Journal articles on the topic 'Psychosocial benefits wellbeing'
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Crowe, PhD, LRT/CTRS, Brandi M., Claire K. Allison, MS, LRT/CTRS, Marieke Van Puymbroeck, PhD, CTRS, FDRT, Em V. Adams, MS, CTRS, and Arlene A. Schmid, PhD, OTR, FAOTA. "Exploring the physical and psychosocial benefits of yoga for adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities." American Journal of Recreation Therapy 18, no. 4 (December 1, 2019): 38–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.5055/ajrt.2019.0201.
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Individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) often experience negative physical and psychosocial health outcomes that may result in lower levels of engagement in physical activity and decreased quality of life. Physical activity, such as yoga, may improve physical functioning and psychosocial wellbeing among individuals with IDD. There is a lack of published research that evaluates outcomes of yoga participation for individuals with IDD. Thus, the purpose of this multimethod study was to explore the influence of yoga participation on the physical functioning and psychosocial wellbeing of adults with IDD. Eleven adults with IDD engaged in 12, 60-minute yoga sessions for 7 weeks. Results indicated significant improvements in participants’ lower body strength and endurance, and their interest and enjoyment as motivation for participating in physical activity. Findings suggest that yoga has the potential to improve physical functioning and psychosocial wellbeing among adults with IDD. Recommendations for future research are included.
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Dunstan, Debra A., Amanda K. Falconer, and Ian R. Price. "The Relationship Between Hope, Social Inclusion, and Mental Wellbeing in Supported Employment." Australian Journal of Rehabilitation Counselling 23, no. 1 (May 10, 2017): 37–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jrc.2017.5.
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This study explored the relationships between hope, social inclusion, and mental wellbeing in a sample of people in recovery from mental illness. Participants were 70 adults (60% male) with a psychiatric disability (71.4% schizophrenia) who were engaged in supported employment by an Australian Disability Enterprise. Compared to others diagnosed with a mental disorder, the participants in this study had higher levels of hope, social inclusion, and mental wellbeing, and lower levels of psychological distress. Hope and social inclusion predicted mental wellbeing, with social inclusion partially mediating the relationship between the other two constructs. Participants reported experiencing the psychosocial benefits of work (e.g., structured activity and a shared purpose) but were dissatisfied with their wages. The findings support Jahoda's Latent Deprivation theory of social inclusion and the psychosocial benefits of work participation to recovery from mental illness.
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Gresham, Bronwyn, Vanna Garrick, Lisa Chee, and Cassandra Scott. "RMIT together: An integrated mental health promotion campaign designed to build wellbeing and connection during the COVID-19 pandemic." Journal of the Australian and New Zealand Student Services Association 29, no. 1 (May 24, 2021): 93–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.30688/janzssa.2021.1.07.
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With the unfolding COVID-19 pandemic, physical distancing requirements and new psychosocial risks, the RMIT Wellbeing team andleaders in the community focussedon responding to the changing needs of students and staff. Communication of reliable, timely and evidence-based information through the lens of mental health and wellbeing was a top priority. The ‘RMIT Together’ campaign was designed to bring the whole community together, creating new online groups to foster peer connection and coping skills development. This case study demonstrates the various functions and wellbeing benefits that mental health and wellbeing promotion, prevention and education can play during periods of unforeseen life-changing global stress. It also demonstrates the sustainability of such interventions to build community resilience and mental wellbeing.
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Dam, Seshnee L., and Daniel JA Rhind. "The perceived benefits of community-based group exercise sessions for survivors of stroke." International Journal of Therapy and Rehabilitation 27, no. 2 (February 2, 2020): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/ijtr.2016.0049.
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Background/aims Post-stroke physical disability, cognitive impairment and emotional trauma can adversely affect the wellbeing of people who have survived stroke. Active participation in group exercise programmes has been advocated as an intervention to potentially enhance wellbeing. This study adopted a qualitative approach to explore the experiences of survivors of stroke who were participating in ongoing community-based group exercise sessions and their impact on subjective wellbeing. Methods Interviews were conducted with 12 participants from four community-based group exercise sessions. Of these, 6 were survivors of stroke (44–60 years) and the remaining 6 participants comprised caregivers, group coordinators and/or instructors, who were closely involved with sessions attended by the stroke survivors. Results Thematic analysis revealed that participation in community-based group exercise sessions offered survivors opportunities for building confidence; enhancing motivation; improving physical ability of affected limbs; enhancing interpersonal relationships; and providing support and knowledge. Participants all agreed that these physical and psychosocial benefits contributed to improved wellbeing and this supported previous research on the benefits of group work. Conclusions Participants explained how community-based group exercise sessions had facilitated their recovery journey and hence it is recommended that such programmes are made available, accessible and affordable to survivors of stroke.
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Kinman, Gail, Andrew James Clements, and Jacqui Hart. "Work-related wellbeing in UK prison officers: a benchmarking approach." International Journal of Workplace Health Management 9, no. 3 (September 12, 2016): 290–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijwhm-09-2015-0054.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the well-being of UK prison officers by utilising a benchmarking approach. Design/methodology/approach The Health and Safety Executive (HSE) Stress Indicator Tool is widely used in the UK to assess key psychosocial hazards in the workplace encompassing demands, control, support from managers and co-workers, relationship quality, role and change management. This study utilises this approach to examine the extent to which a sample of UK prison officers meets the HSE recommended minimum standards for the management of work-related well-being. Levels of mental health and job satisfaction in the sector are also assessed using measures with extensive occupational norms. The psychosocial hazards that make the strongest contribution to mental health and job satisfaction are also considered. Findings Respondents reported lower levels of well-being for all of the hazard categories than recommended. Moreover, mental health and job satisfaction were considerably poorer among prison officers than other occupational groups within the emergency and security services in the UK. Considerable variation was found in the psychosocial hazards that predicted mental health and job satisfaction. Practical implications The high levels of stressors and strains experienced by UK prison officers gives serious cause for concern. Priority areas for interventions to enhance well-being in the sector are considered and areas for future research discussed. Originality/value This study highlights the wide-ranging benefits of a benchmarking approach to investigate work-related stressors and strains at the sector level.
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Taylor, J., M. Salvagno, R. Morris, M. Hutchings, and M. Bobeva. "Evaluating and measuring how new technologies and ubiquitous connectivity affect university students’ psychosocial wellbeing." Psychology Teaching Review 24, no. 1 (2018): 21–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.53841/bpsptr.2018.24.1.21.
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Where universities focus on the benefits of technology-enhanced learning (TEL), they tend to underestimate the impact on learners’ experiences and wellbeing. The goal of the research reported in this article was to investigate how new technologies and ubiquitous connectivity affect students’ day-to-day life, learning habits and consequent psychosocial wellbeing. A mixed methods approach was taken to allow qualitative data (stage 1) to inform the development of a quantitative measure (stage 2). Stage 1 involved 88 students and eight staff participating in semi-structured interviews and focus groups. Constructivist grounded theory found that students used ubiquitous connectivity to enhance wellbeing by satisfying four basic psychological desires and needs: ease, freedom, engagement and security. However, students’ wellbeing seems negatively affected by their struggles in coping with the ubiquitous availability of resources, in managing: information, communication and expectations regarding support. From stage 1, the factors from the model of students’ psychosocial wellbeing helped develop a quantitative measure and the development of this Learning Technique Well-being Scale (LTWS) is described in stage 2. The LTWS was completed by 102 students on various courses and levels at one University. Preliminary analysis shows that the scale differentiates between five different learning techniques (tutor contact, lectures, published books, student-student discussion and course handouts) in terms of negative and positive emotional perceptions. Further research will involve thorough testing of the LTWS across different courses, ages and gender.
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SOBIESZCZYK, TERESA, JOHN KNODEL, and NAPAPORN CHAYOVAN. "Gender and wellbeing among older people: evidence from Thailand." Ageing and Society 23, no. 6 (October 29, 2003): 701–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0144686x03001429.
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Researchers and international organisations frequently suggest that older women are disadvantaged in comparison with older men. This analysis of census and survey data from Thailand, however, indicates a far more complex association between gender and various aspects of ageing. Through an examination of various demographic, economic, psychosocial and health variables, it is found that older Thai women do face certain disadvantages compared to their male counterparts, including lower education and literacy, far higher levels of widowhood and living alone, and a lower likelihood of receiving formal retirement benefits. Older Thai men, however, also face relative disadvantages, including worse survivorship, a lower likelihood of receiving money from adult children, a greater probability of debt and other financial problems, and lower satisfaction with their financial situation. Many other demographic, psychosocial and economic measures are not significantly associated with gender. Our analysis provides some support for a lifecourse perspective, that relates gender differences in old age to differences in earlier life experiences, roles and reward structures, particularly access to retirement pensions and the type of support older men and women provide for their co-resident children. Marital status often mediates gender differences in wellbeing among older people. The study concludes with research and policy recommendations.
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Lin, Peilin, Paul G. Morris, Jingni Ma, and Joanne M. Williams. "A Systematic Review of Horticultural Therapy’s Influence on Chinese Older Adults’ Psychosocial Wellbeing." Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine 8 (April 2022): 233372142210938. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/23337214221093891.
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Aim: This systematic review aims to evaluate changes in Chinese older adults’ psychosocial wellbeing after receiving horticultural therapy, and examine existing evidence regarding horticultural therapy’s effectiveness in a Chinese setting. Method: Intervention studies measuring relevant outcomes amongst older adults and conducted in China were identified from ASSIA, CIHAHL Plus, PsycINFO, EMBASE, MEDLINE, SCOPUS, Web of Science Core Collection and CNKI. Cochrane risk of bias assessment tools were used to appraise study quality. Result: 16 studies were selected, among which four were published in English and 12 in Chinese. Findings suggested that after receiving horticultural therapy, older adults’ psychosocial wellbeing is generally improved, but causal relationships between improvements and horticulture therapy were less clear. Conclusion: Features of horticultural therapy conducted in China is with its cultural and social uniqueness. Existing evidence supports the post-intervention benefits on completion of horticultural therapies, but the limitations in programme design, sample representativeness and methodological robustness limited the quality of the evidence.
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Bisung, Elijah, and Susan J. Elliott. "‘Everyone is exhausted and frustrated’: exploring psychosocial impacts of the lack of access to safe water and adequate sanitation in Usoma, Kenya." Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development 6, no. 2 (May 14, 2016): 205–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/washdev.2016.122.
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The lack of access to safe water and adequate sanitation pose significant health challenges for many individuals and communities in low and middle-income countries. Aside from direct health issues, the lack of access to safe water and adequate sanitation is increasingly associated with psychosocial concerns that affect the wellbeing of individuals and communities. However, the nature of these concerns has received little attention in peer-reviewed literature. This paper draws on environmental stress and ecosocial theories to explore psychosocial concerns related to water and sanitation in Usoma, a lakeshore community in Western Kenya. The study used qualitative key informant interviews (n = 9) and focus group discussions (n = 10). Results reveal deep feelings of anxiety and frustration, embarrassment, negative identity, feelings of marginalization, and lack of self-efficacy. These stressors were a byproduct of daily lived experiences associated with lack of access to safe water and adequate sanitation, as well as the coping strategies people adopted. The paper suggests that benefits of water interventions transcend disease reduction to improved wellbeing through complex social pathways. The findings contribute to knowledge gaps within the water–health nexus and direct policy responses toward largely unexplored psychosocial concerns associated with water and sanitation.
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Dickson-Swift, Virginia, Christopher Fox, Karen Marshall, Nicky Welch, and Jon Willis. "What really improves employee health and wellbeing." International Journal of Workplace Health Management 7, no. 3 (September 2, 2014): 138–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijwhm-10-2012-0026.
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Purpose – Factors for successful workplace health promotion (WHP) are well described in the literature, but often sourced from evaluations of wellness programmes. Less well understood are the features of an organisation that contribute to employee health which are not part of a health promotion programme. The purpose of this paper is to inform policy on best practice principles and provide real life examples of health promotion in regional Victorian workplaces. Design/methodology/approach – Individual case studies were conducted on three organisations, each with a health and wellbeing programme in place. In total, 42 employers and employees participated in a face to face interview. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and the qualitative data were thematically coded. Findings – Employers and senior management had a greater focus on occupational health and safety than employees, who felt that mental/emotional health and happiness were the areas most benefited by a health promoting workplace. An organisational culture which supported the psychosocial needs of the employees emerged as a significant factor in employee's overall wellbeing. Respectful personal relationships, flexible work, supportive management and good communication were some of the key factors identified as creating a health promoting working environment. Practical implications – Currently in Australia, the main focus of WHP programmes is physical health. Government workplace health policy and funding must expand to include psychosocial factors. Employers will require assistance to understand the benefits to their business of creating environments which support employee's mental and emotional health. Originality/value – This study took a qualitative approach to an area dominated by quantitative biomedical programme evaluations. It revealed new information about what employees really feel is impacting their health at work.
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Rodriguez, Kerri E., Jamie Greer, Jane K. Yatcilla, Alan M. Beck, and Marguerite E. O’Haire. "The effects of assistance dogs on psychosocial health and wellbeing: A systematic literature review." PLOS ONE 15, no. 12 (December 2, 2020): e0243302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0243302.
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Beyond the functional tasks that assistance dogs are trained for, there is growing literature describing their benefits on the psychosocial health and wellbeing of their handlers. However, this research is not only widely disparate but, despite its growth, has not been reviewed since 2012. Our objective was to identify, summarize, and methodologically evaluate studies quantifying the psychosocial effects of assistance dogs for individuals with physical disabilities. Following PRISMA guidelines, a systematic review was conducted across seven electronic databases. Records were independently screened by two authors. Studies were eligible for inclusion if they assessed outcomes from guide, hearing, medical, or mobility service dogs, if they collected original data on handlers’ psychosocial functioning, and if the outcome was measured quantitatively with a validated, standardized measure. Studies on psychiatric service dogs, emotional support dogs, and pet dogs were excluded. Of 1,830 records screened, 24 articles were identified (12 publications, 12 theses) containing 27 studies (15 cross-sectional, 12 longitudinal). Studies assessed the effects of mobility (18), hearing (7), guide (4), and medical (2) assistance dog partnerships with an average sample size of N = 83. An analysis of 147 statistical comparisons across the domains of psychological health, quality of life, social health, and vitality found that 68% of comparisons were null, 30% were positive in the hypothesized direction, and 2% were negative. Positive outcomes included significant effects of having an assistance dog on psychological wellbeing, emotional functioning, self-esteem, and vitality. However, it is of note that several methodological weaknesses of the studies make it difficult to draw any definitive conclusions, including inadequate reporting and a failure to account for moderating or confounding variables. Future research will benefit from stronger methodological rigor and reporting to account for heterogeneity in both humans and assistance dogs as well as continued high-quality replication.
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Minghetti, Alice, Lars Donath, Lukas Zahner, Henner Hanssen, and Oliver Faude. "Beneficial effects of an intergenerational exercise intervention on health-related physical and psychosocial outcomes in Swiss preschool children and residential seniors: a clinical trial." PeerJ 9 (April 27, 2021): e11292. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.11292.
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Background Intergenerational exercise possesses the potential to becoming an innovative strategy for promoting physical activity in seniors and children. Although this approach has gained attraction within the last decade, controlled trials on physical and psychosocial effects have not been performed yet. Methods Sixty-eight healthy preschool children (age: 4.9 y (SD 0.7)) and 47 residential seniors (age: 81.7 y (7.1)) participated in this five-armed intervention study. All participants were assigned to either an intergenerational (IG), peer (PG) or a control group (CON). Children were tested on gross motor skills (TGMD-2), jump performance and handgrip strength. Social-emotional skills questionnaires (KOMPIK) were assessed by kindergarten teachers. Seniors performed the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB), including gait speed. Arterial stiffness parameters were also examined. Questionnaires assessing psychosocial wellbeing were filled in with staff. IG and PG received one comparable exercise session a week lasting 45 minutes for 25-weeks. CON received no intervention. Measurements were performed before and after the intervention. Results In children: IG improved all measured physical parameters. When adjusted for baseline values, large effects were observed in favor of IG compared to CON in TGMD-2 (Cohen’s d=0.78 [0.33;1.24]) and in handgrip strength (d = 1.07 [0.63;1.51]). No relevant differences were found in KOMPIK between groups (−0.38<d≤0.14). In seniors: IG showed moderate to very large improvements in all main physical performance (0.61<d≤2.53) and psychosocial parameters (0.89<d≤1.20) compared to CON. Conclusion IG children showed large benefits in motor skills compared to CON while IG seniors benefit especially in psychosocial wellbeing and functional mobility necessary for everyday life. Intergenerational exercise is comparable and in certain dimensions superior to peer group exercise and a promising strategy to integratively improve mental health as well as physical fitness in preschool children and residential seniors.
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Wilfond, Benjamin S., Karen H. Rothenberg, Elizabeth J. Thomson, and Caryn Lerman. "Cancer Genetic Susceptibility Testing: Ethical and Policy Implications for Future Research and Clinical Practice." Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 25, no. 4 (1997): 243–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-720x.1997.tb01406.x.
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Genetic testing for cancer susceptibility is an application of biotechnology that has the potential both to improve the psychosocial and physical wellbeing of the population and to cause significant psychosocia1 and physical harms. In spite of the uncertain value of genetic testing, it has captured the interest of biotechnology companies, researchers, health care providers, and the public. As more tests become feasible, pressure may increase to make the tests available and reimbursable. Both the benefits and harms of these tests lie not as much in the tests themselves, as in their power to predict or alter the future. The value of the tests does not derive from the information per se, but from the ability to communicate effectively the information to patients and providers, and the behavioral responses of patients, providers, and others to this information.
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Van Breda, A., D. De Cock, C. Vervloesem, M. Doumen, D. Bertrand, S. Pazmino, R. Westhovens, and P. Verschueren. "POS0300 DOES COGNITIVE BEHAVIORAL THERAPY IMPROVE PSYCHOSOCIAL OUTCOME IN RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS: A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 80, Suppl 1 (May 19, 2021): 375. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-eular.4090.
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Background:Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory auto-immune disease impacting both physical and mental wellbeing of patients. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), a psycho-social intervention aiming to revert maladaptive thinking and dysfunctional behavior, could improve psychosocial wellbeing in patients with RA. However, it is unclear which CBT components are most successful in improving wellbeing and if certain subpopulations might be more sensitive to CBT therapy.Objectives:To summarize in a systematic literature review, the effect of CBT on psychosocial outcomes in RA, focussing on most successful components and which patient subgroups benefit most from CBT.Methods:A search was conducted with the support of a health sciences librarian at the KU Leuven Biomedical Library from inception until 28.06.2020 in 5 electronic databases: PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science Core Collection, Cochrane Library and Cumulated Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL). We included studies in English and Dutch involving patients >18 years old with RA, using cognitive behavioral approaches as intervention, with outcomes related to psychosocial variables. Two reviewers (CV&AVB) independently screened first the titles and abstracts of the studies, and later the full texts for eligibility. A third reviewer (DDC) was consulted if no consensus was found. Quality was assessed by the Critical Appraisals Skills Programme (CASP) RCT checklist.Results:In total, 18 of 1114 retrieved articles could be included (Table 1). Mean age of the participants ranged between 48-63 years with a mean disease duration between 13-16 years. The most used CBT techniques included relaxation training, attention diversion strategies, problem solving skills, goal setting, communication, and social skills training. CBT resulted in ameliorated psychosocial wellbeing related to more active coping styles, improved self-efficacy and reduced perception of disease stressors. Six/18 studies focused on a Ra patient subgroup with an increased psychosocial risk profile, such as high levels of depression. There was limited evidence for an improved treatment effect in these patients because of the elevated levels of psychological distress, but internal motivation seemed key for success.Table 1.Included studiesFirst AuthorYearCountryPopulationMean ageOutcomes assessedO`Leary1988USAN=3049ySelf-efficacy, Depression, Loneliness, perceived stressRadojevic1992USAN=5954yDepression, Anxiety, Pain copingGermond1993SAN=2449yCoping, Health Control, Stress, Mood, ImpactParker1995USAN=14160yLife stress, Daily stressors, helplessness, depression, anxiety, self-efficacy, impactKraaimaat1995NLN=4357yAnxiety, Depression, Social Support, Pain CopingSharpe2001UKN=5556yAnxiety, Depression, CopingEvers2002NLN=6454yAnxiety, Negative mood, Social functioning, Illness cognitions, coping, pain, complianceParker2003USAN=5456yDepression, Stressors, Stress, Anxiety, Helplessness, Self-efficacyVan Lankveld2004NLN=5850yDepression, Anxiety, Stressors, Coping, Social SupportZautra2008USAN=14252yAffect, Depression, Coping, Pain, CatastrophizingHammond2008UKN=16755ySelf-efficacy, distress, Control, Self-ManagementBarsky2010USAN=16853yDistressHewlett2011UKN=11760yAnxiety, Depression, FatigueSharpe2012AUN=10456yAnxiety, DepressionGarnefski2013NL, BEN=8248yDepression, Anxiety, Self-efficacyLumley2014USAN=26655yAnxiety, DepressionVermaak2015AUN=11354yDepression, Anxiety, Self-Efficacy, Distress, QoLHewlett2019UKN=31963yFatigue, Mood, QoL, Self-Efficacy, HelplessnessConclusion:Adding CBT to standard care induces modest improvements in psychosocial outcomes for patients with RA. CBT seems more successful if patients are motivated to reflect on their cognitions and behaviours. However, more research with large-scale studies, focusing also on the critical early disease phase, is needed to investigate the long-term benefits of CBT.Disclosure of Interests:None declared
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Cooray, Devoushi. "The Care Drain and its Effects on the Families Left Behind: A Case Study of Sri Lanka." Comparative Sociology 16, no. 3 (June 2, 2017): 369–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15691330-12341427.
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As growing numbers of women from the global South leave behind their own families to take up domestic work in wealthier countries, this shift in care and emotional resources has created a “care drain” in many migrant-exporting nations. Drawing on in-depth interviews with the families of migrant domestic workers in Sri Lanka, this paper examines how the care deficit caused by low-skilled female migration affects family structures, household relations, and the psychosocial wellbeing of migrants’ families. Highlighting the tension between the economic benefits and social costs of migration, the overall findings of this study suggest that despite economic benefits, low-skilled female migration often works to the social and emotional detriment of the families left behind.
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Johnson, Joana, Alison Culverwell, Sabina Hulbert, Mitch Robertson, and Paul M. Camic. "Museum activities in dementia care: Using visual analog scales to measure subjective wellbeing." Dementia 16, no. 5 (October 13, 2015): 591–610. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1471301215611763.
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Introduction Previous research has shown that people with dementia and caregivers derive wellbeing-related benefits from viewing art in a group, and that facilitated museum object handling is effective in increasing subjective wellbeing for people with a range of health conditions. The present study quantitatively compared the impact of two museum-based activities and a social activity on the subjective wellbeing of people with dementia and their caregivers. Methods A quasi-experimental crossover design was used. People with early to middle stage dementia and caregivers ( N = 66) participated in museum object handling, a refreshment break, and art viewing in small groups. Visual analog scales were used to rate subjective wellbeing pre and post each activity. Results Mixed-design analysis of variances indicated wellbeing significantly increased during the session, irrespective of the order in which the activities were presented. Wellbeing significantly increased from object handling and art viewing for those with dementia and caregivers across pooled orders, but did not in the social activity of a refreshment break. An end-of-intervention questionnaire indicated that experiences of the session were positive. Conclusion Results provide a rationale for considering museum activities as part of a broader psychosocial, relational approach to dementia care and support the use of easy to administer visual analog scales as a quantitative outcome measure. Further partnership working is also supported between museums and healthcare professionals in the development of nonclinical, community-based programs for this population.
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Johnstone, David, Maxine Swingler, and Kate Reid. "The social experience of volunteering for young adult volunteers: An interpretative phenomenological analysis." QMiP Bulletin 1, no. 24 (2017): 42–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.53841/bpsqmip.2017.1.24.42.
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Volunteering is known to benefit not only recipients of services but also the volunteers themselves. Such benefits are especially important in volunteering young adults, who are undergoing a period of rapid transition and psychosocial development. Whilst the impact of volunteering is reasonably well studied in student groups, there is relatively little research on young adult volunteers outside the ‘student as volunteer’ context, despite the fact that this group may present different motivations towards, and benefits from, volunteering. We conducted semi-structured interviews to explore the lived experience of young volunteers. Using the experiential qualitative approach of interpretive phenomenological analysis, prominent themes relating to the social experience of volunteering were explored. These were selected as the topic of this article and are explored under three subthemes: Social belonging; Social motivation to volunteer; Social effects of volunteering on wellbeing and development. Interpretations of the participant’s verbatim are offered and discussed in relation to identity fusion theory and positive youth development.This study was supported through a Carnegie Undergraduate Student Summer Scholarship (2016).
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Thomson, LJ, N. Morse, E. Elsden, and HJ Chatterjee. "Art, nature and mental health: assessing the biopsychosocial effects of a ‘creative green prescription’ museum programme involving horticulture, artmaking and collections." Perspectives in Public Health 140, no. 5 (May 24, 2020): 277–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1757913920910443.
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Aims: To assess the biopsychosocial effects of participation in a unique, combined arts- and nature-based museum intervention, involving engagement with horticulture, artmaking and museum collections, on adult mental health service users. Methods: Adult mental health service users (total n = 46 across two phases) with an average age of 53 were referred through social prescribing by community partners (mental health nurse and via a day centre for disadvantaged and vulnerable adults) to a 10-week ‘creative green prescription’ programme held in Whitworth Park and the Whitworth Art Gallery. The study used an exploratory sequential mixed methods design comprising two phases – Phase 1 (September to December 2016): qualitative research investigating the views of participants ( n = 26) through semi-structured interviews and diaries and Phase 2 (February to April 2018): quantitative research informed by Phase 1 analysing psychological wellbeing data from participants ( n = 20) who completed the UCL Museum Wellbeing Measure pre–post programme. Results: Inductive thematic analysis of Phase 1 interview data revealed increased feelings of wellbeing brought about by improved self-esteem, decreased social isolation and the formation of communities of practice. Statistical analysis of pre–post quantitative measures in Phase 2 found a highly significant increase in psychological wellbeing. Conclusion: Creative green prescription programmes, using a combination of arts- and nature-based activities, present distinct synergistic benefits that have the potential to make a significant impact on the psychosocial wellbeing of adult mental health service users. Museums with parks and gardens should consider integrating programmes of outdoor and indoor collections-inspired creative activities permitting combined engagement with nature, art and wellbeing.
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Kennedy, Claire, and Tiziana Miceli. "Lingua e comunità in coro." Australian Review of Applied Linguistics 40, no. 2 (December 1, 2017): 140–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/aral.40.2.04ken.
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Abstract This article concerns a special learning space populated by Italians and Italian learners: the choir formed in Brisbane as a joint initiative between a community association and the Italian teaching staff at Griffith University. Our aim, in involving our students in the choir, was to bring them together with L1 speakers in an environment that would be stimulating but supportive, given the collective, creative goal. We envisaged that interaction in this space would help develop the students’ language proficiency, intercultural competence, and cultural knowledge, while also bringing the psychosocial benefits of choral singing identified by recent research. These benefits include positive emotions, social support and friendship, an antidote to anxiety and stress, and a shared sense of commitment. Evaluation of findings from the project suggest that the choir did foster students’ learning together with wellbeing.
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Grabovac, Igor, and Jadranka Mustajbegović. "Healthy occupational culture for a worker-friendly workplace / Kultura zdravih organizacija – radna mjesta prijatelji radnika." Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology 66, no. 1 (March 1, 2015): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aiht-2015-66-2558.
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Abstract Work has numerous health and wellbeing benefits, but it also involves physical hazards and psychological exertion. Today the scale has tipped toward psychosocial factors. Workers’ mental health affects their intellectual, emotional, and social growth, as well as work ability, productivity, and ultimately organisational productivity and competitiveness on the market. Even though companies may have an internal hierarchy that lowers stress at work, there are other formal and informal social processes that can affect (positively or negatively) the cohesion within the work unit. Safety culture of an organisation is a product of individual and group values, opinions, competences, and behavioural patterns that determine how occupational health and safety are implemented. Organisations that nurture positive safety culture understand the importance of health and safety and believe in prevention rather than dealing with consequences. Jobs that are stable, autonomous, and reasonably physically and psychologically demanding are far more likely to lower work-related stress and boost worker satisfaction. In fact, employee empowerment is one of the best ways to achieve good psychosocial health at the workplace.
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Mahmoud, Israa H., Eugenio Morello, Chiara Vona, Maria Benciolini, Iliriana Sejdullahu, Marina Trentin, and Karmele Herranz Pascual. "Setting the Social Monitoring Framework for Nature-Based Solutions Impact: Methodological Approach and Pre-Greening Measurements in the Case Study from CLEVER Cities Milan." Sustainability 13, no. 17 (August 27, 2021): 9672. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13179672.
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Nature-based solutions (NBS) are currently being deployed in many European Commission Horizon 2020 projects in reaction to the increasing number of environmental threats, such as climate change, unsustainable urbanization, degradation and loss of natural capital and ecosystem services. In this research, we consider the application of NBS as a catalyst for social inclusivity in urban regeneration strategies, enabled through civic participation in the co-creation of green interventions with respect to social cohesion and wellbeing. This article is focused on a social monitoring framework elaborated within the H2020 CLEVER Cities project, with the city of Milan as a case study. Firstly, we overviewed the major regeneration challenges and expected co-benefits of the project, which are mainly human health and wellbeing, social cohesion and environmental justice, as well as citizen perception about safety and security related to the NBS implementation process. Secondly, we examined the relevance of using NBS in addressing social co-benefits by analyzing data from questionnaires against a set of five major indicators, submitted to citizens and participants of activities during pre-greening interventions: (1) Place, use of space and relationship with nature, (2) Perceived ownership and sense of belonging, (3) Psychosocial issues, social interactions and social cohesion, (4) Citizen perception about safety and security, and lastly, we analyzed (5) knowledge about CLEVER interventions and NBS benefits in relation to socio-demographics of the questionnaires’ respondents. Thirdly, we cross-referenced a wind-rose multi-model of co-benefits analysis for NBS across the regeneration challenges of the project. Because of the COVID-19 emergency, in this research we mainly focused on site observations and online questionnaires, as well as on monitoring pre-greening scenarios in three Urban Living Labs (ULLs) in Milan, namely CLEVER Action Labs. Lastly, this study emphasizes the expected social added values of NBS impact over long-term urban regeneration projects. Insights from the pre-greening surveys results accentuate the importance of the NBS interventions in citizens’ perceptions about their wellbeing, general health and strong sense of neighborhood belonging. A wider interest towards civic participation in co-management and getting informed about NBS interventions in the Milanese context is also noted.
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Crowe, Brandi M., Marieke Van Puymbroeck, and Arlene A. Schmid. "Yoga as Coping: A Conceptual Framework for Meaningful Participation in Yoga." International Journal of Yoga Therapy 26, no. 1 (January 1, 2016): 123–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.17761/1531-2054-26.1.123.
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Yoga facilitates relaxation and connection of mind, body, and spirit through the use of breathing, meditation, and physical postures. Participation in yoga has been extensively linked to decreased stress, and as a result, is considered a therapeutic intervention by many. However, few theories exist that explain the link between yoga participation and improved psychosocial wellbeing. The leisure-stress coping conceptual framework suggests that through participation in leisure, an individual can decrease stress while concurrently restoring and building up sustainable mental and physical capacities. Three types of leisure coping strategies exist: palliative coping, mood enhancement, and companionship. The purpose of this article is to propose the leisure-stress coping conceptual framework as a model for explaining benefits received from yoga participation via leisure coping strategies, which may explain or support improved ability to manage stress.
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Swierad, Ewelina M., and Terry T. K. Huang. "An Exploration of Psychosocial Pathways of Parks’ Effects on Health: A Qualitative Study." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 15, no. 8 (August 8, 2018): 1693. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15081693.
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Urban green space has been positively associated with psychological and physical health. However, the linkage between exposure to parks and health outcomes remains unclear. The current study examined the meanings that people assign to city parks, as a way to understand the pathways by which parks exert their effects on health. We conducted qualitative interviews with twenty culturally diverse residents in New York City. Thematic analysis was performed on the qualitative data. Results showed that all themes identified were related to parks fulfilling a basic human need for connection to (1) family, loved ones, and friends; (2) community and neighborhood; (3) self; and (4) nature. Based on these data, we proposed a human-centered framework for future research and interventions aimed at catalyzing parks as a vehicle to improve health and wellbeing. A human-centered approach emphasizes targeting the deep-seated needs and values of those we seek to engage and for whom health promotion and disease prevention efforts are designed. Our study shows that park transformations need to incorporate careful considerations of the human need for connection on multiple levels, so that park usage and its consequent health benefits may be optimized.
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Bally, Jill M. G., Meridith Burles, Shelley Spurr, Lorraine Holtslander, Heather Hodgson-Viden, Roona Sinha, and Marcelline Zimmer. "Keeping Hope Possible Toolkit: The Development and Evaluation of a Psychosocial Intervention for Parents of Infants, Children and Adolescents with Life Limiting and Life Threatening Illnesses." Children 8, no. 3 (March 12, 2021): 218. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children8030218.
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Background: Globally, many infants and children are diagnosed with illnesses that impose limitations on their well-being and life course trajectory. Children’s care becomes the central focus of family life. Inadequate support for parents is detrimental to their well-being and management of their child’s care and support needs. Methods: The second phase of this evaluation study followed a quasi-experimental crossover design to test a theory-based psychosocial intervention, the Keeping Hope Possible Toolkit. Fifty-nine participants were randomly assigned to one of two sequence groups, with measures of hope, feelings of control, distress, and uncertainty completed pre- and post-intervention, and at a three-month follow-up. Qualitative interviews sought to assess participant experiences with the intervention, along with acceptability and feasibility. Results: Significant influence on parental distress was found, and the qualitative findings reveal benefits of the intervention for parental wellbeing. The intervention effectively offered practical and emotional support to diverse family caregivers. Conclusions: The evidence-informed KHP intervention can be used by healthcare providers to intervene with family caregivers to support their dynamic emotions including hope, need to live in the moment and remember self, and social preferences. In doing so, parents’ critical caregiving activities can be sustained and their child’s health and wellbeing optimized.
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Wong, Anna, and Koji Matsunobu. "DOES MUSICKING IMPROVE WELL-BEING IN LATER LIFE? USING BASIC PSYCHOLOGICAL NEEDS THEORY TO EXPLORE THE QUESTION." Innovation in Aging 3, Supplement_1 (November 2019): S312—S313. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz038.1144.
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Abstract Older adults are vulnerable to developing poor mental health as they experience significant life changes such as retirement, widowhood, living alone, institutionalisation, physical and/or cognitive deterioration in oneself or one’s partner, which are associated with increased depression and loneliness. Understanding the mechanisms and identifying effective measures that strengthen their capacities to cope are therefore very important. Extensive research has suggested that active music-making with others has many psychosocial benefits for older adults. This study explored in detail the musical experiences drawn from different settings of Japanese and Hong Kong music communities. Semi-structured group interviews were conducted for members of music-making groups in Japan and Hong Kong who regularly practised, rehearsed, and performed their instruments together in community settings. A phenomenological approach was used to capture and analyse their lived experiences. A needs satisfaction theoretical framework was adopted to shed light on links between their musical engagement and wellbeing outcomes. Active musical engagement was found to be an important source of support for older musicians’ psychological needs. It was central to their positive identity development and sense of purpose in old age. The presentation will further elaborate on underlying mechanisms that linked social, emotional, and artistic experiences of active musical engagement to wellbeing. This study identified active musical engagement as an effective agent in healthy ageing. Differential manifestations of need-supportive practices in musically and culturally distinct communities in Japan and Hong Kong were also described, giving evidence for the positive value of community music groups for promoting mental health and wellbeing.
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Prado, Lia, Rebecca Hadley, and Dawn Rose. "Taking Time: A Mixed Methods Study of Parkinson’s Disease Caregiver Participation in Activities in Relation to Their Wellbeing." Parkinson's Disease 2020 (April 9, 2020): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/7370810.
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Objectives. Although many studies have shown that psychosocial interventions, such as dance classes, can improve quality of life for people with Parkinson’s disease (PD): few have addressed the role of, and potential benefits to, the caregivers in such activities. This mixed methods study explored the reasons for caregiver participation in a variety of activities and considered whether participation in, or abstention from these, affected the wellbeing of the caregivers. Method. Transcriptions of a focus group (two people with PD, two caregivers) and eight semistructured interviews (caregivers) were analysed using Grounded Theory (GT). To test the hypotheses derived from the GT, caregivers (n = 75) completed an online survey about activities they and the person they care for participated in, alongside the PDQ-Carer questionnaire, to establish the caregiver’s levels of wellbeing. Results. Qualitative findings suggested that caregivers tried to find a balance between caring for the person with PD and participating in activities to attend to their own needs. Reasons for participating in activities for people with PD included being able to socialise in an empathetic safe space, alongside engaging in physical activity that provided some respite distraction, such as dancing with others to music. Reasons for not participating included generating time for oneself and increasing the independence of the person with PD. Quantitative results suggested that most of the participants’ wellbeing was not compromised, although this was gendered: female caregivers reported lower wellbeing scores than male caregivers. Overall, 62% of caregivers participated in joint activities. Linear regression revealed a significant relationship between nonparticipation in daily activities and stress levels for female caregivers only, whereby the more independent the person with PD was, the lower the stress of the caregiver. Conclusion. This study suggests that caregivers of people with PD can find a healthy balance in terms of their own wellbeing by jointly participating in two-thirds of activities while ensuring the remaining third is time reserved for themselves.
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Hansen, Dominique, Nicolle Kraenkel, Hareld Kemps, Matthias Wilhelm, Ana Abreu, Andreas FH Pfeiffer, Alda Jordão, Veronique Cornelissen, and Heinz Völler. "Management of patients with type 2 diabetes in cardiovascular rehabilitation." European Journal of Preventive Cardiology 26, no. 2_suppl (November 13, 2019): 133–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2047487319882820.
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The clinical benefits of rehabilitation in cardiovascular disease are well established. Among cardiovascular disease patients, however, patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus require a distinct approach. Specific challenges to clinicians and healthcare professionals in patients with type 2 diabetes include the prevalence of peripheral and autonomic neuropathy, retinopathy, nephropathy, but also the intake of glucose-lowering medication. In addition, the psychosocial wellbeing, driving ability and/or occupational status can be affected by type 2 diabetes. As a result, the target parameters of cardiovascular rehabilitation and the characteristics of the cardiovascular rehabilitation programme in patients with type 2 diabetes often require significant reconsideration and a multidisciplinary approach. This review explains how to deal with diabetes-associated comorbidities in the intake screening of patients with type 2 diabetes entering a cardiovascular rehabilitation programme. Furthermore, we discuss diabetes-specific target parameters and characteristics of cardiovascular rehabilitation programmes for patients with type 2 diabetes in a multidisciplinary context, including the implementation of guideline-directed medical therapy.
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D'Souza, V., H. Daudt, and A. Kazanjian. "Survivorship care plans for people with colorectal cancer: do they reflect the research evidence?" Current Oncology 23, no. 5 (October 26, 2016): 488. http://dx.doi.org/10.3747/co.23.3114.
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Aim In the present study, we synthesized the published literature about the psychosocial aspects of colorectal cancer (crc) survivorship to support an update of the evidentiary base of the survivorship care plans (scps) created in our jurisdiction.Methods The psychosocial topics identified in the crc scps created by two different initiatives in our province were used as search criteria: quality of life (qol), sexual function, fatigue, and lifestyle behaviors. An umbrella review was conducted to retrieve the best possible evidence. Only reviews that investigated the intended outcomes in crc survivors and those with moderate-to-high methodologic quality scores were included.Results Of 462 retrieved reports, eight reviews met the inclusion criteria for the synthesis. Of those eight, six investigated the challenges of crc survivors and two investigated the effect of physical activity on survivor wellbeing. Our results indicate that emotional and physical challenges are common in crc survivors and that physical activity is associated with clinically important benefits for the fatigue and physical functioning of crc survivors.Conclusions Our study findings update the evidence and indicate that existing scps in our province concerning the physical and emotional challenges of crc survivors reflect the evidence at the time of their issue. However, the literature concerning cancer risks specific to crc survivors is lacking. Although systematic reviews are considered to be the “gold standard” in knowledge synthesis, our findings suggest that much remains to be done in the area of synthesis research to better guide practice in cancer survivorship.
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Perry, Meredith, Lucy Cotes, Benjamin Horton, Rebecca Kunac, Isaac Snell, Blake Taylor, Abbey Wright, and Hemakumar Devan. "“Enticing” but Not Necessarily a “Space Designed for Me”: Experiences of Urban Park Use by Older Adults with Disability." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 2 (January 11, 2021): 552. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18020552.
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Urban parks are spaces that can enhance older adults’ physical, social and psychological wellbeing. As the prevalence of older adults with disability increases, it is important that urban parks are accessible to this population so that they too might gain health benefits. There is limited literature investigating the experiences of urban parks by older adults with disability. This qualitative study, set in a region of New Zealand, explored the experiences, including accessibility, of urban parks by 17 older adults (55 years and older) with self-reported disabilities. Three focus groups (n = 4, 5 and 4 people) and four individual interviews were undertaken. Data were analyzed using the General Inductive Approach. Two primary themes of “Enticing” and “Park use considerations” are presented. Urban parks and green spaces are perceived to provide an environment for older adults with a disability to improve their physical, psychosocial and spiritual health, and social connectedness. Parks that are not age, ability or culture diverse are uninviting and exclusive. Meaningful collaboration between park designers, city councils and people with disability is required to maximize the public health benefits of parks and make parks inviting and accessible for users of all ages, cultures and abilities. Park co-design with people with disability may provide one means of improving accessibility and park usability and thus park participation by older adults with disability.
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Perry, Meredith, Lucy Cotes, Benjamin Horton, Rebecca Kunac, Isaac Snell, Blake Taylor, Abbey Wright, and Hemakumar Devan. "“Enticing” but Not Necessarily a “Space Designed for Me”: Experiences of Urban Park Use by Older Adults with Disability." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 2 (January 11, 2021): 552. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18020552.
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Urban parks are spaces that can enhance older adults’ physical, social and psychological wellbeing. As the prevalence of older adults with disability increases, it is important that urban parks are accessible to this population so that they too might gain health benefits. There is limited literature investigating the experiences of urban parks by older adults with disability. This qualitative study, set in a region of New Zealand, explored the experiences, including accessibility, of urban parks by 17 older adults (55 years and older) with self-reported disabilities. Three focus groups (n = 4, 5 and 4 people) and four individual interviews were undertaken. Data were analyzed using the General Inductive Approach. Two primary themes of “Enticing” and “Park use considerations” are presented. Urban parks and green spaces are perceived to provide an environment for older adults with a disability to improve their physical, psychosocial and spiritual health, and social connectedness. Parks that are not age, ability or culture diverse are uninviting and exclusive. Meaningful collaboration between park designers, city councils and people with disability is required to maximize the public health benefits of parks and make parks inviting and accessible for users of all ages, cultures and abilities. Park co-design with people with disability may provide one means of improving accessibility and park usability and thus park participation by older adults with disability.
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Perasso, Giulia, Alice Maggiore, Allegri Chiara, and Gloria Camurati. "Telematic Intervention based on the Play Specialist Approach in the Covid-19 Era: Benefits for Parents of Children with Clinical Conditions." International Journal of Preventive Medicine and Health 1, no. 1 (November 10, 2020): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.54105/ijpmh.a2005.111120.
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Covid-19 pandemic has changed the routines of families all over the world. From March 2020 up to today, Italian families are still struggling for adaptation. Parents of children and adolescents with a clinical diagnosis are more at risk for parental burnout, depression, and anxiety, and they are now experiencing restrictions in many services families relied on. Home-based and hospital-based interventions based on the Play Specialist’s approach have been limited due to anti-covid norms. Internationally, Play Specialist intervention has been empirically demonstrated effective in diminishing children’s negative emotions in relation to medical procedures and in increasing adaptation and compliance towards medical settings. Plus, Play Specialist’s intervention indirect effect on parental wellbeing is still unexplored. In Italy, differently from UK and USA, the Play Specialist intervention is not certified in the health-care system yet. The present study tests the effects on parental psychosocial health of a telematic adaptation of the Play Specialist approach (TPS), conducted in the post-lockdown months in Italy. Two groups of parents (N=33, Mean age=43.36, SD=9.81, Female= 66% receiving the TPS intervention, and N=33 Mean age=41.84, SD=6.15, Female=78% controls) of children in clinical conditions are compared. Parental burnout, anxiety, stress, depression, social support, and parental perception of children’s emotional problems have been measured via self-report questionnaires. Analysis of covariance reveals that the TPS group is less stressed, perceives higher social support, lower parental burnout (i.e., emotional distancing, contrast with other/previous Self, fed-up feeling), lower emotional and behavioural child’s problems than the control group. These findings are addressed at encouraging both research and practice around the Play Specialist’s intervention beyond the hospital-context.
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Resnik, Linda J., Mathew L. Borgia, Melissa A. Clark, Emily Graczyk, Jacob Segil, and Pengsheng Ni. "Structural validity and reliability of the patient experience measure: A new approach to assessing psychosocial experience of upper limb prosthesis users." PLOS ONE 16, no. 12 (December 28, 2021): e0261865. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0261865.
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Recent advances in upper limb prosthetics include sensory restoration techniques and osseointegration technology that introduce additional risks, higher costs, and longer periods of rehabilitation. To inform regulatory and clinical decision making, validated patient reported outcome measures are required to understand the relative benefits of these interventions. The Patient Experience Measure (PEM) was developed to quantify psychosocial outcomes for research studies on sensory-enabled upper limb prostheses. While the PEM was responsive to changes in prosthesis experience in prior studies, its psychometric properties had not been assessed. Here, the PEM was examined for structural validity and reliability across a large sample of people with upper limb loss (n = 677). The PEM was modified and tested in three phases: initial refinement and cognitive testing, pilot testing, and field testing. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was used to discover the underlying factor structure of the PEM items and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) verified the structure. Rasch partial credit modeling evaluated monotonicity, fit, and magnitude of differential item functioning by age, sex, and prosthesis use for all scales. EFA resulted in a seven-factor solution that was reduced to the following six scales after CFA: social interaction, self-efficacy, embodiment, intuitiveness, wellbeing, and self-consciousness. After removal of two items during Rasch analyses, the overall model fit was acceptable (CFI = 0.973, TLI = 0.979, RMSEA = 0.038). The social interaction, self-efficacy and embodiment scales had strong person reliability (0.81, 0.80 and 0.77), Cronbach’s alpha (0.90, 0.80 and 0.71), and intraclass correlation coefficients (0.82, 0.85 and 0.74), respectively. The large sample size and use of contemporary measurement methods enabled identification of unidimensional constructs, differential item functioning by participant characteristics, and the rank ordering of the difficulty of each item in the scales. The PEM enables quantification of critical psychosocial impacts of advanced prosthetic technologies and provides a rigorous foundation for future studies of clinical and prosthetic interventions.
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Fancourt, Daisy, Katey Warran, Saoirse Finn, and Theresa Wiseman. "Psychosocial singing interventions for the mental health and well-being of family carers of patients with cancer: results from a longitudinal controlled study." BMJ Open 9, no. 8 (August 2019): e026995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-026995.
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ObjectiveThe mental health challenges facing people who care for somebody with cancer are well documented. While many support interventions focus on provision of information or cognitive behavioural therapy, the literature suggests that psychosocial interventions could also be of value, especially given the low social support frequently reported by carers. Singing is a psychosocial activity shown to improve social support, increase positive emotions, and reduce fatigue and stress. This study explored whether weekly group singing can reduce anxiety, depression and well-being in cancer carers over a 6-month period.DesignA multisite non-randomised longitudinal controlled study.SettingThe Royal Marsden National Health Service Trust in Greater London.Participants62 adults who currently care for a spouse, relative or close friend with cancer who had not recently started any psychological therapy or medication.InterventionsOn enrolment, participants selected to join a weekly community choir for 12 weeks (n=33) or continue with life as usual (n=29).Outcome measuresThe primary outcome was mental health using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. The secondary outcome was well-being using the Warwick Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Scale. Using linear mixed effects models, we compared the change in mental health and well-being over time between the two groups while adjusting for confounding variables including demographics, health-related variables, musical engagement and length of time caring.ResultsParticipants in the choir group showed a significantly greater decrease in anxiety over time than participants in the control group (B=−0.94, SE=0.38, p=0.013) and a significantly greater increase in well-being (B=1.25, SE=0.49, p=0.011). No changes were found for depression. Sub-group analyses showed carers with anxiety or below-average well-being were most likely to benefit.ConclusionsThis study builds on previous research showing the mental health benefits of singing for people with cancer by showing that weekly singing can also support anxiety and well-being in cancer carers.
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Meah, Victoria L., Morgan C. Strynadka, Rshmi Khurana, and Margie H. Davenport. "Physical Activity Behaviors and Barriers in Multifetal Pregnancy: What to Expect When You’re Expecting More." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 8 (April 8, 2021): 3907. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18083907.
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The health benefits of prenatal physical activity (PA) are established for singleton pregnancies. In contrast, individuals with multifetal pregnancies (twins, triplets or more) are recommended to restrict or cease PA. The objectives of the current study were to determine behaviors and barriers to PA in multifetal pregnancies. Between 29 May and 24 July 2020, individuals with multifetal pregnancies participated in an online survey. Of the 415 respondents, there were 366 (88%) twin, 45 (11%) triplet and 4 (1%) quadruplet pregnancies. Twenty-seven percent (n = 104/388) of respondents completed no PA at all during pregnancy, 57% (n = 220/388) completed PA below current recommendations, and 16% (n = 64/388) achieved current recommendations (150-min per week of moderate-intensity activity). Most respondents (n = 314/363 [87%]) perceived barriers to PA during multifetal pregnancy. The most prominent were physical symptoms (n = 204/363 [56%]) and concerns about risks to fetal wellbeing (n = 128/363 [35%]). Sixty percent (n = 92/153) felt that these barriers could be overcome but expressed the need for evidence-based information regarding PA in multifetal pregnancy. Individuals with multifetal pregnancies have low engagement with current PA recommendations but remain physically active in some capacity. There are physical and psychosocial barriers to PA in multifetal pregnancy and future research should focus on how these can be removed.
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Van Doren, Shauni, David De Coninck, Kirsten Hermans, and Anja Declercq. "Examining Care Assessment Scores of Community-Dwelling Adults in Flanders, Belgium: The Role of Socio-Psychological and Assessor-Related Factors." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 22 (November 11, 2021): 11845. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182211845.
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One of the primary objectives of health systems is to provide a fair system by providing a comprehensive and holistic approach to caregiving rather than focusing on a single aspect of a person’s care needs. This approach is often embodied by using standardized care assessments across health and social care settings. These assessments are completed by professional assessors and yield vital information regarding a person’s health or contextual characteristics (e.g., civic engagement, psychosocial wellbeing, environmental characteristics, informal care). However, these scores may be subject to bias that endangers the fairness of the health system. In this study, we investigate to what extent socio-economic and psychological indicators and assessor-related indicators are associated with BelRAI Screener care assessment scores amongst 743 community-dwelling adults nested within 92 assessors in Flanders, Belgium. Findings indicate that there is significant variance in scores at the assessor-level. Socio-psychological characteristics of clients are associated with scores: being fluent in Dutch and providing informal care are associated with low care dependency, while living with children, feelings of depression, and the presence of an informal caregiver during assessment are associated with high care dependency. We discuss the importance of rigorous assessor training and the potential for socio-psychological factors to contribute to the allocation of welfare benefits in light of the Flemish home care system’s potential (lack of) fairness.
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Pakarinen, Anni, Lea Hautala, Lotta Hamari, Minna Aromaa, Hannele Kallio, Pirjo-Riitta Liuksila, Matti Sillanpää, and Sanna Salanterä. "The Association between the Preference for Active Play and Neurological Development in Toddlers: A Register-Based Study." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 7 (April 7, 2020): 2525. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17072525.
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Active play is regarded as physical activity during early childhood. Physical activity has many benefits for children’s physical and psychosocial health and wellbeing, as well as for their cognitive development. The aim of this study was to investigate associations between the preference for active play and neurological development in toddlers. The study was conducted as a register-based study, and the data were collected from a public-health clinic’s electronic health records. The register data about active play used in this study were originally assessed by parents at home and by early years teachers at nurseries. Neurological development was assessed by the public health nurses in public child-health clinics. The data eligible for this study were available from 717 toddlers aged 2.5–3.0 years old (mean: 2.5 years ± 2 months). The majority of toddlers (85%) showed a preference for active play, both at home and at the nursery. The prevalence of delays in the neurological development of toddlers varied in different developmental areas (by 1–15%). Delays in gross motor competence, auditory perception, and self-help skills were associated with a lower preference for active play in nursery settings, but none of the neurodevelopmental items were found to be associated with toddlers’ preference for active play at home. Nurseries need to encourage children to actively play and support their gross motor competence and self-help skills.
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Mate, Alfonso, Claudia Reyes-Goya, Álvaro Santana-Garrido, and Carmen M. Vázquez. "Lifestyle, Maternal Nutrition and Healthy Pregnancy." Current Vascular Pharmacology 19, no. 2 (December 30, 2020): 132–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1570161118666200401112955.
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: Healthy lifestyle habits spanning from preconception to postpartum are considered as a major safeguard for achieving successful pregnancies and for the prevention of gestational diseases. Among preconception priorities established by the World Health Organization (WHO) are healthy diet and nutrition, weight management, physical activity, planned pregnancy and physical, mental and psychosocial health. Most studies covering the topic of healthy pregnancies focus on maternal diet because obesity increases the risks for adverse perinatal outcomes, including gestational diabetes mellitus, large for gestational age newborns, or preeclampsia. Thus, foods rich in vegetables, essential and polyunsaturated fats and fibre-rich carbohydrates should be promoted especially in overweight, obese or diabetic women. An adequate intake of micronutrients (e.g. iron, calcium, folate, vitamin D and carotenoids) is also crucial to support pregnancy and breastfeeding. Moderate physical activity throughout pregnancy improves muscle tone and function, besides decreasing the risk of preeclampsia, gestational diabesity (i.e. diabetes associated with obesity) and postpartum overweight. Intervention studies claim that an average of 30 min of exercise/day contributes to long-term benefits for maternal overall health and wellbeing. Other factors such as microbiome modulation, behavioural strategies (e.g. smoking cessation, anxiety/stress reduction and sleep quality), maternal genetics and age, social class and education might also influence the maternal quality of life. These factors contribute to ensure a healthy pregnancy, or at least to reduce the risk of adverse maternal and foetal outcomes during pregnancy and later in life.
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Pescheny, Julia, Gurch Randhawa, and Yannis Pappas. "Patient uptake and adherence to social prescribing: a qualitative study." BJGP Open 2, no. 3 (August 7, 2018): bjgpopen18X101598. http://dx.doi.org/10.3399/bjgpopen18x101598.
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BackgroundSocial prescription is an initiative that aims to link patients in primary care with sources of support within the community and voluntary sector to improve their health, wellbeing, and care experience. Such programmes usually include navigators, who work with referred patients and issue onward referrals to sources of non-medical support. Most research on social prescribing (SP) has focused on outcome evaluations, resulting in a knowledge gap of factors affecting uptake and adherence. Understanding such factors enables the refinement of programmes, which has the potential to enhance uptake and adherence, reduce health inequalities, and optimise investment.AimTo explore the experiences and views of service users, involved GPs, and navigators on factors influencing uptake and adherence to SP.Design & settingQualitative interviews were conducted with stakeholders involved in an SP programme in the east of England (Luton).MethodData were collected from semi-structured face-to-face interviews with service users, navigators, and GPs. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the data.ResultsFactors affecting uptake and adherence to SP were related to patients’ trust in GPs, navigators' initial phone call, supportive navigators and service providers, free services, and perceived need and benefits. Reported barriers to uptake and adherence were fear of stigma of psychosocial problems, patient expectations, and the short-term nature of the programme.ConclusionThis study provides an insight into factors affecting patient uptake and adherence to SP programmes. More research in this field, including patients who refused to participate in SP, is needed.
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Burgess, Kent, Garth Parkhill, Jeremy Wiggins, Simon Ruth, and Mark Stoovè. "Re-Wired: treatment and peer support for men who have sex with men who use methamphetamine." Sexual Health 15, no. 2 (2018): 157. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sh17148.
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Background This paper examines a methamphetamine treatment and peer support program for gay men and other men who have sex with men (MSM) who use methamphetamine. Australian MSM use illicit drugs including methamphetamine at significantly higher rates than the broader community.1,2 Methamphetamine rates are higher again amongst HIV positive MSM. Methamphetamine in the MSM community is associated with sexual activity and may be associated with psychosocial harms including risk of the transmission of HIV and sexually transmissible infections.3,4,7,8 Methods: This paper presents the formal evaluation of Re-Wired, Australia’s first structured methamphetamine treatment and support program for MSM, consisting of a free, six week therapeutic group and Re-Wired 2.0, a follow up peer support group. Data collection included baseline and post intervention administration of the Kessler Scale of Psychological Distress (K10) and the Drug Use Disorders Identification Test (DUDIT), the Personal Wellbeing Index (PWI) and the Readiness to Change Questionnaire (RCQ). This was complemented with qualitative session feedback and a small number of post intervention participant interviews. Results: Program evaluation demonstrated modest improvements in participant psychological distress, personal well-being and stage of change and reductions in methamphetamine use post intervention. Qualitative data revealed benefits of a specialised harm reduction intervention for this population through addressing fear of discrimination and stigma. Conclusions: The presented harm reduction program for MSM who use methamphetamine demonstrates the potential for a specialist peer-based approach to reduce harm in this vulnerable population. This approach may be suitable for adaptation with MSM populations in similar high-income settings.
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McLellan, Linda, Larry Foster, Lisa Rybicki, Jane Dabney, Michele Cooper, Hien Duong, Ronald Sobecks, et al. "The Positive Effect of Inpatient Care-Partners During Allogeneic Bone Marrow Transplantation; A Prospective Trial." Blood 116, no. 21 (November 19, 2010): 931. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v116.21.931.931.
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Abstract Abstract 931 We have previously reported a retrospective study describing the positive impact on survival of allogeneic bone marrow transplant (BMT) recipients having a consistent care-partner during their inpatient hospitalization. To validate these observations, in 2003 we launched a prospective trial comparing the clinical and psychosocial outcomes of ablative allogeneic BMT patients with inpatient care-partners to those who did not have a care-partner. Every ablative allogeneic BMT patient transplanted from 10/03 – 11/08 was asked to enroll on this study and 164 of 213 enrolled. Reasons for not participating were medical illness severity precluding completion of psychosocial form, language barriers, and care-partners unwilling to participate. As part of the study, BMT social workers completed a Psychosocial Assessment of Candidates for Transplantation (PACT) scale, and patients completed three psychometric instruments: Brief COPE scale, Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy – Bone Marrow Transplantation (FACT-BMT) scale, and Profile of Mood States – Short Form (POMS) at five time points (pre-admission to 12 months post transplant). For the purposes of this study, a consistent care-partner was defined as one person being on the inpatient BMT unit with the patient five or more days per week. The total study population was 164 patients, 88 with care-partners and 76 without. The most common diagnosis was AML, followed by ALL, MDS, and CML. There was no difference between groups with and without care-partners in primary diagnosis, time from diagnosis to transplant, related versus unrelated transplants, disease status, donor source, co-morbidity status or age (median age was 44 years old). At baseline, patients with a care-partner had better physical wellbeing on FACT-BMT (p=0.014) and better (lower) scores for substance use on Brief COPE (p=0.007), but worse scores for planning (p=0.049) then patients with no care-partner. There were no significant differences of mood state scores between the two groups at baseline. The median follow-up is 41.2 months (range 16.4 – 73.7). The amount of time the care-partner actually stayed with the patient was recorded on a weekly log. Sixty percent of care-partners were spouse and thirty percent were parents. Sixty-six percent were employed and fourteen percent were retired. Eighty-seven percent lived with the patient prior to admission. The care-partners were with the patients a median of 7.5 hours per day. As shown below, patients with a consistent care-partner had a statistically significant improvement in survival. Twenty-nine percent of patients without care-partners are still alive versus forty-seven percent of those with care-partners. The survival curves diverge approximately six months post transplant. Forty-six percent of patients in the non care-partner group died of infections/pneumonia, or other organ failure versus twenty-five percent in the care-partner group. Univariable and multivariable analysis confirmed that the presence of a consistent care-partner favorably influenced survival. In conclusion, we have verified our retrospective observation that the presence of a consistent care-partner improves survival. The mechanisms are unclear. The fact that the survival curves begin to diverge six months post transplant suggest that the benefit of a consistent care-partner during the hospitalization may translate into extended benefits post transplant. Alternatively, the care-partner relationship may be more important post-transplant and influence compliance or other variables. Our goal for future research is to attempt to define the benefit of the care-partner relationship and determine interventions for those without care-partners. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Raouna, Aigli, Ruaridh Malcolm, Raquib Ibrahim, and Angus MacBeth. "Promoting sensitive parenting in ‘at-risk’ mothers and fathers: A UK outcome study of Mellow Babies, a group-based early intervention program for parents and their babies." PLOS ONE 16, no. 2 (February 3, 2021): e0245226. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0245226.
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Background The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of Mellow Babies (MB) in the UK. MB is a 14-week early parenting intervention program that is delivered in groups and is targeted at ‘at-risk’ parents (both mothers and fathers) and their babies up to 18 months old. Method The study used a pragmatic pre-post intervention design. Outcomes were parental mental health, parenting confidence, quality of life, socio-emotional development of children, and perceived parent-child relationship. Fifteen groups representing n = 91 parent-baby dyads were recruited across the UK between 2017–2018. The sample consisted of 10 Mellow Mums groups (70 mother-baby dyads) and 5 Mellow Dads groups (21 father-baby dyads). Intention-to-treat and ‘completer’ analyses were performed. Results Findings suggest short-term positive outcomes for parents attending MB. Completion of the program was associated with significant improvements in anxiety and overall wellbeing, parenting confidence, and perceived closeness of the parent-child relationship. The significance of these improvements, except for parenting confidence, was maintained in the intention-to-treat analysis. MB engaged and retained a high proportion of parents who could be considered ‘at-risk’ and benefitted fathers and mothers attending the intervention equally. Conclusions This is the first prospective study to explore MB participation for both mothers and fathers and to indicate engagement and potential benefits specifically for ‘at-risk’ parents. Findings further demonstrate the effectiveness of MB as an early intervention program for parents experiencing psychosocial difficulties. Replication by studies using a contrast or control group also incorporating follow-up data would further improve the evidence base for MB.
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Eiroa-Orosa, Francisco José, Maria Jesús San Pío, Gemma Marcet, Isabela Sibuet, and Emilio Rojo. "Interaction between the Participation in and the Impact on Mental Health Service Users and Their Relatives of a Multicomponent Empowerment-Based Psychosocial Intervention." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 21 (October 26, 2022): 13935. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192113935.
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Relatives play an important role in the recovery journey of mental health service users. Interventions directed either at service users or their relatives may influence the other person as well. The project ‘Activa’t per la salut mental’ (Get active for mental health) consisted of a series of four interventions addressed at people diagnosed with mental disorders and their relatives to help them in their recovery process, increasing their agency and quality of life. The main objective of the present study is to evaluate the interaction of the participation of service users on their relatives’ outcomes and vice versa. The impact of the project was evaluated within a randomised controlled trial. The treatment group had access to all the circuit interventions, while the control group received treatment as usual and could only access one of the interventions. All participants were evaluated at baseline, six months, and twelve months after the end of the first intervention. Service users were evaluated with the Stages of Recovery Instrument, and relatives with the Family Burden Interview Schedule II and the Duke-UNC-11 questionnaires. The interaction of participation and impact between service users and their relatives was analysed by means of correlational analyses within the intervention group (n = 111, service users mean age = 40.6, 40% women; relatives mean age = 56.7, 72% women). Service users’ baseline characteristics (being in a relationship, educational level, employment, and younger age) influenced in the level of participation of relatives and vice versa (lower educational level). The results also indicated correlations between participation and outcomes at various points as well as the evolution of service users’ recovery and the care burden of relatives. Service users’ participation levels interacted with the decrease of relatives’ frequency of burden and the first steps of their own recovery journey (moratorium, awareness, and preparation) while relative’s participation just interacted with the evolution of two stages of service users’ recovery levels (preparation and growth). These results can be extremely helpful in fostering interactive benefits in future projects addressing the wellbeing of mental health service users and their relatives. Future studies could use specific designs to explore the directionality of the causality of these effects.
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De Wit, Emma Emily, Adithy, Joske G. F. Bunders-Aelen, and Barbara J. Regeer. "Reducing Stress in Youth: A Pilot-Study on the Effects of a University-Based Intervention Program for University Students in Pune, India." Journal of Educational and Developmental Psychology 6, no. 2 (July 12, 2016): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jedp.v6n2p53.
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<p>Mental health problems among youth have become important public health concern for many low & middle- income countries. As part of a research program to improve mental wellbeing in Pune, India, a university-based intervention was developed for students of two educational institutes. In one month, 33 students (age 18-22) participated in a series of 2-hour sessions in which they were stimulated to learn better coping skills to deal with stress and anxiety. The interactive sessions were facilitated by a psychologist and volunteers of a suicide prevention NGO. Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy (REBT) approaches were used to help students identify stressors and find alternative thought patterns towards the stressor. Playful exercises, such as theatre, dance and poetry, were used to develop self-esteem, self-expression and a better sense of control in students. Throughout the program, relaxation methods, such as Emotional Freedom Technique (EFT), were practiced to help reduce stress in students. To study the impact of the intervention, data were collected, before- and after the intervention and in an eight month follow-up with the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), in combination with open questionnaires and field notes. Preliminary results show a significant decrease in average stress scores in students after the program in comparison to before the intervention (p-value is 0.044 < 0.05). Students reflect upon the program as helpful and specifically emphasize the role of poetry, dance & EFT as main contributors. In follow-up tests perceived stress scores remained lower than at base-line, although not significant. Booster sessions are suggested to sustain the benefits. Overall, the results of this pilot study show that low threshold, university-based interventions, could be useful in stimulating psychosocial well-being in youth.</p><p> </p>
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Lawn, Sharon, Sara Zabeen, David Smith, Ellen Wilson, Cathie Miller, Malcolm Battersby, and Kevin Masman. "Managing chronic conditions care across primary care and hospital systems: lessons from an Australian Hospital Avoidance Risk Program using the Flinders Chronic Condition Management Program." Australian Health Review 42, no. 5 (2018): 542. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah17099.
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Objective The study aimed to determine the impact of the Flinders Chronic Condition Management Program for chronic condition self-management care planning and how to improve its use with Bendigo Health’s Hospital Admission Risk Program (HARP). Methods A retrospective analysis of hospital admission data collected by Bendigo Health from July 2012 to September 2013 was undertaken. Length of stay during admission and total contacts post-discharge by hospital staff for 253 patients with 644 admissions were considered as outcome variables. For statistical modelling we used the generalised linear model. Results The combination of the HARP and Flinders Program was able to achieve significant reductions in hospital admissions and non-significant reduction in emergency department presentations and length of stay. The generalised linear model predicted that vulnerable patient groups such as those with heart disease (P = 0.037) and complex needs (P < 0.001) received more post-discharge contacts by HARP staff than those suffering from diabetes, renal conditions and psychosocial needs when they lived alone. Similarly, respiratory (P < 0.001), heart disease (P = 0.015) and complex needs (P = 0.050) patients had more contacts, with an increased number of episodes than those suffering from diabetes, renal conditions and psychosocial needs. Conclusion The Flinders Program appeared to have significant positive impacts on HARP patients that could be more effective if high-risk groups, such as respiratory patients with no carers and respiratory and heart disease patients aged 0–65, had received more targeted care. What is known about the topic? Chronic conditions are common causes of premature death and disability in Australia. Besides mental and physical impacts at the individual level, chronic conditions are strongly linked to high costs and health service utilisation. Hospital avoidance programs such as HARP can better manage chronic conditions through a greater focus on coordination and integration of care across primary care and hospital systems. In support of HARP, self-management interventions such as the Flinders Program aim to help individuals better manage their medical treatment and cope with the impact of the condition on their physical and mental wellbeing and thus reduce health services utilisation. What does this paper add? This paper sheds light on which patients might be more or less likely to benefit from the combination of the HARP and Flinders Program, with regard to their impact on reductions in hospital admissions, emergency department presentations and length of stay. This study also sheds light on how the Flinders Program could be better targeted towards and implemented among high-need and high-cost patients to lessen chronic disease burden on Australia’s health system. What are the implications for practitioners? Programs targeting vulnerable populations and applying evidence-based chronic condition management and self-management support achieve significant reductions in potentially avoidable hospitalisation and emergency department presentation rates, though sex, type of chronic condition and living situation appear to matter. Benefits might also accrue from the combination of contextual factors (such as the Flinders Program, supportive service management, clinical champions in the team) that work synergistically.
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NIMAKO, BLESSLOVE PINAMANG, Simon Akwasi Osei, Fiskvik Boahemaa Antwi, and Williams Kwasi Peprah. "Psychosocial Wellbeing and Job Satisfaction Among Nurses in the Philippines." Abstract Proceedings International Scholars Conference 7, no. 1 (December 18, 2019): 244–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.35974/isc.v7i1.954.
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BACKGROUND: Nursing is a profession in the health care sector that is pivotal and solely focused on serving humanity. With having to carry that burden, issues regarding mental health among nurses have been increasing. Stress is often encountered by nurses in the workplace which eventually leads to burnout. Initial evidence suggests that a positive or an increase in psychosocial wellbeing increases job satisfaction. The purpose of the study was to identify the relationship between psychosocial wellbeing and job satisfaction. Moreover, it aimed to examine the significant difference in psychological wellbeing and job satisfaction when considering age.
METHODS: Utilizing Correlational design, 100 registered nurses were purposively sampled from a public hospital in Baguio City, Philippines. Psychosocial wellbeing was measured using Carol Ryff’s Psychosocial Wellbeing Questionnaire, and job satisfaction were measured using the Job Satisfaction Survey (JSS) by Paul Specter. The statistical treatment used was Pearson correlation and t-test to address the research questions.
RESULTS: The study showed that there was a low positive significant relationship between psychosocial wellbeing and job satisfaction. There was no significant difference in psychosocial wellbeing and job satisfaction when age was considered.
DISCUSSION AND RECOMMENDATION: The results of the study showed that registered nurses have high psychosocial wellbeing which makes them have high job satisfaction at their work environment. The study recommends that more studies should be done to identify factors influencing psychosocial wellbeing, job satisfaction, resilience-oriented training for the nurses are suggested to enhance resilience and protect the nurses from extensive stress and burnout as well as to benefit the organization with lower turnover rates and higher nurse-patient outcome.
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Maksutova, Mariam, Justine P. Wu, Gnendy Indig, Molly Bennette Moravek, Elliot Popoff, Racquelle Trammell, Jesse Ballard, and Daphna Stroumsa. "“It Wasn’t for the Sake of Me and My Mental Health”: Transgender People’s Perspective on the Role of Mental Health Providers in Initiating Gender-Affirming Hormones - a Qualitative Study." Journal of the Endocrine Society 5, Supplement_1 (May 1, 2021): A786. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jendso/bvab048.1599.
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Abstract Introduction: Hormone therapy can be an essential part of medical transition for some transgender people. Despite ongoing debate on the role of mental health providers in the initiation of gender-affirming hormones, little evidence exists to guide the discussion. We seek to elucidate the patient perspective on the feasibility, utility, risks, and benefits of mandatory mental health evaluation (MHE) prior to hormone initiation. Methods: We conducted semi-structured interviews with individuals who have initiated gender-affirming hormone therapy (n=21). We purposively sampled respondents to include those who indicated that they were required to have mental health evaluation prior to hormone initiation, and those who did not. A transgender advisory board helped develop the semi-structured interview guide. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and coded using emergent and a priori codes. Results: The majority of respondents saw the requirement for MHE prior to hormone initiation as distinct from, and often discordant with, their mental health care. We identified the following roles of mental health care as seen by patients: 1) General psychosocial support; 2) Identity formation: therapy as a safe space to explore gender and self; and 3) Logistics: assistance navigating the healthcare system. Themes that emerged regarding the MHE requirement included 1) Access: for some, the MHE requirement delayed access to gender-affirming care; 2) “pathologizing my existence”: the effects of having one’s identity result in a diagnosis of mental disorder; and 3) “auditioning” for care: fear of being denied care if one does not present with a stereotypical transgender narrative. Many participants drew direct connections between the MHE requirement and negative effects on their mental health and the patient/provider relationship, while concurrently identifying mental health care as essential for wellbeing. Conclusion: While mental health care is appreciated, many transgender people see the universal MHE requirements as having significant negative implications on access, safety, and on even on their mental health. Guidelines should explicitly account for and mitigate the structural barriers preventing transgender individuals from accessing medical and mental health care.
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Vrooman, J. Cok, Stella J. M. Hoff, and Maurice Guiaux. "Descendants of Hardship: Prevalence, Drivers and Scarring Effects of Social Exclusion in Childhood." Social Inclusion 3, no. 4 (July 24, 2015): 76–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/si.v3i4.129.
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The social exclusion of children is problematic for two reasons. Young people typically inherit their marginal position from their family, and therefore cannot be held responsible for their hardship themselves; and social exclusion in childhood may affect their wellbeing and subsequent development, possibly leading to a “scarring effect” in later life. In this contribution we develop an instrument for measuring social exclusion among children. Social exclusion is regarded as a theoretical construct with four sub-dimensions: material deprivation, limited social participation, inadequate access to social rights, and a lack of normative integration. First we analyse data from a survey of 2,200 Dutch children, which contains a large set of social exclusion items. We applied nonlinear principal components analysis in order to construct a multidimensional scale. Measured in this way, the prevalence of social exclusion among children is 4.5%. Boys and children living in large families are more likely to experience social exclusion than girls and children with few siblings. The parental level of education and dependency on social security benefits are also important driving factors of childhood social exclusion. Subsequently we investigate the scarring effect. Longitudinal administrative income and household data covering 25 years were combined with a new survey of just under 1,000 Dutch adults, a third of whom were poor as a child. The survey assessed their past and current degree of social exclusion, and their health and psychosocial development, educational career, past family circumstances, etc. In an absolute sense scarring turns out to have been limited during this period: a very large majority of those who were poor or excluded as a child are above the threshold values in adult life. However, the “descendants of hardship” are still more likely to be socially excluded as adults than people who grew up in more favourable conditions. A causal analysis suggests that low educational achievements are the main mediator of scarring risks.
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Chen, Jessamine Tsan-Hsiang, Viviana M. Wuthrich, Ronald M. Rapee, Brian Draper, Henry Brodaty, Henry Cutler, Lee-Fay Low, et al. "Improving mental health and social participation outcomes in older adults with depression and anxiety: Study protocol for a randomised controlled trial." PLOS ONE 17, no. 6 (June 27, 2022): e0269981. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0269981.
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Background Increasing both the frequency and quality of social interactions within treatments for anxiety and depressive disorders in older adults may improve their mental health outcomes and quality of life. This study aims to evaluate the clinical efficacy and cost utility of an enhanced cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) plus social participation program in a sample of older adults with depression and/or anxiety. Methods A total of 172 community-dwelling adults aged 65 years or older with an anxiety and/or depressive disorder will be randomly allocated to either an enhanced CBT plus social participation program (n = 86) or standard CBT (n = 86). Both treatments will be delivered during 12 weekly individual sessions utilising structured manuals and workbooks. Participants will be assessed at pre-treatment, post-treatment, and 12-month follow-up. The primary outcome evaluates mean change in clinician-rated diagnostic severity of anxiety and depressive disorders from baseline to post-treatment (primary endpoint) based on a semi-structured diagnostic interview. Secondary outcomes evaluate changes in symptomatology on self-report anxiety and depression measures, as well as changes in social/community participation, social network, and perceived social support, loneliness, quality of life, and use of health services. Economic benefits will be evaluated using a cost-utility analysis to derive the incremental cost utility ratios for the enhanced CBT program. Discussion Outcomes from this study will provide support for the establishment of improved psychosocial treatment for older adults with anxiety and/or depression. Study outcomes will also provide health systems with a clear means to reduce the impact of poor emotional health in older age and its associated economic burden. In addition to the empirical validation of a novel treatment, the current study will contribute to the current understanding of the role of social participation in older adult wellbeing. Trial registration Prospectively registered on the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ID: ACTRN12619000242123; registered 19th February 2019) and the ISRCTN registry (ID: ISRCTN78951376; registered 10th July 2019).
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Kretschmer, Clara R., Burcu Göz Tebrizcik, and Eleanor J. Dommett. "Mindfulness Interventions for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis." Psychiatry International 3, no. 4 (December 7, 2022): 363–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/psychiatryint3040031.
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Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental condition impacting children and adults. Current treatments are limited and there is increasing interest in the use of mindfulness, which is growing in popularity. Previous systematic reviews have typically focused on specific ages, outcome measures or interventions. The current review aimed to take a more comprehensive approach. Title and abstract searches were performed in five databases for randomized and non-randomized controlled trials or pre-post studies with participants with an ADHD diagnosis or a score above a clinically relevant cut-off on a validated ADHD measure. Studies had to measure symptoms of ADHD, global or social functioning. Extraction of key information including participant status (i.e., diagnosis, scale scores, comorbidities, medication use), study design, and outcome measures was conducted. Effect sizes (Hedge’s g) were calculated and where a measure had been used in at least three studies with the same population, meta-analyses were considered. Twenty-nine studies were initially identified, with seven deemed poor quality and removed from further analysis leaving, 22 studies containing data from 1237 children and adults with ADHD along with data from 525 family members. The data indicate possible benefits of mindfulness on self-compassion, quality of life, wellbeing, depression, and anxiety. The findings also suggest that mindfulness may also improve ADHD symptoms, executive function, problematic behaviours, and emotional dysregulation, although results vary by age of patient and measures used. Parent stress and parenting style have received limited attention, highlighting the need for more studies in these areas. Whilst the data presented suggest that mindfulness may be beneficial, the evidence base is not as strong as the popularity of the approach. Many of the studies lacked blind assessment, adequate randomization, or suitable control conditions. As such high-quality controlled studies considering medication, other psychosocial interventions, use of active and in active controls and comorbidity as well as longer follow-up periods, are needed to confirm this.
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Marino, Christopher C., Colleen Dwyer, Janette T. Poppenberg, Jill Brufsky, Shuyan Zhai, and G. J. Van Londen. "Living life post cancer treatment (LLPCT): An assessment of a 12-week multidimensional wellness intervention to improve quality of life and physical activity in cancer survivors." Journal of Clinical Oncology 38, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2020): 12052. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2020.38.15_suppl.12052.
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12052 Background: Cancer survivors face unique health challenges with implications on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and physical, social, and emotional wellbeing. With advancements in cancer treatment and aging populations, the prevalence of cancer survivors is expected to grow prompting the need for improved survivorship care delivery and comprehensive rehabilitative services. Living Life Post Cancer Treatment (LLPCT) is a community-based 12-week program that provides multidimensional support to patients of any cancer diagnosis transitioning from active treatment to post-treatment life. This single-arm intervention study aims to assess the program’s impact on HRQoL and physical activity in cancer survivors. Methods: A total of 125 participants within 2 years of treatment completion were enrolled in a 12-week program comprised of 9 sessions of engaging workshops, personalized exercise training, and nutrition and psychosocial counseling with an interprofessional team of oncology providers, social workers, exercise trainers, and dietitians. The program consisted of 8 consecutive weekly sessions followed by a 1-month follow-up session at week 12. Ninety-six (77%) participants completed the eighth or ninth session of the program and were included in the analysis. A series of questionnaires were administered at baseline and weeks 8 and 12. Primary outcomes assessed were HRQoL using the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-General (FACT-G) questionnaire and physical activity using average daily steps by pedometer and 2-minute step test performance. Results: Among the 96 participants (mean age 60.4 ± 11.7) who completed the program, the majority were female, white, and married. Post-intervention median FACT-G scores significantly increased from baseline at weeks 8 (+8.8, p = 0.002) and 12 (+7.3, p < 0.001). Average daily steps by pedometer increased by 1063 (p = 0.003) and 1233 (p = 0.015) and 2-minute step test performance increased by 18 (p < 0.001) and 21 (p < 0.001) steps at weeks 8 and 12, respectively. Participants reported high levels of satisfaction and improved self-efficacy to incorporate lifestyle modifications. Conclusions: These findings suggest that this 12-week intervention improves HRQoL and step-based physical activity levels in cancer survivors and could serve as a multidimensional model for post-treatment support. Further research is needed to determine if these benefits are sustained long-term.