Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Psychopathology'
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Reynolds, Martina. "Intrusions and psychopathology." Thesis, Royal Holloway, University of London, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.267868.
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Pitchford, Ian. "Evolutionary developmental psychopathology." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.246994.
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Portala, Kamilla. "Psychopathology in Wilson's Disease." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Neuroscience, 2001. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-1535.
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Wilson's disease (WD), bepatolenticular degeneration, is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutations in the ATP7B gene, and is characterised by abnormal metabolism and deposition of copper in the liver, brain and other organs. The main aim of this thesis was to investigate the occurrence of psychopathology, as well as personality traits and neuropsychological function in Swedish patients with treated WD. The research subjects were 29 patients with confirmed WD, investigated at the Department of Internal Medicine at Uppsala University Hospital between 1996 and 2000.
The treated WD patients showed prominent psychopathology as determined by the Comprehensive Psychopathological Rating Scale. The spectrum of psychopathological symptoms is not typical of classic psychiatric syndromes, and includes symptoms from Anxiety, Depression and Obsessive-Compulsive disorders as well as Negative Symptoms. In self-assessment, the WD patients tended to underestimate the presence of psychopathological symptoms. The treated WD patients differed in their sleep pattern from the control group, as measured with the Uppsala Sleep Inventory. The spectrum of self-reported symptoms suggests an altered REM sleep function.
The treated WD patients had significant deviations in personality traits, especially in aggressivity-hostility related scales and Psychic anxiety, compared to healthy controls, as measured with the Karolinska Scales of Personality. The deviations were not related to age, age at onset or duration of WD. The treated WD patients displayed a specific profile of moderate neuropsychological impairment, as determined by the Automated Psychological Test battery. Finally, an attempt was made to search for, possible genotype-phenotype relationships in some ATP7B mutations.
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Portala, Kamilla 1961. "Psychopathology in Wilson's disease." Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis : Univ.-bibl. [distributör], 2001. http://publications.uu.se/theses/91-554-5167-5/.
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Greene, Eric Matthew. "Social sources of psychopathology." Thesis, Pacifica Graduate Institute, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3612303.
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The purpose of this study is to identify sources of psychopathology outside of the fundamental ideology of mainstream clinical psychology. Contemporary western clinical psychology has aligned itself with a fundamental ideology which maintains that pathogenesis is found in the individual and not in the social or political world. This paper will argue that psychology has become oppressive. The clinical application of this exposition will include a psychological interpretation of the collective Jewish narrative, thereby demonstrating the importance of identifying the source of psychopathology as originating in cultural and historical contexts, not simply within the person. The dissertation therefore encompasses individual and social psychology. The design used will be narrative. At this stage in the research, the collective Jewish narratives will be defined as the combined narratives of Jewish persons and Jewish history.
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Brown, Lucy Scott. "Attachment and adolescent psychopathology." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.299516.
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Farrington, Alice. "Dissociation and adolescent psychopathology." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.326578.
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Croft, Simone. "Maternal and child psychopathology." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2015. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/12417/.
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Evidence suggests that maternal depressed mood (MDM) and childhood emotional and behavioural disorders (EBDs) frequently co-occur. The aim of this thesis is to investigate the nature of how these psychopathologies develop together across childhood. This epidemiology study uses a large British birth cohort, the Millennium Cohort Study, which charts the development of over 19,000 families throughout the UK. Five subscales of child behaviour were assessed using the preschool Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) measured at age 3 and the standard school-age SDQ assessed at ages 5, 7, and 11. MDM was measured concurrently using the Kessler 6 scale. A prerequisite stage of analysis involved testing the psychometric invariance properties of the preschool SDQ (Chapter 2). The reliability and construct validity of this measure was established. Measurement invariance across time and predictive criterion validity were demonstrated across preschool to school-age developmental stages. The preschool SDQ was used in conjunction with the school-age SDQ and MDM scales to confirm reciprocity of mother and child behaviours across childhood in Chapter 3. Bidirectional effects were significant and positive across each assessment. The magnitude of effects did not differ by developmental stage, child gender or by agent (mother/child). In Chapter 4, features of change in mother and child behaviours were assessed. Using second order parallel process growth models, initial levels of MDM and all child behaviours were positively and significantly correlated indicating interrelatedness of maternal and child psychopathologies. Child externalizing behaviours at age 3 were significantly negatively correlated with change in MDM over time thus declines in MDM were lower for mothers of children high in externalizing behaviours. MDM at age 3 was significantly, positively correlated with change in peer problems, thus children of mothers with high levels of MDM at age 3 had slower declines in peer problems over time. Results from these studies confirm the interrelatedness of mother and child psychopathologies. Quantitative differences in the relationship between MDM and internalizing compared to MDM and externalizing problems emerged. The practical and clinical implications of these studies are discussed.
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Bitter, James Robert. "Adlerian Perspectives on Psychopathology." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2015. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/5238.
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Understanding the purpose and functional dynamics of those suffering with a clinical diagnosis is one of the first steps in conceptualizing effective interventions in psychotherapy. This bloc focuses on case conceptualization from diagnosis to treatment, using Adlerian principles to help re-direct clients toward the useful side of life. Working with anxiety, depression, trauma, and schizophrenia and delusional disorders is emphasised.
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Sellers, Ruth. "Mothers with recurrent depression : co-occurring psychopathology and parenting as risks for offspring psychopathology." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2012. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/46104/.
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Offspring of depressed mothers are at increased risk of developing a variety of psychopathologies. Risk factors and mechanisms for the development of these heterogeneous outcomes are poorly understood. Disruptions in the mother-child relationship may be one mechanism by which maternal depression increases risk for offspring psychopathology. Many adults with depression present with co-occurring psychopathology, but how these co-occurring problems affect offspring risk, or impact upon the mother-child relationship, has rarely been considered. Data were from the Early Prediction of Adolescent Depression study. Mothers with a history of recurrent major depressive disorder and their adolescent offspring were assessed three times between 2007 and 2011. Mothers completed questionnaires assessing their own depression severity and co-occurring psychopathology (anxiety, antisocial behaviour (ASB), and alcohol misuse). Offspring psychopathology (presence of psychiatric disorder, symptoms of depression, anxiety and disruptive behaviour disorder (DBD)) were assessed using the Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Assessment. The mother-child relationship was assessed using parent-rated questionnaires and an interviewer-rated speech sample. Co-occurring problems in mothers predicted new-onset psychiatric disorder in offspring; this remained significant after controlling for maternal depression severity. When investigating the specificity of risk for offspring, maternal co-occurring ASB was specifically associated with offspring DBD, whereas maternal depression severity predicted offspring depression. The mother-child relationship mediated the effect of maternal depression severity on risk for offspring psychopathology. However this was better accounted for by co-occurring maternal ASB, which predicted both maternal warmth and hostility. Maternal hostility was a specific risk factor for offspring DBD. Bidirectional effects were observed between offspring DBD and maternal hostility. Findings highlight the importance of assessing co-occurring psychopathology in mothers with recurrent depression when considering risk for offspring. Parenting interventions that reduce hostility may be beneficial for preventing or reducing adolescent DBD, particularly when depressed mothers report additional ASB. Furthermore, interventions that reduce offspring DBD may also show benefits for the mother-child relationship.
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White, Hannah J. "Family mealtimes and adolescent psychopathology." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2015. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/19610.
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This thesis examines aspects of adolescent family mealtimes and psychopathology among both non-clinical (adolescents and mothers of adolescents) and clinical (adolescents with anorexia nervosa (AN)) samples. It contains seven studies employing quantitative methodology, which address three broad aims. First, to examine relationships between aspects of family mealtimes and psychopathology among adolescents. Second, to examine links between family mealtime emotions and psychopathology among mothers of adolescents. Finally, to examine associations between specific parental mealtime interactions and adolescent outcomes during a therapeutic meal session for adolescents with AN. Self-report questionnaires were completed by non-clinical adolescents and mothers of adolescents to examine associations between characteristics of family mealtimes (mealtime environment, mealtime emotions and parental feeding practices) and eating psychopathology, anxiety and depression. In addition, observational analyses were conducted on recordings of the family meal session (session two) of Family-Based Treatment (FBT) for adolescent AN. Key findings from this research include: identifying a new factor structure for the Eating Disorders Examination Questionnaire when used in research with adolescents; developing a measure to assess mealtime emotions in both adolescents and their parents; and, identifying the feeding strategies used by parents of adolescents with AN during the family meal session of FBT. Overall, the findings reported on in this thesis suggest that family mealtimes may have an important protective role in adolescent psychopathology. In addition to providing frequent family mealtimes, families should be encouraged to concentrate on the positivity of the mealtime environment and emotional experience, which may help to promote psychological well-being, and lower levels of eating psychopathology among adolescents. In relation to family mealtimes within adolescent AN, the findings increase understanding of the types of mealtime strategies parents use with their adolescent child to encourage food consumption during the family meal session of FBT. Furthermore, the research findings highlight that certain strategies may be effective in promoting eating during the session and weight gain later on in treatment. Consequently, such findings might provide a focus for therapists when supporting and coaching parents during the family meal session.
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Carter, Stephen Peter. "The psychopathology of school violence." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp02/NQ29025.pdf.
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Hartman, Catharina Annette. "Changing concepts of child psychopathology." Amsterdam : Amsterdam : TT-Publicaties ; Universiteit van Amsterdam [Host], 2000. http://dare.uva.nl/document/81075.
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Sheldon, Lisa. "Dissociation, core beliefs, and psychopathology." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.299514.
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Bennett, R. "Shame and psychopathology in adolescence." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2004. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1446541/.
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Shame has been theorised to contribute to several areas of psychopathology that are particularly prominent in adolescence. However, it is an area that has received little attention in empirical research to date. In order to explore the role of shame in the development of adolescent psychological problems, a cross-sectional study was conducted which involved one hundred and sixty teenagers from an Inner London school. Data regarding psychological problems, current shame-proneness, and perception of parenting were collected via questionnaires. Adolescent psychological problems were shown to be associated with shame and no effect was found for age or gender. It was also found that shame, parental styles of overprotection and emotional unavailability, and psychological problems were all related in adolescence, similar to previous findings with adults, and that shame partially mediated the relationships of parenting styles and emotional problems. Furthermore, the independent effect of shame seemed to have a greater effect on psychological problems than did peer group difficulties, which may suggest that even through the 'rebellious' phase of adolescence, parenting style holds more importance psychologically, to the teenager, than peer relationships. The findings imply that feelings of shame may be a useful focus in therapy with teenagers and that preventative interventions aimed at altering parenting style could be implemented before the child reaches adolescence for a better effect.
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O'Dowd, S. A. "The interpersonal dimension of psychopathology." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002075.
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It is argued that two large groups of disorders can be distinguished in the field of psychopathology, (1) which divide between them the psychoses, neuroses and personality disorders; ( 2) the dynamics of which are those of Klein's paranoid-schizoid and depressive positions, respectively; and (3) which are distinguished by nine basic contrasts in symptomatology and dynamics, all of which are expressive of the opposition self-centred/other-centred. These three hypotheses form the interpersonal model of psychopathology, and are supported by argument from works of Foulds, Jung, Abraham, Fairbairn, Klein, Angyal, Winnicott and Heidegger. It is suggested that the interpersonal model can facilitate the dialogue between psychoanalysis and phenomenology
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Van, Leeuwen Nikki. "Aspects cognitifs, familiaux, culturels et sociaux-économiques des idéations et des comportements suicidaires chez les adolescents issus de l’immigration." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011TOU20124.
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Etude 1- Objectif: Explorer les contributions relatives des facteurs socioculturels et psychopathologiques aux idéations suicidaires dans un échantillon d’adolescents issus de l’immigration (N=292). Bien que les événements de vie négatifs, les symptômes dépressifs, et l'individualisme sont des facteurs de risque, et l'attachement aux parents un facteur de protection chez les garçons et les filles, des différences de genre sont observées. Les traits limites (facteur de risque), l'assimilation et la marginalisation (les deux facteurs de protection) étaient des prédicteurs significatifs de l’idéation suicidaire chez les filles uniquement.Etude 2- Objectif: Explorer les différences ethniques (717 Français vs. 251 issus de l’immigration) concernant les facteurs de risques et de protection associés à l’idéation suicidaire dans une population d’adolescents. Les garçons issus de l’immigration rapportaient une sévérité d’idéation suicidaire plus importante que les garçons Français alors que les filles issues de l’immigration rapportaient une moyenne plus élevée à l’échelle de l’idéation suicidaire que leurs pairs Françaises. Des différences ethniques sont apparus significatives pour l’âge chez les garçons et pour les cognitions délinquantogènes, les traits limites et l’anxiété sociale chez les filles. Etude 3- Objectif : Explorer l’idéation suicidaire et les symptômes dépressifs en France par des analyses centrées sur les variables et sur les personnes dans un échantillon d’adolescents issus de l’immigration. La marginalisation prédisait significativement les idéations suicidaires alors que la discrimination perçue prédisait les symptômes dépressifs. Quatre classes latentes ont émergés de l’analyse : « Séparés-Intégrés », « Intégrés », « Indifférenciés » et « Individualisés ». Des différences significatives sont apparues entre les quatre profils culturels pour l’identité ethnique, la discrimination perçue et le stress acculturatif. En revanche, bien que la prévalence de l’idéation suicidaire et des symptômes dépressifs était élevée dans l’échantillon total et dans les profils culturels, aucune différence significative n’est apparue. Etude 4- Objectif : Identifier les aspects cognitifs et comportementaux qui sous-tendent les conduites suicidaires de 15 jeunes issus de l’immigration. Le suicide représente « un moyen de se libérer de la contrainte à simuler une identité » et « une reprise du contrôle ». Les dissonances culturelles, les distorsions cognitives, les cognitions identitaires favorisent l’émergence de comportements autodestructeurs et de stratégies de coping. Les aspects cognitifs et comportementaux, sous-tendus par des éléments culturels contradictoires, amènent ces adolescents à anticiper un possible rejet, qui susciterait une angoisse d’abandonStudy 1- Aim: Explore the contributions of sociocultural and psychopathological factors to suicidal ideation among of 292 adolescents with an immigrant background. Although stressful life events, depressive symptoms, and individualism were risk factors, and attachment to parents a protective factor for both boys and girls, some gender differences emerged. Borderline traits (risk factor), assimilation and marginalization (both protective factors) were significant predictors only among girls.Study 2- Aim: Explore ethnic differences (717 French vs. 251 with an immigrant background) regarding risk and protective factors associated to suicidal ideation among adolescents. The frequency of serious suicidal ideation was higher among the ethnic minority males group compared to the French males group. The mean of suicidal ideation however was higher among the ethnic minority group of females. Ethnic differences were observed regarding the age among males in the prediction of suicidal ideation and self-serving cognitive distortions, borderline traits, and social anxiety among females. Study 3- Aim: Examine suicidal ideation and depressive symptoms in France, both across variables and across persons in a non-clinical sample of adolescents with an immigrant background. Marginalization significantly predicted suicidal ideation whereas perceived discrimination significantly predicted depressive symptoms. Four latent classes emerged from analysis—“Separated-Integrated”, “Integrated”, “Undifferentiated” (characterized by adolescents who were not associated with any of the acculturation categories), and the “Individualized-Assimilated”. Significant differences appeared between the four classes for the indices of ethnic identity, perceived discrimination, and acculturative stress. Prevalence and mean score of suicidal ideation and depressive symptoms were high among both the sample and the four acculturative profiles; however no differences between the four classes emerged.Study 4- Aim: Identify cognitive and behavioral aspects which underline suicidal ideation and attempts of 15 adolescents with an immigrant background. Suicide represents “a way to release itself from the constraint to feign an identity”, and to “regain control”. Cultural dissonance, cognitive distortions, identity cognitions emphasize the emergence of self-destructive behaviors and coping strategies. These cognitive and behavioral aspects, underlined by contradictory cultural elements, lead these adolescents to anticipate a possible rejection, which may cause a fear of abandonment
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Bayramoglu, Ali. "Self-compassion In Relation To Psychopathology." Phd thesis, METU, 2011. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12613940/index.pdf.
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The aim of this thesis was to examine the concept of self-compassion in relation to psychopathology with mediating effects of experiential avoidance and metacognition in a Turkish university student sample. Self-Compassion which is a recently formulated promising concept in western psychology consists of three components: self-kindness, common humanity and mindfulness. In addition to self-compassion, recent psychological concepts of cognitive (metacognition) and behavioral (experiential avoidance) perspectives were investigated through models. In this thesis, the negative relationship between self-compassion and psychopathology (depression and anxiety) with mediating effects of experiential avoidance and metacognition was tested. Prior to main analyses, psychometric properties of the scales measuring self-compassion and experiential avoidance were tested. Then, three different models were tested with structural equation modeling (SEM). In these analyses, the proposed full mediation models were compared to empirically alternative models. Self-compassion was found to be significantly and negatively related to both depression, and anxiety. In the first model experiential avoidance fully mediated the relationship between self-compassion and psychopathology. Moreover, metacognitive factors and metacognition as a whole concept mediated the relation between self-compassion and psychopathology. However, they were not as powerful as experiential avoidance. Results of this thesis supported the literature about empowering effect of self-compassion against psychopathology. Furthermore, relationships were mediated by concepts of both modern cognitive and behavior therapies. However, self-compassion, as a fundamental element of psychotherapy, was the focus of this thesis. Findings of the study were discussed in the context of the relevant literature.
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Haslam, Michelle. "Interpersonal functioning and eating-related psychopathology." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2011. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/10196.
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Maladaptive interpersonal functioning is considered typical of eating disorders. The present thesis aimed to add to existing knowledge of interpersonal functioning in the eating disorders in terms of both symptomatology and treatment. In Study 1, relationships were found between eating disorder attitudes and several types of poor interpersonal functioning. These associations were present when controlling for depression and anxiety. Study 2 found that generalised interpersonal problems were more likely to be reported by women with bulimic disorders than comparison women, apart from problems with being too open, which were more likely to be reported by comparison women. In Study 3, individuals with self identified eating disorders were found to have poorer problem solving skills in specific interpersonal situations than healthy controls, generating less means to solve the problem, with these means being significantly less effective and less specific than those generated by healthy controls. In Study 4, the experience of an invalidating childhood environment was explored as a potential predictor of adult interpersonal problems in the eating disorders. Viewing the expression of emotions as a sign of weakness was a mediator of the relationship between having a more invalidating mother and adult eating concern in a nonclinical population. In Study 5, the interpersonal experiences of patients with bulimic disorders are explored using qualitative methodology. They report a range of problems characterised by social avoidance, social anxiety, non-assertiveness, and a difficulty with being genuine in relationships. In Study 6, patients reported their experiences of interpersonal psychotherapy for bulimic disorders. In general, they experienced the therapy as positive and beneficial. They express that it helped them address a range of interpersonal problems, and reduced but did not cure their eating disordered behaviours. Patients liked that therapy focused on both interpersonal relationships and eating. In Study 7, interpersonal psychotherapists discussed their perceptions of the modified therapy. They identified several factors as being related to outcome, such as the existence or willingness to build a support network, motivation to change, a clear interpersonal problem identified in the patient, level of depression, duration of the eating disorder and keeping therapy focused on the interpersonal. Results of these studies suggest that those with higher levels of eating disorder related attitudes and behaviours often have significant problems with interpersonal functioning. This thesis supports the use of interpersonal psychotherapy as a viable treatment approach to the eating disorders. It also supports the use of the modified version of the therapy, which addresses eating as well as interpersonal functioning.
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Binsale, Laura. "Self-concept clarity, trauma and psychopathology." Thesis, Lancaster University, 2017. http://eprints.lancs.ac.uk/87370/.
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Self-concept clarity (SCC) is defined as the “extent to which the contents of an individual's self-concept (e.g., perceived personal attributes) are clearly and confidently defined, internally consistent, and temporally stable” (Campbell et al., 1996, p.141). SCC is becoming an increasingly researched topic in relation to the onset and development of psychopathology. To date, there had been no systematic review addressing associations between SCC and psychopathology. Thus, Chapter 1 of the thesis aims to systematically identify, appraise and synthesise all available peer reviewed literature, which explored an association between SCC and psychopathology. The review includes twenty-two papers, which report on 29 individual studies, all of which explore a quantifiable relationship between SCC and psychopathology. Strong evidence was found to support an association between SCC and psychopathology in both clinical and non-clinical populations. The empirical paper is reported in Chapter 2. This explores the relationship between adverse childhood experiences, SCC and psychopathology. Participants were allocated to one of three groups: psychosis (presence of psychotic experiences), anxiety/depression (moderate-severe levels of anxiety and/or depression) or control (no psychotic experiences and mild levels of anxiety/depression). Analyses revealed that participants in the psychosis and anxiety/depression groups reported significantly higher incidences of adverse childhood experiences compared to the control. Lower levels of SCC were associated with higher levels of depressive and anxious symptoms, congruent with the findings from the literature review. Levels of SCC did not significantly differ across the three groups. The intricacy of SCC as a construct and its complex association with psychopathology was apparent throughout the process. In an attempt to conceptualise this relationship Chapter 3, the critical appraisal, discusses the similarities and differences between SCC and theoretically related concepts. Further clinical implications are discussed and identified limitations of the current research are considered citing recommendations for future research.
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Berrios, Germán, and Diez José M. Olivares. "Descriptive Psychopathology: Qualitative and quantitative issues." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2013. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/100866.
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This paper deals with some of the issues that affect the understanding and functioning of descriptive psychopathology (DP). The latter remains the language of description in psychiatry and the basis for her nosological constructs. DP makes assumptions concerning the nature of its object and its underlying causes (i.e. makes use of the medical model). DP needs historical, clinical and numerical recalibration. It is suggested that in some cases, and against traditional psychometric principles, some instruments will have to be constructed that show flexibility and can be varied according to the descriptive needs presented by individual cases.En el presente artículo se discuten algunos aspectos que afectan a la comprensión y al funcionamiento de la psicopatología descriptiva (PD), la cual proporciona un lenguaje descriptivo a la psiquiatría y las bases para sus constructos nosológicos. La PD formula postulados sobre la naturaleza de su objeto de estudio y sus causas subyacentes (haciendo uso del modelo médico). Se propone que la PD necesita una recalibración histórica, clínica y numérica. En relación a esto, se sugiere que en algunos casos, en contra de los principios psicométricos tradicionales, ciertos instrumentos deberán ser construidos de un modo flexible que permita que varíen de acuerdo a las necesidades descriptivas que presenten casos individuales.
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Pierce, Laura Katharine. "Parent psychopathology and adolescent externalizing behavior." Diss., Connect to online resource - MSU authorized users, 2007.
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Hoffmann, Ferdinand. "Emotional egocentricity in development and psychopathology." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Lebenswissenschaftliche Fakultät, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/17381.
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Egozentrizität stellt ein weitverbreitetes Phänomen unter Menschen dar, besonders unter Kindern und Menschen mit psychischen Störungen. Bisher wurde Egozentrizität in der kognitiven Domäne untersucht, wie zum Beispiel während Theory of Mind (ToM) Fragestellungen und nur wenige Untersuchungen haben sich bisher mit emotionaler Egozentrizität während der Empathie befasst. Um emotionalen Mechanismen der Egozentrizität besser zu verstehen präsentiert die vorliegende Dissertation drei Studien zur Untersuchung von emotionaler Egozentrizität bei Kindern und in der Psychopathologie des Autismus und der Depression. Studie 1 zielte darauf ab die grundlegenden Mechanismen der erhöhten emotionalen Egozentrizität bei Kindern zu untersuchen und zeigte, dass diese durch die schlechte Konfliktverarbeitung von Kindern vermittelt wurde. In Studie 2 zeigten autistische Patienten eine normale emotionale Egozentrizität, aber bekannte Defizite in ToM. Diese Verhaltensdaten wurden durch eine funktionale resting-state Konnektivitätsanalyse in einer separaten Stichprobe ergänzt. Autistische Patienten zeigten eine intakte Konnektivität vom rechten supramarginalen Gyrus aus, einer Gehirnregion, welche in Verbindung gebracht wurde mit der Überwindung von emotionaler Egozentrizität. Studie 3 schließlich untersuchte emotionale Egozentrizität in der Depression und deren Zusammenhang mit Alexithymie und zeigte eine vergrößerte emotionale Egozentrizität in Patienten, unabhängig von Alexithymie. Allerdings verringerte Alexithymie die emotionale Egozentrizität bei Patienten und Kontrollen. Zusammenfassend erweitern die in der Dissertation präsentierten Studien den Erkenntnistand zu den Ursachen von emotionaler Egozentrizität in der Kindheit und liefern weitere Befunde für eine genauere Charakterisierung der sozio-kognitiven Defizite im Autismus und in der Depression.Egocentricity has been described as a pervasive phenomenon among humans, with a particularly strong manifestation among children and individuals with psychopathologies. Traditionally egocentricity has been investigated nearly exclusively in the cognitive domain, such as for example during Theory of Mind (ToM) reasoning, but little work has so far focused on egocentricity in the affective domain during empathy. This dissertation presents three studies that investigated emotional egocentricity in child development and adult psychopathology, as in Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). Explicitly, study 1 aimed at elucidating the underlying mechanisms of increased emotional egocentricity in children, showing that increased emotional egocentricity in children was mediated by children’s poorer ability in conflict processing. Findings of study 2 showed that ASD patients exhibited normal emotional egocentricity, while showing known impairments in ToM. These behavioral findings were buttressed by an additional resting-state functional connectivity analysis in a separate sample of ASD patients and healthy controls. Results showed intact functional connectivity in ASD patients from right supramarginal gyrus, a brain region linked to overcoming emotional egocentricity. Findings of study 3 showed that MDD patients were prone to increased emotional egocentricity, independently of alexithymia. Alexithymia however decreased emotional egocentricity. In sum the studies in this dissertation represent a further step in advancing the knowledge about the underlying mechanisms of increased emotional egocentricity in child development and further help specifying the nature of socio-cognitive deficits portrayed in ASD and MDD.
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Salander, Katarina. "Early life stress and psychopathology : The effects of early life stress on brain development: Implications for psychopathology." Thesis, University of Skövde, School of Humanities and Informatics, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-3475.
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Several studies have shown that children who grow up under adverse care giving conditions are prone to develop a broad spectrum of different problems, ranging from mild depression to severe psychosomatic pathology later in life. A carefully treated child develops a different attachment strategy and biochemical response than a maltreated child. Early adverse events seem to program the stress response to become either over or under reactive which in turn have the potential to alter brain development. Major consequences include reduced plasticity and abnormal frontal lobe activity. This review further investigates the emotional and cognitive development in children exposed to early life abuse or neglect, trying to get a comprehensive picture of different symptoms that might contribute to later psychopathology.
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Jordan-Arthur, Brittany. "Equifinality and Multifinality in Psychopathology: Can Cognitive and Emotional Processes Differentiate Internalizing, Externalizing, and Co-Occurring Psychopathology." Scholar Commons, 2015. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/5711.
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Despite our knowledge of environmental risk factors for psychopathology, the equifinality and multifinality observed in the extant literature reveals how little is known about the role of these risk factors in the development of psychopathology. The purpose of this study was to identify processes that differentiate internalizing, externalizing and co-occurring psychopathology. Specifically, emotion identification skill and cognitive appraisal style were examined as processes where individual differences may contribute to the development of mental illness. To date no study has been conducted to examine whether emotion identification and appraisal style may differentiate forms of internalizing, externalizing and co-occurring psychopathology and lack of clinically significant problems in one study. A better understanding of predictors or processes that differentiate forms of psychopathology may improve our understanding of developmental psychopathology as well as inform prevention and intervention efforts. One hundred and fifty eight participants were included in this study. Data supported emotion identification skill as important for predicting specific behavioral problem profiles. Implications for conceptualizations of psychopathology and directions for future studies are discussed.
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Inticher, Binkowski Gabriel. "« Je deviens une autre personne » : conversion religieuse, psychopathologie et re-création biographique dans l’Évangélisme : Autour d’une psychopathologie du fait religieux." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCD030/document.
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Cette recherche investigue d’un point de vue clinique le processus d’adhésion à la religion protestante évangélique (plus spécialement sa version pentecôtiste). En France, ce fait religieux gagne de l’ampleur et se développe depuis peu chez des populations issues de la migration. Historiquement, l’évangélisme s’installe dans des milieux défavorisés socialement et se montre assez polymorphique, s’adaptant aux singularités culturelles et subjectives des groupes. C’est un phénomène transculturel qui s’appuie sur des notions chrétiennes comme la conversion et les dons du Saint-Esprit (glossolalie, prophétie, guérison avec les mains, etc.). Afin d’étudier le travail psychique impliqué, nous avons discuté avec les sciences sociales, lesquelles s’inquiètent dès leur fondation des phénomènes religieux et de leurs composants psychologiques. L’exploration de la bibliographie sur la réforme protestante et l’évangélisme nous signale l’importance de la conversion, les formules « naître de nouveau » ou « devenir une autre personne » étant souvent répétées par les évangéliques. Cette conversion est envisagée par nous comme une technique religieuse de re-création biographique. Suivant notre disposition clinique psychanalytique, les problématiques dessinées s’accompagnent de lectures de la psychopathologie et de la psychanalyse sur la religion et la religiosité : le jalon fondamental étant que l’objet religieux s’ancre dans les fondations de la vie psychique. À partir d’entretiens cliniques avec des sujets convertis (certains ayant fait recours à des soins psychosociaux), nous explorons leur activité discursive et narrative avec les théories et méthodes issues de la narrativité et de la phénoménologie herméneutique. Nous concluons sur la pertinence de penser à une psychopathologie du fait religieux : il s’agit d’une disposition éthique et épistémologique du clinicien et du besoin d’hospitalité de cet objet religieux, ceci étant présent dans le pathos et dans le travail de chaque sujet sur soi dans le langageThis research investigates, from a clinical perspective, the processes of adhesion to evangelical Protestant religions (that of Pentecostal Christians in particular). In France, this religious fact is growing and developing among immigrant populations. Historically, Evangelicalism installs itself in socially disadvantaged backgrounds and shows the polymorphic and adaptive capacity to espouse cultural singularities and accord itself to the subjectivity processes of different groups. It’s a transcultural phenomenon that relies on Christian notions such as conversion and gifts of the Holy Spirit (glossolalia, prophecy, cure with the hands, etc.). In order to study the psychic work involved in adhesion to evangelical Protestantism, we first consider the social sciences, which since their foundation have explored religious phenomenon and their psychological components. The bibliographical exploration about the Protestant Reformation and Evangelism underlines the importance of conversion, to which expressions such as “born again” or “become another person” are frequently repeated by evangelicals. We consider conversion as a religious technique of biographical re-creation. Then, from a psychodynamic (psychoanalytical) standpoint, we review psychopathology and psychoanalytic literature in their views of religion and religiosity: the fundamental milestone is that the religious object is anchored in the foundations of the psychic life. We have interviewed converted persons (some of them had been treated by psychosocial professionals) so as to analyze their narratives and discursive activities with methods and theories from hermeneutic phenomenology and narrative psychology. We conclude our discussion by addressing the relevance of reflecting about the psychopathology of the religious fact, which we identify as an ethical and epistemological disposition for the clinician. Concurrently, this research suggests a need for more hospitality towards this religious object, which is present in the pathos and in the psychic work of the construction of the “self” in language
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Crittenden, Kia B. Herbert James D. "Comparison of beliefs and attitudes toward internalizing disorders relative to externalizing disorders in children and adolescents /." Philadelphia, Pa. : Drexel University, 2004. http://dspace.library.drexel.edu/handle/1860/454.
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Sharpe, Emma. "Attention, emotion processing and eating-related psychopathology." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2016. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/21487.
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The work within this thesis examined aspects of emotion processing among non-clinical females who varied in levels of eating-related psychopathology. Five studies employed a quantitative approach in order to assess potential deficits in both the control and experience of emotion. To examine the experience of emotion, Studies 1, 2 and 3 assessed the attentional processing of emotional stimuli in those with high and low levels of eating-related psychopathology. In Studies 1 and 2, specific components of attention bias including orientation, disengagement and avoidance were assessed in order to explore their role in contributing to disordered eating behaviour. Findings from these studies did not reveal any differences in attentional orienting between those with high and low levels of eating-related psychopathology. However, when primed with happy faces, those with high levels of disordered eating were significantly quicker than those with low levels to disengage from threat-relevant words. This finding could be interpreted in terms of emotional arousal with happy facial displays providing a protective function against subsequently presented stimuli. With regards to emotional avoidance, those with higher levels of eating-related psychopathology were more likely to avoid emotional displays relative to those with lower levels. In fact, a higher drive to achieve thinness was shown to predict a greater avoidance of both angry and happy facial expressions. Interestingly, depression, anxiety and alexithymia were all shown to impact upon attentional processing. In Study 3, the efficacy of attention training in reducing attentional biases towards threat in women with varying levels of disordered eating was examined. Importantly, a single session of attention training was found to be successful in modifying previously observed attentional biases towards threat. However, eating-related psychopathology was shown to have only a partial influence on participants attention processing. These findings suggest that the success of attention training may be independent of disordered eating. To examine the control of emotion within a non-clinical population, Study 4 utilised self-report questionnaires to explore associations between deficits in emotional functioning and severity of eating-related psychopathology. The data obtained from this questionnaire-based investigation are reported in a series of three short studies. Specifically, Study 4.1 of this chapter examined the relationship between difficulties in the regulation of emotion within eating-related psychopathology. Furthermore, Studies 4.2 and 4.3 set out to explore some of the factors which may influence emotion processing, such as pessimistic attitudes regarding emotional expression. Across all studies, the role of depression, anxiety and alexithymia as potential confounding factors was considered. Findings revealed a significant relationship between eating-related psychopathology and difficulties regulating emotion. Dysfunctional or negative attitudes towards the expression of emotion were also linked to a greater number of eating disorder-related concerns and behaviours. However, many of the associations between eating-related psychopathology and impaired emotional functioning were no longer apparent when depression, anxiety and alexithymia had been statistically accounted for. These findings not only support previous research, but highlight the importance of mood and alexithymia in contributing to the emotional deficits observed. Finally, Study 5 aimed to explore the potential consequences of inadequate emotion processing within eating-related psychopathology. Self-report measures were utilised to assess the frequency of eating-related intrusive thoughts in those with high levels of eating-related psychopathology. As predicted, those with greater levels of disordered eating reported experiencing a higher frequency of thoughts or intrusions relating to eating. This may point towards a failure to successfully process emotional experience in this group. Taken together, this body of work enhances the current understanding of the role of emotion processing in contributing to both the onset and maintenance of disordered eating. These findings also emphasise the key role of mood and alexithymia in influencing the relationship between emotional functioning and eating-related psychopathology. Therefore further research examining emotion processing within disordered eating must acknowledge the potential contribution of depression, anxiety and alexithymia. Furthermore, the present findings provide clear support for the development of a model of cognitive-emotion processing within eating-related psychopathology. The implications of these findings for both eating disorder treatment and prevention are discussed. Possible directions for future research are also identified.
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Crowther-Green, Ross S. "The role of autobiographical memory in psychopathology." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.412216.
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Sundbom, Elisabet. "Borderline psychopathology and the defense mechanism test." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för psykologi, 1992. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-100698.
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The main purpose of the present studies has been to develop the Defense Mechanism Test (DM1) for clinical assessment of severe psychopathology with the focus on the concept of Borderline Personality Organization (BPO) according to Kemberg. By relating the DMT and the Structural Interview to each other, the concurrent validity of the concept of Personality Organization (PO) for psychiatric inpatients has been investigated. Two different assessment approaches have been used for this purpose. One has been to take a theoretical perspective as the starting-point for the classification of PO by means of the DMT. The other has been a purely empirical approach designed to discern natural and discriminating patterns of DMT distortions for different diagnostic groups. A dialogue is also in progress between DMT and current research on the Rorschach test in order to increase understanding of borderline phenomena and pathology. The overall results support Kemberg's idea that borderline patients are characterized by specific intrapsychic constellations different from those of both psychotic and neurotic patients. Both the DMT and the Structural Interview provide reliable and consistent judgements of PO. Patients with the syndrome diagnosis Borderline Personality Disorder exhibit different perceptual distortions from patients suffering from other personality disorders. The classic borderline theory is a one-dimensional developmental model, where BPO constitutes a stable intermediate form between neurosis and psychosis. The present results suggest that a two-dimensional model might be more powerful. Hence, the level of self- and object representations and reality orientation might be considered both from a developmental gad an affective perspective across varying forms of pathology. Kemberg suggests that borderline and psychotic patients share a common defensive constellation, centered around splitting, organizing self- and object representations. This view did not find support. The defensive pattem of the BPO patients is significantly different from the PPO defensive pattern. The BPO patients form their self- and object images affectively and thus the self- and object representations would seem to influence the defensive organization and not the other way around. The results have implications for the procedure and the interpretation of the DMT e.g. one and the same DMT picture can discern different kinds of personality; reactions other than the operationalized defense categories in the DMT manual can be valid predictors of PO; some of the DMT defenses described in the manual have to be reconceptualized such as isolation, repression and to some degree denial. Multivariate models are powerful tools for the integration of reactions to DMT into diagnostic patterns.Diss. (sammanfattning) Umeå : Umeå universitet, 1992, härtill 4 uppsatser.
digitalisering@umu
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Allen, Micah G. "Linguistic correlates of psychopathology in autobiographical narrative." Honors in the Major Thesis, University of Central Florida, 2008. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETH/id/1056.
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This item is only available in print in the UCF Libraries. If this is your Honors Thesis, you can help us make it available online for use by researchers around the world by following the instructions on the distribution consent form at http://library.ucf.edu/Systems/DigitalInitiatives/DigitalCollections/InternetDistributionConsentAgreementForm.pdf You may also contact the project coordinator, Kerri Bottorff, at kerri.bottorff@ucf.edu for more information.Bachelors
Sciences
Psychology
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Chesters, Matthew Howell Jones. "Cognitive indices of psychopathology in eating disorders." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.264355.
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Webster, Paula. "Emotion regulation and eating psychopathology in women." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2010. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/1431/.
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The research comprises a literature review and an empirical study. The literature review evaluated the efficacy of third wave cognitive and behavioural interventions for eating disorders. The review indicated that there was some promising initial support for these approaches in the treatment of eating related difficulties. However, further research in this area, using more stringent methodology, is required in order to confirm the efficacy of these approaches for eating disorders. The empirical study aimed to examine whether women experiencing eating psychopathology report difficulties in regulating emotions and whether these difficulties contribute to eating psychopathology. Forty-eight women with eating related difficulties and a non-clinical comparison group completed questionnaire measures of eating behaviour, affect and emotion regulation difficulties. Higher levels of emotion regulation difficulties were reported by the women with eating difficulties. In the comparison group, lack of emotional awareness predicted variation in eating psychopathology. In the clinical group, impulse control difficulties predicted variation in eating psychopathology. The results revealed differences in the nature of emotion regulation difficulties that impacted on eating psychopathology between clinical and non-clinical samples. Further research investigating the relationship between emotion regulation and eating psychopathology and the possible mediating effect of anxiety within clinical populations is indicated.
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Bean, Jacqueline. "Psychopathology and dysfunctional beliefs in battered women." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/52421.
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Thesis (MA)--University of Stellenbosch, 2001.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This study investigated the incidence of depression, post-traumatic stress symptomatology, anger and guilt in a shelter sample of 40 battered women. In addition, the presence of dysfunctional, evaluative beliefs, as viewed from a Rational-emotive perspective, was investigated, as well as the relationship between dysfunctional beliefs and symptoms of psychopathology. Participants completed the Beck Depression Inventory, Post-traumatic Stress Diagnostic Scale, Anger Diagnostic Scale, Trauma Related Guilt Inventory and Survey of Personal Beliefs. It was found that 63% of the participants showed moderate to severe levels of depression, while 59% manifested high post-traumatic stress symptomatology. Between 38% and 50% experienced problems with anger whilst 48.5% showed moderate guilt. In general, these symptoms did not correlate with the age of participants or with the duration or frequency of abuse, except for anger which was related to a history of childhood sexual and/or physical abuse. The results of the Survey of Personal Beliefs indicated that the group displayed Otherand Self-directed Demands, Awfulizing, Low Frustration-tolerance and Negative Selfworth. Only Low Frustration-tolerance (underestimation of coping skills) correlated significantly with levels of depression, anger and guilt.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie studie het die insidensie van depressie, post-traumatiese stressimptome, woede en skuldgevoelens in 'n groep van 40 vroulike slagoffers van gesinsgeweld, wat die huweliksverhouding verlaat het en in 'n skuiling vir mishandelde vroue opgeneem is, ondersoek. Die disfunksionele, evaluerende kognisies, soos deur die Rasioneel-emotiewe gedragsterapie gepostuleer, asook die korrelasie tussen hierdie kognisies en die simptome van psigopatologie, is ook ondersoek. Deelnemers het die Beck Depression Inventory, Post-traumatic Stress Diagnostic Scale, Anger Diagnostic Scale, Trauma-Related Guilt Inventory en Survey of Personal Beliefs voltooi. Die resultate het aangedui dat 63% van die deelnemers matige tot ernstige vlakke van depressie getoon het, terwyl hoë post-traumatiese stressimptomatologie by 59% voorgekom het. Tussen 38% en 50% het probleme met woede getoon, terwyl matige skuldgevoelens by 48.5% voorgekom het. Oor die algemeen het hierdie simptome nie verband getoon met die ouderdom van deelnemers of met die duur of frekwensie van die mishandeling nie, behalwe die vlak van woede wat 'n verband getoon het met 'n geskiedenis van kindermolestering. Tellings op die Survey of Personal Beliefs het aangedui dat die groep die disfunksionele, evaluerende kognisies van Self- en Ander-gerigte Eise, Katastrofering, Lae Frustrasie - toleransie en Negatiewe Selfwaarde getoon het. Slegs Lae Frustrasie-toleransie (onderskatting van hanteringsvaardighede) het beduidend met vlak van depressie, woede en skuldgevoelens gekorreleer.
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Chasouris, Antonios. "Developmental psychopathology in children with Williams syndrome." Thesis, University of South Wales, 2008. https://pure.southwales.ac.uk/en/studentthesis/developmental-psychopathology-in-children-with-williams-syndrome(ab574729-939a-45b6-8507-58cb3d050d7e).html.
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Williams syndrome (WS) is a genetic disorder that results in a wide variety of impairments, involving most of the areas of development. Although significant variability has been found among children with Williams syndrome in terms of the phenotype, the idea of a typical WS profile is still predominant in the literature. However, the clinically observed widespread differences have caused clinicians to often speak about partial deletions, atypical deletions or inconclusive cases. In addition, some researchers have put forward the notion that the size of the deleted area might have an influence in both quantitative and qualitative aspects of the phenotypical characteristics. This thesis explores the differences in cognitive ability and attainment of developmental milestones in children with WS. Four experimental studies have been conducted involving a total number of 74 children between the ages of few months to the age of 18 years. Study 1 investigated the effect of deletion size in the cognitive ability of WS children, as this was measured by 4 different IQ tests. Study 2 examined the effect of deletion size in the attainment of developmental milestones, Study 3 examined the longitudinal course of IQ in children with WS and Study 4 examined a clinically observed de novo phenomenon of a strong leftward bias affecting attention and short term visuospatial memory. Studies 1 and 2 demonstrated an effect of deletion size on the cognitive abilities of children with WS. The greater the deletion size in the 7qll.23 area, the lower the performance on measures of cognitive ability and the longer and more problematic the attainment of developmental milestones. Study 3 indicated that there is a significant increase in the IQ scores of children with the typical deletion. The IQ scores remain however to the mild/moderate retardation - low average area of the IQ scale. Study 4 examined and tried to offer explanatory ideas in a de novo clinically observed phenomenon of a leftward bias affecting attention and visuospatial short term memory. Children with WS encountered great difficulty in detecting and remembering the position of items presented to the right side of a presentation matrix. These findings suggest that deletion size has an influence on both performance on measures of cognitive ability and attainment of developmental milestones, the cognitive ability of children with WS significantly improves with advance of chronological age and that there is a leftwards bias affecting attention and short term visuospatial memory.
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Conley, Sara J. "Inner Monologue: Relationship to Personality and Psychopathology." Otterbein University Distinction Theses / OhioLINK, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=otbndist1620462072270782.
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Witwer, Andrea N. "Psychopathology in Youngsters with Autism Spectrum Disorders." The Ohio State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1243561855.
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Griffiths, Cara Veronica. "Moral Psychology, Dual-Process Theory, and Psychopathology." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1564526866237073.
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Kritiotis, Lia Costas. "Depressive disorders and chronic comorbid disease states: a pharmacoepidemiological evaluation." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/653.
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The treatment of Depressive Disorders in patients with chronic comorbid disease states warrants careful consideration of the risk-benefit ratio pertaining to the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic characteristics of the antidepressant being considered, against the physiological susceptibilities of the patient; potential drug-drug interactions and depressive symptoms. The primary aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between Depressive Disorders and the most frequently diagnosed chronic comorbid disease states in a depressed South African study population; and to comment on the appropriateness of antidepressants prescribed to these patients. This retrospective drug utilisation study consisted of two parts: the first part focused on the prevalence of the most frequently diagnosed chronic comorbidities in a depressed South African population (N = 21 171). The three most prevalent chronic comorbid disease states were Hypertension (52.87 percent), Lipid Disorders (20.40 percent) and Arthritis (16.70 percent). The second part of the study included an assessment of the antidepressants prescribed to depressed patients in 2004 (N = 6 150). Emphasis was placed on the suitability of antidepressants selected for depressed adult patients (18 years of age and older) with comorbid Hypertension, Lipid Disorders or Arthritis. SSRIs were prescribed most frequently to the depressed patients during 2004 (59.67 percent). SSRIs are the suggested first-line treatments for depressed patients with multiple chronic comorbid disease states. However, of the SSRIs, fluoxetine has the least favourable pharmacokinetic profile and was found to be the antidepressant prescribed most often. Amitriptyline, which was the TCA prescribed most frequently, produces the greatest degree of anticholinergic, sedative and hypotensive effects, relative to other agents in the same antidepressant class. Thus, it is not recommended as a first-line antidepressant, especially in depressed patients with comorbidities. This study identifies potential areas of intervention regarding antidepressant prescribing in depressed individuals with chronic comorbid disease states and offers recommendations to promote the selection of optimal, individualised drug treatment strategies for these patients.
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Kolosa, Irene Nokulunga. "Attitudes of Medical laboratory employees towards their work environment." Thesis, University of Zululand, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10530/1179.
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A dissertation submitted to the Faculty of Arts in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the Degree of Master of Research Psychology at the University of Zululand, South Africa, 2004.This study investigated the attitudes of the medical laboratory employees (MLE's) towards their work environment. The study determined from the employees whether variables of gender, age, qualifications and years of experience had influence on the attitudes of the MLE's towards their work environment. The sample was drawn from the State Pathology Laboratory in Umtata, Eastern Cape (under the O.R.Tambo District Council). It consisted of males and females with ages ranging from 20 to 64 years, qualifications ranging from standard 10 to B.Tech. Biomedical Technology and above, years of experience ranging from 1 year to 30 years. A structured questionnaire constructed according to a five-point scale, the Likert scale, was used to collect data from the subjects. The statistical technique used to test the hypotheses was the Cm-square. The results showed that the majority of MLE's held negative attitudes towards their work environment. The two sections of response categories reflected a weak relationship between the variables ofj gender, age, level of qualification and experience in the attitudes of the MLE's towards their work environment. Although not overwhelmingly demonstrated, there was a presumptive evidence that the work environment had an impact on the attitudes of the MLE's. There was an urgent need for improvement of certain service conditions in the medical laboratory to change the attitudes of the MLE's. Lack of fulfillment and inspiration could make the MLE's lose interest and abandon the profession as was confirmed by the informal interviews.
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Olaya, Guzmán Beatriz. "Children exposed to domestic violence: Assessment and psychopathology." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/5469.
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La exposición a violencia doméstica es un problema actual y complejo con consecuencias negativas en la salud mental de los niños. Objetivo: responder a las siguientes cuestiones sobre los efectos de la exposición a violencia doméstica en la salud mental de los niños: a) qué debe ser evaluado; b) qué tipo de psicopatología tienen los niños que acuden a centros de salud mental y han estado expuestos a violencia doméstica; c) qué características de la situación de violencia son más importantes a la hora de predecir psicopatología en los niños; y d) qué rol tienen los estilos parentales del padre y de la madre en situaciones de violencia doméstica. Método: se usó un diseño de cohortes retrospectivo; una cohorte estaba formada por madres que consultaban un centro público para mujeres maltratadas y sus hijos, y otra cohorte formada por mujeres no maltratadas y sus hijos. Se aplicaron entrevistas diagnósticas, cuestionarios y auto-registros completados por las madres y sus hijos con el objetivo de valorar el funcionamiento de los niños, psicopatología, variables individuales y familiares. El análisis estadístico incluyó regresiones logísticas, ANOVAs, modelos de ecuaciones estructurales, y ecuaciones generalizadas de estimación. Resultados: Se propone un protocolo de evaluación para niños expuestos a violencia doméstica. Niños que acuden a centros de salud mental y han estado expuestos a violencia doméstica muestran necesidades específicas diferentes a aquellos niños que acuden a consulta pero no han estado expuestos a ello, en relación a la psicopatología, el deterioro funcional, y variables familiares e individuales. Las diferentes características de la violencia doméstica, como el tipo de violencia sufrido por la madre, la proximidad del niño a esta violencia, o las características del agresor, afectan de manera diferencial en la psicopatología del niño y su funcionamiento. Los estilos educativos de la madre median en los efectos de la violencia psicológica hacia la mujer en la psicopatología y funcionamiento del niño, mientras que los estilos educativos del padre no moderan este efecto. Conclusiones: Se deben llevar a cabo esfuerzos para detectar e intervenir en las situaciones de exposición a violencia doméstica para mejorar el bienestar de estos niños.Exposure to domestic violence is a current, complex concern with negative aftermath on the child's mental health. Aim: to answer the following questions about the effects that this exposure has on children's mental health: a) what should be assessed; b) what kind of psychopathology do outpatient exposed children have; c) which characteristics of the situation are more influential; and d) what is the role of parenting styles. Method: A retrospective cohort design was used; one cohort was formed by battered mothers attending to a special center for battered women and their children, and the other was formed by non-battered women and non-exposed children. Diagnostic interviews, self-reports and questionnaires were applied to mothers and children in order to assess child's functioning, psychopathology, individual and family variables. Logistic regression, ANOVAs, structural equation models, and generalized estimating equations were used for the statistical analysis. Results: An assessment schedule for children exposed to domestic violence is suggested. Outpatient children exposed to domestic violence had specific needs compared with non-exposed outpatients, regarding psychopathology, functional impairment, family and individual variables. Characteristics of the violence, as the type of violence against the mother or the child, the degree of involvement of the child, or the aggressor's characteristics, affected differentially on the child's psychopathology and functioning. Maternal parenting mediated the effects of psychological abuse against the mother on the child's wellbeing, whereas father's parenting did not moderate these effects. Conclusions: Efforts in order to detect and intervene in domestic violence situations should be made in order to improve the child's well-being.
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Edwards, Joseph Walter. "The relationship between expressed emotion and adolescent psychopathology." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1141052389.
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Beckley, Kerry. "Schemas in adolescents and their relationship to psychopathology." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.268649.
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Millikin, Colleen P. "Empirically derived psychopathology subgroups in traumatic brain injury." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/NQ62328.pdf.
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Marsh, Gretchen Moran. "The role of attachment to obesity and psychopathology." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/1062.
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Obesity and overweight have reached epidemic proportions in the United States (WHO, 1988). Despite the various treatment programs, the problem is getting worse, more people are becoming obese, and it is estimated that 90-95% of those who lose weight will regain it (Legro, 2000). Current treatment programs fail to take into consideration emotional variability within this population. The purpose of the present study was to examine the relationships between attachment, BMI, and psychopathology. Obese participants (N = 101) seeking treatment for weight loss completed 3 questionnaires: 1) Experiences in Close Relationships-Revised, 2) Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory-Ill, and 3)Questionnaire on Eating and Weight Patterns-Revised. Results indicated that attachment moderated the relationship between BMI and dysthymic symptoms, major depressive symptoms, and alcohol dependency symptoms. 'Secure'ly and 'Fearful'ly attached participants at high BMI were generally more distressed than 'Securely and 'Fearful'ly attached participants at low BMI. However, 78 avoidant and 'Preoccupied' participants at high BMI were generally less distressed than avoidant and 'Preoccupied' participants at low BMI. Such findings suggest that increases in BMI are associated with distress or lack of distress dependent on attachment classification. Assessment and treatment implications are elaborated.
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Sutherland, Alasdair G. "Post-traumatic psychopathology and recovery after musculoskeletal injury." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.247763.
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Introduction: Psychological disturbances after combat and major civil accident has long been recognised, but it has become clear that more "everyday" trauma such as road traffic accidents can lead to similar problems. Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is the extreme of a spectrum of Post-traumatic Psychopathology (PTP), is known to influence the Metabolic Response to Trauma (MRT), and may affect physical recovery after injury. This thesis details the results of a large study of accident victims, following their physical, physiological and psychological recovery. Methods: Cohort study of 200 patients aged 16-60 y with musculoskeltal injuries. The patients completed questionnaires that examined their psychological health (GHQ), and their physical and pyschosocial health (SIP, SF-36, MFA), and trauma scores were calculated. Assessments were made on admission (vice health before the accident), and were repeated at two and six months. A subgroup of 82 patients also gave blood samples at each of the follow up points, and these were analysed for pro-inflammatory markers of the MRT (CRP, IL-6, soluble IL-6 receptor, and TNF-a). Results: Follow up was 79% and 75% at two and six months for the main group, and 82% and 59% respectively for the Metabolic Markers subgroup. PTP was found in 11% of patients at initial assessment, 46% at two months and 22% at six months. It was strongly related to impaired physical and psychosocial functioning There were also associations between PTP and sIL-6r and TNF-a at six months. Injury Severity Score was predictive of PTP at two and six months. Discussion: There are strong associations between psychological and physical health after musculosketal trauma. Injury Severity Score is predictive of this psychological disturbance, which is also associated with disturbance of pro-inflammatory markers. Truly holistic care of patients who have suffered musculoskeletal trauma must include management of the psychological injury as well as the more obvious physical injuries.
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Matthews, Keith D. "Animal models of affective psychopathology : depression and reward." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.319857.
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One approach to the clinical problem of defining the neural substrates of human depressive disorders is to model discrete aspects of affective psychopathology in animals. Two major methodological problems have hindered the development of valid animals models of depression. First, individual responses to the manipulations commonly used to model depression are highly variable. Second, reliable and valid measures of hedonic state remain elusive. This thesis describes experimental work which addresses these methodological concerns. Selective breeding based on individual responses to cholinergic challenge has resulted in a putative genetic model of depression, the Flinders Sensitive Line hypercholinergic rat (FSL). An examination of the affective status of the FSL described in this thesis confirms that selective breeding can generate interesting behavioural and neurochemical phenomena, but does not support the FSL's validity as a model of anhedonia. Problems of measurement of hedonic responsivity are considered both in the description of a novel dependent measure derived from an operant food reward paradigm; and also in an evaluation of the reliability and validity of standard measurement techniques employed with the 'chronic unpredictable mild stress model' (CMS) of anhedonia. Initial validating studies suggest that the food reward paradigm may represent a useful method for assessment of affective state. Manipulation of environmental stimuli to induce CMS led to a partial replication of the target behavioural phenomena. However, the effects were not independent of metabolic consequences that seriously confound the interpretation of experiments employing this procedure. It is concluded that future advances in the development of valid models of depression will require a shift of emphasis towards combined manipulations of genetic predisposition and of specific critical environmental stimuli.
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Shuck, Victoria C. "Cognitive content and schema association in eating psychopathology." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.326775.
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Barrera, Alvaro. "Formal thought disorder in schizophrenia : psychopathology and neuropsychology." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.614864.
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Steeds, Lucy. "Tracing threshold events : across art, psychopathology and prehistory." Thesis, Goldsmiths College (University of London), 2012. http://research.gold.ac.uk/7040/.
Full textAbstract:
The starting point for this thesis is the juxtaposition of two works of art from the 1960s: Study for ‘Skin’ I, a print-drawing from 1962 by Jasper Johns, and the photograph Self-Portrait as a Fountain from 1966 by Bruce Nauman. Viewing these works in conjunction with Palaeolithic hand stencils, the marking of threshold events emerges as a theme. Resonant material is then assembled and studied: Surrealist texts and photography, or the use of photography, by André Breton, Claude Cahun and Man Ray; the medical theses of psychiatrists François Tosquelles and Jean Oury; and works on prehistoric art by Georges Bataille and André Leroi-Gourhan. The marking of threshold events at two nesting scales of analysis – the evolutionary emergence of the human species; and the psychotic onset of hallucination and delusion – is examined. Echoes are found to resound in a third register– in the neurological events that give rise to consciousness and dream experience. Consideration of the Johns drawing and Nauman photograph in these terms is proposed.