Academic literature on the topic 'Psychopathological traits'
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Journal articles on the topic "Psychopathological traits"
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Gonçalves-Pinho, M., and J. P. Ribeiro. "Erik Satie – a psychopathological approach." European Psychiatry 64, S1 (April 2021): S687. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2021.1821.
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IntroductionÉric Satie was a French classical music composer born in May of 1866. He composed several music pieces that did not fit the contemporaneous musical standard once he did not follow the orthodox rules of composition and harmonic expression.ObjectivesTo analyse Erik Satie personality traits and possible psychopathological findings.MethodsA narrative review was performed using Google Scholar database.ResultsHis music, as it occurs in most musical composers, was said to translate his own personality and state of mind at the time. He was described as an eccentric with multiple descriptions demonstrating unstable and explosive personality traits of pride, determination, perfectionism and a hatred for convention that would put him near a Cluster A type of personality.ConclusionsAlthough some authors conclude that Satie could be diagnosed with Asperger Syndrome I believe that his specificities represent more of personality traits than pathological findings.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
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Landazabal, Maite Garaigordobil. "Psychopathological Symptoms, Social Skills, and Personality Traits: A Study with Adolescents." Spanish Journal of Psychology 9, no. 2 (November 2006): 182–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1138741600006089.
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The purpose of this study is two-fold: (a) to study the concomitant relationships between psychopathological symptoms, cooperation, social skills, and other personality traits; and (b) to identify the predictive variables of psychopathological symptoms. The sample consists of 322 adolescents aged 14 to 17 years old. This study uses correlational methodology. In order to assess psychopathological symptoms, cooperation, social skills, and personality traits, the following scales are used: the Symptom Checklist (SCL-90-R; Derogatis, 1983), the Cooperativeness Scale (CS; Rigby, Cox, & Black, 1997), the MESSY social skills scale (Matson, Rotatori, & Helsel, 1983), and the TPT Personality Test (Corral, Pamos, Pereña, & Seisdedos, 2002). Pearson coefficients suggest that adolescents with many psychopathological symptoms have low levels of cooperative behaviors and social skills. They also score high in inappropriate assertiveness, impulsiveness, overconfidence, and jealousy-withdrawal and have low levels of emotional stability, sociability, and responsibility. Through multiple regression analyses, the following variables were identified as predictors of psychopathological symptoms: jealousy-withdrawal, low social integration, impulsiveness, and low self-concept. The role played by intervention programs promoting socio-emotional development to prevent psychopathological symptoms and enhance mental health is discussed.
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Castro Solano, Alejandro, and Alejandro César Cosentino. "The High Five Model: Associations of the high factors with complete mental well-being and academic adjustment in university students." Europe’s Journal of Psychology 15, no. 4 (December 19, 2019): 656–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.5964/ejop.v15i4.1759.
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Traditionally, models of positive personality traits have referred to moral characteristics. The High Five Model (HFM) is a factor model of individual positive traits based on an inductive psycho-lexical approach. Unlike other models, in the HFM the positive characteristics were freely determined by lay people, beyond any moral tones. The HFM comprises the following factors: erudition, peace, cheerfulness, honesty, and tenacity, known as “the high factors.” This model was shown to positively exceed the capacity of normal personality to predict emotional, social, and psychological well-being. Additionally, this model is negatively associated with non-transmissible diseases, psychopathological symptoms, and psychopathological personality traits. This study aimed to increase the validation of the HFM, by analyzing the relationships among this model and positive mental health, psychopathological symptoms, academic adjustment, and academic performance in university students. Another objective was to study the association between complete mental well-being (i.e., high well-being and low psychopathological symptomatology) and the high factors of the HFM. The sample consisted of 256 university students. Correlations were calculated, and the two-step cluster analysis was used to obtain profiles. The results showed that tenacity and erudition high factors are positively associated with academic achievement and academic adjustment. Finally, each of the high factors was positively associated with complete mental well-being. The HFM has a broad scope, as it is related not only to psychological variables (e.g., well-being or psychopathological symptomatology) but also to academic performance (e.g., adjustment and achievement) in university students.
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Ahmed, NaglaaA, TaghreedM El Shafie, and SherihanM Abd Alhalim. "Effect of eating and psychopathological traits in psoriatic patients." Al-Azhar Assiut Medical Journal 17, no. 1 (2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/azmj.azmj_59_18.
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Garaigordobil, Maite, and Elena Bernarás. "Self-concept, Self-esteem, Personality Traits and Psychopathological Symptoms in Adolescents with and without Visual Impairment." Spanish journal of psychology 12, no. 1 (May 2009): 149–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1138741600001566.
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The purpose of this study was to analyze self-concept, self-esteem, and other personality traits and psychopathological symptoms in subjects with and without visual impairment. The sample was made up of 90 participants aged 12 to 17: 61 with no impairment and 29 with visual impairment. The ANOVA showed that there were no significant differences in self-concept and self-esteem in the samples, but the visually impaired adolescents scored significantly higher in various psychopathological symptoms as well as in their capacity for kind behavior. The ANOVA revealed no gender differences in any variables in adolescents without visual impairment. However, women with visual impairment scored lower in self-esteem and higher in various psychopathological symptoms. Pearson coefficients revealed negative relations between self-concept/self-esteem and all the psychopathological symptoms, and neuroticism, as well as a positive relation with extraversion. Low psychoticism, high extraversion, and low hostility were identified as predictors of high self-concept.
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Bandini, E., V. Ricca, A. D. Fisher, G. Corona, and M. Maggi. "Hysterical traits are not from the uterus but from the testis: A study in men with sexual dysfunction." European Psychiatry 26, S2 (March 2011): 1540. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(11)73244-8.
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IntroductionThe relationship between testosterone (T) and psychopathology in subjects with sexual dysfunction has not been completely clarified.Objectives and aimsTo evaluate the association between T levels and different psychopathological symptoms and traits in men seeking treatment for sexual dysfunction.MethodsA consecutive series of 2,042 heterosexual male patients consulting an outpatient clinic for sexual dysfunction was retrospectively studied. Several hormonal, biochemical, and instrumental parameters were investigated, including testis volume and penile blood flow. Patients were interviewed, prior to the beginning of any treatment, with the previously validated Structured Interview on Erectile Dysfunction (SIEDY), and ANDROTEST (a structured interview for the screening of hypogonadism in patients with sexual dysfunction). They also completed the Middlesex Hospital Questionnaire (MHQ) a brief self-reported questionnaire for the screening of the symptoms of mental disorders in non psychiatric setting.ResultsT levels showed a negative correlation with depressive and anxiety symptoms. Conversely, histrionic/hysterical traits were strongly and positively associated with elevated T. Men with histrionic/hysterical traits had higher androgenization, as suggested by higher total and free T, higher testis volume and a lower ANDROTEST score. They were also characterized by better self-reported sexual functioning and penile blood flow.ConclusionsIn men consulting for sexual dysfunction, histrionic/hysterical traits are associated with higher androgenization and better sexual functioning. Hysteria, previously considered as a typically feminine psychopathological trait, should now be considered as an index of better masculine sexual well-being.
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Duchman, Kyle, Brian Cohen, Brian Wolf, Julie Bishop, Keith Baumgarten, MOON Shoulder, Robert Brophy, Carolyn Hettrich, and Warren Dunn. "Paper 74: Psychopathology and Volitional Instability: Who should we be operating on?" Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine 10, no. 7_suppl5 (July 1, 2022): 2325967121S0063. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2325967121s00637.
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Objectives: There has been a hesitation by surgeons to operate on shoulder instability patients with maladaptive psychopathological traits, especially those with volitional instability, as these may portend a poor prognosis. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of maladaptive psychopathological traits, volitional instability, and their effect on two-year outcomes in patients undergoing shoulder stabilization surgery. Methods: A prospective multi-center cohort study led by the Multicenter Orthopaedic Outcomes Network (MOON) Shoulder Group targeted all subjects having surgical shoulder stabilization and collected patient-reported outcomes at baseline and at two years postoperatively. Psychopathological traits were assessed using the Personality Assessment Screener (PAS), a validated personality assessment tool. Longitudinal analyses were performed using multivariable regression models to determine predictors of two-year outcomes adjusting for confounders measured at index such as age, sex, smoking, BMI, volitional instability, and intraarticular pathology. Results: The cohort (n = 890) was 80% male with a median age of 21.5 years. The prevalence of psychopathological traits was 20%. While all patients improved between baseline and 2 years, with adjusted analyses, the presence of maladaptive psychological traits present at the time of index surgery were predictive of lower WOSI (p = 0.001), ASES (p = 0.016), SANE (p = 0.03), and SF-36 MCS (p = 0.001) scores as well as a higher risk of failure (p = 0.04) at two years. As a main effect, volitional instability was not a predictor of WOSI, ASES, SANE, SF-36 or failure at two years. However, all models allowed for the interaction between volitional instability and the PAS, and this interaction was significant for WOSI (p = 0.006), SANE (p = 0.03), and SF-36 MCS (p = 0.003) scores at two years. In other words, the effect of volitional instability on the WOSI, SANE, and SF-36 MCS scores depends on the value of the PAS, and with high PAS scores it is associated with worse outcomes. This data is depicted in Figures 1-3. Conclusions: While all patients improved, the presence of maladaptive psychopathological traits at the time of index surgery was a predictor of poorer outcomes at two years. Voluntary dislocators did similarly as non-voluntary dislocators up to a PAS score of ˜ 20, where above this they had worse WOSI, SANE, SF-36 MCS and higher failure rates at 2 years post-operatively. [Figure: see text][Figure: see text][Figure: see text]
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Kholmogorova, A. B., M. I. Subotich, M. P. Korkh, A. A. Rakhmanina, and M. S. Bykova. "Maladaptive Personality Traits and Psychopathological Symptoms in Individuals with the First Suicidal Attempt and with Chronic Suicidal Behavior." Консультативная психология и психотерапия 28, no. 1 (2020): 63–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/cpp.2020280105.
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The paper compares the severity of maladaptive personality traits and psychopathological symptoms in patients with primary and repeated suicide attempts. The study involved patients of the somatopsychiatric department of the Sklifosovsky Research Institute of Emergency Care (N=61), who committed the first suicide attempt (n=31) or a repeated attempt (n=30). The results of the study did not reveal differences between the two groups in the severity of symptoms of social anxiety, depression and trait anxiety. However, indicators of such maladaptive personality traits as perfectionism and hypersensitive narcissism were significantly higher in the group of patients with a repeated suicide attempt. This group also manifested higher rates of the severity of borderline personality disorder traits and significant correlations between measures of psychopathology and maladaptive personality traits listed above. Conclusion: timely diagnostics of maladaptive traits and psychotherapy targeting socially prescribed perfectionism, hypersensitive narcissism, and borderline personality features after the first suicide attempt is necessary to prevent repeated ones.
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Dell'Osso, Liliana, Primo Lorenzi, and Barbara Carpita. "Autistic Traits and Illness Trajectories." Clinical Practice & Epidemiology in Mental Health 15, no. 1 (August 30, 2019): 94–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1745017901915010094.
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In the framework of increasing attention towards autism-related conditions, a growing number of studies have recently investigated the prevalence and features of sub-threshold Autistic Traits (ATs) among adults. ATs span across the general population, being more pronounced in several clinical groups of patients affected by psychiatric disorders. Moreover, ATs seem to be associated with specific personality features in non-clinical population, implying both a higher vulnerability towards psychopathology and extraordinary talents in specific fields. In this framework, the DSM-5’s Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) presentations may be considered as the tip of an iceberg that features several possible clinical and non-clinical phenotypes. Globally, the autism spectrum may be considered as a trans-nosographic dimension, which may not only represent the starting point for the development of different psychopathological trajectories but also underlie non-psychopathological personality traits. These different trajectories might be shaped by the specific localization and severity of the neurodevelopmental alteration and by its interaction with the environment and lifetime events. In this wider framework, autistic-like neurodevelopmental alterations may be considered as a general vulnerability factor for different kinds of psychiatric disorders, but also the neurobiological basis for the development of extraordinary abilities, eventually underlying the concept of geniality. Moreover, according to recent literature, we hypothesize that ATs may also be involved in the functioning of human mind, featuring the peculiar sense of “otherness” which can be found, with different grades of intensity, in every human being.
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Gervasini, Guillermo, Inmaculada Gordillo, Angustias Garcia-Herraiz, Isalud Flores, Mercedes Jiménez, Melchora Monge, and Juan Antonio Carrillo. "Polymorphisms in Serotonergic Genes and Psychopathological Traits in Eating Disorders." Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology 32, no. 3 (June 2012): 426–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/jcp.0b013e3182539f2b.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Psychopathological traits"
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GADDA, STEFANIA MELISSA. "Coppie genitoriali e adolescenti anoressiche: studio delle dinamiche intrapsichiche e intrafamiliari." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/27135.
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During the last years the incidence of anorexia nervosa has been an incidence of 4-8 new cases every 100.000 people per year; it represents an important social and health problem. Epidemiological studies point out a preponderance rate of 0,5-3,7% in adolescent and early adult age (12-25 years old) among female population (20 to 1 compared to males) according to the American Psychiatric Association (APA, 2000). Anorexia nervosa is a psychiatric pathology with a complex pathogenesis (Onnis, 2004), in which several socio-cultural, individual and relational psychological factors, and in particular family ones, come into play. Literature shows a variety of theoretical models on the pathogenesis of anorexia nervosa. There is little attention on studying the influence of the quality of couple bonding and marital relationships and their correlation with the children’s eating disorders (Canals, 2009; Espina 2009).
The families of patients with eating disorders seem to be part of a "normality" (Laporte 2003), while a "pathology" in the couple dynamics, usually denied and ignored (Cook-Darsenz, 2005) can influence the development of children. The aim of the research project is to investigate
the possible influence of the quality of parental and marital relationships on development of Anorexia Nervosa and the possible correlations of couple dynamics with the psychopathology of children’s eating disorders .
The experimental group included 42 female gender patients, who entered for the first time our hospital division between 13 - 17 years (mean age 14,6 years old; SD=1,41) with diagnose of the different kinds of anorexia nervosa (subtypes according to DSM-IV-TR) and their parents.
The non clinical control group consisted of 42 healthy subjects (mean age 14,5 years old; SD=1.52) and their parents. At the first admission (T0) to the ward or Dh, all patients and parental couples underwent exploratory sessions to investigate different areas related to the relationship of the patient with food and her own body and to the quality of the relationship with her parents. The parents received exploratory sessions to investigate some aspects related to the parental quality and conjugal bond. In addition to this an operator administered to patients a blind test battery (EDI-III, CDI, BFQ-C and FACES), aimed at a clinical evaluation of symptoms and of personality characteristics and family dynamics; the parents were asked to separately fill out DAS, BDI II, BFQ-2 and FACES III, which assesses the dynamics and quality of marital and parental bond. Main factors from the test battery were depressive aspects of mother and father (BDI), the consensus, cohesion and affective expression received of mother (DAS) and friendship and conscientiousness of fathers (BFQ). At BDI scale the mothers appear to have psychopathological aspects relating to cognitive events while fathers seem to have more difficulties in the somatic-affective aspects. Couple dynamics seem to be characterized by an “anti-libidinal” relationship and sexual difficulties and a marked dissatisfaction (78,05%). The dissatisfaction is also associated with the total pathological score of the DAS. In 70,6% of cases the parents have psychopathological traits that affect their parenting skills. The marital relationship seem to link to other aspects of the history and personalities of each member of the couple (in particular aspects of depressive personality, an inability to share various family activities from their husbands and disagreement by the wife in areas such as religion, home management and time spent together with the partner and the difficulty of the couple to express their feelings).The sessions with parents seem important to assess the couple dynamics and the “normal” families. The clinical sample seems to describe a dysfunctional relationship characterized by a rigid and less cohesive, by a conflict of roles and requirements as a pathological defense against the growth of the couples and the daughter. These dynamics appear to have a pathological role in the development of children and to influence the quality of parental roles and the overall welfare of their partners.
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Mahr, Safia. "Traits de personnalité, événements de vie et troubles psychopathologiques associés à l’idéation suicidaire chez les étudiants de licence." Thesis, Paris 10, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA100022/document.
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Objectif. L’idéation suicidaire est la première étape dans la spirale infernale du comportement suicidaire. Pour mieux prévenir l’idéation suicidaire, le but de notre étude est d’investiguer ses prédicteurs chez des étudiants de licence : traits de personnalité, stress lié aux événements devie, troubles psychopathologiques, estime de soi, satisfaction de la vie et relations interpersonnelles.Méthode. L’étude s’est déroulée { l’Université Paris Ouest Nanterre la Défense entre 2008 et 2010, et nous avons recueilli les données auprès d’un échantillon de 855 étudiants (âge moyen de 23 ans, écart-type de 5,5 ans; H = 198, F = 657) provenant de plusieurs filières de licence, mais avec une forte surreprésentation de la filière de psychologie (n=614). Nous avons utilisé une batterie d’instruments pour mesurer les variables cibles.Résultats. Les résultats des analyses en pistes causales avec médiation montrent que seulementquelques variables prédictrices expliquent plus de la moitié de la variance de l’idéation suicidaire (52%). Les prédicteurs les plus efficaces en termes de significativité sont l’agréabilité (β entre -0,06 à -0,18), l’estime de soi (β entre -0,08 à -0,52), la présence de l’anxiété-l’insomnie (β entre 0,17 { 0,37), le dysfonctionnement social (β entre 0,09 { 0,23), le trait d’être renfermé (en retrait, introverti) (β entre 0,08 { 0,29), les troubles de pensée (β entre 0,16 { 0,40) et le comportement transgressif (β entre 0,14 { 0,31).Discussion. Malgré les limitations de notre étude, nous constatons qu’un petit nombre de prédicteurs expliquent une variance importante de l’idéation suicidaire et que les prédicteurs ne se comportent pas de façon identique pour les différents sous-groupes ; hommes/femmes, appartenance à la filière psychologie/autresObjective. Suicide ideation is the first stage that leads to the vicious circle of suicidal behaviours.Thus, the objective of our research is to investigate the association between suicide ideation andits predictor variables (personality traits, stress related to life events, psychopathological disorders, self esteem, satisfaction with life and interpersonal relationships) amongst undergraduate university students.Method. This study was conducted at the Université Paris Ouest Nanterre la Défence between2008 and 2010. We have collected data from a sample of 855 students (average age of 23 yearsand standard deviation of 5 years and 6 months; M = 198, F = 657) composed of different disciplines but with an overrepresentation of psychology undergraduates (n = 614 with an average age of 23 years; σ = 6). We used a battery of instruments to measure the variables of interest.Results. The results of path analysis show that only a few predictor variables explain more than half of the variance in suicidal ideation (52%). The most effective predictors in terms of significance are: agreeableness (β between -0.06 to -0.18), self-esteem (β between -0.08 to -0.52), comorbidity of anxiety-insomnia (β between 0.17 to 0.37), social dysfunction (β between 0.09 to 0.23), withdrawal (β between 0.08 to 0.29), thought disorders (schizophrenia) (β between 0.16 to 0.40) and rule breaking behaviour (β between 0.14 to 0.31). Discussion. In spite of the limitations of our study, we have found that a relatively small number of predictors explains a significant amount of variance in predicting suicidal ideation. Moreover, predictor variables are not identical for different subgroups
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Minelli, Marianna <1987>. "The Temperamental Trait of Behavioral Inhibition: Characteristics, Assessment and Psychopathological Risk in Preschool Age." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2017. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/8114/1/Minelli_Marianna_Tesi.pdf.
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The temperament trait of Behavioral Inhibition (BI) is characterized by child/infant fear and reticence in response to social and non-social novelty and it has been recognized as a risk factor for child and adolescent internalizing/anxiety problems. Although the interest in literature, some issues are still unsolved and Italian studies are lacking. The present research involved a sample of 60 Italian preschoolers, their mothers, fathers and 7 teachers. Child’s BI was assessed in 3 different moments (T1, T2, T3) across 2 school years. Study I aimed to explore the unitary or multidimensional nature of BI (i.e., social vs non-social components), the continuity of BI over time and its associated factors. Method: Lab-Tab (Goldsmith et al., 1999) for assessing child’s BI and Inhibitory Control (IC); PSWQ (Morani et al., 2009) for parent’s anxiety; BIQ (Bishop et al., 2003) for parent’s perceptions of BI; CRPR (Block, 1981) for parenting style. Results: BI emerged as a unitary construct, moderately stable over time, and child’s IC and maternal anxiety contributed in increasing BI from T1 to T3. Study II aimed to examine the concordance between the observational measures of BI and parent/teacher reports of BI and to investigate caregivers’ ability in recognizing inhibited children. Results: only teacher BIQ reports were significantly and moderately correlated with observed Lab-Tab BI at T1 and T2. Teachers recognized inhibited children more accurately than mothers and fathers. Study III aimed to investigate whether BI at T1 was a significant predictor across time of peer difficulties and internalizing problems. Results: BI represented a risk factor for anxious/depressed behaviors and withdrawal at T2 but not at T3. No significant effects were found for peer difficulties. Globally, our findings suggest that special attention should be addressed to early recognition of BI trait in order to promote child’s socio-emotional functioning and prevent psychopathological risk.
Books on the topic "Psychopathological traits"
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Conoscenti, Lauren Marie. Weaving a terrible dream: A web of personality and psychopathological traits associated with frequent nightmares. 2010.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Psychopathological traits"
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V. Kalinin, Vladimir, Kirill Y. Subbotin, Natalia G. Yermakova, Anna A. Zemlyanaya, and Lyudmila V. Sokolova. "The Role of Personal and Immune Variables in the Development of Co-Morbid Affective and Related Psychopathological Syndromes in Partial Epilepsies in Relation to Handedness." In Anxiety Disorders [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.95318.
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The current study was performed in order to find the influence of premorbid personality traits and immune variables on psychopathological constructs including affective and related syndromes in patients with epilepsy separately for right-handers and left-handers. Ninety two patients with epilepsy have been included into the study. There were 85 right-handers and 7 left-handers. Assessment of psychopathological status of patients has been performed by using of Symptom Check List −90 (SCL-90) and the Hamilton rating scales for Depression and Anxiety. The Munich Personality test (MPT) was used for the assessment of personality trait. The amounts of different lymphocytes clusters were calculated. The multiple stepwise regression analysis was used to find the relationships between personality, immunity variables and affective and related psychopathological syndromes separately for right-handers and left-handers.In the right-handers significant relationships between the Neuroticism level (MPT) and value of HAM-D, Depression construct (SCL-90), Anxiety (SCL-90), Obsessions (SCL-90) and Phobia construct (SCL-90) have been obtained. In the left-handers stochastically significant correlations between Regulatory Index (CD4/CD8) with Depression construct (SCL-90) and Obsession construct (SCL-90) were revealed. Premorbid personality traits determine the affective, anxiety, obsessive and phobia syndromes strictly in right-handed patients with epilepsy, while immunity variables (CD4/CD) quite the contrary predispose to affective and obsessive syndromes strictly in left-handed patients.
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V. Kalinin, Vladimir, Kirill Y. Subbotin, Natalia G. Yermakova, Anna A. Zemlyanaya, and Lyudmila V. Sokolova. "The Role of Personal and Immune Variables in the Development of Co-Morbid Affective and Related Psychopathological Syndromes in Partial Epilepsies in Relation to Handedness." In Anxiety Disorders - The New Achievements. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.95318.
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The current study was performed in order to find the influence of premorbid personality traits and immune variables on psychopathological constructs including affective and related syndromes in patients with epilepsy separately for right-handers and left-handers. Ninety two patients with epilepsy have been included into the study. There were 85 right-handers and 7 left-handers. Assessment of psychopathological status of patients has been performed by using of Symptom Check List −90 (SCL-90) and the Hamilton rating scales for Depression and Anxiety. The Munich Personality test (MPT) was used for the assessment of personality trait. The amounts of different lymphocytes clusters were calculated. The multiple stepwise regression analysis was used to find the relationships between personality, immunity variables and affective and related psychopathological syndromes separately for right-handers and left-handers.In the right-handers significant relationships between the Neuroticism level (MPT) and value of HAM-D, Depression construct (SCL-90), Anxiety (SCL-90), Obsessions (SCL-90) and Phobia construct (SCL-90) have been obtained. In the left-handers stochastically significant correlations between Regulatory Index (CD4/CD8) with Depression construct (SCL-90) and Obsession construct (SCL-90) were revealed. Premorbid personality traits determine the affective, anxiety, obsessive and phobia syndromes strictly in right-handed patients with epilepsy, while immunity variables (CD4/CD) quite the contrary predispose to affective and obsessive syndromes strictly in left-handed patients.
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Sarchiapone, Marco, and Miriam Iosue. "Suicide in prisons and remand centres." In Oxford Textbook of Suicidology and Suicide Prevention, edited by Danuta Wasserman and Camilla Wasserman, 227–32. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198834441.003.0027.
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Suicide is one of the most common causes of death in custodial settings worldwide, accounting for around 10% of prisoners’ deaths. Suicide attempts and suicidal ideation are also more common among prisoners compared to the general population. The high prevalence of suicidal behaviours among prisoners is likely the result of a complex interaction between individual vulnerability and the high level of stress and deprivation caused by the condition of confinement. Among prisoners and inmates, the prevalence of well-established suicide risk factors, such as a history of self-harm, psychopathological conditions, aggressive personality traits, and childhood trauma, is higher than in the general population. Moreover, the loss of freedom and autonomy, social isolation, lack of purposeful activity, and victimization are prison-specific stressors that showed to increase the suicide risk among inmates. Given this complexity, comprehensive multifactored prevention programmes involving the administrative, custodial, and clinical staff are the most effective in preventing suicide.
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Feinstein, Robert E. "Managing Patients with Personality Disorders in Medical Settings." In Personality Disorders, edited by Robert E. Feinstein, 179–212. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780197574393.003.0007.
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Working with patients who have personality styles or disorders in medical settings can be challenging. Patients who have a personality disorder or certain personality traits often have an unintentional ability to create problematic patient–physician or clinician–staff relationships. This chapter is designed to facilitate understanding and management of these difficult patients so that optimal medical care can be delivered. To assist psychiatrists, physicians, clinicians, and medical staff, this chapter presents a personality disorder schema. The schema was developed utilizing components of psychodynamic, cognitive behavioral, and problem-solving therapies. The schema can be used in multiple clinical settings including inpatient hospitals, outpatient medical clinics of all varieties, psychiatric services, and integrated mental health settings. The schema includes: making a diagnosis; understanding common clinician reactions or countertransferences experienced with the different personality styles or disorders; establishing the patient psychopathological level of functioning; identifying the patient belief system or worldview; empathizing and addressing the patient’s fears; identifying the specific coping styles and defenses utilized by the patient; anticipating the patient’s adherence to medical recommendations and likely medical utilization. Both global/general and specific intervention strategies for the medical management of each personality disorder or style are described.
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Pouncey, Claire. "Psychopathology without Nosology: The Research Domain Criteria Project as Normal Science." In Extraordinary Science and Psychiatry. The MIT Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/9780262035484.003.0005.
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Although the National Institute of Mental Health characterizes its Research Domain Criteria program as a “paradigm shift,” its change in emphasis from discrete mental disorders to psychophysiological constructs does not depart dramatically from prior research strategies. The RDoC program supports psychopathology research that utilizes newer, biologically-based investigational methods; avoids pre-existing conceptions of mental disorders; and provides insight into the full range of psychological functioning, from normal to pathological. However, it maintains the methodological rules of the existing psychopathological paradigm. This chapter traces the conceptual history of construct validity to show its consistency across disorder-based and construct-based approaches to the study of psychopathology. Because the RDoC research program is grounded in construct validity and aims to develop existing theory, it does not constitute a paradigm shift in the Kuhnian sense, but simply rejects mental disorders as scientifically legitimate constructs.
Conference papers on the topic "Psychopathological traits"
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Valero Solis, Susana. "Identification of phenotypes in video games addiction: a person-centered approach." In 22° Congreso de la Sociedad Española de Patología Dual (SEPD) 2020. SEPD, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.17579/sepd2020p093.
Full textAbstract:
Background and objectives. Video game addiction (VGA) is characterized by a pattern of impaired control gaming behavior, prioritizing gaming over other daily activities and responsibilities. The rapid increases of the VGA rates worldwide advice the urge of new studies focused on examining the existence of differences in the phenotype of patients treatment-seeking due the problematic video game use. Method. Sample comprised n=107 participants recruited at the Pathological Gambling Outpatients Unit of the Bellvitge University Hospital (Barcelona). Mean age was 24.1 yrs-old (SD=10). Most participants were men (91.6%), single (88.8%) and into mean-low to low social position indexes (84.1%). Two-step clustering analysis explored empirical latent groups based on a broad set of indicators, including sociodemographic, psychopathological state and personality traits. Results. Two exclusive groups emerged. Cluster 1 (labeled as moderate maladaptative functioning, n=72, 66.1%), was composed mainly by single, unemployed men, with the younger age of onset, the earlier onset of the video game problematic use, the shorter progression of the problems, better psychopathological state and more functional personality traits. Cluster 2 (labeled as severe maladaptative functioning, n=35, 32.7%), included a higher proportion of not-single and employed women, with an older age, a later onset and a longer duration of the video game related problems, worse psychopathological state and more dysfunctional personality profile. Conclusion. VGA is a heterogeneous group with regard to gambling phenotypes. The identification of the diverse latent classes provide empirical evidence contributing to the conceptualization of this behavioral addition, as well as for developing reliable and valid screening tools and effectiveness intervention plans focused on the precise characteristics of the patients.