Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Psychosocial abuse'
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Luxmoore, Coryndon Steven. "Psychosocial influences on cannabis use /." [St Lucia, Qld.], 2001. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe17337.pdf.
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Al-Rawashdeh, Ahmad Bahjat. "Psychosocial Characteristics of Youth Who Run Away From Home." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1145388181.
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O'Shea, Sharon. "Female Sexual Victimization: Psychosocial Consequences." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1993. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc500451/.
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This archival and qualitative research adds insight into the psychosocial consequences females of sexual victimization incur. Sexual abuse is a pervasive, complex societal problem experienced by 30%-46% of American females. The psychosocial consequences are numerous, often severe, and can result in death. They include: anxiety, BPD, denial, dependence, despair, eating disorders, destructive relationships, fear, guilt, hallucinations, helplessness, hopelessness, hysteria, insecurity, isolation, MPD, nightmares, numbness, passivity, pessimism, phobias, PTSD, rage, self-loathing, sexual dysfunctions, shame, shock, sleeping disorders, stigmatization, stress-related disorders, substance abuse, and suicide. The severity of psychosocial consequences to female victims varies greatly depending upon the degree, duration, and emotion surrounding the abuse, the victim's health, and the health of the victim's social network. In conclusion, strategies suggested in the literature to combat female sexual victimization are outlined.
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Ellis, Rodney A. "Gender differences in behavioral and psychosocial correlates of substance abuse among adolescents in residential treament." FIU Digital Commons, 1997. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/3138.
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This dissertation reports the results of a study that examined differences between genders in a sample of adolescents from a residential substance abuse treatment facility. The sample included 72 males and 65 females, ages 12 through 17. The data were archival, having been originally collected for a study of elopement from treatment. The current study included 23 variables. The variables were from multiple dimensions, including socioeconomic, legal, school, family, substance abuse, psychological, social support, and treatment histories. Collectively, they provided information about problem behaviors and psychosocial problems that are correlates of adolescent substance abuse. The study hypothesized that these problem behaviors and psychosocial problems exist in different patterns and combinations between genders. Further, it expected that these patterns and combinations would constitute profiles important for treatment. K-means cluster analysis identified differential profiles between genders in all three areas: problem behaviors, psychosocial problems, and treatment profiles. In the dimension of problem behaviors, the predominantly female group was characterized as suicidal and destructive, while the predominantly male group was identified as aggressive and low achieving. In the dimension of psychosocial problems, the predominantly female group was characterized as abused depressives, while the male group was identified as asocial, low problem severity. A third group, neither predominantly female or male, was characterized as social, high problem severity. When these dimensions were combined to form treatment profiles, the predominantly female group was characterized as abused, self-harmful, and social, and the male group was identified as aggressive, destructive, low achieving, and asocial. Finally, logistic regression and discriminant analysis were used to determine whether a history of sexual and physical abuse impacted problem behavior differentially between genders. Sexual abuse had a substantially greater influence in producing self-mutilating and suicidal behavior among females than among males. Additionally, a model including sexual abuse, physical abuse, low family support, and low support from friends showed a moderate capacity to predict unusual harmful behavior (fire-starting and cruelty to animals) among males. Implications for social work practice, social work research, and systems science are discussed.
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Wondie, Yemataw. "Characterizing the psychosocial effects of child sexual abuse in Ethiopia implications for prevention and intervention." Aachen Shaker, 2009. http://d-nb.info/997950226/04.
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Lemaigre, Charlotte. "Childhood trauma and its psychosocial sequelae : a thesis portfolio." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/25689.
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Background: It is widely understood that survivors of childhood trauma (emotional abuse, physical abuse, sexual abuse and emotional, physical neglect) have poorer mental health outcomes than their non-abused counterparts; one of which is an increased risk of suicidality. The disclosure of childhood abuse is key to safeguarding against further victimization and promoting better psychosocial outcomes for survivors in the long-term. Aims: The aims of this thesis portfolio are twofold. Firstly, to review the published literature investigating the barriers and facilitators to disclosing sexual abuse as perceived by children and adolescents (Chapter 1). Secondly, to research the relationship between childhood trauma and suicidality in a cohort of socio-economically deprived men living in Scotland (Chapter 3). The bridging chapter (Chapter 2) discusses the main themes that connect chapters one and three, notably the possible negative impact of childhood trauma on adult psychosocial functioning. Method: An exploratory systematic review and meta-synthesis of the literature was carried out. Strict eligibility criteria were predefined and a comprehensive search strategy identified a total of thirteen studies for review. For the empirical study, a total of 86 adult men with past and/or present suicidality participated in a quantitative cohort study and completed measures on childhood trauma, emotion regulation, interpersonal difficulties and suicidal behaviour. Multiple mediation analysis was used to analyse the data and to answer the study’s research questions. Results: The exploratory review highlighted that existing research into child and adolescent disclosures of sexual abuse is still in its infancy and that robust, longitudinal studies with more sophisticated methodologies are required to replicate findings. The collective body of literature identified that limited support, perceived negative consequences and feelings of self-blame, shame and guilt serve as significant barriers to disclosure whilst being asked or prompted through the provision of developmentally appropriate information facilitates young people to tell. The empirical study found that emotion regulation and interpersonal difficulties mediate the relationship between childhood trauma and suicidality in a sample of adult men. Conclusion: Several important clinical implications were identified in both parts of the thesis portfolio. Firstly, the systematic review identified the need for family members, friends and frontline professionals to explicitly ask children about the possibility of sexual abuse. It was also considered imperative that recipients are supported in responding to disclosures in positive and supportive ways so as to reduce young peoples’ feelings of responsibility, self-blame, shame and guilt. The empirical study concluded that dysfunctional emotion regulation and interpersonal difficulties are implicated in the overall collateral and compounding psychosocial sequelae of childhood trauma. The provision of psychological interventions for men with past and/or present suicidality should support individuals to develop healthy social problem-solving and emotion regulation skills. Providing effective, trauma-informed interventions for these individuals will move their treatment beyond simple risk management and focus, instead, on instilling recovery and resilience.
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Christopherson, Bryan Bishop. "Psychosocial maturity and self-reported motivation for use of psychoactive substances among a sample of Arizona youth: Implications for prevention." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/184353.
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Adolescent drug use motivations were examined from the perspective of Erik Erikson's psychosocial theory (1963; 1968) of human development. The study used an existing data base derived from a sample of about 13,000 Arizona students in grades seven through twelve. Two questions were asked. The first examined the students' self-reported perceptions of drug use/nonuse motivations across the four ego-identity stages of Marcia (1966). The second examined drug use motivational perceptions within the four stages. First, approximately 13,000 Young People Survey (Jones, 1986) respondents were classified into the four ego-identity stages for each of two domains, Interpersonal and Ideological (Grotevant &
Adams, 1984), according to rules suggested by Adams (1979). A random sample of approximately 200 of these respondents was then selected for the analyses for each of eight categories: Interpersonal achievement, moratorium, foreclosure, and diffusion; and Ideological achievement, moratorium, foreclosure, and diffusion. Subject responses to two survey questions were analyzed for the first research question. One survey question had asked the students why they thought people their age used drugs and alcohol, the second survey question asked students who had not used alcohol why they had not done so. The eight analyses revealed that the reported motivations were significantly different (p < .05) across all four ego-identity stages for both domains. The second research question analyzed responses to the survey question dealing with drug use motivations, and tested whether motivational responses discriminated marijuana users from nonusers within each of the four ego-identity stages. Each analysis produced statistically significant results. For achieved subjects, peers, recreation, and curiosity combined to discriminate marijuana users from nonusers (p < .05). For moratorium subjects, it was peers, recreation, and stress (p < .05). For foreclosed subjects, peers, curiosity, and recreation discriminated between users and nonusers (p < .05); and for diffused subjects, it was peers, boredom, and recreation (p < .05). The study indicates that young people use psychoactive substances for reasons which vary according to their level of ego-identity development (psychosocial maturity). Additionally, the study indicates that adolescent drug use motivations also depend upon their experience with drugs.
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Walmsley, Clarey J. "Factors associated with opiate dependence : an interaction of cognitive, genetic and psychosocial influences on acquisition and outcome /." St. Lucia, Qld, 2003. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe17744.pdf.
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Andrade, Joel T. "Psychosocial Precursors of Psychopathy in a Psychiatric Sample: A Structural Equation Model Analysis." Thesis, Boston College, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/1387.
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Thesis advisor: Thomas O'HarePsychopathy has received a marked increase in attention in the research literature over the past 2 decades since the validation and standardization of assessment tools designed to measure this construct, particularly the Psychopathy Checklist-measures (Hare, 1991/2003; Hart, Cox, & Hare, 1995; and Forth, Kosson, & Hare, 2003). Psychopathy has been identified as the best single predictor of violence among adult offenders (Hart, 1998). Such findings have led some to conclude that "psychopathy is the most important psychological construct for policy and practice in the criminal justice system" (Harris, Skilling, & Rice, 2001). Despite the overwhelming evidence of substantial societal and individual costs attributable to this disorder, little is known about psychosocial precursors of psychopathy. This study examines risk factors related to the development of psychopathy, as measured by the PCL:SV, in a sample of 446 psychiatric patients using structural equation modeling (SEM). The final SEM includes five predictor variables measuring early-life physical abuse, paternal antisocial behavior, and cognitive ability. Severe physical abuse (β = 0.17, p = .043), biological father's alcohol abuse history (β = .16, p =.004), biological father's arrest history (β = 0.13, p = .02), and the subject's cognitive ability (β = -0.18, p < .001) were found predictive of psychopathy in this sample. Post hoc analyses comparing male and female subjects, and black and white subjects, indicate different causal pathways in the development of psychopathy among these groups. Future research designed to assess these potentially different causal pathways are recommended. Implications to clinical theory, practice, and policy are also discussed
Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2009
Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Social Work
Discipline: Social Work
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Wondie, Yemataw [Verfasser]. "Characterizing the Psychosocial Effects of Child Sexual Abuse in Ethiopia : Implications for Prevention and Intervention / Yemataw Wondie." Aachen : Shaker, 2009. http://d-nb.info/1161301720/34.
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[Verfasser], Yemataw Wondie. "Characterizing the Psychosocial Effects of Child Sexual Abuse in Ethiopia : Implications for Prevention and Intervention / Yemataw Wondie." Aachen : Shaker, 2009. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:101:1-2018061706040318688922.
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Defferary, Tanya Elizabeth Michele. "Resilience and attachment as mediators impacting upon the psychosocial sequelae of unwanted early sexual experiences." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/12494.
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Unwanted early sexual experiences (UESE) are traumatic experiences that many children worldwide are exposed to on a daily basis. Some of these victims struggle to adapt to life, whereas others become survivors, exhibiting post-traumatic growth after such an experience. South Africa has some of the highest UESE prevalence rates in the world, highlighting the importance of research conducted within this field in the country. With an overarching psychofortogenic framework, and through the implementation of a convergent parallel mixed methods research design, the study explored and described whether resilience and attachment act as mediators impacting upon the psychosocial sequelae which a UESE survivor might experience. The study was divided into three phases. Phase 1 consisted of a small-scale survey design which was conducted with 304 participants while Phase 2 consisted of nine semi-structure interviews with UESE survivors, who were volunteers from the original sample. Finally, Phase 3 provided an integrated summary of the findings from the first two phases. During Phase 1 significant findings relating to the survivors of UESE, their levels of resilience and attachment relationships were outlined. Of the total sample, 32.43% males and 30.5% females indicated that they had been exposed to a UESE. Most of the perpetrators were known to the survivors with friends being identified as the most common perpetrators. Parental relationships characterised by trust, open communication and less alienation were found to impact upon the degree to which participants reported being bothered by the UESE. Furthermore, parental alienation at the time of the UESE had a significantly negative impact on the survivors’ adult relationship styles. During Phase 2 a number of themes emerged including the manner of disclosure, reasons for delayed disclosure, relationship to the confidant, confidant’s response to disclosure, effects of the response to disclosure, the impact of the UESE upon the survivor, impact of the UESE on relationships, coping/resilience, advice to professionals, the confidant, and the survivor. The final phase confirmed the research hypothesis that resilience and attachment act as mediating factors impacting upon a variety of psychosocial sequelae which a UESE survivor might experience. Serendipitously, disclosure was found to be a mediating factor, securing a significant role within the study. In conclusion a future intervention titled ‘Post-Traumatic Growth: A UESE model of Disclosure, Resilience and Attachment’, was outlined, based on the study’s findings.
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Valladares, Cardoza Eliette. "Partner violence during pregnancy, psychosocial factors and child outcomes in Nicaragua." Doctoral thesis, Umeå : Public Health and Clinical Medicine, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-578.
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Andersson, Pentti. "Determinants of individual vulnerability to heroin addiction : a psychosocial study /." Vasa : Åbo akademi, 2006. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb413054682.
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Clarida, Jill Courtney. "Substance Abuse and Psychosocial Factors in the Hepatitis C Population: Identifying Risk Factors in Disease Severity and Quality of Life." VCU Scholars Compass, 2005. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/1531.
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Hepatitis C is the most common chronic blood-borne infection in the United States. Research has focused on contributing factors to the development and progression of liver disease, but few studies have considered nicotine use as a potential prognostic factor with CHC. Research has commonly found that CHC patients report with a diminished quality of life. Several factors have been proposed to account for a decrease in QOL; however, the mechanisms underlying the impairment in QOL have not yet been elicited. 76 CHC patients completed self-report measures on a variety of psychosocial variables and biochemical data for determining the patient's liver disease severity was obtained. The findings revealed strong support for the deleterious effects of smoking cigarettes on liver disease symptomatology and its progression. Smokers endorsed experiencing significantly more severe symptoms of fatigue, poor appetite, and headaches. The CHC smokers tended to present with higher scores on the Aspartate Arninotransferase to platelet ratio index (APRI). The smokers' mean score is above the cut-off value of 1.50 that indicates a .88 predictive value for the presence of hepatic fibrosis. The level of cigarette consumption could also be a factor in the progression of liver disease. Individuals smoking more than one pack per day tended to report more severe symptoms of fatigue and a poorer appetite. Heavy smokers presented with an APRI mean score above the cut-off value of 2.00 that indicates a .93 negative predictive value for the presence of cirrhosis below the cut-off value.General active coping moderated the relationship between liver disease severity and QOL. The results revealed that patients using more avoidant coping reported lower levels of QOL on the physical and mental component of the SF-36. Tobacco use moderated the relationship between liver disease severity and QOL. Interestingly, smokers reported a higher level of QOL compared to nonsmokers when experiencing more severe liver disease. CHC patients with higher levels of psychological distress reported lower QOL on both physical and mental functioning. Individuals smoking marijuana also tended to report lower levels of QOL on mental functioning. Information garnered from this study is aimed to help slow the progression of advanced liver disease in CHC patients in addition to improving their QOL.
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Stubbs, Brittney, and Andrea D. Clements. "Psychosocial Well-Being and Efforts to Quit Smoking in Pregnant Women of Rural Appalachia." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2018. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/7234.
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Negative health effects on an unborn fetus have been related to cigarette smoking during pregnancy. Very little research examines stress, self-esteem, depression, and disordered eating in pregnant women who smoke. A study, Tennessee Intervention for Pregnant Smokers (TIPS), recruited pregnant women from five prenatal practices to help them quit smoking before giving birth. Using an expanded 5A’s (Ask, Advise, Assess, Assist, Arrange) model and motivational interviewing, the intervention was implemented by trained health educators over the course of 4 prenatal visits. Women in the study who successfully stopped smoking before delivery had significantly healthier infants than the women who did not. A subset of the sampled 1063 pregnant women with complete data on measures of interest will be analyzed for the current study. We hypothesize that the following factors will differ significantly among pregnant women who never smoked, women who smoked but quit prior to birth, and women who smoked and did not quit prior to birth: stress, as indicated by the stress subscale of the Prenatal Psychosocial Profile (PPP); self-esteem, as indicated by the self-esteem subscale of the PPP; depressive symptoms, as indicated by the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CESD-10); and disordered eating, as indicated by the Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26). Additionally, we hypothesize that the odds of pregnant women quitting smoking prior to birth will be predicted by stress, self-esteem, depressive symptoms, and disordered eating. One-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) tests will be conducted to compare scores on respective measures for the three groups based on smoking status. A logistic regression will be conducted to assess the degree to which aforementioned variables predict odds of smoking cessation in pregnant smokers. The implications of this research can be used to improve future intervention programs to reduce the adverse health effects of children born to mothers who smoke.
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Stubbs, Brittney, Valerie M. Hoots, and Andrea D. Clements. "Psychosocial Well-Being and Efforts to Quit Smoking in Pregnant Women of Rural Appalachia." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2018. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/7235.
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Stress, self-esteem, depression, and disordered eating were analyzed among three groups of pregnant women in Tennessee Intervention for Pregnant Smokers (TIPS): never smoked, smoked but quit prior to birth, and smoked but did not quit prior to birth.
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Stubbs, Brittney, Valerie M. Hoots, Andrea D. Clements, and Beth A. Bailey. "Psychosocial Well-Being and Efforts to Quit Smoking in Pregnant Women of Rural Appalachia." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2018. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/7228.
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Stubbs, Brittney, Valerie Hoots, Andrea D. Clements, and Beth Bailey. "Psychosocial Well-Being and Efforts to Quit Smoking in Pregnant Women of South-Central Appalachia." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2019. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/7199.
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Introduction: Psychosocial well-being variables from the Tennessee Intervention for Pregnant Smokers (TIPS) study, a longitudinal smoking cessation study in South-Central Appalachia, were investigated as potential predictors of smoking status.
Methods: A sample of 1031 pregnant women participated in an expanded 5A's (Ask, Advise, Assess, Assist, Arrange) program, from 2008 to 2011. Measures of stress, self-esteem, depressive symptoms, and disordered eating collected by interview during the first trimester, or during the third trimester in a combined interview if participants began prenatal care late, were hypothesized to differ among three groups of participants: pregnant women who never smoked, pregnant women who smoked but quit prior to birth, and pregnant women who smoked and did not quit prior to birth. Smoking status was measured throughout the study. Whether or not a participant quit smoking was assessed at delivery.
Results: Non-smokers were lowest in stress F(2,1027) = 46.38, p < .001) and depression (F(2,1028) = 39.81, p < .001), and highest in self-esteem (F(2,1018) = 29.81, p < .001). Only self-reported stress and self-reported self-esteem predicted quitting. Higher reported stress levels were related to a slightly lower likelihood of quitting (OR = 0.95, 95% CI 0.92, 0.98, p = .003) and higher reported self-esteem predicted a slightly higher likelihood of quitting (OR = 1.05, 95% CI 1.02, 1.08, p = .001).
Conclusions: Findings may lead to improved intervention programs and reduction of adverse health effects in children attributable to prenatal smoking. More research should be conducted on smoking cessation in rural pregnant women.
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Frei, Autumn Michelle. "Predicting Successful Drug Court Graduation: Exploring Demographic and Psychosocial Factors among Medication-Assisted Drug Court Treatment Clients." Scholar Commons, 2014. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/5022.
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The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of psychosocial factors on drug court graduation among a medication assisted treatment drug court population. The extant research identifies drug courts as effective in reducing recidivism and relapse rates; however meta-analyses of the drug court literature reveal that there is little explanation as to why drug courts are effectual and especially for whom. This study examined trauma, mental health, and social support to determine predictive psychosocial factors of drug court participants while controlling for certain demographics. The analyses showed that social support was predictive, but failed to identify trauma or mental health correlates. Policy implications are discussed.
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Cole, K. "'It's just an awful topic' : a psychosocial exploration of how educational psychologists encounter and respond to domestic abuse in their work." Thesis, University of Essex, 2018. http://repository.essex.ac.uk/21753/.
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The prevalence of domestic abuse in the UK and its impact on children and young people exposed to it suggests that it is likely to be encountered by educational psychologists (EP) in their work and that they could have a key role in supporting within educational settings. However, the subject has received sparse attention in the research literature of the profession. Whilst research exists more generally about professional responses to domestic abuse, there is little evidence of the use of psychosocial research methods. In order to address the gap in EP and psychosocial research around domestic abuse, this study explored from a psychosocial perspective how EPs encounter and respond to domestic abuse in their work. Four EPs were interviewed following the Free Association Narrative Interview method (Hollway & Jefferson, 2013). Thematic analysis was used to gather a picture of how EPs encounter domestic abuse in their work. The outcome of this analysis showed that for these participants, key elements of domestic abuse encounters were: Visibility (invisible/visible); Risk (danger/protection); Disturbance (disturbed/detached); Possibility (possible/impossible); and Learning (intellectual/experiential). Evidence of defence against unwanted thoughts and feelings in relation to domestic abuse work was then explored through individual analysis, paying attention to hesitations and avoidances in the interviews as well as the researcher’s own experience of interview encounters. This analysis, supported by psychosocial supervision, suggested that there were aspects of domestic abuse that appeared threatening to participants. These pertained to describing the abuse; situations of conflict; experiences of helplessness; negative evaluations; and feelings of shock, horror, and fear. The outcomes of this study suggest that domestic abuse is an emotive topic for EPs that is hard to process and requires further education and support to enable domestic abuse to be talked about and managed in a safe way when encountered in EP work.
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Stubbs, Brittney, Valerie M. Hoots, Andrea D. Clements, and Beth A. Bailey. "Psychosocial Well-Being and Efforts to Quit Smoking in Pregnant Women of Rural Appalachia." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2019. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/7227.
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Martin, Cherie. "Caregiver Perspectives on Psychosocial Support Programming for Orphans and Vulnerable Children in South Africa." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/31921.
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In 2011 there were an estimated 3.9 million orphaned children in South Africa, many of them orphaned by HIV/AIDS. These children are at high risk for developing psychosocial and mental health problems. The National Strategy for the care of orphans and other vulnerable children (OVCs) recognizes the importance of psychosocial support but there are few specific guidelines on best practice and little research on the effectiveness of psychosocial support programs. There is even less research capturing the perspectives of front-line staff and caregivers. This master’s thesis project conducted a case study of an NGO that provides foster care for OVCs in the Western Cape of South Africa.
Semi-structured interviews were carried out with 14 foster mothers, four social workers and one administrator of the HomeFromHome organization. Interviews explored the experiences, opinions and concerns of participants regarding psychosocial support and the respondents’ views on the (1) main challenges they face in providing psychosocial support (2) what they see as the most effective forms of support and (3) their recommendations for policy changes.
Responses highlighted the psychosocial challenges faced by OVCs, those caring for children, and program staff. The research findings support the existing literature, which promotes psychosocial support as essential for orphaned, and vulnerable children. This case study found that HomeFromHome social workers, foster mothers and administration want increased levels of psychosocial support for both children and caregivers. Respondents identified foster mothers and a primary loving caregiver as the most significant form and source of psychosocial support for the children.
An analysis of the participant responses identified several areas that warrant further investigation for future policy and program development. These include: the different forms of alternative childcare, the role of the community and the church, the gap between policy and implementation, gendered issues, the aging out process, and issues concerning biological families.
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Biong, Stian. "Between death as escape and the dream of life : Psychosocial dimensions of health in young menliving with substance abuse and suicidal behaviour." Doctoral thesis, Nordic School of Public Health NHV, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:norden:org:diva-3654.
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Substance abuse and suicidal behaviour are major challenges to public health. These phenomena are mainly studied by quantitative designs. This qualitative thesis aims at gaining a deeper understanding of substance abuse and suicidal behaviour, as experienced by young men in different types of treatment. By describing, exploring and interpreting lived experiences, in this thesis I try to give a more nuanced language of both substance abuse and suicidal behaviour, also in young migrating men. I also focus on the system of services related to the prevention and follow-up of life-threatening overdoses by describing and exploring how this phenomenon is experienced by individuals and professionals in Oslo. By researching the lived experiences of substance abuse and suicidal behaviour, combined with researching the phenomenon of life-threatening overdoses, a deeper insight is gained and this can be an important source to both prevention and health promotion for the group in question. The first three papers are based on descriptive, explorative and interpretative studies. How meaning is constructed is the core research question. In the fourth study I describe and explore life-threatening overdoses as a contemporary phenomenon in its context. The research questions are on a descriptive level. In the first three papers, the research object is the personal narratives from in-depth interviews, which are analysed using a phenomenological hermeneutic method. The case study is composed of data collected from different sources, and analysed by triangulation. The main finding in the first paper is that substance abuse and suicidal behaviour can be understood as goal-oriented, communicative and meaning-making activities about the individuals’ balance between death as an escape from pain and the hope of a life. In the second study, metaphorical expressions about a shifting sense of self is understood as balancing being an agent or a victim. In migrating young men these phenomena are interpreted as goal-oriented, communicative and meanig-making activities about existing in a maze that is perceived as closed. The findings of the case study show that different forms of life-threatening overdoses in Oslo are experienced in a state of existential and material stress. A wish of follow-up might not be expressed by the individual. Due to structural problems, such as lack of goals, professionals do not prevent such events in a planned way, nor do they cooperate between different levels. Professionals decide what is good quality in prevention and follow-up of life-threatening overdosesRusavhengighet og selvmordsadferd representerer store folkehelseproblemer. Disse fenomenene er hovedsakelig studert med kvantitative design. Målet med denne kvalitative avhandlingen er å få dypere kunnskap om rusavhengighet og selvmordsadferd slik fenomenene er opplevd av yngre menn i ulike typer behandling. Gjennom å beskrive, undersøke og tolke levde opplevelser forsøker avhandlingen å få fram en mer nyansert forståelse av, og språk om, både rusavhengighet og selvmordsadferd, også hos yngre menn med migrasjonserfaring. Avhandlingen fokuserer systemnivået gjennom å beskrive og undersøke hvordan livstruende overdoser oppleves og erfares som levde erfaringer og som yrkesutfordring i Oslo. Et omverdensperspektiv, kombinert med en dypere forståelse og et rikere språk kan være viktige bidrag til forebyggende og helsefremmende tiltak. Det første, andre og tredje arbeidet i avhandlingen er beskrivende, undersøkende og tolkende studier som fokuser yngre menns levde erfaringer med rusavhengighet og selvmordsadferd. Hvordan mening konstrueres er det sentrale forskningsspørsmålet. Det fjerde arbeidet, case studien, undersøker livstruende overdoser i en nå-tidig kontekst, og forskningsspørsmålene er beskrivende. I de første tre arbeidene er forskningsobjektet personlige narrativer samlet gjennom åpne dybdeintervjuer, og som er tolket ved bruk av en fenomenologisk hermeneutisk analyse. I case studien er data fra ulike kilder analysert ved hjelp av triangulering. Hovedfunnet i den første studien er at rusavhengighet og selvmordsadferd kan forstås som måltettede, kommunikative og meningsfulle handlinger om personens balanse mellom døden som befrielse fra smerte og håpet om et bedre liv. I den andre studien kommer metaforiske beskrivelser av en skiftende opplevelse av seg selv i prosessene knyttet til både rusavhengighet og selvmordsadferd tydelig fram. Dette kan forstås som å balansere en selvopplevelse mellom aktør og offer. I den tredje studien kan rusavhengighet og selvmordsadferd hos migrerte menn forstås som målrettede, kommunikative og meningsfulle handlinger om personens opplevelse av å eksistere i en stengt labyrint. Funnene i case studien tyder på at livstruende overdoser i Oslo erfares i eksistensielt stressfulle omstendigheter. Et personlig ønske om oppfølging gis ikke alltid eksplisitt. Strukturelle problemer medfører at profesjonelle arbeider med livstruende overdoser uten overordnete mål og uten samordnet planlegging. Profesjonelle bestemmer derfor selv hva som er god kvalitet når det gjelder forebygging og oppfølging av livstruende overdoser
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Hendricks, Natasha. "Developing a psychosocial understanding of child sexual abuse disclosure among a group of child and adolescent females in Cape Town, South Africa." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/10868.
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Includes bibliographical references.To develop an understanding of the factors that promotes and inhibits child sexual abuse (CSA) disclosure and its impact on the child and caregiver. Young girls and adolescents between the ages of 8-17 years who experienced penetrative sexual abuse were recruited from two sexual assault centres in the Western Cape, South Africa. On arrival at the centre, caregivers were approached and informed about the study and informed consent was obtained from those who agreed to participate in the study. This study has shown that factors promoting CSA disclosure include circumstances around the incident, caregiver concerns around the child's behavior, which made caregivers suspicious and allowed them to create an enabling environment to facilitate disclosure for the child as well as coercion by caregivers to talk.
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Caldwell, Jessica Marie. "Sibling Influences on the Psychosocial Effects of Children's Exposure to Domestic Violence." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Health Sciences, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/9596.
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Despite the large number of children and siblings who are exposed to domestic violence, relatively few studies have examined sibling influences on the psychosocial effects of exposure to domestic violence. The aim of this study was to explore the opinions of experienced child and family clinicians on whether, and how, the presence of siblings moderates children’s experiences of domestic violence and any subsequent effects on their development and wellbeing. This study employed an Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis to analyse interviews with five clinicians. Analysis of the interviews revealed six superordinate themes; one sibling taking on a protective and parental role; polarisation of sibling relationships; factors influencing sibling relationships; the impact on the sibling taking on a parenting or protective role; impact on the sibling being protected; and the importance of individual family context. Overall, the findings from the interviews with the clinicians suggest that in families where children are exposed to domestic violence one child tends to take on a parental role and also attempts to protect their siblings from the violence. These results also emphasise the importance of formulation in understanding the influence of sibling relationships on the psychosocial effects of domestic violence, as there are many different factors which need to be considered. Some implications for clinical practice are discussed and potential future research directions are outlined.
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Christie, Sarah Louise. "Investigating the psychosocial implications of pregnancy and the early postnatal period for women who are in treatment for heroin addiction : building a theory of aspirations and psychological evolution." Thesis, Staffordshire University, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.693853.
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Miller-Roenigk, Brittany D. "Predictors of Recidivism in Rural Incarcerated Women." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1504794695385065.
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Fraga, Inês Soares de Oliveira de Andrade. "Adolescentes vítimas de maus-tratos: Memórias de práticas educativas parentais, (des) adaptação e suporte social." Master's thesis, ISPA - Instituto Universitário, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.12/2278.
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Os maus-tratos no seio familiar constituem um fenómeno com repercussões no desenvolvimento dos menores, quer a nível físico, psicológico, emocional, cognitivo e comportamental.
A presente revisão de literatura procura compreender esta problemática tendo como foco três importantes áreas da vida destes jovens como as práticas educativas parentais, o suporte social e a adaptação psicossocial.
Pretende-se assim descrever o ambiente e contexto familiar destes jovens, compreender a importância do apoio social tão necessário tanto ao desenvolvimento de competências pessoais e interpessoais, como na moderação do impacto dos maus-tratos, e por último compreender o desenrolar da adaptação psicossocial durante a adolescência.
Serão abordadas questões ligadas à adolescência, nomeadamente o desenvolvimento de uma identidade pessoal e social, as relações com os pais e com os pares e posteriormente são aprofundadas questões ligadas aos maus-tratos e o seu impacto na adaptação psicossocial dos adolescentes. ------ Experience maltreatment within the family constitutes a phenomenon that has serious implications on the child development, in terms of p physical, psychological, emotional, cognitive and behavioural problems.
This literature review seeks to understand this issue focusing on three important areas of youth victims of maltreatment life such as parenting practices, social support and psychosocial adjustment.
The aim of this present investigation is to describe the environment and family background of these young people, understand the importance of social support to the development of personal and interpersonal skills, as in moderating the impact of maltreatment, and finally understand the course of psychosocial adaptation during adolescence.
Therefore will be addressed issues related to adolescence, including the development of a personal identity and social relationships with parents and peers and will be subsequently explored issues related to abuse and its impact on psychosocial adjustment of adolescents.
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Annas, Tatjana, and Maria Åhman. "Vägen till behandling : en kvalitativ studie avseende socialsekreterarnas sätt att se på missbrukets etiologi och dess eventuella påverkan på valet av behandling." Thesis, Stockholm University, Department of Social Work, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-1191.
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Studiens syfte var att försöka belysa två sätt att se på missbruk (biologisk och psykosocial) som dominerar i missbruksdebatten i dagens Sverige. Vår avsikt var att kartlägga vilket synsätt socialsekreterarna inom missbruksvården har och hur deras synsätt påverkar vilken behandling deras klienter får.
Våra huvudfrågeställningar var - vilka synsätt har de utredande socialsekreterarna? Kan socialsekreterarnas olika synsätt på missbruk påverka val av behandlingsmetod för klienter? För att kunna få svar på våra frågeställningar tog vi hjälp av två underfrågeställningar. Dessa var - vilka kunskaper har socialsekreterarna om den senaste hjärnforskningen och om psykosociala förklaringsmodeller? Går det att kombinera dessa två olika synsätt?
Metoden vi använde var kvalitativa halvstrukturerade intervjuer med fem socialarbetare. Resultaten analyserades med hjälp av meningskoncentrering och en meningstematisering och utifrån våra valda teoretiska utgångspunkter – socialkonstruktivism, Durkheims begrepp ”sociala fakta” samt Berglinds handlingsteori. Resultaten visade att valet av respektive sätt att se på missbruk inte hade någon påverkan på valet av behandling. Dessutom visade vår studie att sättet att se på missbruk bland de fem intervjupersonerna vi träffade var ganska lika.
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Sandelin, Katarina, and Nina Lahtinen. ""Det är så svårt det där när vi har självbestämmanderätt, när det finns folk som inte klarar av att bestämma själv..." : En intervjustudie om personliga assistenters upplevelser av arbete hos alkoholmissbrukande kunder." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för socialt arbete och psykologi, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-16801.
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Forskning visar att personliga assistenter är en yrkesgrupp som ofta har en bristande psykosocial arbetsmiljö på grund av att assistenterna många gånger arbetar ensamma hos kunden, har brist på tydliga riktlinjer från ledningen samt otillräckligt socialt stöd. Detta i kombination med kunders alkoholmissbruk och deras självbestämmanderätt kan ytterligare skapa utsatthet och etiska dilemman hos assistenterna. Syftet med vår studie var att undersöka hur personliga assistenter beskriver att deras psykosociala arbetsmiljö påverkas av kundens alkoholmissbruk. Vidare var det av vikt att belysa kundens självbestämmanderätt och assistenternas egna gränsdragningar i denna problematik. För att besvara vårt syfte valde vi en kvalitativ undersökningsmetod och intervjuade fem personliga assistenter som har erfarenheter av kunder som lever med alkoholmissbruk. Huvudresultatet av vår studie visade att personliga assistenternas psykosociala arbetsmiljö påverkas negativt av denna problematik genom att de upplever stress och oro. Det bristande stödet och otydliga riktlinjer var viktiga orsaker till den upplevda negativa psykosociala arbetsmiljön.Research shows that personal assistans is a profession that has often been a lack of psychosocial work enwironment due to the fact that assistans often work alone with the client, the lack of clear guidance from management, and inadequate social support. This, in combination with the client's alcohol abuse and its soul discretion maw further create additional vulnerability and ethical dilemmas of the assistans. The aim of our work was to investigate how personal assistans describe that their psychosocial work enwironment is influenced by the customer's alcohol abuse. Further, it was important to higlight the client's autonomy and assistans own boundaries in this problem. To fulfill our purpose, we chose a qualitative research method and interviewed five personal assistans who have experience of clients living with alcohol abuse. The main result of our study showed that their prychosocial work enwironment is adversly affected by this problem in a way that causes stress and anxiety. The lack of support and unclear guidelines were important reasons for the perceived negative psychosocial work enwironment.
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Attonito, Jennifer. "The Influence of Neurocognitive Impairment, Alcohol and other Drug (AOD) Use, and Psychosocial Factors on Antiretroviral Treatment Adherence, Service Utilization and Viral Load Among HIV-Seropositive Adults." FIU Digital Commons, 2013. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/968.
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Among people living with HIV (PLWH), adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) can be affected by problems of neurocognitive (NC) impairment, stress, alcohol and other drug (AOD) abuse, and other barriers. The aims of this research were to: (1) examine factors associated with NC impairment, (2) explore relationships between psychosocial variables with ART adherence and viral load (VL), and (3) evaluate the efficacy of an evidence-based intervention in improving ART adherence, increasing service utilization, and decreasing VL.
The first study (n=370) was cross sectional and used structural equation modeling to test whether AOD use, years living with HIV, and time from HIV diagnosis to seeking care were associated with poorer NC functioning. The second study (n=246) used similar methods to test the hypothesis that stress, barriers to adherence, NC impairment, poor social support, and AOD use were related to lower VL mediated by ART adherence. The third study (n=243) evaluated an evidence-based, eight-session program to improve ART adherence, reduce VL, and increase service utilization in a randomized controlled trial. Study participants were PLWH living in South Florida, 18 to 60 years old, with a history of alcohol abuse enrolled from January 2009 through November 2012.
Secondary analysis of available data showed: (1) scores on interference with executive functioning increased by 0.32 for each day of marijuana use and 1.18 for each year living with HIV, but no association was found between alcohol use and NC functioning; (2) each barrier to adherence was associated with a 10% decrease in adherence to ART and a 0.42 unit increase in VL (log10) and the relationship between barriers and VL was partially mediated by ART adherence; (3) participants in the evidence-based program were more likely than the comparison group to report an undetectable VL (OR=2.25, p
Psychosocial factors affect VL, but ART adherence is essential in achieving an undetectable VL in PLWH.
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Gustafsson, Sofie, and Maria Molin. "Att uppmärksamma och stödja barn till patienter inom beroendepsykiatrin : En kvalitativ intervjustudie." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för folkhälso- och vårdvetenskap, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-311316.
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Bakgrund: Personal inom hälso- och sjukvården ska “beakta ett barns behov av information, råd och stöd” när ett barns förälder eller annan vuxen i barnets närhet lider av eller drabbas av sjukdom, skada, beroende eller vid dödsfall. Barn i familjer där minst en förälder har ett missbruk eller beroende löper större risk att utsättas för fysiskt och psykiskt våld. Barn som växer upp under sådana förhållanden löper även en ökad risk att själva utveckla beroendeproblematik. Information och stöd kan vara avgörande för deras framtida hälsa. Syfte: Att undersöka vilken kunskap och vilka erfarenheter sjuksköterskor verksamma inom beroendepsykiatrin har av att uppmärksamma om det finns barn i patientens närhet som är i behov av information och stöd, samt vilka hindrande respektive främjande faktorer som finns för att kunna tillgodose detta behov. Metod: Sex sjuksköterskor deltog i individuella intervjuer. Intervjuerna analyserades med manifest innehållsanalys. Resultat: Samtliga respondenter uppgav att de alltid tillfrågar sina patienter om det finns barn i deras närhet. De främjande faktorer som har framkommit är att det hos sjuksköterskorna fanns en vilja till förbättring och utveckling i verksamheten samt att barnen uppmärksammas. De hindrande faktorerna beskrivs vara miljön inom beroendepsykiatrin, sjuksköterskornas utbildningsläge, olika rädslor samt viss tidsbrist. Slutsats: Om en strukturerad handlingsplan för att stödja och informera barnen fanns att tillgå skulle detta tillsammans med det engagemang som redan finns hos sjuksköterskorna kunna leda till ett förbättrat stöd till de barn som lever tillsammans med en vuxen med missbruksproblematik.Background: Staff within the Swedish health care should “consider a child’s need of information, advice and support when the child’s parent or other adult in the child’s vicinity suffers from illness, injury, addiction or death”. Children in families where one parent suffers from substance addiction or abuse are at greater risk of being exposed to physical and psychological violence. Children who grow up under those circumstances are also at greater risk of developing addiction problems. Information and support may be vital for their future quality of life. Aim: To examine the knowledge and experiences nurses working in the field of addicition psychiatry have regarding inquiring about whether there are children close to their patient who are in need of information, support, and also what impeding and promoting factors they experience in regards to providing that information and support to the child. Methods: Six nurses participated in individual interviews. The interview results was analyzed using a manifest content analysis. Results: All of the nurses said that they always ask their patients if they have children among them. The promoting factors are their will to improve and development of the business and that they pay attention to the children. The impeding factors are described as the environment within the psychiatry, the nurses education, different fears and a lack of time. Conclusions: If a structured plan to support and inform the children were available, together with the commitment the nurses have expressed, could lead to an improved support for children living with an adult with substance abuse problems.
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Sokudela, Funeka. "A comparison of psychosocial and psychiatric features of mentally capable versus mentally incapable individuals referred by the courts for forensic psychiatric observation in relation to an alleged sexual offence." Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/65810.
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This is a mixed research methods study based at the forensic mental health unit of Weskoppies Psychiatric Hospital in Pretoria, Gauteng Province, South Africa. The overarching aim of the study was to help add insights that could indirectly inform the wider discourse on sexual offending in society and to the body of knowledge on the prevention of sexual violence – including in forensic mental health. Qualitative and quantitative methods were applied through concurrent and transformative mixed research methods, premised on the philosophical stance of pragmatism. Records of individuals accused of sexual offences were explored and in-depth interviews with individuals accused of sexual offending and / or other types of charges referred for observation in terms of the Criminal Procedure Act, 51, 1977 (CPA 1977) were conducted. Psychiatric and psychosocial features and general perspectives on sexual offending were explored. Data collection was done from the end of 2014 to the end of 2015.
In terms of findings, the record-based component of the study revealed that the majority of those referred were mentally capable, were known to the victims and lived in close proximity to them. Boys and girls, elderly women and socially isolated individuals seemed the most vulnerable irrespective of the mental capacity of the accused at the time of an alleged incident. In-depth interviews revealed scepticism, myths and new locally relevant ways of defining sexual violence. Socio-economic determinants of health seemed to render potential perpetrators of sexual offending vulnerable to violence and included adverse childhood events, poverty, unemployment and inequality. Experiences during and after arrest revealed possible human rights violations of alleged offenders by communities and law enforcement systems. Mental illness worsened stigma even in the hands of law enforcement systems.
Central phenomena viz. ‘the perceived oppression of men’ and ‘vulnerability’ of potential victims and potential perpetrators emerged. A tentative theory of ‘vulnerability’, as an explanation and an approach to preventing sexual and other forms of violence in society, is proposed for both victims and potential perpetrators. Public health, socio-ecological frameworks of sexual violence prevention and other explanatory and prevention frameworks on sexual offending seem aligned to the study’s findings. Patriarchy, collective violence inherited from South Africa’s past, social cognitive theory on learning, trauma re-enactment, and other factors seem to play a role. In terms of mixed research contributions, a need for robust ways of studying diverse populations such as South Africa is emerging. Further, an initial stance of studying prevention of sexual violence from a victim-centred advocacy lens, has been transformed to yield accused individuals’ advocacy issues as well. Multi-system prevention approaches involving at-risk potential perpetrators, and not just victims, seem to be the next frontier for research and interventions. The study reveals insights that may contribute to the field of violence prevention.Thesis (PhD)- University of Pretoria, 2018.
Psychiatry
PhD
Unrestricted
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Oelofsen, Melanie. "The use of Gestalt therapy as an alternative assessment technique with primary school girls who have been sexually abused." Diss., Pretoria : [s.n.], 2007. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-11192007-080043/.
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Williams, Bryn Thomas Roy. "The psychosocial adjustment of sexually abused and abusive adolescent boys." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.281779.
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Arderbäck, Joline, and Bibbi Gundersen. ""Att vilja väl och att våga fråga" : En kvalitativ studie om socialsekreterares arbete med barn som lever med missbruk i sin primärfamilj." Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Socialt arbete, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-27114.
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Many children in society live in families where one or both parents have drug-addiction prob- lems. Early life conditions for these children may result in a need of support, which may be a requirement for a more favourable psycho-social development. The study purpose was to in- vestigate social worker’s experience of work with children with drug addiction problems in their primary family, based on the criticism of social service assistance. The study was based on a qualitative approach with semi-structured interviews. Six social workers in central Swe- den were interviewed about their experience of structural and individual preconditions and difficulties in the work. The study shows that the majority of the difficulties are experienced on the structural level within the organization while the majority of the preconditions are ex- perienced on the individual level. The structural difficulties are not experienced to affect the respondent’s own individual preconditions in their work and neither the feeling that they in their profession are able to do a good job. In addition, all the respondents feel that the support for the children and young people meet the current needs.Många barn i samhället lever i familjer där en eller båda föräldrarna har en missbruksproble- matik. Uppväxtvillkoren för dessa barn kan resultera i ett behov av stödinsatser vilka kan vara en förutsättning för en mera gynnsam psykosocial utveckling. Studiens syfte var att undersöka socialsekreterares uppfattning av arbetet med barn som lever med missbruk i sin primärfamilj utifrån den kritik som riktats mot socialtjänstens stödinsatser. Undersökningen utgick från en kvalitativ ansats med semistrukturerade intervjuer . Sex socialsekreterare i Mellansverige in- tervjuades om upplevda strukturella och individuella möjligheter och svårigheter i arbetet. Studien påvisar att majoriteten av svårigheterna upplevs återfinnas på strukturell nivå inom organisationen medan majoriteten av möjligheter återfinns på individuell nivå. De strukturella svårigheterna upplevs inte påverka respondenternas egna individuella möjligheter eller upple- velsen av att de i sin yrkesroll kan utföra ett bra arbete. Dessutom framkom att samtliga re- spondenter upplever att stödet till barn och unga tillgodoser de aktuella behoven.
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Maki, Susan. "Sociocultural and psychosocial an examination of two perspectives on the chronic battered woman phenomenon /." Online version, 1998. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/1998/1998makis.pdf.
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Ferreira, José Carlos. "CENTRO DE ATENÇÃO PSICOSSOCIAL ÁLCOOL E DROGAS (CAPS-ad): A EX-PERIÊNCIA DOS PROFISSIONAIS DE SAÚDE MENTAL NUMA UNIDADE DA BAIXA MOGIANA." Universidade Metodista de São Paulo, 2011. http://tede.metodista.br/jspui/handle/tede/1299.
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Previous issue date: 2011-10-17The abusive use of psychoactive substances has been subject of concern and a problem faced by public policies almost worldwide. The recognition that such use develops significant economic, social, academic, family, physical and mental health consequences has led authori-ties to create programs that aim to cope with the expansion of this phenomenon. In Brazil, after a period in which the treatment offered to substance abusers was predominantly asylum, there have been changes in the model of care for this population, especially with the imple-mentation of Alcohol, Drugs and mental health services inside the Sistema Único de Saúde - SUS. This study aims to identify and analyze the perceptions of mental health professionals who work in ad-CAPS, the relevance and effectiveness of approaches and techniques they use to serve psychoactive substances users. It also wants to detect the academic and complemen-tary formation of those workers, the nature of the professional relationship established be-tween the team members, the results obtained with the work and the degree of satisfaction of those professionals with the results and identify the representation they have of those users and the degree of confidence in the ad-CAPS proposal. To collect data we used the semi-structured interview technique and the data processing was carried out based on the content analysis of Laurence Bardin technique. The research has shown that professionals do not have enough knowledge to deal with addiction, the team does not work in an interdisciplinary way and that the treatment is carried out randomly and with low efficiency. The representation they have the user is of a sick or victimized person by family and socio-economic circums-tances. It was also found that most professionals have doubts about the adequacy of the ad-CAPS as a proposal to care for alcohol and other drugs users.
O uso abusivo de substâncias psicoativas tem sido objeto de preocupação e alvo de políticas públicas de enfrentamento, praticamente no mundo todo. O reconhecimento de que tal forma de uso acarreta relevantes consequências econômicas, sociais, acadêmicas, familiares e de saúde física e mental, tem levado as autoridades competentes a criar programas que visam a fazer frente à expansão desse fenômeno. No Brasil, após um período em que o tratamento oferecido aos usuários de substâncias era predominantemente asilar, vem ocorrendo mudanças significativas no modelo de atenção a essa população, notadamente com a implantação dos Centros de Atenção Psicossocial Álcool e Drogas, dentro da estrutura do Sistema Único de Saúde SUS. O presente estudo tem por objetivo identificar e analisar a percepção dos pro-fissionais de saúde mental que atuam no CAPS-ad, sobre a pertinência e a eficácia das abor-dagens e técnicas por eles utilizadas no atendimento aos usuários de substâncias psicoativas. Visa também a conhecer a formação acadêmica e complementar desses trabalhadores; a natu-reza das relações profissionais que se estabelecem entre os membros da equipe; os resultados obtidos com o trabalho e o grau de satisfação dos profissionais com esses resultados. Objetiva ainda a identificar a representação que eles fazem desses usuários e o grau de confiança na proposta CAPS-ad. Para a coleta de dados utilizou-se a técnica de entrevistas semi-estruturadas e o tratamento dos dados foi realizado com base na técnica de Análise de Conte-údo de Laurence Bardin. A investigação revelou que os profissionais não têm formação para lidar com dependência química, que a equipe não atua de forma interdisciplinar e que o trata-mento é realizado de forma aleatória e com baixa eficácia. A representação que fazem do usu-ário é a de um indivíduo doente e ou vitimado pelas condições familiares e sócio-econômicas. Constatou-se também que a maioria dos profissionais tem dúvidas quanto à adequação do CAPS-ad como proposta para cuidar dos usuários de álcool e outras drogas.
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Romney, Stephanie C. "The impact of intellectual functioning and adverse life events on the psychosocial development of maltreated children /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2005. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3208618.
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Albertín, Carbó Pilar. "Un estudio etnográfico sobre usuarios/as de heroína. Conocimiento psicosocial y práctica reflexiva." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Girona, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/8000.
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Presentación El siguiente trabajo es un ejercicio reflexivo sobre una experiencia própia: Un estudio etnográfico sobre usuarios/as de heroína realizado en un barrio de Barcelona entre los años 1993-1995.
Todo empezó dos años después de escribir la etnografía, al decidir regresar al barrio para explicar a los participantes el trabajo que había escrito sobre aquella experiencia. En esos momentos tomé la decisión de realizar un estudio sobre el papel que yo había desarrollado durante todo el trabajo de campo con esas personas, cómo me había influido, como les había influido, por qué había relatado aquellas cosas sobre sus vidas, qué efectos provocaba lo escrito a posibles lectores, etc. Y así surgió el tema de esta tesis.
Objetivos
En este trabajo me propongo ponerme al lado de los datos que en otro momento recogí y comenzar a analizarlos a la luz de potentes teorías y presupuestos -principalmente de la psicología social-. He tratado de "hacer" un ejercicio reflexivo sobre un caso, una experiencia científica en la qué "yo" he estado implicada.
El objetivo fundamental es mostrar en qué consiste una práctica reflexiva, entendida como una forma de hacer "objetivable" el conocimiento (aspecto que correspondería a una dimensión racional- epistemológica), y también entendida como una forma de encontrar resistencias a discursos dominantes en el conocimiento psicosocial (aspecto que correspondería a una dimensión ético-política).
Como objetivos específicos me propongo:
-señalar un procedimiento que permita conectar al auditorio o lectores con la experiencia particular de la investigadora
-cuestionar mi propia práctica de producción de conocimiento psicosocial
-explorar los "yoes" o subjetividades en el proceso investigador
Marco teórico y metodología
He definido un tipo de práctica reflexiva tomando una perspectiva construccionista crítica localizada en la posición del observador/a, donde el valor de la reflexividad, más que instrumento de comprensión o validación, es un instrumento de cambio. Procederé a través del análisis del discurso de mi práctica social o experiencia de conocimiento científico, junto con conceptos provenientes de la etnometodología, interaccionismo simbólico y fenomenología.
Los métodos han sido la etnografía de laboratorio (basada en Latour y Woolgar), la descripción etnometodológica (de Potter) y el análisis discursivo (los repertorios interpretativos de Potter y Wheterell, y las formaciones discursivas basadas en Foucault).
Mis datos han sido 44 entrevistas en profundidad, a modo de conversaciones con los usuarios y no usuarios significativos en aquel contexto de observación. Casi todas transcritas. Y 5 libretas con notas de campo tomadas durante la observación participante en las que constaban multitud de comentarios personales, interpretaciones sobre el tema y situaciones compartidas entre ellos y "yo".
Resultados y discusión
Como resultado del análisis del discurso he encontrado la confrontación entre formaciones discursivas "naturalizadoras" y "sociologizadoras", acentuando mucho más en mis datos la formación "sociologizadora" (cuestiones legales, relacionales, culturales, etc.), que "naturalizadora" (cuestiones sensoriales, farmacológicas, psicológicas, fisiológicas, etc.). Este dialogismo entre unas y otras formaciones permite tomar consciencia de formas de acción que no son demasiado relevantes en un contexto sociohistórico dado, pero si se activan o "actúan" en contextos específicos de acción donde las personas tienen capacidad agéntica.
La observación participante ha sido fundamental para contextualizar los datos, construidos en su "contexto cotidiano de acción", además, ha dado sentido a las conversaciones y a las entrevistas en profundidad.
El procedimiento empleado, conforma un tipo de modelo que pone en relación di versos constructos: contexto discursivo (o interactivo), posición discursiva y formaciones discursivas, y que se articulan alrededor de un espacio intersubjetivo "yo-alter" que es lo que constituye la unidad básica donde opera la reflexividad.
Se construyen distintos "yoes" en cada momento y trayectoria de la experiencia relatada. Al introducir el "yo" en el trabajo de campo (tanto el mío como el de alter), provoco una problematización de los datos y a la vez, me obliga a reconceptualizar ese "yo" o "yoes" y resignificar esos datos.
Se me plantea mi condición de liminalidad (o de otra manera, decir que no estoy ni dentro ni fuera de la cultura que estudio), donde los contornos de mi identidad se subvierten y donde la condición de ser, es que ninguna subjetividad es permanente. Mi aproximación a "alter" supone una continuidad entre "yo-alter" y en ocasiones resulta amenazante, en la medida en que se confunden los límites y se difuminan con el fin de conseguir una "experiencia empática". Pero no se trataría tanto de una fusión "yo-alter", de manera que sería una dilución de ambos, sino de una permeabilidad de los límites, originando así, un espacio potencial para crear, para conectar y donde se resuelva la tendencia a controlar o contener un "yo" al otro.
Conclusiones
La posibilidad de la práctica reflexiva está en el espacio intersubjetivo "yo-alter". Mi intento de conexión con "alter" me constituye temporalmente en mediadora: "estar en medio de". Esto significa:
l-socavar los cimientos y el orden construido, a través de buscar fisuras, inconsistencias y contradicciones en los discursos manejados, a partir de las cuales hay potenciales trayectos que no se han producido,
2-incorporar diferentes voces o dialogismo en la historia que cuento y no un monólogo de la autora, sino una participación de alternativas posibles y espacios de enunciación, junto con las subjetividades emergentes. Para ello, dos condiciones son ineludibles:
-la agentividad para subvertir lo establecido, las identidades
-el recuperar contextos que sean potencialmente relevantes para actuar discursos.
Considerar las subjetividades también es la manera de tener a "alter" presente. "Alter" se comprende en "mi" a través de un trayecto en el que se marcan las afinidades mutuas y no tanto las identidades, en el que "representar" a "alter" es trazar un trayecto de conocimiento local y situado (como apunta Haraway), pues sólo así es posible generar una praxis transformadora fiel a la parcialidad.
AN ETHNOGRAPHIC STUDY ON HEROIN USERS.
Psycho-social Knowledge and Reflexive Practice
This study is a reflexive exercise based on own experience: an ethnographic study of heroin users carried out in a Barcelona city neighbourhood between 1993 to 1995.
The aim was to analyse data collected using social psychology theoretic perspectives. I will try to demonstrate what reflexive practice is, understood both as a way of making knowledge "objectivable" (rational-epistemological issues), as well as a way of finding resistance to dominant discourses in psychosocial knowledge (ethical-political issues).
The specific aims are:
-to indicate a procedure that would approximate the audience or reader with the particular experience of the researcher,
-to criticise my own production practice of psycho-social knowledge,
-to explore the "self" o subjectivity in the research process. The methods used were: laboratory ethnography (Latour and Woolgar), ethno-methodological description (Potter), discursive analysis (Potter and Wheterell) and discursive training (Foucault). I have carried out 44 interviews and employed 5 fieldwork research reports.
In the procedure used, I have linked: discursive context, position and discursive training. These elements are articulated around an "alter-self" inter-subjective space, constituting the basic unit out of which reflexivity operates.
In my narrative, "sociologising" training discourses (i.e. legal, relational, cultural matters etc.) have predominated over those which are "naturalising" (i.e. sensorial, pharmacological, psychological matters etc.).
Different "self" are formed at every moment and throughout the development of the narrated experience. By introducing the "self" in the tieldwork (both the "self" as well as the "alter"), I introduce a problemising of the data. At the same time, I reconceptualise the "self" and resignify the data.
In conclusion, it is worth pointing out that the possibility of reflexive practice is on the "alter-self" intersubjective space, and my attempt to connect with the "alter", temporarily makes me a "mediator". This means:
-undermining the foundations and the order built, by searching for weaknesses and inconsistencies in discourses. Starting from this generates ways that had not been made.
-Incorporating different voices o dialogisms in the history, together with emerging subjectivities.
Two conditions are unavoidable:
- the agentivity for subverting what is established, the identities,
- to recuperate contexts which are potentially relevant for carrying out discourses.
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Bastos, Isabella Teixeira. "Os processos de trabalho na construção do cuidado: casos emblemáticos atendidos em Centro de Atenção Psicossocial para Álcool e Drogas da Infância e Adolescência (CAPS ADi)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/6/6136/tde-17042013-095240/.
Full textAbstract:
Introdução: O sofrimento psíquico infanto-juvenil foi historicamente atrelado às limitações cognitivas (idiotia infantil) e à necessidade de ação sobre o abandono e delinquência juvenil e traz em seu bojo práticas de cuidado historicamente segregadoras e médico-científicas moralizantes. A assunção do Estado às práticas de cuidado à infância e adolescência principalmente nos movimentos reformadores da década de 80 no Brasil construção do Sistema Único de Saúde e Reforma Psiquiátrica reivindicou um novo olhar em torno desse cuidado, o que foi concretizado na construção de uma política de cuidado infantojuvenil enredada estrategicamente nos CAPS infantojuvenis, bem como na necessidade dos processos de trabalho que apoiassem práticas interseçoras e relacionais produtoras de usuários sujeitos de direitos nesses estabelecimentos. Objetivo: Evidenciar a relação entre as modalidades de produção de cuidado em saúde mental e os processos de trabalho desenvolvidos em um CAPS ADi. Método: cartografia dos processos de trabalho com profissionais de um CAPS ADi de São Bernardo do Campo - São Paulo e dois usuários do estabelecimento. Utilizou-se a metodologia do caso-traçador na congregação de quatro focos de análise sobre dois casos emblemáticos atendidos no CAPS: observação do cotidiano de trabalho, caracterização, grupos focais com profissionais e entrevistas com dois usuários. Resultados: Os resultados apontaram para uma dinâmica de trabalho bastante complexa e atravessada por questões cotidianas do serviço, bem como por diferentes concepções acerca do cuidado, do que é projeto terapêutico e de como cuidar de adolescentes que trazem histórias sociais tão diversas quanto às suas famílias e situações de vulnerabilidade nas quais o uso abusivo de drogas se faz, por vezes, secundário em relação à demanda vivenciada dia-a-dia. Conclusão: É de suma importância construir espaços de reflexão e autoanálise para que os profissionais possam partilhar e rediscutir os processos de subjetivação gerados a partir de suas ações nos usuários e em si próprios, bem como, resignificar o sentido do cuidado e da existência de um Centro de Atenção Psicossocial voltado para crianças e adolescentes que fazem uso abusivo de álcool e drogasIntroduction: The child and youth psychological suffering was historically tied to cognitive deficits and the need for action on child abandonment and juvenile delinquency. They will be cared for the practices historically segregated and medical-scientific moralizing. Nevertheless, the State care practices for childhood and adolescence, the emergence of specific knowledge about child and youth development, and especially the reform movements of the 80s in Brazil the construction of integrated and universal health system, and psychiatric reform - demanded a new point of view around that care, what was achieved later in the construction of a policy of child and youth careful established in Child and Youth Psychosocial Care Centers CAPSi and in need of work processes that supported relational practices intercessors and producing users having rights in these establishments. Objective: It aims to show the relationship between modes of production of mental health care and work processes developed in Child and Youth Psychosocial Care Center to treat drug abuse CAPS ADi. Methods: The work process mapping with professionals and two users of Chlid and Youth CAPS to treat drug abuse at São Bernardo do Campo - São Paulo. We used the methodology of \"case-tracer\" in the congregation of four foci analysis on two emblematic cases seen at CAPS: observation of daily work, characterization and focus groups with professionals and interviews with two users. Results: The results showed a dynamic work quite complex crossed by the everyday issues of service, as well as different conceptions of care, which is the therapeutic project and how to care for adolescents who bring social stories as diverse as their families and vulnerability situations in which drug abuse is done sometimes secondary demand experienced dayto-day. Conclusion: It is extremely important to ensure spaces for reflection so that professionals can share and revisit the processes of subjectivity generated from their actions on users and themselves as well, reframe the meaning of care and the existence of a Psychosocial Center facing children and adolescents who abuse alcohol and drugs
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Juárez, López Josep Ramon. "La credibilidad del testimonio infantil ante supuestos de abuso sexual: indicadores psicosociales." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Girona, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/7995.
Full textAbstract:
La present tesi doctoral estudiarà la temàtica de la credibilitat del relat que els menors presumptament abusats expressen dels fets, en base a l'anàlisi del contingut del seu relat. Fins al moment, la prova que s'utilitza, anomenada CBCA és fonamentalment d'orientació cognitiva, desconsiderant del seu anàlisi, els possibles criteris psicosocials que els menors expressen.Així, la present tesi, a més d'estudiar la prova CBCA, proposa l'utilització d'indicadors psicosocials que, efectivament, són expressats en el relat dels presumptes fets i que, en base a l'anàlisi mètric pertinent, ens permeten presentar-los com a vàlids per a diferenciar relats creíbles, d'aquells relats inventats o falsejats.
La part teòrica de la tesi, presenta un exhaustiu recull de les recerques més significatives sobre les següents temàtiques: la credibilitat, l'instrument CBCA, els factors que influeixen en el testimoni infantil i els indicadors psicosocials de credibilitat.
La part empírica, en base a un disseny observacional-correlacional i amb una mostra de casos reals treballats a la seu de l'Equip d'Assesorament del Jutjats de Girona, durant els anys 2000-2001, presenta l'estudi i anàlisi del CBCA, criticant les limitacions importants que presenta aquest instrument i, naturalment, proposant l'incorporació dels indicadors psicosocials com a criteris per la diferenciació dels relats. Es realitza un complert anàlisi mètric i es comprova l'increment de la qualitat psicomètrica (fiabilitat, validesa, discriminació de ítems) del nou instrument proposat amb els indicadors psicosocials presentats: el secret, relació dependent-envolvent, progressió en l'abús, normes de conducta, símptomes psicològics, favors i regals.
The present doctoral thesis is based on the investigation whose thematic basic it is the credibility of the minor abused sexually. The basic instrument for this investigation, the CBCA (Criteria-Based Content Analysis) it comes being used on the part of the teams of forensic psychologists of the Spanish territory as well as of other many European and American countries. This instrument, relatively new (Steller, 1989) it was studied and analyzed in a previous investigation with the purpose of evidencing their limitations and this way, incrementing their options of becoming a really valid instrument in the course of any judicial act. One of the results of this investigation is that of the 19 original items, the discrimant analysis, offers us a final test restricted to only 12 items, finding, consequently, 7 items that should be eliminated of the initial listing. The use of this corrected test, discovers us 2 important observations with regard to the variable age: those children than more age, they really offer bigger volumes of information, but this bigger information is not excellent for the increment of his credibility. The differential age among a significantly richer volumen of information, settles down around the 8-9 years. In this work we can show psicosocials items with a good psichometric quality for change the initials criteria: the secret, depended-involved relation, progressive abuse, behaviour rules, psychological disorders, favors and presents
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Nery, Givanildo da Silva. "Fatores de risco ao uso e abuso de subst?ncias psicoativas em adolescentes em situa??o de rua na cidade de Feira de Santana - Bahia." Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, 2018. http://tede2.uefs.br:8080/handle/tede/tede/637.
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Funda??o de Amparo ? Pesquisa do Estado da Bahia - FAPEB
Introduction: The use of psychoactive substances (SPA) is an integral phenomenon in the history of mankind and in today's society added to the contexts of vulnerabilities and risks, particularly those experienced by adolescents, has produced impacts to the physical, psychic and emotional health of users. Objective: To describe the sociodemographic characteristics, the general context of the street situation and the factors with the risk and protection of drug abuse among adolescents in the street. Methodology: Descriptive cross-sectional study with 86 adolescents in a street situation aged 12 to 19 years, using territorial mapping and using the Respondent Driven Sampling (RDS) technique. Results: The recognition of the plurality of ways of life, the characteristics of the surveyed territories and the itinerant experiences of street adolescents influence the determination of the limits and possibilities of the Respondent Driven Sampling technique (RDS); was observed that 23.3% of respondents went to the streets for more than 5 years, socioeconomic difficulties and family conflicts concentrated the major reasons for going to the streets, 47.7% and 33.7% respectively. The prevalence of alcohol and tobacco use was 53.50% and 36, respectively, among the illicit drugs marijuana stood out with a higher prevalence of 27.90%. Conclusion: The findings related to the difficulties of the family context and the high prevalence for the use of SPA, especially alcohol and marijuana, awaken the need for preventive work and care to the referred population, whose work on the streets of the urban center exposes them to the various risks and health hazards.
Introdu??o: O uso de subst?ncias psicoativas (SPA) ? fen?meno integrante da hist?ria da humanidade e que na sociedade atual, somado aos contextos de vulnerabilidades e riscos, particularmente os vivenciados por adolescentes, tem produzido impactos ? sa?de f?sica, ps?quica e emocional dos usu?rios. Objetivo: Descrever as caracter?sticas sociodemogr?ficas, o contexto geral da situa??o de rua e os fatores de risco e ? prote??o do uso indevido de drogas, entre adolescentes em situa??o de rua. Metodologia: Estudo transversal descritivo, realizado com 86 adolescentes em situa??o de rua, com idade entre 12 a 19 anos, atrav?s de mapeamento territorial e utilizando-se da t?cnica Respondent Driven Sampling (RDS). Resultados: O reconhecimento da pluralidade de modos de vida, as caracter?sticas dos territ?rios pesquisados e viv?ncias itinerantes dos adolescentes em situa??o de rua influenciam na determina??o dos limites e possibilidades da t?cnica Respondent Driven Sampling (RDS). Observou-se que 23,3% dos entrevistados frequentam a rua h? mais de 5 anos, as dificuldades socioecon?micas e os conflitos familiares concentraram/s?o os maiores motivos de sa?da para as ruas, 47,7% e 33,7%, respectivamente. A preval?ncia do uso de ?lcool e tabaco foi de 53,5% e 36%, respectivamente, dentre as drogas il?citas, a maconha se destacou, com maior preval?ncia, 27,9%. Conclus?o: Os achados relacionados ?s dificuldades do contexto familiar e a alta preval?ncia para o uso de SPA, especialmente ?lcool e maconha, desperta para necessidade de trabalho preventivo e de cuidado ? referida popula??o, cujo trabalho nas ruas do centro urbano os exp?e aos diversos riscos e agravos sa?de.
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Durkin, Elizabeth. "An organizational analysis of the use of medical and psychosocial services in outpatient substance abuse treatment /." 2000. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:9965074.
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Mkhize, Mary Sibongile. "An investigation of the relationship between childhood sexual abuse experiences and psychosocial adjustment in a sample of Black South African adolescents." Thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/651.
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Cappadocia, Mary Catherine. "Cyberbullying and cybervictimization : prevalence, stability, risk and protective factors, and psychosocial problems /." 2008. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:MR51515.
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Thesis (M.A.)--York University, 2008. Graduate Programme in Psychology.Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 53-60). Also available on the Internet. MODE OF ACCESS via web browser by entering the following URL: http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:MR51515
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Jairam, Linda Visvaranie. "Child sexual abuse : psychosocial aspects of cases seen in the greater Durban metropolitan region." Thesis, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/1362.
Full textAbstract:
The sexual abuse of children is recognised worldwide as a problem of significant proportions. It is
generally acknowledged that South Africa has one of the highest rates of sexual crime in the world.
Despite high prevalence figures for child rape in South Africa, there has been no systematic attempt to
explore the nature and scope of the problem in this country. The identification of factors which
increase a child's risk for sexual abuse is of considerable importance in the design and implementation
of appropriate prevention interventions.
With this in mind, this investigation set out to identify psychosocial aspects associated with child
sexual abuse in an urban sample of South African children. The main question that guided this
investigation was: What were the psychosocial factors that might have contributed to the sexual abuse in the study sample?
An integrated conceptual framework with some of the most frequently occurring etiologic factors across existing theoretical perspectives was used as a lens for understanding the various factors that
might have contributed to child sexual abuse in the study sample?
The identification of psychosocial aspects involved a file review of 245 cases of child sexual abuse
reported to the Crisis Centre Unit at the Mahatma Gandhi Memorial Hospital during the period of
November 2002 - April 2003. The site for data collection for this study was the Durban Region which
is located in KwaZulu Natal and which has the second highest incidence rate for child sexual abuse in
South Africa. A recording sheet was completed by the researcher with which data from the sample of
content was taken. A wide range of variables was tapped, including ethnic distribution, socioeconomic
status of the family, age and sex distribution of the child, type of family constellation, relationship of
perpetrator to the child and probable psychosocial factors or mechanisms that contributed towards the sexual abuse. Descriptive statistics and the chi-square test of significance were used to analyse the data. The results showed clearly that situational factors (absence of other adults at home, poor or no
supervision, child alone or unprotected and abduction) appeared high on the list among the
psychosocial aspects. Other factors included child factors (child mentally retarded), perpetrator factors
(psychiatric illness, unemployment and drug and alcohol abuse) and parental factors (marital problems
in parents). Though the results showed clearly that situational factors appeared high on the list among
the reported probable factors, whatever information obtained through socioeconomic status, family
constellation, ethnicity and relationship of perpetrator to the child has thrown some light on
understanding the various factors related to child sexual abuse in a South African setting. Living in a
housing condition that was not protective, living in a family with a low income and living in a broken
family setup, all of which have been associated with higher risks of abuse, were factors that were
prevalent in most cases in the study sample. The results of this study indicated that sexual abuse is a
complex phenomenon caused by the interaction of a wide variety of equally complex variables which
is congruent with the conceptual framework for this study (based on a content analysis of different
theories) that views child sexual abuse as a complex multifactorial phenomenon and not a simplistic
cause and effect event.
The research, therefore, concludes with recommendations to policy makers on primary prevention of
child sexual abuse. This would mean actively involving themselves in programmes that assist in the
eradication of poverty and, provision of better housing, recreational and after-school care.Thesis (M.Ed.)-University of Durban-Westville, 2004.
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Bacon, Kathryn L. "Psychosocial factors in relation to risk of diabetes and weight gain in African-American women." Thesis, 2016. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/17095.
Full textAbstract:
Two serious adverse health effects of obesity are development of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes, which may also lead to stroke, kidney failure, blindness, and non-traumatic amputations. Diabetes and obesity occur more commonly among U.S. African-American women than among white women. One postulated mechanism in the development of obesity and diabetes is disruption of the neuroendocrine system by chronic psychosocial stress. Using data from the Black Women’s Health Study (BWHS), we examined three psychosocial stressors more prevalent in African-American women than white women, and their possible contribution to the incidence of diabetes and obesity among African-American women.
Study 1 examined perceived racism and incidence of diabetes over 16 years (1997–2013), among 45,781 women. Women with higher scores for perceived everyday or lifetime racism had greater risk of diabetes compared to women with lesser exposure. Mediation by BMI may have accounted for half of these associations.
Study 2 examined abuse victimization with incidence of diabetes in adulthood over eight years (2005–2013), among 29,193 women. Compared to women reporting no abuse in their life span, there was an increased risk of diabetes among women who experienced abuse only during adolescence, or only adolescence and childhood. Higher frequency of sexual abuse or greater severity of abuse increased risk of diabetes. There was some evidence for mediation by BMI, and as a modifier; in stratified analyses overweight women experienced an increased risk of diabetes with childhood sexual abuse.
Study 3 evaluated the association of night shift work and weight change over an eight year period (2005–2013), among 28,565 women. Stratified analyses showed BMI modified the association: normal and overweight women who worked a night shift gained significantly more weight than women who did not work a night shift; this was not found among obese women. Younger night shift workers who worked 10 or more years appeared to gain more weight than younger non-night shift workers.
In conclusion, there is evidence that perceived racism, abuse, and night shift work may be psychosocial stressors whose downstream effects may contribute to type 2 diabetes and weight gain among African-American women.
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Ruttle, Erin Mary. "The relationship of caudate volume, attention, executive functioning and psychosocial functioning in children with fetal alcohol syndrome : an MRI investigation /." 2007. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:MR32020.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (M.A.)--York University, 2007. Graduate Programme in Psychology.Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 60-70). Also available on the Internet. MODE OF ACCESS via web browser by entering the following URL: http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:MR32020