; that the “lessor evil” assumption of the adaptive model is compatible with current theory; that addictions are often interchangeable; and that the term “adaptive” is defined precisely in the adaptive model. The extensive support for an adaptive model of addiction, in conjunction with the wealth of recent evidence against a disease model of addiction, suggests that a major reformulation of theory about drugs and addiction is underway in the scholarly community.
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Adeyemi, Elizabeth Adedamola, Yusuff Adebayo Adebisi, and Abdulhammed Opeyemi Babatunde. "Psychosocial Impacts of Chronic Kidney Disease and Dialysis Therapy." SciMedicine Journal 3, no. 2 (June 1, 2021): 129–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.28991/scimedj-2021-0302-5.
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Background: Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) has been a significant global health problem and a source of an enormous burden on the healthcare system and psychological distress for diagnosed patients. This study aims to understand the psychosocial impacts of CKD and dialysis therapy on patients undergoing dialysis in LAUTECH Teaching Hospital, Osogbo. Methodology: A descriptive study design was used, and the sampling technique was purposive. Subject participation was voluntary and preceded informed consent. Patients that had CKD and undergoing dialysis were identified. Data were collected, cleaned, and analysed using SPSS Version 23. Results: Patients perceptions of life and social limitations due to CKD and dialysis therapy revealed that 74.1% of the respondents always feel anxious, 67.8% feel that adjusting to dialysis is difficult, 85.5% of the respondents think that CKD and dialysis therapy is making them poorer, 90.3% feel they were neglecting important activities in life due to dialysis therapy. There was a significant relationship between patients’ perception of life and social limitations and the perceived influence of dialysis therapy on family functions and support persons (p<0.05) as well as the level of income and behavioural compliance. Conclusion: Our study revealed that CKD and dialysis therapy have major psychosocial impacts on the patients although many can cope well. We recommend more financial supports and interventions for CKD patients undergoing dialysis therapy. Doi: 10.28991/SciMedJ-2021-0302-5 Full Text: PDF
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Ajmone-Cat, Spinello, Valenti, Franchi, Macrì, Vacca, and Laviola. "Brain-Immune Alterations and Mitochondrial Dysfunctions in a Mouse Model of Paediatric Autoimmune Disorder Associated with Streptococcus: Exacerbation by Chronic Psychosocial Stress." Journal of Clinical Medicine 8, no. 10 (September 20, 2019): 1514. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm8101514.
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Adverse psychosocial experiences have been shown to modulate individual responses to immune challenges and affect mitochondrial functions. The aim of this study was to investigate inflammation and immune responses as well as mitochondrial bioenergetics in an experimental model of Paediatric Autoimmune Neuropsychiatric Disorders Associated with Streptococcus (PANDAS). Starting in adolescence (postnatal day 28), male SJL/J mice were exposed to five injections (interspaced by two weeks) with Group-A beta-haemolytic streptococcus (GAS) homogenate. Mice were exposed to chronic psychosocial stress, in the form of protracted visual exposure to an aggressive conspecific, for four weeks. Our results indicate that psychosocial stress exacerbated individual response to GAS administrations whereby mice exposed to both treatments exhibited altered cytokine and immune-related enzyme expression in the hippocampus and hypothalamus. Additionally, they showed impaired mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes IV and V, and reduced adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production by mitochondria and ATP content. These brain abnormalities, observed in GAS-Stress mice, were associated with blunted titers of plasma corticosterone. Present data support the hypothesis that challenging environmental conditions, in terms of chronic psychosocial stress, may exacerbate the long-term consequences of exposure to GAS processes through the promotion of central immunomodulatory and oxidative stress.
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van Harmelen, A. L., R. A. Kievit, K. Ioannidis, S. Neufeld, P. B. Jones, E. Bullmore, R. Dolan, P. Fonagy, and I. Goodyer. "Adolescent friendships predict later resilient functioning across psychosocial domains in a healthy community cohort." Psychological Medicine 47, no. 13 (April 11, 2017): 2312–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291717000836.
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BackgroundAdolescence is a key time period for the emergence of psychosocial and mental health difficulties. To promote adolescent adaptive (‘resilient’) psychosocial functioning (PSF), appropriate conceptualisation and quantification of such functioning and its predictors is a crucial first step. Here, we quantify resilient functioning as the degree to which an individual functions better or worse than expected given their self-reported childhood family experiences, and relate this to adolescent family and friendship support.MethodWe used Principal Component and regression analyses to investigate the relationship between childhood family experiences and PSF (psychiatric symptomatology, personality traits and mental wellbeing) in healthy adolescents (the Neuroscience in Psychiatry Network;N= 2389; ages 14–24). Residuals from the relation between childhood family experiences and PSF reflect resilient functioning; the degree to which an individual is functioning better, or worse, than expected given their childhood family experiences. Next, we relate family and friendship support with resilient functioning both cross-sectionally and 1 year later.ResultsFriendship and family support were positive predictors of immediate resilient PSF, with friendship support being the strongest predictor. However, whereas friendship support was a significant positive predictor oflaterresilient functioning,familysupport had anegativerelationship with later resilient PSF.ConclusionsWe show that friendship support, but not family support, is an important positive predictor of both immediate and later resilient PSF in adolescence and early adulthood. Interventions that promote the skills needed to acquire and sustain adolescent friendships may be crucial in increasing adolescent resilient PSF.
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Harter, Susan, Donna B. Marold, and Nancy R. Whitesell. "Model of psychosocial risk factors leading to suicidal ideation in young adolescents." Development and Psychopathology 4, no. 1 (January 1992): 167–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579400005629.
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AbstractThe primary goal of this study was to examine a theoretically based model of psychosocial risk factors and mediators leading to suicidal ideation in a normative sample of young adolescents, ages 12–15 years. Three self-report instruments were employed to tap the constructs of interest, the Self-Perception Profile for Children (Harter, 1985a), The Dimensions of Depression Profile (Harter, Nowakowski, & Marold, 1988), and the Social Support Scale for Children (Harter, 1985b). Utilizing path-analytic techniques, the best-fitting model includes, as potential antecedents, two self-concept clusters—(a) appearance, peer likability, and athletic competence and (b) scholastic competence and behavioral conduct—and two sources of social support — peer approval and parent approval. Paths from each of these constructs lead to a depression composite of affect, global self-worth, and hopelessness. The composite, in turn, functions as a mediator with a direct path to suicidal ideation. Comparisons of two subgroups of depressed adolescents defined by this composite, those with and without suicidal ideation, are also presented. The findings are discussed in terms of the need for theoretically based models that have implications for prevention and intervention in normative populations of adolescents.
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FITZGERALD, JAMES T., ROBERT M. ANDERSON, MARTHA M. FUNNELL, MARILYNN S. ARNOLD, WAYNE K. DAVIS, LINDA C. AMAN, SCOTT J. JACOBER, and GEORGE GRUNBERGER. "Differences in the Impact of Dietary Restrictions on African Americans and Caucasians With NIDDM." Diabetes Educator 23, no. 1 (February 1997): 41–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/014572179702300104.
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African-American and Caucasian patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus were surveyed to determine differences in self-reported dietary adherence. The relationship between dietary adherence and other psychosocial factors also was explored. The Diabetes Care Profile, an instrument designed to assess psychosocial factors related to diabetes, was completed by 178 patients. Correlation and regression analyses were used to examine the relationship between dietary adherence and 15 other scales in this instrument. Regression analyses revealed that selected scales were better at predicting dietary adherence for African Americans than for Caucasians. Self-care adherence was the most significant predictor of dietary adherence for African Americans while support was the most significant predictor for Caucasians. These findings suggest that cultural and social functions of food and diet should be examined and incorporated in the development of appropriate meal plans and educational interventions.
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Bynum, Yvette P., and Clara Young. "Female Superintendents and the Effects of Mentoring Relationships." International Journal for Innovation Education and Research 3, no. 10 (October 31, 2015): 117–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.31686/ijier.vol3.iss10.452.
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Women make up the majority of personnel in today’s school systems yet few are employed in the highest position-superintendent. In one southern state, the State Department of Education (2009) reported 22 % of superintendents were women. Nationwide, the percentage is 24.1% (Kowalski, McCord, Petersen, Young, & Ellerson, 2011). However, in comparison to the number of women who begin their careers in education, there is still a wide inequity between the percentages of those in the ranks and those in positions of superintendent (Katz, 2012). One of the reasons for the lack of women in upper level administration is the lack of mentoring, both formal and informal. Therefore, mentoring becomes an essential element in providing the guidance and support for women who aspire to be in a leadership position.This study examined the effects of career and psychosocial mentoring functions on the careers of women superintendents currently serving in a southern state by exploring both informal and formal mentoring relationships and the way these relationships serve as effective tools on the position attained and career development. The results of this study showed that the career mentoring functions and psychosocial mentoring functions had a statistically significant impact on the careers of female superintendents. Findings from this research indicate that mentoring relationships have the potential for female administrators to make successful career advancement.
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Rocha, Susy, Lenora Gandolfi, and Josenaide Engracia dos Santos. "The psychosocial impacts caused by diagnosis and treatment of Coeliac Disease." Revista da Escola de Enfermagem da USP 50, no. 1 (February 2016): 65–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0080-623420160000100009.
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Abstract OBJECTIVE To comprehend the psychosocial effects that Coeliac Disease diagnosis entails. METHOD Qualitative study, achieved through semi-structured interviews, analyzed in accordance to the Association of ideas map Technique. A total 12 recently-diagnosed patients from the Centro de diagnóstico, tratamento e apoio ao paciente com doença celíaca (Coeliac Disease Prevention, Support and Treatment Diagnose Centre) from the Hospital Universitário de Brasília (University Hospital of Brasilia) were enrolled for the study, between the years of 2013 and 2014. RESULTS The interviewed patients presented negative impacts in three categories: psychoaffective, family and social relationships, indicating issues with social readaptation once the treatment had started, as well as difficulty coping with a gluten free diet. CONCLUSION Coeliac Disease holds substantial impact on psychological functions, family and social relationships to diagnosed patients, requiring a clinical biopsychological assistance for better adherence to treatment and patients quality of life.
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Almășan, Oana, Mihaela Hedeșiu, Mihaela Băciuț, Smaranda Buduru, and Cristian Dinu. "Physiotherapy and occlusal splint treatment in myalgia, cervi-cogenic headache, and arthralgia: a case report." Balneo and PRM Research Journal 13, Vol.13, no.3 (September 5, 2022): 518. http://dx.doi.org/10.12680/balneo.2022.518.
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Abstract: The purpose of this study was to describe a rare case of myalgia, cervicogenic headache, and arthralgia in which interaction of physiotherapy, relaxation techniques, cognitive and behavioral counseling, psychosocial support, and occlusal splint treatment resulted in a positive outcome. A 27-year-old woman presented to our clinic with myalgia of the right side of the face, right temporomandibular joint arthralgia, right and left temple pain, jaw elevator muscle pain, and head and neck muscle soreness. The right and left joints' magnetic resonance imaging revealed anterior disc displacement without reduction. The treatment strategy aimed for a non-invasive treatment approach to relieve pain and restore functions. An occlusal appliance with an anterior bite plane was selected, along with counseling, psychosocial support, physiotherapy, posture self-control, massage of the head and neck muscles, mouth opening exercises, and self-massage. A temporomandibular specialist oversaw the splint treatment's progress, a maxillofacial surgeon managed the clinical signs and symptoms of the muscles and joints, and a physiotherapist provided the physiotherapy. Muscle stability in the head and neck has been related to temporomandibular disorders and may have repercussions on craniofacial structure and function. Keywords: physiotherapy; massage; relaxation techniques; oral splint; temporomandibular dis-order
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Hung, Chao-Chih, Tzung-Cheng Huan, Chun-Han Lee, Hsin-Mei Lin, and Wen-Long Zhuang. "To adjust or not to adjust in the host country? Perspective of interactionism." Employee Relations 40, no. 2 (February 12, 2018): 329–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/er-12-2016-0237.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship of regulatory foci (promotion focus and prevention focus) to expatriate adjustments (general, interaction, and work adjustments) and explore whether mentoring functions (psychosocial support, role modeling, and career development) moderate the aforementioned relationship. Design/methodology/approach Using 141 questionnaired primary data (response rate 32.25 percent) gathered from at least six months experienced expatiates of multinational companies in six industries, this study adopts regression method to examine the moderating effect. Findings This study found that promotion focus was positively related to the interaction and work adjustment, respectively; prevention focus was positively related to the general, interaction, and work adjustment, respectively. Psychosocial support function moderates the relationship between promotion focus and general adjustment. Career development function moderates the relationships between promotion/prevention foci and work adjustment. Originality/value According to the interactionism perspective, behavior is a result of the interaction between personality and situational influences, has a long history in social and personality psychology. This study extends this perspective to the interactive effects of mentorship (situational factor) and expatriates’ regulatory foci (personality factor) on expatriate adjustment.
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Culos-Reed, S. Nicole. "Physical Activity and Cancer in Youth: A Review of Physical Activity’s Protective and Rehabilitative Functions." Pediatric Exercise Science 14, no. 3 (August 2002): 248–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/pes.14.3.248.
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This paper examines the evidence between physical activity and cancer in youth populations, both in terms of physical activity as a risk-reduction and rehabilitation behavior. The association between cancer and physical activity as a risk-reducing health behavior is receiving increasing support; however, research on youth participation and subsequent adult cancer incidence is fairly limited, and future research must address numerous design and measurement issues. Specifically, the designs, methods, and measurement vary, highlighting the need for the standardization of measures in future research. Four studies were located that examined physical activity as a means of rehabilitation for youth cancer survivors. All four studies, focusing only on the physical and physiological changes associated with physical activity, found physical activity interventions to be beneficial. Given the positive physical and psychosocial impact that physical activity programs have had in adult cancer survivors, additional research is warranted with children survivors.
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Pang, Hua. "Examining associations between university students' mobile social media use, online self-presentation, social support and sense of belonging." Aslib Journal of Information Management 72, no. 3 (March 6, 2020): 321–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ajim-08-2019-0202.
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PurposeThe primary objectives of the article are to systematically investigate the effects of differentiated functions of WeChat use (social use and recreational use) on university students' online self-presentation, social support and sense of belonging.Design/methodology/approachThe data were collected from a web-based survey on a sample of 485 university students in mainland China. Correlation analyses and structural equation modeling (SEM) were implemented to address the corresponding hypotheses.FindingsThe results demonstrate that the social use of WeChat is positively related to online self-presentation, whereas recreational use is unrelated to such behavior. Additionally, the findings verify that online self-presentation is a significant predictor of both social support and sense of belonging. Furthermore, online self-presentation could mediate the influence of social use of WeChat on social support and sense of belonging.Research limitations/implicationsTheoretically, the study represents an initial effort to elucidate the joint impact of differentiated functions of WeChat use and online self-presentation on social support and sense of belonging. Practically, these findings identify the crucial mediation role of online self-presentation in assisting individuals to acquire social support and promote sense of belonging.Originality/valueAlthough mobile social media has brought dramatic revolutions in interaction and interpersonal behaviors, the empirically studies regarding the potential influences of its utilization are equivocal. These outcomes may shed meaningful light on the comprehending of unique characteristics of WeChat communication and how it could impact people's psychosocial development in the digital era.
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Kurniyawan, Enggal Hadi, Lisca Nurmalika Fitri, Latifa Aini Susumaningrum, Emi Wuri Wuryaningsih, and Tantut Susanto. "Family Affective Functions and Temper Tantrums in Preschool Children: A Cross-Sectional Study." Jurnal Kesehatan Komunitas Indonesia 2, no. 1 (December 10, 2022): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.58545/jkki.v2i1.19.
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Problems in the family can cause temper tantrum behavior in children. The effective function of the family aims to protect and provide psychosocial support for family members. This study aims to determine the relationship between family affective function and temper tantrum behavior in children. The research design is an analytic correlation with a cross-sectional study approach. Respondents in this study were 134 parents who had children aged 3-5 years. Sampling using a cluster sampling method. The questionnaires used in this study were the Family Affective Function Questionnaire and the Temper Tantrum Behavior Questionnaire. The parametric test in this study uses an independent sample t-test because the data is normally distributed. Temper tantrum behavior in children aged 3-5 years is screaming or screaming. Families with children aged 3-5 years can carry out family affective functions effectively. There is a relationship between family affective function and children's temper tantrum behavior with a p-value <0.001. Health education to parents with children aged 3-5 years about affective function must be carried out to prevent temper tantrums from occurring in childrens.
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Alzaree, Fatma A., Manal A. Shehata, Maged A. El Wakeel, Inas R. El-Alameey, Mones M. AbuShady, and Suzette I. Helal. "Adaptive Functioning and Psychosocial Problems in Children with Beta Thalassemia Major." Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences 6, no. 12 (December 16, 2018): 2337–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2018.367.
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BACKGROUND: Beta thalassemia major is considered one of the serious health problems and the commonest hemoglobinopathy in Egypt that creates a burden not only on health system but also on the affected families and children who become vulnerable to emotional, social, psychological and behavioural problems.
AIM: This study was designed to assess the psychosocial burden and the adaptive functioning in children with beta-thalassemia major.
SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A group of 50 children with thalassemia major and 50 normal children matched for age and sex were included in a case-control study. Vineland Adaptive Functioning Scale was used to assess the adaptive functions; while the Pediatric Symptom Checklist (PSCL) was used to assess psychosocial morbidity.
RESULTS: A group of 50 children aged 5-17 years old with thalassemia major, their mean age was 11.05 ± 3.8, showed a statistically significant lower total adaptive behaviour score and communication subscale score. All the mean values of adaptive behaviour for cases and controls were within the average values. Results from the PSCL revealed no significant difference between mean scores of children with thalassemia and controls. A score of attention domain was markedly higher in children with thalassemia. Internalising behaviour was the most dominant as it was detected in 10% of the patient group.
CONCLUSION: Thalassemic patients had a relatively mild affection for adaptive and psychosocial functioning that can be explained by social and medical support they receive, which may increase their competence and psychological wellbeing.
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Azad, Azadé, and Veronica Svärd. "Patients’ with Multimorbidity and Psychosocial Difficulties and Their Views on Important Professional Competence for Rehabilitation Coordinators in the Return-to-Work Process." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 19 (September 29, 2021): 10280. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph181910280.
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Coordinators may play a key role during the return-to-work (RTW) process for people on sickness absence. There are still few studies on the newly implemented rehabilitation coordinators (RECO) within Swedish healthcare, and none focus on their competence. The aim of this study was to explore how persons with multimorbidity and psychosocial difficulties describe the professional competence of the RECO they encountered during their RTW process. The study takes a relational and practical approach in defining professional competence, including both what professionals do and what they possess. Interviews with 12 people with multimorbidity and psychosocial difficulties who had encountered a RECO during their RTW process were analysed using thematic analysis. Six different themes were found: communicative and coordinating skills; advisory and guidance skills; engagement and advocacy skills; being persistent and flexible; being empathic and therapeutic; being professional and trustworthy. Most of these are found in research on RTW coordinators, but being persistent, and having advisory, guidance, advocacy and therapeutic skills have not been recognised as important competences previously. This study adds patients’ views on important professional competence that support the RTW process, which should be regarded in further developments of RECOs’ functions and their competence descriptions.
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Evans, Megan, Patrick Y. Tang, Nivedita Bhushan, Edwin B. Fisher, Dawn Dreyer Valovcin, and Cherie Castellano. "Standardization and adaptability for dissemination of telephone peer support for high-risk groups: general evaluation and lessons learned." Translational Behavioral Medicine 10, no. 3 (June 2020): 506–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/tbm/ibaa047.
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Abstract Beyond demonstrated effectiveness, research needs to identify how peer support can be implemented in real-world settings. Telephone peer support offers one approach to this. The purpose of this study is to evaluate telephone peer support provided by trained peer staff for high-risk groups, implemented according to key tasks or functions of the Reciprocal Peer Support model (RPS) providing both standardization and adaptability. The methods used in the study include the review of contact data for years 2015–2016 from telephone peer support services of Rutgers Health University Behavioral Health Care, serving veterans, police, mothers of children with special needs, and child protection workers; structured interviews with peer supporters and clients; and audit of case notes. Across 2015–2016, peer supporters made 64,786 contacts with a total of 5,616 callers. Adaptability was apparent in 22% of callers’ relationships lasting ≤1 month and 43% ≥1 year, voicemails valued as communicating presence, 92% of callers receiving support with psychosocial issues, 65% with concrete problems, such as medical or other services, 88% receiving social support, and 88% either resolving an issue (e.g., finding employment) or making documented progress (e.g., getting professional treatment, insurance, or children’s services). With the balance of standardization and adaptability provided by the RPS, telephone peer support can address diverse needs and provide diverse contact patterns, assistance, support, and benefits.
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Mekonnen, Getachew Alebachew. "Fulfilling the Responsibility to Protect." International Journal of Risk and Contingency Management 9, no. 1 (January 2020): 29–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijrcm.2020010103.
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Iddirs are traditional community-based organizations (CBOs) primarily established to facilitate burial ceremonies and comforting the bereaved. This study emphasized the additional roles and functions of Iddirs on supporting vulnerable groups of the community. The research has employed a qualitative research method, and it employs in-depth interviews, FGD and document analysis as data gathering instruments. Participants of the study were beneficiaries of Iddir (orphans and their caregivers), Iddir members and Iddir committees. The findings of this study showed that Iddir has significant contribution to improve the life of orphans and their caregivers. The types of care and support provided by Iddir include financial, material, medical, emotional, and psychosocial support. The study also shows that orphans in the area are vulnerable to a range of problems: food insecurity, lack of clothes and footwear, inadequate access to school and school materials, poor health, and physical and sexual abuse, in terms of their severity.
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Castellanos Villaverde, T., S. Izquierdo Pérez, A. Hospital Moreno, I. Louzao Rojas, and E. Fernández-Jiménez. "Neuropsychological profile of Turner Syndrome in relation to deficits in academic and psychosocial areas. A case report." European Psychiatry 65, S1 (June 2022): S446. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2022.1134.
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Introduction Previous reviews reported an association between Turner Syndrome (TS) and a profile of deficits in some neurocognitive domains (visual-spatial domains, mathematics, and executive functions: cognitive flexibility, working memory, cognitive inhibition, and problem solving), although pointing out individual variability. Objectives To describe the neuropsychological profile of a patient with diagnosis of TS and psychosocial difficulties attended at the Service of Psychiatry, Clinical Psychology and Mental Health at La Paz University Hospital (Madrid). Methods A descriptive study is conducted on a single case of a 11-year-old woman with diagnosis of TS attended by a clinical psychologist at a child-adolescent Mental health center for social, family and academic difficulties. Neuropsychological assessment was completed in October, 2021. The Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Five Edition (WISC-V) and Neuropsychological Assessment of Executive Functions in Children (ENFEN) batteries were administered. Results The full-scale intelligence quotient was observed in the normal range, with lower scores in non-verbal tasks. Deficits (range from z = -2.00 to -1.75) were observed in tests of working memory, processing speed and complex problem-solving tasks. The results showed great variability in other executive functioning tasks (selective attention tasks: from z = -1.75 to -0.75; and cognitive flexibility tasks: from z = -2.25 to 0.25). Conclusions The neurocognitive profile described in the literature was partially consistent with the results obtained in this study. The neuropsychological assessment can support the elucidation of clinical diagnostic and therapeutic factors in TS patients with relevant psychosocial or cognitive difficulties. Disclosure No significant relationships.
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Gan, Daniel R. Y., Grand H.-L. Cheng, Tze Pin Ng, John Chye Fung, and Im Sik Cho. "The Effect of Neighborhood Experiences on Positive Mental Health Among Community-Dwelling Older Adults." Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2020): 436. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.1408.
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Abstract Given reduced life spaces, the neighborhood often functions as a social venue for older adults. Yet how these everyday social spaces affect older adults’ psychosocial wellbeing remains largely unknown. Drawing on the GRP-CARE Survey data, this paper examined the relation between neighborhood experiences and positive mental health. Participants were 601 community-dwelling Singaporeans aged 50+ who lived in public housing neighborhoods. Neighborhood experiences were measured using the four-factorial, 16-item OpenX scale (Gan, Fung, Cho, 2019); positive mental health was measured using a six-factorial, 19-item scale (Vaingankar et al., 2011). Both scales have good psychometric properties and had been validated. Path analysis between relevant factors of both scales was conducted using Stata, within a theorized model of causation from neighborhood environment to social factors to psychosocial health. Age, education, ethnicity and sex were controlled for. Multiple linear regression analysis showed a strong, positive association between neighborhood experiences and mental health (p=0.000) even after controlling for personal traits (operationalized as depressive symptoms, GDS) in addition to sociodemographic variables. Path analysis showed that two distinct neighborhood health processes mediated this association. These were (1) the potential for a sense of community in the neighborhood improved emotional support, and (2) having better neighborly friendships improved interpersonal skills. These neighborhood health processes provide us with new lenses to understand older adults’ everyday experiences of their neighborhoods. Community-based interventions to improve older adults’ psychosocial wellbeing may be developed to facilitate these processes. Spatial and programmatic implications will be discussed in relation to age-friendly cities and communities (AFCC).
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Shattuck, Eric C., Jessica K. Perrotte, Colton L. Daniels, Xiaohe Xu, and Thankam S. Sunil. "Signaling sickness: the role of recalled sickness behavior and psychosocial factors in shaping communication style." Evolution, Medicine, and Public Health 9, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 221–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/emph/eoab017.
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Abstract Background and objectives Active infection results in several outward signs in humans, including visible symptoms, changes in behavior and possible alterations in skin color and gait. A potential adaptive function of these indicators is to signal distress and elicit care from close others. We hypothesized that sickness behavior, a suite of stereotypical changes in mood and behavior, also serves to communicate health status to others. We further hypothesized that such outward signals/cues of health status would vary based on context and sociocultural norms. Methodology We explored self-reported, recalled sickness behavior, communication style, demographics and theoretically relevant cultural factors in a large national US sample (n = 1259) using multinomial probit regressions. Results In accordance with predictions, relatively few participants were willing to talk or complain about sickness to strangers. Self-reported, recalled sickness behavior was associated with some communication styles but attention received from others was more consistently associated with potential signaling. Several cultural factors, including stoicism and traditional machismo, were also associated with different sickness signaling styles. Conclusions and implications These preliminary, self-reported data lend some tentative support to the sickness behavior signaling hypothesis, though experimental or observational support is needed. The role of cultural norms in shaping how such signals are transmitted and received also deserves further attention as they may have important implications for disease transmission. Lay Summary Evolutionary medicine hypothesizes that signs and symptoms of infectious disease—including sickness behavior—have adaptive functions, one of which might be to reliably signal one’s health status to others. Our results suggest that evolved signals like these are likely shaped by cultural factors.
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Lifintseva, A. A., T. D. Derkach, and N. Shtolde. "Phenomenon of Uncertainty as a Subjective Experience." Клиническая и специальная психология 7, no. 1 (2018): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/cpse.2018070101.
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The phenomenon of uncertainty in illness of patients is discussed and analyzed in this article. Uncertainty in illness is a condition that accompanies the patient from the moment of appearance of the first somatic symptoms of the disease and could be strengthened or weakened thanks to many psychosocial factors. The level of uncertainty is related to the level of stress, emotional disadaptation, affective states, coping strategies, mechanisms of psychological defense, etc. Uncertainty can perform destructive functions, acting as a trigger for stressful conditions and launching negative emotional experiences. As a positive function of uncertainty, one can note a possible positive interpretation of the patient's disease. In addition, the state of uncertainty allows the patient to activate the resources of coping with the disease, among which the leading role belongs to social support.
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Krause, Mariane, Pedro Güell, Maya Zilveti, Andrea Jaramillo, Juan Pablo Jiménez, and Patrick Luyten. "Changing communities and increases in the prevalence of depresion: is there a relationship?" Universitas Psychologica 14, no. 4 (January 19, 2016): 1259. http://dx.doi.org/10.11144/javeriana.upsy14-4.ccip.
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The article analyses the impact of individualization processes on community-level determinants of health in postmodern societies, taking depression as an example. The analysis shows how the evolution of the broader social context towards forms of organization focused on the individual and on competition in a market economy implies the vanishing of traditional communities and therefore of their health-supportive functions, thus endangering their ability to fulfill the needs of belonging, mutual support, and identity. The analysis also relates this evolution to cultural phenomena and to recent studies about culture-gene coevolution, implying that the effects of community decline are expected to be even greater in collectivist societies. Through its multidimensional conceptual analysis, this paper aims to contribute to further uncovering the interactions of psychological, psychosocial, and biological factors in mental health
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Taghadosi, Mohsen, Zeinab Tajamoli, and Mohammad Aghajani. "Psychosocial adjustment to cancer and its associated factors in patients undergoing chemotherapy: A cross-sectional study." Biomedical Research and Therapy 4, no. 12 (December 21, 2017): 1853. http://dx.doi.org/10.15419/bmrat.v4i12.392.
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Background: Adjustment to cancer refers to functions adopted by an individual for sustaining health and well-being, and leads to a better life and improved quality of life. Failure to adjust causes anxiety, depression, distress, and behavioral problems. The aim of study was to assess psychosocial adjustment to cancer and its associated factors in patients undergoing chemotherapy.
Methods: This cross-sectional study recruited 260 cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy at a hospital center in Kashan, Iran in 2016. Data collection tools included demographic details, Psychological Adjustment to Illness Scale (PAIS), and adherence to religious beliefs (Temple). Samples were selected by convenience sampling method. Data were analyzed in SPSS-16 software using descriptive statistics, Chi-square test, and Pearson’s correlation coefficient.
Results: The mean age of participants was 54.76±13.82 years, duration with cancer was 10.11±18.89 months, duration of treatment with chemotherapy was 4.8±6.2 months, and the mean score adjustment was 50.1±17.18. Adjustment was found to be significantly related to education, marital status, financial status, employment, and adherence to religious beliefs, but not to age, duration with cancer, duration of chemotherapy, or place of residence. Patients with no metastasis were better adjusted compared to other groups, with a significant difference from the other groups.
Conclusion: More than half of patients had moderate to high levels of adjustment. Patients with poor education, self-employment, no family support, low adherence to religious beliefs, and with metastasis displayed poorer adjustment levels; all of these negatively affected their adjustment to cancer. Thus, patients undergoing chemotherapy need greater family, social, and economic support for adjustment.
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Ng, Kheng, Angelia Sia, Maxel Ng, Crystal Tan, Hui Chan, Chay Tan, Iris Rawtaer, et al. "Effects of Horticultural Therapy on Asian Older Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 15, no. 8 (August 9, 2018): 1705. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15081705.
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The effect of horticultural therapy (HT) on immune and endocrine biomarkers remains largely unknown. We designed a waitlist-control randomized controlled trial to investigate the effectiveness of HT in improving mental well-being and modulating biomarker levels. A total of 59 older adults was recruited, with 29 randomly assigned to the HT intervention and 30 to the waitlist control group. The participants attended weekly intervention sessions for the first 3 months and monthly sessions for the subsequent 3 months. Biological and psychosocial data were collected. Biomarkers included IL-1β, IL-6, sgp-130, CXCL12/SDF-1α, CCL-5/RANTES, BDNF (brain-derived neurotrophic factor), hs-CRP, cortisol and DHEA (dehydroepiandrosterone). Psychosocial measures examined cognitive functions, depression, anxiety, psychological well-being, social connectedness and satisfaction with life. A significant reduction in plasma IL-6 level (p = 0.02) was observed in the HT intervention group. For the waitlist control group, significant reductions in plasma CXCL12 (SDF-1α) (p = 0.003), CXCL5 (RANTES) (p = 0.05) and BDNF (p = 0.003) were observed. A significant improvement in social connectedness was also observed in the HT group (p = 0.01). Conclusion: HT, in reducing plasma IL-6, may prevent inflammatory disorders and through maintaining plasma CXCL12 (SDF-1α), may maintain hematopoietic support to the brain. HT may be applied in communal gardening to enhance the well-being of older adults.
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Lapina, Maryna, and Yelyzaveta Boiko. "SOCIAL WORK IN THE SYSTEM OF ASSISTANCE TO THE PERSONS WITH ADDICTIVE EATING BEHAVIOR." Scientific Bulletin of Uzhhorod University. Series: «Pedagogy. Social Work», no. 1(48) (May 27, 2021): 216–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.24144/2524-0609.2021.48.216-220.
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The article is devoted to the topical problem of psychosocial assistance to people with addictive eating behavior, which is common among teenagers and young people, leads to tragic consequences, but still lacks a sufficient scientific basis and a comprehensive solution. The purpose of the study is to determine the place of social work and the content of the social workers’ activity in the system of assistance to persons with addictive eating behavior. Theoretical analysis of research of the food deviations problem, the concrete definition of terms «dysfunctional eating», «eating disorders», content and comparative analysis of professional functions of social workers in the context of helping people with addictive eating behavior are used as methods to achieve the goal of the research. It is determined that the professional activity of a social worker with persons with dysfunctional and disordered eating takes place in medical institutions, social services and secondary schools. The most common task of social work with persons with food addictions is the prevention. Special functions of a social worker in an inpatient (medical) institution are administrative and organizational work with eating disorders patient. Educational, social support and rehabilitation function are predominant in the activities of a social worker in social institutions. Instead, the specialist carries out for the most part diagnostics and monitoring, formation of eating habits, socio-pedagogical support of young people with dysfunctional eating in educational institutions. The leading role of a social worker at all stages of intervention and the need for a multidisciplinary approach in the prevention, correction and rehabilitation of people with addictive eating behavior are identified.
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Carlson, Michelle C., and George Rebok. "THE IMPACT OF MEANINGFUL VOLUNTEER ENGAGEMENT IN AGING ADULTS: THE BALTIMORE EXPERIENCE CORPS TRIAL." Innovation in Aging 3, Supplement_1 (November 2019): S795—S796. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz038.2928.
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Abstract Experience Corps was designed to embed cognitive, social, and physical activity into volunteer service by training older adults to serve in neighborhood elementary schools as mentors of children in Kindergarten-3 for 15 hours a week over two academic years. We incorporated cognitive activities through the intentional design of a variety of roles in reading, math, library support, and positive communication. Socially, volunteers engage with other volunteers, teachers, and children, and functional walking 3-4 days/week to and from as well as within the schools. The Baltimore Experience Corps Trial (BECT) is the largest randomized controlled trial (N = 702) examining the impact of volunteer engagement on cognitive functions in cognitively intact older adults, over sampling African Americans (91%) who have twice the risk of Alzheimer’s disease as whites. Findings will be summarized and demonstrate the dose-dependent cognitive, psychosocial, lifestyle activity, and brain benefits of volunteering for up to two years.
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Levitt, Heidi M. "A Psychosocial Genealogy of LGBTQ+ Gender: An Empirically Based Theory of Gender and Gender Identity Cultures." Psychology of Women Quarterly 43, no. 3 (April 14, 2019): 275–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361684319834641.
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In this invited article, I present an inclusive theory of gender that clarifies its interconnections with gender identity, gender expression, and sexuality. To support this functionalist theory, I summarize findings from an extensive body of mixed methods research on lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, and other (LGBTQ+) genders in the United States. I use a feminist-intersectional lens to empirically base and historically situate a theory of gender that is grounded in research of LGBTQ+ communities (butch, femme, bear, leathermen, transgender, drag queens, and family/house systems). I define genders as either sets of personal qualities within a culture associated with physiological sex or sets of qualities that evolve in reaction to limitations of existing genders. The evolution of genders functions to meet needs in four domains: (1) psychological: an experience of fit between a core aspect of self and a gender construct; (2) cultural: the creation of an LGBTQ+ culture that asserts sets of gender characteristics, which were denied and stigmatized within preexisting cultural norms; (3) interpersonal: the communicating of affiliation and status to enhance safety; and (4) sexual: an erotic embodiment of signifiers of these needs via an aesthetic that structures sexual attraction. I detail how each function affects identity, security, belonging, and personal and social values. Online slides for instructors who want to use this article for teaching are available on PWQ's website at http://journals.sagepub.com/page/pwq/suppl/index
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Bhardwaj, Tushti. "Quality of Life of Head and Neck Cancer Patients: Psychosocial Perspective using Mixed Method Approach." Indian Journal of Palliative Care 27 (August 12, 2021): 291–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.25259/ijpc_108_21.
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Objectives: Head and neck cancers are one of the most visible cancers permanently damaging appearances and affecting some of the very basic life functions of the patients. With advances in medical care and multidisciplinary team interventions, such changes can be managed and patient’s quality of life (QOL) be improved. Thus, it is important to understand the QOL concerns of the patients. The objective of the study was to examine QOL concerns of the patients with head and neck cancer. Materials and Methods: A sample of 100 adult cancer patients was selected from NCT of Delhi using non-probability sampling design. Data were collected through European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer QOL Questionnaires 30 (EORTC QLQ30) and EORTC QLQ Head and Neck specific 35 inventories which was supplemented with qualitative data obtained through semi-structured interviews. Interdependence of the variables and their impact on QOL of patients was studied using co-relational analyses. Results: Patients with head and neck cancer experienced major changes in their speech, appearances, eating pattern, daily routine, and work efficiency. Emotional functioning of the patients was poorest, followed by social functioning, role functioning, physical functioning, and cognitive functioning. Education had significant positive correlation with global QOL (0.382**, P < 0.01). Conclusion: QOL of head and neck cancer patients was poor. Emotional functioning of the patients was worst affected as patients had high emotional concerns. The study recommends psycho-educational intervention programs to help patients cope up better with the disease and improve their QOL. Patients’ support group and peer counseling would give emotional strength to the patients as few patients derived positive experience out of the disease episode.
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Decroo, Tom, Wim Van Damme, Guy Kegels, Daniel Remartinez, and Freya Rasschaert. "Are Expert Patients an Untapped Resource for ART Provision in Sub-Saharan Africa?" AIDS Research and Treatment 2012 (2012): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/749718.
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Since the introduction of antiretroviral treatment, HIV/AIDS can be framed as a chronic lifelong condition, requiring lifelong adherence to medication. Reinforcement of self-management through information, acquisition of problem solving skills, motivation, and peer support is expected to allow PLWHA to become involved as expert patients in the care management and to decrease the dependency on scarce skilled medical staff. We developed a conceptual framework to analyse how PLWHA can become expert patients and performed a literature review on involvement of PLWHA as expert patients in ART provision in Sub-Saharan Africa. This paper revealed two published examples: one on trained PLWHA in Kenya and another on self-formed peer groups in Mozambique. Both programs fit the concept of the expert patient and describe how community-embedded ART programs can be effective and improve the accessibility and affordability of ART. Using their day-to-day experience of living with HIV, expert patients are able to provide better fitting solutions to practical and psychosocial barriers to adherence. There is a need for careful design of models in which expert patients are involved in essential care functions, capacitated, and empowered to manage their condition and support fellow peers, as an untapped resource to control HIV/AIDS.
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Passalacqua, Rodolfo, Elisa Iezzi, Maria Antonietta Annunziata, Claudio Verusio, Carmine Pinto, Mario Airoldi, Marcello Aragona, et al. "Integrating psychosocial care into routine cancer care: A stepped-wedge design cluster randomized controlled trial (SWD-RCT) to evaluate effectiveness of the HuCare Quality Improvement Strategy (HQIS) on health-related quality of life (HRQoL)." Journal of Clinical Oncology 37, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2019): 6515. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2019.37.15_suppl.6515.
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6515 Background: Cancer patients (pts) often do not receive evidence-based psychosocial care. We evaluate the effects of an implementation strategy we previously demonstrated feasible, which includes communication skill training for all physicians and nurses; four support visits at the centers by an improvement team to assist staff in identifying obstacles, finding solutions, and strengthening motivation; screening for distress and social needs; individualized pts' education with a referring nurse; use of a question prompt list. Methods: Multicenter incomplete SWD-RCT with 3 clusters of 5 centers each. Consecutive outpatients requiring medical treatment and diagnosed in the previous 2 months were eligible. Primary endpoint: difference of at least one of the 2 domains of HRQoL emotional or social functions, at 3 months from baseline, in pts of the centers that implemented the HQIS vs standard of care (SoC). Secondary endpoints include: patient mood, long-term effect, overall HRQoL. Analyses were performed using a beta-binomial regression model. Results: 762 pts were enrolled. At baseline, 41% showed high anxiety (HADS-A>7), and 88% had at least one psychosocial need. 299 health professionals attended 3-day courses (84% of all clinical staff). 647 pts (85%) were available for analysis. The 315 pts who received HQIS exhibited better quality of life for the emotional domain than those assigned to SOC (OR=1.115, p=0.016). Pts who showed the greatest improvement were the older (OR=1.003, p=0.035), had lower anxiety basal levels (OR=0.853, p<0.001), and social needs were met (OR=1.182, p<0.001). The difference was not significant for the social domain (OR=0.955, p=0.353). The HQIS’s long-term effect was confirmed for the emotional domain at 12 months. No effect on mood (HADS-D) and overall HRQoL was observed. Conclusions: To our knowledge this is the first RCT demonstrating the effectiveness of a psychosocial care implementation strategy on cancer patients’ emotional well-being. Clinical trial information: NCT03008993.
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Duarte, A., I. Simões, C. Cordeiro, and P. Martins. "Hidden role of gut microbiome in mental health." European Psychiatry 65, S1 (June 2022): S695. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2022.1789.
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Introduction The recent literature indicates that the gut microbiota may affect brain functions through endocrine and metabolic pathways, antibody production and the enteric network while supporting its possible role in the onset and maintenance of several neuropsychiatric disorders, neurodevelopment and neurodegenerative disorders. Objectives The aim of this work is to discuss the role of probiotics, prebiotics, or synbiotics as a potential treatment for symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress. Methods Pub Med database was searched using following key words: “probiotics”, “prebiotics”, “mental disorders”, “psychological disorders”. Results Although the exact mechanism is unknown, there is a link between the gut and mood disorders. Psychosocial factors, such as quality of life or well-being, are greatly influenced by gut function and there is a strong correlation between psychosocial features and gastrointestinal disorders. Elevated stress, anxiety, and depression are linked to intestinal dysbiosis and mood disorders are disproportionately high in patients with functional gut disorders. So, psychobiotics may provide benefit when used in conjunction with current antidepressant medications. Probiotics may exert their therapeutic benefits by restoring microbial balance in the gut, and also by minimizing gastrointestinal complaints, allowing for the effects of antidepressant medication to not be reduced. Stress and immune responses were improved following psychobiotic intervention in stressed adults. Psychobiotics offer potential alternative treatment options in mood disorders and their accompanying symptoms. Conclusions Pro and prebiotics can improve mental health and psychological function and can be offered as new medicines for common mental disorders. However, more clinical studies are required to support the clinical use of probiotics. Disclosure No significant relationships.
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Pallesen, Hanne, Lena Aadal, Siri Moe, and Cathrine Arntzen. "Gateway to Recovery: A Comparative Analysis of Stroke Patients’ Experiences of Change and Learning in Norway and Denmark." Rehabilitation Research and Practice 2019 (January 17, 2019): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/1726964.
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Objectives. The recovery process is reported by stroke survivors to be a change process fraught with crises and hazard. Interaction with health professionals and others may play a central role in establishing renewed control over life. Research Questions. (1) How do patients handle and overcome experienced changes after stroke? (2) How do they experience the support to handle these changes during the first year after stroke? (3) How do the similarities and differences transpire in Danish and Norwegian contexts? Methodology. A qualitative method was chosen. Six patients from Denmark and five patients from Norway (aged 25-66) were followed up until one year after stroke, by way of individual interviews. The data were analyzed (using NVivo 11) by means of phenomenological analysis. Findings. The participants described four main issues in the recovery process that impacted the experienced changes: (i) strategies and personal factors that promote motivation, (ii) the involvement of family, social network, and peers, (iii) professionals’ support, and (iv) social structures that limit the recovery process. There was a diversity of professional support and some interesting variations in findings about factors that affected recovery and the ability to manage a new life situation between Central Denmark and Northern Norway. Both Norwegian and Danish participants experienced positive changes and progress on the bodily level, as well as in terms of activity and participation. Furthermore, they learned how to overcome limitations, especially in bodily functions and daily activities at home. Unfortunately, progress or support related to psychosocial rehabilitation was almost absent in the Norwegian data.
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Ehrsson, Ylva Tiblom, Per Fransson, and Sandra Einarsson. "Mapping Health-Related Quality of Life, Anxiety, and Depression in Patients with Head and Neck Cancer Diagnosed with Malnutrition Defined by GLIM." Nutrients 13, no. 4 (April 1, 2021): 1167. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13041167.
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Patients with cancer deal with problems related to physical, psychological, social, and emotional functions. The aim was to investigate malnutrition defined by the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) criteria in relation to health-related quality of life, anxiety, and depression in patients with head and neck cancer. This was a prospective observational research study with 273 patients followed at the start of treatment, seven weeks, and one year. Data collection included nutritional status and support, and the questionnaires: European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Head and neck cancer module (EORTC QLQ-H&N35) and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Malnutrition was defined using the GLIM criteria. The study showed that patients with malnutrition had significantly greater deterioration in their health-related quality of life at seven weeks. On a group level, health-related quality of life was most severe at this time point and some scores still implied problems at one year. Significantly, more patients reported anxiety at the start of treatment whereas significantly more patients reported depression at seven weeks. Over the trajectory of care, the need for support often varies. Psychosocial support is imperative and at the end of treatment extra focus should be put on nutritional interventions and managing treatment-related symptoms to improve nutritional status and health-related quality of life. In the long-term, head and neck cancer survivors need help to find strategies to cope with the remaining sequel.
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Chereneva, E. A., L. M. Safonova, V. Yu Potylicina, and D. V. Cherenev. "PSYCHOLOGICAL AND PEDAGOGICAL SUPPORT OF THE ELDERLY AS A FACTOR OF SUCCESSFUL AGING." Bulletin of Krasnoyarsk State Pedagogical University named after V.P. Astafyev 58, no. 4 (December 30, 2021): 54–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.25146/1995-0861-2021-58-4-303.
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Statement of the problem. Globally aging populations, with the number of elderly people growing at a faster rate than other population groups, are increasing their share of the total population in virtually all countries. Knowledge of the needs of elderly people is necessary to determine the optimal forms of work with them and the choice of those types of social services that they need especially. In senior age, the occurring personality modification is characterized by a diverse set of qualities that are rarely found in one person. Therefore, there is a need to consider the approaches of psychological and pedagogical support and those factors that affect the lifestyle of people in advanced age and successful aging. Materials and methods include the principle of a systematic approach and methodological unity of the biological and psychosocial in the formation of human mental pathology (B.G. Ananiev; B.F. Lomov; M.M. Kabanov; Yu.L. Nuller; V.M. Vorobiev; L.I. Wasserman); the principle of determinism, the principle of the unity of consciousness and activity (S.L. Rubinstein; A.N. Leontiev); the principle of system approach (V.A. Ganzen). There were also theoretical and methodological foundations of the concept by Russian psychologists G.S. Abramova, E.F. Rybalko and M.D. Aleksandrova, as well as fundamental methodological provisions on the unity of consciousness and activity, on the development of psyche in activity (L.S. Vygotsky, A.N. Leontiev, S.L. Rubinstein, etc.). Research results. Theoretical and experimental research systematized the conditions and factors that predetermine successful aging and the targets of preventive work. The presented research results make it possible to increase the effectiveness of complex measures aimed at increasing the proportion of successful aging. The studies have identified the factors that determine successful aging and the targets of prevention work. Successful aging is multifaceted and includes preventing disease and disability, maintaining high physical and cognitive functions, and constant participation in social and industrial activities. Conclusion. The presented research results will supplement the data on psychological and pedagogical support of the elderly and create prerequisites for the development of effective comprehensive measures aimed at increasing the proportion of successful aging.
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Gao, Chenlu, Alexander Do, and Michael Scullin. "088 Irregular Sleep Patterns Predict Worse Sleep Quality and Poorer Psychosocial and Academic Outcomes." Sleep 44, Supplement_2 (May 1, 2021): A37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsab072.087.
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Abstract Introduction While the consequences of short sleep duration are well understood, relatively little is known about how irregular sleep durations are related to daily functioning. We utilized actigraphy and self-report methods to investigate the correlates of intraindividual sleep variability in two populations. Methods In Study 1, N=699 adults (mean age=38.04, SD=11.65; 44.78% female) completed online questionnaires on sleep, work status, and time management. In Study 2, N=100 college students (mean age=19.08, SD=1.26; 50% female; 50% underrepresented minorities) wore actiwatches for two one-week sessions (1 month apart) and reported sleep, psychosocial functions, and academic outcomes. In both studies, variability of sleep duration was defined as the individual standard deviation (ISD) of sleep durations. Results In Study 1, after controlling for mean sleep duration, greater variability in sleep duration was related to shiftwork (F=8.68, p=.003), younger age (r=-.15, p<.001), male gender (F=4.43, p=.036), and greater vulnerability to stress (r=.15, p=.001). Beyond mean sleep duration, variability in sleep duration also predicted poorer sleep quality (r=.25, p<.001), greater sleepiness during the day (r=.10, p=.014), poorer time management (r=-.09, p=.031), lower work efficiency (r=-.14, p=.002), and more procrastination (r=.11, p=.009). In Study 2, variability in actigraphy-defined sleep duration increased as the semester progressed (ISD=1.25±0.55 hours at T1; ISD=1.57±0.80 hours at T2, t=4.64, p<.001). After controlling for mean sleep duration, sleep variability was associated with greater perceived stress (r=.31, p=.002 at T1), poorer sleep quality (r=.39, p<.001 at T1; r=.30, p=.003 at T2), and lower expected grades (r=-.27, p=.01 at T2). Sleep variability was unrelated to depression or perceptions of one’s overall health. Conclusion Keeping regular sleep habits appear just as important as average sleep duration to psychosocial, work, and academic outcomes. Sleep interventions should incorporate specific guidelines on how to promote regular sleep and employers should institute work schedules that promote regularity. Support (if any) This work is supported by the National Science Foundation, Psi Chi Honor Society, and the American Psychological Association.
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Kamara, Rashidatu Fouad, Boniface Oyugi, Ibrahim Franklyn Kamara, Mustapha Kabba, Pryanka Relan, and Thierno Baldé. "Review of the Senegalese Military Emergency Medical Team (EMT) Deployment Following a Tanker Explosion in Freetown, Sierra Leone." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 37, S2 (November 2022): s84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x22001832.
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Background/Introduction:In November 2021, a tanker exploded in Freetown, injuring and killing people. The WHO facilitated a seven-week first deployment of the Senegalese military to support the Ministry of Health (MOH) in providing care to the wounded in three referral hospitals.Objectives:Review the deployed team’s processes and outputs of medical care provided to burns patients.Method/Description:This is a cross-sectional After-Action Review (AAR) debrief of the deployment, including the WHO and MOH staff (n =14) in a virtual workshop. Six thematic areas: mobilization, deployment, coordination, case management activities, national capacity, and community acceptance were analyzed.Results/Outcomes:The WHO facilitated the team’s deployment and mobilized medical supplies and equipment whilst the MOH provided accommodation and logistics through collaboration. The team dispensed their functions with professionalism, adapted to the environment and available resources, and augmented the care provided by the available health workers. They offered additional care: reconstructive surgery, pain management, palliative and wound care, rehabilitation, physiotherapy, and psychosocial counselling, which were initially inadequate. 87 out of 155 patients were discharged home at the end, the national clinicians acquired additional skills, and the community appreciated the team. Despite being perceived as a weakness, the language barrier did not hinder the patient-doctor/nurse relationship or the provision of clinical care.Conclusion:This sub-regional response had significant benefits, including speed, political acceptability, and health context experience to support rapid and safe deployment. Mechanisms to facilitate rapid and quality-assured deployment of EMTs at regional and sub-regional levels in collaboration with WHO should be strengthened in region to support future responses.
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Arora, Ridhi, and Santosh Rangnekar. "Dispositional traits influence on mentoring relationships." South Asian Journal of Global Business Research 5, no. 3 (October 17, 2016): 306–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sajgbr-04-2016-0030.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the role of personality factors in influencing mentoring relationships in the South-Asian context. Design/methodology/approach The sample included 363 subjects from public and private sector organizations in North India. Findings Results revealed that in the Indian context, conscientiousness acts as significant predictor of perceived psychosocial mentoring, agreeableness acts as significant predictor of perceived career mentoring support, and emotional stability acts as significant predictor of both categories of mentoring relationships. Further, managers employed in public sector organizations were found to be high on all the Big Five personality factors and mentoring functions in contrast to managers from private sector organizations. Research limitations/implications Overall, the results suggest that mentoring relationships should operate in organizations with a firm understanding of employees’ personality traits. Implications and future research directions were also discussed. Further, suggestions have also been given for incorporating various interventions in order to handle employees with different personality attributes such as counseling for helping emotionally unstable employees manage their emotions and stress. Originality/value To the knowledge, this is the first study that seeks to examine impact of personality factors on mentoring relationships in the South-Asian context.
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Davis, Esther L., Frank P. Deane, and Geoffrey C. B. Lyons. "Acceptance and valued living as critical appraisal and coping strengths for caregivers dealing with terminal illness and bereavement." Palliative and Supportive Care 13, no. 2 (April 30, 2014): 359–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1478951514000431.
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AbstractObjective:Informal caregivers of palliative care patients play an essential role in the coordination of care for patients during their final phases of life. However, undertaking a caregiving role can have enduring psychological consequences for caregivers and interfere with functioning. Studies have investigated a variety of factors associated with individual differences in caregiver psychosocial outcomes, but little is known about their relative impact, and there is a need for guiding models to support research in this area.Method:A review of the literature was conducted on factors influencing the psychological distress and grief of caregivers. Drawing from acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) and Stroebe and colleagues' integrative risk factor framework, we developed a process model to describe individual differences in caregiver psychological distress and grief.Results:The model presents caregiver psychological distress and grief as functions of death attitudes and communication about death and dying, mediated by acceptance and valued living from an ACT perspective. An outline of the empirical and theoretical underpinnings for each component in the model is provided.Significant of results:The presented model is an inherently strengths-based model that is concordant with acceptance- and values- (ACT) based interventions to facilitate coping in caregivers.
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Yang, Chunjiang, Nan Guo, Yuting Wang, and Chunling Li. "The effects of mentoring on hotel staff turnover." International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management 31, no. 10 (October 14, 2019): 4086–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijchm-07-2017-0398.
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Purpose Mentoring was considered as an efficient way to facilitate staff attachment with hotels. Such a strong attachment has been demonstrated to reduce employees’ intention to quit. This study aims to investigate the mediating roles of organizational and occupational embeddedness in the relationships between mentoring functions and turnover intention. Design/methodology/approach The responses were collected from a sample of 354 employees in four hotels group across three Chinese provinces. A structural equation model (SEM) was applied to test the model and mediating roles of organizational and occupational embeddedness. Findings The results of SEM suggest that both organizational and occupational embeddedness mediated the relationships between mentoring functions (career and psychosocial support) and turnover intention. Specifically, employees who are able to receive successful mentoring can easily embed in their organization and occupation. Thus, these employees are reluctant to leave. Research limitations/implications Although this study reveals the important role of mediation, it has several limitations. First, the data drawn from Hebei, Beijing and Zhejiang provinces may lack geography representativeness. Second, this paper neglects potential moderating role of certain personal or context factors. Third, the time lag between the three data collections are not the same. Practical implications Managers should retain proper employees by introducing mentoring programs. Furthermore, to increase organizational and occupational embeddedness, managers should also consider the person-organization/occupation attachments of this industry. Originality/value This study tests organizational and occupational embeddedness simultaneously as mediators between mentoring and turnover intention through data obtained from the Chinese hotels.
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Faria, I., C. Silva, F. Sola, and K. Ramos. "Neuropsychological performance in alcohol use disorder: a Portuguese study." European Psychiatry 65, S1 (June 2022): S832—S833. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2022.2156.
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Introduction Alcohol consumption has devastating psychosocial and health consequences, with effects on cognitive functions. Recent studies have highlighted that patients with diagnosis of alcohol dependence syndrome have cognitive deficits in executive function, visuospatial ability, attention, procedural memory, verbal fluency and processing speed. Objectives The aim of this study is to characterize the sociodemographic and clinical patterns of the study sample and the cognitive deterioration severity and type. Methods A retrospective observational study was conducted with patients who had alcohol use disorder diagnosis at Dual Pathology Outpatient and Inpatient Unity, Psychiatry Department, at Coimbra Hospital and University Center, Portugal. Patients were admitted from 1/1/2016 and 30/09/2021, and submitted at neuropsychological structured evaluation. From the initial sample, major neurocognitive disorder, intellectual development disorder, cerebrovascular accident, traumatic brain injury and neurosurgery were excluded. Results The results show significant cognitive impairment in executive function, memory, verbal fluency and visuospatial ability. Conclusions Our results support the hypothesis of widespread impairment resulting from alcohol consumption. Cognitive impairment can limit the psychotherapeutic intervention, the adherence to pharmacological therapy and abstinence maintenance. The sheer presence of alcohol use disorder should encourage a neuropsychological evaluation. Further studies are needed in this area to prevent and outline an early intervention. Disclosure No significant relationships.
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Yustiasari, Novian. "PENGARUH SMALL GROUP DISCUSSION TERHADAP PENERIMAAN DIRI PASIEN GAGAL GINJAL KRONIS YANG MENJALANI HEMODIALISIS." Media Husada Journal Of Nursing Science 3, no. 1 (March 21, 2022): 39–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.33475/mhjns.v3i1.75.
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The negative impact of decreased body functions and psychosocial changes in patients with CKD is self-acceptance that low. Small group discussion (SGD) is a method to increase self-acceptance. This study aims to determine the effect of SGD on self-acceptance of CKD patients undertaking hemodialysis at RSUD Dr. Saiful Anwar Malang. The design of this study are pre experimental and design used is th e one group pre-test post-test . Instrument is used is my sheet questionnaire. The sample in this study was 20 patients with CKD who underwent therapy hemodialysis by using technique purposive sampling . The results of the study obtained that 50% of self- acceptance before the SGD was carried out had low self-acceptance, and none had very high self-acceptance criteria. Meanwhile, after the SGD was done , the patient's self-acceptance became the majority of respondents, 55% high self-acceptance. Based uji Wilcoxon results significantly (P <0.05 ). The study says that terdapat influence SGD self-acceptance in patients with CKD who undertaking hemodialysis which caused their support between the patient and the similarity of the feelings of patients to exchange experiences, share about how to resolve the problem . Suggestions subsequent studies add to the frequency of meetings to conduct small group.