Journal articles on the topic 'Psychology, Industrial Indonesia'

Character education build the moral of students based on ethics and national culture that has been internalized and becomes a special trait of the Indonesian nation. Through Islamic education, moderate character values will embrace human activities, both in the vertical or horizontal connection. This study aims to find out about the character education and the outcome, implemented at the Indonesia University of Education. Methodology of research are used quantitative and qualitative factor and participated by general mandatory courses (GMC) higher education students and graduates. The results indicated that Islamic character education have an important role to develop character of students.

Majority of the coastal community members in Indonesia still rely their life on fishing. Most of fishermen in the community are small-scale fishers, fishing workers, small-scale fish processors, and small traders. Efforts to obtain a larger income need support from family members. The role of husbands as the heads of family, responsible in earning a living, needs to be supported by their wives. The role of wives is as their husbands’ helpers in acquiring a livelihood as to raise their family income. The objective of this research is to analyze factors influencing women to enter workforce and their contribution to raising their family income. To analyze the case, theories of gender and development, women empowerment, and family economy are needed. This research used quantitative methodology. Its samples consisted of 85 fishermen’s wives from several villages that have active fish processing home industry in Rembang, Central Java. The results of research show that the income contribution of fishermen’s wives to the family income was still low, amounting to 33.13%. Factors influencing the wives to take up work were their education level and their motivation to work, while factors influencing their income were time allotted to work and types of work.

The process of forming an Islamic boarding school usually has a relationship with social politics. In the Industrial Revolution Era 4.0, there was less and less knowledge about the importance of studying the historical contribution of Islam in Indonesia. The purpose of this research is to analyze the background of the founding of Islamic teachings, movements and social politics in one of the Islamic boarding schools in Indonesia. This study uses the Historical Narrative Study approach. The results found that the Wali Barokah Islamic Boarding School stood behind the founder who tended to be a writer of scriptures and puritans. In addition, the teachings hold fast and, practice the Koran and Hadith, manqul in the transmission of knowledge. The curriculum is summarized in the Al-Manhaj al-Tarbiyah guidelines. On the other hand, the socio-political movement is as follows: Using a more gentle and open method of preaching, as an agent of da'i-da'iyah, in collaboration with outside institutions and with economic activities.

<div><p class="Els-history-head">The era of the industrial revolution 4.0 has had a big impact on changing the order of life or global disruption. In Indonesia, almost all tertiary institutions apply linearity in recruiting teaching staff and academics when they are going to a higher level. The linearity of the study program according to the Circular of the Ministry of Research, Technology and Higher Education of the Republic of Indonesia Number 696/E.E3/MI/2014 is the suitability of the background knowledge obtained in the bachelor, master and doctoral degree program with the knowledge that will be taught at the teaching place to achieve competence or learning outcomes at the teaching place. The challenge of life today is to answer actual global issues that can no longer be viewed from a monodisciplinary point of view but must be viewed from a transdisciplinary and multidisciplinary point of view. This study is a qualitative approach, that leads to the situation and the individual holistically. This type of research is descriptive in the form of a literature study using primary and secondary sources. The problem is the defense system nowadays is more complex with the new perspective of the 5th generation war. The 5th generation war needs a comprehensive approach in the defense systems including bioinformatics, biomedical, psychology, industrial, chemical, biology, and others. Linearity in the defense educational system could be a shackle for the defense system to encounter the industrial revolution and 5th generation war. Indonesia Defence University could be an example where defense is viewed from the spirit of collaboration and cooperation between multidisciplinary, transdisciplinary, and interdisciplinary approaches. By opening its doors to undergraduates, the university can start building a much-needed core of human resources equipped to defend the country and also new hope for a comprehensive perspective in the defense system.</p></div>

Tofu is a popular dish in Indonesia. If tofu production increases, it will also increase the produced waste. If the produced waste is not processed properly, it will cause environmental pollution which can cause health problems. One of the commonly used wastewater treatment methods is namely coagulation-flocculation. Aloe vera functions as a biocoagulant because it contains complex carbohydrates and sugars that can bind particles in the water, and contains a coagulant active substance called as mucilago. This research is an experimental research using the One Group Pretest-Posttest Design research design. Samples of tofu industrial wastewater were taken from the home industry in Janten Village, Ngestiharjo Village, Kasihan, Bantul, DIY. The addition of aloe vera gel as much as 60 ml/L in the tofu industrial wastewater caused a decrease in pH by 11.19%, COD 42.60%, BOD 44.80% and increasing TSS by 8.85%. It shows that aloe vera is effective to reduce COD and BOD in tofu industrial wastewater. Nevertheless, it is not effective to increase the pH of acidic tofu industrial wastewater and decreasing its TSS value.

This study aims to examine the effect of Firm’s performance as an intervening in the influence of the free cash flow on the capital structure. As well as the direct effect of Firm’s performance and free cash flow on the capital structure. This study uses a path analysis model and polling data from on 22 companies of various industrial subsectors on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX), over a period of 10 years (2009 to 2018). The results show that although free cash flow does not directly affect the capital structure, it is proven that profitability affects the capital structure and can mediate the effect of free cash flow on capital structure. These findings support agency theory, that management prefers to use free cash flow to make investments, so that fluctuations in the free cash flow will affect the financial performance, this condition will ultimately affect the capital structure.

Compliance with health protocols plays an important role in minimizing the spread of Covid-19. However, Indonesia is still facing a robust challenge including non-compliance to persuasive recommendations or messages (psychological reactance) and belief in conspiracy theories. Issues related to conspiracy theories and theories had obscured the message for the people to keep their behavior safe from the virus. The Extended Parallel Process Model (EPPM) is a theory that explains how people would obey the messages they received, particularly health messages. Perception of threats and efficacy contribute significantly to the effectiveness of the message people received. In this article, we discussed four psychological conditions that possess the chance to affect society's threats and efficacy to comply with health protocols. These conditions were viewed from social, clinical, and industrial-organizational psychology perspectives. Four solutions to cope with non-compliance tendencies were also proposed. We suggest that these solutions should be applied to strengthen the tendency for people to obey health protocols.

Indonesia is currently experiencing the industrial revolution 4.0 era, which is associated with the use of the internet and computer technology. There are still some changes associated with this era, which led to the need for quality human resources, such as educational institutions, especially universities. However, there some students are still unable to understand their career orientation, which led to the initiation of peer group counseling. Therefore, this study aims to determine the effectiveness of peer group counseling to increase student career maturity. The experimental one-group pretest-posttest design comprising 74 psychology study program students of class 2017 was used to carry out this research. Data were collected through a career maturity scale with a reliability value of 0.903. The data collected were analyzed using a paired t-test sample with the help of JASP. The results showed that peer group counseling has the ability to increase the career maturity of final-year students.

Academic procrastination is one of the problems experienced by students, which is caused by feeling tired or bored. While on the other hand, students need the ability to organize themselves to achieve their goals. This study aims to determine the effect of self-regulated learning on academic procrastination in class XI students of SMA Negeri 2 Purbalingga. The hypothesis proposed in this study is that self-regulated learning has a significant effect on academic procrastination in class XI students of SMA Negeri 2 Purbalingga. The sample of this research is the students of class XI SMA Negeri 2 Purbalingga with a total of 80 students. Data were collected by using several instruments in the form of academic procrastination scale and self-regulated learning scale. The academic procrastination scale has a reliability of 0.741 and a self-regulated learning scale of 0.744. The results of the analysis show that the calculated F is 146.734 with a coefficient of p = 0.000 (p<0.01), t = -12.113. It can be concluded that the hypothesis is accepted, namely that there is a significant influence between self-regulated learning on academic procrastination in class XI students of SMA Negeri 2 Purbalingga and self-regulated learning. It has an effect of 65.3% on academic procrastination (R = square = 0.653). For educational institutions, the results of this study can be a contribution to the thought of psychology to design various learning methods that lead to the concept of self-regulation in student learning in order to reduce academic procrastination.

So far, electronic media has become a daily necessity in people's lives. Without the presence of electronic media, everything becomes slow. Developmental psychology and educational sociology are useful in thinking about the relationship between humans and the media. Both paradigms make important valid contributions to communication and media studies seeing the dangers of mainstream media advocating for a proactive approach to ushering in a responsible world. The main study conducted on STI (Skill Training Institute) Mandiri Snur, located in Bogor, West Java, regarding what and how to utilize the use of ICT to form an independent, qualified workforce from the aspect of training and skills carried out by STI so that they are able to compete in the industrial world in Indonesia with their expertise according to government programs, namely Indonesia's superior human resources are advanced and analyze how the use of ICT is used to improve the quality of learning in STI. Based on the description above, specifically, the problems studied and analyzed in this research are formulated as how the use of ICT affects the process and learning outcomes at STI Mandiri Snur, how efficiency, effectiveness, student characteristics, channel availability, and STI environment affect the utilization ICT, how the factors of efficiency, effectiveness, student characteristics, and availability channels affect learning processes and outcomes, how do efficiency, effectiveness, student characteristics, channels and utilization of ICT affect the quality of learning at and how the model of using ICT on the quality of learning at STI.

Pandemi Covid-19 telah menimbulkan dampak yang luarbiasa di dalam pelayanan kesehatan. Penggunaan teknologi dalam pelayanan kesehatan diharapkan dapat menjembatani terbatasnya akses dan mengurangi kontak fisik selama pelayanan. Meningkatnya kasus Covid-19 di Indonesia, khususnya di Semarang disertai dengan daya tampung fasilitas kesehatan yang terbatas memaksa pasien melakukan isolasi mandiri di rumah. Unissula Virtual Home Care (UVHC) merupakan inovasi layanan kesehatan yang menggunakan teknologi komunikasi sebagai sarana interaksi antara tenaga kesehatan dengan pasien secara virtual. Sistem layanan ini menggunakan media WhatsApp atau aplikasi berbasis android/web. Unissula Virtual homecare merupakan solusi untuk meminimalkan resiko transmisi Covid-19 karena tidak melakukan kontak fisik secara langsung. Pelayanan UVHC meskipun dilaksanakan secara daring, namun dapat tetap memberikan perawatan berkelanjutan kepada pasien dengan tujuan akhir mengurangi morbiditas dan mortalitas akibat Covid-19. Untuk dapat mengetahui kualitas pelayanan yang diberikan oleh UVHC, maka perlu juga mengetahui kepuasan pelayanan pasien yang ditawarkan selama ini. Unissula Virtual homecare melibatkan sumber daya manusia yang kompeten dari Fakultas Kedokteran, Fakultas Ilmu Keperawatan, Fakultas Psikologi, Fakultas Agama Islam dan Fakultas Teknologi Industri.The COVID-19 pandemic has had a tremendous impact on health services. The use of technology in health services is expected to bridge the limited access and reduce physical contact during services. The increasing number of Covid-19 cases in Indonesia, especially in Semarang, accompanied by the limited capacity of health facilities, has forced patients to self-isolate at home. Unissula Virtual Home Care (UVHC) is a health service innovation that uses communication technology as a virtual means of interaction between health workers and patients. This service system uses WhatsApp media or android/web-based applications. Unissula Virtual Homecare is a solution to minimize the risk of transmitting COVID-19 because it does not make direct physical contact. Even though UVHC services are not offline, they can still provide continuous care to patients with the ultimate goal of reducing morbidity and mortality due to COVID-19. To be able to know the quality of services provided by UVHC, it is also necessary to know the satisfaction of patient services offered so far. Unissula Virtual homecare involves competent human resources from the Faculty of Medicine, Faculty of Nursing, Faculty of Psychology, Faculty of Islamic Religion and Faculty of Industrial Technology.

Purpose This study aims to provide empirical evidence of how the five disciplines of learning organization introduced by Senge (1990) are practiced and how it could cultivate self-directed learning among employees. Design/methodology/approach This qualitative study used a case study approach to get an in-depth understanding of how organizational learning is practiced in an innovative motorcycle-manufacturing company in Indonesia. A total of 30 staff and managers were selected purposively and interviewed by using a semi-structured interview to gain information about their experience in practicing the 5 disciplines in their daily work–life. Among the 30 participants, 11 were at the managerial level and 19 were at the staff level. Data collected were analyzed using a content analysis approach. Findings This study provides empirical evidence of how self-directed learning is cultivated in an organization that applies the five disciplines of learning organization introduced by Senge (1990). This study found that to cultivate self-directed learning, an organization needs to build a working climate where the five disciplines are integrated into daily work–life. Organizations need to ensure that its vision is shared by each of the employee, build synergy for personal mastery and team learning, train their employees to continuously refine their mental models and improve their ability to think using a systems approach. Practical implications The implications and recommendations arising from this study, first, provide insight to managers and human resource (HR) practitioners about the importance of creating a conducive working environment for learning. Moreover, with learning facilities in the era of industrial revolution 4.0, organizations need to shift their attention on how to transfer the responsibility of learning to the hands of the employees and HR practitioners should focus on providing more opportunities for employees to direct their own learning. Second, to support a learning environment that is conducive for cultivating self-directedness in learning requires commitment from top leaders in the organization. Originality/value This study observed that Senge’s approach to organizational learning focuses heavily on the individual’s processes and the interactions between them. Further studies are suggested to integrate knowledge management, particularly on how new knowledge is gained, stored, created, used and disseminated under the five pillars of the learning organization. It is also recommended to look at a broader perspective, such as the role of technology in intensifying learning and the role of strategic leadership in learning.

ABSTRAK Penurunan profit bisnis kecil akibat implikasi ekonomi pasca pandemi COVID-19. Persoalan struktur permodalan menjadi kendala dalam mempertahankan dan meningkatkan usahanya secara terus menerus seiring kerubahan zaman. Koperasi Syariah sebagai salah satu lembaga keuangan Islam yang keislaman lebih dekat secara eksistensi maupun teritorial dengan masyarakat tingkat bawah sehingga menjadi alternatif pengembangan usaha masyarakat secara syariah sesuai persyaratan yang diberikan. Studi ini bertujuan untuk untuk menganalisis pengaruh literasi keuangan syariah dalam sikap, pengaruh sosial dan self-efficacy terhadap perilaku pemanfaatan produk koperasi syariah di Indonesia. Studi kuantitatif survey online dengan melibatkan 280 calon anggota koperasi syariah yang membutuhkan pembiayaan dan merupakan pemilik UMKM dijalankan dengan teknik analisis SEM PLS. Hasil studi menunjukkan pengaruh literasi keuangan terhadap sikap, pengaruh sosial dan self-efficacy lalu dilanjutkan arah jalur dukungan hipotesis terhadap niat untuk memilih Koperasi Syariah sebagai solusi kebutuhan finansial UMKM ditemukan. Strategi manajerial khususnya pemasaran dikembangkan dengan mempertimbangkan efek sikap positif, pengaruh sosial dan efikasi diri calon anggota sebagai pemilik bisnis atau produk keuangan syariah yang akan mereka tawarkan kepada pelanggan mereka akan berkontribusi pada pertumbuhan sektor UMKM khususnya UMKM Generasi Millenial dan UMKM Hijau di Indonesia melalui upaya promosi dan kerjasama. Kata Kunci: ASE Model, Ekonomi Islam, Koperasi Syariah, Pemberdayaan, UMKM. ABSTRACT The decline in small business profits due to the post-COVID-19 pandemic economy. The issue of capital structure is an obstacle in maintaining and increasing development continuously in line with the changing times. Sharia cooperatives as one of the Islamic financial institutions are closer in existence and territorially to the lower level of society so that they become an alternative for community business development in accordance with the requirements given. This study aims to analyze the effect of Islamic financial literacy on attitudes, social influence and self-efficacy on the application of Islamic cooperative products in Indonesia. Quantitative study of online surveys involving 280 prospective members of Islamic cooperatives who need financing and are MSME owners carried out with the PLS SEM analysis technique. The results of the study show the effect of financial literacy on attitudes, social influence and self-efficacy, then choosing the direction of hypothesis support for the intention to find Islamic Cooperatives as a solution to the financial needs of MSMEs. 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ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi bagaimana pengalaman donasi para donatur milenial muslim, dengan fokus utama untuk mengetahui rasionalitas donatur konsumen yang mendasari pengalaman donasi. Metode Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) dilakukan untuk menggambarkan dinamika milenial muslim dalam memulai berdonasi, mengembangkan niat, dan mengidentifikasi alternatif penyaluran donasi. Sepuluh peserta dipilih dari Semarang, Jawa Tengah, Indonesia, menggunakan purposive-sampling dengan kriteria dan persyaratan yang telah ditentukan untuk memilih partisipan. Data wawancara dianalisis dengan menggunakan teknik deskriptif kualitatif tipe naratif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa altruisme dan spiritualitas mendorong pemberian sumbangan. Donatur tidak mengharapkan adanya timbal balik dari penerima, pemahaman ini kemudian dimaknai sebagai altruisme. Dari perspektif agama, donasi merupakan bentuk ketaatan kepada Tuhan dengan menjalankan apa yang diperintahkan dan hanya mengharapkan balasan-Nya. Semua partisipan adalah pemeluk agama Islam, sehingga motivasi berdasarkan nilai-nilai spiritual hanya terbatas pada keyakinan satu agama dan secara umum tidak dapat mewakili banyak keyakinan. Temuan selanjutnya, ada transformasi donasi dari donasi langsung, ke lembaga donor dan yang terbaru melalui teknologi digital yang bisa menjadi fokus penelitian di masa depan. Kata Kunci: Altruisme, Perilaku Donasi, Donatur Milenial, Interpretative Phenomenology Analysis. ABSTRACT This study explores the donation experience of Muslim millennial donors, with the main focus on discovering the consumer donor rationality underlying donation experience. The Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) method was conducted to depict the dynamics of Muslim millennials in starting a money donation, developing intention, and identifying the alternative distribution for donations. Ten participants were chosen from Semarang, Central Java, Indonesia, using purposive sampling with predetermined criteria and requirements for selecting participants. The interview data were then analyzed using a narrative type of descriptive qualitative technique. The research results show that altruism and spirituality encourage donation-making. Donors do not expect any reciprocity from the recipient; this understanding is interpreted as altruism. From a religious perspective, this is a form of the donor's obedience to God by carrying out what was ordered and only expecting the reward. All participants are adherents of Islam, so motivation based on spiritual values only focuses on the beliefs of one religion and cannot generally represent many beliefs. Further findings show a transformation of donations from direct donations to donor agencies and, most recently, through digital technology, focusing on future research. Keywords: Altruism, Donation Behavior, Millennial Donor, Interpretative Phenomenology Analysis. REFERENCES Anik, L., Aknin, L. B., Norton, M. I., & Dunn, E. W. (2009). Feeling good about giving: The benefits (and costs) of self-interested charitable behavior. Harvard Business School Marketing Unit Working Paper, 10-012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1444831 Aufa S, F. N. (2018). Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi keputusan donatur dalam menyalurkan infaq via social networking site (SNS) (Studi pada masyarakat kota Malang). Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa FEB Universitas Brawijaya, 7(1), 1-11. Bjalkebring, P., Västfjäll, D., Dickert, S., & Slovic, P. (2016). Greater emotional gain from giving in older adults: Age-related positivity bias in charitable giving. 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Introduction: The Company claims that the product is finally categorized as environmentally friendly, but industrial entities do not provide sufficient explanation regarding their efforts to reduce environmental degradation. Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to determine influence of the green innovation on financial performance as well as through environmental dynamism as a moderating variable. Method: The data used in this research are secondary data involving 246 companies listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange for the period 2012-2018. The data used in this study were analyzing using partial least square and carried out with the help of software Warp PLS 6.0. Finding: The result show that the green innovation has a positive significant effect on financial performance. Originality: The result also show environmental dynamism strengthens of green innovation on financial performance

The purpose of this study is to examine the psychological aspects of the main character in the novel “Si Anak Pelangi” by Tere Liye. Moreover, this study also investigates the value of character education and its relevance to learning Indonesian in elementary school. The research method uses a descriptive qualitative approach. The data was the document of the novel which was analyzed using content analysis method. The results of this study are related to the Haberman's humanistic psychological theory, namely (1) technical learning, (2) practical learning, and (3) emancipatory learning. In addition, there are several values of character education such as (1) hard work in the form of doing activities diligently and accompanied by sincere intentions, (2) politeness in speech and behavior, (3) giving awards by sincerely accepting someone's gift, (4 ) positive, in acting both in sports and interacting with others, and (5) being patient in dealing with insults. This study concludes that this novel has suitable content for elementary school students since it contains positive values and educating characters.

This study aims to determine the level of financial literacy in S1 Sarjanawiyata Tamansiswa University students using the scientific method (scientific method) that is to build one or more hypotheses based on a structure or theoretical framework which then tests the hypothesis empirically. The scientific method in this study uses a qualitative approach that is a research approach that works with numbers, the data in the form of numbers (scores or values, ranks and frequencies) are then analyzed using statistics to answer research questions or hypotheses that are specific in nature and make predictions that a certain variable affects a variable the other. The objects in this study are S1 Students at Sarjanawiyata Tamansiswa Faculty of Economics (Accounting and Management), and Non-Economic Faculties, among others: Family Welfare Empowerment (PKK), Indonesian Language and Literature Education (PBSI), English Language Education (PBI), Education Physics, Mathematics Education, Mechanical Engineering Education (PTM), Agribusiness, Agrotechnology, Elementary School Teacher Education (PGSD), Science Education, Fine Arts, Industrial Engineering, Civil Engineering, and Psychology. This study also aims to determine whether there is a relationship between age, gender, GPA, study program, year of entry, residence status, parental education and parental income to the level of financial literacy of Sarjanawiyata University Tamansiswa students. This study used a sample of 263 students including the Faculty Economics as many as 100 people and Non-Economics Faculty as many as 163 people. In the results of the analysis of the level of student financial literacy there are results that are 7 (0.2%) High category students, 209 (79%) Medium category students, 44 (1.8%) Low category students, and 3 (0.1 %) The category of students is very low, besides age, GPA, study program, year of entry, and parents' income have an influence on student financial literacy, while gender and parent's education have no influence on student financial literacy.

ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peran dari store image terhadap repurchase intention pada Karita Muslim Square Surabaya yang di mediasi dengan customer satisfaction. Sampel yang digunakan yaitu 131 responden yang pernah melakukan pembelian di Karita Muslim Square Surabaya. Pengujian menggunakan SEM-PLS dengan konstruk pertama yang menunjukkan hasil yang tidak valid, sehingga pengujian dilanjutkan dengan pengujian konstruk kedua dengan mengeliminasi beberapa indikator, sehingga hasil evaluasi menunjukkan bahwa antar variabel dalam konstruk secara langsung memiliki pengaruh yang positif signifikan. Sedangkan secara tidak langsung customer satisfaction menunjukkan hubungan yang positif signifikan dalam memediasi store image terhadap repurchase intention. Sehingga customer satisfaction memiliki peran partial mediation dalam peneltian ini. Penelitian ini diharapkan memiliki manfaat bagi perusahaan terkait maupun sejenis agar mampu melihat segala peluang yang ada disekitar dengan memanfaatkan setiap komponen maupun dimensi citra toko agar dapat dimanfaatkan secara maksimal untuk mencapai tujuan dari tiap-tiap perusahaan. Kata Kunci: Store Image, Customer satisfaction, Repurchase intention, Islamic Retail. ABSTRACT This study aims to determine the role of store image on repurchase intention at Karita Muslim Square Surabaya which is mediated by customer satisfaction. The sample used is 131 respondents who have purchased at Karita Muslim Square Surabaya. The test uses SEM-PLS with the first construct showing invalid results, so the test is continued with the second construct testing by eliminating several indicators, the evaluation results show that the variables in the construct directly have a significant positive effect. Meanwhile, customer satisfaction indirectly shows a significant positive relationship in mediating store image on repurchase intention. So customer satisfaction has a partial mediation role in this research. This research is expected to have benefits for related and similar companies so they are able to see all the opportunities that exist by utilizing every component and dimension of the store image so they can be utilized optimally to achieve the goals of each company. Keywords: Store Image, Customer satisfaction, Repurchase intention, Islamic retail. DAFTAR PUSTAKA Akter, S., & Ashraf, E. (2016). Factors affecting repurchase intention of customers: In the context of retail chain store industry in Bangladesh. European Journal of Business and Management, 8(32), 40–47. Bray, J. (2008). Consumer behaviour theory: Approaches and models. Unpublished Discussion paper. 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Religious tolerance is a supporter of social harmony and brings a country to a better life. Instilling tolerance in early childhood is a challenge for early childhood educators. This study aims to describe the transformation of religious tolerance values ​​by teachers in early childhood education. This research is a type of qualitative case study research model with researchers as observer participants. This research produces the following findings, that (1) transformation of tolerance values ​​among religious communities, is explicitly not taught in Early Childhood Education (ECE) on the grounds that all students are of the same religion, (2) transformation of tolerance of values among religious students taught through learning integrated with other lessons, (3) although explicitly the values ​​of tolerance among religious students are not taught, but the values ​​of togetherness such as greeting, sharing something that is owned, and helping the needs of other students are taught by practicing at the same time. Keywords: Early Childhood Education, Tolerance Values in Religion References: Adams, K. (2019). Navigating the spaces of children’s spiritual experiences: influences of tradition(s), multidisciplinarity and perceptions. International Journal of Children’s Spirituality, 24(1), 29–43. https://doi.org/10.1080/1364436X.2019.1619531 Adams, K., Bull, R., & Maynes, M. L. (2016). Early childhood spirituality in education: Towards an understanding of the distinctive features of young children’s spirituality. European Early Childhood Education Research Journal, 24(5), 760–774. https://doi.org/10.1080/1350293X.2014.996425 Atamturk, N. (2018). The role of English as a foreign language classes in tolerance education in relation to school management practices. Quality and Quantity, 52, 1167–1177. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11135-017-0575-7 Banerjee, K., & Bloom, P. (2015). “Everything Happens for a Reason”: Children’s Beliefs About Purpose in Life Events. Child Development, 86(2), 503–518. https://doi.org/10.1111/cdev.12312 Bano, M., & Ferra, E. (2018). Family versus school effect on individual religiosity: Evidence from Pakistan. International Journal of Educational Development, 59(August 2017), 35–42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijedudev.2017.10.015 Coleman, E. B., & Eds, K. W. (2011). Religious Tolerance, Education and the Curriculum. In Religious Tolerance, Education and the Curriculum. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-6091-412-6 Elza, Y., Handini, M. C., & Abdurrahman, M. (2018). The Effects of Storytelling Method with Audiovisual Media and Religiosity toward Clean and Healthy Living Program Behaviour ( CHLB ) of Early Childhood. International Journal of Multidisciplinary and Current Research, 6(June), 547–552. Ene, I., & Barna, I. (2015). Religious Education and Teachers’ Role in Students’ Formation towards Social Integration. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 180(November 2014), 30–35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.02.081 Ergun, S. J., & Rivas, M. F. (2019). The effect of social roles, religiosity, and values on climate change concern: An empirical analysis for Turkey. Sustainable Development, 27(4), 758–769. https://doi.org/10.1002/sd.1939 Faas, D., Smith, A., & Darmody, M. (2018). Children’s Agency in Multi-Belief Settings: The Case of Community National Schools in Ireland. Journal of Research in Childhood Education, 32(4), 486–500. https://doi.org/10.1080/02568543.2018.1494645 Firdaus, E. (2018). The Learning of Religious Tolerance among Students in Indonesia from the Perspective of Critical Study. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 145(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/145/1/012032 Ganjvar, M. (2019). Islamic Model of Children’s Spiritual Education (CSE); its influence on improvement of communicational behaviour with non-coreligionists. International Journal of Children’s Spirituality, 24(2), 124–139. https://doi.org/10.1080/1364436X.2019.1624254 Granqvist, P., & Nkara, F. (2017). Nature meets nurture in religious and spiritual development. British Journal of Developmental Psychology, 35(1), 142–155. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjdp.12170 Heiphetz, L., Lane, J. D., Waytz, A., & Young, L. L. (2016). How Children and Adults Represent God’s Mind. Cognitive Science, 40(1), 121–144. https://doi.org/10.1111/cogs.12232 King, U. (2013). The spiritual potential of childhood: Awakening to the fullness of life. International Journal of Children’s Spirituality, 18(1), 4–17. https://doi.org/10.1080/1364436X.2013.776266 Kirschenbaum, H. (2019). Models of Values Education and Moral Education in the Era of the Fourth Industrial Revolution. 8(2), 103–109. Lehtonen, M. (2019). The Development of Religious Tolerance: Co-operative Board Games with Children and Adolescents. IATL Reinvention: An International Journal of Undergraduate Research, 2(2). Retrieved from https://warwick.ac.uk/fac/cross_fac/iatl/reinvention/ Łowicki, P., & Zajenkowski, M. (2019). Empathy and Exposure to Credible Religious Acts during Childhood Independently Predict Religiosity. International Journal for the Psychology of Religion, 00(00), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1080/10508619.2019.1672486 Maussen, M., Bader, V., Dobbernack, J., Modood, T., Olsen, T. V., Fox, J., & Vidra, Z. (2012). Tolerance and cultural diversity in schools Comparative report. Amsterdam. Miedema, S., & Bertram-Troost, G. (2008). Democratic citizenship and religious education: Challenges and perspectives for schools in the Netherlands. British Journal of Religious Education, 30(2), 123–132. https://doi.org/10.1080/01416200701830970 Moore, D. . (2007). Overcoming Religious Illiteracy: A Cultural Studies Approach to the Study of Religion in Secondary Education. US: Palgrave Macmillan. Niculescu, R. M., & Norel, M. (2013). Religious Education an Important Dimension of Human’s Education. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 93, 338–342. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.09.200 Pandya, S. P. (2019). Spiritual education programme (SEP) for enhancing the quality of life of kindergarten school children. Pastoral Care in Education, 37(1), 59–72. https://doi.org/10.1080/02643944.2018.1562493 Parekh, B. (2019). Ethnocentric Political Theory. Ethnocentric Political Theory, 263–284. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-11708-5 Sari, A. D. P., & Indartono, S. (2019). Teaching Religious Tolerance Through Social Studies Education Based On Multicultural Approach. 323(ICoSSCE 2018), 214–219. https://doi.org/10.2991/icossce-icsmc-18.2019.40 Scheiner, P. (2015). Crossings and Crosses: Borders, Educations, and Religions in Northern Europe. Boston/Berlin: Walter de Gruyter Inc. Scott, K. (2014). Inviting young adults to come out religiously, institutionally and traditionally. Religious Education, 109(4), 471–484. https://doi.org/10.1080/00344087.2014.924790 Stockinger, H. (2019). Developing spirituality–an equal right of every child? International Journal of Children’s Spirituality, 24(3), 307–319. https://doi.org/10.1080/1364436X.2019.1646218 Thibodeau, R. B., Brown, M. M., Nancarrow, A. F., Elpers, K. E., & Gilpin, A. T. (2018). Conceptual Similarities among Fantasy and Religious Orientations: A Developmental Perspective. Journal of Cognition and Culture, 18(1–2), 31–46. https://doi.org/10.1163/15685373-12340021 Tratner, A. E., Sela, Y., Lopes, G. S., Ehrke, A. D., Weekes-Shackelford, V. A., & Shackelford, T. K. (2017). Individual differences in childhood religious experiences with peers. Personality and Individual Differences, 119, 73–77. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2017.06.045 UNESCO. (2015). Second UNESCO Forum on Global Citizenship Education: Building Peaceful and Sustainable Societies (Paris, 28-30 January 2015). Final Report. (January), 1–22. Retrieved from http://www.unesco.org/new/fileadmin/MULTIMEDIA/HQ/ED/pdf/FinalReport-GCED_21April.pdf Uzefovsky, F., Döring, A. K., & Knafo-Noam, A. (2016). Values in Middle Childhood: Social and Genetic Contributions. Social Development, 25(3), 482–502. https://doi.org/10.1111/sode.12155 Van Der Walt, J. L. (2014). Towards an instrument for measuring religious tolerance among educators and their students worldwide (Potchefstroom Campus-North-West University). Retrieved from https://www.driestar-educatief.nl/medialibrary/Driestar/Engelse-website/Documenten/2014-VanderWalt-Measuring-religious-tolerance-in-education.pdf Yulianti, E., Sutarto, J., & Sugiyo. (2019). Sentra Nasima Learning Strategies to Enhance Religious Nationalist Characters in Kindergarten. Journal of Primary Education, 8(69), 238–247.

ABSTRACT The Impact of Listening to Music on Relaxation Condition. This study was conducted to identify the effectiveness of passively using instrumental music in stimulating subjects to reach relaxation. Music has been used for centuries in association with trance condition. Currently, the use has been developing, including in the realm of hypnosis or "brainwashing". The notion that music can affect listeners' self-control has become a well-known topic like the concepts of automatic responses and conditioned reflexes that form the basis of psychological models of musical stimulation. Relaxation as one of the achievements of hypnotherapy in which music has a role in the presence of 'physiological psychology' as a physical reflex phenomenon in response to sounds. The sound of gong – Indonesian traditional musical instrument – and tuning forks have been widely used to induce hypnotic trances to conditioned reflex – automatic responses to sounds that have physiological effects through the conscious mind. In the 1770s, Mesmer, a German doctor, combined the recovery process of his patients with the theory that the universe was deliberately manipulated used in health-related matters. The presence of hypnotism to gain relaxation was considered to be embodied from this treatment known as 'magnetic sleep'. The concept of magnetism was understood as a 'sympathetic vibration' which had something in common with music and it was believed that this condition can be communicated, transmitted and amplified through sounds. In subsequent developments, conventional musical instruments such as piano, violin, and harp were used which further strengthened the perspective of the previous theory. Nevertheless, hardly did the people use local traditional musical instruments or culture, such as gamelan. In this study the authors implemented experimental curation approach with one post-test design only for the same subject group. The authors picked sample consisting of adolescents with no hearing or health problems after being examined. The total sample of N = 10 were given passive musical intervention by listening through compositions of the sound sources and nuances Javanese gamelan nuances, then measurements were taken through self-report questionnaire and integrated group discussion. The results of the study indicate that attaining relaxed condition can reduce subjective stress through listening to music, thereby allowing a temporary reduction in somatic symptoms.ABSTRAK Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengidentifikasi efektivitas penggunaan musik instrumental secara pasif dalam menstimuli subjek agar dapat mencapai kondisi rilaksasi. Musik telah berabad lamanya digunakan dalam asosiasinya dengan kondisi trans dan saat ini pemanfaatannya makin berkembang termasuk ke ranah hypnosis atau “cuci otak”. Gagasan bahwa musik dapat memengaruhi pengendalian diri pendengar telah menjadi tema yang makin dikenal seperti konsep respons otomatis dan refleks terkondisi yang menjadi dasar model psikologi ketika terjadi stimuli musik. Rilaksasi sebagai salah satu capaian hipnoterapi dan musik memiliki peran dengan hadirnya 'psikologi fisiologis' sebagai fenomena refleks fisik merespons suara. Mulai dari suara gong dan garpu tala banyak digunakan untuk menginduksi trans hipnosis hingga ke refleks terkondisi, respons otomatis terhadap suara yang berefek pada fisiologis melalui pikiran sadar. Pada 1770-an, Mesmer, seorang dokter kebangsaan Jerman telah menggabungkan penyembuhan pasiennya dengan teori alam semesta yang secara terencana dimanipulasi untuk digunakan dalam kaitannya dengan kesehatan. Kehadiran hipnotisme untuk mencapai rilaksasi juga dianggap lahir dari perlakuan tersebut yang dikenal dengan istilah ‘magnetic sleep’. Konsep magnetisme dipahami sebagai sebuah 'getaran simpatik' yang memiliki kesamaan dengan musik dan dipercaya kondisi tersebut dapat dikomunikasikan, disebarkan, serta diperkuat melalui suara. Pada perkembangan selanjutnya digunakan alat musik konvensional seperti piano, biola, dan harpa yang makin memperkuat pandangan teori sebelumnya. Namun demikian, hanya sebagian kecil yang menggunakan alat atau kultur musik tradisi setempat seperti, gamelan. Metode penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kurasi eksperimen dengan rancangan one post-test design only pada kelompok subjek yang sama. Sampel dalam penelitian terdiri dari remaja yang telah dilakukan asesmen tanpa memiliki gangguan pendengaran atau kesehatan tertentu. Total sampel sebanyak N=10 diberi intervensi musik secara pasif dengan cara mendengarkan melalui komposisi berdasarkan sumber suara dan nuansa gamelan Jawa kemudian dilakukan pengukuran melalui kuesioner self-report serta diskusi kelompok terpadu. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pencapaian kondisi rileks dapat mengurangi stres subjektif melalui mendengarkan musik sehingga memungkinkan berkurangnya gejala somatik hingga beberapa saat.

Individuals with COVID-19 and no symptoms, known as asymptomatic carriers, are found mostly in the community. Testing is very important to help reduce the spread of COVID-19. This study aimed to detect virus and antibodies of SARSCoV-2 in healthy Indonesian volunteers. In September 2020, 45 healthy volunteers participated were taken nasopharyngeal/ oropharyngeal swabs to detect the virus SARS-CoV-2 using RT-PCR, and blood samples to detect antibodies qualitatively by three rapid tests (Vazyme, Clugene, and RIGHA kits) and quantitatively by ELISA tests. Among healthy volunteers, COVID-19 asymptomatic carriers who have RT-PCR positive were 16% (7/45) with average of Ct 36.14. The seroprevalence of total SARS-CoV-2 antibodies (IgM and/or IgG) in RT-PCR positivity (asymptomatic carriers) detected by vazyme, clugene and RIGHA kits was 86%, 76% and 52%, respectively and was higher than the negative group (34, 21 and 24%). SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody titers in the group that were positive for IgM and/or IgG (detected in at least one rapid test) by ELISA was averaged 109.76 ± 114.14 BAU/ml and significantly higher in negative group with titer of 11.45 ± 9.87 BAU/ ml. High titer of SARS-CoV-2 IgG anti-RBD antibodies was resulted in consistent positive in three rapid tests (vazyme, clugene, and RIGHA) compared to lower titer. Our findings suggest that healthy individuals with virus and/or antibodies of SARS-CoV-2 may have been infected recently or in the past. Antibody-positive results detected in healthy volunteers by three rapid tests were more common in asymptomatic carriers, and had higher titer antibody

Purpose This study aims to acknowledge that most Indonesian small and medium enterprises (SMEs) experience slow growth. It highlighted that this sluggishness is because of some falsification of Indonesia’s ecological psychology. It focuses on investigating the situated cognition that probably supports this falsification, such as affordance, a community of practice, embodiment and the legitimacy of peripheral participation situated cognition and social intelligence theories. Design/methodology/approach This study obtained data from published newspapers between October 2016 and February 2019. The authors used the Waikato Environment for Knowledge Analysis and the J48 C.45 algorithm. The authors analyzed the data using the emergence of news probability for both the Government of Indonesia (GoI) and Indonesian society and the situated cognition concerning the improvement of the SMEs. The authors inferred ecological psychology from these published newspapers in Indonesia that the engaged actions were still suppressed, in comparison with being and doing. Findings This study contributes to the innovation and leadership policies of the SMEs’ managerial systems and the GoI. After this study identified the backward-looking practices, which the GoI and the people of Indonesia held, this study recommended some policies to help create a forward-looking orientation. The second one is also a policy for the GoI, which needs to reduce the discrepancy between the signified and the signifier, as recommended by the structuralist theory. The last one is suggested by the social learning theory; policies are needed that relate to developing the SMEs’ beliefs, attitudes and behavior. It means that the GoI should prepare the required social contexts, which are in motoric production and reinforcement. Explicitly, the authors argue that the GoI facilitates SMEs by emphasizing the internal learning process. Research limitations/implications The authors present some possibilities for the limitations of this research. The authors took into account that this study assumes the SMEs are all the same, without industrial clustering. It considers that the need for social learning and social cognition by the unclustered industries is equal. Second, the authors acknowledge that Indonesia is an emerging country, and its economic structure has three levels of contributors; the companies listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange, then the SMEs and the lowest level is the underground economy. Third, the authors did not distinguish the levels of success for the empowerment programs that are conducted by either the GoI or the local governments. This study recognizes that the authors did not measure success levels. It means that the authors only focused on the knowledge content. Practical implications From these pieces of evidence, this study constructed its strategies. The authors offer three kinds of policies. The first is the submission of special allocation funds from which the GoI and local governments develop their budgets for the SMEs’ social learning and social cognition. The second is the development of social learning and social cognition’s curricula for both the SMEs’ owners and executive officers. The third is the need for a national knowledge repository for all the Indonesian SMEs. This repository is used for the dissemination of knowledge. Originality/value This study raises argumental novelties with some of the critical reasoning. First, the authors argue that the sluggishness of the Indonesian SMEs is because of some fallacies in their social cognition. This social cognition is derived from the cultural knowledge that the GoI and people of Indonesia disclosed in the newspapers. This study shows the falsifications from the three main perspectives of the structuration, structuralist and social learning theories. Second, this study can elaborate on the causal factor for the sluggishness of Indonesia’s SMEs, which can be explained by philosophical science, especially its fallacies (Hundleby, 2010; Magnus and Callender, 2004). The authors expand the causal factors for each gap in every theory, which determined the SMEs’ sluggishness through the identification of inconsistencies in each dimension of their structuration, structuralism and social learning. This study focused on the fallacy of philosophical science that explains the misconceptions about the SMEs’ improvement because of faulty reasoning, which causes the wrong moves to be made in the future (Dorr, 2017; Pielke, 1999).

English has been the first foreign language taught in the secondary schools in Indonesia since 1946, a year after its independence in 1945, which means that the teaching of English as a foreign language (TEFL) in Indonesia has run for almost 75 years. As the world has experienced the Industrial Revolution 4.0 since 2011 with its three principal characteristics that lie greatly on the employment of technology: innovation, automation, and information transfer, some reinforcement and enhancement need to be taken for the teachers of English to adjust with the current development, which basically centres upon the teachers’ professional and pedagogic competences. The former includes the proficiency of the four English language skills: listening, speaking, reading and writing (language performance), and the mastery of the four English language components: grammar, vocabulary, spelling and pronouncing systems (language competence). The latter includes the theories of learning from the perspectives of functional- physiological, behaviouristic, cognitive/gestalt, and constructive-humanistic psychology and the insight and knowledge of innovative learning, such as digital learning, blended learning, and neuro-science-based learning. Furthermore, the latter also includes the knowledge of contemporary learning theories or alternative learning theories, such as transformative learning, disruptive learning, connectivism learning, and multiple intelligences theories. English teachers equipped with the content of the two competences can most likely face the challenges and changes of the 21st century. Keywords: professional and pedagogic competences, learning theories, contemporary learning theories

AbstractA bonus is an additional annual incentive for labour, as part of remuneration package systems, that goes hand-in-hand with a tantième for boards of commissioners and directors. This practical business is common in industrial relations for maintaining a spirit of productivity and loyalty. However, practices to distribute bonuses remain undisclosed and unknown, according to the views of labour. Without an earlier mutual agreement between parties, consisting of labour representatives and management, management unilaterally decides a specific bonus formulation that takes effect immediately. The management ignored suggestions and advice from labour as its partner; worse, there were no discussions between parties in advance. There are no equal labour and management rights to build a better industrial relations climate. We employed mixed methods and conducted multidisciplinary studies to determine cluster and bonus pool allocation with relevant peers to investigate how to build a fair bonus formulation. We adopted a target-based method rather than an outcome-based framework after several exercises. The most important finding is that the bonus formulation, configured from the annual bonus, utilised three underpinning percentiles (P): P-25, P-50, and P-75 implying the lowest, medium, and highest total remuneration for labour, respectively. We determine that success indicators in developing fair bonus formulation stand on how high total remuneration has been achieved by labour towards the median level of peers. The higher the value passed over the median line, the higher the success rate. The present findings contribute to building fair annual bonus formulations in the cement sector; however, other industrial sectors can use them with adequate adjustments.

A sustainable partnership strategy is essential in supporting the government's link and super match program in Indonesia. The partnership between vocational high schools and industry has a significant impact in producing competent graduates according to the needs of the world of work. However, the fact is that many schools and industries only form partnerships as a formality so that effective and efficient partnerships are not created, which has an impact on the program's discontinuity. Therefore, it is interesting to explore this issue more deeply about how the partnership strategy of vocational high schools and their partner industries can establish sustainable partnerships. The research method used is a single case study. Researchers collected data through in-depth interviews obtained through seven informants from schools and five informants from partner industries and conducted document studies to support sources of evidence. The results show that a sustainable partnership strategy requires (1) intrinsic motivation, (2) accommodation capability, (3) acculturation of industrial values, (4) mutual commitment, and (5) determination of program activities. These five points are the key to establishing a sustainable partnership between vocational high schools and their partner industries.

Tujuan dalam penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui Peran Komitmen organisasional yang terdiri dari komitment afektif, normative, dan kontinuan dan Kompensasi baik itu kompensasi finansial dan non-finansial terhadap Kepuasan kerja dengan moderasi Budaya organisasi sebagai variabel penguat atau memperlemah pada karyawan PT.PLN (Persero) Unit Induk Wilayah Kalimantan Barat. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah 200 orang karyawan dan data yang dapat di olah sebanyak 200 sampel. PT.PLN (Persero) Unit Induk Wilayah Kalimantan Barat. Data dianalisis menggunakan WrapPls 6.0 dan SPSS 16 untuk menguji Uji asumsi Normalitas dan Linieritas.Hasil penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa komitmen organisasi berpengaruh positif terhadap kepuasan kerja karyawan PT.PLN (Persero) Unit Induk Wilayah Kalimantan Barat. Kompensasi juag berpengaruh positif terhadap kepuasan kerja karyawan PT.PLN (Persero) Unit Induk Wilayah Kalimantan Barat. Selain itu Budaya sebagai variabel moderasi memiliki hubungan yang signifikan sebagai moderasi antar hubungan komitmen organisasional terhadap kepuasan kerja, tetapi tidak memoderasi hubungan kompensasi terhadap kepuasan kerja. Kata Kunci : komitmen organisasional,kompensasi,kepuasan kerja dan budaya organisasiDAFTAR PUSTAKA Adeniji, A. A., & Osibanjo, A. O., (2012). Human Resource Management: Theory & Practice.Lagos, Nigeria: Pumark Nigeria Limited. Allen N J, & Meyer J P., (1990). The measurement & antecedents of affective, Continuance & normative commitment to the organization. Jurnal of Occupational Psychology (1990), 63, 1-18 Printed in great Britain 1990 the British Psychological Society.Allen N J, & Meyer J P., (1996). Affective, Continuance, & Normative Commitment to the Organization: An Examination of Construct Validity. 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Indonesia is one of the top three countries in the world for fisher fatalities due to a lack of stability monitoring, poor vessel design, and the fishers’ poor safety culture. Improved safety through technology, in particular stability awareness, has been identified as a key aspect to prevent capsizing and sinking. Despite the low technology uptake by Indonesian fishers, they are known to make extensive use of smart mobile phones as a primary form of communication. These phones are equipped with various sensors, including motion sensors that can be used by different mobile applications. This paper proposes the use of a mobile application to aid Indonesian fishers in assessing the stability of their vessel by using results from a roll decay test or realtime roll motion data monitored when operating at sea. For the pre-departure test, the mobile application uses the onboard gyroscope to record the roll angle time series which can then be used to quantify the roll period. An offline calculation is then carried out to approximate the vessel’s metacentric height. This is then visually presented using a traffic light system to provide the fishermen with a simple indication of whether the vessel is stable or not. Should the boat be unstable, additional guidance is provided to improve the vessel’s stability. The realtime monitoring system alerts the fishers when the thresholds are exceeded, to ensure realtime awareness of increased risk to the stability of the vessel.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis pengaruh keadilan organisasional terhadap kinerja pegawai di UPT PPD Wilayah Provinsi Kalimantan Barat dan melalui kepuasan kerja sebagai variable mediatornya. Populasi penelitian ini adalah seluruh pegawai Kantor di UPT PPD Wilayah Provinsi Kalimantan Barat yang berjumlah 100 orang. Metode pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan kuesioner. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah Path Analysis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Keadilan distributif tidak berpengaruh terhadap kepuasan kerja tetapi Keadilan procedural dan interaksional berpengaruh langsung dan signifikan terhadap kepuasan kerja. Temuan penelitian selanjutnya keadilan distributif dan prosedural tidak berpengaruh terhadap kinerja tetapi keadilan interaksional dan kepuasan kerja berpengaruh langsung dan signifikan terhadap kinerja.Kata Kunci : Keadilan Organisasi, Kepuasan Kerja dan Kinerja PegawaiDAFTAR PUSTAKA A.A. Anwar Prabu Mangkunegara. 2009. 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Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menguji dan menganalisis implikasi dari praktek sumber daya manusia yang terdiri dari perencanaan karir, pelatihan dan penilaian kinerja terhadap kepuasan kerja dan kinerja karyawan pada Kantor Distrik Navigasi Kelas III Pontianak. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif dengan pendekatan korelasi, atau juga penelitian yang dirancang untuk menentukan tingkat hubungan variabel-variabel yang berbeda dalam suatu populasi. Sampel dari penelitian ini berjumlah 130 responden dari karyawan pada Kantor Distrik Navigasi Kelas III Pontianak. Metode pengambilan sampel dalam penelitian ini dilakukan dengan sampel jenuh. Data diperoleh melalui kuesioner, kemudian dianalisis dengan menggunakan model jalur (path) dengan menggunakan software SPSS versi 20.0 untuk windows. Berdasarkan temuan ini, disarankan kepada pimpinan untuk meningkatkan kepuasan kerja atau secara langsung dapat meningkatkan kinerja karyawan. 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About half way through Yann Arthus-Bertrand’s film Home (2009) the narrator describes the fall of the Rapa Nui, the indigenous people of the Easter Islands. The narrator posits that the Rapa Nui culture collapsed due to extensive environmental degradation brought about by large-scale deforestation. The Rapa Nui cut down their massive native forests to clear spaces for agriculture, to heat their dwellings, to build canoes and, most importantly, to move their enormous rock sculptures—the Moai. The disappearance of their forests led to island-wide soil erosion and the gradual disappearance of arable land. Caught in the vice of overpopulation but with rapidly dwindling basic resources and no trees to build canoes, they were trapped on the island and watched helplessly as their society fell into disarray. The sequence ends with the narrator’s biting remark: “The real mystery of the Easter Islands is not how its strange statues got there, we know now; it's why the Rapa Nui didn't react in time.” In their unrelenting desire for development, the Rapa Nui appear to have overlooked the role the environment plays in maintaining a society. The island’s Moai accompanying the sequence appear as memento mori, a lesson in the mortality of human cultures brought about by their own misguided and short-sighted practices. Arthus-Bertrand’s Home, a film composed almost entirely of aerial photographs, bears witness to present-day environmental degradation and climate change, constructing society as a fragile structure built upon and sustained by the environment. Home is a call to recognise how contemporary practices of post-industrial societies have come to shape the environment and how they may impact the habitability of Earth in the near future. Through reflexivity and a ritualised structure the text invites spectators to look at themselves in a new light and remake their self-image in the wake of global environmental risk by embracing new, alternative core practices based on balance and interconnectedness. Arthus-Bertrand frames climate change not as a burden, but as a moment of profound realisation of the potential for change and humans ability to create a desirable future through hope and our innate capacity for renewal. This article examines how Arthus-Bertrand’s ritualised construction of climate change aims to remake viewers’ perception of present-day environmental degradation and investigates Home’s place in contemporary climate change communication discourse. Climate change, in its capacity to affect us globally, is considered a world risk. The most recent peer-reviewed Synthesis Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change suggests that the concentration of atmospheric greenhouse gases has increased markedly since human industrialisation in the 18th century. Moreover, human activities, such as fossil fuel burning and agricultural practices, are “very likely” responsible for the resulting increase in temperature rise (IPPC 37). The increased global temperatures and the subsequent changing weather patterns have a direct and profound impact on the physical and biological systems of our planet, including shrinking glaciers, melting permafrost, coastal erosion, and changes in species distribution and reproduction patterns (Rosenzweig et al. 353). Studies of global security assert that these physiological changes are expected to increase the likelihood of humanitarian disasters, food and water supply shortages, and competition for resources thus resulting in a destabilisation of global safety (Boston et al. 1–2). Human behaviour and dominant practices of modernity are now on a path to materially impact the future habitability of our home, Earth. In contemporary post-industrial societies, however, climate change remains an elusive, intangible threat. Here, the Arctic-bound species forced to adapt to milder climates or the inhabitants of low-lying Pacific islands seeking refuge in mainland cities are removed from the everyday experience of the controlled and regulated environments of homes, offices, and shopping malls. Diverse research into the mediated and mediatised nature of the environment suggests that rather than from first-hand experiences and observations, the majority of our knowledge concerning the environment now comes from its representation in the mass media (Hamilton 4; Stamm et al. 220; Cox 2). Consequently the threat of climate change is communicated and constructed through the news media, entertainment and lifestyle programming, and various documentaries and fiction films. It is therefore the construction (the representation of the risk in various discourses) that shapes people’s perception and experience of the phenomenon, and ultimately influences behaviour and instigates social response (Beck 213). By drawing on and negotiating society’s dominant discourses, environmental mediation defines spectators’ perceptions of the human-nature relationship and subsequently their roles and responsibilities in the face of environmental risks. Maxwell Boykoff asserts that contemporary modern society’s mediatised representations of environmental degradation and climate change depict the phenomena as external to society’s primary social and economic concerns (449). Julia Corbett argues that this is partly because environmental protection and sustainable behaviour are often at odds with the dominant social paradigms of consumerism, economic growth, and materialism (175). Similarly, Rowan Howard-Williams suggests that most media texts, especially news, do not emphasise the link between social practices, such as consumerist behaviour, and their environmental consequences because they contradict dominant social paradigms (41). The demands contemporary post-industrial societies make on the environment to sustain economic growth, consumer culture, and citizens’ comfortable lives in air-conditioned homes and offices are often left unarticulated. While the media coverage of environmental risks may indeed have contributed to “critical misperceptions, misleading debates, and divergent understandings” (Boykoff 450) climate change possesses innate characteristics that amplify its perception in present-day post-industrial societies as a distant and impersonal threat. Climate change is characterised by temporal and spatial de-localisation. The gradual increase in global temperature and its physical and biological consequences are much less prominent than seasonal changes and hence difficult to observe on human time-scales. Moreover, while research points to the increased probability of extreme climatic events such as droughts, wild fires, and changes in weather patterns (IPCC 48), they take place over a wide range of geographical locations and no single event can be ultimately said to be the result of climate change (Maibach and Roser-Renouf 145). In addition to these observational obstacles, political partisanship, vested interests in the current status quo, and general resistance to profound change all play a part in keeping us one step removed from the phenomenon of climate change. The distant and impersonal nature of climate change coupled with the “uncertainty over consequences, diverse and multiple engaged interests, conflicting knowledge claims, and high stakes” (Lorenzoni et al. 65) often result in repression, rejection, and denial, removing the individual’s responsibility to act. Research suggests that, due to its unique observational obstacles in contemporary post-industrial societies, climate change is considered a psychologically distant event (Pawlik 559), one that is not personally salient due to the “perceived distance and remoteness [...] from one’s everyday experience” (O’Neill and Nicholson-Cole 370). In an examination of the barriers to behaviour change in the face of psychologically distant events, Robert Gifford argues that changing individuals’ perceptions of the issue-domain is one of the challenges of countering environmental inertia—the lack of initiative for environmentally sustainable social action (5). To challenge the status quo a radically different construction of the environment and the human-nature relationship is required to transform our perception of global environmental risks and ultimately result in environmentally consequential social action. Yann Arthus-Bertrand’s Home is a ritualised construction of contemporary environmental degradation and climate change which takes spectators on a rite of passage to a newfound understanding of the human-nature relationship. Transformation through re-imagining individuals’ roles, responsibilities, and practices is an intrinsic quality of rituals. A ritual charts a subjects path from one state of consciousness to the next, resulting in a meaningful change of attitudes (Deflem 8). Through a lifelong study of African rituals British cultural ethnographer Victor Turner refined his concept of rituals in a modern social context. Turner observed that rituals conform to a three-phased processural form (The Ritual Process 13–14). First, in the separation stage, the subjects are selected and removed from their fixed position in the social structure. Second, they enter an in-between and ambiguous liminal stage, characterised by a “partial or complete separation of the subject from everyday existence” (Deflem 8). Finally, imbued with a new perspective of the outside world borne out of the experience of reflexivity, liminality, and a cathartic cleansing, subjects are reintegrated into the social reality in a new, stable state. The three distinct stages make the ritual an emotionally charged, highly personal experience that “demarcates the passage from one phase to another in the individual’s life-cycle” (Turner, “Symbols” 488) and actively shapes human attitudes and behaviour. Adhering to the three-staged processural form of the ritual, Arthus-Bertrand guides spectators towards a newfound understanding of their roles and responsibilities in creating a desirable future. In the first stage—the separation—aerial photography of Home alienates viewers from their anthropocentric perspectives of the outside world. This establishes Earth as a body, and unearths spectators’ guilt and shame in relation to contemporary world risks. Aerial photography strips landscapes of their conventional qualities of horizon, scale, and human reference. As fine art photographer Emmet Gowin observes, “when one really sees an awesome, vast place, our sense of wholeness is reorganised [...] and the body seems always to diminish” (qtd. in Reynolds 4). Confronted with a seemingly infinite sublime landscape from above, the spectator’s “body diminishes” as they witness Earth’s body gradually taking shape. Home’s rushing rivers of Indonesia are akin to blood flowing through the veins and the Siberian permafrost seems like the texture of skin in extreme close-up. Arthus-Bertrand establishes a geocentric embodiment to force spectators to perceive and experience the environmental degradation brought about by the dominant social practices of contemporary post-industrial modernity. The film-maker visualises the maltreatment of the environment through suggested abuse of the Earth’s body. Images of industrial agricultural practices in the United States appear to leave scratches and scars on the landscape, and as a ship crosses the Arctic ice sheets of the Northwest Passage the boat glides like the surgeon’s knife cutting through the uppermost layer of the skin. But the deep blue water that’s revealed in the wake of the craft suggests a flesh and body now devoid of life, a suffering Earth in the wake of global climatic change. Arthus-Bertrand’s images become the sublime evidence of human intervention in the environment and the reflection of present-day industrialisation materially altering the face of Earth. The film-maker exploits spectators’ geocentric perspective and sensibility to prompt reflexivity, provide revelations about the self, and unearth the forgotten shame and guilt in having inadvertently caused excessive environmental degradation. Following the sequences establishing Earth as the body of the text Arthus-Bertrand returns spectators to their everyday “natural” environment—the city. Having witnessed and endured the pain and suffering of Earth, spectators now gaze at the skyscrapers standing bold and tall in the cityscape with disillusionment. The pinnacles of modern urban development become symbols of arrogance and exploitation: structures forced upon the landscape. Moreover, the images of contemporary cityscapes in Home serve as triggers for ritual reflexivity, allowing the spectator to “perceive the self [...] as a distanced ‘other’ and hence achieve a partial ‘self-transcendence’” (Beck, Comments 491). Arthus-Bertrand’s aerial photographs of Los Angeles, New York, and Tokyo fold these distinct urban environments into one uniform fusion of glass, metal, and concrete devoid of life. The uniformity of these cultural landscapes prompts spectators to add the missing element: the human. Suddenly, the homes and offices of desolate cityscapes are populated by none other than us, looking at ourselves from a unique vantage point. The geocentric sensibility the film-maker invoked with the images of the suffering Earth now prompt a revelation about the self as spectators see their everyday urban environments in a new light. Their homes and offices become blemishes on the face of the Earth: its inhabitants, including the spectators themselves, complicit in the excessive mistreatment of the planet. The second stage of the ritual allows Arthus-Bertrand to challenge dominant social paradigms of present day post-industrial societies and introduce new, alternative moral directives to govern our habits and attitudes. Following the separation, ritual subjects enter an in-between, threshold stage, one unencumbered by the spatial, temporal, and social boundaries of everyday existence. Turner posits that a subjects passage through this liminal stage is necessary to attain psychic maturation and successful transition to a new, stable state at the end of the ritual (The Ritual Process 97). While this “betwixt and between” (Turner, The Ritual Process 95) state may be a fleeting moment of transition, it makes for a “lived experience [that] transforms human beings cognitively, emotionally, and morally.” (Horvath et al. 3) Through a change of perceptions liminality paves the way toward meaningful social action. Home places spectators in a state of liminality to contrast geocentric and anthropocentric views. Arthus-Bertrand contrasts natural and human-made environments in terms of diversity. The narrator’s description of the “miracle of life” is followed by images of trees seemingly defying gravity, snow-covered summits among mountain ranges, and a whale in the ocean. Grandeur and variety appear to be inherent qualities of biodiversity on Earth, qualities contrasted with images of the endless, uniform rectangular greenhouses of Almeria, Spain. This contrast emphasises the loss of variety in human achievements and the monotony mass-production brings to the landscape. With the image of a fire burning atop a factory chimney, Arthus-Bertrand critiques the change of pace and distortion of time inherent in anthropocentric views, and specifically in contemporary modernity. Here, the flames appear to instantly eat away at resources that have taken millions of years to form, bringing anthropocentric and geocentric temporality into sharp contrast. A sequence showing a night time metropolis underscores this distinction. The glittering cityscape is lit by hundreds of lights in skyscrapers in an effort, it appears, to mimic and surpass daylight and thus upturn the natural rhythm of life. As the narrator remarks, in our present-day environments, “days are now the pale reflections of nights.” Arthus-Bertrand also uses ritual liminality to mark the present as a transitory, threshold moment in human civilisation. The film-maker contrasts the spectre of our past with possible visions of the future to mark the moment of now as a time when humanity is on the threshold of two distinct states of mind. The narrator’s descriptions of contemporary post-industrial society’s reliance on non-renewable resources and lack of environmentally sustainable agricultural practices condemn the past and warn viewers of the consequences of continuing such practices into the future. Exploring the liminal present Arthus-Bertrand proposes distinctive futurescapes for humankind. On the one hand, the narrator’s description of California’s “concentration camp style cattle farming” suggests that humankind will live in a future that feeds from the past, falling back on frames of horrors and past mistakes. On the other hand, the example of Costa Rica, a nation that abolished its military and dedicated the budget to environmental conservation, is recognition of our ability to re-imagine our future in the face of global risk. Home introduces myths to imbue liminality with the alternative dominant social paradigm of ecology. By calling upon deep-seated structures myths “touch the heart of society’s emotional, spiritual and intellectual consciousness” (Killingsworth and Palmer 176) and help us understand and come to terms with complex social, economic, and scientific phenomena. With the capacity to “pattern thought, beliefs and practices,” (Maier 166) myths are ideal tools in communicating ritual liminality and challenging contemporary post-industrial society’s dominant social paradigms. The opening sequence of Home, where the crescent Earth is slowly revealed in the darkness of space, is an allusion to creation: the genesis myth. Accompanied only by a gentle hum our home emerges in brilliant blue, white, and green-brown encompassing most of the screen. It is as if darkness and chaos disintegrated and order, life, and the elements were created right before our eyes. Akin to the Earthrise image taken by the astronauts of Apollo 8, Home’s opening sequence underscores the notion that our home is a unique spot in the blackness of space and is defined and circumscribed by the elements. With the opening sequence Arthus-Bertrand wishes to impart the message of interdependence and reliance on elements—core concepts of ecology. Balance, another key theme in ecology, is introduced with an allusion to the Icarus myth in a sequence depicting Dubai. The story of Icarus’s fall from the sky after flying too close to the sun is a symbolic retelling of hubris—a violent pride and arrogance punishable by nemesis—destruction, which ultimately restores balance by forcing the individual back within the limits transgressed (Littleton 712). In Arthus-Bertrand’s portrayal of Dubai, the camera slowly tilts upwards on the Burj Khalifa tower, the tallest human-made structure ever built. The construction works on the tower explicitly frame humans against the bright blue sky in their attempt to reach ever further, transgressing their limitations much like the ill-fated Icarus. Arthus-Bertrand warns that contemporary modernity does not strive for balance or moderation, and with climate change we may have brought our nemesis upon ourselves. By suggesting new dominant paradigms and providing a critique of current maxims, Home’s retelling of myths ultimately sees spectators through to the final stage of the ritual. The last phase in the rite of passage “celebrates and commemorates transcendent powers,” (Deflem 8) marking subjects’ rebirth to a new status and distinctive perception of the outside world. It is at this stage that Arthus-Bertrand resolves the emotional distress uncovered in the separation phase. The film-maker uses humanity’s innate capacity for creation and renewal as a cathartic cleansing aimed at reconciling spectators’ guilt and shame in having inadvertently exacerbated global environmental degradation. Arthus-Bertrand identifies renewable resources as the key to redeeming technology, human intervention in the landscape, and finally humanity itself. Until now, the film-maker pictured modernity and technology, evidenced in his portrayal of Dubai, as synonymous with excess and disrespect for the interconnectedness and balance of elements on Earth. The final sequence shows a very different face of technology. Here, we see a mechanical sea-snake generating electricity by riding the waves off the coast of Scotland and solar panels turning towards the sun in the Sahara desert. Technology’s redemption is evidenced in its ability to imitate nature—a move towards geocentric consciousness (a lesson learned from the ritual’s liminal stage). Moreover, these human-made structures, unlike the skyscrapers earlier in the film, appear a lot less invasive in the landscape and speak of moderation and union with nature. With the above examples Arthus-Bertrand suggests that humanity can shed the greed that drove it to dig deeper and deeper into the Earth to acquire non-renewable resources such as oil and coal, what the narrator describes as “treasures buried deep.” The incorporation of principles of ecology, such as balance and interconnectedness, into humanity’s behaviour ushers in reconciliation and ritual cleansing in Home. Following the description of the move toward renewable resources, the narrator reveals that “worldwide four children out of five attend school, never has learning been given to so many human beings” marking education, innovation, and creativity as the true inexhaustible resources on Earth. Lastly, the description of Antarctica in Home is the essence of Arthus-Bertrand’s argument for our innate capacity to create, not simply exploit and destroy. Here, the narrator describes the continent as possessing “immense natural resources that no country can claim for itself, a natural reserve devoted to peace and science, a treaty signed by 49 nations has made it a treasure shared by all humanity.” Innovation appears to fuel humankind’s transcendence to a state where it is capable of compassion, unification, sharing, and finally creating treasures. With these examples Arthus-Bertrand suggests that humanity has an innate capacity for creative energy that awaits authentic expression and can turn humankind from destroyer to creator. In recent years various risk communication texts have explicitly addressed climate change, endeavouring to instigate environmentally consequential social action. Home breaks discursive ground among them through its ritualistic construction which seeks to transform spectators’ perception, and in turn roles and responsibilities, in the face of global environmental risks. Unlike recent climate change media texts such as An Inconvenient Truth (2006), The 11th Hour (2007), The Age of Stupid (2009), Carbon Nation (2010) and Earth: The Operator’s Manual (2011), Home eludes simple genre classification. On the threshold of photography and film, documentary and fiction, Arthus-Bertrand’s work is best classified as an advocacy film promoting public debate and engagement with a universal concern—the state of the environment. The film’s website, available in multiple languages, contains educational material, resources to organise public screenings, and a link to GoodPlanet.info: a website dedicated to environmentalism, including legal tools and initiatives to take action. The film-maker’s approach to using Home as a basis for education and raising awareness corresponds to Antonio Lopez’s critique of contemporary mass-media communications of global risks. Lopez rebukes traditional forms of mediatised communication that place emphasis on the imparting of knowledge and instead calls for a participatory, discussion-driven, organic media approach, akin to a communion or a ritual (106). Moreover, while texts often place a great emphasis on the messenger, for instance Al Gore in An Inconvenient Truth, Leonardo DiCaprio in The 11th Hour, or geologist Dr. Richard Alley in Earth: The Operator’s Manual, Home’s messenger remains unseen—the narrator is only identified at the very end of the film among the credits. The film-maker’s decision to forego a central human character helps dissociate the message from the personality of the messenger which aids in establishing and maintaining the geocentric sensibility of the text. Finally, the ritual’s invocation and cathartic cleansing of emotional distress enables Home to at once acknowledge our environmentally destructive past habits and point to a hopeful, environmentally sustainable future. While The Age of Stupid mostly focuses on humanity’s present and past failures to respond to an imminent environmental catastrophe, Carbon Nation, with the tagline “A climate change solutions movie that doesn’t even care if you believe in climate change,” only explores the potential future business opportunities in turning towards renewable resources and environmentally sustainable practices. The three-phased processural form of the ritual allows for a balance of backward and forward-looking, establishing the possibility of change and renewal in the face of world risk. The ritual is a transformative experience. As Turner states, rituals “interrupt the flow of social life and force a group to take cognizance of its behaviour in relation to its own values, and even question at times the value of those values” (“Dramatic Ritual” 82). Home, a ritualised media text, is an invitation to look at our world, its dominant social paradigms, and the key element within that world—ourselves—with new eyes. It makes explicit contemporary post-industrial society’s dependence on the environment, highlights our impact on Earth, and reveals our complicity in bringing about a contemporary world risk. The ritual structure and the self-reflexivity allow Arthus-Bertrand to transform climate change into a personally salient issue. This bestows upon the spectator the responsibility to act and to reconcile the spectre of the past with the vision of the future.Acknowledgments The author would like to thank Dr. Angi Buettner whose support, guidance, and supervision has been invaluable in preparing this article. 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