Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Psychological wellbeing'
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1
Summers, Elisabeth. "Psychological practitioner workplace wellbeing." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2018. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/114995/.
Full textAbstract:
There is extensive research detailing the strong link between healthcare professional wellbeing and the delivery of dignified, safe patient care. While a career as a psychological practitioner is often perceived as fulfilling, it is thought to also generate professional and personal strains which may impact on wellbeing. Paper 1 presents a systematic review examining the prevalence of burnout among practitioner psychologists and the relationship between burnout and specific personal demographic and work-related variables: age, years in service, working hours, gender and work setting. This yielded eight studies meeting the inclusion criteria. Study quality was assessed and data was extracted. Due to inconsistencies with defining and assessing burnout, the overall prevalence of burnout in this population could not be validly determined. However, findings suggest that younger, less experienced individuals and those working longer hours appear to be at increased risk of burnout and/or associated dimensions. Paper 2 presents the development and validation of a new measure to assess psychological practitioner workplace wellbeing. The measure was developed in five stages, followed by an examination of the psychometric properties of the measure utilising a sample of 400 psychological practitioners. The measure was shown to have high internal consistency, high test-retest reliability and high construct validity. Exploratory factor analysis produced a set of six factors explaining 62.1% of the variance in the measure. Results indicate the measure has favourable psychometric properties for the effective assessment of the workplace wellbeing of psychological practitioners. Paper 3 presents a critical appraisal of the research process. This paper includes a reflection on the methodologies used and conclusions drawn, implications of the findings and suggestions for future research. Aspects of personal and professional competency development are also considered.
2
James, Chris W. "The psychological wellbeing of students." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.589526.
Full textAbstract:
There is evidence to suggest that the numbers of students presenting to higher education counselling services with mental health problems are increasing. However, relatively few students disclose having mental health problems when applying to higher education institutions. This systematic review explores the recent research examining the relationship between stigma, help-seeking and mental health issues among students. Demographic factors, sample characteristics, the relationship between stigma and help- seeking and how these constructs are measured were examined. A number of methodological issues are raised. Despite these limitations, evidence suggests there is a significant relationship between stigma and help-seeking, across a variety of student groups and cultures. Overall, evidence shows that students perceiving greater stigma in relation to seeking help for psychological problems are less likely to hold favourable attitudes or intentions towards help-seeking. However, the relationship between perceived stigma and help-seeking behaviour is less clear. The empirical study aimed to examine differences between a student sample and the general population on measures of anxiety, depression and disordered eating, explore gender differences among students, and determine the extent to which perfectionism, mood intolerance, interpersonal difficulties and low self-esteem were associated with disordered eating among students. Overall, students reported greater anxiety than the general population, though did not differ on scores of depression or disordered eating, whilst female students scored significantly higher on measures of disordered eating than males. Hierarchical regression results indicated that perfectionism, mood intolerance, interpersonal difficulties and low self-esteem accounted for a significant amount of the variance in disordered eating for both female and male students. Perfectionism was identified as the weakest predictor, contributing little to the overall model, whilst mood intolerance was found to be the strongest unique predictor of disordered eating. A number of relative strengths and limitations of the current study are discussed, along with suggestions for future research.
3
Johnson, Rachel. "Psychological wellbeing in the perinatal period." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2011. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/49310/.
Full textAbstract:
Chapter one systematically reviews the literature on the psychological impact of breastfeeding on mothers. Whilst breastfeeding is indicated as the superior feeding choice for infants, the full impact on mothers is under-reported. Results show that breastfeeding and weaning have a varied psychological impact on maternal wellbeing, identity and perceptions of role. Where incompatibilities between mothers‟ expectations and lived experiences occur, or where disagreement between self and others is perceived, dissonance, distress and division result. Discussion is made of the implications of these findings for clinical service provision, training and research. Chapter two presents a grounded theory analysis of fathers‟ experiences of attending traumatic childbirth. Despite an increasing trend over recent decades for fathers to attend their children‟s births, relatively little is still known about the potential impact of having been present during a traumatic labour or delivery upon them. In response to this gap in the literature, the current study reports theoretical concepts generated from interviews with fathers. A model of the experiences recounted is also presented, showing that, within the context of their past experiences, antenatal preparation and confidence in the care provided, fathers cycled between seeking control, passive observing, and helplessness. Findings are discussed in relation to the existing literature and the implications of this novel contribution to the subject area for future research and service provision are highlighted. Chapter three discusses the candidate‟s personal observations and reflections on the research process. The impact of parenthood and gender upon research into the perinatal period is considered and effects are noted on the researcher, participants and the research itself. Reflections are discussed with reference to previous research into gender and motherhood in qualitative research, and a call is made for researchers to acknowledge their epistemological positions within their subject fields as a matter of routine.
4
Turnill, Nicola. "Psychological interactions between wellbeing and eating behaviour." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.438384.
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5
Coghlan, Jeanine. "Exploring psychological wellbeing in community orchestra players." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/75215.
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This study concerns the idea that musical involvement contributes to a person’s overall wellbeing. This research aimed to explore wellbeing among members of a community orchestra using the PERMA (positive emotions, engagement, relationships, meaning and accomplishment) model as a framework and a lens through which to understand wellbeing experiences.The idea that musical involvement contributes to a person’s overall wellbeing has been widely suggested by various authors. However, the extent to which this is a reality does not seem to have been sufficiently studied. This research aimed to explore wellbeing among members of a community orchestra using the PERMA (positive emotions, engagement, relationships, meaning and accomplishment) model as a framework and a lens through which to understand wellbeing experiences. The research project was a qualitative study, using a case-study design. Research participants consisted of ten community orchestra musicians in Gauteng, South Africa. Each member was interviewed by means of semi-structured, in-depth interviews, probing their reported experiences that related to wellbeing. The questions were inspired by, and based on, the elements: positive emotions, engagement, relationships, meaning and accomplishment. The results reveal reasons underlying members’ commitment to a community orchestra and particular objectives they establish for themselves. Participants are physically influenced by their involvement, as their wellbeing is enhanced throughout the process. Important relationships are experienced by the orchestra participants and these strengthen to become more meaningful. There are different leadership roles and responsibilities that are essential to the organisation of the community orchestra, which creates a sense of belonging for those who choose to be involved. Members of a community orchestra are motivated by opportunities that foster autonomy and closeness to others. These experiences support participants’ natural tendencies towards psychological and interpersonal integration, revealing the relevance of selfdetermination theory in this study. The orchestra plays an important role in virtuousness and the progress participants make throughout their involvement has great value to them personally. The experience of playing music in a group is meaningful beyond the individual, therefore contributing to an experience of wellbeing. In conclusion, the research reveals that participants experience psychological wellbeing in a community orchestra. This study is the first of its kind in South Africa to investigate this
Dissertation (MMus)--University of Pretoria, 2020.
University of Pretoria
Music
MMus
Unrestricted
6
Davey, Amanda. "Psychological wellbeing among the treatment-seeking trans population." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2016. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/21514.
Full textAbstract:
The overarching aim of this thesis was to explore psychological wellbeing among a treatment seeking population of trans individuals. Specifically, psychopathology and quality of life were studied as key dimensions of psychological wellbeing. The thesis begins with a proposed model of predictors of psychological wellbeing derived from a review of the literature, which includes social support, interpersonal problems, body dissatisfaction, self-esteem, experiences of transphobia, non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI), age and gender. Study 1 proceeds then to focus specifically on levels of perceived social support and its relationship to psychological wellbeing. Study 2 assesses interpersonal problems. Study 3 investigates prevalence rates of NSSI. Drawing on the findings from the previous three studies, Study 4 subsequently tests an amended model of predictors. In terms of the methodology employed across the studies, a cross-sectional questionnaire survey was conducted using standardised measures, a large sample of trans individuals recruited from a national gender identity clinic (GIC), and a matched control group of non-trans (hereafter referred to as cisgender) individuals. Throughout, consideration was given to differences between trans women and trans men as well as how trans individuals compare to cisgender individuals, with regards to each of the variables tested. The thesis concludes with a revised model of predictors, in addition to recommendations for preventing the development of poor psychological wellbeing and interventions for improving poor psychological wellbeing among the trans population.
7
O'Connell, Christine. "Integrating physical and psychological wellbeing in child health." Thesis, Canterbury Christ Church University, 2016. http://create.canterbury.ac.uk/15004/.
Full textAbstract:
Research shows that the integration of physical and mental healthcare in paediatric settings is beneficial in terms of clinical and cost effectiveness (Kahana, Drotar, & Frazier, 2008; Douglas & Benson 2008, Griffin & Christie, 2008). Due to the high rates of mental health problems within this population, several studies have shown that referral to paediatric psychology should be increased (e.g. Wagner & Smith, 2007). However, there are few studies investigating factors influencing healthcare professionals’ referral behaviour. The current study used theory of planned behaviour (Ajzen, 1988; 1991) to develop a questionnaire which explores factors influencing the referral of children and families to paediatric psychology. Psychometric properties of the questionnaire were examined. Findings indicate that the questionnaire holds good reliability and validity and that the main constructs of theory of planned behaviour are useful in predicting intention to refer to paediatric psychology. Specific beliefs about referral were also shown to influence intention to refer. Findings that individual referrer factors such as attitudes and beliefs can impact healthcare professionals’ referral behaviour indicates that multidisciplinary interventions and inter-professional education relating to the psychological aspects of illness are required. Recommendations for future research are discussed.
8
Demarco, Melanie Eve. "Assessing and promoting psychological wellbeing among healthcare employees." Thesis, City University London, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.591916.
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This thesis presents two studies conducted over several years in the field of psychological wellbeing within the National Health System in Malta. The thesis is entitled' Assessing and promoting psychological wellbeing among healthcare employees'. The first study in this project aimed at assessing the psychological wellbeing of all the healthcare employees working within the NHS in Malta while the second study aimed at promoting psychological wellbeing with a small group of physiotherapists working within an NHS Outpatients Clinic in Malta. A further aim of this thesis was to learn more about the possibility of emancipatory change through empowerment, drawing from a Participatory Action Research (PAR) design. Incorporating the two studies exemplified the values in Counselling Psychology, in taking a detailed assessment of the context and the lived experience of the people being studied and then helping in bringing about a change in the situation for the better through co-participation and empowerment of the research participants. The experience of conducting this research has 'enabled the researcher to further develop the value of pragmatism as a way of appreciating the use of both quantitative and qualitative research methodologies. Pragmatism also allowed the researcher to embrace methods that were appropriate and is thus resonant with the value system of the researcher to be driven by the aims of the research. Empowerment was a recurring theme within the two studies. Together, the two studies can be seen as a research endeavour with three aims: 1. To assess and explore the psychological wellbeing of the employees working within the Maltese National Health System. 2. To translate and examine the factor structure of the Maltese version of the GHQ-28. 3. An attempt to enhance the current situation in a way that could potentially lead to further positive changes in the future through the empowerment of the participants themselves and the insights they gain during this process. Study 1 assessed the wellbeing of employees from different occupational groups who filled in the General Health Questionnaire -28 (N=1 13 1). Furthermore, in this study five focus groups were conducted with two directors, five physiotherapists, five nurses, nine nursing officers and four health inspectors. The use of a mixed methods research design provided more depth to the analysis as the qualitative data complemented the quantitative data. This provided the basis for Study 2 in which a Participatory Action Research design was utilized with a small group of five physiotherapists. The outcome of this research benefited other employees within the organization, and can be further applied with other occupational groups. The relative lack of empirical research about the psychological wellbeing of health care employees in Malta to date highlights the significance of this thesis. The findings from this thesis will contribute to the understanding of the significance of utilizing PAR as an intervention designed to promote psychological wellbeing within organizations. Furthermore, the experience of the participants in working within this particular organization may be generalized to other related settings. This thesis can be an inspiration to those who aspire to empower others within the organization.
9
Haslam, Michelle Lisa. "Emotional expression and psychological wellbeing in cancer survivors." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2014. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/5470/.
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Objective: This review aims to systematically evaluate empirical literature relating to the efficacy of emotional expression interventions in those with cancer. Method: A systematic review of the published literature was conducted. Databases searched included Web of Science, PubMed, PsycInfo, and Embase. Only randomised controlled trials examining expressive writing interventions in cancer patients were included. A total of 17 studies consisting of a total of 1755 heterogenous cancer patients were included in this review. Results: The majority of included studies in this review suggest that expressive writing interventions hold no psychological benefits for people with cancer. Physical health benefits were found however and these included lower pain ratings, fewer cancer-related doctor’s visits and better sleep quality. Results suggest that expressive writing interventions may not be feasible to conduct with palliative care patients. Despite the absence of evidence that expressive writing interventions reduced psychological distress for people with cancer, the authors of these trials continue to argue that expressive writing interventions are ‘feasible’ and well received by participants. Discussion: There are several possible reasons that could account for these null findings: 1.) insufficient power, 2.) low rates of depression and anxiety, and high levels of quality of life in study participants, 3.) insufficient differences between expressive writing and neutral writing interventions, 4.) asking participants to write about cancer-related trauma only.
10
Rennie, Anne Marie. "Psychological wellbeing following miscarriage from a salutogenic perspective." Thesis, Robert Gordon University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10059/2140.
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Previous research into the psychological impact of miscarriage has taken a pathogenic approach, with limited research examining the factors that relate to enhanced psychological wellbeing. As a result, it is difficult to understand what predicts lower anxiety, depression and higher wellbeing. In order to address such gaps this study employed mixed methods, using a salutogenic perspective to investigate the effects of miscarriage on women's psychological wellbeing and to identify factors related to enhanced psychological wellbeing over time.
11
Slater, Erin Jayne. "Psychological Resilience and Wellbeing in Adolescents Born Premature." Master's thesis, Canberra, ACT : The Australian National University, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/143574.
Full textAbstract:
Children born preterm often experience poorer psychological
outcomes at each
developmental life stage compared to full-term peers. However,
this vulnerable population is
often considered remarkable for their resilience in the face of
adversity. To examine
difficulties in psychological wellbeing and establish possible
patterns of resilience with the
preterm population, this study uses data from the prospective
Longitudinal Study of
Australian Children (LSAC) to assess the association between
prematurity and the stability of
internalising problems from 10-11 to 14-15 years. The study
investigates the interacting
effects of gestational period, gender and parental warmth on the
stability of severity of
internalising problems following the transition to adolescence.
Data from 44 very preterm
(VPT), 195 moderate preterm (MPT) and 2851 term born adolescent
participants in the LSAC
was used. Gestational period was found to be predictive of
resilience, with durations less
than 32 weeks associated with increased internalising
difficulties during the transition to
adolescence compared to non-preterm and moderate preterm. Gender
moderated the
association between gestational age and increased internalising
problems with very preterm
female adolescents encountering the highest internalising
psychopathology and the greatest
magnitude of change between middle childhood and adolescence.
Parental warmth was not
predictive of stability of psychological wellbeing in preterm
respondents. These findings may
help inform early intervention practices for preterm populations
in boosting child coping
capacities and peer and parent support prior to adolescence, and
prompt further research into
the mechanisms driving the distinct pattern of psychological
resilience of females born very
prematurely.
12
Wong, Ho-ting Alison, and 黃皓婷. "Investigating the role of psychological resources in the relationship between cognitive processes and psychological wellbeing." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2012. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B50700510.
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Cognitive deficits have been shown to be responsible for the onset and maintenance of depression, while psychological resources are known to enhance psychological wellbeing. The present study aimed to understand the mechanism of depression by integrating both perspectives. Partial support was found for the hypothesis that participants with higher levels of negative attentional bias tended to engage in more brooding rumination, which in turn predicted more depressive symptoms. On the other hand, partial support was found for the hypothesis that participants with higher levels of cautiousness or vitality tended to engage in less negative attentional bias and brooding rumination, which in turn predicted less depressive symptoms. Implications for clinical practice and research were discussed in detail.published_or_final_version
Clinical Psychology
Master
Master of Social Sciences
13
Hendey, Briahna M. "Balancing Diet and Wellbeing: Exploring the Relationship Between Wise Consumption, Meat Reduction, and Psychological Wellbeing." The Ohio State University, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1598240064757451.
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Peters, Dorian. "Designing for psychological wellbeing Development of a research-based toolkit for wellbeing supportive technology design." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2022. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/29242.
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Growing concern over the impact of digital technologies on psychological wellbeing has prompted technology companies to develop initiatives on ‘digital wellbeing’. However, these initiatives tend to focus on helping users change their behaviour rather than on changing technology itself. Yet, it is unclear why users should bear the burden of adjusting to, or self-regulating against, designs that aren’t aligned with their psychological needs.
Many designers are motivated to improve the psychological impact of technologies but there is little rigorous guidance on how to do so in practice. Using the Self-determination theory (SDT), this research leverages a sound theoretical model to help designers improve the psychological impact of technologies based on rigorous guidance on how to do so in practice:
1. How can wellbeing psychology be rigorously and systematically applied to the technology design process to improve the extent to which technologies support wellbeing?
2. How could this knowledge be effectively transferred to practitioners to help them support psychological wellbeing through design, keeping in mind the need for both rigor and practicality?
3. What evidence-based design guidelines can be derived from existing literature to help designers create more ‘wellbeing supportive’ technologies?
4. Can an entirely online collaborative and self-facilitated version of a design workshop be developed that is as effective as the analogue and in-person original at helping designers create more wellbeing supportive technologies?
To answer these, I conducted a staged process of mixed-methods research with 155 participants through interviews and iterative development of a toolkit of methods and resources. Studies show the toolkit was effective in translating wellbeing psychology into actionable guidance for designers based on measures of satisfaction and learning outcomes. The work draws on self-determination theory – an evidence-based psychological theory of wellbeing – and leverages the METUX model which applies this theory to HCI.
Key contributions of this research include insights from three empirical research studies, a set of evidence-based guidelines for wellbeing supportive design, and a toolkit which translates new research knowledge into a format relevant to design practice.
15
Carruthers, Samantha Jane. "Illness representations and psychological wellbeing in adults with cancer." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2016. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/16949/.
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Background: Research has shown that the emotional impact of cancer can be more difficult to cope with than practical or physical demands and a diagnosis can have significant short- and long-term psychological sequalae including depression, anxiety, difficulties in adjustment and coping and associated poor quality of life (Vachon, 2006). The common-sense model of illness representations has been widely cited as a useful theoretical framework to explain how individuals with chronic illnesses such as cancer think about and respond to their condition (Leventhal & Nerenz, 1985). Aims: Two systematic reviews were conducted to identify studies that had measured the prospective relationship between illness representations and the psychological health of cancer patients (Review 1) and to identify studies that had developed interventions to modify the illness perceptions of cancer patients to improve their psychological health (Review 2). Methods: Using best practice guidelines for systematic reviews (Centre for Reviews and Dissemination, 2009) two independent systematic reviews were conducted. Results: Review 1 identified seven studies that had measured the prospective relationship between illness perceptions and psychological health outcomes in cancer patients. The majority of these studies found that patients with the most negative illness perceptions had the poorest psychological health in the future. Review 2 identified thirteen studies that had developed interventions to either directly target illness perceptions or had hypothesised that other types of intervention would indirectly change patient’s cancer related illness perceptions. Findings revealed some interventions were more effective than others in improving the psychological health of cancer patients, largely depending on their design and content. Discussion: Illness perceptions were overall predictive of several psychological health outcomes in cancer patients although there was a lack of methodological consistency in the measurement of illness perceptions making synthesis challenging. Interventions were more likely to be effective if they did not specifically target illness perceptions and if they were comprised multiple ‘active’ components including increased access to social support, homework based activity, group discussion, skills based training and improving the expression of emotions. Relaxation training appeared to be a significant component useful in facilitating psychological improvements in this patient group. Conclusions: Future research would benefit from further exploration of the process of change in such complex interventions in order determine which ingredients or indeed combination of ingredients are necessary for interventions to be effective in improving psychological health.
16
Parkinson, Abbie. "The Psychological Wellbeing Practitioner experience : an interpretative phenomenological analysis." Thesis, Staffordshire University, 2018. http://eprints.staffs.ac.uk/4888/.
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This thesis evaluates the current literature on staff experiences within Improving Access to Psychological Therapies (IAPT) services. It extends on current knowledge and directly explores the experiences of Psychological Wellbeing Practitioners (PWPs). Chapter one is a literature review, appraising what it is known about the experiences of clinical staff in IAPT services. Burnout and stress were found to be significant experiences of this population. Potential differences between IAPT professionals were also indicated. Limited qualitative research has been conducted in this area. It was recommended that further exploratory research is completed with independent staff groups, particularly PWPs. Chapter two is an empirical paper designed to answer two research questions: How do PWPs experience their role? What meaning do PWPs give to these experiences? Nine participants were recruited to complete semi-structured interviews. Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis was employed, which indicated four superordinate themes: The Business Model, Process of Internalisation, Emotional and Clinical Impact, and Supportive Structures. The clinical implications and areas for service development are discussed with recommendations for future research. Chapter three is an executive summary of the research paper. This aims to improve the accessibility and usability of the research. The paper is aimed at professionals, as they are the focus of this thesis.
17
Stevens, Elizabeth K. "Appraisal and Coping: Mediators between Caregiver Stress and Psychological Wellbeing." online version, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=case1193879393.
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Paull, Kelly. "Alexithymia, attachment and psychological wellbeing in young adults leaving care." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2013. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/51023/.
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The relatively poor outcomes of young people who have grown up in Local Authority care are well documented. However, little is known about the psychological constructs that may contribute to, or underpin, these poor psychological and social outcomes. This study explored whether a group of care-leavers differed from a group of similar aged individuals who grew up with their birth families with respect to alexithymia, attachment security and psychological distress. A secondary aim of the study was to add to the growing understanding of how these psychological constructs relate to one another. A group of care-leavers (n=43) were recruited to take part in the study through care-leaver social care teams. The comparison group (n=43) consisted of young adult students who attended a further education college in the same geographical area. The groups were matched for gender and educational achievement. All participants were asked to complete four self-report questionnaires: a demographics questionnaire, an alexithymia assessment, a measure of attachment related anxiety and avoidance and a measure of psychological distress. Contrary to the hypotheses, statistical analyses of the results demonstrated that the groups were not significantly different with respect to psychological distress and attachment. However, the care-leaver group reported significantly higher scores on the alexithymia measure, in particular reporting more difficulties describing feelings. Significant positive correlations were found between attachment, alexithymia and psychological distress. One component of alexithymia, difficulties identify feelings, was a significant predictor of psychological distress in a regression analysis. Alexithymia, and in particular the difficulties identifying feelings subscale, were significant mediators of the relationship between attachment insecurity and psychological distress. The implications of these findings are discussed in relation to possibilities for therapeutic work with care-leavers and more generally with all young adults experiencing psychological difficulties.
19
Griffing, Gene A. "Creativity and religious orientation : an interactional study of psychological wellbeing." Virtual Press, 2002. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1233199.
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Past research has shown that both creativity and religious orientation are related to psychological wellbeing. There has also been some support for the idea that a relationship exists between creativity and religiosity. The present study sought to determine whether the interaction between creativity and religious orientation would be a significant predictor of psychological wellbeing. Psychological wellbeing, in the current study, was defined as the linear composite of life satisfaction, meaning in life, and purpose in life. The independent variables were measured using the Religious Orientation Scale, the Religious Orientation Scale Revised, and the Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking. Dependent variables were assessed via the Satisfaction with Life Scale, the Scales of Psychological Wellbeing Short Forms, and the Life Attitude Profile Revised. Questionnaires were administered to 291 college students at a mid-western university. Individuals were identified as being either high or low in creativity and as either intrinsic or extrinsic with respect to their religious orientation. A final participant sample participant sample of 120 participants was retained for analysis and a two by two factorial MANOVA was performed to determine if creativity and religious orientation would interact. While the results of the study suggested that creativity and religious orientation were both significant predictors of psychological wellbeing, the interaction of these variables was not found to be a significant predictor of psychological wellbeing. The independent factor of creativity was found to be a significant predictor beyond the .05 level for psychological wellbeing, satisfaction with life, purpose in life, and meaning in life. Similarly, religious orientation as an independent factor was found to be a significant predictor beyond the .05 level for psychological wellbeing, purpose in life, and having meaning in life. While this data is consistent with the current literature, religious orientation was not a significant predictor of life satisfaction. It was postulated that the lack of interaction may have been attributed to low variability in test scores, developmental characteristics of the sample, and/or the more precise psychometric properties of the instruments used in the current study. Recommendations for future research were suggested.Department of Counseling Psychology and Guidance Services
20
Hashempour, Faramarz. "Use of cognitive measurement tools in prediction of psychological wellbeing." Thesis, University of Bedfordshire, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10547/622694.
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Prediction of psychological wellbeing was investigated utilising a specific set of cognitive measures. This study considered a mixed method approach, progressing in three main phases. First study (the pilot study) involved (n=147) participants where data analysis was conducted using ANOVA, multiple regression and Structural Equation Modelling (SEM). The Pilot study considered six measures of thinking Style or Dysfunctional Attitude Scale (DAS-24), Attributional Style Questionnaire (ASQ-6 negative), Meta-cognitive Awareness Questionnaire (MAQ), Mastery/control, Cybernetic Coping Scale (CCS-15) and Beck Depression Inventory BDI-II. The correlation analysis showed positive association between variables with predictive approximation of 30% for depressive symptoms. The pilot study’s confirmatory factor and path analysis results produced supporting evidence of predictive quality with a good fit with model. The second phase comprised of a two-wave panel survey which included most of the measures from study one but added a 12-item version of Eysenck’s Personality Inventory, while the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and General Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) measures replaced the BDI-II. Regression analysis indicated that approximately 50% of the variance in PHQ scores could be predicted with DAS-24, mastery, ASQ and Neuroticism being the strongest predictors. A second regression analysis predicted 65% of the variance in GAD7 scores with DAS success and perfectionism sub factor being the strongest predictor. A series of confirmatory factor analysis was conducted as well as regression and covariance analysis of the identified variables. Longitudinal path analyses were performed indicating that approximately 74% of the variance in PHQ9 scores and 71% of the variance in GAD7 scores at time two could be predicted, with the time one well-being measures the strongest predictors. The most striking findings related to the role of Neuroticism in prediction of psychological wellbeing. Third phase of this mixed method study considered qualitative approach, using framework analysis. Participants were twelve clinicians who currently working with clients with depressive or anxiety based difficulties. The main findings indicated that all previously identified independent variables of thinking style, perception, control and though awareness contributing towards psychological wellbeing. Other notable observation included participant’s clinical training modality that influenced the choice of responses. Overall tested hypotheses in both modalities of studies provided additional knowledge and understanding by offering a unique theoretical perspective, where the correlation between psychological wellbeing and cognitive processes could be predicted when utilising specific sets of measures.
21
Axisa, Carmen. "Doctors' Wellbeing: A Study of Burnout and Psychological Distress in Australian Physician Trainees." Thesis, University of Sydney, 2021. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/24403.
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Background
Burnout anxiety, depression and associated distress are frequently reported in doctors and have been extensively studied. They not only impact on doctors’ wellbeing but also on patient care.
Methods
The study used a randomised controlled design with a workshop intervention. Sixty-seven physician trainees from New South Wales Australia were recruited into the study, and participants were randomly assigned into intervention and control groups. The study timeline consisted of a baseline measurement and 3-months and 6-months measurements post workshop intervention. Workshop evaluations were conducted after each workshop. Outcome measures included Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS), Professional Quality of Life Scale (ProQOL) and Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT). Demographic factors, attitudes to doctors’ health, lifestyle and other work-related factors were also measured.
Results
Around half of the respondents met criteria for depression (53%), stress (51%) and anxiety (46%). More than three-quarters of respondents had high levels of burnout (76%) and secondary traumatic stress (90%) at baseline. A higher proportion of females had ‘Risky’ alcohol use than males (P=0.023). Respondents who did not report taking a holiday in the past twelve months had higher AUDIT scores than those who did take a holiday in the past 12 months (P=0.022) and were more likely to be at risk of depression (P=0.031).
Workshop evaluations showed that participants agreed that the training was relevant to their needs, met their expectations and they would recommend the workshop to their medical colleagues. There was a small reduction in alcohol use, depression and burnout in the intervention group compared with the control group measured at the primary endpoint at six months, but these changes did not reach statistical significance.
Conclusion
These findings demonstrate high levels of psychological morbidity among physician trainees and a need to improve their wellbeing. Workplace systems need to promote healthy work environments and support physician trainees via appropriate mentorship and supervision. A change of culture within the medical community is needed in order to remove barriers for doctors seeking help for mental health problems.
22
Mitchell, Mark. "Psychological preparation of patients undergoing day surgery." Thesis, University of Salford, 2002. http://usir.salford.ac.uk/2893/.
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The aim of the study was to discover the most suitable methods of psychologically preparing patients for modern day surgery and to formulate a pre-operative nursing plan which embraces such methods. Contemporary evidence suggests the level of information provided, individual coping style, anxiety and social cognitions may strongly influence the psychological status of patients undergoing surgery. However, the most crucial aspect within day surgery may concern the degree to which the level of information provided meets with individual requirements i.e. information matched with maximum (vigilant coper) and minimum (avoidant coper) levels of requirement. A convenience sample of 120 patients undergoing intermediate, non-life threatening, gynaecological laparoscopic day surgery were contacted prior to admission and randomly assigned into two groups. Group I received an extended information booklet and Group II a simple information booklet. All participants received a questionnaire pack pre-operatively which was utilised to determine coping style, anxiety, health locus of control and self-efficacy. Initially, the nurses rated participants in receipt of the extended information as less anxious, irrespective of coping style (F (1, 47) = 4.257, p = 0.45). However, irrespective of the information booklet received, participants with a vigilant coping style encountered greater external health locus of control (F (1, 47) = 4.249, p = 0.045). Again, irrespective of the information booklet received, participants with a vigilant coping style also experienced lower self-efficacy (F (1, 47) = 6.173, p = 0.017). As participants in receipt of the extended information booklet were observed to be less anxious, the ability of the booklet to alleviate anxiety is discussed. Additionally, regardless of information received, vigilant coping behaviour was associated with diminished health locus of control and lower self-efficacy. Such sub-optimal appraisals are equally explored. An innovative plan is proposed providing explicit psycho-educational guidance for intervention throughout modern elective day surgery. Incorporation of this strategy into nursing practice is outlined and techniques for implementation recommended.
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Barnard, Louise. "Neuropsychological functioning and psychological wellbeing in women with polycystic ovary syndrome." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.432639.
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Thurston, Meghan. "Psychological wellbeing during cross-sex hormone transition : a mixed methods study." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/38227.
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Gender dysphoria is the distress experienced because of the disparity between an individual’s psychological gender and sex assigned at birth. Some individuals that experience gender dysphoria pursue medical and psychological interventions and transition. This thesis examines the impact of gender transition. Literature review: Sexuality is a multifaceted construct that may be influenced by our gender identity. The current thematic review appraised and synthesised findings from seven qualitative articles. Two main themes regarding ‘re-negotiating previous ‘norms’’, and ‘establishing identity’ were generated. The quality of the articles suggested there is scope for improvement when conducting qualitative research in this area. Empirical report: The empirical study examined psychological wellbeing during cross sex hormone transition. Cross sex hormone transition aims to alleviate distress experienced as a consequence of gender dysphoria. The study adopted a mixed methods approach to determine if there was any statistical change in psychological variables over time, and to supplement this with an understanding of the experiences that were occurring. A total of 60 questionnaires were completed and the data were examined using descriptive, correlation, multiple regression, and paired sample t-test analysis. A total of two individuals participated in a photo elicitation interview and discussed their experience of their psychological wellbeing during cross sex hormone transition. The quantitative findings suggest that prior to starting cross sex hormone transition, individuals experience statistically elevated rates of anxiety, and depression, and lower self-esteem. Interpersonal functioning and self-esteem predicted variance in anxiety, and interpersonal functioning predicted variance in depression. Over the course of cross sex hormone transition there were statistical improvements in self-esteem and body dysphoria. The qualitative findings revealed super-ordinate themes of: discovery; self-protection; and critical stance and responsibility. Critical appraisal: The critical appraisal details the research journey and learning points that occurred. Issues relating to both personal and professional development are considered.
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Prajapati, Sheetal. "South Asian Women and Girls: Culture Conflict, Coping and Psychological Wellbeing." Thesis, Coventry University, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.487548.
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The increased rates ofpsychological distress in immigrant South Asian women and adolescent girls have been widely documented, along wIth their tendency to· 1- -.---- ..... _ ... .1_ •. '1. ..... '. __'. v· -_. ---......__. ,_ ..~ . __....._y!....'=' .. ~. , • .).'':'':'_ underutilise mental health services. Empirical studies on the causes ofdistress in this group are noticeably scant, however, culture conflict, or the dissonance between traditional and Western values, has been offered as a common explanation. Little is· also known about the coping strategies that South Asian females utilise and how these may relate to help seeking behaviour. Given the paucity ofliterature in this field, further research exploring culture conflict issues, strategies for managing distress and their implications for services is necessitated. Chapter one in this thesis reviews studies implicating culture conflict as a precipitating factor in the psychological morbidity of South Asian adolescent females living in the . West. The literature is reviewed on conceptual and methodological grounds to assess the credibility ofthe culture conflict hypothesis as precursor to distress in this group. The second chapter presents an empirical study, where a grounded theory approach is adopted to explore culture conflict, coping and help seeking behaviour in an adult community sample ofHindu South Asian women. Finally, the third chapter is a reflective paper which encapsulates the primary investigator's reflections on salient aspects ofthe research process. /
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Fyffe, Adam. "Children and young people's understanding of psychological problems and emotional wellbeing." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.510420.
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Jones, Bridget. "Patients' perspectives in multiple sclerosis : uncertainty and anxiety hinder psychological wellbeing." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.654754.
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Multiple sclerosis (MS), diagnosed at young age, is characterised by fluctuating symptoms, treatment ambiguity and uncertain prognosis. Depression and anxiety are generally considered as comorbid responses, with anxiety and denial as temporary phases in models of adjustment to chronic illness. This thesis proposed that early fears could persist to promote maladaptive coping and hinder adjustment. The research comprised four studies aimed at investigating anxieties, measuring their association with adjustment and assessing the feasibility of piloting an intervention to address anxiety. Narrative analysis of experiences recorded for study one (N=7) highlighted emotional isolation and future-oriented fear as important responses, particularly related to disability. A systematic review of literature in this area spotlighted published indications that anxiety may be health specific, separate from depression and requiring investigation. Study two (N=238) provided evidence from self-report cross-sectional data that diagnosis anxieties and fear predicted avoidance at 12 to 18 months. Avoidance predicted maladaptive coping, which contributed negatively to long-term outcome. Study three (N=41) focussed on data from an optional section of the study two survey to assess the feasibility of drawing concerns, whether this visual method would be acceptable to participants, and if the data could be suitable for evaluating and rescripting inappropriately negative responses. Participants who provided visual representations of responses to MS were found to be representative of the main sample. Findings also indicated that data demonstrated descriptive content, symbolism, syntax and holistic representations that could be evaluated and rescripted. Based on the well-researched method of expressive writing, study four (N=21) piloted visual methods as an intervention for rescripting disproportionately fearful heuristic responses. Thesis findings provided a thread of patient-centred experiences and research evidence revealing an insightful montage of coping approaches. The diagnosis environment, patient perceptions, cognitive interpretations, emotional reactions and behavioural responses concurred with existing literature. The novel finding across all studies was that anxiety processes may not reflect temporary stages of coping. They represent a complex interactive and potentially fluctuating response in the face of future-oriented threat imposed by MS. An art-based intervention could usefully access and adjust adverse heuristics that hinder adaptation.
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Smith, Rachelle. "The application of third-wave therapies to psychological wellbeing following stroke." Thesis, Staffordshire University, 2017. http://eprints.staffs.ac.uk/4622/.
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Stroke has a major impact on the health and wellbeing of the world’s population. As well as physical health difficulties, many people experience psychological distress, which can also impact on recovery. There is, however, little known about which psychological interventions may be beneficial to psychological wellbeing following stroke. There is growing interest in the application of third-wave therapies in this area. A literature review found eight studies where this type of intervention has been used with stroke survivors, five group studies and three case studies. The methodological quality of these was generally low; however, they provided data regarding the potential benefits of third-wave therapies. These benefits included reducing symptoms of anxiety and depression, improving physical health, and helping people to live valued lives. This is a good starting point for further work; however, it was unclear which aspects of third-wave therapies were important. To address this, a Q methodology study was designed which aimed to explore the components of third-wave therapies and their relevance to people’s psychological wellbeing following a stroke. Ten participants were recruited from inpatient stroke wards. They sorted 40 statements which represented different components related to third-wave therapies. A two-factor solution was uncovered, with a third unique viewpoint also retained. Factor one revealed the importance of values and committed action, which was related to psychological wellbeing following stroke. Factor two was characterised as creative hopelessness, with people accepting that they need help, being focused on the past and future. Viewpoint three was defined as a disconnection from humanity with a lack of compassion for self and others. Three statements were identified which could be used to identify an individual’s viewpoint. This could provide a helpful way to think about the most appropriate intervention for an individual following stroke. The final paper provides reflections on the research process.
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Ingham, Charlotte. "Experiences of same-sex oriented women in relation to psychological wellbeing." Thesis, Lancaster University, 2015. http://eprints.lancs.ac.uk/75130/.
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This thesis explores issues related to same-sex oriented women's psychological wellbeing, including their experiences of same-sex partner bereavement in later life and their experiences of informal social support. The literature review explored how non-heterosexual women experience informal social support. A metasynthesis was conducted exploring the findings of 16 papers identified through a systematic literature search. Four main themes were derived: (i) Disconnection from family life, (ii) The benefits of cross-sexual orientation friendships, (iii) Negotiating (internalised) homophobia and seeking a space for authenticity, and (iv) The intimacy of friendships between women. Collectively these themes represent non-heterosexual women's experiences of social support and friendship in the context of a heteronormative culture. Clinical implications outline a role for social, psychological and societal interventions to assist non-heterosexual women in developing supportive networks, to improve psychological wellbeing. The research paper explored the experiences of same-sex partner bereavement in older women. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with eight women. Interviews were transcribed and analysed using interpretative phenomenological analysis. Analysis identified a number of concepts that have been extensively documented in previous research on bereavement with other groups, including heterosexual older people. These were not discussed further, as the focus of the paper was on experiences where the participants' identities as older, same-sex oriented women seemed salient. Instead, the results and discussion outline three novel themes, which highlight experiences specific to this group. The findings indicate that older women may face particular challenges following same-sex partner bereavement, which can impact upon psychological wellbeing and adjustment to loss. Clinical implications suggest a role for psychological, social, service level and societal interventions. Adaptations to existing models of bereavement are proposed, and future research recommendations are made. The critical appraisal outlines personal reflections on the research, and strengths and limitations of the research are discussed further.
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Green, Helen. "Key components of effective psychological wellbeing practitioners : evidence from routine practice." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2011. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/1703/.
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Doyle, Ciaran. "Physical Activity, Sedentary Behaviour and Psychological Wellbeing in Emirati University Students." Thesis, Griffith University, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/385556.
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The university years often overlap with young adulthood which is a key life stage when health behaviours and wellbeing may be compromised. To inform culturally appropriate interventions to address this, there is a need for more research in Arabic speaking populations as research with university students in Western countries may not be generalizable in the Arab world due to socio cultural differences. The aim of this thesis was to understand physical activity, sedentary behaviour and psychological wellbeing in Emirati university students.
Study one was a psychometric study of a self-administered version of the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire-Arabic (GPAQ-Arabic). A total of 93 Emirati university students completed the instrument on two occasions 7 days apart, and 48 also wore an accelerometer for 7 days. Test-retest reliability and criterion validity were assessed using Spearman’s rho and Bland-Altman plots. Test-retest reliability was acceptable for moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA), but fair for sedentary behaviour. Criterion validity of the MVPA measure was fair.
Study two involved the development and psychometric assessment of a domain specific, self-administered, Arabic language, sedentary behaviour questionnaire (The Sitting and Reclining Time Questionnaire-Arabic [SART-A]). A total of 61 Emirati university students completed the instrument on two occasions 7 days apart, and 26 also wore an accelerometer for 7 days. Test-retest reliability and criterion validity were assessed using Spearman’s rho and Bland-Altman plots. Test-retest reliability of the SART-A was acceptable for weekday, weekend day and usual day sedentary behaviour, however the criterion validity of the instrument was less promising.
Studies three, four and five used data from a cross-sectional survey study of Emirati university students. A total of 628 participants completed Arabic language questionnaires assessing physical activity; sedentary behaviour; psychological wellbeing; knowledge of physical activity guidelines and mental health benefits, and preferences for activity type and context. Generalised linear modelling was used to assess potential differences in prevalence by gender. Bivariate associations using explanatory variables of age, gender and BMI were also explored for knowledge of physical activity guidelines and mental health benefits, and preferences for activity type and contexts. Almost three-quarters (74%) of students met guidelines of >150 minutes of MVPA/week. Median time spent in sedentary behaviour was 10 hours/day on a usual day, weekday, and weekend day. A total of 69% reported high or very high satisfaction with life. However, 65% also reported depressive symptoms, 69% reported anxiety symptoms, and 46% reported stress. No significant gender differences were found. Only 3% of respondents correctly identified activity guidelines as 150 mins/week MVPA. Most respondents believed that exercise could improve wellbeing (69%), and help manage depression (71%) and anxiety/stress (74%). Women were more likely than men to view exercise as a way to manage depression (p=0.003) and anxiety/stress (p=0.002). A fun element was the most preferred context for physical activities (87.1%). Walking (66.7%) and swimming (61.7%) were the most preferred activity types. Men had significantly higher odds to prefer competitive activities; and football, weights, and jogging. Women had significantly higher odds to prefer activities with people of the same gender, with supervision and done at home; and walking, aerobics, cycling, squash, and yoga.
Study six involved five focus groups with female Emirati university students (n=25) to explore barriers to and enablers of physical activity. Emergent themes were identified and analysed using Nvivo software. The main barriers were lack of family support, gender roles associated with family responsibilities, social media use, lack of convenient access to female only facilities, and hot weather. The main enablers were low cost and convenient female only gyms; support via friends, family and social media; and physical activity timetabled within the academic schedule.
Study seven was a systematic review and meta-analysis study to assess the efficacy of physical activity interventions to promote wellbeing in university students. Five databases were systematically searched to identify randomised controlled trials. Methodological quality of studies was assessed using Downs and Black scale and quantitative analysis was performed using Revman 5.3 software. A total of 6,138 studies were identified and 11 were included in the final review. Overall, there was a small significant effect of physical activity for depression (standardised mean difference (SMD) 0.47), and anxiety (SMD 0.28). There was no significant effect of physical activity for quality of life.
This research program indicates that Emirati university students have high levels of sedentary behaviour, depression and anxiety. Physical activity interventions could be an acceptable and effective way to manage depression and anxiety, however, the majority of students lack knowledge of physical activity guidelines. Interventions should be tailored by gender for context and type and should also consider specific socio-cultural barriers and enablers related to female students’ participation. More research is needed to identify valid self-report measures of MVPA for this population.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Applied Psychology
Griffith Health
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Mpofu, Jabulani. "Psychological wellbeing of adolescents with physical disabilities in inclusive community settings." Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/60967.
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The purpose of this study was to explore the psychological wellbeing of adolescents with physical disabilities living in inclusive community settings in Zimbabwe. An inclusive community is one that aims to remove exclusionary practice within the community and promote community's systems that accept all people, regardless of their differences. A constructivist lived experience perspective underpinned this research, in which the researcher used multiple case studies to interact with the participants about their inclusion and psychological wellbeing as adolescents with physical disabilities. The 14 participants (nine males and five females) were purposively sampled. Data was collected through face-to-face interviews.
Four themes emerged from the inductive thematic analysis of data sources. It was found that participants in this study were involved in various inclusive community activities available within their communities. The study also found that parent, the government, the community and donor communities were working together towards improving the lives of adolescents with physical disabilities in the communities in which they live. These stakeholders assumed different roles, such as providing disability awareness education, vocational counselling, and inclusive infrastructure and resources. The study also found that the participants encountered environmental restrictions in choosing inclusion activities in which to participate in their communities.
The findings of this study have the potential to help the policy makers and researchers in inclusive communities to better understand the needs of adolescents with physical disabilities living in these communities. Furthermore, the current research has the potential to guide future research and develop future initiatives to improve the psychological wellbeing of adolescents with physical disabilities, thus improving their outcomes and quality of life.Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2016.
Educational Psychology
PhD
Unrestricted
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Cole, Kenneth, and n/a. "Good for the Soul: The Relationship between Work, Wellbeing, and Psychological Capital." University of Canberra. Business and Government, 2007. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20081027.155000.
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Both economic and psychological research provides strong evidence that unemployment
adversely affects a person's mental, emotional, and physical wellbeing, which in turn may
impair his/her ability to regain employment. Studies also suggest a person's "psychological
capital" (personality traits that influence the productivity of labour) may mediate (1) the impact
of unemployment on wellbeing and facilitate re-employment. While the effects of
unemployment have been well documented, the simultaneous relationship between wellbeing
and labour market status and the influencing role of psychological capital have received much
less attention, requiring further investigation. There is still concern in the literature that "the
exact nature of the interrelationships between labour market experience and mental health
remains unclear and complicated by questions over the direction of causality and
heterogeneous impacts across individuals." (Dockery, 2006, p. 2)
The purpose of this research is to explore the interrelationship between labour market status,
wellbeing, and psychological capital in more detail. The thesis combines key concepts from
various economic and psychological theories, each partially describing how labour market
status, wellbeing, and psychological capital interact with each other. The validity of the
integrated model is then tested by estimating structural equations for labour market status and
wellbeing using cross-sectional and longitudinal data from the Household, Income and
Labour Dynamics in Australia (HILDA) Survey. The HILDA Survey is a broad social and
economic survey that focuses on family and household formation, income and work. The
survey contains economic, psychological, and demographic data with sound psychometric
qualities for a large sample of working aged Australians that makes it well suited to this type of analysis.
As well as the regression analyses, the results of a case study conducted with a group of jobseekers
at an employment agency are also reported. The study sought to evaluate the
effectiveness of personal development training for the unemployed (designed to improve
psychological capital), and its subsequent influence on their ability to regain employment.
While the research was halted before completion, some valuable insights were gleamed from
the study, and these warrant discussion.
Findings of the research indicate a simultaneous relationship exists between labour market
status and wellbeing. Individuals with healthier wellbeing are more likely to be employed,
and employment contributes to healthier wellbeing. The results also indicate psychological
capital is an important variable influencing wellbeing, partially mediating the impact of
unemployment on wellbeing. Employed individuals have significantly higher psychological
capital than those who are unemployed or not in the labour force, or those who transition in
and out of employment. Psychological capital appears to be a relatively stable, but somewhat
malleable, personality construct that does not vary greatly for individuals experiencing
changes in labour market status (LMS). People who develop poor psychological capital
during youth may therefore be predisposed to a higher risk of being unemployed when they
enter the labour market.
The results suggest programs/policies that foster healthier wellbeing and psychological capital
during youth, or repair damaged psychological capital once in the labour market, could help
lower unemployment or the duration of unemployment. Recent Australian government policy
initiatives designed to improve labour force participation and productivity by enhancing
human capital are likely to be more effective if they also target psychological capital. The
research also highlights shortcomings in mainstream economic theory, which are discussed
along with the weaknesses of the study, and opportunities for further research.
(1) A mediator effect (or indirect effect) involves one or more "intervening variables" transmitting some or all of the causal effects of prior variables (e.g. unemployment) onto subsequent variables (e.g. wellbeing). See: Byrne, 2001).
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Foxwell, Rachel. "Psychosocial outcomes of enhanced external counterpulsation treatment : illness perceptions and psychological wellbeing." Thesis, University of Hull, 2012. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:6071.
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The portfolio has three parts: Part 1 is a systematic literature review, in which the theoretical, conceptual and empirical literature relating to the relationship between illness perceptions, mood and quality of life in coronary heart disease populations is reviewed. The results of this study provide support that illness perceptions are related to outcomes across CHD populations and disease progression, however the results do not selectively support one particular model. Recommendations are consistent with cardiac rehabilitation guidelines. Further research should focus on the systemic impact of illness perceptions. Part 2 is divided into two empirical papers: Paper 1 utilises a qualitative methodology to explore refractory angina patients' experiences of undergoing EECP, and their lives before and after the treatment. The study adds to existing literature by proposing that the process of undergoing EECP treatment not only leads to physiological improvement, but also effects psychological pathways, through providing hope, establishing a therapeutic relationship and increasing confidence and self-efficacy to confront positive and challenging health-behaviour changes. Paper 2 utilises a quantitative methodology to explore the relationship between illness perceptions, mood and quality of life in chronic refractory angina patients that have undergone EECP treatment. The current study supports constructs from relevant models; the self-regulatory model, theory of planned behaviour and an adapted version of the fear-avoidance model. A possible model demonstrating the process between illness perceptions and outcomes specific for chronic refractory angina patients is proposed. Future research could focus on concomitant interventions to improve physical and psychological outcomes, for example the Angina Plan could be delivered in conjunction with EECP to establish an integrated, multidisciplinary model of care and service delivery. Part 3 comprises the appendices. This includes a reflective statement and supplementary information relevant to all three papers.
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Gilbert, Abigail. "Does mindfulness mediate the relationship between perceived parenting and later psychological wellbeing?" Thesis, University of Surrey, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.576112.
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The aim of the study was to explore the link between perceived parenting and later psychological wellbeing by considering the potential mediators of mindfulness and self-compassion. Trait mindfulness and self-compassion have both been shown to be linked to wellbeing and perceived parenting, as such, it is timely to explore these as the potential mediators. It was proposed that the quality of parenting received, in particular parental care and parental overprotection as measured by the Parental Bonding Instrument (parker et al., 1979), is associated with psychological wellbeing later in life, that of depression and anxiety symptoms and quality of life, through the influence that parenting has on the child's developing mindfulness skills and their ability to be self-compassionate. The different facets identified within mindfulness were explored as potential mediators, these being 'observing', 'describing', 'acting with awareness', 'accepting without judgement' and believability in negative thoughts and the related construct of self-compassion. Participants were 409 undergraduate students, who completed measures of perceived parenting, mindfulness and self-compassion, depression and anxiety symptoms and quality of life. Mediation analysis demonstrated that 'acting with awareness', believability in negative thoughts and self-compassion were significant and unique mediators for the relationship between both parental care and parental overprotection, on the one hand, and depression and anxiety symptoms and quality of life on the other. Additionally, the mindfulness skill of 'describing' was a significant unique mediator of the relationship between parental care and overprotection and quality of life. The mindfulness facets of 'observing' and 'accepting without judgement' were not found to be unique significant mediators. These novel findings have implications in developing the focus of clinical interventions on the specific facets of mindfulness that were found to be unique significant mediators when working with those who are experiencing poor psychological wellbeing and who also report a poor bond with their parents
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Butcher, Geraldine Jamieson Clarke. "The effect of lifestyle during pregnancy on perinatal physical and psychological wellbeing." Thesis, University of the West of Scotland, 2017. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.735853.
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Contini, Norma, Paola Coronel, Mariel Levin, and Alejandro Estevez. "Coping in scholar adolescents of Tucumán and the relationships with psychological wellbeing." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2003. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/100913.
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Coping strategies of 454 scholar adolescents between 15 and 18 years o1d and middle socioeconomic level of San Miguel de Tucumán were analysed in this descriptive-comparative study.Age variable was considered. The following instruments were applied: Adolescent Coping Strategies (Spanish adaptation, ACS, General Form); Adolescent Well-Being Scale (BIEPS) under Casullo's adaptation for Argentina and a sociodemographic questionnaire. The results showed the Adolescents coping strategies. Coping strategies and upper and lower psychological well being were correlationed. This research contributes empiric data for prevention programs designing for non-consultan! adolescents .El estudio descriptivo-cuantitativo analizó las estrategias de afrontamiento de 454 adolescentes escolarizados de 15 a 18 años de nivel socioeconómico medio de San Miguel de Tucumán. Se focalizó en las estrategias de afrontamiento con relación a la edad y se correlacionaron los tiposde estrategias utilizadas con el nivel de bienestar psicológico de los jóvenes. Los instrumentos utilizados fueron la Escala de Afrontamiento para adolescentes (adaptación española,ACS, forma general), la Escala de Bienestar Psicológico para Adolescentes (BIEPS) adaptada por Casullo para Argentina y una Encuesta Sociodemográfica diseñada por los autores. Se identificó las estrategias de afrontamiento de los adolescentes, especialmente las que correlacionan con un elevado y un bajo nivel de bienestar psicológico. La investigación aporta datos empíricos para el diseño de programas de prevención con adolescentes no consultantes.
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Rehnfeldt, Hanna. "Examining the Relationship Between Pet-Ownership & Human Physical and Psychological Wellbeing." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för socialt arbete och kriminologi, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-32750.
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Despite copious research into the association between pet-ownership and human wellbeing in general, empirical data is contradictory and research focusing on the effect of pet-ownership across the lifespan is fundamentally lacking. This study provides analysis and discussion on the relationship between pet-ownership in childhood & human physical and psychological wellbeing in young adulthood. One hundred and ten people extending in age from of 18 to 25 responded to a questionnaire related to their demography, pet-ownership, and physical & psychological health. Finding(s) showed no main effect of pet-ownership on physical or psychological health. Furthermore, no significant relation was found between attachment or social support from a childhood pet and ensuing physical or psychological health. Comprehensively more research is required to veritably establish a link between pet-ownership & human physical and psychological wellbeing.
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McKenzie, Claire Sheila. "Online support for psychological wellbeing in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2015. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.683727.
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Introduction People with Type 2 diabetes mellitus are at an increased risk of developing depressive symptoms compared with those without the condition. Diabetes-related distress is commonly experienced and associated with the perceived burdens of self-management and fear of future complications. Psychological difficulties in Type 2 diabetes often go unrecognised by both patients and practitioners. This project used a mixed methods approach to explore the psychological needs of adults with Type 2 diabetes and involved them in the design and feasibility testing of a support web site to promote psychological wellbeing. Methods Phases 1 and 2 of the project consisted of ten patient interviews using an Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) approach, three focus groups and a Design Workshop. Patient collaboration using Participatory Design methods was integral to the development of the intervention website. Phase 3 was a randomised controlled feasibility study assessing study procedures, process measures and the appropriateness of outcome measures. Results A complex relationship emerged between participants' objective physical body and how they subjectively experienced it. Mood regulation was often unconsciously prioritised over diabetes management or diabetes-management over mood regulation. Peer-to-peer communication and the anonymity of an Internet platform were felt to be important, particularly by men in the sample. Consent to participate was low in the feasibility study. Half of the intervention arm attempted registration for the website. Registration was found to be too long. All who registered used the website at least once. The main reason given for not registering was that psychological effects of diabetes were not being experienced. Follow-up data was provided by 76% of participants. Conclusion There were substantial barriers to use of an Internet-based intervention for psychological health in the sample. Amendments are required to aspects of the intervention and study design before it can translate to a larger trial.
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Langeveldt, Candice. "The impact of work-family enrichment on psychological health and subjective wellbeing." University of the Western Cape, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/5266.
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Magister Commercii (Industrial Psychology) - MCom(IPS)Work and family are the central and salient domains in an individual's life. Juggling work and family life have always been a challenge for many employees and families (Hammer et al., 2005). However, with the increased interest in the construct of workfamily enrichment, more attention was given to the positive influences across the life domains. Grzywacz and Butler (2005) found that work-family enrichment improved mental and physical well-being. The objective of this study was twofold; (i) to explore and add to existing research done on work-family enrichment and (ii) investigate the relationships between workfamily enrichment, psychological health and subjective wellbeing of employees within a financial services organisation in South Africa. Three hundred and forty seven questionnaires were administered and one hundred and sixty eight completed questionnaires were returned. Purposive sampling was used to select employees to participate in the study. Data was collected by a self-developed biographical questionnaire, Calson, Kacmar, Wayne, and Grzywacz's (2006) Enrichment Scale, General Health Questionnaire developed by Kalliath, O'Driscoll and Brough (2004) and the Personal Wellbeing Index developed by the International Wellbeing Group (2006). The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) was used to analyse the data and to interpret the descriptive and inferential statistics. Specifically the Pearson Moment Correlation analysis and the T-Test was used. The results indicated that a relationship between work-to-family enrichment and psychological health exist. There was a significant relationship for family-to-work enrichment and psychological health. Furthermore, results indicated a significant relationship between work-to-family enrichment and subjective wellbeing. A significant relationship between family-to-work enrichment and subjective wellbeing was also found. However, no significant differences were found for gender for both work-to-family and family-to-work enrichment. Future considerations, theoretical implications and recommendations for organisations are discussed.
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Morandini, James. "Sexual orientation beliefs, sexual identity outcomes, and psychological wellbeing in LGB Australians." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/15437.
Full textAbstract:
Lesbian, gay and bisexual (LGB) individuals are found that be at a greater risk of a range of psychopathologies compared to their heterosexual counterparts (King et al., 2008). This disparity has been attributed to increased social adversity faced by sexual minorities, including exposure to sexuality based discrimination, as well as negative attitudes and beliefs that sexual minority individuals may develop about their stigmatised identities (Meyer, 2003). The aim of this thesis was twofold. The first aim was to examine how beliefs about the nature and aetiology of sexual orientation are linked to a range of sexual identity outcomes relevant to psychological wellbeing, including self-acceptance and certainty in one’s sexual orientation, and, whether these associations differ between sexual minority subgroups (i.e., gay vs. lesbian vs. bisexual men and women). The second aim was to examine a macro-level factor, geographical locality, to examine how the experience of sexual minority stress, LGB community connectedness, and social isolation differ for LGB Australians residing in rural vs. metropolitan localities. In the first chapter of this thesis (Chapter 1), I review literature relevant to mental health disparities in LGB populations and sexual minority stress, before going on to examine the structure and implications of heterosexuals’ beliefs about sexual orientation, and the limited literature examining the sexual orientation beliefs of sexual minority individuals. I then propose a theoretical model linking certain facets of sexual orientation essentialism with sexual orientation outcomes and psychological wellbeing in LGB individuals. Three studies (Chapters 2 through 4) sequentially examine the implications of sexual orientation beliefs for sexual identity outcomes in sexual minority subgroups. Two correlational studies examine the proposed theoretical model using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) in a large sample of gay men (Study 1) and lesbian vs. bisexual women (Study 2). Study 1 found that gay men endorse a mixture of essentialist and social constructionist beliefs about sexual orientation, and that these beliefs hold divergent relationships for internalised homonegativity and sexual orientation uncertainty. Most notably, those perceiving sexual orientation as biologically based and immutable (natural) reported increased certainty in their sexual orientation, whilst those viewing sexuality as existing in discrete categories (discrete) reported increased internalised homonegativity, and in turn poorer psychological wellbeing. In Study 2, a slightly modified theoretical model was tested among lesbian and bisexual women. Similar to the case in gay men, biological-immutability beliefs were linked to less sexual orientation uncertainty in lesbian and bisexual women. Notably however, discreteness beliefs were associated with increased internalised stigma and poorer psychological wellbeing in bisexual women only; presumably, as such beliefs imply that bisexual identity is unstable or illegitimate. Finally, inclusion of sexual attraction patterns in this model revealed that 1) lesbian women reporting more exclusive same-sex attraction are more likely to embrace biological-immutability and discreteness beliefs, and 2) a-prototypical attraction patterns (non-exclusive same-sex attraction among lesbian women and same or opposite-sex preference among bisexual women) predicts poorer wellbeing via increased sexual orientation uncertainty. As such, sexual orientation beliefs appear to predict sexual identity outcomes among LGB individuals, with unique patterns of associations observed across sexual minority subgroups. Study 3 examined how sexual orientation was conceptualised across sexual minority subgroups, focusing in particular on the emerging sexual identities of “pansexual” and “queer”. This study found that gay men were most likely to conceive of sexual orientation as biologically based/immutable and categorical in nature, followed by lesbian women, and that bisexual men and women, and those adopting pansexual and queer identities, were least likely to adopt these beliefs. Demographics and sexual orientation indicators revealed that pansexual participants were most reminiscent of bisexual, whilst queer participants were most reminiscent of gay/lesbian populations. Chapter 5 (Study 4) addressed the second aim of this thesis, examining whether rural vs. metropolitan locality independently predicted exposure to sexual minority stress, connectedness with the LGB community and social isolation among sexual minority Australians. Residing in rural-remote localities was linked to increased concealment of sexuality from friends, more concern regarding disclosure of sexuality, fewer friendships with other LGB people and, among men, higher levels of internalised homonegativity. Unexpectedly, those residing in outer-metropolitan areas of major cities demonstrated comparable disadvantages, as those in rural-remote localities. In the final chapter (Chapter 7) the contribution of these findings to understanding the implications of sexual orientation beliefs among distinct sexual minority communities, as well the role of geographical locality in conferring risk for psychopathology among LGB populations, are interpreted in light of previous findings. Finally, I examine implications of these findings for the ethics of scientific research into sexual orientation, LGB advocacy, and counselling psychology, before discussing limitations and future directions for research.
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Bukalo, Leila. "The effect of post-incident discussion on psychological wellbeing and memory integrity." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/13605.
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As a consequence of their work, emergency service personnel, such as fire-fighters, police officers and paramedics are frequently exposed to traumatic events. This can result in an elevated risk of developing Post Traumatic Stress Disorder. To date, studies have indicated that post-trauma early interventions, such as Critical Incident Stress Debriefing, offer no benefit to individuals in terms of recovery from trauma-type symptomatology, and may also have negative effects on an individuals’ memory for the event. The present analogue study aimed to investigate what aspects of currently used debriefing procedures may contribute to the negative effects on psychological adjustment and memory integrity observed in the literature. Specifically, the current study examined the effects of differently-focused discussions (emotion, fact, and non-event related) on psychological adjustment and memory integrity, and investigated whether the outcome of these discussions was influenced by the mode of administration (individual, group discussion format). Participants were 177 undergraduate students who viewed a video of a forensic autopsy. Psychological distress was found to decrease for all participants over time, with no significant differences in symptom recovery between conditions. Those who discussed factual information in a group setting incorporated more misinformation into memory; however, these participants reported the most confidence in the accuracy of their memories. Overall, these results suggest that, irrespective of the model of administration, post-trauma discussions in which emotional reactions or factual information are reviewed do not facilitate psychological adjustment compared to non-event related discussions. Furthermore, this study provides a greater understanding of the specific aspects of debriefing that may account for misinformation effects.
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Panova, Tayana. "How ICTs can influence psychological wellbeing: an analysis of uses and addiction potential." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Ramon Llull, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/668745.
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Les Tecnologies de la Informació i les Comunicacions (TIC) com Internet i els telèfons
intel·ligents van entrar a la nostra vida fa només uns 20 anys, però, en aquest curt període de temps, han reconvertit profundament el funcionament de la societat i dels individus de tot el món. Això ha portat a preguntes i investigacions sobre com l’ús freqüent de la tecnologia influeix en la nostra salut social i psicològica. Aquest treball de tesi vol aportar informació sobre aquest tema a través de quatre estudis sobre tres de les TIC més populars - telèfons intel·ligents, xarxes socials en línia i Internet- i mitjançant la lent de tres preguntes d’investigació - 1) La addicció és el marc adequat per utilitzar a l’hora de investigar. ús problemàtic de les TIC?; 2) Quins són els efectes
de la cultura en un ús problemàtic de les TIC?; i 3. Quins usos concrets s’associen a problemes relacionats amb les TIC? Les conclusions a què arribem són les següents. En aquest moment, l’addicció no és un terme adequat per utilitzar-se en la investigació sobre problemes relacionats amb les TIC. En segon lloc, certs usos específics s’associen a conseqüències problemàtiques de l’ús de les TIC, mentre que altres usos no ho són, per tant no és prudent patologitzar totes les TIC. En tercer lloc, els usos associats a un ús problemàtic són diferents segons la cultura de l’usuari. En una cultura, un ús particular de les TIC pot ser problemàtic, mentre que en un altre país pot ser adaptatiu. En quart lloc, alguns aspectes de l’ús de les TIC semblen ser més o menys constants en cultures com ara els usos més populars dels telèfons intel·ligents i els factors subjacents de l’ús problemàtic de les TIC.Las Tecnologías de Información y Comunicación (TIC) como Internet y los teléfonos inteligentes entraron en nuestras vidas hace solo 20 años, pero en este corto periodo de tiempo han rediseñado profundamente la forma en que funcionan la sociedad y las personas en todo el mundo. Esto ha llevado a preguntas y investigaciones sobre cómo el uso frecuente de las tecnologías influye en nuestra salud social y psicológica. El objetivo de este trabajo de tesis es aportar información sobre este tema a través de cuatro estudios sobre tres de las TIC más populares: teléfonos inteligentes, redes sociales en línea y Internet y a través de la lente de tres preguntas de investigación: 1) ¿Es la adicción el marco correcto para usar en las investigaciones del uso problemático de las TIC?; 2) ¿Cuáles son los efectos de la cultura en el uso problemático de las TIC?; y 3) ¿Qué usos específicos están asociados con los problemas relacionados con las TIC? Las conclusiones a las que llegamos son las siguientes. En este momento, la adicción no es un término adecuado para usar en la investigación sobre problemas relacionados con las TIC. En segundo lugar, ciertos usos específicos están asociados con consecuencias problemáticas del uso de las TIC, mientras que otros usos no lo son, por lo tanto, no es prudente patologizar la totalidad de las TIC. En tercer lugar, los usos asociados con el uso problemático de las TIC son diferentes según la cultura del usuario. En una cultura, un uso particular de las TIC puede ser problemático, mientras que en otro país puede ser adaptativo. En cuarto lugar, ciertos aspectos del uso de las TIC parecen ser más o menos constantes en todas las culturas, como los usos más populares de los smartphones y los factores subyacentes del uso problemático de las TIC.
Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) such as the Internet and smartphones entered our lives only about 20 years ago, yet in that short time they have deeply rewired the way society and individuals all around the world function. This has led to questions and investigations regarding how the frequent use of technology influences our societal and psychological health. This thesis work aims to contribute some insight on this subject through four research papers about three of the most popular ICTs - smartphones, social media and the Internet and through the lens of three research questions - 1) Is addiction the correct framework to use when researching problematic ICT use?; 2) What are the effects of culture on problematic ICT use?; and 3) What specific uses are associated with ICT-related problems? The conclusions we arrive at are the following. At this time, addiction is not a suitable term to use in the research on ICT related problems. Secondly, certain specific uses are associated with problematic consequences of ICT use whereas other uses are not, therefore it is unwise to pathologize the entire ICT. Thirdly, the uses that are associated with problematic ICT use are different depending on the culture of the user. In one culture a particular ICT use can be problematic, whereas in another country it may be adaptive. Fourthly, certain aspects of ICT use appear to be more or less constant across cultures such as the most popular smartphone uses and the underlying factors of problematic ICT use.
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Velleman, Sophie. "The psychological wellbeing of siblings of children with CFS/ME : a qualitative study." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10036/3716.
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Chronic Fatigue Syndrome or myalgic encephalopathy (CFS/ME) has a negative impact on a child and their parents. It is not known what the impact is for the siblings of children with CFS/ME. Nine siblings participated in semi-structured interviews. Siblings identified a number of negative impacts to their family and to themselves, as well as describing some protective family factors. These findings have implications for current practice in CFS/ME paediatric services.
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Seldert, Sofie. "Attention and Social Comparison on Facebook : A Quantitative Study about Adolescents’ Psychological Wellbeing." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för socialt arbete och psykologi, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-16923.
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The purpose of this quantitative study with a logical positivistic perspective was to explore to what extent Facebook had an effect on the psychological wellbeing amongst adolescents in southern Sweden. Adolescence is a difficult time when the adolescents face a number of challenges, this may be reasons for why some adolescents have low psychological wellbeing. A survey was conducted with 100 adolescents, ages 15 to 20, which then was presented and analyzed with help from Erikson’s Psychosocial Theory and the Social Comparison Theory. This revealed the attention adolescents got on Facebook, in form of “likes” and comments, had no significant impact on their psychological wellbeing. Additionally, the social comparisons on Facebook made adolescents compare themselves to fictive improved identities. However, this comparison had no significant relation to the adolescents’ psychological wellbeing, this because most adolescents were aware that the identities on Facebook did not display all aspects of a person.
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Harris, Marina. "Dental hygiene and therapy students' experiences of psychological wellbeing in their undergraduate education." Thesis, University of Portsmouth, 2018. https://researchportal.port.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/dental-hygiene-and-therapy-students-experiences-of-psychological-wellbeing-in-their-undergraduate-education(56d1b2c5-f751-41fc-b380-8b2a70695689).html.
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Background: Dental schools are recognised to be highly demanding and stressful learning environments. Studies which have examined stress and psychological wellbeing of students within the dental undergraduate environment have, for the last four decades, focused on negative measures of psychological wellbeing. In addition, these studies have been exclusively targeted at dental students; and therefore, ignored the education of other dental professionals. Aims: The aim of this programme of studies was to explore our understanding of stress and positive psychological wellbeing of dental hygiene and therapy students from both a national and international perspective, and then to utilise this knowledge to implement a possible intervention. Participants and methods: The research involved a mixed-method approach using validated psychological tools, semi-structured interviews, and participation in an intervention workshop. Statistical analyses of quantitative data collected were handled with SPSSTM software. Thematic analyses of students' experiences of stress and wellbeing were undertaken using Braun and Clarke's six stages of thematic analysis. Results: Data showed that dental hygiene and therapy students reported similar sources of stress to that of dental students. However, at the same time, the participants also reported high levels of positive psychological wellbeing. The qualitative study showed that, for dental hygiene and therapy students, the significance of the meaning they attributed to their undergraduate training mitigated much of their stressful experiences. Scores from the intervention study showed that taking a positive approach to the education of stress and wellbeing within the dental hygiene and therapy curricula had a beneficial impact on the way participants understood their experience of stress. Conclusions: The results from this programme of studies has made a valuable contribution to our understanding of stress and wellbeing in dental hygiene and therapy undergraduate education. Within the limitations of these studies, stress was seen in a broader context. This research brought into question whether eliminating stress was necessary, or indeed relevant, and concluded that psychological wellbeing needs to be explored further. It highlighted the important role meaning held, and the relationship between meaning and stress. It is concluded the need to argue for psychological interventions/education to be included within the undergraduate curriculum for all dental professionals.
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Turner, Aishia. "Quality of life, psychological wellbeing and distress in those with an intellectual disability." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2018. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/21581/.
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Literature review: The present study is a systematic literature review of findings from 16 studies investigating the quality of life of adults with an intellectual disability. It was concluded that those with intellectual disability experience a lower quality of life than other groups. The interrater reliability between self-reports and proxy reports were found to be fair. However, proxies were found to consistently underestimate quality of life for individuals with intellectual disability, and physical wellbeing was identified as a problematic domain for agreement between self-report and proxy reports. Employment and good social or family supports emerged as factors most important to good quality of life. Those with severe or profound intellectual disability were under represented in the literature. Clinical implications and recommendations for future research are discussed. Empirical report: There is limited research into how psychological wellbeing and distress are identified in those with a severe or profound intellectual disability. Therefore, the present study aimed to explore carer’s view on how these inner emotional states are identified in those they care for. A qualitative exploratory design was used and 18 paid carers and family members participated in semi-structured interviews. Analysis of transcripts yielded eight superordinate themes relating to: relationship; physical contact; body; vocalisation, things that affect their emotions; facial expression; unknown and telling their story. Agreement between the dyads was fair. Clinical implications and recommendations for future research are outlined.
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Carswell, K. "The impact of pre and post-migration stressors on the psychological wellbeing of refugees." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2007. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1445348/.
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Refugees and asylum seekers are at increased risk of mental health problems because of their exposure to traumatic events that accompany individual or population wide human rights abuses. This review has two distinct aims. The first is to assess the literature related to this group considering the rates of mental health problems reported by studies conducted in both developed and developing countries. This will include a review of factors related to increased mental health problems, with a particular focus on the impact of the post-migration environment. The second aim is to review clinical and ecological service models which have been employed with refugees. The review suggests that the mental health of refugees is negatively affected by both exposure to pre-migration trauma and post-migration factors, such as a long asylum application process, restricted economic opportunity and reduced social support. Whilst the literature on interventions is limited, the review suggests that services should address the broad range of problems experienced by refugees in a holistic manner.
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Lyall, Caz Alison. "An investigation into whether carers' expectations influence their psychological wellbeing following their spouses' stroke." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2008. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/15971/.
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This study concerns carers and their expectations of their spouses' functional recovery and the burden of caring post stroke. Many studies have demonstrated that carers experience high levels of burden and psychological distress 12 months past stroke. However, to date carers' expectations and the potential drivers of these expectations have not been explored. Furthermore, the evidence indicates that the focus of the support provided by professionals has been on the person that has had the stroke rather than on the carer. Previous research has also not explored reasons for variation in depressed mood, although the fact that not all carers become depressed or overburdened would suggest that some carers are less susceptible to depressed mood than others. There are two main themes in this research: to establish the potential predictors of carers' expectations; and to examine whether carer expectations of their spouses' functional recovery and carer burden acted as potential drivers for level of carer's depressed mood 12 months post stroke. Analysis of the study's findings demonstrated that carers' expectations of their spouses' recovery were mainly driven by the current functional ability and quality of life of their spouses. Carer expectations of burden were also partly influenced by their spouses' current abilities but carers' dispositional optimism and depressed mood played an additional role here. The results of this study also indicated that carer's psychological wellbeing at 12 months post stroke was not in fact influenced by their expectations of their spouses recovery but rather by their expectations of burden in terms of their level of depression, anxiety and negativity. Moreover, multivariate analysis indicated that unmet expectations of burden also contributed towards carer's depressed mood and negative affect at 12 months post stroke. Interestingly, over time carers' mood was shown to improve where mean levels of depressed and anxious mood dropped. Despite these positive changes in carer's mood some carers' became less optimistic over time and support the finding of other studies that this construct is perhaps not as stable as previously thought. Further examination of carers' psychological wellbeing at 12 months post stroke demonstrated that their level of depressed mood, negative affectivity and anxiety were to some extent predicted by gender, dispositional optimism, expectation of burden and current mood status measured in the acute phase of stroke. To conclude some carers in this study were shown to have raised revels of depressed mood and anxiety levels. The findings suggest that carers' depressed and anxious mood at 12 months post stroke is predominantly influenced by baseline (i.e. acute phase of stoke) mood and dispositional optimism and also to some extent predicted by their baseline expectation of burden. There results suggest that carers who are depressed in the acute phase and who have high expectations of burden are at a higher risk of being depressed at 12 months post stroke. It could therefore be argued that it is particularly this group of carers who could benefit from early psychological intervention.
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Malek, M. D. A. "The effect of occupational stress on job satisfaction and psychological wellbeing : a comparative study." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.590971.
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This thesis examines the effects of sources of stress upon job satisfaction and psychological wellbeing among fire fighters in Malaysia and UK and also investigates the roles of work motivation and coping behaviour as moderate variables. The aim was to establish an indigenous model for this occupational group in Malaysia. In addition, the study examines socio-demographic factors, e.g. length of service, rural vs. urban Malaysian fire fighters and full time vs. retained UK fire fighters. A comparative analysis was conducted between Malaysian and UK samples to establish whether there are cross-cultural differences in fire fighters’ work motivation and coping behaviour. The study used a questionnaire survey and area sampling design, with a response of 617 (77% response rate) from 800 Malaysian fire fighters and 436 (41.8%) from 1042 UK fire fighters. The questionnaire comprised: the Sources of Occupational Stress in Fire Fighters and Paramedics scale, the Motivational Orientation Inventory, the Coping Response of Rescue Workers and the Job Satisfaction Scale. Hierarchical multiple regression analysis was used to examine the moderating effect of work motivation and coping behaviour on job satisfaction and psychological well being and found differences between the Malaysian and UK fire fighters. Models of job satisfaction and psychological wellbeing for both cultures were produced. Relationships between sources of stress, work motivation, coping behaviour, psychological wellbeing, job satisfaction, and the differences between sub-groups of respondents (urban and rural Malaysian fire fighters, fulltime and retained UK fire fighters) are discussed. The results suggest that training that focuses on psychological aspects (stress management, coping strategies etc), and the use of counsellors should be highlighted. It was suggested that the Malaysian Fire Brigade should establish a Counselling Unit, to deal with psychological problems faced by the fire fighters.