Journal articles on the topic 'Psychological trait'
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1
Juliyanti, Juliyanti. "Kontribusi Trait Kepribadian terhadap Psychological Well-Being pada Komunitas Lansia “X” di Kota Bandung." Humanitas (Jurnal Psikologi) 2, no. 3 (December 6, 2018): 217–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.28932/hmn.v2i3.1748.
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The purpose of this study was to build mental awareness of the psychological well-being of the elderly in the elderly community "X" in the city of Bandung. The method used is a functional technique with convenience sampling technique. The measuring instrument of psychological well-being has a validity range from 0.332 to 0.851, trait personality from 0.319 to 0.814 and reliability testing with the results of psychological health measurements having a reliability range of 0.444 to 0.839, personality trait 0.461 to 0.564. This questionnaire was given to 81 elderly people.
Adjusting the analysis conducted in this study can be concluded that personality trait has a significant psychological well-being of 39.5%. Trait personality together has a significant psychological well-being of 21.2% in the elderly community "X" in the city of Bandung. Significant personality traits are neuroticism and extraversion.
Keywords: elderly, psychological well-being, personality trait
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Tennant, Christopher C., and Pauline M. Langeluddecke. "Psychological correlates of coronary heart disease." Psychological Medicine 15, no. 3 (August 1985): 581–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291700031433.
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SynopsisThe Type A behaviour pattern and other measures of psychological traits and symptom states were assessed in 92 subjects (predominantly male) presenting for coronary angiography. These measures were correlated with three angiographic indices of coronary heart disease (CHD) severity and two clinical indices (angina and the duration of CHD). The only psychological measures associated with atherosclerosis (assessed by angiography) were indices of personality: Type A (the Jenkins Activity Survey), trait tension, trait anxiety and suppression of anger. It was concluded that these traits may have some role in the pathogenesis of coronary atherosclerosis. None of the measures of psychological symptoms showed a significant association with angiography indices. However, depressive symptoms and expressed hostility were associated with the severity of angina and duration of heart disease. It was concluded that these affects are the consequences of the physical disability of CHD.
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Utami, Lufiana Harnany. "HUBUNGAN ANTARA TRAIT KEPRIBADIAN DAN IKLIM PSIKOLOGIS SEKOLAH DENGAN SELF-EFFICACY." Psympathic : Jurnal Ilmiah Psikologi 3, no. 2 (February 27, 2018): 131–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.15575/psy.v3i2.2182.
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This research study about the correlation between personality trait and psychological climate with teacher’s self-efficacy. Instruments used are NEO-big five scale from Costa and McCrae, teacher’s self-efficacy scales and psychological climate questionnaire. Data analyzed with statistics regression. The result shows that there is a positive and significant correlation between personality trait and self-efficacy. Traits of extraversion, conscientiousness and openness significantly contribute to self-efficacy while neuroticism and agreeableness have no significant contribution. Besides, there is also positive and significant correlation between psychological climate and self-efficacy. At last, personality traits and psychological climate at school together give contribution to self-efficacy significantly.
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Mata, Rui, Renato Frey, David Richter, Jürgen Schupp, and Ralph Hertwig. "Risk Preference: A View from Psychology." Journal of Economic Perspectives 32, no. 2 (May 1, 2018): 155–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/jep.32.2.155.
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Psychology offers conceptual and analytic tools that can advance the discussion on the nature of risk preference and its measurement in the behavioral sciences. We discuss the revealed and stated preference measurement traditions, which have coexisted in both psychology and economics in the study of risk preferences, and explore issues of temporal stability, convergent validity, and predictive validity with regard to measurement of risk preferences. As for temporal stability, do risk preference as a psychological trait show a degree of stability over time that approximates what has been established for other major traits, such as intelligence, or, alternatively, are they more similar in stability to transitory psychological states, such as emotional states? Convergent validity refers to the degree to which different measures of a psychological construct capture a common underlying characteristic or trait. Do measures of risk preference all capture a unitary psychological trait that is indicative of risky behavior across various domains, or do they capture various traits that independently contribute to risky behavior in specific areas of life, such as financial, health, and recreational domains? Predictive validity refers to the extent to which a psychological trait has power in forecasting behavior. Intelligence and major personality traits have been shown to predict important life outcomes, such as academic and professional achievement, which suggests there could be studies of the short- and long-term outcomes of risk preference— something lacking in current psychological (and economic) research. We discuss the current empirical knowledge on risk preferences in light of these considerations.
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Motschenbacher, Heiko, and Eka Roivainen. "Personality traits, adjectives and gender." Journal of Language and Discrimination 4, no. 1 (May 6, 2020): 16–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1558/jld.40370.
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There have been linguistic studies on the gendering mechanisms of adjectives and psychological studies on the relationship between personality traits and gender, but the two fields have never entered into a dialogue on these issues. This article seeks to address this gap by presenting an interdisciplinary study that explores the gendering mechanisms associated with personality traits and personality trait-denoting adjectives. The findings of earlier work in this area and basic gendering mechanisms relevant to adjectives and personality traits are outlined. This is followed by a linguistic and a psychological analysis of the usage patterns of a set of personality trait adjectives. The linguistic section draws on corpus linguistics to explore the distribution of these adjectives with female, male and gender-neutral personal nouns in the Corpus of Contemporary American English. The psychological analysis relates the usage frequencies of personality trait adjectives with the nouns man, woman and person in the Google Books corpus to desirability ratings of the adjectives.
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Matud, M. Pilar. "Masculine/Instrumental and Feminine/Expressive Traits and Health, Well-Being, and Psychological Distress in Spanish Men." American Journal of Men's Health 13, no. 1 (January 2019): 155798831983274. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1557988319832749.
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Many studies have explored the relationship between masculine norms and men’s health outcomes. There are few recent studies published on the relationship between masculine/instrumental and feminine/expressive traits and men’s health and well-being. The current cross-sectional study examines whether masculine/instrumental and feminine/expressive traits are associated to men’s health and well-being. Participants were 1,870 Spanish men, aged 21 to 64 years. Results from hierarchical multiple regression analysis indicated that the masculine/instrumental trait and the feminine/expressive trait were positively related to men’s psychological well-being and self-rated health, so that men whose self-concept includes both masculine/instrumental and feminine/expressive characteristics presented greater psychological well-being and better self-rated health. The feminine/expressive trait was associated with lower psychological distress yet only in case of men with low social support. Self-esteem and social support were important predictors of men’s health, in such a way that men who had high self-esteem and social support reported higher ratings of psychological well-being, better self-rated health, and less psychological distress. The implications of these findings for promoting men’s health and well-being are discussed.
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Sheppard, Lily, and Richard Hicks. "Maladaptive Perfectionism and Psychological Distress: The Mediating Role of Resilience and Trait Emotional Intelligence." International Journal of Psychological Studies 9, no. 4 (November 20, 2017): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijps.v9n4p65.
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University students experience significantly high levels of psychological distress. Maladaptive perfectionism has been identified as a common trait among students that leads to diagnosed conditions such as depression and anxiety. Resilience and trait emotional intelligence have also been identified as common predictors of psychological illness and mediators between related maladaptive perfectionism. However, no current research has investigated maladaptive perfectionism’s relationship with a more general psychological distress experienced by university students. Therefore, the current study aimed to investigate maladaptive perfectionism, resilience and trait emotional intelligence association with psychological distress in 171 university students (29 males; 138 females; Mage = 28.48 years; SD = 11.58). Results identified maladaptive perfectionism to significantly, positively correlate with psychological distress in university students. The combination of increased maladaptive perfectionism, low resilience and low trait emotional intelligence significantly predicted psychological distress. Additionally, resilience and trait emotional intelligence significantly added to the prediction of psychological distress, above and beyond maladaptive perfectionism. Finally, resilience and trait emotional intelligence both partially mediated the relationship between maladaptive perfectionism and psychological distress in university students. Findings suggest resilience and trait emotional intelligence to be important factors in predicting general psychological distress in student maladaptive perfectionists. The current study provided additional supporting evidence for the importance of resilience and trait emotional intelligence in intervention and prevention strategies for psychological distress in maladaptive perfectionist students.
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Song, Chorong, Harumi Ikei, Bum-Jin Park, Juyoung Lee, Takahide Kagawa, and Yoshifumi Miyazaki. "Psychological Benefits of Walking through Forest Areas." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 15, no. 12 (December 10, 2018): 2804. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15122804.
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This study aimed to clarify the psychological benefits of brief walks through forest areas. In addition, we aimed to examine the associations between psychological responses and trait anxiety levels. Five-hundred-and-eighty-five participants (mean age, 21.7 ± 1.6 years) were instructed to walk predetermined courses through forest (test) and city (control) areas for 15 min. The Profile of Mood State (POMS) questionnaire and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory were used to assess participants’ psychological responses and trait anxiety levels, respectively. The results revealed that walking through forest areas decreased the negative moods of “depression-dejection”, “tension-anxiety”, “anger-hostility”, “fatigue”, and “confusion” and improved the participants’ positive mood of “vigor” compared with walking through city areas. Furthermore, a significant correlation was found between participants’ trait anxiety levels and their changes in the subscale of “depression-dejection” of POMS after walking through forest areas. A more effective reduction in the feeling of “depression-dejection” after walking through forest areas was observed for participants with high trait anxiety levels than for those with normal and low trait anxiety levels. This study showed the psychological benefits of walking through forest areas and identified a significant correlation between psychological responses to walking through forests and trait anxiety levels.
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Winterbottom, Robyn. "Predisposition to Impulsivity and Risk-taking: Dopamine D4 Receptor (DRD4) Polymorphic Gene Linked to “Novelty Seeking” Personality Trait." Revue interdisciplinaire des sciences de la santé - Interdisciplinary Journal of Health Sciences 1, no. 1 (February 10, 2010): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.18192/riss-ijhs.v1i1.1539.
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Genetic variation may play a significant role in the expression of complex personality and psychological traits. This article examines the relationship between heritable biological mechanisms and the psychological trait, impulsivity. In particular, dopamine is proposed to play a role in impulsive behaviours, and numerous studies have implicated functional polymorphisms of dopamine-related genes in impulsivity. This article reviews several studies concerning the role of dopamine receptor (DRD4) polymorphisms in the expression of an impulsivity sub-trait known as “novelty seeking”. Furthermore, this article focuses on recent approaches to the study of genetic variation, approaches to the measurement of novelty seeking, as well as other possible regulators of the trait in addition to genetics.
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Standing, Lionel, and Gregory Keays. "COMPUTER ASSESSMENT OF PERSONALITY: A DEMONSTRATION OF GULLIBILITY." Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 14, no. 2 (January 1, 1986): 197–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.1986.14.2.197.
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Subjects (N= 64) were shown a list of 66 personality traits, and indicated whether or not they possessed each one. Three weeks later, they were shown their trait list, another subject's trait list, a computerized personality profile derived from their traits, or a profile derived from another subject's traits. In each case they rated how well their personality was described by the trait list or profile, on three seven point scales. It was found that the spurious personality descriptions (both traits and profiles) were rated as highly for accuracy as were the genuine descriptions. Interpretive personality profiles were rated no higher than simple lists of trait names. It is argued that these results should be attributed to general gullibility rather than, e.g., the impressiveness of psychological tests.
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Jackson, Susan A., Stephen K. Ford, Jay C. Kimiecik, and Herbert W. Marsh. "Psychological Correlates of Flow in Sport." Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology 20, no. 4 (December 1998): 358–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsep.20.4.358.
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The purpose of this study was to examine possible psychological correlates of flow in a sample of older athletes. Both state and trait, or dispositional flow states, were examined. Masters athletes completed questionnaire assessments on two occasions while competing at an international masters sport competition. The participants (398) completed a questionnaire assessing intrinsic/extrinsic motivation, goal orientation, trait anxiety, perceived ability, and typical flow experiences (trait) when participating in sport. Of these participants, 213 completed a questionnaire after and in relation to one event they competed in at the Games. This second questionnaire assessed state flow, as well as perceptions of success, skills, and challenges in a selected sport event. Correlational and multivariate analyses were conducted to examine psychological correlates of state and trait flow. Patterns of relationships were found between flow and perceived ability, anxiety, and an intrinsic motivation variable. Understanding flow and its relationship with other psychological variables are discussed.
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Seibel, Frank L., and W. Brad Johnson. "Parental Control, Trait Anxiety, and Satisfaction with Life in College Students." Psychological Reports 88, no. 2 (April 2001): 473–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.2001.88.2.473.
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Research on developmental psychopathology has highlighted the role of parental behavior in subsequent development of pathology in children and adolescents. Although parental psychological control has been an area of interest to researchers, the connection between psychological control and anxiety has not been well established. We administered measures of perceived parental control and acceptance (separate forms for mother and father), trait anxiety, and satisfaction with life to 202 undergraduate students. Analysis indicated that perception of parents (both mother and father) as psychologically controlling was significantly positively correlated with trait anxiety and significantly negatively correlated with satisfaction with life. This held even after the effects of psychological control by the other parent were statistically eliminated.
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Przystańska, Agnieszka, Aleksandra Jasielska, Michał Ziarko, Małgorzata Pobudek-Radzikowska, Zofia Maciejewska-Szaniec, Agata Prylińska-Czyżewska, Magdalena Wierzbik-Strońska, Małgorzata Gorajska, and Agata Czajka-Jakubowska. "Psychosocial Predictors of Bruxism." BioMed Research International 2019 (October 13, 2019): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/2069716.
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Objectives. The study aimed to investigate the psychosocial predictors of bruxism. The association of various psychosocial factors such as alexithymia, emotional processing, state and trait anxiety, and stress with awake bruxism was analysed. Methods. The study involved 52 volunteers diagnosed with awake bruxism. The toolkit that was used included the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20), the Emotional Processing Scale (EPS), the Cohen Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10), and the State- and Trait-Anxiety Inventory (STAI), with independent individual psychological diagnoses being made for every patient. The results were statistically analysed using IBM SPSS Statistics 24. Results. The obtained data clearly show that psychological traits—both permanent dispositions (e.g., state anxiety and alexithymia) and temporary states (e.g., trait anxiety, emotional processing deficits, and psychological stress)—are significant determinants of awake bruxism. The percentage of explained variance indicates the presence of other factors as well. Conclusions. Psychosocial factors such as state anxiety and trait anxiety, alexithymia, and perceived stress are as important as somatic causes in the occurrence and maintenance of awake bruxism. The profile of the obtained data suggests the possibility of preventing or minimizing the symptoms of awake bruxism through properly constructed psychoprophylactic interactions.
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DeYoung, Colin G., and Rachel Clark. "The gene in its natural habitat: The importance of gene–trait interactions." Development and Psychopathology 24, no. 4 (October 15, 2012): 1307–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579412000727.
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AbstractDespite the substantial heritability of nearly all psychological traits, it has been difficult to identify specific genetic variants that account for more than a tiny percentage of genetic variance in phenotypes. Common explanations for this “missing heritability” include massive polygenicity, rare variants, epigenetics, epistasis, and gene–environment interactions. Gene–trait (G × T) interaction is another concept useful for understanding the lack of obvious genetic main effects. Both genes and environments are distal contributors to human behavior, but the brain is the proximal driver of behavior. The effect of any single genetic variant is dependent on the configuration of the brain in which it is expressed. One method to begin studying how single genes interact with variations in the rest of the brain is to investigate G × T interactions. A psychological trait reflects a characteristic pattern of psychological function (and, therefore, of brain function), which has its origin in the cumulative effects of both the genome and the environment. A trait therefore describes variation in the broad organismic context in which any single gene operates. We describe the nature and significance of G × T interactions for understanding psychopathology and normal trait variation, which are illustrated with empirical examples.
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Sanderman, Robbert, and Adelita V. Ranchor. "Stability of Personality Traits and Psychological Distress over Six Years." Perceptual and Motor Skills 78, no. 1 (February 1994): 89–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1994.78.1.89.
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Personality traits were quite stable over 6 yr. among 225 subjects from a community sample, wheteas psychological distress of initial testing could hardly explain scores 6 yr. later. Findings support the trait-state distinction of the measures under study, the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire and the General Health Questionnaire-30.
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Bi, Yufang, and Xindong Ye. "The Effect of Trait Mindfulness on Teachers’ Emotional Exhaustion: The Chain Mediating Role of Psychological Capital and Job Engagement." Healthcare 9, no. 11 (November 9, 2021): 1527. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare9111527.
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Emotional exhaustion has become an important occupational health problem faced by teachers, and it has seriously affected their mental health. It is necessary to pay attention to the factors that affect emotional exhaustion. In this study, 815 frontline university faculty were selected as subjects to explore the relationship between trait mindfulness and emotional exhaustion and the role of psychological capital and work engagement in this relation, using the trait mindfulness, psychological capital, work engagement, and emotional exhaustion scales. It was found that trait mindfulness and emotional exhaustion are negatively correlated; the mediating role of psychological capital between trait mindfulness and emotional exhaustion is not significant; the mediating role of work engagement between trait mindfulness and emotional exhaustion is significant; the chain mediation effect of psychological capital and work engagement between trait mindfulness and emotional exhaustion are significant.
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Lanciano, Tiziana, Lidia de Leonardis, and Antonietta Curci. "The psychological effects of imprisonment: The role of cognitive, psychopathic and affective traits." Europe’s Journal of Psychology 18, no. 3 (August 31, 2022): 262–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.5964/ejop.3995.
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The present cross-sectional correlational study aimed to investigate a set of cognitive, affective, and personality traits impacting the psychological effects of imprisonment. Ninety-three male inmates filled out a battery including measures of intelligence, working memory, psychopathy, aggressiveness, anxious trait, emotionality, rumination styles, and empathy proneness. Inmates' psychological outcomes were conceptualized in terms of mood, anxiety, depression, and general health. Results showed that inmates with high cognitive abilities, psychopathic impulsivity, proactive aggression, personal distress and fantasy, anxious and negative emotionality are mainly prone to ill-being psychological outcomes. Contrariwise, the fearless dominance trait, positive emotionality and empathic concern ability seem to expose inmates to positive psychological outcomes. Reactive aggression and perspective taking seem to impact both positive and negative moods. Ruminative style was unrelated to psychological outcomes. These preliminary results provide an insight into which factors intervention programs should be based upon in order to enhance well-being and reduce distress among inmates.
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Whitmeyer, Joseph M. "Contrasting Trait Adjectives as Distinct Psychological Entities." Psychological Reports 80, no. 3 (June 1997): 739–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1997.80.3.739.
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It commonly is assumed that a positive instrumental value and its negative counterpart (antonym) constitute a single bipolar instrumental value. However, an alternative possibility, which has had Little testing, is that positive instrumental values and their negative counterparts (antonyms) may function as different psychological entities. To compare these alternatives the hypotheses that subjects will score the relative importance of many positive values differently from that of their negative antonyms and will rank positive values and their antonyms differently in importance were tested. Effects of 77 college students' desire for consistency and of ordering were controlled by comparing their scoring of both positive values and their antonyms at two different times at least four weeks apart. Results suggest that positive values and their antonyms may function as different psychological entities.
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Smith, Martin M., Donald H. Saklofske, and Gonggu Yan. "Perfectionism, trait emotional intelligence, and psychological outcomes." Personality and Individual Differences 85 (October 2015): 155–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2015.05.010.
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Wang, Yanhua. "College students' trait gratitude and subjective well-being mediated by basic psychological needs." Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 48, no. 4 (April 7, 2020): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.8904.
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I explored how trait gratitude affects subjective well-being and whether this relationship is mediated by the fulfillment of basic psychological needs. Participants were 481 Chinese undergraduate students, who responded to measures of trait gratitude, basic psychological needs fulfillment, and subjective well-being (SWB). The results revealed that trait gratitude, fulfillment of basic psychological needs, and SWB were significantly correlated with each other. Further, structural equation modeling results indicated that trait gratitude was a significant predictor of SWB, and this effect was partially mediated by the fulfillment of basic psychological needs. My findings provide new insight into the mechanism of how gratitude can promote SWB.
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Tennant, C. C., P. M. Langeluddecke, G. Fulcher, and J. Wilby. "Anger and other psychological factors in coronary atherosclerosis." Psychological Medicine 17, no. 2 (May 1987): 425–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291700024983.
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SynopsisThis study of 519 coronary angiography patients failed to replicate our earlier findings in 90 angiography patients (Tennant & Langeluddecke, 1985) which showed that trait tension, trait anxiety and suppression of anger were correlates of atherosclerosis. In the present studya variety of psychological measures, including state and trait anxiety, tension, anger, locus of control and suppression of anger, depression and anxiety, showed no significant association with coronary atherosclerosis as assessed by coronary angiography.
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Sowden, Walter, Alexxa Bessey, Julie Merrill, Ashlee Mckeon, Jake Choynowski, and Janna Mantua. "304 The relationship between basic personality, subjective sleep duration, and psychological distress during a military deployment." Sleep 44, Supplement_2 (May 1, 2021): A121. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsab072.303.
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Abstract Introduction Extended, overseas operations (deployments) increase the likelihood that military personnel will experience psychological distress. Reduced sleep during deployments is a key correlate of psychological distress. Thus, it is imperative to identify mechanisms that adaptively modulate the relationship between insufficient sleep and psychological distress. Research has recently connected basic personality traits (i.e., the Big Five: extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, neuroticism, and openness) to more sleep. The current project aimed to examine the relationship between basic personality traits, subjective sleep duration (SSD), and psychological distress during an operational deployment. Methods 488 soldiers took surveys both prior to and half-way through a nine-month deployment. The pre-deployment survey included the Big Five Index, and three standardized measures of psychological distress commonly used to screen military personnel for anxiety (Generalized Anxiety Disorder; GAD-7), depression (Patient Health Questionnaire; PHQ-8), and post-traumatic stress (Posttraumatic Symptom Disorder Checklist; PCL-4). The mid-deployment survey included an item from the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index measuring SSD and the same psychological distress measures from the pre-deployment survey. General linear models were used to test the interaction between SSD and each basic personality trait on each measure of psychological distress at mid-deployment while accounting for psychological distress at pre-deployment. Results Of the Big Five, conscientiousness was the only trait to significantly moderate the relationship between SSD and anxiety, t = 2.11, p = .035, where higher conscientiousness weakened the relationship. Further only agreeableness attenuated the relationship between depression and SSD, t = 2.10, p = .036. Interestingly, the only Big Five trait that moderated the relationship between SSD and PTS was openness, insomuch that openness strengthened the relationship, t = -1.92, p = .055. Conclusion The relationship between SSD and psychological distress was uniquely impacted by different personality traits. These results reinforce the age-old concept that behavior is the product of a complex, nuanced, and puzzling interaction between the individual and the environment. The current research motivates further research into personality as an adaptive mechanism for optimizing military wellbeing. Support (if any) Support for this study came from the Military Operational Medicine Research Program (MOMRP) of the United States Army Medical Research and Development Command (USAMRDC).
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Zainal Badri, Khairul Nizam Bin. "Hadith Scholars Personality Development Review: Relevance in the development of psychological behavior." Dinamika Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Dasar 13, no. 2 (September 22, 2021): 83. http://dx.doi.org/10.30595/dinamika.v13i2.9950.
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One of the definitions of personality involves character patterns that include feelings, thoughts and actions. Based on this definition it turns out that personality can not run away from the field of psychology. Personality traits are biological while personality values are environmental products influenced by culture, education and life. In the study of modern psychology, thought-based traits that are in the cognitive domain are higher than emotional traits in relation to values. In the tradition of Islamic science, there is a special traits, which is the yardstick of superior personality; that is, Al-‘Adalah or is called adil (fairness). Related to the trait of adil is the trait of dhabit (strong memory). A qualitative study using this library approach seeks to trace the properties possessed by hadith scholars, who once inspired the West to apply those attributes in their intellectual work. Studies have found that these properties have unique characteristics because of their ability to integrate ontological, epistemological and axiological dimensions and also balance the role of cognitive and affective domains in human beings that direct human physiological and psychological behavior in a positive direction.
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Emerson, Nichole M., Timothy J. Meeker, Joel D. Greenspan, Mark I. Saffer, Claudia M. Campbell, Anna Korzeniewska, and Fred A. Lenz. "Missed targets, reaction times, and arousal are related to trait anxiety and attention to pain during an experimental vigilance task with a painful target." Journal of Neurophysiology 123, no. 2 (February 1, 2020): 462–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00331.2019.
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Although hypervigilance may play a role in some clinical pain syndromes, experimental vigilance toward painful stimuli has been studied infrequently. We evaluated vigilance toward pain by using a continuous performance task (CPT), in which subjects responded to moderately intense painful target stimuli, occurring in a train of mildly painful nontargets. We assessed nondetected targets (misses), reaction times (RTs), and psychological activation (tense arousal). During time on task in CPTs of other sensory modalities, there is an increase in misses and RTs (vigilance decrement). We hypothesized that our CPT would influence vigilance performance related to pain, anxiety, and limitation of attentional resources. The results showed a decrement in vigilance over time as misses increased, although RTs were unchanged. While mind-wandering did not influence vigilance performance, intrinsic attention to pain drove both hit RTs and number of misses. This resulted in pain-focused subjects performing worse on the CPT pain task with slower RTs and more misses per block. During the CPT, the change in stimulus salience was related to the change in pain intensity, while pain unpleasantness correlated with tense arousal. CPT performance during experimental vigilance to pain and psychological activation were related to trait anxiety, as measured by the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory and neuroticism, as measured by the NEO five factor inventory. Trait anxiety and neuroticism may play important roles in an individual’s predisposition to dwell on pain and interpret pain as threatening. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Subjects detected moderately painful target stimuli in a train of mildly painful nontarget stimuli, which resulted in vigilance performance metrics including missed targets, reaction times, and psychological activation. These performance metrics were related to intrinsic attention to pain and trait anxiety. Subjects with high trait anxiety and neuroticism scores, with a predisposition to attend to pain, had greater tense arousal and poorer vigilance performance, which may be important psychological aspects of vigilance to pain.
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Ozan, Murat, and Ismail Secer. "Investigation of The Relationship Between Athletes’ Psychological Resilience, Emotional Reactivity, Psychological Maladjustment and Trait Anger Control." Retos 46 (July 30, 2022): 143–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.47197/retos.v46.92745.
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The purpose of the research is to examine the relationship between athletes’ psychological resilience, emotional reactivity, psychological maladjustment and trait anger levels and the mediating role of psychological resilience in this relationship. The data were obtained from a total of 972 athletes, 298 women and 674 men, in different sports branches (boxing, wrestling, taekwondo, athletics, soccer, volleyball, handball, basketball). In the data collection process, the emotional reactivity scale adapted to Turkish culture, the depression, anxiety, stress scale, the anger and expression style scale and the short psychological resilience scale were used. In the analysis of the data, the structural equation model was used to determine the direct and indirect predictive effects between variables. In line with the findings, although emotional reactivity in athletes exerts pressure on psychological maladjustment (depression, anxiety, and stress), psychological resilience has a protective function. It can be said that athletes with high psychological resilience may be in a more positive position in terms of showing trait anger and psychological maladjustment, whereas athletes with low psychological resilience may be in a disadvantageous position. The results of the study revealed that emotional reactivity has a positive predictor of depression, anxiety, and trait anger. On the other hand, psychological resilience was evaluated to have a strong protective function on emotional reactivity, psychological maladjustment and trait anger among athletes, and this finding was discussed in the context of the literature.
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Kornas-Biela, Dorota, Klaudia Martynowska, and Leehu Zysberg. "‘With a Little Help from My Friends’: Emotional Intelligence, Social Support, and Distress during the COVID-19 Outbreak." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no. 3 (January 31, 2023): 2515. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20032515.
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The COVID-19 pandemic presented a global existential social and health challenge, with individuals suffering mentally and psychologically. College and university students are young adults, typically away from their natural support systems; with pandemic-imposed measures such as isolation, they may have been at higher risk of experiencing negative psychological outcomes. The study tested a model in which social support mediated the association between emotional intelligence (EI) and a latent factor representing general mental distress at the height of the COVID-19 crisis in Poland. One hundred and fifty-nine young adults filled in measures of trait EI, psychological and instrumental social support, three distress measures (depression, anxiety, and stress), and demographics. The results supported a model in which psychological social support (but not instrumental social support) mediated the association between trait EI and a factor representing all three distress measures. The results shed light on how individual and social resources work together to help maintain psychological integrity in times of crisis. They add to recent results on the differential effects of psychological-emotional and instrumental social support on distress and well-being.
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Shorey, Ryan C., Tara L. Cornelius, and Catherine Idema. "Trait Anger as a Mediator of Difficulties With Emotion Regulation and Female-Perpetrated Psychological Aggression." Violence and Victims 26, no. 3 (2011): 271–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0886-6708.26.3.271.
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Recent research has demonstrated the devastating impact of female-perpetrated psychological aggression in intimate relationships broadly and dating relationships specifically. With the perpetration of psychological aggression in dating relationships occurring at shockingly high rates, prevention programming for dating violence should target this form of aggression. Toward this end, it is important to understand the antecedent conditions that increase one’s risk for perpetrating psychological aggression. This study sought to examine two possible risk factors for perpetrating psychological aggression among female undergraduates (N = 145), namely, emotion regulation and trait anger. Findings showed that difficulties with emotion regulation and trait anger were associated with increased psychological aggression perpetration, and trait anger mediated the link between emotion regulation and psychological aggression. Implications of these findings for prevention programming and future research are discussed.
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Nezlek, John B. "A multilevel framework for understanding relationships among traits, states, situations and behaviours." European Journal of Personality 21, no. 6 (October 2007): 789–810. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/per.640.
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A conceptual and analytic framework for understanding relationships among traits, states, situations, and behaviours is presented. The framework assumes that such relationships can be understood in terms of four questions. (1) What are the relationships between trait and state level constructs, which include psychological states, the situations people experience and behaviour? (2) What are the relationships between psychological states, between states and situations and between states and behaviours? (3) How do such state level relationships vary as a function of trait level individual differences? (4) How do the relationships that are the focus of questions 1, 2, and 3 change across time? This article describes how to use multilevel random coefficient modelling (MRCM) to examine such relationships. The framework can accommodate different definitions of traits and dispositions (Allportian, processing styles, profiles, etc.) and different ways of conceptualising relationships between states and traits (aggregationist, interactionist, etc.). Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Kajonius, Petri J., and John A. Johnson. "Assessing the structure of the Five Factor Model of Personality (IPIP-NEO-120) in the public domain." Europe’s Journal of Psychology 15, no. 2 (June 7, 2019): 260–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.5964/ejop.v15i2.1671.
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Assessment of individual differences in personality traits is arguably one of the hallmarks of psychological research. Testing the structural validity of trait measurements is paramount in this endeavor. In the current study, we investigated 30 facet traits in one of the accessible and comprehensive public-domain Five Factor Model (FFM) personality inventories, IPIP-NEO-120 (Johnson, 2014), using one of the largest US samples to date (N = 320,128). We present structural loadings for all trait facets organized into respective FFM-trait domain (Neuroticism, Extraversion, Openness, Agreeableness, and Conscientiousness). Both hierarchical second-order and bi-factor models showed tolerable model fit indices, using confirmatory factor analysis in a structural equation modeling (SEM) framework. Some facet traits were substantially more representative than others for their respective trait domain, which facilitate further discussions on FFM-construct content. We conclude that IPIP-NEO is sufficiently structurally robust for future use, for the benefit of research and practice in personality assessment.
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Andrews, Emma E. E., and Richard E. Hicks. "Dealing with Anxiety: Relationships among Interpersonal Attachment Style, Psychological Wellbeing and Trait Anxiety." International Journal of Psychological Studies 9, no. 4 (November 13, 2017): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijps.v9n4p53.
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Anxiety is a major contributor to poor quality mental health for many people in our community, and is a leading cause of presentations at medical and health clinics. Patterns of trait anxiety, or dysfunctional responding, have become ingrained in individuals’ approaches to problems they face. Research has shown that psychological wellbeing and interpersonal attachment style are both predictors of trait anxiety. However, the relationships among these variables have not been clarified. The current study sought to determine whether psychological wellbeing mediates the relationship between interpersonal attachment style and trait anxiety, and which of the six psychological wellbeing subscales would contribute most to any mediation effects. A convenience sample of 149 adult participants from South East Queensland, Australia completed a series of online questionnaires including a demographic questionnaire, the Trait Anxiety subscale of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-Form Y2), the Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment (IPPA), Ryff’s Psychological Wellbeing Scale (PWB), and a Social Desirability Scale (SDS-17). Psychological Wellbeing was found to partially mediate the relationship between interpersonal attachment style and trait anxiety. The Positive Relations with Others subscale of the PWB was the only significant sub-scale of the PWB that significantly predicted trait anxiety. Overcoming anxiety appears to be most related in our sample to those who deal better with interpersonal relations. Targeting this aspect in treatment approaches appears most likely to lead to improved outcomes for clients.
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Rim, SoYon, James S. Uleman, and Yaacov Trope. "Spontaneous trait inference and construal level theory: Psychological distance increases nonconscious trait thinking." Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 45, no. 5 (September 2009): 1088–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2009.06.015.
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Chiang, Yu-Tzu, and Sunny S. S. J. Lin. "Early Adolescent Players' Playfulness and Psychological Needs in Online Games." Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 38, no. 5 (May 1, 2010): 627–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2010.38.5.627.
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Early adolescent in-game playfulness (state), playfulness trait rated during the study procedure, and psychological needs fulfilled through online gaming were explored. Taiwan adolescents (N = 132) were recruited to connect to an online game for a certain period of time. Immediately after this gaming procedure, they completed questionnaires of players' momentary playfulness and psychological needs. Online game playfulness trait was mapped onto 2 broad dimensions: self-game focused and cognition-affect driving. In-game playfulness was a more suitable indicator (than playfulness trait) to describe adolescents' immediate experience of playfulness. Adolescents' psychological needs included in-game autonomy, in-game competence, and in-game relatedness, and adolescents' psychological needs predicted in-game playfulness.
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Verhees, Martine W. F. T., Eva Ceulemans, Marian J. Bakermans-Kranenburg, and Guy Bosmans. "State Attachment Variability: Between- and within-Person Level Associations with Trait Attachment and Psychological Problems." Brain Sciences 11, no. 10 (September 24, 2021): 1264. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci11101264.
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Research suggests that inter-individual differences in the degree of state attachment variability are related to differences in trait attachment and psychological problems between children. In this study, we tested whether such associations are also relevant at a within-person level, and if so, whether intra-individual fluctuations in the degree of variability were predictive of or predicted by intra-individual fluctuations in trait attachment and psychological problems. Children (N = 152; Mage = 10.41 years, SDage = 0.60 at time 1) were tested three times over a period of one year. At each timepoint, children reported on their expectations of maternal support in different distressing situations. Additionally, we administered measures of trait attachment to children and psychological problems to children and their mothers. We used Random-Intercept Cross-Lagged Panel Models to distinguish between-person from within-person associations between these constructs over time. The results revealed that the degree of state attachment variability was mainly relevant to understand differences between children in trait attachment and psychological problems: children who overall showed more state attachment variability were overall less securely attached at a trait-level and reported more psychological problems. Although evidence for within-person associations was less robust, there was some indication that the degree of state attachment variability might be related to the development of trust and psychological problems at a within-person level.
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Song, Chorong, Harumi Ikei, Bum-Jin Park, Juyoung Lee, Takahide Kagawa, and Yoshifumi Miyazaki. "Association between the Psychological Effects of Viewing Forest Landscapes and Trait Anxiety Level." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 15 (July 29, 2020): 5479. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17155479.
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The aim of this study was to validate the psychological advantages of viewing forest landscapes. Moreover, the associations between trait anxiety levels and psychological responses were evaluated. A total of 650 university male students (age, 21.7 ± 1.6 years) viewed a scenery in a forested area and an urban area for 15 min. Furthermore, the Profile of Mood States questionnaire and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory were employed for the assessment of the psychological responses and the level of trait anxiety, respectively, of the participants. Results showed that compared with viewing a city area, viewing forest areas increased positive mood state, such as vigor, and decreased negative mood states. Furthermore, trait anxiety level and changes in the psychological responses such as depression–dejection, fatigue, and confusion after viewing forest landscapes were significantly correlated. The participants with high anxiety levels had greater reduction in negative mood state, including confusion, than those with low anxiety levels. In conclusion, viewing forest landscapes induced psychological relaxation, which was more evident in individuals with high anxiety levels.
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Barberis, Nadia, Valeria Verrastro, Federica Papa, and Maria Catena Quattropani. "Suicidal ideation and psychological control in emerging adults: The role of trait EI." MALTRATTAMENTO E ABUSO ALL'INFANZIA, no. 2 (August 2020): 13–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/mal2020-002002.
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According to the literature, the suicidal cognitions may be seen as a consistent alternative in a situation of greater stress and emotional imbalance at any time of life like adolescence or emerging adulthood. The objective of this study is to investigate the relationship between sui-cidal ideation and psychological control by exploring the possible mediation role of trait emo-tional intelligence (EI). 263 female participants, aged 18 to 26, took part of this study. Results showed a positive association between suicidal ideation and psychological control, confirm-ing the toxic effect of this form of parenting that is consistently associated with maladaptive outcomes. Moreover, this study has confirmed the relevance of the trait EI as a mediator be-tween psychological control and suicidal ideation, following the data of the previous litera-ture, which also highlight the relevant role of the trait EI in the relation between psychological control and internalizing problem. Findings of the current study provide evidence for an inte-grative model of parental psychological control and trait EI in understanding the suicidal idea-tion in emerging adulthood.
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MONDAK, JEFFERY J., MATTHEW V. HIBBING, DAMARYS CANACHE, MITCHELL A. SELIGSON, and MARY R. ANDERSON. "Personality and Civic Engagement: An Integrative Framework for the Study of Trait Effects on Political Behavior." American Political Science Review 104, no. 1 (February 2010): 85–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003055409990359.
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People's enduring psychological tendencies are reflected in their traits. Contemporary research on personality establishes that traits are rooted largely in biology, and that the central aspects of personality can be captured in frameworks, or taxonomies, focused on five trait dimensions: openness to experience, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and emotional stability. In this article, we integrate a five-factor view of trait structure within a holistic model of the antecedents of political behavior, one that accounts not only for personality, but also for other factors, including biological and environmental influences. This approach permits attention to the complex processes that likely underlie trait effects, and especially to possible trait–situation interactions. Primary tests of our hypotheses draw on data from a 2006 U.S. survey, with supplemental tests introducing data from Uruguay and Venezuela. Empirical analyses not only provide evidence of the value of research on personality and politics, but also signal some of the hurdles that must be overcome for inquiry in this area to be most fruitful.
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Fares Aljaser, Loulwah Motlaq. "Maladaptive Perfectionism and Psychological Distress: The Mediating Role of Trait Emotional Intelligence." International Journal of Business and Management 13, no. 6 (May 16, 2018): 174. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijbm.v13n6p174.
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The study aimed to reveal levels of psychological distress and maladaptive perfectionism at the students of secondary stages in Kuwait schools, and to determine the relationship between those two factors under the effect of trait emotional intelligence. The study sample was composed of (255) students from six schools located in different areas in Kuwait city. A self- administered questionnaire was used as the study instrument for collecting data. It was found that both psychological distress and maladaptive perfectionism were found at medium level, whereas trait emotional intelligence was found at the high level, Moreover it was found that trait emotional intelligence as a mediator affects the psychological distress- maladaptive perfectionism relationship.
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Anindita, Arvidyani, and Arum Etikariena. "Hubungan Trait Mindfulness dan Keterikatan Kerja dengan Melibatkan Peran Mediasi Modal Psikologis." Journal Psikogenesis 8, no. 1 (July 9, 2020): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.24854/jps.v8i1.1039.
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Abstract— Trait mindfulness received great attention in academic research in the past years. Early research about trait mindfulness in the professional area focused on stress reduction and well-being outcomes yet little known its impact on performance and work-related outcomes. This study aimed to know trait mindfulness’ impact on work engagement, with psychological capital as the mediator. This is cross-sectional study with 591 white-collar workers in Indonesia as the sample. The result showed that psychological capital partially mediates the relationship between trait mindfulness and work engagement even after controlling demographic and organizational factors (age, gender, education level, job tenure, job level, and organization type). The findings of this study indicated the positive benefits of developing trait mindfulness and psychological capital in employees.Abstrak— Beberapa tahun terakhir, trait mindfulness mendapat banyak perhatian di dunia ilmiah. Penelitian-penelitian awal mengenai trait mindfulness di dunia kerja lebih berfokus pada kesejahteraan karyawan dan penurunan stres namun belum banyak diketahui dampaknya terhadap performa dan hasil kerja. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat dampak trait mindfulness terhadap keterlibatan kerja karyawan, dengan modal psikologis sebagai mediator. Penelitian ini merupakan studi cross-sectional dengan 591 karyawan kerah putih di Indonesia sebagai sampel. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa modal psikologis secara parsial memediasi hubungan antara trait mindfulness dan keterlibatan kerja karyawan bahkan setelah mengontrol faktor demografis dan faktor organisasi (usia, gender, tingkat pendidikan, masa kerja, tingkat jabatan, dan jenis organisasi). Hasil penelitian ini mengindikasikan adanya manfaat positif dari mengembangkan trait mindfulness dan modal psikologis karyawan.
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Tennant, C., Kerry Goulston, and Pauline Langeluddecke. "Psychological correlates of gastric and duodenal ulcer disease." Psychological Medicine 16, no. 2 (May 1986): 365–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291700009193.
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SynopsisPsychological correlates of gastric and duodenal ulcer disease were assessed in a group of somewhat older patients with ulcer disease identified by endoscopy. Associations between both ulcer types and symptom measures (anxiety and depression) seemed only to reflect severity or chronicity of gastrointestinal symptoms or the impending endoscopy procedure. Associations with ‘trait’ psychological indices may be of causal significance. Duodenal ulcer patients had higher ‘introversion’ and ‘psychoticism’ scores (on the EPQ) than controls, while gastric ulcer patients had higher psychoticism scores and ‘trait anxiety’ scores. These findings could not be attributed to confounding variables.When the two ulcer groups were compared, the gastric ulcer group had significantly higher neuroticism, psychoticism and hostility scores which were not attributable to confounding variables. The higher depression scores in gastric ulcer patients, however, simply reflected the greater chronicity of their physical symptoms. The groups did not differ significantly on measures of trait anxiety, tension, introversion or Type A behaviour.
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Del Hoyo-Bilbao, Joana, Izaskun Orue, and Esther Calvete. "Interaction of Psychopathic Traits Dimensions in the Prediction of Psychological and Physical Child-to-Parent Violence in Adolescents." Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment 44, no. 1 (November 4, 2021): 235–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10862-021-09940-w.
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AbstractThis study examined the longitudinal relationships between three psychopathic trait dimensions (callous-unemotional, CU; grandiose-manipulative, GM; and impulsive-irresponsible, II) and their interaction in the prediction of psychological and physical child-to-parent violence (CPV). Furthermore, the study examined whether the predictive relationships were different for boys and girls. A total of 765 adolescents (463 girls), with a mean age of 15.28 years (SD = 1.04), completed measures of the psychopathic trait dimensions (CU, GM, and II) and psychological and physical CPV at the beginning of the study and six months later. At the cross-sectional level, all the psychopathic trait dimensions were related to psychological and physical CPV, although the effect sizes were small. At the longitudinal level, II predicted increased psychological CPV. A significant three-way interaction between the three psychopathic trait dimensions (CU, GM, and II) indicated that the longitudinal association between II and physical CPV was higher for adolescents with high CU and low GM. However, the predictive model did not differ for boys and girls.
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Zhang, Heyun, and Huanhuan Zhao. "How Is Virtuous Personality Trait Related to Online Deviant Behavior among Adolescent College Students in the Internet Environment? A Moderated Moderated-Mediation Analysis." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 15 (August 3, 2022): 9528. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19159528.
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Online deviant behavior is a series of maladaptive behaviors that may have adverse effects on the physical and mental health of others and adolescents in the Internet environment. Previous studies have paid more attention to the risk factors of adolescent online deviant behavior. However, its protective factors and psychological mechanisms remain unclear. Thus, this study explored the protective effect of virtuous personality trait on adolescents’ online deviant behavior and its psychological mechanism. A total of 851 Chinese college students anonymously completed a series of questionnaires about virtuous personality trait, moral disengagement, perspective taking, and online deviant behavior. The findings showed the following: (1) Virtuous personality trait was negatively correlated with online deviant behavior. (2) Moral disengagement mediated the relationship between virtuous personality trait and online deviant behavior. (3) Perspective taking moderated the first half stage of the mediation model in which college students’ virtuous personality trait influences online deviant behavior via moral disengagement. (4) A moderated moderated-mediation analysis found that gender moderated the moderating effect of perspective taking on the relationship between virtuous personality trait and moral disengagement. This study is helpful to demonstrate the protective effect and psychological mechanism of virtuous personality trait on online deviant behavior. Some theoretical and practical significance and limitations were also analyzed and discussed.
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Storch, Eric A., Adrienne H. Kovacs, Jonathan W. Roberti, Lisa M. Bailey, Erica A. Bravata, and Jason B. Storch. "Strength of Religious Faith and Psychological Adjustment in Intercollegiate Athletes." Psychological Reports 94, no. 1 (February 2004): 48–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.94.1.48-50.
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In light of recent research examining the distress buffering properties of religion in intercollegiate athletes' lives, the present study investigated associations among religious faith and depressive symptoms, trait anxiety, and loneliness. Using self-report questionnaires, religious faith was not correlated with depressive symptoms, trait anxiety, and loneliness in 57 intercollegiate athletes.
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Tu, Pei-Chiung. "The effects of trait resilience and rumination on psychological adaptation to breast cancer." Health Psychology Open 9, no. 2 (July 2022): 205510292211407. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/20551029221140765.
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This cross-sectional study examined the effect of trait resilience and specific types of rumination on positive psychological adaptation post-diagnosis among 201 breast cancer patients. They completed self-reported measures describing trait resilience, rumination, posttraumatic growth, and health-related quality of life. Hierarchical analysis showed that trait resilience significantly predicted higher quality of life and posttraumatic growth after controlling for demographic and clinical variables. Additionally, “intrusion” and “brooding” subtypes of rumination negatively predicted quality of life, with “instrumentality” positively predicting quality of life and posttraumatic growth, suggesting the importance of trait resilience and multidimensional rumination for positive psychological changes among breast cancer survivors.
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Dyah, Ayu Suci Purnamaning, and Endang Fourianalistyawati. "PERAN TRAIT MINDFULNESS TERHADAP KESEJAHTERAAN PSIKOLOGIS PADA LANSIA." Jurnal Psikologi Ulayat 5, no. 1 (April 19, 2018): 109. http://dx.doi.org/10.24854/jpu12018-115.
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<p><em>Abstract</em> ─<strong> </strong><em>As individuals enter the elderly stage of development, they undergo many physical, social, spiritual, and psychological changes. Older adults who are not ready for the certain changes may be more susceptible to stress. Stressful conditions may reduce psychological well-being in the elderly. To deal with such issues, older adults need to have the ability to be aware of present experience, or is also called the trait mindfulness. This study attempted to see if the trait mindfulness has a significant role in psychological well-being. The sample of this research was retired older adults living in Jakarta, Bogor, Depok, Tangerang, and Bekasi (n = 120). This study used an adapted scale of the Five Facet of Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ) to measure trait mindfulness and an adapted version of the Psychological Well-Being Scale to measure psychological well-being. Regression results indicate that four of the five dimensions of trait mindfulness have significant roles on some dimensions psychological well-being. Those dimensions of trait mindfulness are acting with awareness, describing, non reactivity, and non-judging. Observing is found not to have any significant role in psychological well-being.</em></p><p><em><br /></em></p><p>Abstrak ─<strong> </strong>Memasuki masa lansia, individu mengalami banyak perubahan pada kondisi fisik, sosial, spiritual dan psikologisnya. Lansia yang tidak siap dengan perubahan tersebut akan rentan terhadap stres. Kondisi yang demikian dapat menurunkan kesejahteraan psikologis (<em>psychological well-being</em>) pada lansia. Untuk menangani permasalahan tersebut, lansia perlu mengembangkan sifat <em>mindfulness</em> (kemampuan untuk berfokus pada apa yang terjadi saat ini) didalam dirinya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat apakah <em>trait mindfulness</em> berperan secara signifikan terhadap kesejahteraan psikologis pada lansia. Sampel penelitian ialah orang-orang yang sudah tidak bekerja dan berdomisili di wilayah Jakarta, Bogor, Depok, Tangerang, dan Bekasi (n = 120). Penelitian ini menggunakan adaptasi skala <em>Five Facet Mindfulness</em> <em>Questionnaire</em> untuk mengukur <em>trait mindfulness</em> dan S<em>cale of</em> <em>Psychological Well Being </em>untuk mengukur<em> </em>kesejahteraan psikologis<em>.</em> Hasil analisis regresi ganda menunjukkan empat dari lima dimensi <em>trait</em> <em>mindfulness</em> berperan signifikan terhadap beberapa dimensi kesejahteraan psikologis. Dimensi-dimensi dari<em> trait mindfulness</em> tersebut yaitu <em>acting with awareness, describing, non-reactivity, </em>dan <em>non-judging</em>. Sementara itu, dimensi lainnya yang tidak berperan adalah <em>observing</em>.</p>
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Khan, Inam Ullah, Umar Safdar, and Zohair Durrani. "THE LIGHT TRIAD TRAITS, PSYCHOLOGICAL EMPOWERMENT, CREATIVE SELF-EFFICACY, SELF-RESILIENCE AND INNOVATIVE PERFORMANCE IN ICT OF PAKISTAN." SEPTEMBER 37, no. 03 (September 20, 2021): 297–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.51380/gujr-37-03-05.
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This study analyses how the Information & Communication Technology sector of managers having light triad traits (altruism, empathy, compassion) associates employee innovative performance through creative self-efficacy, Self-Resilience, and psychological empowerment. This study used pro social trait theory for Light triad traits of managers and employees' perspectives to broaden and build an approach. This study hypothesized a relationship amid Light triad traits, creative self-efficacy, self-resilience and psychological empowerment, which affects the innovative performance of employee. Light triad traits have most substantial positive relationship with innovative performance when employees have high levels of the self-resilience and creative self-efficacy. The psychological empowerment mediates relationship between the Light triad traits and innovative employee performance. Data was collected in total from 650 employees, 500 employees (followers) in which they rated their managers (leaders) and after 1 week, 150 managers (leaders) rated their employee's performance and generated results to support our study hypotheses.
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Kamushadze, Tamar, Khatuna Martskvishvili, Maia Mestvirishvili, and Mariami Odilavadze. "Does perfectionism lead to well-being? The role of flow and personality traits." Europe’s Journal of Psychology 17, no. 2 (May 31, 2021): 43–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5964/ejop.1987.
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Perfectionism is a personality trait that plays an important role in understanding human behavior and functioning. There has been a focus on the negative aspects and outcomes of perfectionism, and less is known about whether and how perfectionism relates to adaptive characteristics of personality and normal functioning. We investigated associations between different aspects of perfectionism and psychological well-being in two studies by determining the role of dispositional flow and personality traits in this relationship. In Study 1, participants completed questionnaires for perfectionism, psychological well-being and flow. In Study 2, personality traits from the HEXACO model of personality were additionally measured. We found that psychological well-being had a positive correlation with conscientious perfectionism and a negative correlation with self-evaluative perfectionism. Flow mediates the relationship between conscientious perfectionism and psychological well-being. There was no correlation between self-evaluative perfectionism and dispositional flow. After controlling for relevant personality traits, dispositional flow remains the mediator between conscientious perfectionism and psychological well-being, but the relation becomes negative. Implications for the understanding of how different components of perfectionism are related to psychological well-being and how flow experience contributes to this relationship are discussed.
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Leal, Pollyana Caldeira, Tiago Costa Goes, Luiz Carlos Ferreira da Silva, and Flavia Teixeira-Silva. "Trait vs. state anxiety in different threatening situations." Trends in Psychiatry and Psychotherapy 39, no. 3 (August 14, 2017): 147–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2237-6089-2016-0044.
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Abstract Objective Anxiety as a uni- or multidimensional construct has been under discussion. The unidimensional approach assumes that there is a general trait anxiety, which predisposes the individuals to increases in state anxiety in various threatening situations. In this case, there should be a correlation between state and trait anxiety in any situation of threat. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between trait and state anxiety in participants exposed to two different anxiogenic situations: interpersonal threat (Video-Monitored Stroop Test – VMST) and physical threat (third molar extraction – TME). Methods Participants with various levels of trait anxiety (general trait: State-Trait Anxiety Inventory – STAI, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale; specific trait: Social Phobia Inventory, Dental Anxiety Scale) had their anxious state evaluated (STAI, self-evaluation of tension level, heart rate, electromyogram activity) before, during and after the VMST or the TME. Results In VMST, trait anxiety correlated to state anxiety (psychological parameters) in all test phases. However, in TME, the only trait measurement that correlated to state anxiety (psychological parameters) was the Dental Anxiety Scale. Conclusion Trait anxiety correlates positively to state anxiety in situations of interpersonal threat, but not of physical threat.
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Coen, Steven Paul, and Benjamin M. Ogles. "Psychological Characteristics of the Obligatory Runner: A Critical Examination of the Anorexia Analogue Hypothesis." Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology 15, no. 3 (September 1993): 338–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsep.15.3.338.
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Several aspects of obligatory running are examined with particular emphasis on the anorexia analogue hypothesis. The psychometric characteristics of the Obligatory Exercise Questionnaire were examined in a preliminary study. The OEQ is unrelated to socially desirable responding and has adequate reliability and validity. Data were collected from a second sample to identify obligatory and nonobligatory runners. Validation of the obligatory construct is examined by comparing demographic and training differences between obligatory and nonobligatory runners. Obligatory runners train more miles, days, and hours per week; have faster finishing times; are more likely to continue running when injured; and report feeling higher levels of anxiety when not running. The anorexia analogue hypothesis is examined by comparing the personality characteristics of obligatory and nonobligatory male marathon runners. Obligatory and nonobligatory runners were not significantly different on measures of identity diffusion or trait anger. They were significantly different on measures of perfectionism and trait anxiety.
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楊靜怡, 楊靜怡. "職業軍人特質正念與組織公民行為之關係研究—以心理資本為中介變項." 中華輔導與諮商學報 66, no. 66 (January 2023): 001–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.53106/172851862023010066001.
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<p>本研究旨在探討職業軍人特質正念、心理資本與組織公民行為表現間的關係，並檢證心理資本在特質正念與組織公民行為間所扮演的中介角色。本研究採用立意取樣調查法，以陸軍職業軍人為對象，共蒐集407份問卷，並運用結構方程模式的統計方法探究變項間的關係。研究結果現：（1）特質正念對組織公民行為不具有顯著的正向關聯；（2）特質正念對心理資本具有顯著的正向關聯；（3）心理資本對組織公民行為具有顯著的正向關聯；（4）心理資本在特質正念與組織公民行為間扮演完全中介角色。由研究結果可知，職業軍人的特質正念對組織公民行為的直接關聯雖不明顯，卻可經由提升正向心理資本，增進官兵在奉公與利他的行為表現。最後，研究者依據研究結果提出建議，提供部隊實務工作者、相關諮商與輔導人員以及未來研究之參考。</p> <p> </p><p>Context and Object: Military organizations differ in nature from other organizations. The professionalism of military organization members is demonstrated in the implementation of "ultimate liability," which means to protect national security and make sacrifices for the well-being of the people at any point of time. Assisting soldiers to actively engage in organizational citizenship behaviors and become good organizational citizens is an important method to enhance their professionalism and "ultimate liability." Previous studies have shown that in the workplace, employees with more positive psychological and emotional capital tend to express more organizational citizenship behaviors. However, these results are mainly from studies on corporate employees; it is unknown if this is also true for military personnel. In addition, prior research on organizational citizenship behavior has rarely explored the possible effects of the positive psychological state. To fill these gaps, this study focused on soldiers as research targets and explored the relationship between trait mindfulness, psychological capital, and organizational citizenship behavior. Simultaneously, it verified the mediating effect of psychological capital between trait mindfulness and organizational citizenship behavior. Method: The study used purposive sampling; 407 soldiers from the two army camps in Taiwan were selected and analyzed using the structural equation model. Results: The results showed that: (1) trait mindfulness had no significant association with organizational citizenship behavior (path coefficient value β = 0.00, p > .05); (2) trait mindfulness had a significant positive association with psychological capital (path coefficient value β = 0.40, p < .001); (3)psychological capital had a significant positive relationship with organizational citizenship behavior (path coefficient value β = 0.83, p < .001); (4)psychological capital completely mediated the relationship between trait mindfulness and organizational citizenship behavior (indirect effect value β = 0.33, p < .05, 95% confidence interval did not contain 0). Conclusion and Suggestion: From the results, it can be seen that although the direct relationship between the soldiers’ trait mindfulness and organizational citizenship behavior was not obvious, trait mindfulness can indirectly improve their organizational citizenship behavior performance by enhancing other positive psychological capital. In summary, the contributions of this study are as follows: first, it expanded the application and research scope of mindfulness in the military field. It showed that mindfulness can be used to promote soldiers’mental health and work performance in high-pressure situations; mindfulness also has indirect benefits in motivating altruistic and helpful organizational citizenship behavior. Second, this study confirmed that the soldiers’ law-abiding and altruistic behavior in the military can be cultivated not only by the current methods of ethical appeals and moral training but can also be achieved by enhancing trait mindfulness and inner psychological capital. Based on the results, the author provides several suggestions for the practice of military counseling; for example, military mental health centers can systematically and continuously conduct related activities, encourage soldiers to practice mindfulness to enhance their self-awareness and insight abilities, cultivate psychological capital, and implement self-management for mental health. Political warfare officers and cadres at the basic level are the first-line counselors for soldiers. They are familiar with the life and training of the army. If they can integrate the skills and concepts of mindfulness-awareness into the military daily life and training, it can help develop the soldiers’ military ethics. Finally, the author also suggests that the army should continue to explore and develop other activities that enhance soldiers’ inner psychological capital, to improve their altruistic behavior and reduce unfavorable behavior in the military organization.</p> <p> </p>
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Brown, Steven P., William L. Cron, and John W. Slocum. "Effects of Trait Competitiveness and Perceived Intraorganizational Competition on Salesperson Goal Setting and Performance." Journal of Marketing 62, no. 4 (October 1998): 88–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002224299806200407.
Full textAbstract:
The authors assess the effects of trait competitiveness and competitive psychological climate on self-set goal levels and sales performance. The results indicate an interaction between trait competitiveness and competitive psychological climate, such that (1) salespeople who are high in trait competitiveness set higher goals when they perceive the organizational climate as competitive and (2) salespeople who are low in trait competitiveness set relatively low goals, regardless of their perceptions of competition in the organizational climate. Results also indicate that a self-set goal level is related strongly to performance and that self-efficacy has strong direct and indirect effects on sales performance. The authors also discuss implications for theory and practice.