Dissertations / Theses: 'Psychological distress'

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Prangnell, Simon. "Psychological distress following stroke." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.531938.

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Holt, Jackie. "Psychological distress amongst general practitioners /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2002. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe17113.pdf.

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Vitori, Tracey. "PSYCHOLOGICAL DISTRESS AND CARDIAC DISEASE." UKnowledge, 2016. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/nursing_etds/26.

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The purpose of this dissertation was to evaluate the association of psychological distress with cardiac disease, events, and mortality. Specific aims were to: 1) to evaluate the association between hostility level and recurrence of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and all-cause mortality in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD); 2) to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI) hostility and anxiety subscales in a group of incarcerated participants at high risk of cardiovascular disease; and 3) to evaluate the association of patient and caregiver psychological state with quality of life in both patient and caregiver, and postoperative complications after cardiac surgery. Specific aim one was addressed through a secondary analysis of data collected during the Patient Response to Myocardial Infarction following a Teaching Intervention Offered by Nurses trial to determine whether hostility was a predictor of ACS recurrence and mortality. Hostility was common after ACS and predicted all-cause mortality. Hostility did not predict recurrent ACS. Specific aim 2 was addressed in a secondary analysis of baseline data from a randomized controlled trial in male prisoners. Participants completed the BSI at baseline prior to the intervention. Internal consistency reliability was good for both subscales (Cronbach’s alpha - hostility 0.83, anxiety 0.81). Items from the two dimensions were analyzed together using exploratory factor analysis with varimax rotation. Two dimensions, anxiety and hostility, were identified. Construct validity was supported; those with high anxiety and hostility reported a greater number of days where their self-reported health was rated as fair or poor. Those prisoners with less perceived control had higher levels of anxiety and hostility. Specific aim 3 was addressed through a prospective, descriptive correlational study that measured patient and caregiver anxiety, hostility and depressive symptoms, at baseline to determine whether these predicted quality of life using a multilevel dyadic analysis; and to evaluate the association of baseline anxiety, hostility and depressive symptoms and quality of life with postoperative complications and mortality. Anxiety, hostility, and depressive symptoms were common in both cardiac patients and their caregiver. Psychological state influenced quality of life in both dyad members, but was not associated with complications.

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Brown, Susan M. "Shame & psychological distress in obesity." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2003. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/964/.

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The following research thesis discusses issues relevant to shame and psychological distress in women who are overweight or obese. The literature review summarises current knowledge regarding the relationship between binge eating and depression in obesity. Although largely based upon literature from the field of psychiatry, the review is intended to provide an overview for clinical psychologists. The literature is critically evaluated in terms of methodologies and theoretical approaches, and ideas for further research are suggested. In the final section, the clinical implications of the literature for clinical psychologists working with clients who are overweight and who binge eat are discussed. The brief paper explores the factor structure of an extended version of the "Experience of Shame Scale" (E. S. S. ) and the reliability of the extended scale in a community sample of women. Principal components analysis revealed that a three-factor solution was appropriate for this sample, demonstrating that the salient factors of shame in women are: - characterological shame, behavioural shame and bodily shame. To the author's knowledge, this is the first study to measure shame in a community sample of women. The main paper investigates shame and psychological distress in a community sample of women who are overweight or obese. The study compares four groups of women, categorized according to Body Mass Index. The results demonstrated that women who were severely obese experienced significantly higher levels of shame and psychological distress than all other groups. They received significantly higher scores on all four subscales of the E. S. S (characterological, behavioural, bodily and eating shame) and also had significantly lower self esteem. The reflective review discusses issues arising from the research which may be of benefit to other applied and professional psychologists. It is divided into five sections - personal reflections on the research process, ethical considerations, methodological issues, empowerment in research and the use of psychiatric terminology in this study.

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Simpson-Adkins, Graham. "Parents, adverse childhood experiences and psychological distress." Thesis, Lancaster University, 2016. http://eprints.lancs.ac.uk/82613/.

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International prevalence rates of both Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) and Mental Health Difficulties (MHD) are consistently high. Research has also repeatedly identified strong positive correlations between these two widespread public health issues, both of which demonstrate intergenerational continuity and broad negative health and social outcomes. Due to these intergenerational risks, this thesis attempts to contribute to the knowledge base regarding aspects of both ACEs and MHD, from a familial perspective. Chapter one synthesises qualitative literature regarding the way in which children of parents who experience MHD make sense of their parent’s MHD. The review analysed findings across 14 studies, which produced three overarching themes. Children’s understanding of their parent’s MHD seemingly operated within a biopsychosocial model. This conceptualisation had numerous effects on their life and impacted on their perception of mental health more generally. Clinical implications for services working with children, parents and families, alongside limitations and recommendations for future research are discussed. Chapter two presents a research paper that aimed to understand how parents experienced routine enquiry about their own ACEs. Thematic analysis produced three themes across eleven semi-structured interviews, from seven participants. The findings proposed a five-stage chronological model of ACE enquiry, which seemed to incorporate a process of post-disclosure behaviour change. However, results also raise important clinical issues associated with power dynamics. Theoretical contributions and clinical recommendations are presented in relation to trauma enquiry and disclosure literature. Finally, chapter three offers a summary of the research findings and reflections, presented as chapters that articulate key decision and learning points.

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Abou, Abbas Linda. "Obesity and Psychological Distress in Young Adults." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/222020.

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Background: Obesity has been identified as a global epidemic and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Although obesity has been widely recognized for its consequences on physical health, its psychological burden in the adult populations remains unclear. Objectives: Our purpose was to address the relationship between Obesity status and psychological health within the adult young population in the Middle East and particularly in Lebanon (first aim). In addition, we intended to develop and validate a screening tool for the assessment of psychological distress (PD) in the obese young adult populations (second aim). Methods: To achieve the first aim, three studies were conducted. The first study was a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies that investigate the association between obesity and depression among adult populations in Middle Eastern countries. The second study was a cross sectional that aimed to explore the relationship between obesity and PD among the Lebanese University Students. The third study was conducted to examine the effects of actual body weight and body image on PD using a convenient sample of obese Lebanese young adults. The second aim was accomplished by conducting a fourth study to develop and validate a measure of PD related to obesity using three different samples of obese young adults. Results: The systematic review identified eight observational studies from six countries of the Middle East. Meta-analysis showed a significant positive association between obesity and depression (OR 1.27; 95% CI 1.11–1.44) particularly in women (Study1). Among the Lebanese university students, no evidence of a positive association was found between obesity and PD for both genders (Study 2). This result was confirmed in our third study in which body image dissatisfaction rather than obesity per se was associated with greater risk for PD. Finally, the “Obesity Specific Distress scale” (OSD) developed to measure distress in the obese young adult population demonstrated good psychometric properties regarding internal consistency, test-retest reliability, and construct validity (Study 4). Conclusions: Our meta-analysis suggests a positive association between obesity and depression among adult population in the Middle East which appeared to be more marked among women. This is of public health significance and provides a framework for establishing policy interventions to diagnose and treat depression in obese adults. In Lebanon, young obese adults who suffer from body image dissatisfaction are at increased risk of PD. Public health interventions targeting PD at the population level may need to promote healthy attitudes towards body weight, body shape and self-acceptance, regardless of weight status. Finally, the developed instrument used to assess young obese persons with high risk of PD can help promote a better understanding of the association between PD and obesity. This might improve the outcome and provide the patients with more efficient treatment.
Doctorat en Santé Publique
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

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Langford, Victoria. "Investigation of eating distress and psychological difficulties." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2010. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/36747/.

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This doctoral thesis examines the relationship between childhood sexual abuse, a proposed risk factor for eating disorders, and the development of eating disorders in women living within a highly specialised environment. The first chapter critically reviews recent literature examining the complex relationship between childhood sexual abuse and eating disorders. Psychological difficulties that are involved in this relationship are explored, methodological limitations and recommendations for future research are also discussed. In addition implications for clinical practice are considered. The second chapter is an empirical study exploring eating distress in women with Borderline Personality Disorder detained in a medium secure setting. The population was assessed using a number of standardised assessments and following this, women displaying signs of eating distress were interviewed to ascertain their in-depth views on food, eating behaviours and their opinion of the support and treatment available. The final chapter provides a reflective account of the author‟s experiences of carrying out sensitive research with women in secure services.

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Majestic, Catherine Murphy. "A motivational perspective on caregiver psychological distress." Thesis, The University of North Carolina at Greensboro, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10154662.

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For many people, providing care for a seriously ill family member is a major life event that may disrupt their life and personal goals. Research has demonstrated the experience of such events is often associated with increased symptoms of depression, stress, and anxiety. Although many researchers have examined factors that influence this relation, few have explored it from a motivational perspective. Therefore, the goal of the present study was to examine the influence of self-regulatory processes and motivational orientation on the relations between burden (caregiver and objective burden) and psychological distress (defined as the experience of symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress). Caregivers of adult family members diagnosed with cancer in the past three years were asked to complete a battery of questionnaires on psychological distress, caregiver burden, objective burden, goal adjustment and regulatory focus orientation. It was predicted that caregiver burden would partially mediate the relation between objective burden and caregiver psychological distress. Furthermore, based on the notion of regulatory fit, the strength of the relation between objective burden and caregiver burden would be greater for caregivers who tend to exhibit a weaker prevention focus than a stronger prevention focus. Lastly, it was hypothesized that the strength of the relation between caregiver burden and psychological distress would be greater for caregivers who report a greater inability to disengage from goals than caregivers who report a greater ability to disengage from goals. Results suggested that objective burden is associated with psychological distress through caregiver burden. Inconsistent with our hypotheses, promotion focus, instead of prevention focus, moderated the relation between objective burden and caregiver burden. Lastly, findings suggest that an ability to disengage from goals alleviates symptoms of anxiety and stress, and an ability to disengage from goals alleviates symptoms of anxiety and stress, and an ability to reengage in goals alleviates symptoms of depressed mood.

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Campbell, Katherine. "Psychological distress following stroke : a research portfolio." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/20960.

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Introduction: There is a growing literature base focusing on the correlates and predictors of psychological distress following stroke. However, there is still limited understanding regarding the physical, cognitive and psychosocial variables that may increase an individual’s vulnerability to experiencing post stroke psychological distress. This thesis had two aims: 1) to review the evidence relating to functional impairment and depression post stroke, in order to identify any differences in this relationship at different stages of recovery, or over time, and 2) to explore whether perceived social support and perceived control moderate the relationship between cognitive impairment and psychological distress following stroke. Methods: A systematic review of the literature was conducted to investigate any potential differences in the relationship between functional impairment and depression post stroke. Quality criteria were applied to the included studies and the results were discussed in relation to these. A cross-sectional study was conducted to address the second aim of this portfolio. Participants completed three self-report questionnaires and a clinician administered measure. Statistical analysis was utilised to explore the relationships between cognitive impairment, perceived social support, perceived control and psychological distress following stroke. Results: The results of the systematic review were inconclusive. It was not possible to identify any definitive differences in the relationship between functional impairment and depression post stroke, at different time points or with regard to change over time. With regard to the cross-sectional study, none of the independent variables (cognitive impairment, perceived social support and perceived control) were found to be significantly related to psychological distress following stroke. Conclusions: The results of the systematic review highlight the need for methodologically robust, longitudinal studies to investigate differences in the relationship between functional impairment and depression during different stages of recovery and potential change over time in this relationship. Further research into the cognitive and psychosocial correlates and predictors of psychological distress are required in order to identify, and provide timely intervention to, those that are most likely to experience psychological distress following stroke.

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Gallagher, Mary. "Multiple Identities, Self-Concept, and Psychological Distress." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1342043745.

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Whitehead-Laboo, Cynthia A. "Perceptions of the family and psychological distress /." The Ohio State University, 1991. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487693923197407.

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Ebert, Jon S. "Questioning psychological distress in religiously mediated change." Online full text .pdf document, available to Fuller patrons only, 2003. http://www.tren.com.

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Luckow, Debra. "Parenting practices and psychological distress in adolescents." [Montréal] : Université de Montréal, 2002. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/umontreal/fullcit?pNQ75898.

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Thèse (Ph. D.)--Université de Montréal, 2002.
"NQ-75898." "Thèse présentée à la faculté des études supérieures en vue de l'obtention du grade de Ph. D. en psychologie - recherche et intervention." Version électronique également disponible sur Internet.

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Aina, Olumayowa. "Clinical psychologists' personal experiences of psychological distress." Thesis, University of East London, 2015. http://roar.uel.ac.uk/4547/.

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Clinical psychologists do not appear to be willing to talk about their own experiences of distress. This may be due to the scientist practitioner model that has dominated the profession for some time. Recently, there appears to be a shift towards a reflective practitioner model with a growing interest in personal and professional development which may provide a cultural shift. It is clear from the literature that psychologists’ own experiences of distress prior to training, influence their decision to pursue therapeutic careers. In addition to this, there is evidence that suggests that the life experiences of psychologists influences the theoretical orientations that they use in practice. The present study aims to address the gaps in the literature by exploring the influence of distressing experiences that occur before training and how these experiences influence the decision to train as a clinical psychologist. Furthermore, the present study aims to explore how experiences of distress influence the development of a clinical psychologist’s preferred theoretical orientation. Eight participants‘ accounts were analysed by using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis. The following four themes were identified; how experiences of distress influence the career pathway to clinical psychology, being a professional who has experiential knowledge of distress, how personal experiences of distress influence how clinical psychologists relate to clients and how distress influences the way change processes are understood. Participants acknowledged the influence of experiential distress on career choice and on theoretical orientation, however this was one of many influences that were considered to be important. The findings have both clinical and research implications which are discussed.

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Wilkins, Victoria Marie Nezu Arthur M. "Religion, spirituality, and psychological distress in cardiovascular disease /." Philadelphia, Pa. : Drexel University, 2005. http://dspace.library.drexel.edu/handle/1860/522.

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Theed, Rachael. "Psychological distress in the context of Huntington's disease." Thesis, Lancaster University, 2016. http://eprints.lancs.ac.uk/81403/.

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This thesis is comprised of a scoping literature review, a research paper and critical appraisal which focus on psychological distress and psychological therapy in the context of Huntington’s disease (HD). The literature review is a scoping review of 29 papers looking at different aspects of irritability in the context of HD. The review examines the validity of irritability as a meaningful construct in HD. Clinical and theoretical implications as well as suggestions for further research are also discussed. The research paper investigates understandings of psychological distress in HD from the perspective of people with HD as well as seeking to understand people’s perspectives of psychological therapy. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with nine participants, prior to commencing a trial of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) and the data subsequently analysed using interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA). Three themes emerged from the data: (1) Attributing psychological distress to HD: “you’re blaming everything on that now”; (2) Attribution across time: “in the past you’d just get on with it”; (3) Therapy instils hope and fight: “a light at the end of the tunnel”. The results are then discussed in terms of implications for the potential for psychological services to be available to people with HD alongside the need for further research into the acceptability of psychological approaches in the context of HD. The research paper highlights a predominant biological understanding of psychological distress with a more implicit psychological understanding presented, and a hope for psychological therapy to enable people to regain control over their experience. Finally, the critical appraisal reflects on some of the process issues encountered during the research including the impact of attending the MBCT group on the data analysis and barriers to recruitment.

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Kantor, Debra P. "Factors Influencing Psychological Distress in Patients with Cancer." Thesis, Adelphi University, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3571079.

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Over 40% of Americans are at risk for developing cancer during their lifetime. Technological advances have resulted in improved survival rates. The uncertainty associated with the diagnosis of cancer may give rise to psychological distress. Psychological distress is a multifaceted, complex concept that has shown to interfere with the patient's quality of life, treatment regimens, and treatment outcomes. The purpose of this study was to explore the factors that influence psychological distress in patients with cancer. Influencing factors of psychological distress include medical treatments, personal concerns, family relationships, social support, spirituality, uncertainty and professional support. The theoretical framework that guided this study was derived from the Theory of Uncertainty, Chaos Theory, and review of the literature. The sample consisted of 150 patients diagnosed with non-metastatic cancer living in the suburbs of a major Northeastern United States city. Data was collected using three instruments that measured the degree of psychological distress and the influencing factors: the Distress Thermometer, Mishel's Uncertainty Scale and the Distress Inventory for Cancer-Version 2. The results of this study revealed that significant relationships exist between psychological distress and personal concerns, finances, and uncertainty. In this study the influencing factor of personal concerns was shown to mediate the other factors. Studies have shown that nurses do not routinely screen for psychological distress. Nurses involved in the care of oncology patients can utilize the results of this study to recognize the impact of cancer beyond the clinical manifestations. In addition, nurses can use the results to develop a collaborative plan of care to address the psychological distress that patients with cancer may be experiencing.

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Taylor, C. "Gender, work and psychological distress in hospital consultants." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2012. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1364661/.

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Background Hospital consultants, of whom an increasing number are women, have a high prevalence of psychological distress and work is an important aetiological factor. There is a need for effective interventions to reduce occupational stress but theory and evidence examining the relationship between gender, work and psychological distress are sparse. Aims To describe the relationship between gender, work and psychological distress in hospital consultants and to explore consultants’ views on occupational stress interventions. Methods A mixed methods sequential design was employed, informed by a narrative review of theoretical and empirical evidence regarding gender, work and mental health. Three consecutive studies using primary and secondary data from UK male and female hospital consultants were conducted: 1. Quantitative secondary analysis of national survey data from 1308 (19% female) consultants to investigate relationships between gender, job stress, job satisfaction and psychological distress. 2. Structured interviews with consultants sampled from the national survey (n=75) to explore gender differences in experience of work. 3. Semi-structured interviews with consultant surgeons and radiologists from two integrated NHS Trusts (n=22) to test the face validity of an explanatory model of gender, work and psychological distress and ascertain views on interventions. Results An explanatory model of the relationship between gender, work and psychological distress was developed. Underpinned by transactional stress theory and prominent occupational stress models this new model includes individual, work content and context, and work-home interface factors. The face validity of constructs was confirmed and the model refined through interviews with consultants in both male-dominated and gender-balanced specialty groups. The interventions they proposed were mostly aimed at primary prevention at an organisational level. Conclusions The model provides a framework for evaluating the likely effectiveness of current policy and practice; if further validated it could also inform the design of interventions aimed at improving consultants’ wellbeing.

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Whitehead, Rachel. "Psychological distress in women following early pregnancy loss." Thesis, University of Hull, 2010. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:3474.

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This portfolio thesis comprises of three main parts. Part one is a systematic literature review entitled, "Response to & Factors Associated with Coping in Early Pregnancy Loss – A systematic Review of the Literature." Part two of this portfolio presents an empirical paper based on the research project designed and carried out by the author. This is entitled, "An Exploration of Psychological Distress in Women Following Ectopic Pregnancy." The purpose of this study was to investigate levels of psychological distress within this client group and explore women's experiences of having had Ectopic pregnancy. Part three comprises of the appendices.

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Monroig, Marlaine Marie. "Associations between positive health behaviors and psychological distress." Honors in the Major Thesis, University of Central Florida, 2011. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETH/id/482.

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Research examining the relationship between psychological distress and health behaviors is limited, as most of these studies examine one type of psychological distress and relate it to one type of health behavior. To address this limitation, an exploratory study was conducted that included online self-report measures of a wide range of positive health behaviors (Health Behavior Checklist; HBC) and a wide range of different types of psychological distress (Brief Symptom Inventory; BSI). Participants were 762 undergraduate students from the University of Central Florida (55% female). Results revealed that the total BSI score showed statistically significant negative correlations with the HBC total score and all four HBC subscales. Thus, participants reporting more overall psychological distress reported that they engaged in fewer positive health behaviors, across all health behavior subtypes. Stepwise regressions that examined the nine BSI subscales and their relationship with the HBC total score revealed that the Hostility subscale of the BSI was the strongest and most consistent predictor of positive health behaviors (in a negative direction). Stepwise regressions also revealed additional relationships of the BSI subscales of Depression and Phobia to particular HBC subscales. The results of this exploratory study provide an initial model on the relationships of particular types of psychological distress that are related to particular types of health behaviors, which will inform future studies on this important topic area.
B.S.
Bachelors
Sciences
Psychology

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Messer, Katelynn. "Psychological distress and substance use among college students." Honors in the Major Thesis, University of Central Florida, 2013. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETH/id/880.

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Research indicates that young adults have relatively high rates of psychological distress and substance use. Research also suggests that psychological distress and substance use are correlated as individuals may turn to substance use as a coping mechanism for psychological distress. The goal of the current research is to examine the relationship between psychological distress and substance use among college students. A secondary question is to determine if the relationship between psychological distress and substance use is different for men and women. College students are a good sample for this research question for a number of reasons. First, more young adults are enrolled in college today than ever, with about 70% of high school graduates in 2011 enrolling in college the following fall. Second, research indicates that the prevalence of substance use is relatively high among college students and that young adults enrolled in college are at increased risk for certain types of substance use compared to their same age peers who do not attend college. Third, research indicates that college students are at greater risk for psychological distress compared to their same age peers who do not attend college. This may be due to the fact that college students are exposed to unique stressors that are likely to increase risk for psychological distress. The current research uses data from a sample of college students to examine the relationship between psychological distress and substance use. Several forms of substance use are included for the dependent variable. First, a measure of binge drinking is used based on the Harvard School of Public Health College Alcohol Study to measure binge drinking. Second, a measure of marijuana use is included. Third, a measure of prescription drug misuse is included based on the National Survey on Drug Use and Health. All substance use measures are coded 0 = No and 1 = Yes.; The independent variable of interest is psychological distress, measured with Kessler's Psychological Distress Scale (K10). We also measure respondent's sociodemographic characteristics (e.g., age, gender, race/ethnicity) and correlates of substance use (e.g., Greek affiliation, peer substance use, and grades) to include as controls in our analysis. A positive correlation is expected between psychological distress and substance use, as respondents with higher levels of psychological distress will be more likely to report binge drinking, marijuana use, and prescription drug misuse. In addition, it is expected that the relationship between psychological distress and all forms of substance use is moderated by gender. The relationship between psychological distress and substance use is expected to be stronger for females. To test research hypotheses several logistic regression models are estimated.
B.A.
Bachelors
Sciences
Sociology

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Griffiths, Catherine. "Terminal cancer patients' concerns : implications for psychological distress." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.368634.

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Robjant, Katy. "Psychological distress of asylum seekers in immigration detention." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2007. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/964/.

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Vila, Leighton Kenji. "The Immigration Paradox: Exploring Filipino American Psychological Distress." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/77016.

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The immigrant paradox is the empirical trend that immigrants have better mental health than second and subsequent generations. Mossakowski (2007) found that Filipinos follow this trend, and using the same data this study builds upon the previous research by examining the relationship between cultural (ethnic identification, native language) and structural (nativity, age at immigration, and poverty in city of birth) variables. The results indicate that cultural variables are important in understanding psychological distress among Filipino Americans. Relative deprivation was not associated with psychological distress, and the effect of selective migration is explained away when language and ethnic identification are controlled. Use of native language benefits U.S. born and adult immigrant Filipinos, but is damaging to child immigrants with low ethnic identification. Suggestions for future research are discussed.
Master of Science

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Belisle, Roger H. "Student Psychological Distress in a Career Exploration Course." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2005. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd965.pdf.

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Khiami, Rasha. "Relationships between perfectionism, perseverative negative thinking and psychological distress." Thesis, Lancaster University, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.443523.

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Pham, Quynh Chi. "Factors associated with psychological distress among older Vietnamese adults." Thesis, California State University, Long Beach, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1585645.

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The purpose of this thesis was to examine the factors associated with psychological distress among older Vietnamese adults. Utilizing information from secondary data called the California Health Interview Surveys (CHIS), a quantitative research method was completed for this study. The study explored levels of psychological distress with several factors including demographic characteristics, language use and proficiencies of patients, patients' understanding of rights to request for an interpreter during doctor visits, number of visits to doctors' offices, language used by doctors during consultation (English, Vietnamese, or other), and lastly, quality of interaction with doctors.

The result of this study indicated significant relationships among several factors and the level of psychological distress among older Vietnamese adults. These factors, include: demographics, patients' understanding of rights to an interpreter, number of doctor visits, language used by doctors during consultation, and doctor-patient communication.

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Nicholson, Amanda Claire. "Psychological distress as a predictor of coronary heart disease." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.406151.

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Jackson, Cerian. "Emotional distress in people with TBI : exploring psychological processes." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2018. http://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/3028494/.

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Duggal, Niharika Arora. "Synergistic effects of physical and psychological distress on immunesenescence." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2014. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/5001/.

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Ageing is accompanied by impairments in immune responses. In this thesis, an age associated numerical and functional deficit in a novel subset of immunosuppressive CD19\(^+\)\(^v\)\(^e\) CD24\(^h\)\(^i\) CD38\(^h\)\(^i\) B cells is reported which might be an additional factor contributing towards increased risk of systemic autoimmunity with advancing age. The immune system is profoundly affected by environmental factors such as stress. This thesis also examined the synergistic effect of the physical stress of a hip fracture and the psychological stress of depressive symptoms on immune function of older adults. It was observed that 37% of our hip fracture patients had developed depressive symptoms 6 weeks post-surgery. A significant decline in neutrophil, monocyte and NK cell functioning was reported in hip fracture patients with depressive symptoms, but not in those with hip fracture alone. Additionally, an increased cortisol: DHEAS ratio was also only found in hip fracture patients with depressive symptoms. An elevated level of pro-inflammatory (IL6, TNFα) and anti-inflammatory (IL10) cytokines were observed in hip fracture patients with depressive symptoms. In the adaptive immune system, a reduction in circulating T cells and an accumulation of senescent and activated T cells was also found in the hip fracture patients who developed depressive symptoms. Finally, the age associated numerical and functional deficit in IL10 production by CD19\(^+\)\(^v\)\(^e\) CD24\(^h\)\(^i\) CD38\(^h\)\(^i\) B cells was further suppressed on exposure to chronic stress in hip fracture patients with depressive symptoms.

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Godinez, Brenda. "Psychological distress, externalizing and internalizing behaviors among Latino adolescents." Thesis, California State University, Long Beach, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1603559.

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The purpose of this study was to examine psychological effects, including internalizing and externalizing behaviors, among Latino adolescents. Secondary data were utilized from the California Health Survey administered in 2011–2012. Internalizing behaviors include feelings of depression, hopelessness, nervousness, restlessness, worthlessness, and feeling that everything is an effort. Externalizing behaviors include drinking alcohol and smoking cigarettes. Findings in the study suggested a significant relationship between U.S. citizenship and internalizing and externalizing behaviors. Findings of this study also suggested significant relationships between external and internal behaviors. Additionally, the results showed significance in receiving psychological-emotional counseling.

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Biggam, Fiona Helen. "Correlates of psychological distress in penal and psychiatric populations." Thesis, University of Stirling, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/22857.

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This thesis is an investigation of social problem-solving skills, psychological distress, and supportive relationships among three distinct samples. The research groups comprise a) 25 depressed inpatients and a matched comparison group; b) 50 hospital admissions following an act of suicidal behaviour; and c) 5 sub-groups of incarcerated young offenders (inmates on Strict Suicidal Supervision, inmates on protection, victims of bullying, identified bullies, comparison group) with 25 inmates in each group. Data was collected by structured interviews, standardised psychometric measures of mood states (e.g. Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, Beck Hopelessness Scale), problem-solving ability (e.g. Means-Ends Problem-Solving Procedure) and supportive relationships (e.g. Significant Others Scale). Data were analysed by means of parametric statistical techniques (e.g. analyses of variance and multiple regression analyses). Eight cross-sectional studies are reported. Depressed patients demonstrated problem-solving difficulties, which were related to the level of psychological distress experienced. Clinically depressed patients were also found to differ from a comparison group in their autobiographical memory recall and concentration ability - both of which were related to their impoverished problem-solving ability. Deficits in problem-solving ability in the depressed patients were not an artefact of their verbal IQ. Regression analyses of the data relating to suicidal community inpatients illustrated that social support variables were the prime predictors of suicidal intent, depression and hopelessness. Social problem-solving variables also emerged as significant predictors of psychological distress, albeit to a lesser extent. Social support and problem-solving variables were also important moderator variables in the relationship between stress and suicidality. The studies conducted with young offenders illustrated a hierarchy of problem-solving deficits and psychological distress among the inmate groups. Problem-solving ability was not an artefact of verbal IQ. The value of using problem-solving interventions with vulnerable offenders is discussed. The importance of prison relationships in the experience of stress by inmates was also highlighted. Similarly, parental relationships were related to the levels of distress experienced while incarcerated. The results of each study are discussed in relation to the relevant literature, practical implications for clinical interventions with each group, and suggestions for future research. The findings of the thesis are discussed in relationship to transactional, stress-hopelessness-distress models of psychological illness and distress.

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Starnawski, Zoe. "Relationships, psychological distress and stigma : a counselling psychology perspective." Thesis, City University London, 2015. http://openaccess.city.ac.uk/14556/.

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Research indicates that premenstrual syndrome (PMS) can have a negative impact on various areas of life, including interpersonal relationships, productivity and emotional well-being. Existing research in the area of PMS is largely quantitative and has been conducted using a positivist framework; the few qualitative studies undertaken have examined women’s individual experiences of PMS. Further, studies highlighting the relational impact of PMS have largely focused on marriage quality and have employed quantitative methods. These studies have investigated relational experiences of PMS from an individual perspective, or have looked at non-heterosexual relationship contexts, including lesbian relationships. Little attention has been paid to examining in depth, the relational experiences of heterosexual couples who experience PMS. The current study, therefore, aims to provide insight into the lived experiences of PMS among heterosexual couples by taking a qualitative approach. Interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) was used to explore the experiences of seven couples (14 participants) who either identified themselves or their partner as suffering from PMS. Semi-structured joint interviews were undertaken, in which the experiences of couples living together with PMS were discussed. The interviews were analysed using IPA and three superordinate themes emerged from the data: (1) The “curse” of PMS; (2) Connection and disconnection: the importance of communication and intimacy; and (3) Beyond the couple: social influences on the relationship. These themes support the conceptualisation of PMS as an overwhelming emotional experience that leads to confusion and isolation within the couple. It can also be seen as creating difficulties in communication, empathy and intimacy, which are reinforced by the social norms and stigma surrounding PMS. The current study aims to give a detailed relational account of PMS, which can be argued is missing from the existing literature. A perceived limitation of this study is its reliance on the joint accounts of a small sample of self-selecting cohabitating heterosexual couples. This could lead to various other couple relationships being excluded from the study. Nevertheless, the importance of the current findings and the implications for future research are discussed and suggestions for the clinical practice of counselling psychology are highlighted.

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Kashubeck, Susan. "Adult children of alcoholics and psychological distress : a model /." The Ohio State University, 1989. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487668215808126.

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Thompson, Samuel. "Understanding the relationship between debt problems and psychological distress." Thesis, University of East London, 2015. http://roar.uel.ac.uk/4539/.

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The proportion of people in the UK experiencing problems repaying debt has increased in recent years. A growing body of evidence suggests that there may be a relationship between debt problems and clinically significant psychological distress. However, the causal direction of this relationship is unclear. Furthermore, it seems likely that psychological factors influence the relationship, such that how people make sense of their financial situation determines, at least in part, the extent to which they experience distress. The present study aims to develop a richer understanding of the relationship between debt and psychological distress from the perspective of those experiencing both difficulties. The study was part of the Debt Counselling for Depression in Primary Care trial (DeCoDer). Semi-structured interviews were conducted with eight adults recruited through GP practices in Liverpool. All identified as having debt problems and significant depressive symptoms. A thematic analysis was undertaken from a social materialist perspective, focusing on how participants’ experience of debt problems impacted on their lives. Two over-arching themes were identified, each consisting of three sub-themes. Living with debt day-to-day described experiences of constant worry, material hardship and feelings of shame. Cumulative psychological impacts described the longer-term consequences of debt problems, highlighting in particular how debt threatened participants’ sense of themselves as valuable and led to a perceived loss of agency in the face of difficulties. Results of the analysis are discussed in light of psychological research and recent arguments from anthropology and political philosophy. The findings suggest that psychological processes of rumination, social comparison and identity threat may be significant factors in causing distress amongst people with debt problems, in part because of a wider social milieu in which not being able to pay one’s debts is seen as a moral failing. Implications for clinical practice and future research are discussed.

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Matyja, Anna. "The impact of childhood physical and psychological abuse on emotion regulation and psychological distress /." Available to subscribers only, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1456295221&sid=4&Fmt=2&clientId=1509&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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Singh, Robyn. "Exploring psychological distress among a sample of pregnant women from a low income area who self-identify as being distressed." University of the Western Cape, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/6256.

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Magister Artium - MA (Psychology)
Psychological distress during pregnancy has been a fairly neglected phenomenon and has only recently started emerging as an area of research interest. The existing body of scholarship on distress during pregnancy has largely been conducted from a positivist paradigm, emphasising the identification, incidences and risks. There is thus a dearth of qualitative inquiry into pregnant women's experiences and accounts of distress. In an attempt to address these gaps within the literature, my study explored psychological distress among a group of pregnant women from socio-economically disadvantaged contexts. The specific objectives of my study was to explore how pregnant women conceptualised psychological distress within the context of pregnancy; the feelings or symptoms of psychological distress; what pregnant women perceived as its causes; and the psychosocial needs of pregnant women in relation to antenatal distress. This study was guided by a feminist approach and a feminist standpoint epistemology in particular. This lent itself to exploring the phenomenon while departing from a clinical, decontextualised position which translated into an investigation with pregnant women who subjectively perceived themselves to be distressed.

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Mabitsela, Esther Lefatane Lethabo. "Exploratory study of psychological distress as understood by Pentecostal pastors." Pretoria : [s.n.], 2003. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-02182003-082847.

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Li, Wing-ling, and 李穎玲. "Psychometric properties of the Chinese psychological resources questionnaire in people with emotional distress." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2012. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B50700285.

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Emotional distresses are common in Hong Kong adult population. Previous studies of positive psychology interventions which utilized a strength-based approach suggested its potentials for alleviation of depressive symptoms. However, existing strength assessments shown limits for offering prompt and useful feedback for the planning of positive psychology interventions. Therefore, the Chinese Psychological Resources Questionnaire (CPRQ) was developed as a quick and valid measure of strengths for the purpose. Psychometric properties of CPRQ were examined among 149 service users from 7 wellness centres of a local nongovernment organization. A series of exploratory factor analyses were conducted and resulted in a 12-item questionnaire with a 3-factor model: (1) Cautiousness (α=.79), (2) Interpersonal Strength (α=.71), and (3) Vitality (α=.81). This echoed the same 3-factor model presented by Duan et al. (2012). Concurrent validity was indicated by significant positive correlations with measurements of hope and gratitude and negative correlations with measurements of depression. The results were discussed in terms of implication for applying CPRQ and limitations of the present study.
published_or_final_version
Clinical Psychology
Master
Master of Social Sciences

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Rea, A. "Psychological needs, social support and estimates of psychological distress among unaccompanied refugee minors in Ireland." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.606316.

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Hawkins, Julie Ellen. "Parental Divorce, Psychological Distress and Academic Achievement of College Students." Scholarly Repository, 2008. http://scholarlyrepository.miami.edu/oa_dissertations/64.

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Parental divorce is a stressful process that has been associated with long-term developmental implications for the children involved. There have been mixed results from research regarding specific effects of parents' marital status on levels of psychological distress and academic achievement in late adolescence and early adulthood. Research using a clinical sample from a college counseling center was lacking altogether. The primary goal of this study was to establish if there are relationships between parents' marital status, students'degree of psychological distress and academic achievement within a clinical sample of college undergraduates. The secondary goal was to determine if student gender interacts with parents' marital status on measures of psychological distress and academic achievement. Participants included 324 undergraduate college students aged 17-24 years who received clinical services at a student counseling center of a private university in a large metropolitan area in the Southeastern United States. Primary analyses found no statistically significant differences for self-reported GPA and therapists' perception of psychological distress by parents' marital status (married, divorced or divorced/remarried). In addition, it was found that gender did not have a statistically significant interaction with parents' marital status on psychological distress or academic achievement. Student's residential status was found to significantly covary with psychological distress, suggesting that students who lived off campus were perceived as being significantly more distressed than students who lived on campus, independent of parents' marital status. Results of this study have implications for college counseling center personnel to obtain a thorough family history at intake and monitor changes in residential status throughout the course of treatment. Results of this study also have implications for university administrators and student affairs personnel to include researching, planning and implementing interventions and programming for commuter students, and possibly expanding on-campus housing.

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Quail, Jacqueline Mary. "Unmet needs and psychological distress in the community-dwelling elderly." Thesis, McGill University, 2009. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=32529.

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As people age, they are increasingly likely to develop health problems that can lead to an impaired ability to perform essential activities of daily living (ADL). This decrease in functional ability may then result in an increased need for physical assistance which, in turn, may not be met. There has been little research on unmet need in the elderly and its association with psychological distress. This research used data from the Montreal Unmet Needs Study, a prospective cohort study of 576 women and 263 men designed to investigate self-reported unmet need for community-based services among the Montreal elderly aged 75 and older. Information on psychological distress and unmet need was obtained by self-report during in-depth face-to-face interviews at baseline, and again twelve months later. Interview information was supplemented with data provided by RAMQ and MEDECHO government databases. Multivariable linear and logistic regression models were used to investigate the associations between unmet need and psychological distress, and to determine the conjoint effect of both these factors on emergency department (ED) visits within the six months following the baseline interview. All analyses were stratified by sex. For elderly women, unmet need at baseline predicated increased psychological distress one year later. Conversely, psychological distress was not found to predict the development of any unmet need one year later. Both unmet need in IADL and increased psychological distress at baseline were found to be independent predictors of an increased likelihood of elderly women visiting an ED. For elderly men, unmet need was not found to be associated with psychological di
À mesure qu'ils vieillissent, les gens ont de plus en plus tendance à développer des problèmes de santé susceptibles de causer une dégradation de leurs capacités à effectuer des activités essentielles de la vie quotidienne (Activities of Daily Living). Cette diminution des capacités fonctionnelles peut entraîner une augmentation des besoins d'aide physique, qui à leur tour, ne peuvent toujours être comblés pour autant. Peu de recherches ont été menées sur les besoins non comblés des personnes âgées et leur relation avec la détresse psychologique. La recherche s'est appuyée sur les données de l'étude prospective de cohorte Montreal Unmet Needs Study à laquelle ont participé 576 femmes et 263 hommes et dont l'objectif consistait à étudier les besoins non comblés auto-déclarés en matière de services communautaires chez les personnes âgées de 75 ans et plus à Montréal. Les renseignements relatifs à la détresse psychologique et aux besoins non comblés ont été obtenus par auto-évaluation pendant les entrevues personnelles initiales au temps zéro et celles qui ont eu lieu douze mois plus tard. Les renseignements obtenus pendant les entrevues ont été complétés par de l'information provenant des bases de données gouvernementales de la RAMQ et MEDECHO. Les chercheurs ont utilisé les modèles de régression linéaire multivariable et de régression logistique pour étudier les corrélations entre les besoins non comblés et la détresse psychologique et pour déterminer l'effet conjoint de ces deux facteurs sur les visites au service des urgences pendant les six mois suivant les entrevues au temps zéro. Toutes les analyses ont ét

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Curley, Maureen L. "Psychological distress after abortion among university students: Developing an intervention." Thesis, McGill University, 2011. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=96794.

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Background A gap exists within healthcare between identifying and treating adverse psychological outcomes to abortion. Meanwhile, 30% of women worldwide experience significant emotional distress after abortion. Specifically, younger women are at the highest risk for developing mental health problems after abortion. No empirical data for interventions to relieve psychological distress after abortion were found. Goal: This thesis provides a framework to identify and treat psychological distress after legal, induced, voluntary abortion. It proposes a first of a kind evidence-based and patient-centered intervention to relieve psychological distress after abortion among university students. The thesis proposes a theory and conceptual model to understand negative psychological responses to abortion. Population-specific evidence and preference for services support the theory. Methods The United Kingdom Medical Research Guidelines were used to develop the intervention. Two phases of the five-phase method were used. First, the Pre-Clinical Phase developed: (a) the theoretical and (b) evidential basis for target symptoms of the intervention. Next, using these results, the Modeling Phase established (c) the design, (d) patient preferences, and (e) feasibility for delivering the intervention. The thesis is formatted as three manuscripts. ResultsThe Pre-Clinical Phase applied psychological stress theory to guide the intervention. It also generated evidence from a cross sectional study of N=151 participants who identified target symptoms. Participants who preferred treatment for distress after abortion demonstrated severe psychological stress (Impact of Event Scores of >26) and moderate perinatal grief (Perinatal Grief scores > 60) focused on the pregnancy and abortion. The Modeling Phase designed the intervention based on patient preferences for a group treatment addressing unanticipated guilt, enhanced coping skills, and education of psychological distress reactions after abortion. Significance and Conclusions The thesis is a series of studies that were used to develop a targeted and acceptable intervention for university students who had an abortion, reported distress afterward, and preferred treatment to relieve it if such treatment was available. The thesis provides a mechanism within nursing to understand, identify, and treat psychological distress after abortion that is population-focused, and currently does not exist. The intervention can be tested for efficacy and replicated on larger samples. Effective interventions after abortion have the potential to reduce psychiatric morbidity and mortality after abortion within a university student population.
Découvert Il existe dans le domaine médical une lacune entre la science et la pratique pour comprendre, identifier et traiter les conséquences psychologiques après un avortement. En effet, 30% des femmes du monde qui ont choisi un avortement subissent des conséquences psychologiques significatives. C'est surtout évident parmi les jeunes femmes que l'on trouve les risques les plus élevés pour ces problèmes psychologiques. Les données empiriques pour les interventions qui adressent ce problème n'ont pas été découvertes. ObjectifCette thèse a comme but de fournir une base de connaissance et pratique pour traiter les problèmes psychologiques, qui existent après un avortement. L'intervention proposée, unique en son genre, est basée sur les éléments de preuves recueillis des étudiantes universitaires qui ont éprouvé des effets négatifs après un avortement et qui accepteraient un traitement pour leur désordre. Cette thèse propose une théorie et un modèle pour mieux comprendre les mauvais effets psychologiques après un avortement. L'évidence accumulée et les préférences des clients, concentres sur la population du groupe de contrôle, soutient la thèse.MéthodesThe United Kingdom Medical Research Guideline a fourni la méthode pour l'élaboration des interventions. Parmi les cinq phases proposés dans ce guide, les deux premiers ont été utilisés: la phase préclinique et la phase modèle. La phase préclinique développe (a) une théorie pour la détresse après un avortement et (b) les symptômes ciblés pour l'intervention. Avec cette évidence comme base, la deuxième phase a été élaborée : (c) plan de l'intervention ; (d) les préférences du client pour une intervention spécifique et (e) la faisabilité et l'application du traitement. RésultatsLa phase préclinique, a déterminé une théorie du désordre psychologique comme base de l'intervention. En plus, une étude descriptive d'un groupe (N=151) de participants fournit l'évidence des symptômes ciblés. Les participants qui cherchaient un traitement, avaient démontré une sévère détresse psychologique (Impact de Grands Nombres d'Evénement >26 et deuil périnatal modéré >60), spécifique à la grossesse et l'avortement. L'évidence ramassée dans la phase préclinique a été utilisé pour déterminer une intervention appropriée. Parmi ces interventions préférées parmi des clients étaient : le service d'une thérapie en groupe pour la culpabilité non anticipée, le succès des compétences, et l'enseignement sur les effets psychologiques après un avortement. Signification et conclusionLa thèse actuelle représente une série d'études utilisée pour développer une intervention ciblée et acceptée par les étudiants universitaires qui, après avoir subi un avortement, ont éprouvé des conséquences psychologiques négatives et qui cherchaient un traitement médical. Cette thèse pourvoit une base de connaissance cohérente dans la profession d'infirmière à comprendre, identifier, et traiter la détresse psychologique après un avortement. Cette connaissance, concentrée dans la population, n'existe pas encore. L'intervention développée pourrait être examinée pour l'efficacité et répliquée parmi les groupes plus nombreux. Les interventions efficaces, qui réduisent la détresse après un avortement pourraient aussi réduire la portée de morbidité psychiatrique et mortalité après l'avortement dans la population du niveau universitaire.

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Elani, Hawazin. "Coping and psychological distress among head and neck cancer patients." Thesis, McGill University, 2008. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=116106.

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Objectives: To identify correlates of psychological distress and to investigate how coping skills, anxiety and depression are related in a group of head and neck cancer patients 6-12 months after their diagnosis. Methods: We evaluated in 107 head and neck cancer patients their anxiety and depression levels using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and their Coping strategies using the Ways of Coping Checklist. Results: There were statistically significant associations between gender and anxiety level, and between living arrangements, cancer site, time since treatment, tumor stage and depressive symptoms. Results also showed that patients used a variety of coping strategies. Different coping strategies were used in subjects with high versus those with low levels of anxiety or depressive symptoms. Conclusion: Data show several correlates of psychological distress in head and neck cancer patients. They also suggest that coping strategies of these patients vary according to their level of psychological distress.

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Cocksey, Joanne Margaret. "Contextual factors associated with psychological inflexibility and distress in adults." Thesis, University of Hertfordshire, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2299/7026.

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It is widely accepted in the literature that adverse experiences in childhood, such as abuse and emotional invalidation, pose a major risk factor for the development of psychopathology later in life. What is less known, however, is what processes mediate these associations. This study investigated whether psychological inflexibility – that is, cognitive fusion and experiential avoidance - play a role in mediating these relationships. Although abuse and experiential avoidance have featured prominently in the literature, emotional invalidation and cognitive fusion have been comparatively neglected. 518 adults currently experiencing self-reported psychological distress were recruited from online mental health support forums. They completed questionnaires measuring experiences of abuse and maternal/paternal emotional invalidation in childhood and current levels of cognitive fusion, experiential avoidance and psychopathology in an online survey. Given the interpersonal nature of the childhood experiences, and the impact these may have on attachment relationships, participants were also asked to complete a measure of adult attachment. Regression and path analyses indicated that whilst childhood abuse had a direct impact on adult psychopathology, experiences of maternal and paternal emotional invalidation had indirect relationships with psychopathology via cognitive fusion and experiential avoidance. In terms of predicting current levels of psychopathology, cognitive fusion made the most significant contribution, both directly, and indirectly via experiential avoidance. No reliable predictive relationships were observed between adult attachment and any other variable. The results add novel findings to the literature regarding the role of childhood emotional invalidation and cognitive fusion in the development and/or maintenance of distress. They suggest that clinical interventions aimed at cognitive defusion may be of particular benefit to people currently experiencing psychological distress and, perhaps, those with a history of emotional invalidation. However, the cross-sectional nature of this study limits the causal conclusions that can be made and future research should consider the use of longitudinal designs to extend these findings.

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Keller, Zoe A. "Correlations between body mass index and psychological distress in adolescents." Thesis, California State University, Long Beach, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1527717.

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The purpose of the current study was to address the relationship between Body Mass Index (BMI) status and psychological distress within the adolescent population. Data was acquired from the California Health Interview Survey (CHIS) 2011-2012, a state-wide phone survey which addresses health issues among the resident population. The present study used data from 2,1 04 California adolescents, utilizing variables relating to demographics, general health condition, and mental health.

Results indicated a statistically significant relationship between BMI and psychological distress, with overweight adolescents experiencing more distress and depression than their underweight/healthy weight counterparts. Gender and perceived general health condition were both significantly related to distress, with females and those of poor perceived general health condition experiencing greater psychological distress, regardless of weight status. This study has implications for social work policy and practice, especially in work with youth and families.

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Allcock, Nicholas John. "Nurses' and student nurses' inferences of pain and psychological distress." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1997. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/12993/.

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Poor pain assessment contributes to inadequate postoperative pain relief. Studies in the US suggest that nurse education might make students less sensitive to patients' experience of pain. This research set out to examine this process in the United Kingdom and to explore the experience of the students during their common foundation programme (CFP). 217 students completed the Standard Measure of Inferences of Suffering Questionnaire (SMIS) before and after their CFP. Their inferences of psychological distress increased as studies in the US had found but unlike these studies no change was found in their inferences of pain. Inferences of pain and psychological distress were affected by the age of the cases, while gender affected only the latter. None of the characteristics of the students were related to their inferences Of 51 qualified nurses who completed the SMIS, 5 with high inferences and 5 with low inferences, rated patients for whom they were caring. Over half of their ratings were different from those of the patients' and there was no relationship between their SMIS scores and the tendency to over or under estimate patients' pain casting doubt on the validity of the SMIS. Interviews with 15 students following their CFP showed that they experienced a wide range of strong emotions when caring for patients in pain. Their relatively junior status in the wards seemed to place them in difficult positions and provided them with little support. Theories of desensitisation, cognitive dissonance and acculturation have been proposed to explain decreasing sensitivity to pain. The lack of a significant change in students' inferences of pain and the analysis of their interviews suggest that their experiences are more varied than these theories suggest. These findings have important implications for both nurse education and the mechanisms to support student nurses in clinical practice.

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Moreland, Jessica Elizabeth Natanya. "Illness representations, acceptance, coping and psychological distress in chronic tinnitus." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/9098.

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Tinnitus is a prevalent condition which is associated with significant distress and disability in a substantial proportion of the population. The variance in distress is not adequately explained by audiological characteristics of the symptom and it has been widely accepted that other variables are influential in determining the relationship between the stimulus and distress. A review of the literature highlights significant relationships between many psychosocial variables and tinnitus severity (impact on life). However, conclusions based on existing research are limited due to methodological weaknesses and widespread neglect of coherent theoretical foundations. The review identifies a need for further research with comprehensive theoretical underpinning to provide a greater understanding of adaptation to chronic tinnitus. One theoretical framework which has been applied extensively to explore the process of adaptation to chronic conditions is Leventhal's Self Regulation Model (SRM). This model has not yet been applied to the study of chronic tinnitus with sufficient methodological rigour to draw firm conclusions on its utility for this patient group. Existing research on tinnitus suggests that coping efforts (integral to the SRM) are often associated with increased distress with the notable exception of strategies indicative of acceptance. Recent research into chronic pain has indicated a role for acceptance in predicting adaptation, however it has not been investigated in the context of tinnitus to date. Therefore, research was undertaken to investigate the relationships between cognitive illness representations, coping, acceptance and psychological distress in patients with chronic tinnitus. The findings suggest that cognitive illness representations predict variance in psychological distress and that coping and acceptance variables enhance the explanatory power of the models. The clinical implications of the findings and the limitations of the study are discussed. Finally, an account of the process of undertaking the research and reflections on this experience is presented.

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Golden, Ann Maeve. "Psychological distress and cancer incidence in the Whitehall II study." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.401734.

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Lawless, Carmel Mary. "Explorative study into psychological distress in parents of premature infants." Thesis, University of Hull, 2007. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:11519.

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Background. Due to the increase in the rate of premature birth in the U.K., research into investigating psychological distress in parents of premature infants is clinically important. It has been identified that there is an absence of research in the area of psychological distress (anxiety, depression and trauma) in parents, particularly in fathers' of premature infants. Attachment theory states that templates of personal attachment are repeated from parents to children. Parents who have difficulty in forming an attachment with their newborn may be more likely to be psychologically distressed. Aims. The principle aim of the study was to understand the relationship between personal attachment style, psychological distress and trauma and the process of attachment in the postnatal period in the parents of premature infants. It aimed (1) to examine the most common personal attachment style of parents of premature infants, (2) to investigate, changes in psychological distress (anxiety, depression and trauma) for parents post birth and 3-4 months later, (3) to investigate the relationship between psychological distress (anxiety, depression and trauma) and parents own personal attachment style, (4) to investigate any changes in parents attachment to their infant post birth and 3-4 months later, and (5) to investigate the relationship between parental attachment to their infant and psychological distress (anxiety, depression and trauma). Method. Thirty-Two mothers and twenty-one fathers were recruited through neonatal intensive care units in two regional hospitals after the birth of their premature infant. Participants were also contacted 3-4 months later, twenty-two mothers and thirteen fathers completing and returning postal questionnaires. Findings. The participant group reported low scores on both the anxious and avoidant subscales of the Experience of Close Relationship-Revised (ECR-R) Questionnaire. Therefore, indicating that the participant group are securely attached. Results revealed that overall; parents of premature infants had lower levels of anxiety and depression at Time 2 (3-4 months post-partum) in relation to Time 1 (after the birth of the infant). However, parents reported higher levels of posttraumatic stress symptoms at Time 2 in comparison to Time 1. Additionally, mothers of premature infants reported higher levels of psychological distress (anxiety, depression and posttraumatic stress symptoms) at both Time periods in comparison to fathers. Mothers' anxiety scores (as measured by the HADS) reached caseness at Time 1. However, mothers' scores reduced significantly at Time 2. In relation to personal attachment style and changes in level of psychological distress, findings indicated a relationship. Mothers with lower avoidant scores reported a decrease in scores on the EPDS from Time 2 to Time 1. With respect to the relationship between changes in parental post-natal attachment and psychological distress, the overall findings suggest lower scores in three components of the Parental Post-Natal Attachment Scale (Tolerance, Pleasure in Proximity and Acceptance) at Time 2 in comparison to Time 1. However, the findings suggest higher scores on the Competence component of the Parental Post-Natal Attachment Scale at Time 2 in comparison to Time 1. Additionally, the findings highlighted a significant relationship between differences in both mothers' Competence scores and HADS depression scores. The findings also propose a significant relationship between changes in both Pleasure in Proximity scores and HADS anxiety and depression scores Conclusion. The findings highlight the importance of assessing parents' levels of psychological distress after the birth of their infant. Additionally, the findings highlight the importance of including fathers' of premature infants in the post-care of their infants to encourage positive interactions with their infant and thereby enabling them to gain from being in close proximity to their infant. Therefore, the findings highlight the importance of continued care for parents post-discharge as the findings indicate that the parents experience difficulties at both follow-up and in NICU.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Psychological distress'

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