Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Psychology of Vaccination Hesitancy'
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Ericsson, Julia, and Amanda Frändeland. "Tveksamhet till vaccination hos vuxna : En litteraturöversikt." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Akademin för hälsa och välfärd, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-42015.
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Bakgrund: Vacciner har under många år varit en av de största bidragande faktorerna till en god folkhälsa. När många invånare vaccinerar sig skyddas fler mot smittsamma virussjukdomar i samhället. En tveksamhet till vacciner finns trots det hos många människor. Syfte: Syftet var att undersöka orsaker till vaccinationstveksamhet hos vuxna. Metod: En allmän litteraturstudie genomfördes för att besvara syftet. Tre databaser användes för informationssökning. Innehållet i artiklarna granskades med stöd av kategorisering av åsikter i en tabell. Resultat: Resultatet för litteraturstudien består av fyra kvantitativa artiklar, fem kvalitativa samt en med mixad metod. Fyra kategorier påvisades: brist på kunskap, oro, rädsla och brist på tillit, brist på stöd och attityder och kulturella aspekter. I resultatet framkom ett flertal anledningar till att individer erhöll en tveksamhet till vaccin däribland bristande kunskap och rädsla. Slutsats: Mer forskning krävs för att identifiera åtgärder som sjuksköterskan kan använda sig av i mötet med patienter som är tveksamma till vaccin.Background: For many years, vaccines have been one of the major contributing factors to good public health. The fact that many people vaccinate provides protection against several viral diseases in society. Nevertheless, there are many people that have doubts about vaccines. Objective: The aim of the literature study was to investigate the causes of vaccination hesitancy with adults. Methods: A general literature study was conducted to answer the purpose. Three databases where used for information retrieval. The content of the articles was examined with the aid off categorization of opinions in a table. Results: The result of the literature study consists of four quantitative articles, five qualitative articles and one with a mixed method. The content of the articles was reviewed, and four categories were identified: lack of knowledge, concerns, fears and lack of trust, lack of support and attitudes and cultural aspects. In the results, there were a number of reasons why individuals hold a doubt towards vaccine, including lack of knowledge and fear. Conclusion: More research is needed to identify actions that the nurse can use when meeting patients with vaccine hesitancy.
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Rivera, Jocelyn Renee, and Jocelyn Renee Rivera. "Development and Evaluation of a Clinical Practice Guideline to Promote an Evidence-based Approach to Vaccine Hesitancy in Primary Care." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/626638.
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The purpose of this project is to develop a clinical practice guideline with recommendations for vaccination and vaccine hesitancy in the pediatric setting. Routine vaccinations are given to children at recommended ages to decrease the incidence of, and prevent infectious disease. These vaccinations prevent diseases such as rotavirus, diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus, hepatitis B, haemophilus influenza type B, pneumococcal disease, polio, influenza, measles, mumps, rubella, varicella and hepatitis A. There are currently no guidelines that combine evidence-based interventions to increase vaccination rates, the recommended vaccine schedule, specific information on each vaccination, its side effects, and ingredients of each vaccination.
By developing this guideline, it is hoped that pediatric providers will be able to effectively approach the caregivers of vaccine-aged children with evidence based information about vaccination, and be able to address specific concerns regarding vaccines. The available literature was formally evaluated using GRADEpro software. These results were put into the BRIDGE-Wiz (Building Recommendations in a Developer ’s Guideline Editor) software to create clear, concise, key action statements for the guideline.
There were five recommendations that were created based on the literature review which include assessing parental concerns regarding vaccination at each visit, educating parents on vaccination, each vaccine, at each visit and when concerns arise, recommending vaccinations during each visit and when the opportunity arises, recommending pre-scheduling vaccination appointments, and implementing a reminder/recall system when vaccinations are due or past due. There were also informational tables created for provider reference that include important information regarding vaccines. The first table includes each vaccination, the disease it prevents, and the risk of the disease vs the risk of the vaccination. The second table includes the vaccine ingredients that commonly cause concern, and information to address those concerns.
The guideline can be used in pediatric primary care to guide interventions to increase the uptake of vaccinations, and as a tool for providers to use while educating parents on specific vaccinations. The guideline was formally evaluated using the AGREE II tool by three experts in the field of pediatric primary care. All three of the reviewers stated that they would recommend the guideline for use in the pediatric setting.
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Kline, Jennifer. "Evaluating Parents' Decisions Regarding Recommended Childhood Vaccinations." Thesis, Walden University, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10838920.
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Vaccinations are among the greatest accomplishments of public health. However, many parents are choosing not to vaccinate. The purpose of this study was to explore the association between social media influence and parents’ decisions to vaccinate their children. The health belief model indicates that individuals’ likelihood of engaging in a health-related behavior is determined by their perceptions of susceptibility, severity, benefits, and barriers. The research questions addressed whether there is an association between parents’ perception of their children’s disease susceptibility and their decisions about vaccination, and whether there is an association between exposure to messaging from social media and parents’ decision to vaccinate. A quantitative, cross-sectional research design was used. The primary dependent variable was vaccination choices, and the primary independent variable was exposure to information about vaccination through social media. Data were gathered through a questionnaire administered to 269 White parents residing in Illinois with their own children between the ages of 0 and 18 years living with them. Binomial logistic regression showed that there was not a statistically significant relationship between parents’ perception of disease susceptibility and vaccination choice or between parents’ vaccination choice and exposure to online antivaccine advertisements. These study findings help in defining an overall picture of vaccine hesitancy in the United States. By focusing on the predictors of this behavior, it may be possible to implement interventions to combat the antivaccine movement with the goal of increasing vaccine compliance among parents.
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Mahajan, Rutuja. "Analyzing Public View towards Vaccination using Twitter." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1578379698895464.
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Lindström, Agnes, and Viktor Andersson. "Att vaccinera eller inte vaccinera sitt barn mot mässling-påssjuka-röda hund : Faktorer som påverkar föräldrars beslut - En systematisk litteraturöversikt." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för folkhälso- och vårdvetenskap, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-270901.
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Bakgrund: Vaccinationstäckning är ett av de viktigaste och mest kostnadseffektiva sättet att förbättra den globala folkhälsan. Trots det uppfattas vacciner som osäkert och onödigt av allt fler individer. Försämrad vaccinationstäckning påverkar flockimmuniteten med ökad risk för nya sjukdomsutbrott och epidemier. Syfte: Syftet var att undersöka och sammanställa den vetenskapliga litteraturen om vilka faktorer som påverkar vårdnadshavarnas beslut att vaccinera eller inte vaccinera sina barn mot mässling-påssjuka-röda hund (MPR). Metod: Systematisk litteraturöversikt där totalt tio vetenskapliga artiklar ligger till grund för resultatet. The Health Belief Model har använts som teoretisk utgångspunkt. Resultat: Flera faktorer var viktiga för föräldrars beslut om vaccination. Fem faktorer identifierades som påverkar föräldrar att inte vaccinera sina barn: att föredra naturlig immunisering, rädsla för biverkningar, rädsla för vaccinet, misstro till myndigheter och förebygga sjukdom genom livsstil. Fyra faktorer som påverkar föräldrar att låta vaccinera sina barn identifierades: att undvika sjukdom, värna om flockimmunitet, fördelar överväger nackdelar samt kunskap och information om sjukdomarna och vaccinet. I resultatet identifierades också ett bifynd, att låta barnets immunsystem mogna innan vaccination. Både föräldrar som vaccinerade och inte vaccinerade sina barn tyckte att det fanns för lite information om vaccinet och dess biverkningar. Slutsats: Flera faktorer påverkar föräldrars beslut om vaccination för sina barn mot MPR. Både föräldrar som vaccinerar och inte vaccinerar sina barn tycker informationen om vaccin och dess biverkningar är för knapphändig och svårtillgänglig. Det är viktigt som sjuksköterska att ha kunskap om vilka faktorer som påverkar föräldrars beslut för att kunna bemöta föräldrars oro och bistå med adekvat och evidensbaserad information.Background: Vaccination coverage is one of the most important and cost-effective ways to improve global health. Despite this more and more people feel uncertain about vaccinations. Impaired vaccination coverage affects the herd immunity and leads to an increased risk of disease outbreaks and epidemics. Aim: The aim of this study was to examine which factors influence parents’ decisions regarding vaccination of their children against measles-mumps-rubella (MMR). Method: A systematic review where the result is based on ten scientific articles. The Health Belief Model was used as theoretical framework. Results: Several factors were important for the decision to vaccinate or not. Five factors were identified among parents not vaccinating: to prefer natural immunization, fear of side effects, fear of the vaccine, mistrust in the authorities and prevent disease through lifestyle. While four factors were identified among parents vaccinating: to prevent disease, to protect the herd immunity, the advantages outweigh disadvantages, and knowledge and information about the disease and the vaccine. In addition, the finding, to let the child's immune system mature before vaccination was identified. Both parents who accept vaccination and parents who decline vaccination of their children considered the information about the vaccine inadequate. Conclusion: Several factors influence parents’ decision regarding vaccination of their children against MMR. Both parents who accept vaccination and parents who decline vaccination of their children consider the information about the vaccine and its side effects too scant and difficult to access. It's important that nurses have knowledge about factors that influence parents' decisions in order to respond to their concerns and provide appropriate and evidence-based information.
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Frylemo, Angelica, and Emelie Karlsson. "Aspekter som påverkar vårdnadshavares beslut om HPV-vaccination : En litteraturstudie." Thesis, Högskolan Väst, Avdelningen för omvårdnad - grundnivå, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hv:diva-16289.
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Background: Human papillomavirus (HPV) is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections in the world and there are over 100 different varieties. Several of the varieties can lead to cancer. Although there are vaccines available, the vaccine coverage varies in the providing countries. Aim: The aim of this study was to describe aspects that make guardians choose to refrain from giving their children HPV-vaccines. Method: This Literature study is based on nine qualitative articles published between 2010 and 2020 and the articles were found in Cinahl and PubMed. Results: Guardians who refrained from the HPV-vaccine to their adolescents mentioned varied aspects. Some guardians were concerned about side effects of the vaccine and others mention a lack of knowledge and information about HPV and the vaccine. Guardians expressed concerns about vaccinating against sexually transmitted infections with their adolescents. A varied confidence in health care staff was mentioned by the guardians and they sought information from more unreliable sources such as stories from friends and family or the internet. The fact that HPV-vaccine only was provided to girls, in many of the countries, was a reason for the guardian’s skepticism. Conclusion: The result showed that there are various aspects that make guardians refrain from HPV-vaccine. Some reasons are more common in certain countries. Today's society is multicultural, which leads to a need for more studies to be done from an international perspective. Being able to meet the guardian’s various needs for information about HPV-vaccine is essential to get a higher HPV-vaccine coverage in the world.
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Rummel, Ebba, and Klara Elverfors. "Föräldrars motiv för tveksamhet till vaccinationer av sina barn : En deskriptiv allmän litteraturstudie med utgångspunkt från kvalitativa studier." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för folkhälso- och vårdvetenskap, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-432468.
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Bakgrund: Vaccinationer räknas till sjukvårdens mest effektiva hälsoåtgärd och räddar cirka 1.5 miljoner liv årligen. Trots möjligheten att utnyttja vaccin väljer somliga att inte vaccineras. Detta fenomen kallas för vaccintveksamhet är ett av de tio största hoten mot den globala folkhälsan. Syfte: Syftet var att beskriva vilka motiv som leder till att föräldrar är tveksamma till att vaccinera sina barn. Metod: En allmän litteraturstudie med en deskriptiv design genomfördes. En litteratursökning utfördes i databaserna Cinal och Pubmed, vilket resulterade i elva kvalitativa studier som var relevanta för denna studies syfte. Travelbees omvårdnadsteori användes som teoretisk referensram. Resultat: Resultaten från artiklarna presenterades i 6 olika teman: oro gällande vaccinets säkerhet, misstro till myndigheter, påverkan av social miljö och normer, naturlig immunisering och sjukdomars allvarlighetsgrad och hälsosam livsstil. Föräldrar ifrågasatte vaccinets säkerhet och upplevde otillräcklig information från myndigheter. En del påverkades av samhällets normer. Somliga ansåg att en naturlig immunisering var att föredra och en del trodde att sjukdomarna var ofarliga. Vissa ansåg att en hälsosam livsstil gav ett tillräckligt skydd mot sjukdomarna. Slutsats: Föräldrarnas tveksamhet till att vaccinera sina barn grundas huvudsakligen i en ofullständig förståelse för vaccinets säkerhet och effektivitet. Många kände misstro till sjukvården och föredrog naturlig immunisering framför vaccinering. Den ofullständiga förståelsen bottnade i många fall i informationsbrist och resulterade i att föräldrar kände oro inför vaccin. Sjuksköterskan har en viktig roll i att inta god handlingsberedskap och att i vårdmötet säkerställa att föräldrarna ges förutsättningar att förstå nyttan och nödvändigheten med vaccin.Background: Vaccine is one of the most effective tools to prevent diseases and saves around 1,5 million lives yearly. Despite access to vaccines, some individuals choose to not vaccinate. This phenomenon known as vaccine hesitancy, is one of the ten biggest threats to global public health. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to describe the motives behind parents’ hesitancy to vaccinate their children. Method: A litterature study with a descriptive design was performed. A literature search was conducted using Cinahl and PubMed databases, leading to eleven qualitative studies relevant to the purpose of this study. Travelbee's nursing theory was used as a theoretical model. Results: The results from all articles are presented in six themes: Concerns regarding the vaccine’s safety, Distrust of authorities, Impact of social environment and norms, Natural immunization and disease severity and Healthy lifestyle. Parents questioned the safety of the vaccine and experienced lack of information from authorities. Some were influenced by norms of the society. Multiple parents considered that a natural immunization was preferable to the actual diseases. Several believed that a healthy lifestyle would provide enough protection against the diseases. Conclusion: Parents hesitancy to vaccinate their children are mainly based on an incomplete understanding of the vaccine's safety and effectiveness. The incomplete understanding was due to a lack of information which led parents to worry about the vaccine. The nurse has an important role in taking good action readiness and to ensure that parents are given the conditions to understand the benefit and necessity of the vaccine.
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Andersson, Henrietta, and Lovisa Larsson. "Strategier för att fler barn ska bli vaccinerade; en kvalitativ intervjustudie med sjuksköterskor inom barnhälsovård." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för folkhälso- och vårdvetenskap, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-386466.
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Background:Vaccinating children is cost effective and important for public health. In Sweden, the high vaccine coverage is reflected by the public trust in vaccinations. However, vaccine hesitancy is a growing challenge worldwide. According to the WHO, vaccine hesitancy is one of the top ten threats to public health in the world today. Registered nurses have a key role for vaccinations, especially in providing information to parents. Aim:The aim was to examine why some children do not get vaccinated at the child care center and what strategies registered nurses use when responding to parents that are opposed or hesitant towards vaccines. Method: Semi structured interviews was undertaken with 12 registered nurses experienced in discussing vaccine safety with parents. Data was analyzed with inductive content analysis. Results:The analysis resulted in six categories and 11 subcategories. Reasons for doubt or hesitancy to vaccines were that consequences of the diseases were forgotten, parents felt worried about how the vaccine affected the child, and lack of trust. Basic strategies that were used to address parents were based on evidence-based information. It enabled trust in the registered nurse and the vaccine that was offered. Conclusion:InSweden,the normis tovaccinatechildren,somethingthatshouldnotbetakenforgranted. Theregistered nursecanatanearlystageprovideevidence-based informationtoparentsatthe child care centersandtherebyprovideknowledgeofthevaccine's health-promotingbenefits.This canpreventdoubtsabout vaccinations andgetmorechildrenvaccinated.Bakgrund:Barnvaccinationer är kostnadseffektivt och har stor betydelse för folkhälsan. I Sverige är täckningsgraden hög och förtroendet för vaccin stort. Dock är tveksamhet till vaccin ett växande problem globalt. Enligt WHO är tveksamhet till vaccin ett av de tio största hoten för hälsa i världen idag. Sjuksköterskan har en nyckelroll i avseendet att vaccinera barn och ge information till föräldrar. Syfte:Syftet var att undersöka varför vissa barn inte blir vaccinerade på BVC, samt vad BHV-sjuksköterskor har för strategier att bemöta föräldrars motstånd eller tveksamhet till vaccin. Metod:Semistrukturerade intervjuer utfördes med 12 barnhälsovårdssjuksköterskor som hade erfarenhet av att bemöta föräldrar kring frågor om vaccin. Analysmetod var induktiv innehållsanalys. Resultat:Ur analysen framkom sex kategorier och 11 underkategorier. Anledningar till tveksamhet eller motstånd till vaccin var att konsekvenserna av sjukdomarna glömts bort, att föräldrarna kände oro för hur vaccinet påverkade barnet samt brist på förtroende. Grundstrategier som BHV-sjuksköterskorna använde för att bemöta föräldrarna utgick från god evidensbaserad information. Det möjliggjorde högt förtroende för sjuksköterskan och det vaccin som erbjöds. Slutsats:I Sverige är det norm att vaccinera barn, något som inte bör tas för givet. Sjuksköterskan kan i ett tidigt skede ge evidensbaserad information till samtliga föräldrar på BVC och därigenom ge kunskap om vaccinets hälsofrämjande fördelar. Det kan förebygga tveksamhet till vaccinationer och få fler barn att vaccineras.
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Karthigesu, Shantha Premila. "The perceived influence of grandparents’ beliefs and attitudes on parents’ breastfeeding behaviour and paediatric vaccination decisions." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2020. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/2165.
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Human infants are highly dependent on their parents for a prolonged period of time. The resources required to raise a child cannot be provided by biological parents alone and requires the assistance of others, usually relatives. Grandparents among them, have played the most significant role. With increased life expectancy in Western, educated, industrialised, rich and democratic (WEIRD) societies, grandparents have come to the forefront as informal childcare providers. Although the influence of a child’s social environment on health has been well-studied, the influence of grandparents, specifically in regard to breastfeeding remains inconclusive, while grandparental influence on paediatric vaccinations has not been investigated. Using an exploratory mixed-method research design this study investigated the perceived influence of grandparents on parents’ breastfeeding behaviour and paediatric vaccination uptake in Perth, Western Australia.
Focus group discussions were conducted to collect exploratory data on the beliefs, attitudes and perceived sources of influence on parents and grandparents towards breastfeeding and paediatric vaccines. Qualitative data was collected from Australian Aboriginal (N=15) and non-Aboriginal participants (N=73). Interpretative phenomenological data analysis revealed different themes for Aboriginal and non- Aboriginal participants. Although both groups reported positive beliefs and attitudes towards breastfeeding, Aboriginal grandmothers reported having a direct and positive influence on breastfeeding behaviour in young Aboriginal mothers. The influence of grandparents on non-Aboriginal parents’ breastfeeding behaviour was not always positive. The participants also shared positive beliefs and attitudes towards paediatric vaccines. Grandparents expressed full confidence in paediatric vaccines based on their memories of the diseases. Parents who had been vaccinated as children accepted immunisation as a normal part of child rearing. This data then informed the development of a questionnaire to quantitatively assess perceived grandparental influence.
Data from mothers, fathers, grandmothers and grandfathers (N=278) were analysed to test the effects of beliefs, attitudes and perceived sources of influence on breastfeeding behaviour and paediatric vaccine uptake. The study sample was typical of WEIRD societies and reported high levels of educational qualifications and income. Positive attitude scores did not have a significant effect on breastfeeding behaviour in parents or grandparents. This suggested the influence of external factors such as physiological challenges to breastfeeding, physical ecology of the mother and the attitudes towards formula feeding. Maternal grandmothers did report offering the most advice regarding breastfeeding. However, the type of advice imparted and the effect of the advice on breastfeeding behaviour could not be discerned from this data.
This cohort reported good knowledge on the benefits of paediatric vaccines and positive group influences and had low scores on vaccine anxiety. This was reflected by high confidence levels on the information available to them and the protection conferred to their children by vaccines. Grandparents who had high scores on knowledge and positive group influence reported they would advise their children on vaccinations for grandchildren. Less than 2% of the study sample scored high on vaccine anxiety and reported vaccine refusal and lack of confidence, which limited the study of whether grandparents could positively influence vaccine hesitant parents.
The quantitative study sample is not representative of the average population which restricts generalisation of the findings. The precise nature of grandparents’ influence on parents’ infant feeding and paediatric vaccines need further exploration among the different cultural groups. Education, income levels and cultural and traditional child care practices are likely to have the most influence on the relationship between parents and grandparents, and consequently the extent to which grandparents’ opinions are valued and accepted in relation to breastfeeding and paediatric vaccinations decisions
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Murray, Ashley B. "Vaccinate Don’t Procrastinate:Young Adults’ Affective Associations Toward the HPV Vaccination." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1564418279293988.
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Danovska, Ketija. "Vaccination Hesitancy Among Parents in Stockholm, Sweden : A qualitative study examining the effect of the incorporation of the “United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child” into Swedish Law in 2020." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Miljövetenskap, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-43153.
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Background: On 1 January 2020, the UNCRC was incorporated into the Swedish national law. The Convention argues that all children have the right to health, life, survival and development. The Articles of the UNCRC require higher authorities, health facilities and parents to act in the best interest of children, and to do everything to secure children’s rights. Interpreting the Convention, it is possible to conclude that all children have the right to safe and effective vaccines. Even though vaccines are accessible and free of charge to all children in Sweden, vaccination coverage for multiple vaccine-preventable diseases in Sweden has dropped. As one of the reasons for this drop in vaccination coverage is proposed vaccination hesitancy. To fulfil children’s rights as proposed in the UNCRC, vaccination hesitancy needs to be understood and addressed. Aim: The objective of the study is to understand causes of vaccination hesitancy among parents living in Stockholm, Sweden and to examine how healthcare professionals in Stockholm County are working to eliminate vaccination hesitancy, in goal to promote children’s rights to health, life, survival and development after the UNCRC became a Swedish law on 1 January 2020. Additionally, to analyze if strategies applied by Stockholm County are truly addressing identified causes of vaccination hesitancy among parents living in Stockholm, Sweden and in that way increasing vaccination rates this year. Method: This study used a qualitative research strategy. Vaccination hesitancy in Sweden was studied using 20 semi-structured interviews with parents living in Stockholm, while effect of the UNCRC incorporation into Swedish law on vaccination hesitancy was studied using a semi-structured interview with one health professional working in Stockholm County. The gathered data was summarized, categorized and analyzed according to the proposed themes of two theories. The theoretical framework consisted of the Health Belief Model and Social-Ecological Model. Conclusion: It was possible to conclude that the choice of immunization among parents is shaped by; 1) sources and type of the received information on vaccines, vaccination and vaccine-preventable diseases included in the general Swedish child vaccination program, 2) their views on vaccine quality, safety, effectiveness and necessity for satisfying children’s rights to health, life, survival and development, 3) the level of knowledge of epidemiological concepts, mechanisms, infectious diseases and vaccines included in the vaccination program, and 4) the level of trust in the Swedish Government and healthcare, and belief if they are acting in the best interest of children. After the UNCRC incorporation into Swedish law, there have not been observed any changes in the strategic work of Stockholm County against vaccination hesitancy. For the past ten years, they are applying methods at the individual- and interpersonal level, which are not quite reaching vaccine hesitant parents living in Stockholm. Other methods at the community- and public policy level are needed. Due to unclear implications of the UNCRC entrance as a national law and COVID-19 pandemic, it is not possible to estimate if there are any changes in the vaccination rates this year.
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Krawczyk, Andrea. "Cancer prevention and the human papillomavirus vaccine:psychosocial and behavioural factors involved in vaccination decision-making." Thesis, McGill University, 2012. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=107755.
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The purpose of the present thesis was to examine psychosocial and behavioural factors associated with the decision-making process involved in uptake of the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine. In Canada, the HPV vaccine has been approved for women and men aged 9 to 26. Using the health belief model as a primary theoretical framework, the present dissertation examined knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs of young adults making a vaccination decision for themselves and of parents making a vaccination decision for their daughters.Study 1 consisted of a cross-sectional survey exploring correlates of HPV vaccination among female university students who did not intend to receive, intended to receive, or had received the vaccine. The study results showed that social influences were important and unique factors related to young women's vaccination uptake. Study 2 examined male university students' knowledge and future vaccination intentions. The study differentiated between objective HPV knowledge, objective HPV vaccine knowledge, and perceived knowledge. The study results indicated that perceived knowledge and objective HPV vaccine knowledge were associated with vaccination intentions. Further, perceived knowledge was associated with young men's vaccination intentions even when accounting for objective HPV and HPV vaccine knowledge. Study 3 used a randomized controlled design to compare two types of educational interventions (written and video) designed to increase knowledge and acceptability of the HPV vaccine in both male and female university students. The study results showed that both the written and video interventions were effective in improving knowledge and vaccination intentions. However, no differences were found between the two intervention modalities. Finally, Study 4 identified key differences between parents who accepted and parents who refused the HPV vaccine for their young daughters. The study results indicate that perception of vaccine safety was the strongest factor associated with parental vaccination acceptance. Collectively, these four studies showed that HPV vaccination decision-making is a complex process and that perception of vaccine safety as well as social influences may be critical components of HPV vaccination decisions. Future research should build on these results by developing and testing comprehensive theories of vaccination decision making that include behavioural, social, and cognitive factors.Cette thèse a pour but d'examiner les facteurs psychosociaux et de comportement, associés à la décision de recevoir ou non le vaccin contre les virus du papillome humain (VPH). La vaccination VPH est approuvée au Canada pour les femmes et les hommes de 9 à 26 ans. En utilisant le modèle de croyance de la santé comme cadre théorique premier, la thèse étudie la connaissance, les attitudes et les croyances des jeunes femmes et hommes dans leur décision quant à la vaccination VPH, tant pour eux-mêmes que pour les parents qui auront à décider pour leurs filles. L'étude 1 met en évidence la corrélation de la vaccination VPH chez les étudiantes universitaires qui n'avaient pas l'intention de se faire vacciner, qui auraient eu l'intention de recevoir le vaccin, ou qui avaient été vaccinées. Les résultats démontrent que les influences sociales sont des facteurs importants et uniques influençant les jeunes femmes à recevoir le vaccin. L'étude 2 examine les connaissances et les intentions des étudiants universitaires de recevoir éventuellement le vaccin. L'étude a démontré une différence entre une connaissance objective du VPH, une connaissance objective du vaccin VPH et une connaissance perçue. Les résultats de l'étude indiquent qu'une connaissance perçue et objective du vaccin était associée aux intentions de recevoir le vaccin. De plus, la connaissance perçue était associée aux intentions de vaccination des jeunes hommes en ayant comme objectif les connaissances du VPH et de son vaccin. L'étude 3 a utilisé un modèle de contrôle randomisé, afin de comparer deux types d'interventions éducationnelles (à l'écrit et par vidéo) afin d'augmenter la connaissance et l'acceptabilité de la vaccination VPH, tant chez les étudiantes que chez les étudiants à l'université. L'étude démontre que les deux méthodes (l'écrit et le vidéo) ont été efficaces à promouvoir la connaissance et les intentions de vaccination. Toutefois il n'y a aucune différence entre les deux modes d'intervention. Finalement, l'étude 4 a identifié les facteurs clés entre les parents qui ont accepté, et ceux qui ont refusé le vaccin VPH pour leurs jeunes filles. Les résultats de l'étude démontrent que la perception de la sécurité du vaccin était le facteur le plus important, associé à l'acceptation de la vaccination chez les parents. Collectivement, ces quatre études ont démontré que la prise de décision concernant la vaccination du VPH est un processus complexe, et que la perception de la sécurité du vaccin, ainsi que les influences sociales, sont des composantes critiques en ce qui concerne la prise de décision pour la vaccination VPH. Des études ultérieures devraient se baser sur ces résultats, en développant et en mesurant des théories compréhensives pour la prise de décision dans la vaccination, tout en incluant les facteurs sociaux, cognitifs, et de comportement.
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Hussein, Aida. "Inställning till vaccination mot covid- 19 i Rinkeby och Tensta, Sverige : Om vaccinationsvilja och tveksamhet i ett socioekonomiskt utsatt område i Sverige." Thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för hälsovetenskaper, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-20031.
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Inledning: Vaccinationstveksamhet är ett fenomen som är viktigt att studera eftersom bekämpningen mot covid-19 och andra sjukdomar är beroende av att befolkningen vaccinerar sig. Området Rinkeby-Tensta har tidigare haft låg vaccinationstäckning på grund av oro över biverkningar. Syftet är att ta reda på inställningen för vaccination mot covid-19 i Rinkeby-Tensta. Metod: En tvärsnittsstudie utfördes med bekvämlighetsurval. Resultat: Resultatet visar att 72 respondenter besvarade enkäten varav 78 procent av respondenterna svarade att de antingen inte vill eller inte vet om de vill vaccinera sig. Diskussion: Utbildningsnivå är inte associerat med vaccinationsviljan. Att senarelägga vaccinacceptansen uppfattas som en fördel. Bekymmer över vaccinets biverkningar är en faktor i vaccinationsbeslutet.Introduction: Vaccine hesitancy is a phenomenon that is important to study when the fight against covid-19 and other diseases is dependent on the population being vaccinated. Rinkeby-Tensta previously had low vaccination coverage due to concerns about side effects. The aim is to measure the attitude toward vaccination against covid -19 in Rinkeby-Tensta Method: A cross-sectional study was performed with convenience sample. Results: Results show that 72 respondents answered the survey, of which 78 percent of the respondents answered that they either do not want or do not know if they want to get vaccinated. Discussion: Level of education is not associated with willingness to get vaccinated. To postpone vaccinations is perceived as a benefit. Concerns about the side effects of vaccine is a factor in the vaccination decision.
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Walcott, Dona S. "Cultural Health Beliefs and Influenza Vaccination Among Caribbean-Born Students." ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/6697.
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This purpose of this quantitative study was to examine health beliefs among Caribbean-born university students regarding acceptance or rejection of influenza vaccination among populations at institutions of higher education. In addition, acculturation was addressed as a factor affecting cultural health beliefs. A survey was completed by 98 students enrolled at Florida International University during the spring 2018 semester. Linear regression was used to analyze whether cultural health beliefs and acculturation were predictive of beliefs about influenza vaccination and beliefs about perceived barriers to influenza vaccination. The study findings showed cultural health beliefs of the students were statistically significant predictors of their beliefs about influenza vaccination and perceived barriers to influenza vaccination. Also, the levels of acculturation were a statistically significant predictor of students' cultural health beliefs and beliefs about perceived barriers to influenza vaccination. After 5+ years of acculturation in the United States, the students surveyed still held cultural beliefs and perceived barriers to influenza vaccination that contributed to their lack of acceptance of the vaccination. The information gained from this study gives credence to the need for designing health interventions and health messages on influenza vaccination that are culture specific for a college-age population if influenza vaccination acceptance is to be promoted.
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Svalmark, Per. "Extra känslig? : En kvantitativ studie om studenter och vaccination mot svininfluensan." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Fakulteten för ekonomi, kommunikation och IT, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-7594.
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Syftet med den här studien är att undersöka vad som skiljer i personlighet mellan studenter som vaccinerade sig mot svininfluensan och studenter som inte vaccinerade sig. Studien genomfördes genom en kvantitativ enkätundersökning på 194 studenter från ett universitet i Svealand. Deltagarna fick besvara psykometriska personlighetstester som mätte känslighet, ångest, depression, sympati och pålitlighet. Därefter utfördes statistiska test i SPSS för att i huvudsak beräkna medelvärdesskillnader. Resultaten visar att vaccinerade studenter är signifikant känsligare än ovaccinerade studenter. Vaccinerade studenter är också mer ångestfyllda men skillnaderna är inte signifikanta. Det finns inga nämnvärda skillnader i depression, sympati eller pålitlighet. Typ av utbildning och kön predicerar heller inte vaccinering. Sammanfattningsvis ska känslighet därmed ses som den viktigaste prediktorn för vilka personer som vaccinerar sig vid pandemier. Resultatet kan generaliseras till den svenska befolkningen eftersom studiens andel vaccinerade motsvarar befolkningens andel vaccinerade. Studiens urval motsvarar däremot inte den svenska populationens genomsnittliga utbildningsnivå. Å andra sidan har utbildningsnivå inte visat sig vara en betydande faktor för hälsoskyddande beteenden i tidigare forskning, varför mitt resultat bör betraktas som betydelsefullt.The purpose of this study is to examine which personality aspects that are differing from students who got vaccinated against the swine flu, to students who did not get vaccinated. This study carried out a quantitative survey on 194 students from a mid-region university in Sweden. The participants were to answer psychometric personality tests on sensitivity, anxiety, depression, sympathy and dependability. Thereafter, statistical tests were conducted through SPSS, mainly to calculate mean differences. The results conclude that vaccinated students are significantly more sensitive than un-vaccinated students. Vaccinated students are also more anxious but these differences are not significant. There are no notable differences in depression, sympathy or dependability. Type of education and sex do not either predict vaccination. Finally, sensitivity shall be viewed as the most important predictor in a person’s likeliness to get vaccinated at pandemics. The findings can be generalized to the Swedish population because the proportion of vaccinated students in this study corresponds to the proportion of vaccinated people of the Swedish population. However, the sample of this study does not correspond to the educational level of the Swedish population. On the other hand, educational level has not been shown as an important determinant in health protective behaviors in former research literature, why my result should be considered as meaningful.
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Ridgeway, Kristi. "Using the health belief model to enhance understanding of female college students' intention to receive the human papillomavirus vaccination." Pullman, Wash. : Washington State University, 2009. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Thesis/Summer2009/k_ridgeway_061609.pdf.
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Snipes, Daniel. "Bridging the gap: Using the theory of planned behavior to predict HPV vaccination intentions in men." VCU Scholars Compass, 2013. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/2969.
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Genital human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted infection (STI) in the US, with an estimated incidence rate of 6.2 million new cases each year. Men have higher instances of certain HPV related outcomes (e.g., head/neck cancers) when compared to women, so male vaccination with the HPV vaccine is also paramount to preventing cancer. The present study examined the theory of planned behavior (TPB) as a model for predicting HPV vaccination intentions among men. Results suggest the TPB was a well-fitting model to the data, but not all aspects of the TPB model were predictive of HPV vaccination intentions. Behavioral beliefs (e.g.., the belief that vaccination will provide a beneficial outcome) were the only significant predictor of HPV vaccination intention in the next 6 months. Perceived norms, motivations to comply with norms, attitudes towards the HPV vaccine, and self-efficacy were not significant predictors of HPV vaccination intentions.
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Grandahl, Maria. "Prevention of Human Papillomavirus in a school-based setting." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Vårdvetenskap, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-263252.
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The overall aim of this thesis was to examine beliefs about human papillomavirus (HPV) prevention, especially vaccination, among parents, immigrant women, adolescents and school nurses, and to promote primary prevention among adolescents. The methods used in the thesis were focus group interviews, individual interviews, a web-based questionnaire, and finally, a randomised controlled intervention study. The immigrant women were largely in favour of HPV prevention, although barriers, such as logistic difficulties, and cultural or gender norms were found. Parents’ decision concerning vaccination of their daughters depended on several factors. Regardless of their final choice, they made the decision they believed was in the best interest of their daughter. The benefits outweighed the risks for parents choosing to vaccinate while parents declining made the opposite judgement. The majority of the school nurses reported that the governmental financial support given because of the vaccination programme had not been used for the intended purpose. Three out of four nurses had been contacted by parents who raised questions regarding the vaccine; most were related to side effects. The educational intervention had favourable effects on the adolescents’ beliefs regarding HPV prevention, especially among those with an immigrant background. Furthermore, the intention to use condom as well as actual vaccination rates among girls was slightly increased by the intervention. Trust in the governmental recommendations and the amounts of information given are important factors in the complex decision about HPV vaccination. Attention given to specific needs and cultural norms, as well as the possibility to discuss HPV vaccination with the school nurse and provision of extra vaccination opportunities at a later time are all strategies that might facilitate participation in the school-based HPV vaccination programme. School nurses need sufficient resources, knowledge and time to meet parents’ questions and concerns. The vaccinations are time-consuming and the governmental financial support needs to be used as intended, for managing the vaccination programme. A school-based intervention can have favourable effects on the beliefs and actual actions of young people and may possibly thus, in the long term, decrease the risk for HPV-related cancer.
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Ankawi, Brett. "The Effects of Implementation Intentions on Responses to Needle Images in those with High Needle Fear." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1426861213.
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Vaughn, Ashley R. "The Effectiveness of a Refutation Text with Appeals to Expertise in Establishing Credibility for Conceptual Change: A Mixed Methods Study." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1530023717896166.
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Randers, Ida. "Vart ska jag rikta min tillit? : En diskursanalytisk studie om vaccinmotståndet i sociala medier." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för ekonomi, teknik, konst och samhälle, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-85701.
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Vaccinmotstånd är ett fenomen som har vuxit sig större världen över i en sådan mängd att Världshälsoorganisationen har inkluderat vaccinmotstånd i listan över “ten threats to global health”. I och med Coronapandemins framfart har skepticism till vaccin återigen fått fäste när vaccin mot sjukdomen covid-19 skulle tillverkas. Enligt tidigare forskning är sociala medier en möjliggörande faktor till att skepticism till vaccin växer och är därför en viktig miljö att studera. Fenomenet vaccinmotstånd är ett utforskat område i flera länder, men kan anses vara relativt outforskat i en svensk kontext. Syftet med studien är därmed att undersöka vaccinmotstånd i en svensk kontext genom att studera de föreställningar och uppfattningar som skildras i vaccinkritiska forum i sociala medier. Metoden som ligger till grund för studiens utförande är diskursanalys, som innebär att fokus i materialet som insamlas är språket samt kommunikation. Detta möjliggör utforskandet av föreställningar och uppfattningar till vaccin. Studiens material är insamlat från de sociala medieplattformarna Facebook och Flashback, för att sedan analyseras utifrån teoretiska begrepp såsom risk, tillit och expertsystem samt individualism, som är baserat på teoretikerna Ulrich Beck, Anthony Giddens samt Zygmunt Bauman. Resultatet visar att användarna uppvisar en bristande tillit till regeringen och myndigheter på grund av hanteringen av rådande pandemi, samt tidigare hanteringar av vaccinbiverkningar av svininfluensavaccinet. Detta inkluderade även en föreställning att forskningen kring vaccin är korrupt på grund av ekonomiska intressen från läkemedelsföretag samt myndigheter, som påverkade användarnas tillit till vaccin generellt, men även till de nya covid-vaccinen. De användare som uppvisade denna bristande tillit till myndigheter och andra experter upplevde pandemi restriktioner, kommande vaccinpass samt faktagranskningen på plattformarna som inskränkande. De upplevda inskränkningarna ovanifrån tillsammans med rädsla för eventuella vaccinbiverkningar resulterade i att användarna hellre vände sin tillit till online-miljöer och alternativa experter, istället för expertsystem som exempelvis sjukvården, som på grund av negativa erfarenheter med experter även resulterar i att tilliten riktas åt annat håll. De som upplevde vaccin som skadliga förespråkar alternativ till vaccin, där användarna kunde vända sig till plattformarna för rådgivning och stöd. Föreställningarna som yttrades skiljde sig även mellan plattformarna, där Facebook uppvisade tendenser på selektiv exponering, medan det på Flashback kunde råda diskussioner från olika ståndpunkter.Vaccine resistance is a phenomenon that has grown larger worldwide around such an amount that the World Health Organization has included vaccine hesitancy in the list of "ten threats to global health". With the rise of the Corona Pandemic, skepticism about vaccines has once again taken hold when vaccines were to be manufactured to prevent the illness Covid-19. According to previous research, social media is an enabling factor for growing skepticism about vaccines and is therefore an important environment to study. The phenomenon of vaccine resistance is an explored area in several countries, but can be considered relatively unexplored in a Swedish context. The purpose of the study is thus to investigate vaccine resistance in a Swedish context by studying the ideas and perceptions portrayed in vaccine-critical forums on social media. The method that forms the basis for the study is discourse analysis, which means that the focus in the material collected is language and communication. This enables the exploration of notions and perceptions of vaccines. The study material is collected from the social media platforms Facebook and Flashback and then analyzed on the basis of theoretical concepts such as risk, trust and expert systems as well as individualism, which is based on the theorists Ulrich Beck, Anthony Giddens and Zygmunt Bauman. The results show that users show a lack of trust in the government and authorities due to the management of the current pandemic, as well as previous management of vaccine side effects of the swine flu vaccine. This also included the notion that vaccine research is corrupt due to the financial interests of pharmaceutical companies and authorities, which affected users' confidence in vaccines in general, but also in the new covid vaccines. The users who showed this lack of trust in authorities and other experts experienced the pandemic restrictions, upcoming vaccine passes and fact-checking on the platforms as violating. The perceived violating restrictions from above together with fear of possible vaccine side effects resulted in users preferring to turn their trust in online environments and alternative experts, instead of expert systems such as healthcare, which due to negative experiences with experts also results in trust being directed elsewhere. . Those who perceived vaccines as harmful advocate alternatives to vaccines, where users could turn to the platforms for consultation and support. The views expressed also differed between the platforms, where Facebook showed tendencies towards selective exposure, while on Flashback there could be discussions from different points of views.
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(9783923), Gabrielle Bryden. "An exploration of unorthodox worldviews that predict vaccine scepticism and use of complementary and alternative medicine." Thesis, 2021. https://figshare.com/articles/thesis/An_exploration_of_unorthodox_worldviews_that_predict_vaccine_scepticism_and_use_of_complementary_and_alternative_medicine/19750360.
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There are many people who choose alternative or unorthodox healthcare options that are not based on the best available evidence for efficacy and effectiveness. There has been a rejection of vaccination by sections of the population leading to suboptimal rates of vaccination, and increased rates of infectious diseases such as measles. Complementary and alternative medicines (CAMs) are also increasingly popular, despite the scarcity of clinical evidence for the efficacy and safety of many of these therapies. The goal of this thesis is to explore unorthodox worldviews that predict vaccine scepticism and use of CAM in order to inform the future development of persuasive strategies to encourage participation in vaccination programs, and evidence-based healthcare. In this thesis the underpinnings of vaccine scepticism and CAM use have been explored through the different traditions of individual differences (inclusive of personality, attitudes, and beliefs), socio-demographics, and emotional reactions. Four studies were undertaken to achieve this goal including (1) the development of a standardised measure of CAM utilisation using data from an archived population survey of Australian adults; (2) an investigation of explanatory factors, including personality (openness to experience), cognitive style, and a range of unorthodox beliefs, for the relationship between CAM use and vaccination scepticism, using an archived population survey of Australian adults; (3) an examination of associations between geographic or area-level socio-demographic factors and uptake of vaccination among 5-year old children throughout Australia, using a public health focused ecological methodology, and (4) conducting an online priming experiment, to assess whether increasing the salience of concepts of contamination and purity will produce changes in reactions to a range of health interventions, including vaccination and CAM. Following are the key findings. The first study developed a brief, summative questionnaire measure of CAM utilisation called the R-I-CAM-Q, to address a gap in previous research which was lacking a psychometrically sound, and quantitative measure of CAM utilisation. The main findings of the second study, a cross-sectional survey, were that positive attitudes to CAMs, rather than use of CAMs, best predict vaccination attitudes; and that negative attitudes to vaccination and positive attitudes to CAMs both correlate with the presumed antecedents of magical beliefs about health. The geographic/area-based study revealed that communities with lower rates of vaccination had relatively less disadvantage, and had relatively greater education and occupational status, suggesting that privilege puts people at risk. The priming experiment showed no experimental effect of priming for contamination or purity/naturalness. Nevertheless, higher levels of sensitivity to disgust were associated with lower ratings of the effectiveness of MMR vaccination, tetanus injection, antibiotics, and surgery. These studies identify the psychological, social, cultural, and emotional characteristics of those who have unorthodox health beliefs and behaviours. Knowledge that can directly inform the future development of tailored and persuasive health promotion strategies and campaigns which encourage evidence-based healthcare choices, particularly uptake of vaccination.
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Mitrovich, Rachel Christine. "Examining determinants of vaccine acceptance for maternal immunization in a low-resource setting in Zambia: a qualitative assessment from the perspective of women and providers." Thesis, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/38125.
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BACKGROUND: Recently there has been a shift in the global health arena towards maternal immunization as the missing link to protect mother, fetus, and infant. However, as research is being conducted across the maternal immunization portfolio to address underlying immunological mechanisms, effectiveness, stability, and safety, there is minimal data regarding acceptance from the perspective of women and providers, specifically in low-resource settings. Serving as a factor that informs a global and national recommendation for vaccine use, closing this knowledge gap will be necessary to reach policy decisions, develop strategies to introduce maternal vaccines into National Immunization Programs, and secure uptake of such policies on the part of intended beneficiaries.
METHODS: Qualitative data was collected across three health facilities (urban, peri-urban, rural) via focus group discussions (women), key informant interviews (family/community members), and clinical vignettes (women). Thematic analysis was guided by the World Health Organization’s Model of Determinants of Vaccine Hesitancy using the seven stages of the Framework Method.
RESULTS: Results demonstrated that while women showed confidence in the safety and efficacy of vaccines, hesitancy towards maternal vaccination was fostered by misinformation, religious beliefs, use of traditional medicine, social norms, family involvement, and concerns about risk benefit profiles. In contrast, providers expressed service delivery barriers such as long wait times, husband involvement in decision-making, and religion as main reasons why women were hesitant to be vaccinated during pregnancy. Providers believed that these barriers could easily be overcome with proper outreach, education, and modifications to service delivery. Additionally, providers displayed confidence in their own understanding of the vaccine ecosystem and the level of knowledge women possessed about vaccines.
CONCLUSION: To ensure the full potential of maternal vaccines, policies, national strategies, and implementation approaches will need to consider knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs expressed by women and providers, as well as the cultural dynamics of the setting in which vaccines are being administered. Furthermore, research is required to understand the relative strength of explanatory factors in deciding to be vaccinated during pregnancy, as well as exploration of how these factors change over time and contribute to policy and program implementation approaches.2021-09-07T00:00:00Z
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António, Carolina Ferreira de Castro. "Movimentos Anti-vacinação: Fundamentos de Recusa de Vacinação e Estratégias para Ultrapassar o Mito." Master's thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/97692.
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Trabalho Final do Mestrado Integrado em Medicina apresentado à Faculdade de MedicinaA vacinação foi um dos mais importantes marcos da Medicina. Desde o início da sua implementação rotineira que grande contestação é gerada à sua volta. O movimento anti-vacinação tem levado a surtos infeciosos de doenças julgadas extintas. Este facto tem grande impacto não só ao nível da saúde como ao nível das despesas com os cuidados desta. Assim, esta tese de revisão teve como objetivo pesquisar as razões que levam os pais a não vacinar os seus filhos e encontrar formas para contornar esta realidade. A análise bibliográfica, utilizando a base de dados PubMed, permitiu aferir que as razões se prendem, maioritariamente, com a falta de estratégias de comunicação, receio face aos efeitos secundários de uma vacina e diminuição da perceção do risco de contrair doenças atualmente preveníveis pela imunização. Para além disto, também a preocupação com a sobrecarga do sistema imunitário e o desejo de ter um estilo de vida mais “natural” contribuem para esta decisão. Ainda, ideias de que as vacinas são ineficazes e utilizadas como meio de obter lucro pela indústria farmacêutica estão profundamente introduzidas em algumas comunidades anti-vacinação.Existem argumentos que poderão ser estrategicamente usados para combater esta hesitação em vacinar, mas é fundamental saber transmiti-los e garantir a confiança dos pais nos profissionais de saúde. O esclarecimento de mitos gerados à volta dos efeitos secundários e a apresentação de informação cientificamente comprovada por vezes não é suficiente sem uma boa relação médico-doente. Atualmente, uma das ferramentas mais utilizadas pelo movimento contra as vacinas é a Internet. Este utensílio poderá ser manejado de forma a contribuir para o esclarecimento de dúvidas e ajudar a consciencializar os mais jovens para a importância desta temática.
Vaccination was one of the most important marks of Medicine. Since the beginning of its routine implementation that a great impugnment was generated around it. The anti-vaccination movement has led to infectious outbreaks of diseases thought as extinct. This fact has a big impact on both health and healthcare expenses.Therefore, this review thesis aims to search the reasons that lead parents to not vaccinate their children and how to prevent it from happening. The bibliographic analysis, using PubMed, made it possible to verify that the reasons are mostly related to the lack of communication strategies, fear of side effects of a vaccine and decreased perception of the risk of contracting diseases currently preventable by immunization. In addition, the concern with the overload of the immune system and the desire to have a more “natural” lifestyle contribute to this decision. Also, ideas that vaccines are ineffective and used as means of making a profit by the pharmaceutical industry are deeply embedded in some anti-vaccination communities.There are arguments that can strategically be used to combat this vaccine hesitancy but knowing how to communicate them and guaranteeing parents’ trust in health professionals is fundamental. The clarification of myths generated around side effects and the presentation of scientifically proven information is sometimes not enough without a good doctor-patient relationship.Nowadays, one of the most used tools by the movement against vaccines is the Internet. This instrument can be handled in order to contribute to the clarification of doubts and help to make young people aware of the importance of this theme.
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Li, Meng. "100% of anything looks good the appeal of one hundred percent and the psychology of vaccination." 2008. http://hdl.rutgers.edu/1782.2/rucore10001600001.ETD.17413.
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Hash-Converse, Joanne M. "A longitudinal investigation of the relationships amongst antibody response to influenza vaccination, affect, and stress in the elderly." 2008. http://hdl.rutgers.edu/1782.2/rucore10001600001.ETD.17488.
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Wells, Chad Richard. "The impact of psychology on the effectiveness of voluntary vaccination against infectious diseases in networks." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10214/3949.
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Behaviour is often neglected when modelling vaccination policies. This thesis shows the importance of incorporating behaviour in vaccination models of the impact of vaccines on disease dynamics. This thesis consists of three projects pertaining to voluntary vaccination in a network setting. The first project focuses on the effectiveness of voluntary ring vaccination under the presence of imitation. The contacts of a single index case vaccinate when symptoms first appear. We assume the contacts are unable to transmit infection to one another; however, we assume they are able to share their vaccination strategies. Under the presence of strong imitation, the effectiveness of voluntary ring vaccination becomes unpredictable. The second project focuses on the impact of personal experiences on voluntary influenza vaccination in a uniform network. Vaccination behaviour is based upon past infection and vaccination experiences, which creates a feedback loop between incidence and behaviour. Long-term memory acts as a stabilizing factor; however, long-term memory also decreases perceived vaccine efficacy. Vaccines conferring slowly waning immunity decrease vaccination coverage, leading to sporadic outbreaks in the absence of non-influenzal influenza-like-illness (niILI). Our results show evidence of vaccination strategy correlations being formed in the absence of imitation through past experiences. Allowing niILI to be mistaken for true influenza breaks up the strategy correlations, while stabilizing dynamics. The final model focuses on vaccination strategies targeting superspreaders, with the option of distributing economic incentives. We take a more psychological approach to influenza vaccination behaviour, where transmission of influenza occurs on an empirically based network. On average, superspreaders view the vaccine to be less effective; however, superspreaders still find vaccination more appealing because they are at a greater risk of becoming infected. The incorporation of behaviour leads to superspreader strategies to become less effective due to policy resistance; neglecting behaviour can lead to an overestimation of reduction of incidence. Public health officials should be concerned about the policy resistance and decreased perceived vaccine efficacy among superspreaders. The effectiveness of the vaccination or control policies could be diminished by the presence of behaviour, even when pro-active preventative measures are implemented by public health.Ontario Graduate Fellowship, Ontario Graduate Scholarship in Science and Technology
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Gomes, Isabel Eduarda Martins. "Relatório de estágio." Master's thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.14/31629.
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O presente relatório, desenvolvido no âmbito do Curso de Mestrado em Enfermagem com Especialização em Enfermagem Comunitária, relata o percurso realizado no estágio final, descrevendo e analisando de forma reflexiva as atividades desenvolvidas e a aquisição de competências. A vacinação é considerada uma das maiores conquistas da Saúde Pública. Apesar dos benefícios da vacinação e da sustentabilidade dos programas de vacinação, continuam a surgir desafios prementes como a hesitação vacinal que influenciam a estabilidade dos programas de imunização. A Organização Mundial de Saúde define hesitação vacinal como “um atraso na aceitação ou recusa da vacina apesar da sua disponibilidade. A hesitação vacinal é complexa, especifica do contexto variando ao longo do tempo, local e vacina”. O fenómeno da hesitação começa a ser alvo de preocupações e de desenvolvimento de estratégias de modo a assegurar a efetividade e eficiência dos planos de vacinação. Este estágio foi realizado numa USF da Região Norte de Portugal, integrando o projeto do Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Saúde da Universidade Católica Portuguesa intitulado “Imunização: Determinantes que influenciam a hesitação vacinal”. Seguiu as fases do planeamento em saúde, para explorar as várias dimensões do fenómeno da hesitação vacinal. Foi realizado um diagnóstico de situação, no sentido de identificar as dúvidas sobre vacinação que os utentes nos cuidados de saúde primários demostram. Como resultados verificamos que 13% dos utentes apresenta lacunas na informação relacionada com a vacinação, aspeto que a literatura refere como podendo originar hesitação vacinal. Emerge dos resultados que os profissionais de saúde são a principal fonte de informação para a tomada de decisão dos utentes em se vacinar. Pela priorização dos problemas considerou-se pertinente direcionar a intervenção para a capacitação dos profissionais de saúde e criar mecanismos de apoio relacionados com a hesitação vacinal. A intervenção desenvolvida visou a realização de ações de formação, construção e disponibilização de material de apoio à tomada de decisão. As ações de formação tiveram o intuito de sensibilização para a temática e transmissão de informação relativamente a formas de atuação perante a hesitação vacinal. A criação de um algoritmo de apoio em casos de hesitação vacinal, sintetizou a informação num instrumento de fácil acesso, que confere uma visão alargada de possíveis estratégias de atuação. Foram também desenvolvidos diversos temas sobre a hesitação vacinal para integrar uma plataforma digital de apoio à tomada de decisão dos profissionais de saúde. Ao longo do estágio, as diversas atividades realizadas contribuíram para aquisição, articulação e desenvolvimento de competências centradas em cuidados de enfermagem especializados, na área de enfermagem de saúde pública.The present report, developed in the course of Master's in Nursing with specialization in Community Nursing, relates the work held on the final internship, describing and analysing in a reflexive way the activities developed and the acquisition of competences. Vaccination is consider one of the greatest achievements of Public Health. Despite the benefits of vaccination and the sustainability of vaccination programs, continue to arise challenges such as vaccine hesitation that influence the stability of immunization programs. The World Health Organization defines vaccine hesitation as “a delay in acceptance or refusal of the vaccine, despite its availability. Vaccine hesitancy is complex, it specifies the context varying over time, local and vaccine." The phenomenon of hesitation is becoming a focus of concern and are being development strategies in order to ensure the effectivity and efficiency of the vaccination plans. This internship was held in a USF of the Northern Region of Portugal, integrating the project of the Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Health of the Portuguese Catholic University entitled "Immunization: Determinants that influence vaccine hesitancy". Follows the phases of health planning, to explore the various dimensions of the phenomenon of vaccine hesitancy. A situation diagnostic was performed, to identify the doubts about vaccination that the health users show. As a result, we found that 13% of the health users present gaps in the information related to a vaccination, aspect that literature reports as a potential causing of vaccine hesitancy. Emerges from the results, that health professionals are the main source of information for the decision-making of the health users to vaccinate. For the prioritization of the problems, was considered relevant, direct the intervention for the professional qualification of health professionals and create support mechanisms related to vaccine hesitancy. The intervention developed aimed the realization of training sessions, conception and availability of support materials for decision-making. The training sessions had the purpose of raising awareness for the topic and the transmission of information about how to act in case of vaccine hesitancy. The creation of an algorithm of support in cases of vaccine hesitancy, synthesized the information into an easily accessible instrument, which gives a broad view of possible strategies of acting. Were also developed various themes of vaccine hesitancy to integrate a digital platform to support the decision-making of health professionals. Throughout the internship, the several activities undertaken contributed to the acquisition, articulation and development of skills focusing on specialized nursing, on the area of public health nursing.
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Canelo, Villafana Alejandrina. "Vaccinating Children for the Human Papillomavirus (HPV): Predictors of Parents Vaccinating Their Child and Providers Recommending a New Linguistically and Culturally Tailored Video Intervention Designed to Increase Vaccination Initiation and Completion." Thesis, 2019. https://doi.org/10.7916/d8-mt77-pv02.
Full textAbstract:
The public health problem of ensuring that teens and preteens receive the HPV vaccination series justified this study, using a convenience sample (N=122) of parents, 68 of whom were English-speaking parents (ESP) and 54 were Spanish-speaking parents (SSP). Among ESP, 94.1% (n=64) were females and 5.9% (n=4) were males. Among SSP, 98.1% (n=53) were females and 1.9% (n=1) was male. The mean age for ESP (n=68) was 41.16 years (min=27, max=72, SD=6.72). The mean age for SSP (n=54) was 38.72 years (min=26, max=55, SD =7.31). About 44.1% (n=30) of ESP were Hispanic/ Latino, and 98.1% (n=53) of SSP were Hispanic/Latino.
Using backward stepwise regression analysis, in the whole sample (N=122), significant predictors of parents being in an action or maintenance stage for making sure their children received the HPV vaccination was predicted by: if child had received HPV vaccination (β=1.714, SEB=.599, p=.000) and yearly household income (β=.142, SEB=.200, p=.007) in a model accounting for 40.5% of the variance (R2=.420, AdjR2=.405).
This study determined that a linguistically and culturally tailored (i.e., in English or Spanish) video on HPV and HPV vaccination of preteens and teens served as a brief online e-health intervention that was associated with significant parental movement across the stages of change (i.e., from precontemplation or contemplation stage, to preparation stage) and increased self-efficacy for three key behaviors: (1) talking to a pediatrician or family practice medical provider about the Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and the HPV vaccination for children; (2) making sure their preteen and teen children receive the HPV vaccination; and (3) making sure their preteen and teen children receive all required doses (e.g., at least two or three doses) of the HPV vaccination. Also, 89.5% (n=17) of healthcare providers recommended the video.
Qualitative data produced themes for recommending the video and improving it. Recommendations for an evaluation of the video intervention using a nationally representative sample are advanced, along with implications for widely disseminating and evaluating a new evidence-based approach codified in the video.
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Masina, Liziwe N. V. "An exploratory study of students' understandings and experiences of vaccination : implications for future HIV vaccine trials in South Africa." Thesis, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/2125.
Full textAbstract:
As Africa faces the challenges of its renewal or renaissance, the HIV/AIDS epidemic poses the greatest potential barrier to the attainment of this vision (Makgoba, 2001 in Dorrington, Bourne, Bradshaw, Laubscher & Timaeus, 2001). The development of an HIV vaccine that is safe, effective and affordable, has been widely contemplated as a necessary supplement to already established interventions. In preparation for HIV vaccine trials in South Africa the current project aimed to assess students' understanding (knowledge and perceptions) and experiences of vaccination in general, and to explore if these were associated with demographics such as motherhood and gender. A parallel aim was to assess students' knowledge and expectations of HIV vaccination and trial participation. A sample of 33 students was recruited from university residences at the University of Natal, Pietermaritzburg. Participants were interviewed via a semi-structured interview schedule. The data collected was then coded and analysed using content analysis, while Chi - square analysis was used to evaluate if demographics such as gender and motherhood were systematically associated with various responses. The results revealed that the vast majority of participants (97%) knew the purpose of vaccination, stating that it was to promote health and prevent illness. Most participants (67%) knew that vaccination works by mobilising the immune system (vaccination mechanism). The vast majority of participants (91%) could name at least one vaccine preventable disease. Uptake of childhood immunisation was reportedly high (88%) while adult uptake of immunisation was low (33%). A significant minority (36%) reported that they had experienced side effects but understood these to be an integral part of vaccination. Thirty percent of participants stated they were willing to participate (WTP) in a hypothetical vaccine trial, 33 % of participants were not WTP and 15% were not sure. Motivations for trial participation were reportedly influenced most by personal incentives of altruism (39%) and barriers such as perceived significant physical risk (61%). In general, knowledge and experiences of vaccination were not associated with gender or with motherhood. The results suggest that more awareness of HIV vaccine trials is needed. In this regard education should emphasise that the prospective vaccine will be preventive, that only healthy people can volunteer and that the HIV vaccine will not guarantee immunity to HIV infection. Suggestions are made for future research into motivations, barriers and incentives to facilitate an ethical process of vaccine trial participation.Thesis (M.Soc.Sc.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2004.
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Maseti, Elizabeth. "Caregivers' perceptions with regard to vaccine preventable diseases." Diss., 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/20148.
Full textAbstract:
This study investigated caregivers' perceptions with regard to vaccine-preventable diseases in terms of six constructs of the Health Belief Model. A qualitative research design that is explorative, descriptive and contextual in nature was employed in order to understand and describe the perceptions influencing access and utilisation of services that lead to missed immunisation opportunities and consequently outbreaks of vaccine-preventable diseases. The data-collection techniques were individual unstructured in-depth interviews, field notes and clinical records. The sample consisted of twenty two (N=22) caregivers who volunteered to be interviewed. The study has highlighted that caregivers' perceptions or cognitive factors play an important role for having children in completing immunisation schedule to protect the public from vaccine-preventable diseases.
It is recommended that mass media programmes are needed to address the role of vaccines in reducing high morbidity and mortality rates caused by vaccine preventable diseases and improvement in access to immunisation services.Health Studies
MPH (Health Studies)