Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Psychological effect'
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1
Hoskin, Robert. "The effect of psychological stress on auditory perception." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2014. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/6193/.
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Psychological stress appears to precede instances of auditory hallucinations in those vulnerable to them. This suggests that psychological stress acts on the auditory perceptual system in such a way as to encourage the generation of false percepts. This thesis investigated the impact of psychological stress on the perception of emotionally neutral sounds with the aim of identifying a potential mechanism to explain the influence of stress on the occurrence of auditory hallucinations. Two interconnected hypotheses, arising from the theory that stress reduces attentional control and therefore the ability to inhibit distracting information, were tested. An auditory signal detection task was created to test whether stress would reduce the ability of the auditory-perceptual mechanism to accurately detect signals. Instead of reducing discrimination ability, stress was found to bias responding towards reporting a signal in highly anxious individuals. A number of passive oddball tasks were designed to test the hypothesis that stress would increase the distraction caused by emotionally neutral sounds. Once again this hypothesis was largely refuted, with stress appearing to reduce, rather than increase, the impact of distracting auditory information on task performance. On the basis of these findings a revised model of how stress may encourage auditory hallucinations was proposed. This model suggests that, through a strengthening of selective attention, stress may mal-adaptively bias auditory perception towards misinterpreting internal signals as external. Further research proposals, designed to test the predictions of this model, are suggested.
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France, Christopher R. (Christopher Robert). "Cardiovascular responses to psychological stress and caffeine." Thesis, McGill University, 1990. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=74649.
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While considerable information exists regarding the independent effects of caffeine and psychological stress on cardiovascular activity, there is relatively little information on their combined effects. Since caffeine may enhance cardiovascular responsivity to psychological stress, research on hemodynamic responses to caffeine-stress combinations may help elucidate mechanisms of hypertension development. In a series of studies, regular consumers of caffeine were exposed to laboratory and naturalistic stressors with and without prior caffeine intake. Among the findings were (1) caffeine and stress produced additive increases in blood pressure, (2) caffeine appears to potentiate beta-adrenergic responsivity to active coping, but not passive coping, stressors, (3) caffeine enhanced emotional responses to stress, and (4) cardiovascular responses to caffeine and stress in a naturalistic setting were similar to those observed in the laboratory. These results indicate that caffeine may enhance cardiovascular and psychological responses to stress, and that these responses may contribute to risk for essential hypertension.
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Newlove, Theresa A. "Methodological and psychological predictors of the white coat effect." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape15/PQDD_0015/NQ27215.pdf.
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Lucas, Colleen M. "The effect of social accounts on psychological contract violation." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape10/PQDD_0015/MQ48022.pdf.
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Kays, Brenda S. "The Effect of Psychological Type, Economic Status, and Minority." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2001. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc2798/.
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The purpose of this study was to determine if psychological type, economic status, and minority classification had an effect on the pass/fail rates of vocational nursing students. The rationale for conducting this study was based on the need for the institution to maintain program viability and successfully retain students. The personality types of vocational nursing students were measured using the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator. Measures of economic status and minority classification were obtained through subject self-report. Students enrolled in a vocational nursing program at a small North Texas community college were studied. The Chi-square Test of Independence with a 2 x 2 design was employed. Findings indicated that there was a statistically significant relationship between the pass/fail rates of thinkers versus feelers in the vocational nursing classroom. Findings did not indicate a statistically significant relationship between the pass/fail rates of extraverts versus introverts; sensers versus intuitives; or judgers versus perceivers in the vocational nursing classroom. Findings also suggested that there were no significant relationships between the pass/fail rates of individuals with poverty versus non-poverty economic statuses, nor between individuals with minority versus non-minority
classifications. Based on this study, vocational nursing students psychologically typed as thinkers, may have lower passing rates in the vocational nursing classroom setting.
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Heyns, Gerhardus Johannes. "Influence of macro- versus microcooling on the physiological and psychological performance of the human operator." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1016247.
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This study evaluated the effect of a macro- versus a microcooling system on the cognitive, psychomotor and physiological performance of human operators. Male subjects (n = 24) were acclimatized for four days and then subjected to three different environmental conditions: hot ambient (40°C; 40% RH), microcooling and macrocooling. Each environmental condition was repeated twice; once under a rest condition and once while simulating a physical workload of 40 W. Four performance tests (reasoning, eye-hand coordination, memory, reaction time) were conducted once every hour for four hours. Five physiological measurements, viz rectal temperature, skin temperature, heart rate, total sweat loss and sweat rate, were taken. A significant difference existed between the physiological responses under the hot ambient condition and both cooling conditions. For all five physiological parameters he human operator benefitted substantially whatever the cooling condition. The psychological performance results indicated a greater benefit under the cooling conditions, though various external factors may have influenced responses. User perception showed that macrocooling was perceived to be the optimal method of cooling. The results showed that there was no difference in the extent to which both rectal temperature and heart rate (for rest and work conditions) decreased over the 4-hour study period with micro- and macrocooling. In the baseline hot environment both increase. Sweat rate was lowest when resting or working in a microcooled environment and at its highest in the hot baseline environment. Mean skin temperature was lowest (for rest and work conditions) with microcooling and highest in the hot baseline environment. Reaction time and memory/attention were the same under all three environmental conditions. Eye-hand coordination was better with cooling than without, but did not differ between the two cooling conditions. Reasoning ability was poorest under the hot baseline condition and best in the macrocooled environment. User perception showed that the subjects found macrocooling highly acceptable. Microcooling was found to be uncomfortable, particularly because cold air (18 - 21°C) entered the jacket at one point which caused numbness of the skin at that point. Jackets did not always fit subjects well and the umbilical cord restricted free movement.
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Saari, Pauli. "Intrinsic Motivation : Psychological and Neuroscientific Perspectives." Thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för kommunikation och information, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-6862.
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The aim of this essay is to give an overview of the topic of intrinsic motivation based on psychological an neuroimaging research. More specifically, the objective is to give an overview of the various benefits of intrinsic motivation, discuss its relationship to extrinsic rewards, and review the existing neuroimaging research that has explicitly explored intrinsic motivatoin. A positive relationship betweeen intrinsic motivation and persistence, conceptual learning, creativity, and both hedonic and eudaimonic well-being has been demonstrated. A wealth of studies has shown that extrinsic rewards undermine intrinsic motivation, while the validity of these findings has been debated. Initial neuroimaging studies concerning the neural basis of intrinsic motivation have been conducted, showing unique activations in the intrinsic motivation conditions in e.g. the anterior precuneus and the right insular cortex. Conceptual and methodological problems have been discussed, and it is suggested that the neuroscientific findings mentioned above can be interpreted in terms of the neural distinction between wanting and liking, rather than in terms of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation, and that psychological research can draw on neuroscientific findings in order to make its research more precise.
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Wang, Di. "The effect of psychological and biological factors on financial choices." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2018. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/422199/.
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The purpose of this thesis is to investigate the effect of psychological and biological factors on personal and household financial choices, which include asset allocation, wealth accumulation, pereference heterogeneity, and particular financial behaviours. The psychological factors include cognitive abilities and personality traits. The first paper (Chapter 2) studies the effect of cognitive abilities on household portfolio choice with respect to assets shares and diversification. I use survey data from the Health and Retirement Survey (HRS) and English Longitudinal Survey of Aging (ELSA), which measure cognitive abilities, wealth composition, and detailed demographic information on aging populations in the US and the UK, respectively. I find that cognition is negatively associated with the percentage of investment in safe assets, but positively associated with the share of financial assets in retirement accounts. For households with low and median levels of financial wealth, these relationships are uniformly significant. However, the results do not support cognition as a predictor of the proportion of investments in risky assets. In addition, cognitive abilities are positively associated with the level of asset portfolio diversification. I discuss several possible explanations for why individuals engage in this portfolio shifting strategy and provide some practical implications. The second paper (Chapter 3) investigates the effects of perfectionism on tolerance of financial risk and on wealth accumulation, and explores the possible channels through which these effects occur. Perfectionism encompasses two essential facets: strivings and evaluative concern. Financial risk tolerance is a subjective function of the financial risk that an investor can accept. I implement a cross-sectional study with an online survey sampling of 661 US residents. First, perfectionistic striving is positively associated with financial risk tolerance, but perfectionistic concerns have no impact on financial risk tolerance. Second, the positive link between perfectionism striving and financial risk tolerance is consistent in different demographic subgroups, based on gender, aging, religion, and marital status. Third, perfectionistic striving (concern) positively (negatively) predicts liquid wealth mediated by investment knowledge. Furthermore, investment knowledge, and investment knowledge followed by liquid wealth are two channels through which striving and evaluative concern affect risk tolerance. Finally, perfectionistic concerns inhibit gambling expenditures. This study extends the understanding of the influence of perfectionism on individual financial well-being. Circadian rhythm is the 24 hour-cycle biological process of living beings. The third paper (Chapter 4) examines the effect of chronotype on delinquent credit card payments and stock market participation through preference channels. Using an online survey of 455 individuals who have been working for 3 to 8 years in companies in mainland China, the results reveal that morningness is negatively associated with delinquent credit card payments. Morningness also indirectly predicts delinquent credit card payments through time preference, but this relationship only exists when individuals` monthly income is at low to average level. On the other hand, financial risk preference accounts for the effect of morningness on stock market participation. Consequently, an additional finding is that morningness is positively associated with financial risk preference, which contradicts previous findings in the literature. Finally, based on the empirical evidence, I discuss the plausible mechanisms that may drive these relationships and the implications for theory and practice. The current study contributes to the literature by examining the links between circadian typology and particular financial behaviours of experienced workers.
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Xia, Yifei, and 夏怡斐. "The effect of the presentation format of bonus scheme on investors' judements and voting decisions." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/202352.
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Cheng, Hiu-wan Keens, and 鄭曉韻. "The effect of polydrug abuse on neuropsychological functions." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2006. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B37100981.
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Diener, Diane M. (Diane May). "The effect of locus control on exposure to computers and programming experience /." Thesis, McGill University, 1985. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=63298.
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Scheetz, Andrea M. "The Effect of Psychological Contract Violations on Employee Intentions to Report Fraud." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1459529297.
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Ball, Marianne. "The effect of stress on memory : eyewitness performance in juveniles and young adults." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/11900.
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Includes abstract.Includes bibliographical references (p. 121-131).
An experimental design was used to investigate the relationship between stress and eyewitness memory in adolescents (Experiment 1) and young adults (Experiment 2). Psychosocial stress was induced using a public speaking task. As eyewitness outcome measures, participants were asked to provide a physical description and to make a lineup identification of a) a research assistant with whom they had interacted under stressful circumstances (prior to public speaking), and b) a research assistant with whom they had interacted under neutral circumstances. Participants also responded to questions that tested their memory for central and peripheral details of the interactions.
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Nodine, Janet Lynn. "THE EFFECT OF THERAPEUTIC TOUCH ON ANXIETY AND WELL-BEING IN THIRD TRIMESTER PREGNANT WOMEN." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/276506.
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This study was conducted to determine whether or not a significant difference exists in pregnant women among those receiving therapeutic touch, mock therapeutic touch, or no touch on measurements of anxiety and well-being. Thirty third trimester primigravida subjects were tested pre- and postintervention using the State-Anxiety Inventory and a Well-Being Visual Analog; heart and respiratory rates were monitored before, during, and after the treatment. No significant differences were found using analysis of covariance with the pre-test scores as the covariate. The findings indicate that therapeutic touch may not be useful in reducing state anxiety or enhancing subjective well-being in pregnancy. Study limitations include a small sample size, use of an instrument without established reliability and validity, and a study environment that may have increased anxiety.
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French, Tricia A. "The effect of a weapon's presence on witnesses' memory for auditory information." Virtual Press, 2001. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1221315.
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Research supports the notion that weapons impair eyewitnesses' memory for visual information (weapon focus effect). Pickel and Betts (1999) found that the presence of a weapon can also interfere with witnesses' memory for auditory information. The primary objective of the current study was to replicate Pickel and Betts's (1999) findings, to extend their findings by implementing different methodological procedures, and to control for a confound associated with their study. A secondary goal was to further investigate the impact that arousal and novelty have on the weapon focus effect. Participants watched a videotape depicting a story about a man stalking a woman. The man approached the woman holding either a switchblade knife or a black ballpoint pen. The man's conversation varied so that it was either easy or difficult to comprehend. Participants then completed questionnaires assessing their arousal level, memory for visual and auditory information, and perceived unusualness of the object carried by the target. [n addition, they attempted to identify the target in a photo and audio lineup. Results indicate that the presence of a weapon does not affect memory for vocal characteristics or for semantic content of speech when the content of the message is rather simple. As the complexity of the message increases, however, a weapon will interfere with witnesses' memory for the content. Also, results support the hypothesis that the weapon focus effect occurs because the weapon is perceived to be unusual and that increased levels of arousal are not necessary to obtain the effect. Analyses revealed no significant effects or interactions related to witnesses' ability to identify the man in the photo or audio lineup. The results supported Pickel and Betts's (1999) conclusions, thus increasing our knowledge concerning the reliability of eyewitness testimony.Department of Psychological Science
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Kohl, Rita Ann. "Physiological and Psychological Parameters of Human Touch." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1992. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc332744/.
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The purpose of the present study was to investigate a human being's basic responses to being touched by another human being in a nonreactive context and the effects of an illogical rationale on system disorganization. Two hypothesis were put forth: 1 - that persons in similar circumstances who are not touched, and 2 - that persons who are touched for a reason that makes sense will display less psychological and physiological variability than persons who are touched for a reason that makes less sense or, perhaps, is even considered "illofical." Forehead touch was chose. Positive and negative affect scales were utilized to measure psychological reactivity while skin temperature and heart rate were employed to measure psychological reactivity. These hypotheses were not supported in the present study since the expected group by phase interactions were not obtained. Instead, main effects for phase were found, especially for heart rate scores. Many concerns about the nature of the sample and the manipulation itself are discussed.
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Abgenah, Meftah Mohammed. "The effect of heat and exercise on emotion and psychological performance." Thesis, Liverpool John Moores University, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.446352.
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Selkirk, Rosemary. "The effect of postnatal debriefing on the psychological health of mothers." Thesis, Federation University Australia, 2012. http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/HandleResolver/${Handle}.
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One hundred and forty-nine women were recruited in Ballarat during the third trimester of their pregnancy, and systematically assigned to treatment and control conditions, to assess the effect of midwife-led postnatal debriefing on psychological variables.Doctor of Psychology (Clinical)
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Power, Kevin George. "Pharmacological and psychological aspects of anxiety management in primary care." Thesis, University of Stirling, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/21527.
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Pilot Study: a) 21 Generalised Anxiety Disorder (GAD) patients were treated double-blind with either diazepam or placebo for 6 weeks. This active treatment period was preceded by one-week single-blind placebo 'wash-in', and followed by two-week single-blind 'washout'. Results showed that diazepam used in moderate doses for 6 weeks produced anxiety recurrence and withdrawal symptoms. b) 10 GAD patients were randomly allocated to Cognitive-Behaviour Therapy (CBT) and compared with the above diazepam and placebo groups. All treatments were balanced for degree of Psychologist/patient contact. At cessation of active treatment CBT superiority was indicated. Post-Study psychotropic prescription and psychological treatment were assessed at 12 months follow-up. The CBT group had the lowest incidence of subsequent treatment interventions. Main Study : 101 GAD patients were randomly allocated to diazepam, placebo, CBT, CBT + diazepam, and CBT + placebo, and treated over 10 weeks. Outcome measures at end of treatment and at 6 months follow-up revealed the superiority of all CBT treatments; especially CBT alone, and CBT + diazepam. Diazepam was more effective than placebo. CBT + diazepam, and diazepam groups showed no anxiety recurrence during graded withdrawal. Secondary Study : 205 long-term benzodiazepine users were matched for age and sex with controls. Inspection of medical case notes showed that benzodiazepine users had higher rates of previous physical illness, GP attendance, and non-psychotropic drug prescription. Differences emerged between anxiolytic, hypnotic, and anxiolytic + hypnotic benzodiazepine users in age, history of physical illness, and previously prescribed medication. Tertiary Study : 44 long-term benzodiazepine users were interviewed. The incidence of psychological ill-health and social problems was lower than expected. Patients were dependent on medication, and reported concern if their medication were to be stopped. Nevertheless 40% considered stopping benzodiazepines. Results from the above studies are discussed in relation to clinical management of GAD, and current concerns about benzodiazepine dependence and withdrawal.
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Piercy, Julie A. "The effect of information provision on trauma symptoms /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2005. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe18544.pdf.
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Leung, Sum-po May. "The effect of psychosocial factors on the anxiety level of infertile women." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2002. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B29759018.
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Chan, Wai-lun Leon, and 陳煒倫. "Short-term effect of high or low complex carbohydrate breakfast on mood states." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2005. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B45009922.
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Chiu, Wing-sze Ivy, and 趙詠詩. "Effect of music on anxiety management during dental procedures." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2010. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B45171695.
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Cho, Wan-chi Valda, and 曹韻芝. "The sex-related effect on copings to negative affect." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2013. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B50899594.
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Rumination is generally defined as a repetition of a theme in thoughts. Rumination has been consistently associated with psychopathologies. Among these psychopathologies, the relationship between depression and rumination is likely the most widely researched. Rumination was found able to predict onset of depression and duration of depressive symptoms. Rumination was also suggested to be a maladaptive coping to stress and distress, which enhance avoidant coping strategies and then further increase depression. Hence, understanding the neural basis of rumination would shed important insight into the mechanisms underpinning the regulation and dysregulation of emotion that would guide the development of cost-effective interventions.
Study One was conducted to understand the sex-related differences in the rumination subtypes’ relationships with negative affect and avoidance. Thirty-six healthy participants (23 females, 13 males) were recruited in the community. We found a positive association between brooding and negative affect in both males and females. We also found, as hypothesized, a positive association between brooding and avoidance, and a negative association between reflective pondering and depression in females. A negative association between reflective pondering and avoidance was also found in males. However, reflective pondering was found to be positively associated with depression in males in this study. The findings suggest a gender difference in their emotional regulation.
The brain structural correlation with this sex-related behavioral data was investigated through a voxel-based morphometry study. The sex-related difference of rumination subtypes and their relationship with negative affect, avoidance and brain volumes were explored. We found males having a larger gray matter volume over left anterior cingulate than females, and gray matter volume of this region was found to be associated with brooding in the literature. A significant interaction effect of gender and brooding was found over gray matter volume of left lateral parietal, while a significant interaction effect of gender and reflective pondering was found over gray matter volume of the several frontal regions. Consistent with the behavioral study findings, the left inferior temporal, left postcentral and right anterior cingulate were found to be associated with the significant associations between rumination and negative affect found in Study One. We also found the left inferior temporal and right precentral positively associated with brooding and behavioral-nonsocial avoidance in females. This was also found to be consistent with results from Study One.
In this study, the sex-related differences among rumination, negative affect and avoidant coping strategies were found to be correlated to the regional gray matter volumes. These findings do not only help us better understand the neural associates behind the sex-related behavioral differences often discussed and found in previous studies, they also give us further information and direction on the management plans of the emotional and avoidance problems associated with rumination.published_or_final_version
Psychology
Doctoral
Doctor of Philosophy
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Lau, Siu-fung, and 劉兆鋒. "The effect of rumination state on working memory." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/209558.
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Rumination is known as compulsive and recurrent self-focused thoughts concerning symptoms, causes and consequences of personal distress. Previous research suggested that the habitual use of rumination in daily life, especially among depressed patients, was related to working memory impairment. Here we examined how induced rumination affects the functioning of working memory. In our experiment, participants were randomly assigned to go through either rumination or distraction induction procedures. Then, they were assessed by a computer task in which they were asked to sort three words in either forward or backward order. The three words were either of negative or neutral valence. Accuracy and response latency were recorded to estimate the functioning of their working memory.
To examine the pure impact of state rumination on working memory, we recruited participants from healthy population in experiment 1. Recruiting non-depressed people helps isolate rumination from Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) so that the effect of rumination state can be explored in the absence of the mood problems and cognitive deficits related to MDD. The relationship between trait rumination and working memory performance among non‐depressed people was also reviewed. It was found that participants’ accuracy in sorting negative words was lower than neutral words in forward sorting trials after rumination induction. This performance pattern was not observed in distraction group, implicating that rumination caused an increased difficulty for non‐depressed people to encode negative information when they were ruminating.
In experiment 2, we aimed at investigating the working memory performance when depressed patients were ruminating.
Depressed patients and matched healthy control were recruited to go through the same experimental procedures as in experiment 1. An elevated accuracy for negative words and an improved performance, in terms of higher accuracy and lower response latency, for forward sorting trials after rumination induction were observed. The finding suggested that state rumination caused depressed patients’ working memory to be more prepared to encode information, especially negative one.
The results demonstrated that the impact of rumination state on working memory is consistent with the principle of cognitive congruency. Information that is congruent with the self‐related representation tends to have preferential access to the working memory. Implication of our findings on MDD would be discussed in the light of the observed influence of rumination on working memory functioning.published_or_final_version
Clinical Psychology
Master
Master of Social Sciences
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Lamb, Isobel. "The effect of provision of information on psychological outcome following subarachnoid haemorrhage." Thesis, Bangor University, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.318562.
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Yesufu, Lawal. "The effect of human resource practices on the psychological contract of academics." Thesis, University of Bath, 2016. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.707593.
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The psychological contract provides a framework for understanding the relationship between employees and employers. The objective of the research was to determine the type of psychological contract developed by higher education academics. In addition, the research objective was to examine the effect of employees’ perception of the human resource practices of their employers on their psychological contract. There have been a number of conceptual and empirical studies on the psychological contract of employees and its relationships to other organisational variables such as human resource practices. However, there has been minimal research on the psychological contracts of academics in higher education and the effect of human resource practices on their psychological contracts. The research was based on a cross-sectional survey that comprised the Psychological Contract Inventory (Rousseau, 2000), the Human Resource Practice Scale (Geringer et al., 2002), and questions on the demographic and job characteristics of academics as employees in the higher education sector in Canada. The research involved 405 academics from Canadian higher education institutions. The response rate was 70%. The research found that employees’ perception of the recruitment and selection, training and development and compensation and benefits HR practices had significant and positive effects on the relational and balanced psychological contracts of academics, thereby building commitment, loyalty and the desire for professional and career development. The training and development HR practices were found to have the strongest positive effect on the relational and balanced types of psychological contracts. The research indicated that the psychological contract theory should be researched using newer and a combination of approaches. The research made several theoretical and practical contributions to the psychological contract theory and human resource management in the higher education sector.
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Butcher, Geraldine Jamieson Clarke. "The effect of lifestyle during pregnancy on perinatal physical and psychological wellbeing." Thesis, University of the West of Scotland, 2017. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.735853.
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Didriksen, Nancy A. (Nancy Andrews). "Psychological Stress: Effect on Humoral Immune Functioning as Measured by Immunoglobulin Levels." Thesis, North Texas State University, 1986. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc331278/.
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The purpose of the present study was to determine if psychological stress, defined as academic examination stress, would systematically produce changes in immune parameters (immunoglobulin concentration) and psychological functioning. It was hypothesized that as examination stress occurred there would be an effect on immunological function consistent with heightened psychological activity/stress. Subjects were 23 master's and doctoral students in psychology who volunteered for the research project. All subjects were administered a series of psychological tests to measure stress, personality factors, emotional states, and anxiety levels. All tests were administered and.blood samples drawn over a period of 15 months across two lowstress and two high-stress periods. Immunological tests included white blood cell (WBC) differential count and radial immunodiffusion (RID) for the determination of concentration of different immunoglobulin classes (IgA, IgG, IgM) in serum. Data were treated to a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with repeated measures, t /test for correlated samples correlational matrix between variables across assessments and discriminant function analysis. Results showed (1) increased immunoglobulin levels during periods of stress; (2) immunoglobulin G most consistently related to stress and probably most indicative of the stressed condition and biological resistance to stress; (3) anxiety related to external events; (4) increase in anxiety under stress; and (5) anxiety inversely correlated with emotional stability and coping skills while positively related to tension, increased number of somatic complaints, and obsessive-compulsive trends. Firm support was provided for the hypothesis that as stress occurred, there would be consistent changes in immunological functioning associated with heightened psychological activity/stress. It was concluded that a response pattern to stress was adaptive along both psychological- and immunological dimensions and that the concept of bodymind interaction was the most realistic approach to understanding the total response patterns.
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Bukalo, Leila. "The effect of post-incident discussion on psychological wellbeing and memory integrity." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/13605.
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As a consequence of their work, emergency service personnel, such as fire-fighters, police officers and paramedics are frequently exposed to traumatic events. This can result in an elevated risk of developing Post Traumatic Stress Disorder. To date, studies have indicated that post-trauma early interventions, such as Critical Incident Stress Debriefing, offer no benefit to individuals in terms of recovery from trauma-type symptomatology, and may also have negative effects on an individuals’ memory for the event. The present analogue study aimed to investigate what aspects of currently used debriefing procedures may contribute to the negative effects on psychological adjustment and memory integrity observed in the literature. Specifically, the current study examined the effects of differently-focused discussions (emotion, fact, and non-event related) on psychological adjustment and memory integrity, and investigated whether the outcome of these discussions was influenced by the mode of administration (individual, group discussion format). Participants were 177 undergraduate students who viewed a video of a forensic autopsy. Psychological distress was found to decrease for all participants over time, with no significant differences in symptom recovery between conditions. Those who discussed factual information in a group setting incorporated more misinformation into memory; however, these participants reported the most confidence in the accuracy of their memories. Overall, these results suggest that, irrespective of the model of administration, post-trauma discussions in which emotional reactions or factual information are reviewed do not facilitate psychological adjustment compared to non-event related discussions. Furthermore, this study provides a greater understanding of the specific aspects of debriefing that may account for misinformation effects.
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Buys, Megan Jessie. "The Effect of Relational Mobility and Social Attractiveness on Psychological Well-Being." W&M ScholarWorks, 2017. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1516639663.
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Previous research has indicated that in cultures and social environments where individuals are presented with many opportunities to form new relationships (i.e., environments high in relational mobility), individuals tend to form relationships with others like themselves. This tendency can be caused by two different mechanisms: First, the tendency of people to form relationships with similar others may be caused by the similarity-attraction effect, whereby individuals prefer to interact with people like themselves. High relational mobility therefore increases opportunities for individuals to maximize their preference for similar others. However, increased similarity between relationship partners can also be caused by assortment effects, whereby people who possess desirable characteristics form relationships with other desirable individuals, leaving those with less desirable characteristics to form relationships with less desirable partners. This thesis examined how relational mobility might influence the well-being of individuals who may be considered less desirable to others. Two exploratory studies examined the relation between attributes associated with lower social attractiveness on psychological well being, and how this relation changed as a function of relational mobility. The first study examined the impact of relational mobility on depression among American undergraduates with higher or lower amounts of social skills, and the second study examined the well being of individuals as a function of their social skills and disability statues. Overall, the results of both studies suggest that individuals who possess characteristics associated with lower social attractiveness (having a disability, or having lower social skills) tended to have higher levels of psychological well being when they perceived relational mobility to be high.
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Rodriguez, Jose Luis. "INCLUSIVE LEADERSHIP AND EMPLOYEE ENGAGEMENT: THE MODERATING EFFECT OF PSYCHOLOGICAL DIVERSITY CLIMATE." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd/682.
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Leadership is a well-known complex phenomenon that focuses on important organizational, social and personal processes, where leadership is dependent on a process of social influence, which occurs between the leader and follower (Bolden, 2004). Therefore, leaders need to operate with a certain understanding of leadership and the environment in order to address the increasing pressures and demands that come with being a leader. However, leadership concepts too often focus on leader behaviors apart from their effects on followers; in contrast, Inclusive Leadership (IL) highlights the importance of leadership as a social construction process between the leader and follower. The present study first examines the association of IL and employee engagement (EE), and second, the moderating effect of Psychological Diversity Climate (PDC) on the association between IL and EE. Specifically, context that related to leader characteristics and employee behavior was furthered explored to help shape an understanding on how contextual factors affect the relationship. First, a bivariate correlation revealed that IL was shown to be significantly and positively related to EE. Second, a regression analysis using Andrew Hayes’ PROCESS tool on SPSS was used to examine the moderation, which found that PDC did not significantly moderate the relationship between IL and EE. Additional analyses were further explored to address the insignificant findings for the purpose of explaining if one of IL’s sub-dimensions significantly affected the moderation analysis. Similar, to hypothesis testing, no significant results were found. The results suggest that immediate supervisors play a critical role in enhancing EE; however, no additive effect occurs when a PDC is incorporated. Implications and recommendations for future research are discussed. Data consisted of 221 adult men and women working a minimum of 12 months and 20 or more hours a week to support our model.
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Barker, Kenneth C. "Sexual Harassment Experience, Psychological Climate, and Sex Effect on Perception of Safety." ScholarWorks, 2017. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/3276.
Full textAbstract:
Sexual harassment has significant adverse psychological and physical effects on employees and can negatively impact the workplace, and overall business operations. A gap in current research was identified concerning whether the employee's sex affects employee's perceived workplace sexual harassment climate, sexual harassment experience, and perceived safety from sexual harassment. This study examined the effects of employee workplace sexual harassment experience and perception of workplace sexual harassment psychological climate on employee's perceived safety from sexual harassment moderated by sex. Results showed that perceived workplace sexual harassment climate and employee workplace sexual harassment experience were both significant predictors of perceived safety from sexual harassment. Additionally, the findings revealed that for both men and women, high intolerance for sexual harassment and low employee sexual harassment experience were significantly associated with increased perceived safety from sexual harassment. When perceived workplace sexual harassment climate and employee sexual harassment experience were observed together, only perceived workplace sexual harassment climate was associated with increased perceived safety from sexual harassment. Further research into diverse populations and anti-harassment programming's impact on perceived safety may provide further insights. The findings from this study could assist decision-makers in organizations to promote better physical, psychological, and emotional security in the workplace. Therefore, reducing sexual harassment in the workplace would promote positive social change by reducing the number of adverse events affecting individuals, businesses, and society.
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Garcia, Estela. "The Effect of Acculturative in the Psychological Adjustment of Immigrant Hispanic Parents." ScholarWorks, 2016. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/3245.
Full textAbstract:
Hispanic immigrant parents are a growing yet understudied population. Few studies have addressed the relationship between Hispanic immigrant parents and the acculturation process. The purpose of this study was to determine how acculturative stress, racism, language proficiency, poor coping style, and low levels of social support affect the psychological adjustment of Hispanic immigrant parents. Using the framework of acculturation theory, this quantitative study examined 92 immigrant Hispanic parents from an urban northeast school in the United States. Several established instruments that measured racism, coping style, language proficiency, social support, and psychological distress were used. The results of the multiple regression analysis showed that as Spanish competencies pressure increased, depressive symptoms increased. In addition, as interpersonal support increased, depressive symptoms decreased. Contrary to recent literature, racism, coping style, and language proficiency were not predictive of psychological distress. This study contributes to positive social change by understanding how Spanish competencies pressure can cause psychological distress, thereby giving therapists the sapience to better treat this population with effective therapies such as social support, and thus improving the quality of life of this population.
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Mpezeni, Stella. "Community experiences of persons with lower extremity amputation in Malawi." University of the Western Cape, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/7034.
Full textAbstract:
Magister Scientiae (Physiotherapy) - MSc(Physio)Persons with lower limb amputations (LLA) experience different challenges in the community. These challenges include the physical, psychological and social function of an individual. Little is known in Malawi on what persons with lower limb amputations go through in the communities where they live. Therefore, the study aimed at exploring and determining community experiences of persons with LLA in Malawi. The study sought to address the following objectives: 1) To determine the functional and psychological status of persons with LLA in the community; 2) To explore and describe experiences on social participation of persons with LLA in the community; 3). To explore experiences on community re-integration following LLA.
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Lauffer, Patricia Louise 1961. "THE EFFECT OF GENDER, GENDER ROLE, AND WEIGHT TRAINING ON SELF-CONCEPT AND BODY CATHEXIS." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/276469.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of this study was to examine the self-concepts and body cathexis of both males and females engaged in an eleven week weight training course and to examine if differences in gender role would influence the relationship of strength to self-concept and body cathexis. Each group (weight trainers versus controls) was administered the Tennessee Self Concept Scale, Bem Sex-Role Inventory, Eysenck Personality Inventory, and the Body Cathexis Scale. Strength measures were obtained. Group by gender ANOVA and ANCOVA examined differences between and among the groups and genders. Gender role by gender ANOVA and ANCOVA examined differences between and among the androgynous and masculine typed males and females. Multiple regression analyses were performed to examine the relationship of strength to body cathexis and self-concept. Results indicated pre- and post differences between and among the groups and genders and the genders and the gender roles.
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Smith, Scott E. (Scott Edward). "The psychological effects of diet induced lowered tryptophan in normal human males /." Thesis, McGill University, 1985. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=71991.
Full textAbstract:
Biochemical theories postulate that deficient serotonergic functioning may be etiologically related to affective illness and aggressive behavior. In Study I mood and aggressivity were measured in thirty-six normal male subjects before and after ingestion of a Tryptophan Depleted, Tryptophan Loaded or Balanced amino acid mixture. While no differences in aggressivity were found, the Tryptophan Depleted group scored significantly higher at posttest on the MAACL Depression Scale than the control groups and demonstrated selective attention for dysphoric themes. In Study II a Balanced or Tryptophan Depleted amino acid mixture was administered to eighty normal male subjects prior to placing them in either a positive or negative environment, with or without instructions concerning the potential amino acid effects. The tryptophan depleted group became significantly more depressed than the control group regardless of environmental condition or instructional set. These findings suggest that lowered tryptophan may result in a central serotonergic dysfunction which is causally related to depressive affect and possibly to the pathogenesis of clinical forms of depression.
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Lo, On-ting, and 羅安庭. "Chinese character recognition : studies of complexity effect on recognition efficiency, spatial frequency characteristics, crowding and expertise." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/197116.
Full textAbstract:
Chinese characters are used by about one-fifth of the world population. Each character can generally be analyzed and represented at three orthographic levels including single stroke, component and whole character. Regardless of the number of strokes a Chinese character has, it always occupies a square area. Such special spatial layout leads to a great variation in stroke density, i.e., visual complexity, among Chinese characters. Here in this thesis, the effects of visual complexity on Chinese character recognition were examined to investigate the visual processing of Chinese characters in both central and peripheral vision.
Empirical findings from four psychophysical studies will be reported. First, the efficiency of detecting and recognizing Chinese characters of different complexity levels was studied. Human recognition of a more complex Chinese character was found to be generally less efficient than that of a simpler one. The relationship between efficiency and complexity had a log-log slope of approximately -1, suggesting that the basic features for recognizing a single Chinese character might be less complex than the simplest object used, which is a single stroke. Analysis results of the detection and recognition efficiency were consistent with a two-stage processing model of Chinese character recognition—feature detection followed by feature integration. Results in peripheral vision suggested that the feature integration process was adversely influenced by internal crowding.
Second, the spatial frequency characteristics of recognizing Chinese characters of different complexity levels were examined. The results showed that the peak tuning frequency for recognizing a more complex Chinese character was higher and the bandwidth of the spatial tuning functions was narrower than for recognizing a simpler character. In addition, the effects of size on such spatial frequency characteristics depended on the complexity level. The comparison of human performance against the corresponding performance of a CSF-limited ideal observer model implied that the processing mechanism of recognizing simple and complex characters was different. Moreover, similar results were observed among native Chinese and non-Chinese readers, suggesting that expertise might not influence front end processing properties such as the spatial frequency characteristics of Chinese character recognition.
Third, the importance of utilizing spatial frequency information of different orientations (i.e., horizontal versus vertical) in Chinese character recognition was investigated. Results showed higher efficiency in utilizing vertical than horizontal stroke information for Chinese character recognition among native Chinese readers whereas non-Chinese readers used both vertical and horizontal stroke information similarly.
Fourth, the effects of the target-flanker similarity in complexity on crowding in Chinese character recognition were examined. The results suggested that the behavior of feature integration process in peripheral vision might be consistent with summation theory, which stresses on the relationship between the processing capacity of neurons and the processing demand of stimuli. The “excessive feature integration explanation” of crowding was also discussed in the context of the current findings.
Building on previous research in the literature, results from the four studies in this thesis were synthesized in a proposal of a visual information processing model for Chinese character recognition.published_or_final_version
Psychology
Doctoral
Doctor of Philosophy
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Woodward, April. "Psychological stress and musculoskeletal pain : the moderating effect of childhood and adulthood trauma." Thesis, Keele University, 2015. http://eprints.keele.ac.uk/2315/.
Full textAbstract:
The aetiology of widespread musculoskeletal pain is complex. Psychological stress is a robust predictor of symptom onset and persistence but not everyone who experiences stress goes on to develop widespread pain. The aim of the studies presented in this thesis was to ascertain whether individuals with a history of trauma have an increased susceptibility to widespread pain when they experience psychological stress; to identify psychosocial mediators of the stress pain relationship, and ascertain whether these mediators differ, i.e. are moderated by, the experience of prior trauma and by sex. The trauma diathesis stress model of widespread pain, developed by the author, was assessed using structural equation modelling on data collected by two population-based prospective studies. In the General Practice Symptom Survey (GPSS), 1,443 adults aged 25–65 years provided data on the number of pain sites, psychological stress and childhood abuse. In the North Staffordshire Osteoarthritis Project (NorStOP), 6,678 adults aged 50–90 years provided data on the number of pain sites and psychological stress, whilst the occurrence of surgeries, fractures, RTAs and burns was obtained from their medical records. Higher levels of psychological stress were associated with a higher number of pain sites. The stress pain relationship was moderated by childhood abuse but not by adult physical trauma. The relationship between stress and pain was mediated by attachment style (GPSS) and by social support (NorStOP). This research explored the moderators (in whom) and mediators (how) of the stress pain relationship. Childhood abuse was identified as a susceptibility factor and adult attachment style and social support as the processes by which stress leads to pain. These findings have implications for both primary and secondary prevention; suggesting that a stratified treatment approach may be most appropriate.
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Webber, Simon. "Psychological Time: The effect of task complexity upon the human estimation of duration." The University of Waikato, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10289/2533.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis was designed to investigate the effect of task complexity upon how humans estimate duration. Previous task complexity research suggests that duration is overestimated with simple tasks and underestimated with complex tasks. One-hundred and forty-two first and second year university students participated. Twelve experiments were conducted, which required participants to complete computer generated jigsaw puzzles and periodically estimate how long they thought they had been doing the puzzle. In Experiment 1, participants were required to complete a jigsaw puzzle before making an estimate. In the remaining eleven experiments, estimates were made throughout the session whilst participants worked on the jigsaw puzzle. In the first four experiments, a task was complex if there were more puzzle pieces and simpler if there were fewer puzzle pieces. There were no significant results obtained from the first four experiments. Given the lack of effect from the first four experiments, the next two experiments partially replicated two task complexity studies to determine how task complexity can be used as an explanation for why estimations of duration differ. Again, there were no significant results obtained from these two experiments. The next four experiments tested whether people's estimates of duration were affected by the rate of reinforcement they receive (i.e., successfully moving a puzzle piece to a new location per unit time). In the first of these two experiments (7 and 8) there was no effect of the manipulation, which consisted of decreasing the distance which a puzzle piece could be moved on the screen, relative to the distance the computer mouse was moved and fixing the speed at which a puzzle piece could be moved. In Experiments 9 and 10, more discriminative stimuli were used to indicate to participants that a change in the reinforcement rate was occurring. There was a significant result in Experiment 9 in one condition but this effect was not replicated in Experiment 10. In Experiment 11, the reinforcement rate was reduced to zero and there was a significant effect on participants' estimates of duration. However, these results suggested a confound between whether the reinforcement rate or not being able to access the jigsaw puzzle was affecting estimates of duration. In Experiment 12, access to the jigsaw puzzle was limited, whilst simultaneously controlling the reinforcement rate and the results showed that not having access to the jigsaw puzzle affected how participants estimate duration. These findings suggest that information can act as reinforcement, enabling a person to engage in private behaviour. When there is no access to reinforcement, time 'drags' for humans.
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CHOU, YU-CHU, and 周郁竹. "The effect of psychological warmth on the choice psychological warmth." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/51064429400804717933.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立中央大學
企業管理學系
103
The impact of Sensory stimulation on consumers is not only their feelings but their psychological warmth. Mental condition can be represented by psychological warmth. Psychological warmth indirectly makes an impact on decision-making and behavior patterns of consumers. In this study, we design three experiments: visual stimulation, auditory stimulation and taste stimulation. We take them as sensory stimulation variables of manipulating consumers’ psychological warmth and investigate whether consumers’ psychological warmth will change due to different types of sensory stimulations. Besides, we study on consumer choices of the type of volunteers (high social interaction / low social interaction), the type of food (healthy food / unhealthy food), the dressing style (casual / regular) and the gift type (Hedonic / Utilitarian).The results show that: 1.people’s psychological warmth will be influenced by the sensory stimulation. 2.Comparing the warmth stimulation with the cold one, the warmth stimulation has higher psychological warmth. 3.When people’ psychological warmth is high, they tend to choose participating in volunteer community activity with high social interaction, on the contrary participating in volunteer activity with low social interaction. 4.When people’ psychological warmth is high, they tend to choose healthy food on the contrary choose type of unhealthy food. 5.When people’ psychological warmth is high, they tend to choose the utilitarian type of gifts on the contrary choose the hedonic type of gifts. 6.When people’ psychological warmth is high, they tend to to choose regular style of dressing on the contrary choose causal style of dressing in the taste experiment.
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Chung, Hsiao-Kang, and 鐘小鋼. "The Relativity between Workplace Spirituality and Psychological Ownership：The Mediating Effect of Psychological Capital." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/67263617232703822147.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國防大學管理學院
運籌管理學系
98
The study had two objectives: to assess the effect of perception of Workplace Spirituality on Psychological Ownership and to test the mediating effect of Psychological Capital on the relationship between Workplace Spirituality and Psychological Ownership. The data was collected from 470 employees of manufacturing, banking and high-tech industry in Taiwan. After establishing the psychometric properties of the scales, hypotheses were tested through statistical analysis of the data. Proposed mediation hypotheses were tested using Baron and Kenny’s recommendations. Results indicated that Workplace Spirituality is positively related to Psychological Ownership. Further, Psychological Capital partially mediated the relationship between Workplace Spirituality and Psychological Ownership. Implications for theory and practice are discussed.
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Chu, Hsiu-Hsien, and 朱修賢. "The Psychological Effect of Augmented Product to Purchasing Behavior." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/77058979614530464048.
Full textAbstract:
碩士淡江大學
管理科學學系碩士班
104
In recent years, the popularity of travelling abroad during summer or winter vacations is on the rise in Taiwan. The price of airplane tickets is a major concern for those who plan to do the trip. Therefore, airline companies often offer inexpensive air ticket to attract foreign bound travelers. One way to offer lower priced ticket is to take away some augmented services previously included in the ticket price. For example, services such as meals and check-in baggage are not provided free. Under this situation, how consumers choose between price and augmented services is a subject worth studying. Specifically, the research question for this thesis is: what is the relationship among pricing, augmented products, and purchase intention? Variables included in this study are whether augmented products are provided giving the price of a product, price perceptions, perceived monetary sacrifice, perceived value, and purchase intention. Findings are as follows： When augmented products are not included in a price, price perception is lower than the situation when augmented product are included in the price and that the price of augmented products is not particularly identified. It shows that consumers would feel the product is cheaper. Interesting enough though, when price perception is low, perceived value and purchase intention are also low. Comparing the situation when augmented products are included in a price with the situation when the total price is the same but the core product and augmented products are separately priced. If consumers pay the full price, i.e., obtaining core product and augmented products simultaneously, price perception is higher when augmented product is included in a price. It shows that consumers would feel the product is more expensive. Again, it is interesting to get the result that when price perception is high, perceived value and purchase intention are also high.
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McCabe, Delia. "The effect of psychological intervention on underachievement in adolescents." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/9093.
Full textAbstract:
M.A. (Clinical Psychology)This research was undertaken as a result of the researcher dealing with bright children who were not achieving in school. Many of these children seemed to be depressed and lacking in motivation, and the researcher was unable to find recent information directly related to these psychological variables and underachievement. A sample of children were selected from a group of children who had approached the researcher and a colleague for career guidance. Very few of the parents of the children in the sample approached were willing to allow their children to participate in this study, and as a result the study only comprises a small number of subjects. The subjects who did participate in the intervention completed questionnaires related to their motivation levels and their feelings of hopelessness and depression, as these traits were 'considered important in assessing why these children were not succeeding academically. The children then each spent an hour a week for six weeks with the researcher, discussing why they were not achieving at school. These meetings took place for six weeks. The results of this study indicate that the intervention did change some of the levels of motivation, hopelessness and depression for some of the children.
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Newlove, Therese A. "Methodological and psychological predictors of the white coat effect." Thesis, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/8431.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of the study was to examine psychological and methodological
factors which would predict the white coat effect (WCE). The WCE is defined as the
difference (mm Hg) between ambulatory and office measured blood pressure (BP). Sixty
three community volunteers participated in this study. Participants were divided into 3
Response style groups: (1) Office responders had ambulatory BP values which were
lower than office BP, (2) Non responders showed a minimal difference between office
and ambulatory BP, and (3) Home responders had significantly higher ambulatory BP
compared to office BP. Participants were asked to have a series of BP readings taken by
a physician, nurse and by themselves and participate in 24 hour ambulatory monitoring.
State and trait self-report psychological measures were completed.
Self measured BP was the most representative of ambulatory BP for the sample as
a whole, and in particular for the Home responders. State anxiety, previously dismissed
as mediating factor in the expression of the white coat effect, proved to discriminate
between the groups. Office responders had significantly higher levels of state anxiety,
directly related to BP measurements, compared to Home and Non responders.
Habituation to the experience of having BP measured by a physician, and habituation of
the anxiety prior to the BP measurement, was different among the three groups. Trait
psychological variables did not distinguish group membership. Self measured systolic
BP, state anxiety prior to self measured BP, habituation to physician measured BP and
the anxiety preceding it, were entered as predictors variables in a discriminant function
analyses. These variables were able to correctly classify group membership for 63% of
the sample.
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Yu, Wei-Yuan, and 余威遠. "Relationships among Authoritarian Leadership and Affective Commitment and Psychological Well-being： The Moderating Effect of Psychological Capital." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/2j2gub.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立中山大學
人力資源管理研究所
103
In Chinese enterprises, authoritarian leadership is in charge of a common leadership. It has been pointed out that the leadership of the competent authority will destroy affective commitment, and psychological well-being of employees. However, if divided the connotation of authoritarian leadership into Juan-Chiuan leadership and Shang-Yan leadership, for affective commitment, and psychological well-being of his subordinates is it still the same negative effect? In addition, under the psychological adjustment of capital, yet strict authoritarian leadership and whether leadership will continue to subordinate the emotional commitment and psychological well-being has the same impact? Therefore, this study to investigate the effect of the angle of subordinates leader style subordinates, and further assume that psychological capital has a regulatory role. This study adopted a questionnaire survey method for full-time workers in the survey in Taiwan, and finally get 386 valid questionnaires, the results showed that: 1. The competent autocratic leadership behavior have a significant negative impact on subordinates affective commitment, but the subordinates psychological well-being of no significant impact; 2. Shang-Yan competent leadership behavior have a significant positive impact on the psychological well-being and affective commitment of subordinates ; three psychological capital in the autocratic leadership and leadership is still strict, for emotion. commitment and a sense of the impact of psychological well-being can not be a regulatory role. For the findings, this study also suggest that the management implications and discuss in detail in the text.
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Tu, Yao-Fong, and 涂耀丰. "The study of psychological displacement writing paradigm on the effect of university students'' psychological flexibility." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/69530656039286501050.
Full textAbstract:
碩士淡江大學
教育心理與諮商研究所碩士班
103
The research discusses about how psychological displacement writing paradigm affects university students’ psychological flexibility, how this type of writing reflects their psychological flexibility through word choosing. In the research, what the corrleation between the use of relevant words in psychological flexibility and the state of psychological flexibility is. The data was collected from 45 university students and the duration was about six weeks. The participants use both psychological displacement writing paradigm and regular dairy writing in the process. The analysis data includes the acceptance and action questionnaire (AAQ-II), psychological flexibility self-rating scale, writing dairy and interview record. The results as follow: 1. The result of AAQ-II shows psychological displacement writing paradigm can help university students’ psychological flexibility. The difference has shown in few areas like connect with present moment, value, and self as context in their self-rating scale. 2. The influence of psychological displacement writing paradigm on their psychological flexibility has shown in the analysis of interview record. The results as follow: (1) The influence of connects with present moment: The participants repeatedly have to write the same topic, so they have to face their issues. For a long time, they keep having the same response to their issues but they cannot escape from reconnecting with the moment in the writing. (2) The influence of value: Once the participants step out from their self-center, it helps them to expend the view of themselves. Also, the repeating process of asking and answering questions tothemselves could help them to clarify their values. When they get emotional, it comforts them and assists them to become rational to see the causes. When they have too many thoughts in mind, they have hard time to make a decision. (3) The influence of self as context: During the process of dialectic, it brings them to see and to experiencethe different parts of themselves. People with broad-mindedabout themselves do not demonstrate any differences in this area. (4) The influence of committed action: The participants are lack of goals because they do not have their own values and it is difficult for them to make any decision. The limitation of the personalities could affect their committed actions as well. However, when they put the focus on themselves more than before, things change. They repeatedly think the same issue, so their plans will slowly become clearer. (5) The influence of acceptance: Due to the personalities, it is difficult to make changes. However, when they start to aware the negative experiences, they could find the positive meaning in those past experiences. Once their emotions are being accepted and cared, it makes them to feel secure. 3. After the different type of dairy writing and controlled two groups of diary writing process before and after, there is no significant difference in AAQ-II. 4. After the different type of dairy writing and controlled two groups of diary writing process before and after, there is difference in connect with present moment in their psychological flexibility self-rating scale. 5. The group of psychological displacement writing paradigm and the compared group has showed the difference in the area of acceptance like negative emotional words, sadness words and anxious words. 6. The participants who are in psychological displacement writing paradigmgroup get high scores in AAQ-II and they show the difference in the areas like positive emotional words and tentative words. These types of words have demonstrated the acceptance and self-openness in psychological flexibility. 7. The use of sadness words, causation words, insight words and question marks has a significant correlation with psychological flexibility
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SU, KUO-HSIEN, and 蘇國賢. "The Moderating Effect of Psychological Capital on the Relationship between Perceived Psychological Contract Breach and Job Involvement." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/4tntkh.
Full textAbstract:
碩士崑山科技大學
企業管理研究所
106
Face of fierce competition and rapid changes, companies are seeking to develop and survive, so they are pursuing the minimization of costs. At the same time, it also needs to consider the psychological needs of employees because employees are the most important assets in the organization and it’s the key to the success or failure of the organization. When employee perception psychological contract breach will cause staff to work out of burnout and investment, and then affect the job performance. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of psychological capital on the relationship between psychological contract breach and job involvement. Manufacture employees in Tainan, were selected as the research object, and convenience sampling was used to conduct surveys using paper questionnaires.Questionnaires were issued in early January 2018, a total of 408 were issued, and 336 valid questionnaires were collected at the end of February of the same year. The obtained data were analyzed and verified by statistical package software SPSS. The results of the study are as follows: 1. Psychological contract breach has a negative and significant impact on job involvement. 2. Psychological capital has a positive and significant impact on job involvement. 3. Psychological capital (optimism) has a significant regulatory effect to the relationship between the psychological contract breach and job involvement. According to the above research results.This study will propose academic and practical management implications, and provide suggestions for future research directions.
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Lindsay, Timothy Robert. "Effect of expected exercise duration on physiological and psychological variables." Thesis, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/2168.
Full textAbstract:
The consideration of the end-point of exercise (teleoanticipation) may influence fatigue development. This study examined the effect of expected exercise duration on physiological and psychological variables. 20 male cyclists participated in a graded maximal aerobic cycling test and two 20 minute cycling bouts. Participants expected to cycle for 20 minutes for the first bout (20 MIN), and for 40 minutes for the second (40 MIN) VO, was higher at 2 minutes and lower at 17 minutes in the 40 MIN condition. RPE was lower throughout the 40 MIN condition. Following initial analyses, participants were separated into intensity groups based on whether they exercised above RER=l.00 at any time during either cycling bout. RPE was lower for 40 MIN in the lower intensity group only. Results suggest that teleoanticipation alters both physiological and psychological variables via separate mechanisms that may be intensity-dependent.
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"Bicultural exposure effect and its psychological consequences in conflict resolution." 2013. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5884363.
Full textAbstract:
Kwok, Yan Yuen.Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2013.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 23-25).
Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web.
Abstracts also in Chinese.