Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Psychologie – Résilience'
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Mekiri, Karim. "Adolescent et traumatisme de guerre, résilience et liens familiaux : rôle des représentations familiales dans le processus de résilience." Rouen, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ROUEL011.
Full textThrough a clinical method mainly related to the field of psychoanalysis, this study explores, on one hand, the relationship between family type and its structure, and the impact of a structured family on the outbreak of the resilience process among adolescents who experienced the terrorist attacks that struck Algeria in the nineties, thus potentially traumatized, on the other. Such an attempt is based on : - The analysis of the familial representations of ten young adults who experienced terrorism situations during their adolescence, through a semi-directives interviews in order to determine (or identify) the typology, and the level of families' structure. - The analysis of the TAT in order to evaluate the defensive aspect and the ability of intrapsychic adaptation of these persons, or cases [by evaluating the readability of TAT's speech], as well as the analysis of the different protocols [reports of colleagues] to evaluate their interpersonal adaptation's ability. The findings of the study show that : The analysis of the interviews identified a relationship between family typology and the level of its structure. Hence, families that are organized around the vertical dimension seem to be more (solid) structured but with the condition that even they are directed by the father's authority, there is a variety of relationship between other family members such as, mother, brothers and sisters. The analysis of the protocols shows that the persons who represent a structured family are able to be adapted to the society, without the need to be resilient since their TAT's shows a defensive frailty and mental suffering. Whereas, those who represent unstructured family appear to be unable to adapt themselves to the society, through the use of some defensive tools based on avoidance and archaic mechanisms
Bernard, Marie-Josée. "L'apport du modèle de la résilience dans la compréhension du déclenchement de l'acte d'entreprendre : peut-on parler de résilience entrepreneuriale ?" Lyon 3, 2010. https://scd-resnum.univ-lyon3.fr/in/theses/2010_in_bernard_mj.pdf.
Full textLopez, Nadège. "Résilience familiale et maladie d'Alzheimer." Paris 8, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA083552.
Full textAlzheimer’s disease is a disorder that affects not only the disabled person but also his whole family. Studies have focused, during a long period, on the suffering of caregiver; as a consequence, the disabled person and his family as a unit has been moved in the background. Recently, researchers have taken an interest in the positive impacts of caregiving. It was the opportunity to renew the way of considering caregiving: the burden is no more the only issue; caregivers report ‘benefits’ helping the disabled member of their family. At the same time, the field of resiliency has expanded on one hand, on the resiliency of the elderly and on the other hand, on the family resiliency. Based on the family resiliency model of McCubbin, Thompson and McCubbin (1996), we propose to study the resiliency of families having one member affected by the Alzheimer disease. Our goal is to have a better understanding of the factors involved in this process. We choose a qualitative approach: we performed semi-directive interviews with several members of the family: the disabled person, the caregiver and an adult-child. In addition, we assessed the stressors and the family resources. This study was an opportunity to emphasize the speech of the disabled person, and to highlight the benefit to consider the family beyond the caregiver in order to establish more appropriate cares which incorporate the complexity of the situation
Richard, Philippe. "Contribution à la formalisation et à l’identification de la stabilité humaine au regard de la sécurité : application aux transports guidés." Valenciennes, 2012. http://ged.univ-valenciennes.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/9e61dd16-8c22-445e-8781-8b9cde10f070.
Full textThe work of the thesis presents an original contribution based on the concept of human stability by identifying the associated risks as part of the safety system assessment. In a first part, the difficulties to take into account human factors in safety studies are highlighted and definitions of new ways for the integration of human factors based on the concept of stability are aimed. The second part presents a state of the art resting on stability and resiliency concepts. Although the stability concept is usually defined around a sustainable equilibrium point that induces a feeling of safety control during normal operation, it appears that the stable behavior of a human operator can lead to risks in certain situations such as hypovigilance, inattention and so on. . . The third part lays the foundation of human stability for risks assessment. Human stability is defined as the ability of the operator to stay in a stable operating state under specified conditions. This concept is then formalized and three modes of stability are developed(time, frequency and sequential modes). The following part proposes to apply this concept of human stability in the framework of ERTMS/ETCS. Then, some perspectives highlight the interest of human stability for the definition of risk indicators to assess system safety
André, Fresner. "Le traumatisme de l’amputation de membre : les ressources culturelles de la résilience." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023UBFCH040.
Full textThis research focuses on a particularly trying experience: the trauma of limb amputation. Whether accidental or medical, the loss evidenced by the stump has both physical and psychological consequences. It is part of the research on the links between resilience and culture developed in North America in particular. To carry out this research, we used a qualitative methodology. The research was carried out with amputees in two cultural universes: Haiti (N=20) and France (N=12), using two methods: photolangage® and the clinical research interview. The results, in the form of 5 studies, show a clear difference between the two populations. Whereas the people we met in Haiti put a lot of emphasis on spirituality (religious beliefs and practice) and family support as cultural resources, in France the people stressed above all the need for quality social welfare services. Family support is also an important element, but more so in Haiti, where the adaptation of public spaces and the integration of people with disabilities remain major challenges. In the discussion, we focus on the challenges of the cultural framework and the protective factors that contribute to the resilience process of limb amputees. And then, to orient the results of the research in a care perspective, we present the outline of a care device that could accommodate people who have been confronted with a traumatic experience and who call on their cultural resources to make sense of it.Key words: trauma - limb amputation - resilience process - cultural resources - family
Tielemans, Benoit. "Itinéraires de résilience d'adolescents en situation sociofamiliale critique." Thesis, Mulhouse, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019MULH3824.
Full textYoung people in critical social and/or familial situations, who have experienced a psychosocial involution before embarking on a journey of resilience, are a valuable source of stories that we have to decipher in the hope of understanding and taking action.The ontographic narrative (récit ontographique) is a methodology of a life story developed to map unique journeys of resilience of people with difficult childhoods, which has jeopardized their development and the construction of their identities.The narrative support tools developed provide concrete and practical results. Designed to free speech from all formalconstraints, they offer rich and fruitful emancipatory spaces.Meeting young people and asking them for their help to understand what made them who they are, turned out to be a powerful tool to help them open their black boxes. Through these fruitful moments in life, resilience emerges; it takes shape through special links, in moments and places engraved in their memory, which are up to them to discover, to rediscover.Expert of himself, author of his own life, the narrator lifts a comer of the veil on a complex situation. By bringing together facts and experience, the author can take charge of the direction of life’s progress and development and ultimately experience freedom.Exploiting these tools makes it possible to chart future prospects for a confirmatory exploration of hypotheses that wepropose
Callahan, Stacey. "Evaluation de la résilience et du contrôle du moi." Toulouse 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000TOU20109.
Full textThe recently developed constructs of Ego Control (EC) and Ego Resiliency (ER) (Block and Block, 1980) provide understanding of adaptive functioning within the context of personality psychology. EC is defined as the degree of impulse modulation exerted by the different ego structures within individual response to environmental contingents ; ER is the interrelation between ego structures and its impact on maintaining the system within tenable bounds given differing contexts and internal needs. The goal of this project is to advance a means for evaluating these traits as well as study their application in the domain of psychopathology. Initially, scales measuring EC and ER were translated and validated ; in addition two other tools were similarly elaborated for use in French populations : the Questionnaire for Eating Disorder Diagnosis (Q-EDD) and the Adult Attachment Interview (AAI). Aside from test validation, two additional studies were undertaken. The first, a pilot study, examined the potential relationship between these ego constructs and the organization of attachment in a group of alcoholics (n=36). The second study undertaken identified eating disorder epidemiology in a large population (n=1001), a sub-population of which (n=182) was employed for detailed examination of the two personality constructs. The results of the pilot study did not fully confirm the relationship of these constructs to attachment organization. Results from the eating disorder study provided information on eating disorder prevalence and implications for diagnosis ; moreover, results from both studies provided additional insight on understanding EC and ER as well as their measurement. Aside from the contribution of new French psychological evaluation tools, the overall conclusions of this work suggest that EC and ER, while influencing the individual's ability to manifest adaptive behavior, are probably linked to individual functioning and its impact on the person, and cannot be generalized to psychopathological organiszation
Duchet, Clara. "Traumatisme, question d'urgences : étude des troubles psychotraumatiques et de la résilience chez des victimes de l'attentat du RER Port-Royal (3 décembre 1996)." Paris 5, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA05H043.
Full textIn this study focused on terrorist acts, an issue central to public health and prevention is addressed : why do some persons exposed to terrorist acts develop psychotraumatic disorders while others do not ? Using a longitudinal and prospective design, this study examines risk and protective factors over a three year period (6, 18 and 30 months post-event) among 63 of 110 victims of a terrorist bomb explosion in Paris' Port Royale train station (December 3, 1996). Qualitative (clinical research interviews) and quantitative measures of post-traumatic pathology (QSPT - Watson et al. ), comorbid disorders (GHQ - Goldberg), life events (EVE - Ferreri et al. ), coping strategies (CISS - Endler et al. ) and social support (SSQ -Sarason) were used. (. . . )
Birsan, Alina. "Eléments de résilience dans le contexte du totalitarisme communiste en Roumanie : traumatisme et subjectivation." Paris 8, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA083284.
Full textIn the attempts to analyse the internal psychological processes involved in « adapting » within the totalitarian frame, that is to say the treatment of trauma, we tried to show that the « resistance » encompasses some much more varied patterns than what is usually appointed by the term of « political resistance » or « dissidence ». These multiform resistances already entered the attention of political philosophers like Foucault and sociologists like Maffesoli or Goffman, as practices of urban everyday life. In our knowledge, they were never yet studied in the view of internal processes, that is, as internal relation to trauma and coercion. The present research gets down to describe and to interpret the modalities by which the subjects of a totalitarian regime - in this particular case the communist totalitarian regime in Romania – make appeal to personal, social and cultural resources in order to give meaning to their life, in a process of subjectivation and symbolization of the traumatic everyday life. The study presents certain modalities and strategies, extracted from 21 narratives by means of a qualitative research methodology
Teneau, Gilles. "La compassion dans la résilience organisationnelle : apport du toxic handler." Thesis, Paris, CNAM, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2010CNAM0758.
Full textWhen a crisis occurs within a company, certain resources with particular characteristics emerge, helping those who suffer. We call these resources: “toxic handlers.”The role of this research is to understand what it is that “toxic handlers” do, why they help others in difficult. How do they do this? What can organizations do to help them? “Toxic handlers” rescue companies through an act compassion, but unfortunately they pay a heavy price for this. We have attempted to answer certain questions surrounding the creation process of compassionate resilience within companies. How do individuals, who don’t appear to be suffering in the eyes of their companies, find themselves full of compassion for their close colleagues? We’re asking ourselves what happens to a toxic handler. Is he or she a “carrier of compassion or of suffering”? How does this compassion or suffering come about with regard to the “toxic handler”? Why can’t employees who suffer manage to front up to toxic emotions? How is the relation between the “toxic handler” and the “employees in pain” created? Toxic handlers act as intermediaries between “toxic boss” and “employees in pain.” The actions of “toxic handlers” are nonexistent within a company unless there is an internal crisis and only if the “toxic handler” is also facing a crisis (what we call a double crisis). We have created an analysis model for compassionate resilience and have applied it to several large companies suffering from a crisis. Our work opens a field of research and brings together numerous perspectives concerning the problematic of compassionate resilience within a company
Fauché, Christelle. "Le « Théâtre de la Résilience » : création, application et étude d'un outil de résilience assistée à destination des adolescents." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 8, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021PA080085.
Full textThe work presented here is the result of a longitudinal action-research which led to the design, application and evaluation of a theatrical tool entitled "Theatre of Resilience", aimed at preventing risk behaviors in adolescence. Nine workshops were conducted over a period of 6 years involving 148 adolescents from different backgrounds. The adolescents were welcomed without selection or exclusion criteria in weekly or bi-weekly theatrical workshops lasting 1h30. These adolescents, boys and girls aged 11 to 19, from all backgrounds, attended these workshops for a period of 1 to 3 years and consented to be involved in this research in various ways depending on the context in which the tool was applied. We worked in three different settings to test the adaptability of the tool depending of the type of institution. Four of the nine groups were conducted in a private boarding school located in the inner suburbs of Paris; three groups were conducted in a "réussite éducative" program located in a priority education zone in the suburbs of Paris; the other two groups were set up and monitored in a neighborhood association in the Parisian’s 19th district. Following the deployment of the tool, data was collected from each group. Following the data gathering process, we were able to establish a number of protective factors on which the "Theatre of Resilience" tool might have influence on. This experiment provided a framework for designing assisted resilience tools using theatrical means as well as a starting point for the creation of assisted resilience tools aimed at other audiences or using means other than the performing arts
Tchokote, Emilie Clarisse. "Sujet confronté à une déficience motrice acquise à l'âge adulte au Cameroun : représentations du vécu et du devenir." Rouen, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ROUEL007.
Full textThis work focuses on representation of living and become of subject with motor deficiency acquired at adulthood. To understand how the subject attributes meaning to his future state, it is necessary to focus on the supports he needs and uses to surpass the adversity in the process of resilience. This is a dynamic process influenced by a subtle and evolutionary equilibrium between protection and risk factors. (Anaut, 2005 ; Cyrulnik, 2002 ; Dyer et McGuinness, 1996 ; Manciaux, 2006). However, the overlap of the internal and external resources likely to predict the subject's resilient capacities can experience distortions depending on the quality of support given to the subject. Thus, we formulated the hypothesis that « the establishment of the process of resilience through the resources (internal and external) makes it possible to understand the process of representation of living and become of the subject with motor deficiency acquired at adulthood ». In this study we were interested on men who are lodged in CNRPH in Yaounde. The purposive sampling technique (Depelteau, 2000), was used to get fifteen subjects who took part in a semi-directive interview based on the clinical method of qualitative research. The results showed that the subjects mobilise their internal and external potentialities and use them to fight against the psychological disorder. But the « psychic scars » are observed because of the difference that exist in the quality of support brought by the microsystem, exosystem and the mesosystem. The meeting point with the motor deficiency peers considered as resilience tutors offers the possibility for the subjects to have area for affection, mutual aid, mutual solidarity, activities and words space. The cultural representations are used in an ambivalent manner (positive and negative) and which either favour and/or disfavour the search for internal equilibrium. These cultural representations orientate how the subject rebuilds identity feelings and influences positively and/or negatively the search for psychic equilibrium. Moreover, it arises that from the same factor supposed to protect the subject, the same variable can block and facilitate the use of the resilience process obliging the subject to manage the internal difference of the factor or between the factors. This management is a function of circumstances, the cognitive evaluation and the resources which he has during this period of his existence. It is necessary to put in place a therapeutic framework to reinforce the resources. But, these results deserve to be in-depth by varying the tools for data-collection through inferential techniques from a projective situation
Bournisien, Patrice. "Le cas de l'humour entre médecins-patients." Paris 13, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA130008.
Full textWears, Robert L. "Exploring the Dynamics of Resilient Performance." Paris, ENMP, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ENMP0059.
Full textA recurring theme in studies of resilience is the need for new methods of representing system properties that focus on dynamic rather than static qualities. The goal of this thesis is to develop models that support insight into the dynamics of how resilient systems (and the people in them) manage unstable situations. It focuses on a specific but common challenge (overload), and on the strategies used to cope with it; particularly, a specific strategy, temporary stopping, in order to recover margin for maneuver. The thesis begins by an explication of the motivating case study of unexampled overload in a hospital emergency department, leading to an unprecedented system collapse. It then analyses similar cases from different settings to argue that there are isomorphisms in strategies and adaptations across levels and across domains. Finally, it develops a system dynamics model of a general work system under overload, and uses it to explore the origins of the overload crisis, and the utility of the temporary stopping strategy in managing it. It shows that a leading indicator of an impending crisis is the failure to recover fully during normally slow periods. It also shows that stopping is a potentially risky strategy, and that it is easy for actors to learn the wrong lessons from their experiences. These results can inform practical ways of anticipating and mitigating the consequences of overload in hospital settings and elsewhere
Muhayisa, Assumpta. "Situation familiale des enfants issus du viol commis pendant le génocide au Rwanda: approche systémique: Contribution à la compréhension des enjeux psychiques et relationnels chez ces enfants et leurs mères." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/218394.
Full textAbstract In Rwanda, many women found themselves mothers of children from the rape they suffered during the genocide against Tutsi of 1994. These genocide survivors were tortured, raped and sometimes left for dead by their perpetrators. They were left with children they had never desired, though some of them were yet minors, others had lost their boyfriends and still others had lost their husbands and children during this genocide. The fact that they kept and raised children born from the rape has often earned them rejection by their families and bad reputation by the community. The children considered as genocidors’children could not benefit from a caring and loving family, either on the side of the mother or the father. Their mothers were less and less integrated into the fabric of the family and society and did not benefit any financial support provided to genocides’survivor children. We set out to meet these mothers and their children in order to investigate what had become these stigmatized emotionally and physically weakened families. The main objective was to identify the fragilities as well as psychic and relational ressources of these families in order to determine the means and conditions of a systemic framework likely to help the children being born from rape and their mothers to recover and build. The use, in this study, of approach systemic’s tools and the action-research procedure enabled the expression of feelings and the establishment of dialogue groups for the participants. The results have confirmed the atrocity of rape on maternal care of the child. They allowed also to identify the predominant role of the mother over the one of family members in the filiative registration of the child, and to highlight the need for social intervention aimed at build a re-humanizing identity in mothers as well as in their children.
Doctorat en Sciences psychologiques et de l'éducation
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Fournival, Christian. "La métamorphose des blessures de l'existence ou " comment interroger, par la proximité des parcours, les accidents de la vie en lien avec le récit professionnel dans le cadre de l'action éducative en milieu ouvert judiciaire ?"." Nantes, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003NANT3013.
Full textAguilar, Molina Carlos Javier. "La survie psychique de l'enfant en situation limite au Pérou : destructivité et résilience." Lyon 2, 2001. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/sdx/theses/lyon2/2001/aguilar-molina_cj.
Full textThis thesis is the result of fieldwork carried out amongst working and street children in Peru. The main theme is the psychic survival of children in borderline situations. This survival becomes possible when events lived by children or the teenager are not registered in either in the psyche or in the social space, able of struggle against anomie. From a subjective point of view, difference between external an internal reality is getting closer to psychic collapse, that means collision between fantasy and reality. We are exploring native Andean children life, whose structural references of the family and the community have been progressively weakening over the past few years. We are considering psychic survival through 3 central directions: 1 - Eroticism of self-preservation, notably libidinal investment of actions destined to psychic survival. 2 - The crisis of meta-psychical and meta-social guarantors 3 - The threat of disintegration and the loss of perception of the self. Research methods are organized over 3 directions: filmed interviews of 150 children located in 5 big southern Peruvian cities, projective methods and creation of various expression groups. Within these groups, symbolization space is proposed through mediations such as puppets, psychodrama and the making of story telling
Trousselle, Yves. "Les mécanismes de la résilience organisationnelle." Thesis, Tours, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014TOUR1012/document.
Full textTheories on strategic analysis, alignment and organizational configurations are no longer sufficient for companies to ensure their survival. Environments become more and more turbulent. Skills of anticipation are not good enough now, companies need also adaptability. Research works from Weick K.E. on the HRO (High Reliability Organizations) and from other authors who work on crisis management have enabled us to identify the concept of organizational resilience. Resilience is usually defined as the properties of a system able to sustain a severe shock, to bounce and to grow again. We defined organizational resilience as the manifestation, during a traumatic crisis, of one or more of these three processes: individual psychological resilience process, collective resilience or eco environmental resilience. These processes when they occur, allow the company to survive to the crisis
Varo, Magali. "Vulnérabilité et résilience de trois populations pénales : (violeurs d'adultes, uxoricides et infracteurs à la législation des stupéfiants)." Rennes 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004REN20014.
Full textThis research tries to discover which vulnerabilities and which resiliencies are specific to the studied different populations. We lay as postulate that rapists, murderers and drug traffickers state particular adjustings. For that, we relied on the lecture of Balier C. And Ciavaldini A. 's book on rapists with a control population sentenced for voluntary assault and battery. To realize this research, we had recourse to a questionnaire on the subjects' life's story, the MMPI 2 and the Rorschach. The obtained results show that although there are common vulnerabilities and resiliencies, characteristics stand out among categories: thus, we found a narcissistic vulnerability more important among drug traffickers and rapists, in the same lines of a low self esteem. On the contrary, we found among murderers again an hesitation between a low self-esteem and a conflict of their picture of themselves. Otherwise, we find again an objectal vulnerability among all subjects, but different, that is, rapists appear more isolated and the two others populations more in difficulties when they interact. At last, rapists often adopt a passive role, whereas murderers show a greater dependence toward the others and drug traffickers possess a potential for large splits. Moreover, rapists and murderers show particular resilience. Indeed, , rapists substitute fantasy for reality in stressful situations, that isn't the case among others populations. In other respects, they use deny and intellectualisation anymore. As for murderers, they use much more idealisation and reality's and emotional situations' avoidance action than the others and show an obsessional tendency. At last, regression on the plan of formal thought don't find again among rapists, whereas we find it among the two others populations, and invalidation can be noticed only among quarter of drug traffickers whereas we can find it among third of the others
Bornancin, Tomasella Saverio. "Désubjectivation, resubjectivation et résilience collective en situation de catastrophes : l'exil des européens d'Afrique du Nord." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCC171/document.
Full textOur present time is engrossed with the question of disasters. Whether natural disasters, human slaughters or terrorist attacks, such disasters challenge our ability both to confront, and respond to, them, both individually and collectively. In this context, the notion of trauma and, still more, the idea of "resilience" need to be supplemented and expanded, or even superseded. The disaster corresponds to a rupture of existential continuity for individuals, families, and communities. More than an amount of grief and trauma, it brings about a real overthrow leading to the desubjectivation of those facing it or those who were witnesses. After such an experience of the chaos, what are the possibilities of resubjectivation for the individual? What could be the forms of "collective resilience", considered as a set of processes to invent together, particularly through memory and solidarity?
Langoz, Marie-Joëlle. "L'étude de la résilience chez les familles de malades Alzheimer." Toulouse 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006TOU20067.
Full textThe objective of our research is the study of resilience among Alzheimer patient’s family helps in order to accompany them better. The symptomatology of Alzheimer disease and the hardship of the coverage of the patients have often for consequence a stressful and traumatizing life for family helps. For us, resilience is the capacity to work in spite of the stress, trauma and unfavourable situations without lapsing into a deep fit. Our problematics thus concerns, on one hand their initial level of resilience and on the other hand the impact of the intervention of a resort person on resilience. The accepted hypothesis is the following one : “The intervention of a resort person can favour the development of resilience among Alzheimer patient’s family helps : a listening to the family help from an evaluation centred on his/her personality and life will increase his/her level of resilience. ” For the listening the indicators chosen are : a psychological evaluation of helps ‘life and the level of resilience, some modes of functioning. The tools used are Zarit scale, the Burden of Zarit, a questionnaire and S. Callahan scale of resilience. At the methodological level, the sample is composed of 35 family helps who’ve had a first evaluation of their resilience, then other test and the questionnaire and finally two months later, a second evaluation of their resilience. The results show an increase of the level of resilience for 33 out of 35 subjects, and ratify our hypothesis, but considering the small sample we had we can only speak of tendency. To conclude, this research seems to set going latent resources in family helps of our population and enable the expressive emergence of resilience thanks to the listening of the subjects
Kommegne, Théodore. "Trauma, interculturation et résilience : problématique de la prise en charge des enfants en situation de rue au Cameroun." Amiens, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AMIE0008.
Full textIn an intercultural gaze, we questioned the phenomenon of homeless children that we perceive as a barometer of social and family crisis of modernity. We asked about the determinants of resilience by assuming that the traumatic experience of the career of street influences the process of resilience, and an intervention focused on the dynamics of intercultural exchange in the street, may improve the prognosis reintegration. From 148 subjects living un the streets of Douala, we undertook a quantitative and qualitative analysis of trauma, interculturation and resilience. We find that past trauma to the street impact on identity and the reconstruction capability of the child, more than those he faces in his career. We found that the addictive behavior through participation or avoidance strategies of conflict management and anxiety in the street situation, are not means resilience, but resistance or desilience, which means maintenance in the bubble trauma. It appeared to us that the dynamics of intercultural exchange organizes post-traumatic survival and participates in the reconstruction process of the subject, and that resilience is not only a reality neurobiological and psycho-dynamics, but also a cultural and cross-cultural issue, that victims must solve for their successful social integration
Benestroff, Corinne. "Résistance et résilience dans l’œuvre de Jorge Semprun." Paris 8, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA083894.
Full textBased on Carlo Ginzburg’ indiciary paradigm which interlaces History and stories, archives and live words, this cross-disciplinary research on Jorge Semprun’s genre-defying work addresses the links between the Resistance and resilience, between trauma and writing. It traces the writer’s many metamorphoses and lifelong commitment, from the Spanish Civil War to the Burgundy resistance movement, from the terror of Buchenwald to the clandestinity of the Spanish Communist Party. What is implied in the aesthetic choice of literature as a means to bear witness ? How does an « act of resistance » qualify as a process of resilience ? As an offering to the departed, how resilient is Semprun’s writing in its efforts to suspend forgetfulness and denial ? Inscribed within the conceptual field of Edgar Morin’s philosophy of complexity, linking bios to graphein, this oblique and transverse approach to Semprun’s written work leads to novel findings which go beyond the aporia of witness literature and elaborate a poetics of resilience and The Resistance
Marcelin, Myrvine. "Circulation d'enfants et pratique de la domesticité infantile en Haïti : adversités et résilience." Paris 8, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA083846.
Full textThis research addresses the question of the circulation of children and, more specifically, child domesticity, which is a form of fosterage rooted in the practice or raising children in Haiti. In this study, we have attempted to understand the context that leads parents to choose one or more of their children and place them in urban families as domestics. The choice of the child to place is not however an arbitrary choice; it is thought out, assessed and is part of a broader process that defines the experience and rules of kinship in this cultural context. Parents' placing children in families to serve as domestic help has developed into a form of "foster care", rooted in the Haitian sociocultural context. Although a common practice, the circulation of children remains largely ignored, outside the studies of ethnologists and anthropologists. As psychologists, we have undertaken these studies in order to understand the experiences of children living in domesticity. To achieve this, we chose two groups of children: one with institutional support and the other without. This approach that has allowed us to record responses used to cope with adversity. The methodology of this study combines questionnaires, interviews and observation of participants. The case studies highlighted many facets of these children’s daily life in their 'foster' family. The data from this research show that the trajectory of the child placed in domesticity reflects their own parents’ experiences for which the children represent a narcissistic promise of the future. Children are expected to succeed where their parents have failed. They also show that domesticity has not only negative consequences in the children's life; some benefit, whereas others do not. The quality of the relationship with the mother, the community support, as well as the feeling of community belonging are important levers that function in the children’s resilience and allow them to cope with adversity. These observations led us to treat the circulation of children holistically, taking into account the psychological aspect, the family, and historical and trans-generational links in the context studied, where children are considered as an investment
Neyns, Valérie. "Les modalités du contrôle cognitif en situation dynamique : anticipation et gestion des dérives : le cas de l'anesthésie." Phd thesis, Université Toulouse le Mirail - Toulouse II, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00628433.
Full textCharazac-Brunel, Marguerite. "La prévention des violences intrafamiliales." Grenoble 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001GRE29032.
Full textBélanger, Eve, and Eve Bélanger. "L'expérience vécue par les adolescents endeuillés en processus de résilience : récits phénoménologiques." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/29985.
Full textCette thèse vise à comprendre l’expérience vécue par les adolescents endeuillés en processus de résilience. L’intérêt pour cet objet de recherche est né d’une expérience clinique réalisée en unité de soins palliatifs. La rencontre, sur place, d’enfants et d’adolescents endeuillés le plus souvent laissés à eux-mêmes constitue la source d’inspiration même de cette étude dont la visée première consiste à donner parole et voix à l’expérience des jeunes, pour qu’ils contribuent tant à l’élaboration des connaissances dans le domaine, qu’à la transformation des pratiques professionnelles en service social. La recherche propose une description et une interprétation de l’histoire de six jeunes confrontés à la mort d’un parent ou d’un membre de la fratrie, pour tenter de mettre au jour le sens de cette épreuve dans leur vie. Elle s’interroge notamment sur les trajectoires de résilience de ces jeunes qui continuent d’avancer dans leur vie, malgré le désarroi provoqué par le deuil. Ainsi, au-delà de la description de l’expérience vécue par les adolescents endeuillés, la thèse se propose d’explorer leurs stratégies d’ajustement et d’identifier les ressources de l’environnement qui ont participé à les soutenir au cours de leur deuil. Elle s’inscrit dans une perspective qualitative et recourt à une méthode biographique d’inspiration phénoménologique. Ainsi, à la lumière des données recueillies lors des rencontres individuelles et des groupes de discussion, des récits phénoménologiques ont été rédigés avec les jeunes, et ont donné lieu à une première articulation des éléments du discours et du matériel écrit et visuel constitutifs de l’histoire de chacun. C’est donc au moyen du récit, activité réflexive et interprétative exemplaire en contexte d’intersubjectivité, que la compréhension de l’expérience a pu s’affiner au fil du temps. À l’évidence, se dégagent des récits et de leur interprétation des dimensions à la fois singulières et communes. Pour mieux appréhender son expérience, chaque jeune opère d’abord un retour sur le contexte de la mort de son proche. C’est notamment dans les premières réactions relatées qu’on observe des constantes : choc, incompréhension, refus, culpabilité et appréhension face à l’avenir. Les jeunes rapportent également de nombreuses stratégies d’ajustement, reliées tantôt à la perte de l’être cher, tantôt à la reconstruction de leur vie, pôles opposés de leur deuil entre lesquels ils n’ont de cesse d’osciller. En ce sens, l’interprétation des récits fait alterner stratégies de mise à distance, d’apaisement, et enfin d’intégration. Les jeunes reviennent de plus sur la famille, les amis, l’école et autres ressources professionnelles qui ont fortifié leur traversée, tout comme ils énoncent avec une remarquable transparence les écueils qui ont pu s’y dresser. On peut penser ici à certaines relations nocives où s’est exercée de l’intimidation en rapport avec le deuil. Ils savent également formuler leurs attentes à l’égard des ressources qui les entourent, par exemple une présence constante de la part des amis, des gestes de générosité ou encore la nécessité d’une formation spécialisée sur le deuil pour les intervenants scolaires ou des milieux cliniques. Enfin, c’est grâce aux stratégies mises en place et aux ressources qui les soutiennent que les jeunes parviennent à apprivoiser cette vie désormais autre en même temps que leur propre vulnérabilité, puis à s’engager dans de nouvelles voies pour se réaliser autrement, se redresser, se réinventer, et ainsi en arriver à faire de l’épreuve une expérience véritablement transformatrice. Leur parole, pour notre plus grand bénéfice, ouvre à la fois sur des modalités de soutien pour les jeunes confrontés au deuil et leurs proches, et sur des pistes d’intervention concrètes, propices à renouveler la vision du phénomène.
This thesis aims to understand the experience of bereaved teenagers who are in a resilience process. Interest for the animating question of this research was born out of a clinical experiment conducted in a palliative care unit. The on-site meeting of children and adolescents who were more often than not left to cope by themselves was the most important inspiration for this study, whose main objective is to give voice to the experience of youth in order for them to contribute as much in the elaboration of knowledge in the field, as in the transformation of professional social work practices. The study presents a description and interpretation of the story of six youth, each facing the death of a parent or a sibling, in an attempt to uncover the meaning of this experience in their lives. It examines the resilience trajectories of these youth, who continue to move forward with their lives despite the distress brought on by loss. Beyond looking at the experience of bereaved teenagers, the thesis proposes to explore their coping strategies and to identify the resources in their environment that contributed in supporting them during their grief. Using a qualitative perspective, it makes use of a biographical method inspired by the phenomenological approach. In light of the evidence gathered during individual interviews and group discussions, phenomenological self-narratives were written with the youth, giving shape to an initial formulation of the speech elements and both written and visual content constituting each individual narrative. It is thus with the narrative, an exemplary reflexive and interpretive activity in the context of intersubjectivity, that comprehension of the experience was refined over time. Evidence of both singular and common dimensions emerge from the narratives and their interpretation. To better understand his or her experience, each youth begins by reflecting on the context of the death of his/her family member. Constants are observed, notably in initial reactions: chock, disbelief, denial, guilt, and apprehension for the future. Youth also enumerate coping strategies, related sometimes to the loss of the loved one and sometimes to reconstructing their lives, opposite poles of their grief between which they constantly vacillate. In that respect, the narrative interpretation alternates distancing, calming, and finally, integration strategies. Youth also mention family, friends, school and professional resources that strengthened their journey, while also describing with remarkable openness, the obstacles that might have appeared. Examples of these include some harmful relationships where intimidation occurred with respect to the bereavement. Youth also know how to express their expectations of the resources around them, for example: a constant presence from their friends, generous gestures, or the need for specialized bereavement training for educational stakeholders or in clinical environments. Lastly, it is because of the strategies put in place and of the resources that support them that youth learn to get used to their new life as well as to their own vulnerability, and then engage in new paths, finding different ways of fulfilling themselves, recovering and reinventing themselves, thus being able to make the hardship a truly transformative experience. Their voice, to our greater benefit, leads to support strategies for youth and their loved ones suffering bereavement, and to tangible intervention possibilities, conducive to renewing perspective on the phenomenon.
This thesis aims to understand the experience of bereaved teenagers who are in a resilience process. Interest for the animating question of this research was born out of a clinical experiment conducted in a palliative care unit. The on-site meeting of children and adolescents who were more often than not left to cope by themselves was the most important inspiration for this study, whose main objective is to give voice to the experience of youth in order for them to contribute as much in the elaboration of knowledge in the field, as in the transformation of professional social work practices. The study presents a description and interpretation of the story of six youth, each facing the death of a parent or a sibling, in an attempt to uncover the meaning of this experience in their lives. It examines the resilience trajectories of these youth, who continue to move forward with their lives despite the distress brought on by loss. Beyond looking at the experience of bereaved teenagers, the thesis proposes to explore their coping strategies and to identify the resources in their environment that contributed in supporting them during their grief. Using a qualitative perspective, it makes use of a biographical method inspired by the phenomenological approach. In light of the evidence gathered during individual interviews and group discussions, phenomenological self-narratives were written with the youth, giving shape to an initial formulation of the speech elements and both written and visual content constituting each individual narrative. It is thus with the narrative, an exemplary reflexive and interpretive activity in the context of intersubjectivity, that comprehension of the experience was refined over time. Evidence of both singular and common dimensions emerge from the narratives and their interpretation. To better understand his or her experience, each youth begins by reflecting on the context of the death of his/her family member. Constants are observed, notably in initial reactions: chock, disbelief, denial, guilt, and apprehension for the future. Youth also enumerate coping strategies, related sometimes to the loss of the loved one and sometimes to reconstructing their lives, opposite poles of their grief between which they constantly vacillate. In that respect, the narrative interpretation alternates distancing, calming, and finally, integration strategies. Youth also mention family, friends, school and professional resources that strengthened their journey, while also describing with remarkable openness, the obstacles that might have appeared. Examples of these include some harmful relationships where intimidation occurred with respect to the bereavement. Youth also know how to express their expectations of the resources around them, for example: a constant presence from their friends, generous gestures, or the need for specialized bereavement training for educational stakeholders or in clinical environments. Lastly, it is because of the strategies put in place and of the resources that support them that youth learn to get used to their new life as well as to their own vulnerability, and then engage in new paths, finding different ways of fulfilling themselves, recovering and reinventing themselves, thus being able to make the hardship a truly transformative experience. Their voice, to our greater benefit, leads to support strategies for youth and their loved ones suffering bereavement, and to tangible intervention possibilities, conducive to renewing perspective on the phenomenon.
Nascimento, Stieffatre Marli Aparecida. "Maladie mentale et résilience : la réinsertion socioprofessionnelle des personnes souffrant de troubles mentaux graves." Paris 8, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA083605.
Full textThe study of resilience in people with mental disorders begun since few years and publications are scarce. The psychological dysfunction is now considered as an evidence that protective factors were absent or unable to prevent the occurrence of mental disorders. However, this not imply that is impossible to develop in psychiatric patients capacities that may facilitate the implementation of the process leading to a better adaptation, to resilience. Retrospective study of 267 files, discussions with professionals working in the field of the rehabilitation, semi-directive interviews with patients and the administration of a self esteem scale showed that that implementation of the resilience process is possible. Results showed also that early traumatic events are related to poorer outomes. On the other hand, people with higher self esteem, with the feeling that they control theirs functioning and their environment, give a sense to their life and make plans for the future. The analysis of individual dynamics allowed the identification of the resilience process stages. The present dissertation proves the relevance of the resilience theory for the care and the follow-up of the psychiatric patients
Sadlier, Karen. "Facteurs de résilience chez les enfants colombiens chroniquement exposés à la violence socio-politique." Paris 5, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA05H063.
Full textThe purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between repeated exposure to socio-political violence, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms and psychic numbing symptoms among 176, 9 to 10 years old, Colombian children. Family cohesion, active coping strategies and violent world models were construed as possible mediators of the exposure-symptom relationship. Structural equation modeling, variance and correlation analyses indicate that violence exposure and PTSD symptoms are significantly and positively related. Psychic numbing is dependent upon the presence of PTSD symptoms. Planful problem solving protects against PTSD and is reinforced by higher family cohesion levels. The results of this study are discussed in terms of resilience to chronically violent social environments
Cadichon, Jeff Matherson. "Vulnérabilité psychologique, résilience scolaire et processus identitaires chez les adolescents et les jeunes adultes dans l’Haïti post-séisme." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017UBFCH034.
Full textIntroductionThis research focuses on the risks of psychological vulnerability and school resilience in the construction of identity of adolescents (14-17 years) and young adults (18-24 years) more than six years after the earthquake of January 12, 2010 in Haiti. It aims to explore long-term consequences of this traumatic event among survivors, to analyze their strategies to overcome them, and to understand the evolution of the identity processes.Methods723 adolescents and young adults (including 364 girls and young women) aged 14-24 were assessed using questionnaires on PTSD symptoms, resilience and identity processes. In addition, a qualitative phase (N = 8) allowed to analyze the narrative processes and to identify the psychological dynamics (conflicts / defenses) based on the projective tests (Rorschach and TAT).ResultsIn our sample, 35.82% reported clinically significant symptoms of PTSD with a higher prevalence for girls and young women. There was also an average resilience score, moderately high of 136.72 (SD = 23.65). A cluster analysis showed that 40.22% of the subjects presented an achievement identity status. The qualitative results highlight four transversal analysis categories to the clinical cases: psychic disturbances; God, as a way of giving sense to the event; Identity restructuration; multifactorial resilience with a predominance of school.DiscussionClinically, the results suggest that other social factors, such as political unrest, cholera epidemic and precarious living conditions, seem to explain this high vulnerability. Social instability also seems to explain anxiety and anguish of survivors with an achievement identity status. Otherwise, the moderately high level of resilience would reflect the survivors' ability to find psychological, social and cultural resources sufficient to recover despite psychic disturbances. The results may prove useful for setting up mental health programmes and devising tools appropriate for the youth population in Haiti
Morel, Gaël. "Sécurité et résilience dans les activités peu sûres : exemple de la pêche maritime." Lorient, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007LORIL097.
Full textThis thesis is situated within the general theoretical framework of the safety of complex systems. This research has had two main objectives. The first stage was the analysis of a risky socio-technical system - the fishing system, said to be the most dangerous in the world - adopting a systemic approach based on the risk management model put forward by Rasmussen (1997). The purpose was to reach a better understanding of the mechanisms which bring about collisions at sea. The second stage was an in-depth study of the same system (1. Study of the decision-making process of fishing skippers in situations of conflict between safety and production; 2. Testing of two safety-improving strategies), to shed additional light on the relationship between safety and resilience, and in a wider sense to discuss safety-improving strategies for risky systems. Our findings suggest a different articulation between safety and resilience than the one reflected in the specialized literature. It appears that resilience is a form of (self-managed) safety, very much present in unsafe systems, which applies to the skills and know-hows needed for dealing with rare and destabilizing situations. Resilience in itself cannot provide a high level of safety. This conclusion represents a clean break from the idea according to which a resilient system IS a safe system. The safety-improving strategies discussed here consider resilience as a possible way of reconciling production objectives and safety, so that an increase on one side does not necessarily lead to a decrease of the other (and vice versa)
Adjetey-Bahun, Kpotissan. "Résilience de bout en bout pour la (re)conception d'un système de transport." Thesis, Troyes, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TROY0012.
Full textThis thesis aims to develop a model that assesses and improves the resilience of mass railway transportation system. A state of the art on resilience quantification approaches in sociotechnical systems reveals some limitations relative to their adequacy to the mass railway transportation systems. The model developed in this work is helping to give some answers to these limitations. We identify and develop four interrelated subsystems: transportation, power, telecommunication and organization subsystems. We also characterized and modeled these subsystems' interdependencies. This allows us to get insight into the system holistically. We also propose and quantify some performance indicators of this system. These performance indicators are used afterwards to quantify the resilience of the system. The number of passengers that reach their destination station, passenger delay and passenger load are performance indicators used in this work. The model is applied to the Paris mass railway transportation system. After modeling perturbations, we also assess the extent to which some crisis management plans are taken into account in the model. Then, a simulator has been developed, and an approach that aims to implement an end-to-end resilient system is proposed. Operating conditions of railway transportation system are incorporated into topological indicators of transportation systems found in the literature through the model. This allows us to show the relevance of these operating-conditions dependent indicators relative to the usual topological indicators of the studied network
Grenier-Mélançon, Gabriel. "Les impacts du Fil d'Ariane : un instrument visant à favoriser la résilience en réadaptation." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/7539.
Full textDiaby, Bakeba. "Le sentiment d'abandon familial et social chez les adolescents : lien avec l'incivilité et la délinquance : étude comparative entre différents contextes familiaux en France et en Afrique de l'Ouest (cas de Guinée): contribution à la compréhension du phénomène d'incivilité juvénile des 12-16 ans." Amiens, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009AMIE0030.
Full textThe present research attempts to answer the two central following questions: can we explain the uncivil tendancy of young children and teenagers by their feeling of abandonment ? How far this feeling is aggravated by lack of socialization, parental care and affection dedicated to the young people, as well as other internal or external factors of social deviance ? For this purpose, we suppose that there exists a causal link between the teenagers feeling of being abandoned and thier uncivil or criminal tendacncy. The most simplistic vison of these two interdependent factors brings two characters to light: that the mother who feels abandoned because of a failing husband and that of her child or her teenager who, in his turn, has a similar feeling, connected most of the time to that of his mother. It has to be mentioned, from the outstart that, on a world scale, the social and economic situation which is being experienced today demonstrates a swift change in the cultural, and sometimes, an institutional attitude. There appears to be a media failure whereas deviant comportements (incivilitiesn, violence, criminal acts) are highlighted. This appears to be an accepted behaviour as it develops within circles of youth, groups of adults , the family and schools. This is not only in the urban setting, but now also in rural and suburban environment. The incivility phenomenon, which is not new and whose rise has been detected on the increase in recent years in France and Africa is all the more alarming since it appears to affect children at home, children in nursery schools, those who are left alone, and those children whose parents, for one reason or another, cannot, dedicate their full attention in the rearing of minors. This situation not only engenders significant public economic costs and distress to inhabitants of particular zones, it also endangers the psychological situation of its authors or victims. The focus of our attention turns towards adolescents and their interaction with their families and other agents of socialization. All along, we saught to verify whether or not this family and social feeling of abandonement among the youth made them more inclined to incivility than any other general psychological, social, environmental or economic factor. We also bore in mind that, at the origin of a youthful incivility, there may be a more or less strong feeling of abandonment to which an appropriate response had not been brought at the right time. We finally put the stress on the hypothesis that many teenagers may be resilient and thus avoid falling in the trap of social deviance despite the presence of the above mentioned factors
Mbakidi, Toko Isabelle. "Résilience scolaire :stratégies d’accrochage scolaire des adolescents congolais dans un contexte socio-économique complexe." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/331904.
Full textSummary of the thesis :The study questions the specific factors of dropping out of school in the Congolese context.Three studies were carried out as part of this work. The results made it possible to highlight the personal and environmental factors that lead young people to enter the process of dropping out of school. Theoretical research and the results of the various investigations allow us to discuss the factors classically studied in this research framework and to highlight the factors specific to Congolese mores and customs. The research also made it possible to identify the different strategies implemented by some young people (most of whom already constitute a population at risk of dropping out of school) in order to be able to stay in school despite the unfavorable conditions of their schooling. environment. This information was drawn from two different sources: from the population of those who still cling to the system and from a population of school dropouts.
Doctorat en Sciences psychologiques et de l'éducation
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Frénisy, Marie-Claude. "Traumatisme crânien grave, traumatisme psychique et facteurs d'ajustement psychologique." Dijon, 2001. https://nuxeo.u-bourgogne.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/efed257e-b957-4c8f-b950-a37087caa347.
Full textThe sufferers of Severe Brain Injury (SBI), most of them victims of road accidents, were young adults. They exhibited cognitive and psychopathological disorders and, in some cases, Post-Traumatic Stress Disorders (little known in the literature). These disorders were probably due to a variety of factors (lesions, reactions, factors associated with subjects’ earlier personalities etc. ). We have attempted to contribute to the understanding of such patients by examining a number of different models : Stress, Health Psychology, the concept of psychic trauma and the idea of resilience. This study compared an (SBI) group with two control groups (multiple traumas, slight injuries). Some of the subjects adapted better to their trauma in all three groups involved in the study. This can be accounted for by protective factors (individual and environmental adjustment factors), while vulnerability factors were also observed. The data revealed by this study may have therapeutic consequences. In effect, following an evaluation of the different factors, it should be possible to design a specific psychological care program tailored to each individual as a function of his or her vulnerability factors (if present) and, most importantly, on the basis of his or her personal resources
Basset, François. "Résilience assistée et dynamique sportive à l'adolescence : vers un renouvellement des pratiques cliniques dans les espace-temps sportifs : étude clinique comparée d'adolescents footballeurs." Thesis, Amiens, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AMIE0035.
Full textIn a four-year longitudinal study, we followed about twenty elite teenagers soccer and their families. We tried to understand the challenges of psychological support for the high-level athletic teenager in a sports structure. A triangulation of methods characterizes our research work. It crosses qualitative and quantitative data in different systems : sports and family. Once data were analysed, we developed modeling from the Ionescu model. It can help sports psychology professionals to identify the times and spaces of resilience in a teenager's sport path that enable his individuation. Our methodology opens up new possibilities of intervention in the field of sport to meet new needs. Questioning the appropriateness of psychological support has led to questions about the reponsability of sports organizations on the biopsychosocial development of the adolescent on the one and support for the parenthood of his family on the other
Simard, Caroline. "Conception et validation d'un modèle théorique de la résilience auprès des étudiants universitaires." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/28371.
Full textResilience is a phenomenon inspiring optimism towards consequences of adversity, hence writings on the subject flourished. The popularity was such that progress outdistanced synthesis and integration of knowledge on the subject (Cicchetti & Garmezy, 1993; Lemay, 2006; Luthar & Cushing, 1999). The plurality in points of view about resilience hinders its understanding and challenges its operationalization, conceptually and methodologically. In this context, the proposed research aims at responding to the different needs of consolidation, synthesis, and rigor, as suggested by experts in the field (see Luthar, Cicchetti, & Becker, 2000; Walsh, Dawson, & Mattingly, 2010). As resilience is a phenomenon embedded in its context, it is interesting to focus one’s interest on a population being at the crossroads of multiple developmental tasks. Indeed, most of university students are located in the phase of emerging adulthood, in continuity with adolescence and adulthood (Masten, Burt, Roisman, Obradovic, Long, & Tellegen, 2004). Moreover, many challenges use their adaptation capacities, such as performance pressure, the need to make life choices, or financial hardship. Those lead to psychological distress in university students and constitute an obstacle to academic achievement. The current thesis hence seeks to propose a theoretical model of university students’ resilience. To do so, two studies were conducted. The first study consists in a meta-analysis summarizing factors identified as relevant in the study and assessment of university students’ resilience, from previous empirical research. The second study aims at validating the said model with a sample of Quebec university students. Results emerging from the two studies make it possible to structure the variables involved in the resilience phenomenon under five main factors: personal resources, social processes, resilience (as a second order factor), adversity and results (i.e. consequences of adaptation). To our knowledge, this is the first model using structural equation modeling and integrating the three main theoretical perspectives of resilience, namely as a trait, process, or result. For this reason, the model contributes to the understanding of the relative importance of each factor. Results show that the resilience factor groups individual and social ressources and mediates the relationship between adversity and outcomes of adaptation.
Lefebvre, Gérard. "La place et les modes d'implication du père dans l'éducation de son enfant handicapé." Paris 10, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA100016.
Full textThe unexpected arrival of a severely handicapped child seems always to be a traumatic experience. The father holds a complementary and distinct place from the mother in chid rearing activities because of the his position in father/mother/child trial. Faced with a child who is unlike the others, does the father carry out own models of implication ? Father's place and functions rest on a review of literature and a clinical approach focused on analysis of interviews with special education and care professionals. Content analysis of 17 interviews with disabled child fathers emphasises models of implication with regard to handicap announcement, early childhood intervention and child development. This research carried out by a practitioner anr researcher highlights father's important and necessary place in the upbringing of a disabled child. It put forward a connection between child's handicap and father's models of implication
Ronteau, Sébastien. "Les dynamiques d'institutionnalisation de l'innovation dans les organisations : pour une compréhension des capacités des organisations à innover dans la durée." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007ECAP1050.
Full textThis thesis stems from recent developments of research dealing with organizational capabilities to innovate. The traditional approach of the strategic management of innovation or corporate entrepreneurship appears to be prisoners of an “action-structure” duality. In contrast, our research aims at grasping the intraorganizational dynamics which are at work to give sense associate to innovative activities and innovation. Calling upon contributions from the field of intraorganizational institutions, we examine those dynamics as (a) productions of institutionalized forms around innovation, (b) effects on the innovative activities, and (c) their ordering in an institutional work. The methodological design of our research consists in an extended case method based upon four case studies. Secondary data were collected and semi-structured interviews were the conducted and submitted to a qualitative analysis. The results of this research suggest that intraorganizational institutions are a relevant theoretical frame to describe sensemaking around innovation and innovative activities within organizations. This thus helps better understand organizational capabilities to maintain innovation. Through a process of institutionalization, members of the organization and groups share a common understanding of the organization’s “innovation patrimony”. This social construct helps them deal with the anxiety attached to innovating. Organizational capabilities to maintain innovation rely on resilient capacities of “innovation-institutions” to give sense either directly via the institutionalized or more indirectly via the institutionalizing
Cénat, Jude Mary. "Tremblement de terre du 12 janvier 2010 en Haïti : Des traumatismes à la résilience." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO20018.
Full textThis study financed by the National Research Agency of France (Project ANR-10-HAIT-002 RECREAHVI : Resilience and Creator Process among Haitian Children and Adolescents Victims of Natural Disasters), explores trauma and psychic adjustments of Haitian people in order to recover themselves after the earthquake of January 2010 which devastated several cities and killed about 2.5% of population.Studies carried out among survivors following similar events in other countries have shown significant traumatic effects on populations. Other studies have also shown that not all people affected by natural disasters experience trauma. Moreover, some people are able to find the necessary resources to recover themselves. This research aimed to study the traumatic consequences of the earthquake of Haitian population and the strategies it establishes to cope and recover itself. It is based on complementarist approach involving not only psychodynamic theories of trauma and model of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), but also quantitative and qualitative methods, taking into consideration the cultural characteristics of the traumatic expression and resilience.A group of 872 children and adolescents (out of which 56.30% girls) with average age of 14.91 (SD = 1.94) and 1,355 adults (out of which 48.71% of women) with average age of 31, 57 (SD = 14.42) were evaluated using questionnaires about traumatic life events, traumatic exposure, symptoms of peritraumatic distress, PTSD, depression, social support and resilience. Qualitative data were then collected using clinical interviews and projective methods (Rorschach and D10) on about twenty subjects. Six case studies chosen for their specificities (amputation, transferential and countertransferential dynamic) are presented in this work.Two and a half years after the earthquake, the results show high prevalence of PTSD and depression symptoms (respectively 36.96% and 46.21% for child / adolescent group and 36.75% and 25.98 % for adults). Similarly, they show that young age, advanced age, female gender, unemployment, low education level and economic difficulties are the main risk factors. The degree of traumatic exposure and peritraumatic distress factors are the major predictors of PTSD symptoms and depression. The results of the clinical phase particularly emphasize the entanglement of multiple psychic trauma which are expressed through cultural codes at individual, family, community and social levelsHowever, the results also indicate that compared to other countries which had similar earthquakes such as Japan and China, Haitian children, adolescents and adults demonstrate a higher level of resilience on the Resilience Scale translated, validated and published in Haitian Creole. Given that social support is the best predictor factor of resilience, it was observed that the survivors are based on a set of interconnected resilience tutors such as family, school, religious institutions and associative networks to recover themselves.While putting in perspective a model called "The Tree of resilience construction", all the results show the need of psychological support for the population with the culture as a therapeutic leverage
Braud, Manuela. "Comment faire face à l'adversité et pour longtemps : étude clinique de l'émergence et de la fluctuation du processus de résilience dans le temps : rencontres avec des histoires de vie au-delà de l'ordinaire Maya, Véronique, Anne, Cendia, Sophie et Nathalie." Thesis, Nantes, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NANT2045/document.
Full textThe goal of this reserach is to understand how persons who were victims of child abuse could develop and conserv a resilience process all the time. This research propose to analyse life stories of six women who didn’t get secure attachment. The results show that the process of resilience seemed to be fluctuating all the time. In this way, the devlopment of the process seems to reveal three kinds of resilience : scolar, social and professional. In fact, they supplant private and affective life until the effective break-up with abuse parent. The different forms of resilience : scolar, social, professional and affective seem to complet and support themselves
Chemaly, Zeina Sama. "Religiosité, spiritualité et régulation des émotions : le cas du Liban." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 8, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA080001.
Full textAvailable publications agree on the possible development of a post-traumatic stress disorder, accompanied by other disorders such as anxiety and depression, following an extreme event. Several variables modulate the relationship between the potentially traumatic event experienced and its impact. The present study, conducted in Lebanon, is particularly interested in the role of religious and spiritual beliefs, and positive emotions in modulating this impact.Gathered information from the clinical interview, scales and questionnaires, illustrated by some clinical vignettes, allowed to formulate definitions of religiosity and spirituality according to the studied population, and to assess the “counseling” and “religion” variables, leading to inter-group comparisons.Findings indicate an association of religiosity with negative emotions among participants in psychological counseling. Furthermore, the symbolic interpretation of religious content, and positive emotions, played an important role in the construction of a better mental health, among the other participants, despite the high incidence of war events experienced. However, this role seems to vary according to
Maganga-Bignoumba, Rose de Lima. "Bien-être psychologique et épuisement au travail : l'influence des domaines de vie, de la résilience et des inducteurs professionnels et psychosociaux chez les professionnels de l'aide au Gabon." Thesis, Amiens, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AMIE0043.
Full textGiving meaning to one’s life, is giving an orientation, a direction to finding balance between professional life, private life and psychological health. This research therefore focuses on the psychological health and personal balance of Social workers in Gabon. The study aims at showing the influence of life domains (work and non-work), professional inductors (demands and control), psychosocial (support social) and individual (commitment and resilience) have on psychological well-being and the burnout. The work is based on three theoretical approaches namely: the Job Demands-Control model (Karasek, 1979), the Conservation of Resources theory (Hobfoll, 1989) and the Job Demands-Resources model (Bakker, Demerouti, De Boer, & Schaufeli, 2003). The results of this thesis show different links. Psychological demands and the two forms of conflict significantly influence psychological health. To cope with these requirements, employees have to adapt to different roles, but that is if they get necessary resources. These resources are social support (professional, organizational and extraprofessional), control and resilience. Moreover, work engagement is a value that allows workers to be able to reconcile their domains of life and reduce the harmful effects of professional tiredness. The thesis shows the importance of considering the salaried employee as a whole in the assessment of his psychological health
Feraru, Andrei. "Centralités métropolitaines et renouvellement urbain : la Machine Ségrégationniste Métropolitaine." Paris 10, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA100074.
Full textThe Global-City "naturally" products segregation that "mixity policies" do not reduce, even more, and new, don’t even try to; the postmodern paradigm assumes social fractures as indispensable to the metropolis in the economic competition of the globalized world, mainly by its clusters of excellence proudly displayed. The global city “breaks” from inside in large areas, more and more homogeneous, under the sign of l’entre-soi, refined or suffered, areas that I called Horizons in order to say the confinement of their inhabitants under the impression of the offer, in these vague but not less stringent perimeters, of housing, jobs and services. The progressive purification of these Horizons is a fact of laminarity, term that I borrowed from the fluid mechanics, saying landslides of individuals and groups, without major clashes or mixtures. Freezing? Yes… The global city tries to marry its powerful presence in the globalised economy with its (in suffering) local social pacification by a new know-how praxis, both local and recurrent metropolitan renewal, although codified in Europe as the process of Leipzig. Finally, the modern binomial "natural" segregations /(politics of) mixity turns to a new relationship, post-, the resilience, which links each inhabitant to all the others as for common survival in a shortages and technological and political disasters era to come; a pacified coexistence in expectation. . . The three test cases (Grand Paris, Randstad, Bucharest) express this evolution in contrasting forms but emphasize the essential role of the politics at least to guide the Metropolitan dynamics, if not to control it…
Azzi, Désirée. "Père, sans père : recherche clinique à partir de vingt cinq cas de femmes schizophrènes." Poitiers, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007POIT5031.
Full textThe symbol represented by the father has to present in the psychological life of his daughter, just to avoid that the daughter will fall down in psychosis. What is important is not so much to have a real father but to have a symbolic one. Having a symbolic father requires two conditions : the presence and the speech of the mother as well as the function of the father
Boucon, Valerie. "Les objets inanimés : facteurs de protection dans le processus de résilience." Thesis, Paris 8, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA080022/document.
Full textResilience, viewed as a process, appears to be the result of the dynamical balance between protective and risk factors, considered at the individual family and environmental level.To our knowledge, no publication today discusses the protective function of inanimate objects, such as amulets, talismans or other lucky charms.The research work for this thesis was carried out in Reunion Island. It investigates those specific objects and intend to demonstrate that they are protective factors but also that they produce themselves protective factors which in turn foster resilience.The data exploited in this research were gathered by several studies: The first study was carried out from a questionnaire distributed to eight groups of respondents, the second, third and fourth studies consisted in interviews of respectively individuals that make protective objects, individuals that own and use protective objects and individuals that own and use protective objects they made themselves. The first survey collects 240 responses of a questionnaire, that is 30 within each one of the eight groups of respondents. The groups are distinguished by gender, age (less than 28 years old, from 28 to 50 years old and more than 50 years old) and being a student or not. For students, which represent subjects aged of less that 28 years old, a distinction is made on their major: Sciences or Humanities.The results of the four carried out studies show that: 40% of respondents own a protective object. 35% of the students, 46.6% of respondents aged from 28 to 50 years old and 50% of respondents aged 50 years old or more. 46.6% of individuals that own such objects are women and 35% are men. Owners of such objects do so to protect themselves (87.7%), to protect their children (58.7%), to protect their house (50%) or their vehicle (34.7%), those objects protect firstly against the others and they are alleged to give hope (20%), confidence (19%), serenity (19%), courage (19% and support (17%) to their owners.This research, first of its kind to demonstrate that protective objects can represent, for some individuals, useful and efficient resources against adversity, broadens research perspectives on the role played by specific objects in the resilience process
Zabern, Anne. "Résilience assistée en protection de l'enfance : élaboration d'un programme à l'usage des éducateurs." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AIXM0081.
Full textResearch context: To counter the pathological-focused functioning of the child-protection system in France, we developed an assisted-resilience program for the educators. This program is based on the literature about assisted resilience, on the action research methodology and on the main risk and protective factors related to these professionals, to the children, to their families and to their care setting. Method : This program, developed over the past two years, was implemented on a group of educators working with foster children aged between 6 and 13 years old. We assessed the effects produced on the participants and on the children using a mixed methodology, combining qualitative and quantitative data..Results: Results are encouraging as they underline that important evolutions occurred over the course of the research.With regard to the educators, we can observe an evolution of the children’s and families’ perception; change in the working methods; the creation of a common working culture around the assisted resilience paradigm; the development of a team cohesion; the emergence of a new creativity and the increase of the vocabulary related to emotions.When analyzing the results of the program on children, we can see a better conscience of their emotions; a significant decrease of anxiety and behavioral disorders and better internal security.Conclusion: This is the first program of assisted resilience developed for educators. This research is exploratory but provides a solid baseline to extend this approach in child protection in order to stop the growth of this current pathological-focused vision
Gorini-Mulot, Catherine. "Une élaboration de la haine est elle possible ? : fonction de l'ecriture dans l'oeuvre de Michel Del Castillo." Paris 7, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA070079.
Full textI have tried to show how literary writing has been able to contribute to the resilient process of a man confronted with a succession of traumatisms. Writing indeed opens a space of representation and symbolization to the excessive hatred activated in these special circumstances and allows by the way its reintrication with love in the conflict of ambivalence. The resumption by successive touches of the maternal portrait in the work of Michel Del Castillo, the tone of his writing itself came to testify of this expensive work and its difficulties. The appeal of different strategies of writing allowed him at first to contain the overflowing hatred that submerged him psychically before succeeding gradually in staging it in the form of a lawsuit to the parents under the glance of a reader-witness. But the guilt released at the time of the final verdict came to reveal the difficulty of achieving the mourning of a mother resentfully invested at the price of the commitment in a work of melancholy. The elaboration of hatred would have then become possible at least temporarily and would have allowed Michel Del Castillo to reveal himself in his works as a real bard of Spain, country of his maternal ancestors, earth of investment shared by his two parents
Békaert, Jessica. "Etude et développement d'un instrument de mesure pour les facteurs de résilience chez les adolescents." Thesis, Lille 3, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LIL30053.
Full textAfter having analysed through an exploratory and clinical research, some protection factors playing a part after a traumatism, an in-Depth investigation of international literature was conducted in order to bring to light the relevance of an instrument enabling to comprehend the presence of a larger set of resilience factors. Confronted with the limits of actual psychometric tools and in order to overcome them, a measurement scale has been worked out. Thus, this thesis reports the development and validation steps of a tool constructed with the aim of evaluating the protection factors working together towards resilience. An exploratory factorial data analysis was conducted on 299 French-Speaking participants to test the structure of the I.R.F-40 (Inventory of Resilience Factors). The convergent validity, the temporal stability as well as the internal consistency of the tool have been assessed. The results obtained approve of the three dimension structure (personal, familial and extra-Familial protection factors) and support the validity as well as the reliability of the I.R.F-40. Other analyses have also been conducted in order to validate the factorial structure of the Inventory of Resilience Factors (I.R.F-40) thanks to C.F.A (Confirmatory Factorial Analysis). The analyses conducted confirm the presence of three factors, interpretedin terms of familial protection factors, individual protection factors and extra-Familial protection factors. The study of the divergent validity confirms the predicted links between the I.R.F-40 and Berndt and Kaiser’s composite depression scale (1999). Finally, the I.R.F-40 differentiates the adolescents exposed to a traumatism and who have depression scores atMDI-C to those who experience no depression. Therefore, the I.R.F-40 is a three dimension scale presenting satisfactory psychometric properties. The results are discussed in the light of both their theoretical and practical implications