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Trombly, Theresa N. "Psychophysiology of selective mutism." Honors in the Major Thesis, University of Central Florida, 2010. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETH/id/1511.
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This item is only available in print in the UCF Libraries. If this is your Honors Thesis, you can help us make it available online for use by researchers around the world by following the instructions on the distribution consent form at http://library.ucf.edu/Systems/DigitalInitiatives/DigitalCollections/InternetDistributionConsentAgreementForm.pdf You may also contact the project coordinator, Kerri Bottorff, at kerri.bottorff@ucf.edu for more information.Bachelors
Sciences
Psychology
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Dunwoody, Lynn. "The psychophysiology of colour." Thesis, University of Ulster, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.385815.
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Behbehani, M. J. "Genetics, development and psychophysiology." Thesis, University of York, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.374162.
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Ferreira, Pedro João Bem-Haja Gabriel. "Psychophysiology of eyewitness testimony." Doctoral thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/22797.
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Doutoramento em PsicologiaAs testemunhas oculares são muitas vezes o único meio que temos para aceder à autoria de um crime. Contudo, apesar dos 100 anos de evidência de erros no testemunho ocular, a consciência das suas limitações como meio de prova só ganhou força no advento do ADN. De facto os estudos de exoneração mostraram que 70 % das ilibações estavam associadas a erros de testemunho ocular. Estes erros têm um impacto social elevado principalmente os falsos positivos, por colocar inocentes na prisão. De acordo com a literatura, deverão ser utilizadas novas abordagens para tentar reduzir o numero de erros de identificação. Destas abordagens, destacam-se a análise dos padrões de movimentos oculares e os potenciais evocados. Nos nossos estudos utilizamos essas novas abordagens com o objetivo de examinar os padrões de acerto ou de identificação do criminoso, usando um paradigma de deteção de sinal. No que diz respeito aos movimentos oculares, não foram encontrados padrões robustos de acerto. No entanto, obtiveram-se evidências oculométricas de que a fusão de dois procedimentos (Alinhamento Simultâneo depois de um Alinhamento Sequencial com Regra de Paragem) aumenta a probabilidade de acerto. Em relação aos potenciais evocados, a P100 registou maior amplitude quando identificamos um inocente. Este efeito é concomitante com uma hiperactivação no córtex prefrontal ventromedial (CPFVM) identificada na análise de estimação de fontes. Esta hiperativação poderá estar relacionada com uma exacerbação emocional da informação proveniente da amígdala. A literatura relaciona a hiperativação no CPFVM com as falsas memorias, e estes resultados sugerem que a P100 poderá ser um promissor indicador de falsos positivos. Os resultados da N170 não nos permitem associar este componente ao acerto na identificação. Relativamente à P300, os resultados mostram uma maior amplitude deste componente quando identificamos corretamente um alvo, mas não diferiu significativamente de quando identificamos um inocente. Porém, a estimação de fontes mostrou que nessa janela temporal (300-600 ms) se verifica uma hipoativação dos Campos Oculares Frontais (COF) quando um distrator é identificado. Baixas ativações dos COF estão relacionadas com redução da eficiência de processamento e com a incapacidade para detetar alvos. Nas medidas periféricas, a eletromiografia facial mostrou que a maior ativação do corrugador e a menor ativação do zigomático são um bom indicador de quando estamos perante um criminoso. No que diz respeito ao ritmo cardíaco, a desaceleração esperada para os alvos devido à sua saliência emocional apenas foi obtida quando a visualização de um alvo foi acompanhada por um erro na identificação (i.e., um falso negativo). Neste trabalho de investigação parece que o sistema nervoso periférico está a responder corretamente, identificando o alvo, por ser emocionalmente mais saliente, enquanto que a modulação executiva efectuada pelo CPFVM conduz ao falso positivo. Os resultados obtidos são promissores e relevantes, principalmente quando o resultado de um erro poderá ser uma condenação indevida e, consequentemente, uma vida injustamente destruída.
Eyewitnesses are often the only way we can access the author of a crime. However, despite 100 years of evidence of errors in eyewitness testimony, awareness of its limitations only gained strength with the advent of DNA. In fact, 70% of exonerations have been associated with eyewitness errors. These errors have a high social impact, mainly false positives. According to the literature, new approaches to try to reduce the number of identification errors should be used. Of these, the study of oculometric patterns and event-related Potentials (ERP) stand out. In our studies, these new approaches were used with the objective of examining patterns of accuracy, using a signal detection paradigm. Regarding eye movements, no entirely clear patterns were found. However, there was oculometric evidence that the merging of two procedures (Simultaneous Lineup after a Sequential Lineup with Stopping Rule) increases performance accuracy. Regarding ERPs, the P100 registered a larger amplitude when an innocent was identified. This effect is concomitant with a hyperactivation in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (VMPFC) identified by source estimation analysis. This hyperactivation might be related to an emotional exacerbation of the information coming from the amygdala. The literature relates the hyperactivation in the VMPFC with false memories, and these results suggest that the P100 component might be a promising marker of false positive errors. The results of the N170 do not allow to associate this component with accuracy. Regarding the P300, the results showed a greater amplitude of this component when a target was correctly identified but did not differ significantly from when an innocent was identified. However, source analysis in this time window (300-600 ms) showed a hypoactivation of Frontal Eye Fields (FEF) when a distractor was identified. FEF inactivations are related to the reduction of processing efficiency and to the inability to detect a target. Concerning the peripheral measures, facial electromyography showed that the greater activation of the corrugator and the lower activation of the zygomaticus are a good marker of when we are facing a perpetrator. Regarding heart rate, the expected deceleration for the targets due to their emotional salience was only obtained when the visualization of a target was accompanied by an error in the identification (i.e., a miss). In this research it seems that the peripheral nervous system is responding correctly, identifying the target, because it is emotionally more salient, while the executive modulation carried out by the VMPFC causes the false positive error. The results presently obtained are promising and relevant, especially when the result of an error might be an undue condemnation of an innocent and consequently a destroyed life.
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Hedman, Elliott B. (Elliot Bruce). "Thick psychophysiology for empathic design." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/91436.
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Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, School of Architecture and Planning, Program in Media Arts and Sciences, 2014.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 147-155).
Over the course of six years, I brought ambulatory psychophysiology into a variety of industries as a means of conducting design research. I looked at the stress of children in occupational therapy, the frustration of playing Hasbro board games, the thrill of driving a Google Self Driving Car, the confidence of shopping at Best Buy and Lowes, the excitement of playing LEGO Technic for the first time, the tension of watching one's first symphony, and the anxiety of talking about birth control. Working with stake holders within these settings I developed "Thick Psychophysiology," defined by four characteristics: 1. Psychophysiological data is quantitatively measured, 2. The research answers explorative, open ended questions, 3. The research measures external context, and 4. The research measures internal context. By combining ethnographic methods with psychophysiology, researchers can address the challenges of specificity that ambulatory, explorative research produces. Two case studies of preliminary design research are provided about the LEGO Group and the New World Symphony, showcasing how thick psychophysiology can help uncover customer's unarticulated needs. Once needs are uncovered, the challenge is how to motivate an organization to address those needs. Traditionally, designers use storytelling as a way to communicate research findings in regards to user experience, which in some cases can be ineffective in creating the needed motivation. The method developed in this thesis contains components designed to help influence organizational change. To test the effect psychophysiological data can have on organizational change, I delivered a survey testing four ways (conditions) of presenting findings: Storytelling (the most common method used by companies such as IDEO), Video-based (adding video to the story), and two conditions using Video and psychophysiology, varying how the physiological insights were presented (narrow vs. broad). Participants in the broad condition were told the skin conductance could mean a variety of things including moving, breathing hard, being stressed, or being excited. We analyzed the results of 143 LEGO employees. Participants in the broad skin conductance condition had a 47% chance of increasing the priority of the proposed initiative, whereas only 9% of participants in the storytelling condition increased the priority of that initiative (p<0.0 1). Post hoc analysis showed that when participants reported an empathic response to the skin conductance, they were even more likely to increase the priority of that broad skin conductance initiative (75%). These results suggest that, when compared to storytelling, presenting psychophysiological data can be a more effective way to communicate customer experience.
by Elliott Bruce Hedman.
Ph. D.
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Hitt, Sabrina Kelley. "Disclosure, psychophysiology, and major depression." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/289225.
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A recent line of research has provided consistent evidence that confiding traumatic or stressful experiences not only provides psychological benefits, but also improves physical health among populations without significant psychopathology. This study attempted to replicate and extend the work of Pennebaker and colleagues using a clinical population (i.e. Major Depressive Disorder) and a different method of disclosure (i.e. a structured clinical interview). Thirty-nine out of 61 subjects, who were interviewed to determine eligibility for a depression treatment study, met entrance criteria and completed the study. Heart rate (HR), skin conductance level (SCL), and respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) were recorded before, during and after administering the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression at baseline. In contrast to expectation and to previous research, disclosure level during the interview did not predict long-term improvements in mental or physical health amongst individuals with Major Depression who completed treatment. Disclosure during a clinical interview about depression may not be as beneficial as open-ended disclosure about traumatic or stressful experiences. Another possible explanation for why disclosure did not result in improved mental or physical health may be that the treatment effect was sufficiently strong to overshadow any subtle effects of disclosure. Increased physiological arousal from before to after the interview predicted less depression and anxiety at the end of the study, but did not predict decreased health utilization or improved health as found in previous research. Increased arousal following disclosure may indicate that cognitive change has occurred. Cognitive change may lead to insights that facilitate long-term improvements in mental health. The present study suggests the utility of further examining the association between physiological arousal during disclosure and its long-term impact on mental and physical health in clinical populations.
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Jurvelin, H. (Heidi). "Transcranial bright light:the effect on human psychophysiology." Doctoral thesis, Oulun yliopisto, 2018. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789526218113.
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Abstract In addition to the visual information, external light causes non-image-forming (NIF) effects that modulate brain function and induce psychophysiological effects. The light signal is traditionally assumed to only be mediated via the eyes. Recent studies have suggested the existence of putatively light sensitive structures in the rodent and human brain and penetration of light into the skull and brain tissue has been observed. The brain activation observed during transcranial bright light (TBL) exposure indicates a direct light responsivity of brain tissue. The aim of this thesis was to explore the psychophysiological responses related to TBL. The studies comprising this thesis were conducted in healthy subjects and patients suffering from seasonal affective disorder. TBL exposure was administered via the ear canals in all study settings using light-emitting diodes (LEDs). The comparisons in studies I, II, and III were conducted against the inactivated sham device. Study IV explored the effect of TBL dose. Neither melatonin nor cortisol secretions were altered when acutely exposed to nocturnal TBL. Circadian profiles in TBL setting were in parallel to control conditions for both hormones. Intermittent TBL exposure led to alleviation of jet lag symptoms. Overall post-travel jet lag symptoms as well as subjective feelings of fatigue, inertia, and forgetfulness were reduced. The time to execute the motor response i.e. motor time with a visual warning signal was improved by the TBL treatment. TBL alleviated both depressive and anxiety symptoms related to seasonal affective disorder (SAD). A dose-response relationship regarding the intensity of dose administered via the ear canals was not found. Altogether, TBL seems to affect human brain function by alleviating symptoms of jet lag and SAD and improving psychomotor performance. The acute effect is suggested to be mediated via structures unrelated to acute melatonin secretion i.e. the retinohypotalamic tract (RHT). These results support the light sensitivity of the human brain although the mechanism of action is not yet establishedTiivistelmä Visuaalisen informaation lisäksi valo aiheuttaa käytöksellisiä ja fysiologisia vaikutuksia, jotka eivät liity kuvan muodostamiseen. Yleisesti vaikutuksen ajatellaan välittyvän aivoihin ainoastaan silmien kautta. Viimeaikaiset tutkimukset ovat havainneet jyrsijöiden ja ihmisten aivoissa mahdollisesti valolle vasteellisia rakenteita. Valon on osoitettu lisäksi läpäisevän kallon ja saavuttavan aivokudoksen. Aivojen aktivoituminen kallon läpi annettavan valoaltistuksen aikana viittaa myös suoraan aivojen valovasteellisuuteen. Tämän väitöskirjan tavoitteena oli tarkastella vaikuttaako kallon läpi annettava valo ihmisen psykofysiologiaan. Tähän väitöskirjaan sisällytetyt tutkimukset tehtiin terveillä vapaaehtoisilla tutkittavilla ja kaamosmasennuspotilailla. Ledin avulla tuotettu valo annettiin kaikissa tutkimusasetelmissa korvakäytävien kautta. Tutkimukset I, II ja III tehtiin lumekontrolliasetelmassa. Tutkimuksessa IV tarkasteltiin valon annosvastetta. Akuutin yöaikaisen valoaltistuksen ei havaittu muuttavan melatoniinin tai kortisolin eritystä. Molempien hormonien vuorokausieritysprofiilit olivat kontrolliasetelman kaltaiset. Jaksottaisen valoaltistuksen havaittiin lievittävän aikaerorasituksen kokonaisoireita ja vähentävän väsymystä, inertiaa ja hajamielisyyttä. Motorisen nopeuden havaittiin paranevan kolmen viikon valohoitojakson aikana. Lisäksi neljän viikon valohoitojakso lievitti kaamosmasennukseen liittyviä masennus- ja ahdistusoireita. Vaikutuksessa ei havaittu eroa eri valoannoksen saaneiden ryhmien välillä. Kallon läpi annettava kirkasvalo näyttäisi vaikuttavan ihmisen aivotoimintaan lievittämällä aikaerorasituksen ja kaamosmasennuksen oireita sekä parantamalla psykomotorista suorituskykyä. Vaikutus ei ole yhteydessä akuuttiin melatoniinin erityksen estämiseen. Tämän tutkimuksen tulokset tukevat ajatusta aivojen valovasteellisuudesta. Kallon kautta annettavan valon vaikutusmekanismia ei kuitenkaan tiedetä vielä
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Stones, Andjelka. "Psychophysiology of panic attacks : an integrated study." Thesis, University of Westminster, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.322991.
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Ktistaki, Georgia. "Psychophysiology of fearful temperament : a follow up study." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2009. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/54506/.
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Fearfulness as a temperament dimension is already evident in infants. Children who vary in fearfulness differ in their behavioural and physiological reactivity to novel situations. Despite evidence linking the extremes of early fearful temperament to later psychopathology, information regarding its development and correlates is lacking. The present research examined fearful temperament in infancy through assessments of behaviour and physiology, and compared this information with maternal reports. The proposed associations between fearfulness, sustained attention and of effortful control were also investigated. Temperament was examined longitudinally in 50 healthy infants in the 1st and 2nd year of life. Mothers reported on their children's fearfulness behavioural distress during fear provocation, and resting and stress levels of skin conductance activity (SCA) and Cortisol were examined. Skin conductance responses (SCRs) during an Orienting Habituation Paradigm (OHP) were also studied. We successfully induced fear in children, as reflected in significant changes in behaviour and physiology. In line with previous findings, higher physiological stress reactivity was most prominent in children high in behavioural distress, but only in year 1. Mother-rated fearfulness was not associated with physiological reactivity. With respect to the development of fear, although baseline physiological levels decreased over time, behavioural and physiological stress reactivity increased, supporting the notion that fear in young children increases with time as a result of developing cognitive skills. Within-year (i.e., baseline vs. stress) but not between-year (year 1 vs. 2) stability in individual patterns of behaviour and physiological reactivity was observed. Mother-rated fearfulness and internalizing behaviour were related to better ability to delay gratification. Unexpectedly, sustained attention and effortful control performance were inversely related. Finally, no evidence of gender differences on any temperament parameter was observed. The implications of these findings for our understanding of early temperament development are discussed.
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Sisson, Wade B. "Development and Implementation of an Interdisciplinary Psychophysiology Curriculum." Miami University Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=muhonors1303488058.
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Churches, Owen Francis. "The psychophysiology of face perception in Autism Spectrum Conditions." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.609259.
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Mota, Rui Manuel Nunes. "Designing for the senses through food design and psychophysiology." Master's thesis, ISA/UL, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/17971.
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Ellis, Darren. "Narrative, disclosure and psychophysiology : a mixed methods exploration of emotion." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2007. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/5203.
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The research in this thesis focuses on the ways in which participants represent highly charged negative emotional experiences in narrative form through vocal disclosures, and the relationships between disclosure style and psychophysiological activity. This thesis also attempts to theorise some of the psychophysiological mechanisms that may be associated with the effects of emotional disclosure. Participants were randomly assigned to an emotion (disclosure) group (n = 16) in which they talked about a particular highly charged negative experience, or a neutral (control) group (n = 16) in which they talked about their typical morning. Participants undertook these tasks on three separate occasions, each separated by one week. Skin conductance levels (SCLs) were measured throughout. Statistical analyses were conducted to look at possible SCL differences between the two groups and associations between the disclosure style and SCL variations. Although there were no statistically significant differences between the two groups' SCLs, there were significant differences in SCLs with regard to disclosure style. Qualitative narrative and discourse analyses were undertaken on 4 selected participants, chosen on the basis of clinically significant SCL moves. These analyses revealed that neutral participants also engaged in forms of emotional disclosure through forms of identity negotiation that were constructed within their talk concerning their typical mornings. The qualitative analysis also identified disclosure styles that may be associated with variations in psychophysiological activity.
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Santerre, Craig Lee. "The Psychophysiology of Intrusive Cognitions: Comparing Thought Suppression Vs Acceptance." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/194621.
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Intrusive cognitions are a natural occurrence within our stream of consciousness, however, when they become repetitive, negative, distressing, and difficult to control, they may warrant clinical concern. Thought suppression is a common control strategy used to manage intrusive thoughts even though research suggests it may actually exacerbate the problem. Conversely, acceptance-based interventions have gained recent attention as an alternative strategy for managing distressing internal experiences. Only preliminary research has focused on the psycho- and neurophysiological bases of intrusive cognitions, and their relationship to cognitive control strategies. Evidence suggests that the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) may be a brain region critically involved in this process. The present investigation compared the subjective, behavioral, and physiological effects of a thought suppression and acceptance strategy in a sample of university students with high or low obsessive-compulsive (OC) characteristics who were exposed to an emotion-evoking film clip. Participants were instructed either to suppress or accept any intrusive cognitions during a rest period after the film clip, while monitoring for the number of intrusions. Next, psychophysiological signals and reaction times were measured while participants performed a variant of the Stroop task. The commission of errors during a forced choice task generates an error-related negativity (ERN), which is believed to index activity in the ACC. Results showed that self-reported intrusions during the rest interval were greater for the acceptance group and the high-OC group. Correlations suggested that participants who reported more effort at suppression also indicated more distress about their thoughts, whereas those who reported more acceptance indicated less distress. During Stroop task errors, the ERN was apparent as a maximal frontal negativity, and was larger for the suppression group than the acceptance group at a frontal scalp site (Fz), but not a central scalp site (Cz). Correlations between self-reported intrusions at rest and ERN amplitude indicated that participants who reported fewer intrusions demonstrated enhanced ERNs, a marker for increased ACC activity. These findings may be interpreted as supporting the hypothesis that thought suppression is associated with increased ACC activity and greater self-reported discomfort with the intrusions.
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Pigeau, Ross A. Carleton University Dissertation Psychology. "Psychophysiology of cognition; some E.E.G. correlates and a new descriptive technique." Ottawa, 1985.
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Harris, Keith W. "The psychophysiology of marital interaction : differential effects of support and conflict /." view abstract or download file of text, 2001. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/uoregon/fullcit?p3003994.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2001.Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 92-98). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users.
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Kors, Deborah Joy. "Does social support reduce cardiovascular stress reactivity only if you want support: a test of a match/mismatch hypothesis." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape10/PQDD_0032/NQ38917.pdf.
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Schum, Jennifer Jorgensen Randall S. "A study investigating the effects of sociotropy on ambulatory blood pressure while encountering interpersonal stressors." Related electronic resource: Current Research at SU : database of SU dissertations, recent titles available full text, 2004. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/syr/main.
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Schoeffel, Joan Canal. "Personality and pain response a componential analysis /." Gainesville, FL, 1986. http://www.archive.org/details/personalitypainr00scho.
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Hallas, Claire Nicola. "Surviving coronary heart disease : the relationship between psychophysiology and quality of life." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.367135.
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Crehan, Eileen Tara. "The Stare-In-The-Crowd Effect: Phenomenology, Psychophysiology, And Relations To Psychopathology." ScholarWorks @ UVM, 2016. http://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis/542.
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The eyes are a valuable source of information for a range of social processes. The stare-in-the-crowd effect describes the ability to detect self-directed gaze. Impairment in gaze detection mechanisms, such as the stare-in-the-crowd effect, has implications for social interactions and development of social relationships. Given the frequency with which humans utilize gaze detection in interactions, there is a need to better characterize the stare-in-the-crowd effect. This study utilized a previously validated dynamic visual paradigm to capture the stare-in-the-crowd effect. We compared typically-developing (TD) young adults and young adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) on multiple measures of psychophysiology, including eye tracking and heart rate monitoring. Four conditions of visual stimuli were presented: averted gaze, mutual gaze, catching another staring, and getting caught staring. Eye tracking outcomes and arousal (pupil size and heart rate variability) were compared by diagnosis (TD or ASD) and condition (averted, mutual, catching another staring, getting caught staring) using repeated measure ANOVA. Significant interaction of diagnosis and condition was found for IA dwell time, IA fixation count, and IA second fixation duration. Hierarchical regression was used to assess how dimensional behavioral measures predicted eye tracking outcomes and arousal; only two models with advanced theory of mind as a predictor were significant. Overall, we demonstrated that individuals with ASD do respond differently to various gaze conditions in similar patterns to TD individuals, but to a lesser extent. This offers potential targets to social interventions to capitalize on this present but underdeveloped response to gaze. Implications and future directions are discussed.
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Penrod, Molly. "Psychophysiology of the Stress Response and the Hierarchical Structure of Emotional Disorders." W&M ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1550153776.
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Physiological stress reactivity is closely linked to emotional disorders like depression and anxiety and is believed to play a causal role in their development. Similar patterns of exaggerated reactivity across a wide range of emotional disorders indicate that physiological hyperreactivity to stress may be a multifinal, or shared, risk factor for these disorders. However, current literature examines stress reactivity in only one or two disorders at a time and is based off categorical classification systems that assume mental disorders to be discrete entities. Recent research into the observed distribution of symptoms of mental illness contests this assumption and proposes that some mental disorders have shared developmental factors that can be revealed through dimensional models of psychopathology. One dimensional model of mental disorders, the Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology, addresses this limitation by placing symptoms of internalizing disorders within a dimensional, hierarchically arranged model. The current study utilized this hierarchical model to investigate the relationship between physiological reactions to a laboratory stressor and symptoms of emotional disorders. in a sample of 201 college students, we used latent variable modeling techniques to parse symptoms of emotional disorders into their common (higher-order) and unique (lower-order) features, then examined the strength of the relationship between physiological stress reactivity and common versus unique elements. We hypothesized that common features of emotional disorders would be more strongly related to stress reactivity than any of the unique features. Our results suggested that neither common nor unique features were significantly related to physiological stress reactivity. This finding contradicts previous investigations that found evidence for exaggerated physiological responses in individuals with emotional disorders. Our study improves upon previous research by examining the full range of symptoms of emotional disorders, and our conclusion suggests that the relevance of physiological response in emotional disorders should be critically examined, particularly in light of the limitations of traditional classification systems.
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Cannon, Jordan Krokhmal Pavlo. "Statistical analysis and algorithms for online change detection in real-time psychophysiological data." [Iowa City, Iowa] : University of Iowa, 2009. http://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/342.
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Ho, Tin-hung Rainbow. "Psychophysiological effects of psychosocial interventions : an example of breast cancer patients in Hong Kong." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2005. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B31049060.
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Krishnan, Giri. "Evoked neural oscillations to steady state auditory stimuli in schizophrenia." [Bloomington, Ind.] : Indiana University, 2009. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3378363.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Indiana University, Dept. of Psychological and Brain Sciences, 2009.Title from PDF t.p. (viewed on Jul 8, 2010). Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 70-10, Section: B, page: 6598. Advisers: Brian F. O'Donnel; Olaf Sporns.
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Bradley, Samuel David. "Exploring the validity and reliability of the acoustic startle probe as a measure of attention and motivation to television programming." [Bloomington, Ind.] : Indiana University, 2005. http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/3183460.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Indiana University, Dept. of Telecommunications and the Program of Cognitive Science, 2005.Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 66-08, Section: B, page: 4527. Advisers: Annie Lang; Michael Gasser. Title from dissertation home page (viewed Oct. 10, 2006).
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Wood, David A. "Effects of environmental experience on behavior and neuronal activity in nucleus accumbens core and shell in an appetitive learning task." [Bloomington, Ind.] : Indiana University, 2006. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?urlv_er=Z39.88-2004&rftv_alf_mt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&resd_at=xri:pqdiss&rftd_at=xri:pqdiss:3219918.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Indiana University, Program in Neuroscience and Dept. of Psychological and Brain Sciences, 2006.Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 67-06, Section: B, page: 2993. Adviser: George V. Rebec. "Title from dissertation home page (viewed Jan. 9, 2007)."
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Kwiatkowski, Jonna. "Individual Differences in the Neurophysiology of Creativity." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2002. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/KwiatkowskiJ2002.pdf.
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Nelson, Paul Christian. "Physiological correlates of temporal envelope perception." Related electronic resource: Current Research at SU : database of SU dissertations, recent titles available full text, 2006. http://proquest.umi.com/login?COPT=REJTPTU0NWQmSU5UPTAmVkVSPTI=&clientId=3739.
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Smith, Benjamin R. "Inhibitory learning in Hermissenda crassicornis photoreceptors light responses, conductance changes, and computer modeling /." [Bloomington, Ind.] : Indiana University, 2007. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3278465.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Indiana University, Dept. of Neuroscience, 2007.Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 68-10, Section: B, page: 6516. Adviser: Joseph Farley. Title from dissertation home page (viewed May 21, 2008).
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Messier, Claude. "Effect of glucose on memory : examination of possible mechanisms." Thesis, McGill University, 1986. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=74362.
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Previous research has shown that ingestion of sucrose or injection of glucose following a learning experience can improve an animal's memory for that experience. The present work was directed towards elucidating the mechanisms by which sucrose and glucose produce this effect. Memory was tested by determining the effects of post-training injections of various substances on a conditioned emotional response. Glucose itself exerted a dose-dependent bidirectional action on retention. This action was shown not to depend on particular blood glucose levels. Insulin did not improve retention at any of the doses tested. Fructose, a sugar that does not cross the blood-brain barrier produced a dose-response effect on retention similar to that of glucose suggesting that fructose and glucose may act through a common peripheral mechanism. The observation of a memory improvement following injections of either 2-deoxyglucose or 3-O-methylgucose, two non-metabolized glucose analogs, suggested that the effect of glucose on retention may be due to an action on glucose transport and not to any metabolic effects of glucose. Two peripheral organs were examined for their possible involvement in the memory-improving action of glucose. This action was shown not to be dependent on the adrenal medulla which has been implicated in the action of other mnemoactive treatments. Partial denervation of the liver produced a partial attenuation of the effect of glucose on retention. The results are discussed in terms of the action of reinforcers on endogenous physiological mechanisms that modulate memory consolidation.
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Mitchell, D. A. "Schizophrenia, electrodermal activity and event related potentials." Thesis, University of York, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.381318.
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Sansur, M. S. "Electrodermal and cardiac activity in relation to positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia." Thesis, University of York, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.379490.
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Михайлова, Тетяна Іванівна, Татьяна Ивановна Михайлова, Tetiana Ivanivna Mykhailova, Людмила Олександрівна Лось, Людмила Александровна Лось, and Liudmyla Oleksandrivna Los. "Психофизиологические корреляты успешности спортивной деятельности у дзюдоистов полярной квалификации." Thesis, Видавництво СумДУ, 2008. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/5756.
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Holmes, Paul Stewart. "The development of a functional equivalence model for motor imagery." Thesis, Manchester Metropolitan University, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.326769.
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Thibodeau, Ryan. "Does approach-related anger attenuate eyeblink startle? An examination of the motivational properties of anger /." Related electronic resource: Current Research at SU : database of SU dissertations, recent titles available full text, 2008. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/syr/main.
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Sims, Thomas B. "Characterising the link between reward and mimicry : perspectives from psychophysiology, neuroimaging, and autism." Thesis, University of Reading, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.632858.
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Spontaneous facial mimicry is a biological marker of affective empathy. Individuals with Autistic Spectrum Conditions (AS C), known to be weak empathisers, show reduced spontaneous facial mimicry compared with typically developed individuals. However, evidence that deliberate facial mimicry in ASC is intact refutes the notion of a deficit in the ASC mimicry system per se, and instead raises two interesting questions; (I) What drives spontaneous facial mimicry in the general population? (2) Why do individuals with ASC not engage in spontaneous facial mimicry to the same extent as typically developed individuals? In this thesis I test the hypothesis that a connection exists between the brain's reward and mimicry systems and that this reward-mimicry link is dysfunctional in individuals diagnosed with ASC. In addressing the first question, this thesis integrates findings from two techniques; electromyography (chapter 3) and fMRI (chapter 4 and 5). Furthermore, a meta-analysis of previous imaging studies explores whether overlap exists between the neural correlates reported III fMRI studies of reward and empathy (chapter 2). The results described in chapters 3, 4, and 5 confirm the hypothesis of a reward-mimicry link in the general population, whilst the meta-analysis indicates that the link might extend beyond mimicry to other components of empathy. In addressing the second question, the autism quotient (AQ) was used to measure autistic traits in participants in the EMG and fMRI studies. In each case there was evidence that the reward-mimicry link was weaker in individuals with high autistic traits compared to those with low autistic traits. In the final study (chapter 6) EMG was used to examine the reward mimicry link in individuals diagnosed with ASC. Partial evidence of a dysfunctional reward mimicry link was found in individuals diagnosed with ASC who possessed AQ scores at the extreme high end of the spectrum. However, based on the current evidence, the possibility that this finding resulted from a regionally specific deficit in the ASC mimicry system - and not from a deficit in the reward-mimicry link - cannot be ruled out.
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Galindo, Francisco Barcelo. "Psychophysiology of visual attention : electroencephalographic and electrodermal orienting to stimulus and task parameters." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.238884.
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Perry, John Christian 1971. "The psychophysiology of risk processing and decision making at a regional stock exchange." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/40319.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2007.This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
MIT Barker Engineering Library copy printed in leaves.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 209-215).
A longstanding controversy in philosophy is whether decision-making is governed by reason or emotion. I study the role of physiological responses in the decision-making process within the realm of financial markets, where both the environment and decisions-trades-are measurable. In an experiment performed on a regional stock exchange, my collaborators and I record six different types of physiological signals-skin conductance/galvanic skin response (SCR/GSR), blood volume pulse (BVP), electrocardiogram (ECG), electroencephalogram (EEG), electromyogram (EMG), and temperature (Temp)-of monetarily motivated professionals making high pressure decisions. From these signals I estimate underlying physiological features, such as heart rate, changes in body temperature, and amplitude of SCR, which are proxy for affect. Simultaneously, we record real-time market information which the specialists process and which serves as the basis for their decisions, as well as recording their decisions and outcomes. In a sample of eight market-makers, I find statistically significant differences in mean skin conductance response and cardiovascular variables during transient market events relative to no-market-event control intervals. In addition, I find a strong relationship between trading decisions and physiological responses. Using regression, I demonstrate that heart rate variability can statistically significantly improve predictions of trading decisions, although not by much.
by John Christian Perry.
Ph.D.
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Ashman, Sharon Beth. "Trajectories of maternal depression over seven years : relations with child psychophysiology and behavior /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/9039.
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Carr, Blaine Hart. "Emotional factors in mental and emotional stress-induced cardiac ischemia." Access restricted to users with UT Austin EID Full text (PDF) from UMI/Dissertation Abstracts International, 2001. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/fullcit?p3025002.
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Billot, Pierre-Edouard. "Perception olfactive et régulation émotionnelle : Approches psychophysique, psychophysiologique et par imagerie cérébrale." Thesis, Besançon, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BESA3019/document.
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Ces travaux ont pour but d'étudier des mécanismes centraux de l'olfaction, et la manière dont ils sont intégrés dans les processus de régulationémotionnelle. Les stratégies de distraction et de réévaluation ont fait l'objet de deux expériences distinctes en IRMf, dans lesquelles les sujets devaientdiminuer l'intensité d'émotions suscitées par des odeurs. Dans une troisième expérience, des données psychophysiques et psychophysiologiques ont étécollectées pour évaluer la capacité d'une odeur agréable à réguler un sentiment négatif préalablement induit par uneimage désagréable.Les résultats montrent que la régulation d'émotions induites par des odeurs mobilise des aires cérébrales décrites dans les études utilisant du matérielvisuel (cortex préfrontal, lobule pariétal inférieur, gyrus temporal moyen) mais aussi d'autres plus spécifiques à cette modalité sensorielle (insula, gyrusfusiforme, gyrus lingual). De plus, le cortex préfrontal semble moduler certaines aires du cortex olfactif comme le cortex piriforme et le cortexorbitofrontal lorsque les sujets utilisent une stratégie de distraction. Les données issues de la troisième expérience révèlent également qu'une odeuragréable permet de diminuer l'impact d'un affect négatif préalablement induit, tant au niveau subjectif que psychophysiologique.Par conséquent, il semble exister chez l'Homme une réelle capacité à la régulation des émotions induites par des odeurs. Ce processus met enjeu desrégions habituellement décrites pour la régulation d'émotions induites par des stimuli visuels, mais également d'autres aires plus spécifques.De plus, les odeurs elles-mêmes sont capables de réguler une émotion négativeThe research presentee in this thesis aimed to study neural mechanisms of olfaction, and the way they are integrated in emotion regulation processes. Distraction and reappraisal strategies were studied using fMRI in two separate experiments in which subjects had to decrease the intensity of emotions induced by odors. In a third experiment, psychophysical and psychophysiological data were collected to assess the ability of pleasant odors to down-regulate negative feelings induced by unpleasant pictures. The results show that the regulation of odor-triggered emotions recruits brain areas that are usually described in studies based on Visual stimulations (prefrontal cortex, inferior parietal lobule, middle temporal gyrus) but also others more specic to this sensory modality (insular cortex, fusiform gyrus, lingual gyrus). Moreover, the prefrontal cortex seems to modulate the activity within olfactory areas, such as the piriform and the orbitofrontal cortex when subjects use distraction. The data from the third experiment also reveal that a pleasant odor is able to decrease negative aects that have been previously induced by unpleasant pictures, both at subjective and psychophysiological level.Therefore, it appears that odor-triggered emotions can be down-regulated by both distraction and reappraisal strategies. This processinvolves brain regions usually recruited by the regulation of visual-triggered emotions, but also other areas more specic to theregulation of emotions elicited by odors. Moreover, odors themselves can regulate negative feelings
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Schalinski, Inga [Verfasser]. "Psychophysiology of the Defense Cascade and its Relation to Posttraumatic Stress Disorder / Inga Schalinski." Konstanz : Bibliothek der Universität Konstanz, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1033059951/34.
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Oum, Robert Edison. "Psychophysiological Responses to Disgust: Cardiovascular and Facial Muscle Patterns Associated with Different Functional Domains." Scholarly Repository, 2010. http://scholarlyrepository.miami.edu/oa_dissertations/502.
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This study examined the distinguishing physiological characteristics of the disgust reaction across different domains. According to an evolutionary analysis, disgust is a heterogeneous emotion with features that are specific to three distinct domains: pathogens, sex, and morality. Each domain is predicted to take as input information specific to the adaptive problem it evolved to solve and regulate behavior accordingly. The goal of the present study was to investigate whether there are any adaptive physiological differences associated with the disgust response across domains. Participants were asked to imagine acts that elicit pathogen, sexual, and moral disgust. It was hypothesized that there would be both quantitative and qualitative differences in the physiological reactions based on the appropriate functional outputs for the social (moral and sexual) and nonsocial (pathogen) domains. Individual differences in self-report ratings of disgust as well as the role of religiosity in regulating social disgust were also explored. Results showed significant differences in parasympathetic influences on the heart in response to the sexual stimuli but not to the other domains. Also, the self-report ratings showed that females were more sensitive than males to the sexual stimuli but not to pathogens or moral acts. These results lend further support to the dissociation between the functional domains of disgust. Correlations between levels of religiosity and both subjective ratings of fear towards pathogens and levator labii activation when viewing pathogen stimuli were found. This study provides preliminary evidence of dissociations between different domains of disgust and provides a methodological guideline which can help inform future studies of disgust. Implications of the current findings are discussed, as well as limitations of the current methodology and avenues for further exploration.
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Donaldson, Bruce William, and n/a. "The psychophysiological consequences of depressed mood-related cognitive responses." University of Otago. Department of Psychology, 2006. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20060831.114812.
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A substantial amount of research has investigated the psychophysiological profiles of various mood and emotional states; however, very little research has investigated individuals� mood responses from a psychophysiological perspective. As a result, little is known about the psychophysiological reactivity of individuals to various mood-related responses, or the ability of psychophysiological measures to differentiate between response styles. Furthermore, most investigations in the area of mood-related response styles have relied on participants self-report responses of their mood reactivity, which is considered to be susceptible to demand characteristics and response bias. Psychophysiological measures are thought to offer a unique and alternative measure of mood reactivity that can corroborate, or challenge self-report findings. They are considered to be less susceptible to demand effects than self-report, and can detect subtle changes in mood reactivity activity when an overt response is not apparent. In view of this, the primary objective of this thesis was to move beyond a reliance on subjective self-report measurements of mood reactivity, and to investigate the consequences of depressed mood-related cognitive response styles from a psychophysiological perspective. As part of this investigation, this thesis aims to address a number of theoretical and practical questions relating to the use of psychophysiological measures in mood research and clinical practice.
The research is divided into four studies, each one focusing on a particular aspect of the investigation.
The aim of Study 1 was to select and trial a laboratory-based mood induction procedure (MIP) and a self-report mood measure, with the intention of developing a reliable method of inducing and measuring depressed mood. Two film clips that contained either positive or negative affective content were presented to participants. Self-report responses on the Mood Scale confirmed that the negative film clip elicited a very unpleasant mood state with high emotional arousal, and that the positive film clip elicited a mildly pleasant mood state with low emotional arousal. The positive and negative Film Clip MIPs were then used in Studies 2 and 2a, to investigate participants� psychophysiological reactivity to induced mood.
The aim of Studies 2 and 2a was to identify a set of psychophysiological measures that would differentiate between participants� mood states. In Study 2, the positive and negative Film Clip MIPs, from Study 1, were again presented to participants. Corrugator supercilii facial EMG activity, zygomaticus major facial EMG activity, skin conductance activity (SCA), heart rate (plethysmograph, sphygmomanometer), systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and self-report ratings on the Mood Scale were recorded. Results confirmed that participant self-reported affective responses were similar to those reported in Study 1; however, mixed results were obtained in regards to individuals� psychophysiological responses to the MIPs. Facial EMG activity and heart rate (plethysmograph) were consistent with participants� self-reported mood, whereas, SCA and systolic blood pressure were inconsistent with participants� self-reported mood. Diastolic blood pressure and heart rate (sphygmomanometer) did not differentiate between the MIPs. As the results were somewhat contradictory to expectations, it was decided to further investigate the psychophysiology of induced mood in Study 2a, using a revised set of psychophysiological measures.
In Study 2a, the positive and negative Film Clip MIPs were again presented to participants. Corrugator supercilii facial EMG activity, zygomaticus major facial EMG activity, SCA, heart rate (ECG), and finger temperature, were recorded along with participants� Mood Scale ratings. It was found that facial EMG activity and SCA, paralleled participant self-report as expected, and were most responsive to participants� change in mood state. Heart rate (ECG) and finger temperature did not clearly differentiate between the induced mood states.
The aim of Study 3 was to conduct an experimental, laboratory-based investigation, into the psychophysiological and subjective mood consequences of two cognitive response styles: self-focused depressive rumination and external-focused distraction. As in the previous study, the negative Film Clip MIP and the Mood Scale were used to induce depressed mood and to measure participants� subjective mood state. Psychophysiological reactivity was recorded by measuring participants� corrugator supercilii facial EMG, zygomaticus major facial EMG, SCA, heart rate (sphygmomanometer), systolic blood pressure, and diastolic blood pressure. Trait response style was measured using the Response Style Questionnaire (RSQ; Nolen-Hoeksema & Morrow, 1991) and social desirability was measured using the Marlowe Crowne-Social Desirability Scale (MC-SDS; Crowne & Marlowe, 1960). As predicted by the Response Style Theory of depression (RST), increased self-reported negative mood was found when participants responded to the induced depressed mood, using a self-focused depressive rumination response style, rather than an external-focused distraction response style. Psychophysiological activity increased over the course of the negative Film Clip MIP for all psychophysiological measures, however, only corrugator supercilii facial EMG activity clearly differentiated between the cognitive response styles, in a way predicted by individuals� self-report responses. There was no evidence of a relationship between participants� trait response style and their psychophysiological reactivity or mood responses during the experiment. However, individuals high in trait rumination reported greater depressive symptomatology, and less mood reactivity during the experiment, than those high in trait distraction. Furthermore, participants� ratings of social desirability were positively associated with their level of depressive symptomatology and trait rumination.
The aim of Study 4 was to conduct a pilot study to investigate the psychophysiological consequences of two further cognitive response styles: negative automatic thoughts and positive autobiographical recall. A series of twelve single-case (ABC-ABC) experiments were carried out using a procedure analogous to a clinical therapy process. Initially a depressed Story MIP was used to induce a depressed mood in participants (A). Participants were then required to respond to their depressed mood using negative self-statements (B), and positive autobiographical recall (C). Consistent with previous studies, zygomaticus major facial EMG and corrugator supercilii facial EMG clearly paralleled participants� mood reactivity throughout the experiment, whereas SCA and heart rate showed less consistent patterns of reactivity.
This thesis has made an important contribution to mood and psychophysiological research by presenting the first in-depth investigation into the psychophysiological consequences of how people respond to depressed mood, from both a theoretical and a clinical perspective. It is anticipated that the findings of this research will bring about further investigation into the comparative efficacy of various brief mood-related cognitive intervention techniques, which will ultimately assist scientist-practitioners in selecting suitable brief cognitive intervention techniques for helping clients ameliorate their negative mood, emotional, and cognitive states.
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Kirkland, Benjamin Arthur Sr. "Perceived size as a function of contrast." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/29164.
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Crotogino, Jennifer. "Visual stress in migraine : subjective and psychophysiological responses to intense visual stimulation." Thesis, McGill University, 2002. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=38475.
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This dissertation assesses whether intense visual stimulation can act as a stressor to migraine sufferers between attacks, and whether subjective and psychophysiological reactions to these stimuli can clarify how migraine attacks may be triggered.The first study assessed thresholds of light-induced discomfort and pain in migraine sufferers and non-migrainous controls during a non-headache period. Two instruction sets were compared to assess whether information presented to participants would affect thresholds. The results showed that migraineurs had significantly lower thresholds for light-induced pain. However, this effect was most apparent in those who had heard the negatively biased instructions reinforcing the need to control contextual factors when assessing subjective phenomena such as visual discomfort.
The second study assessed subjective and psychophysiological responses of female migraine sufferers and female controls during exposure to visual stimuli incorporating spatial and temporal characteristics that are most likely to be bothersome to migraineurs. Two control stimuli were included to assess responses during similar, but theoretically less aversive conditions. Migraine sufferers had higher heart rate and more frequent electrodermal responses than controls at all points of the study, including baseline and recovery. However, while migraineurs reported higher anxiety during the intense conditions, and reported more visual and somatic complaints than controls during various viewing conditions, they did not show heart rate, heart rate variability or electrodermal changes that would suggest clear changes in autonomic function in response to aversive visual stimulation.
The third study assessed ambulatory electrocardiograms to investigate whether autonomic changes would be evident in the period leading up to, during or following a migraine. Three individuals were assessed on a day when they experienced a naturally occurring headache, and on a day when they were not. No obvious pattern of autonomic change was detected before or after headache, although there was some evidence that a pattern of increased heart rate and decreased vagal tone may accompany headache.
In summary, the results confirm that migraine sufferers are more sensitive to intense visual stimulation than controls, but do not support the contention that exposure results in widespread autonomic changes. Since interictal visual discomfort is a common in migraine, further research is needed to clarify how it can be incorporated into models of migraine pathophysiology.
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Williams, G. V. "Neurophysiological investigations of striatal function." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.376962.
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Lages, Martin. "Bias in visual discrimination and detection." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.298304.
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Baisden, Barbara Steines. "Psychophysiological subtypes of mild to moderate essential hypertension /." The Ohio State University, 1985. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487261553058223.
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