Journal articles on the topic 'Psychological Coercion'
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Katsika, Argyro, David Braze, Ashwini Deo, and Maria Mercedes Piñango. "Complement Coercion." Mental Lexicon 7, no. 1 (June 8, 2012): 58–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ml.7.1.03kat.
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Although Complement Coercion has been systematically associated with computational cost, there remains a serious confound in the experimental evidence built up in previous studies. The confound arises from the fact that lexico-semantic differences within the set of verbs assumed to involve coercion have not been taken into consideration. From among the set of verbs that have been reported to exhibit complement coercion effects we identified two clear semantic classes — aspectual verbs and psychological verbs. We hypothesize that the semantic difference between the two should result in differing processing profiles. Aspectual predicates (begin) trigger coercion and processing cost while psychological predicates (enjoy) do not. Evidence from an eye-tracking experiment supports our hypothesis. Coercion costs are restricted to aspectual predicates while no such effects are found with psychological predicates. These findings have implications for how these two kinds of predicates might be lexically encoded as well as for whether the observed interpolation of eventive meaning can be attributed to type-shifting (e.g., McElree, Traxler, Pickering, Seely, & Jackendoff, 2001) or to pragmatic-inferential processes (e.g., De Almeida, 2004).
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Baldwin, Susie B., Anne E. Fehrenbacher, and David P. Eisenman. "Psychological Coercion in Human Trafficking." Qualitative Health Research 25, no. 9 (November 4, 2014): 1171–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1049732314557087.
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Mullins, Ellie R., and Gery C. Karantzas. "The association between abuse and the perpetration of subtle sexual coercion: The role of approach and avoidance motivations." Journal of Social and Personal Relationships 36, no. 5 (April 2, 2019): 1509–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0265407519827643.
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Little research has investigated the associations between abuse and subtle sexual coercion within romantic relationships and the mechanisms that may underpin this association. Specifically, no previous research has investigated whether approach and avoidance motivations for engaging in sexual coercion explain this association. The aim of this research was to investigate whether approach and avoidance motivations pertaining to the perpetration of subtle sexual coercion may mediate the perpetration of psychological and physical abuse and the perpetration of sexual coercion. A total of 117 heterosexual couples (mean age = 30.42 years) completed measures assessing their approach and avoidance motivations for sexual coercion, as well as reports of abuse perpetration (physical and psychological) and sexual coercion against their romantic partner. Findings revealed that men and women’s perpetration of psychological abuse (but not physical abuse) was positively associated with their own avoidance motivations for sexual coercion perpetration and that women’s perpetration of psychological abuse was positively associated with their partner’s approach and avoidance motivations for sexual coercion perpetration. Avoidance motives were also found to mediate the association between psychological abuse and sexual coercion perpetration for both men and women. The results of this study highlight the importance of exploring motives as a potential mechanism to help explain the associations between abuse and sexual coercion within romantic relationships.
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Beltrán-Morillas, A. M., I. Valor-Segura, and F. Expósito. "EL PAPEL DE LA DISTANCIA SOCIAL EN EL PERDÓN DE LA VIOLENCIA PSICOLÓGICA: MALESTAR PERSONAL Y COACCIÓN COMO RESPUESTA DE AFRONTAMIENTO." International Journal of Developmental and Educational Psychology. Revista INFAD de Psicología. 2, no. 1 (October 22, 2017): 291. http://dx.doi.org/10.17060/ijodaep.2017.n1.v2.940.
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Abstract.THE ROLE OF SOCIAL DISTANCE IN THE FORGIVENESS OF PSYCHOLOGICAL VIOLENCE: PERSONAL EVIL AND COACTION AS A RESPONSEThrough two studies, the present investigation analyzes the process of forgiveness before a situation of psychological abuse, depending on the social distance in relation to the person who transgresses. In the first study (n = 145), the granting of forgiveness to different types of violence (physical vs. psychological). The results showed that psychological degree (vs. physical). In the second study (n = 155) pardon, discomfort or personal distress was analyzed and coercion as a coping response, as a function of social distance (actor vs. observer). The results showed that personal discomfort is related to less forgiveness, and this in turn, is related to less coercion, especially in the condition of actor (observer). Likewise, the results also showed that forgiveness mediates the relationship between personal discomfort and resolution of coercion, especially when it comes to the perspective of the actor.Key words: Psychological abuse, coercion, social distance, personal malaise, pardonResumen.A través de dos estudios, la presente investigación analizar el proceso de perdón ante una situación de abuso psicológico, en función de la distancia social en relación con la persona que transgrede. En el primer estudio (n = 145), se examinó el otorgamiento de perdón ante diferentes tipos de violencia (física vs. psicológica). Los resultados mostraron que la violencia psicológica en mayor grado (vs. física). En el segundo estudio (n = 155) se analizó el perdón, el malestar o distrés personal y la coacción como respuesta de afrontamiento, en función de la distancia social (actor vs. observador). Los resultados evidenciaron que, el malestar personal se relaciona con un menor perdón, y éste a su vez, se relaciona con una menor coerción, especialmente en la condición de actor (observador). Asimismo, los resultados también evidenciaron que el perdón media la relación entre el malestar personal y la resolución de coerción, especialmente, cuando se trata de la perspectiva del actor.Palabras clave: Abuso psicológico, coacción, distancia social, malestar personal, perdón
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Salwen, Jessica K., Ingrid A. Solano, and K. Daniel O’Leary. "Sexual Coercion and Psychological Aggression Victimization: Unique Constructs and Predictors of Depression." Partner Abuse 6, no. 4 (2015): 367–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/1946-6560.6.4.367.
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Sexual coercion of women is a common problem in couples that is often conceptualized as a facet of sexual assault or as a form of psychological aggression. Because psychological aggression is consistently linked to depressive symptoms, the researchers evaluated the unique contribution of sexual coercion victimization in the prediction of depressive symptoms beyond the variance explained by psychological aggression victimization. Sample 1 consisted of women living with a partner for at least a year and parenting a young child, whereas Sample 2 consisted of undergraduate students in relationships of at least 6 months. Overall, 27.4% of the women in Sample 1 and 22.8% of the women in Sample 2 reported experiencing sexual coercion victimization. Across both samples, depressive symptoms and psychological aggression victimization were significantly greater in women who experienced sexual coercion victimization. In addition, sexual coercion victimization and psychological aggression victimization each contributed significantly and uniquely to the prediction of depressive symptoms. Thus, although related to psychological aggression victimization, sexual coercion in an intimate relationship is a distinct construct. Implications for assessment, prevention, and couple therapy are discussed.
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Katz, Jennifer, Andrew Carino, and Angela Hilton. "Perceived Verbal Conflict Behaviors Associated With Physical Aggression and Sexual Coercion in Dating Relationships: A Gender-Sensitive Analysis." Violence and Victims 17, no. 1 (February 2002): 93–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/vivi.17.1.93.33641.
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We studied perceived partner verbal behaviors associated with participants’ use of dating aggression. Men’s reports of their partners’ demanding, controlling, and psychologically abusive behaviors during conflicts were expected to predict men’s perpetration against partners. In contrast, women’s reports of their partners’ withdrawal were expected to predict women’s perpetration. Data were collected from heterosexual undergraduates (N = 223) in exclusive dating relationships. Participants’ reports of partner demands and partner psychological abuse were associated with participants’ use of physical aggression and sexual coercion. Reports of partner withdrawal and partner controlling behaviors were associated with participants’ sexual coercion only. Significant moderating effects of gender emerged. As expected, partner demands, controlling behaviors, and psychological abuse were associated with physical aggression and sexual coercion in men, but not women. Partner withdrawal was associated with sexual coercion in both women and men. We conclude that gender-sensitive approaches are necessary to understand and prevent verbal conflict patterns associated with physical aggression and sexual coercion in intimate relationships.
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Thornhill, Randy, and Nancy Wilmsen Thornhill. "The evolutionary psychology of men's coercive sexuality." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 15, no. 2 (June 1992): 363–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x00069120.
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AbstractPsychological adaptation underlies all human behavior. Thus, sexual coercion by men could either arise from a rape-specific psychological adaptation or it could be a side-effect of a more general psychological adaptation not directly related to rape. Determining the specific environmental cues that men's brains have been designed by selection to process may help us decide which these rival explanations is correct. We examine six testable predictions against existing data: (1) Both coercive and noncoercive will be associated with high levels of sexual arousal and performance in men. (2) Achieving physical control of a sexually unwilling woman will be sexually arousing to men. (3) Young men will be more sexually coercive than older men. (4) Men of low socioeconomic status will likewise be more sexually coercive. (5) A man's motivation to use sexual coercion will be influenced by its effects on social image. (6) Even in long-term relationships men will be motivated to use coercion when their mates show a lack of interest in resistance to sex because these are interpreted as signs of sexual infidelity. Current data support all six predictions and are hence consistent with the rape-specific hypothesis, but this does not eliminate the side-effect hypothesis, which is likewise compatible with the findings, as well as with the further evidence that forced matings increased the fitness of ancestral males during human evolution. We suggest some research that may help decide between the two hypotheses.
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Heil, Erin C. "It is God’s will: Exploiting religious beliefs as a means of human trafficking." Critical Research on Religion 5, no. 1 (November 8, 2016): 48–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2050303216676520.
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Human traffickers use various methods to maintain and control their victims, including physical, economic, and psychological restraints. Specifically focusing on the psychological aspect of control, this paper seeks to address the role of religion and how it can be exploited as a tool of coercion. Employing case study methodology, this paper will focus on examples of Islam, House of Judah, and Scientology, and how belief systems facilitated victim coercion. The purpose is threefold: (1) to establish religion as a tool of coercion at the interpersonal level, (2) to examine specific trafficking cases in which religion was the method of coercion, and (3) to discuss the challenge of prosecuting cases in which the act was the result of religious coercion.
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Ozhegova, Galina A. "On State Coercion." State power and local self-government 12 (December 3, 2020): 22–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.18572/1813-1247-2020-12-22-28.
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State coercion is a multifunctional scientific and legal category that is studied in various branches of law. At the same time, there is no unity among scientists about the concept of state coercion, its signs. The purpose of the article was to explore the notion of state coercion and to justify its legitimacy. The article considered the concept of coercion in philosophical, psychological, sociological and legal aspects. In the separation of state coercion from legal coercion, it was concluded that these concepts are not identical, since state coercion, based as well as legal in law, is actually implemented in relation to a particular life situation is implemented in measures that are a meaningful component of state-power relations.
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Kulichev, Roman Borisovich. "Certain issues of protection of the rights of citizens in concluding a transaction under psychological duress." Право и политика, no. 12 (December 2021): 61–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.7256/2454-0706.2021.12.37237.
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This article is dedicated to the legal issues of protection of the rights of individuals who have concluded civil transactions under psychological duress, namely hypnosis. The object of this research is civil law relations that emerge in conclusion of transaction by individuals. The subject of this research is the person’s will and its characteristics in deciding to conclude a transaction under psychological coercion unrelated to physical violence, as well as legal consequences of concluding such transactions. The author examines the factors that contribute to conclusion of transactions under psychological coercion and possible reasons for psychological coercion. The article examines civil and criminal law methods of protection of the rights of citizens who concluded transactions with a defect of volition, but are legally capable and aware of their actions. The conclusion is made that the only effective way to protect the individual from concluding such transaction lies in cultivation of the will. It is noted that the key evidence in challenging such transactions is forensic psychiatry evaluation; however, its commission depends solely on the judge’s decision on a particular dispute. The author assumes that the implementation of punitive measures for coercing into conclusion of such transactions is improbable, since the law enforcement authorities would refuse to initiate a criminal case due to civil nature of the dispute. The scientific novelty of consists in carrying out a comprehensive analysis of both, civil and criminal law methods of protection of the rights of citizens who have concluded transactions with the defect of volition, and the possibility of their practical implementation.
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Buchanan, NiCole T., Isis H. Settles, and Krystle C. Woods. "Comparing Sexual Harassment Subtypes Among Black and White Women by Military Rank: Double Jeopardy, the Jezebel, and the Cult of True Womanhood." Psychology of Women Quarterly 32, no. 4 (December 2008): 347–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-6402.2008.00450.x.
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Drawing upon feminist analyses of double jeopardy and the cult of true womanhood, we examine race, rank, sexual harassment frequency, and psychological distress for Black and White female military personnel ( N = 7,714). Results indicated that White women reported more overall sexual harassment, gender harassment, and crude behavior, whereas Black women reported more unwanted sexual attention and sexual coercion; enlisted women reported higher rates of each subtype than officers. Black enlistees reported more sexual coercion than White enlistees, and enlistees reported more than officers, but there were no racial differences across officers. Black women reported more psychological distress following gender harassment than White women, and enlisted women reported more distress following gender harassment, unwanted sexual attention, and sexual coercion than officers. Although Black officers were less distressed at low levels of sexual coercion, as coercion became more frequent, their distress increased significantly, and at high levels, all groups were similarly distressed.
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Fleury-Steiner, Ruth E., and Susan L. Miller. "Reproductive Coercion and Perceptions of Future Violence." Violence Against Women 26, no. 10 (July 21, 2019): 1228–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077801219856107.
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Reproductive coercion is an understudied form of intimate partner abuse related to physical, sexual, and psychological abuse. Prior research suggests that women accurately predict whether their abuser will continue the abuse. Thus, understanding factors related to these perceptions is necessary to enhance safety. Using a diverse sample of women in the United States seeking protection orders, the current study examines reproductive coercion as a predictor of women’s perceptions of future violence. Findings suggest that psychological abuse and, to a lesser extent, reproductive coercion are related to whether women believe their abuser will continue their abuse. Implications for research and services are discussed.
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Hines, Denise A., and Kimberly J. Saudino. "Gender Differences in Psychological, Physical, and Sexual Aggression Among College Students Using the Revised Conflict Tactics Scales." Violence and Victims 18, no. 2 (April 2003): 197–217. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/vivi.2003.18.2.197.
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In response to criticisms of the Conflict Tactics Scales, Straus revised the original scale to include sexual aggression and injury. The purpose of the present study was to use this new scale to replicate and expand existing knowledge of psychological, physical, and sexual aggression in dating relationships. Four-hundred-eighty-one college students completed the Revised Conflict Tactics Scales. As expected, females reported perpetrating more psychological aggression than males; there were no gender differences in reported physical aggression; and psychological and physical aggression tended to co-occur. Contrary to previous research, there were no gender differences in injuries. As expected, males reported perpetrating more sexual coercion than females; however, females also reported perpetrating sexual aggression, and there were no gender differences in reported victimization. For males, sexual coercion perpetration (not victimization) was related to the perpetration and victimization of physical and psychological aggression. For females, both sexual coercion perpetration and victimization were related to the perpetration and victimization of psychological aggression and victimization from physical aggression, but not to physical aggression perpetration.
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Ross, Jody M., Michelle Drouin, and Amanda Coupe. "Sexting Coercion as a Component of Intimate Partner Polyvictimization." Journal of Interpersonal Violence 34, no. 11 (July 20, 2016): 2269–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886260516660300.
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We examined the role of sexting coercion as a component of the intimate partner abuse (IPA) construct among young adults to determine whether sexting coercion would emerge alongside other forms of partner aggression as a cumulative risk factor for psychological, sexual, and attachment problems. In a sample of 885 undergraduates (301 men and 584 women), 40% had experienced some type of coercion. Although there was some overlap between sexual coercion and sexting coercion (21% of participants had experienced both), some individuals had experienced only sexting coercion (8%) and some only sexual coercion (11%). Women were more likely than men to be coerced into sexting. Both sexting coercion and sexual coercion were significantly and independently related to negative mental health symptoms, sexual problems, and attachment dysfunction, and, notably, sexting coercion was found to be a cumulative risk factor for nearly all of these negative effects. These data support the idea that digital sexual victimization is a new component of IPA polyvictimization, potentially increasing the negative effects experienced by victims of multiple forms of partner aggression.
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Próspero, Moisés, and Peter Fawson. "Sexual Coercion and Mental Health Symptoms Among Heterosexual Men: The Pressure to Say “Yes”." American Journal of Men's Health 4, no. 2 (February 2, 2009): 98–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1557988308330106.
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The present study investigated the prevalence of female-to-male intimate partner violence (IPV) and mental health symptoms among 370 male university students. Participants completed surveys that measured three types of IPV victimization (sexual, physical, and psychological) and four types of mental health symptoms (anxiety, depression, hostility, and somatic symptoms). Correlations revealed strong positive associations between sexual, physical, and psychological IPV among male victims. Multiple regressions identified that males who reported psychological and sexual IPV from their female partner were more likely to report higher hostility, anxiety, and somatic symptoms. Further analyses identified that male victims experienced much higher levels of “insisted” sexual coercion rather than “forced” sexual coercion. Mental health practitioners should be aware of the possible mental health symptoms among male IPV victims, specifically from sexual coercion. The study posits that gender socialization does not allow men to refuse sex from an intimate partner and therefore elicit mental health symptoms.
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Weaver, Terri L., Noel M. Elrod, and Katherine Kelton. "Intimate Partner Violence and Body Shame: An Examination of the Associations Between Abuse Components and Body-Focused Processes." Violence Against Women 26, no. 12-13 (September 22, 2019): 1538–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077801219873434.
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Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a stigmatizing, interpersonal violation with elements that confer risk for body shame. This study examined the role of body-focused processes (i.e., self-objectification and body surveillance) in the development of body shame within a sample of 61 primarily African American women, exposed to moderate to severe IPV. Severity of sexual coercion, physical assault, and psychological abuse were significantly associated with increased body shame and self-objectification. Mediation analyses revealed that self-objectification was a unique mediator of the relationship between psychological abuse, physical assault, sexual coercion, and body shame. Implications for women’s health care experiences are discussed.
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Cakal, Ergün. "Perception, practice and proximity. Qualifying threats as psychological torture in international law." Torture Journal 31, no. 1 (May 11, 2021): 19–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/torture.v31i1.118633.
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Background: Fear is a central dimension of torture and cruel, inhuman and degrading treatment (hereafter ‘other ill-treatment’), particularly as a part of verbal or non-verbal threats. Adjudicators and policy-makers have grappled, arguably at a greater depth than with other methods of psychological torture, with the circumstances in which fear-based methods amount to torture or other ill-treatment. The pursuit of non-coercive standards of police interrogation has further underscored the need to better distinguish the prohibited from the permitted. Upon this background, this article reviews the existing jurisprudential and social scientific literature in formulating a lens through which fear-inducing methods could be better functionally conceptualised. Method: This article has identified, through systematic full-text search of databases, texts with keywords ‘threat’, ‘fear’, ‘coercion’, ‘intimidation’, ‘distress’, ‘anguish’ and ‘psychological pressure’. The identified texts, limited to English-language journal articles, NGO reports, court-cases and UN documents from 1950 to date, were then selected for relevance pertaining to conceptual, evidentiary and legal critique provided therein. Discussion: Whilst it is broadly recognized that the deployment of fear to inflict violence can amount to torture, methods of threats or coercion are not adequately conceptualized particularly at the lower end, i.e. routine interrogational torture. Here, principles pertaining to the legitimate use of force and minimum level of severity are used as functional guidelines to distinguish the prohibited from the permitted. The power, practice and proximity of state authorities to harm necessarily qualify threats as real, immediate and credible and therefore torturous.
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Yount, Kathryn Mary, Kathleen Helen Krause, and Kristin E. VanderEnde. "Economic Coercion and Partner Violence Against Wives in Vietnam." Journal of Interpersonal Violence 31, no. 20 (July 11, 2016): 3307–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886260515584350.
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Economic coercion refers to behaviors that control an intimate partner’s ability to acquire, use, and maintain economic resources. Little is known about economic coercion in Vietnam. Using survey responses from 533 married women ages 18 to 50 years, we estimated multinomial logistic regression models to compare the determinants of exposure to economic coercion only, co-occurring economic coercion, and any psychological, physical, or sexual intimate partner violence (IPV), and any IPV only, relative to no exposure. Women who, in their childhood, witnessed physical IPV against their mother had higher odds of exposure to co-occurring economic coercion and any IPV as an adult (adjusted Odds Ratio = 3.54, 95% confidence interval [CI] = [1.84, 6.83]) and any IPV only (adjust Odds Ratio = 1.75, 95% CI = [1.00, 3.06]), but not economic coercion only. Women who experienced violence as a child had higher odds of exposure to any IPV only (adjusted Odds Ratio = 1.63, 95% CI = [1.04, 2.56]) but not economic coercion only. Women with more schooling had higher odds of exposure to economic coercion only (adjusted Odds Ratio = 1.17, 95% CI = [1.03, 1.33]) but not other forms of violence. Overall, the estimates from the three models differed significantly. Thus, the determinants of economic coercion and common forms of IPV may differ. More research should focus on men’s perpetration of economic coercion.
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Bonache, Helena, Rosaura Gonzalez-Mendez, and Barbara Krahé. "Adult Attachment Styles, Destructive Conflict Resolution, and the Experience of Intimate Partner Violence." Journal of Interpersonal Violence 34, no. 2 (April 1, 2016): 287–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886260516640776.
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Although there is ample evidence linking insecure attachment styles and intimate partner violence (IPV), little is known about the psychological processes underlying this association, especially from the victim’s perspective. The present study examined how attachment styles relate to the experience of sexual and psychological abuse, directly or indirectly through destructive conflict resolution strategies, both self-reported and attributed to their opposite-sex romantic partner. In an online survey, 216 Spanish undergraduates completed measures of adult attachment style, engagement and withdrawal conflict resolution styles shown by self and partner, and victimization by an intimate partner in the form of sexual coercion and psychological abuse. As predicted, anxious and avoidant attachment styles were directly related to both forms of victimization. Also, an indirect path from anxious attachment to IPV victimization was detected via destructive conflict resolution strategies. Specifically, anxiously attached participants reported a higher use of conflict engagement by themselves and by their partners. In addition, engagement reported by the self and perceived in the partner was linked to an increased probability of experiencing sexual coercion and psychological abuse. Avoidant attachment was linked to higher withdrawal in conflict situations, but the paths from withdrawal to perceived partner engagement, sexual coercion, and psychological abuse were non-significant. No gender differences in the associations were found. The discussion highlights the role of anxious attachment in understanding escalating patterns of destructive conflict resolution strategies, which may increase the vulnerability to IPV victimization.
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Stech, Frank J., and Christopher Simpson. "Science of Coercion: Communication Research and Psychological Warfare 1945-1960." Journal of Interdisciplinary History 26, no. 4 (1996): 741. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/205089.
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Chaffee, Steven H., and Christopher Simpson. "Science of Coercion: Communication Research and Psychological Warfare, 1945-1960." Journal of American History 82, no. 1 (June 1995): 345. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2082133.
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Heyer, Paul. "Science of coercion: Communication research and psychological warfare 1945–1960." Journal of the History of the Behavioral Sciences 34, no. 1 (1998): 89–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1520-6696(199824)34:1<89::aid-jhbs29>3.0.co;2-x.
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Степанов, В. Н. "The Concept of Zwang (Coercion) within the Structure of the Conceptual Sphere of Power in the German Philosophical Tradition." Иностранные языки в высшей школе, no. 3(54) (December 18, 2020): 20–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.37724/rsu.2020.54.3.002.
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В статье рассматривается концептосфера принуждение (“Zwang”), которая выявляется по базисным пропозициям с опорой на лексическое значение слов и контексты их употребления в соответствии с репрезентациями пяти базисных фреймов — предметного, акционального, посессивного, идентификационного, компаративного. Идея множественности «принуждения» (“Zwang”) сохраняет свою актуальность в современной литературе. В квалитативном, качественном, отношении «принуждение» (“Zwang”) оценивается нейтрально, отрицательно и положительно. Локативные характеристики концепта “Zwang” позволяют очертить сферы его экзистенции, к которым относятся внешние по отношению к человеку сферы деятельности и внутренний мир человека. В схемах контактного действия принуждение (“Zwang”) выступает в нескольких ролях: субъекта, объекта, медиатива. Пропозициональная схема каузации позволяет описать причинную роль принуждения в отношении психологических и морально-этических по своей природе явлений. Принуждение в целом направлено на когнитивные явления, представляющие собой результат рациональной деятельности, рассуждения. Принуждение может «наполнять содержанием» социальные явления, когнитивные феномены, эпистемологические системы. Надличностный в целом характер принуждения определяет характер его субъектов, в качестве которых могут выступать надперсональные сущности — организации, учреждения, сообщества, партии и социальные институты. Родовидовые характеристики принуждения (“Zwang”) относительны и конверсивны. Дихотомичность относится к важным характеристикам принуждения (“Zwang”), контрарные и контрадикторные отношения проявляются в антонимичных контекстах, одним из элементов которых выступает принуждение. Персонификация принуждения (“Zwang”) происходит в двух формах и может быть неиндивидуализированной и индивидуализированной. The paper examines the conceptual sphere of coercion (“Zwang”), which is elicited with with consideration of the basic propositions, proceeding from the lexical meaning of the words and the contexts of their usage, according to the representations of the five basic frames (subject-focused, actional, possessive, identificational, comparative). The idea of coercion’s “plurality” (“Zwänge”) is still relevant in modern literature. Regarded in the light of quantity and quality, “coercion” (“Zwang”) is evaluated as neutral, negative and positive. The locative characteristics of the “Zwang” concept make it possible to outline the spheres of its existence — both the spheres of activity external in reference to man, and man’s internal world. Charts illustrating contact action show several roles of coercion (“Zwang”): subject, object, and mediator. The propositional chart of causation helps to describe coercion as the cause of psychological and ethical phenomena. On the whole, coercion is focused on cognitive phenomena, which are the result of rational judgment. Coercion can lend content to social and cognitive phenomena, to epistemological systems. Since coercion is supra-personal by nature, it can have transpersonal entities for its subject — organizations, institutions, communities, parties and social institutes. The genus-species characteristics of coercion are relative and prone to conversion. One of the essential characteristics of “Zwang” is its dichotomy. Contrastive and contradictory relations reveal themselves in antonymic contexts, with coercion as one of the elements. Personification of coercion (“Zwang”) occurs in two forms: individualized and non-individualized.
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Setianan, A. R., W. H. Putri, N. C. Kresnanto, and E. Sulistiastuti. "Environmentally friendly cycling habit behaviour: could social influence, hedonic motivation and psychological needs develop it?" IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1030, no. 1 (June 1, 2022): 012010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1030/1/012010.
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Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic has created new habits for the people of Indonesia. Cycling has become a more popular habit and hobby in some society members during mandatory work from home. Self Determination Theory, which explains the human motivation, personality development, and behavioural self-regulation, will be used in this research context to develop a research model. This research examines how hedonic motivation and psychological needs as inner resources for behavioural decision making and social influence as external coercion influences environmentally friendly behaviour. We used multiple regression analysis and found that hedonic motivation and psychological needs influence environmentally friendly behaviour. It can be concluded that environmentally friendly behaviour is more straightforward to develop with inner motivation than external coercion.
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García Cantero, Gabriel. "Cour de cassation française 13 janvier 1999 — nullité du contrat par violence." European Review of Private Law 10, Issue 6 (December 1, 2002): 837–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/5114792.
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The decision made on 13 January 1999 deals with an unusual application of coercion upon conclusion of the contract in respect of relationships between leaders and followers of a sect, a situation in which psychological pressure and other influences are often seen as modifying free will. In this case a woman, having been a member of a sect community for 15 years, had sold her own house during this period to a company, the associates and manager of which belonged to the same sect. After having left the community, she asked for nullity of the sale on grounds of moral coercion. The Paris Court of Appeal ruled in her favour, noting that this former follower had indeed suffered from physical and moral coercion on the part of the other community members from 1972 until her departure in November 1987, a period in which she was particularly vulnerable, as she lived separated from her husband and in care of her children. The judges made it clear that it was this type of coercion that had led her to conclude the sale of her house, so that the members of the community could live there. The Cour de Cassation dismissed the appeal against this decision. This outcome seems to encourage the use of such a mode of recession, as it has proved rather easy to establish coercion in concluding the contract. Although the existence of moral coercion was not really contested in this case, the plaintiff before the Cour de Cassation, on one hand, criticized the appeal judges for having based their decision on sporadic and vague acts that were separated in time or that were characterized as having taken place after the sale, without establishing a direct temporal link between the noticed behaviours and the conclusion of the contract. However, in reply to this criticism, the Cour de Cassation held that the Court of Appeal could indeed base its decision on elements of assessment that happened after the date of the conclusion of the contract. Thus, this decision freely admits the proof of coercion based on repeated acts, even from such posterior to the contract, if they make it possible to assess the reality of the fear at the time of the conclusion of the contract. On the other hand, the Cour de Cassation dismissed the argument of the plaintiff, who criticized the judges for not having firmly enough established the crucial role of coercion. It is solely a matter for the Court of first instance to render a subjective assessment of the gravity of fear, taking into account the psychological state of the victim, and to consider its crucial influence on the conclusion of the contract. This particular application of the defect of coercion for sect matters has found a certain resonance in a law of 12 June 2001, which added section 223-15-2 to the Penal Code. From now on, this law punishes the fraudulent abuse of the situation of weakness of a person under psychological or physical coercion, resulting from serious or repeated pressure or from techniques bound to alter his or her judgement, leading to an act or an omission, which is seriously detrimental to this person.
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Chukanova, Evgeniya, and Tatyana Maltseva. "Psychological features of falsehood as a method of coercion of testifying." Applied psychology and pedagogy 6, no. 1 (December 17, 2020): 128–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/2500-0543-2020-128-136.
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Falsehood is recognized as an integral part of human communications, a unique phenomenon of social reality and socio-cultural traditions. The Criminal Code of the Russian Federation does not specify the concept of the sign “other illegal actions” as a way of committing coercion to testify, and this concept is not disclosed in criminal proceedings either. An overly broad interpretation of this feature found in scientific literature makes it difficult to correctly apply the norms of the Criminal Law. In this regard, the article examines the psychological signs of deception and the possibility of recognizing it as one of the methods of coercion to testify. Based on the psychological and legal analysis of the materials of the judicial and investigative practice, it was concluded that deception cannot be related to other illegal acts of forcing to give evidence, since this method of pressure from the interrogator always allows the interrogated to think over the proposals put forward and make a conscious choice, that is, when deceiving, there is no effect on the freedom of expression of the will of the defendant. In the event that information is received that the interrogators are receiving confessions using deception, the issue of bringing these persons to disciplinary responsibility should be resolved.
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Kuritsyn, Vasily, and Svetlana Kropotova. "Control in the work of the paramedic." Medsestra (Nurse), no. 10 (October 8, 2020): 26–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/med-05-2010-03.
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For many people, «control» means limitation, coercion, lack of independence. Most employees, regardless of their position, experience psychological stress, becoming an object of control. That is why there is a need to consider the essence of the control function in the work of the heads of nursing services, the practical and psychological features of its implementation.
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Prasad, Gowinda, Anak Agung Sagung Laksmi Dewi, and I. Made Minggu Widyantara. "Tinjauan Yuridis terhadap Tindak Pidana Daya Paksa dan Pembelaan Terpaksa." Jurnal Konstruksi Hukum 2, no. 3 (September 1, 2021): 483–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.22225/jkh.2.3.3621.483-488.
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Forced power and forced defense are criminal acts committed against the law, which are actually coercion from outsiders and against their will and want to defend themselves or there are threats from outsiders which of course need to be reviewed also regarding the reasons to the doctrine of coercion and defense. force it. The purpose of this research is to reveal the regulation of criminal acts of coercion and forced defense as well as legal protection against acts of coercion and forced defense. This research is a normative legal research with a statutory and conceptual approach. Data collection techniques are carried out through library research. Sources of legal materials used are primary and secondary sources of law. After the data is collected, then the data is analyzed using informal methods. The results of the research reveal that the legal protection provided is of course the protection of physical, property and life security guarantees and the provision of psychological and social rehabilitation because there is a pressure.
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Babenko, Olha. "IMPLEMENTATION OF THE FORCED FORM OF INVESTIGATION OF A JUVENILE SUSPECT." Ukrainian polyceistics: theory, legislation, practice 2, no. 2 (2021): 58–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.32366/2709-9261-2021-2-2-58-66.
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The article is devoted to the study of such an investigative (investigative) action as an examination carried out in a coercive form against a minor suspect. The national and international legislation in the field of protection of the rights of children who have committed a crime and the peculiarities of criminal proceedings with such a vulnerable category are analyzed. It is noted that the current provisions of the Criminal Procedure Code of Ukraine do not contain a regulated procedure for compulsory examination of a juvenile suspect. Such non-determination of the legal norm presupposes the investigator to conduct a compulsory examination at his own discretion, which sometimes significantly violates the rights of children. Attention is drawn to the views of scientists on the feasibility, legality and admissibility of investigative (search) action in the form of compulsory examination. It has been established that scientists have different opinions about the need to conduct a survey in a coercive form. Scientists distinguish such concepts as “psychological” and “physical” coercion during the survey. It is proposed to reduce the psychological pressure on a person subject to compulsory examination by persuasion and work with a psychologist, which is especially relevant for a juvenile suspect. As a result of the research, it was established that the legal regulation of compulsory examination of a juvenile suspect should be conditioned by the principle of proportionality. Given the principle of proportionality and vulnerability of the procedural position of a juvenile suspect, his psychological and social immaturity, it was concluded that the use of coercion during the examination of a juvenile suspect is better dependent on the severity of the criminal offense in which the juvenile is suspected. In order to improve the procedural situation of a juvenile in the field of criminal justice, it is proposed to amend the national legislation on the compulsory examination of a juvenile suspect, witness or victim only in criminal proceedings for serious or particularly serious crimes.
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Ranieri, Veronica, Andrea Sem Stoltenberg, Elena Pizzo, Chiara Montaldo, Emanuele Bizzi, Sarah Edwards, and Sunjeev Kamboj. "COVID-19 welbeing study: a protocol examining perceived coercion and psychological well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic by means of an online survey, asynchronous virtual focus groups and individual interviews." BMJ Open 11, no. 1 (January 2021): e043418. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-043418.
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IntroductionThe COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in many countries applying restrictive measures, such as lockdown, to contain and prevent further spread. The psychological impact of lockdown and working as a healthcare worker on the frontline has been chronicled in studies pertaining to previous infectious disease pandemics that have reported the presence of depressive symptoms, anxiety, insomnia, and post-traumatic stress symptoms. Potentially linked to psychological well-being and not yet studied is the possibility that lockdown and working on the frontline of the pandemic are associated with perceptions of coercion.Methods and analysisThe present study aimed to examine perceived coercion in those who have experienced COVID-19-related lockdown and/or worked as a frontline healthcare worker across three European countries. It aimed to describe how such perceptions may impact on psychological well-being, coping and post-traumatic growth. It will employ an explanatory mixed-methods research methodology consisting of an online survey and online asynchronous virtual focus groups (AVFGs) and individual interviews. χ2 tests and analyses of variance will be used to examine whether participants from different countries differ according to demographic factors, whether there are differences between cohorts on perceived coercion, depression, anxiety and post-traumatic growth scores. The relationship between coercion and symptoms of distress will be assessed using multiple regression. Both the AVFGs and the narrative interviews will be analysed using thematic narrative analysis.Ethics and disseminationThe study has been approved by University College London’s Research Ethics Committee under Project ID Number 7335/004. Results will be disseminated by means of peer-reviewed publications and at national and/or international conferences.
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Martínez-González, Marina Begoña, Claudia Patricia Arenas-Rivera, Aura Alicia Cardozo-Rusinque, Aldair Ricardo Morales-Cuadro, Mónica Acuña-Rodríguez, Yamile Turizo-Palencia, and Vicente Javier Clemente-Suárez. "Psychological and Gender Differences in a Simulated Cheating Coercion Situation at School." Social Sciences 10, no. 7 (July 9, 2021): 265. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/socsci10070265.
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This study aimed to analyze gender, anxiety, and psychological inflexibility differences of high school students’ behaviors in a simulated situation of peer coercion into academic cheating. Method: A total of 1147 volunteer adolescents participated, (Men: N = 479; Mage = 16.3; Women: N = 668; Mage = 16.2). The participants saw 15 s animated online video presenting peer coercion into an academic cheating situation, including a questionnaire about their reactions to face the situation. They also answered the State–Trait Anxiety Inventory for children and adolescents and the Avoidance and Fusion Questionnaire for Youth (AFQ-Y). Gender was associated with the behaviors facing the situation. Higher state anxiety and inflexibility were present in those participants that avoided aggressive behaviors facing the situation; on the other hand, trait anxiety was present in those who reacted aggressively. Finally, higher anxiety and inflexibility were associated with the used moral disengagement mechanisms, but also with peers’ perception as sanctioning or being against the participants’ decision. The most aggressive students were more flexible and less stressed than those who tried to solve assertively. Expectations about peers seem to be relevant to the decision-making facing moral dilemmas and peer victimization.
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Kolko, David J. "6.4 Monitoring and Managing Coercion in the Home: Implications for Psychological Maltreatment." Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry 61, no. 10 (October 2022): S11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2022.07.046.
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Brown, Amy L., Maria Testa, and Terri L. Messman-Moore. "Psychological Consequences of Sexual Victimization Resulting From Force, Incapacitation, or Verbal Coercion." Violence Against Women 15, no. 8 (June 5, 2009): 898–919. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077801209335491.
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Wild, T. Cameron, Brenda Newton-Taylor, and Rosalia Alletto. "Perceived coercion among clients entering substance abuse treatment: structural and psychological determinants." Addictive Behaviors 23, no. 1 (January 1998): 81–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0306-4603(97)00034-8.
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Zuckerman, Adrian A. S. "Coercion and the Judicial Ascertainment of Truth." Israel Law Review 23, no. 2-3 (1989): 357–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021223700016770.
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The Commission of Inquiry into the Methods of Investigation of the General Security Service regarding Hostile Terrorist Activity dealt with the investigation methods which were practiced by the General Security Service (GSS) and which impinged on the rights of suspects.Suspects under interrogation have a number of rights: the right not to be physically or mentally injured or otherwise mistreated, the privilege against self-incrimination and a number of ancillary procedural rights, such as the right to consult a lawyer. The Commission concluded that the interests of combatting terrorism justify the suspension of these rights in whole or in part. It thought that the privilege against self-incrimination need not be accorded to terrorist suspects and, furthermore, that psychological and physical forms of pressure may be exerted on suspects in order to overcome their resistance to interrogation. The Commission accepted that a civilised criminal procedure has to reflect minimal standards of respect for the integrity of individuals. However, it found justification for the departure from normal procedures in an analogy to the doctrines of necessity and self-defence.
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Benbow, David I. "The Dizziness of Freedom: Understanding and Responding to Vaccine Anxieties." Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 49, no. 4 (2021): 580–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jme.2021.81.
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AbstractThe rise in vaccine hesitancy in high-income countries has led some to recommend that certain vaccinations be made compulsory in states where they are currently voluntary. In contrast, I contend that legal coercion is generally inappropriate to address the complex social and psychological phenomenon of vaccine anxieties.
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Rosen, Leora N., and Lee Martin. "Childhood Maltreatment History as a Risk Factor for Sexual Harassment Among U.S. Army Soldiers." Violence and Victims 13, no. 3 (January 1998): 269–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0886-6708.13.3.269.
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Four different types of childhood maltreatment were examined as predictors of unwanted sexual experiences and acknowledged sexual harassment among male and female active duty soldiers in the United States Army. Predictor variables included childhood sexual abuse, physical-emotional abuse, physical neglect, and emotional neglect. Three types of unwanted sexual experiences in the workplace were examined as outcome variables: gender harassment, unwanted sexual attention, and coercion. Both sexual and physical-emotional abuse during childhood were found to be predictors of unwanted sexual experiences and of acknowledged sexual harassment in the workplace. Among female soldiers, the most severe type of unwanted experience—coercion—was predicted only by childhood physical-emotional abuse. Among male soldiers childhood sexual abuse was the strongest predictor of coercion. A greater variety of types of childhood maltreatment predicted sexual harassment outcomes for male soldiers. Childhood maltreatment and adult sexual harassment were predictors of psychological well-being for soldiers of both genders.
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Gustavsson, Gina. "The Psychological Dangers of Positive Liberty: Reconstructing a Neglected Undercurrent in Isaiah Berlin's “Two Concepts of Liberty”." Review of Politics 76, no. 2 (2014): 267–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0034670514000084.
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AbstractBerlin is often taken to have exaggerated his case against positive liberty, since contrary to what he seems to argue, several versions of it do not logically justify coercion. A more historical interpretation of his warnings may save him from this accusation, yet on the other hand suggests his message is of little relevance for contemporary liberalism. In contrast to both these approaches, this essay considers a third and largely neglected aspect of “Two Concepts of Liberty,” that speaks more directly to the challenges facing liberalism today: Berlin's warning that positive liberty invites the specific kind of coercion that parades as liberation, and that it does so according to a psychologically predictable pattern. After reconstructing this undercurrent in Berlin's critique of positive liberty, this essay also considers the relevance of Berlin's warnings to contemporary European debates on banning the Muslim veil in the name of liberation.
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Maralov, Vladimir G., Vyacheslav A. Sitarov, Tatyana P. Maralova, and Larisa V. Romanyuk. "Psychological profiles of students prone to coercion (manipulation), non-violence and non-intervention." Perspectives of Science and Education 43, no. 1 (March 1, 2020): 282–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.32744/pse.2020.1.20.
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Berard, Lindsay D. H., Corey S. Mackenzie, Kristin A. Reynolds, Genevieve Thompson, Lesley Koven, and Brooke Beatie. "Choice, coercion, and/or muddling through: Older adults’ experiences in seeking psychological treatment." Social Science & Medicine 255 (June 2020): 113011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2020.113011.
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VASILYEVA, NATALIA S. "Legal Validity as a Psychological Fact: Uppsala School in an Intellectual Context of the Continental Legal Realism." Proceedings of the Institute of State and Law of the RAS 14, no. 4 (October 9, 2019): 47–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.35427/2073-4522-2019-14-4-vasilyeva.
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There are two traditions of determining the foundation of legal validity — metaphysical and anti-metaphysical. At the beginning of the 20th century the anti-metaphysical tradition was supplemented by psychological realism, which was developed in the framework of the Uppsala School and the psychological school of Leon Petrażycki. It is possible to trace the common line of reasoning on the problem of legal validity within Continental or psychological legal realism: from Petrażycki (and his students) and Axel Hägerström (and his students, including Alf Ross) to Enrico Pattaro. Psychological legal realism is an approach to law that can be characterized by 1) an orientation toward the study of law in the context of facts of psychophysical reality; 2) the idea of the psychological nature of law; 3) recognition of the authoritative-mystical nature and objectification of legal experiences; 4) the irreducibility of law to the behavioral aspect; etc.The term "Uppsala School of Legal Realism" denotes the theoretical legal position of scholars from Uppsala — Hagerström and his most faithful students, Anders Vilhelm Lundstedt and Karl Olivekrona — within the framework of a broader Scandinavian legal realism as part of the continental realistic tradition. The philosophical foundations of the Uppsala School of Legal Realism include: rejection of subjectivism and metaphysics, naturalism, non-cognitivism. This school paid special attention to questions on the possibility of scientific knowledge about law, the construction of a value-neutral theory, and the search for reliable methodological foundations for the science of law. The revolt against subjectivism and metaphysics led to the assertion that there is — and can be the subject of scientific knowledge — only one reality, namely spatio-temporal, psychophysical. Since legal concepts do not directly correspond to the facts of such a reality, they are considered as illusions and even magical formulas, which, however, are based on actual psychological facts and have an effect on people’s consciousness.In the framework of the Uppsala School from a realistic point of view law appears as a machinery of coercion, as a factual order based on the organized social force. Within that order the rules of law are independent imperatives and motives of behavior, which have a suggestive, binding effect on the consciousness and behavior of people. The validity of law is determined by the power of organized social coercion and is regarded as a complex phenomenon of the people’s inner world. As a complex psychical fact, legal validity is considered a psychological self-binding engendered by the physical coercion machinery in action and the influence of cultural, social and even biological factors.
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Takele, Abulie, and Tesfaye Setegn. "Sexual Coercion and Associated Factors among Female Students of Madawalabu University, Southeast Ethiopia." Advances in Public Health 2014 (2014): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/417517.
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Introduction. Violence against women, in its various forms, is an important social and public health problem in different communities around the world. Although violence against women is against the inalienable human right and resulted in physical, sexual, and psychological harm or suffering to women, little has been documented regarding its factors and distribution among youth population such as university students. Therefore, the objective of this study was to assess factors associated with sexual coercion among female students at Madawalabu University.Methods. This was a cross-sectional institution based study conducted on 411 female students which were selected by systematic random sampling from the list of female students. Data were collected in April 2012 using structured-interview administered questionnaire. Descriptive, binary, and multivariable logistic regression analysis were carried out using SPSS version 16.Result. In this study, the mean (±SD) age at first sex was 18.19 (+1.83) years. Lifetime and coercion in last twelve months were 163 (41.1%) and 101 (25.4%), respectively. Twenty-one (5.9%) of the respondents were raped. Being influenced/forced into unwanted sexual act 74 (18.6%) and having their genitalia/breast unwillingly touched 44 (11.1%) were reported as the commonest mechanisms of coercion. Age at first sex (17–19 years) (AOR = 0.241, 95% CI: 0.074, 0.765) and occasional alcohol use (AOR = 4.161, 95% CI: 1.386, 12.658) were significantly associated with coercion in the last twelve months.Conclusion. The overall lifetime sexual coercion was found to be 41.1%. In this study 6.8% of female students were raped and majority have had trial of rape. But 93.75% did not report to any legal body. With the existing prevalence and identified factors, the university should work towards minimizing the risk of sexual coercion through intensifying life skill peer education and assertiveness trainings.
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Tănase, Oleg. "Enshrining legal coercion as a prerogative of the rule of law." Scientific and informational bulletin of Ivano-Frankivsk University of Law named after King Danylo Halytskyi, no. 14(26) (December 12, 2022): 58–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.33098/2078-6670.2022.14.26.58-72.
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Purpose of the article is to study legal coercion as one of the traditional state management methods from the standpoint of the exclusive prerogative of the state to implement it. Methodology. The research uses a natural-law approach and a number of methods aimed at a systematic and meaningful analysis of the problems of state coercion, the most important of which are generalization, dialectical, historical and integrative methods. Results: it is resoned that the following grounds are necessary for the application of coercion: 1) the legal basis presupposes the presence of legal norms that provide for the possibility of applying coercion to certain subjects in concrete cases; 2) the factual basis presupposes the occurrence of the legal event provided for in the law - the event or act which generated the legal relationship; 3) the formal basis implies the issuing by the state body of the act of application of the law ordering the application of the constraint to a specific subject. The coercion as a physical action is applied by special state bodies on the basis of a court decision or administrative act. In the absence of such acts, coercion cannot be exercised. It is emphasized that the legal coercion applied by the state must involve proportionate measures and sanctions, in such a way that, on the one hand, it creates the necessary inhibiting factors in the conscience of those who would try to break the law and, on the other hand, it strengthens the feeling of security in others, inspiring them with the conviction that the law, the state, protects them and that they should not resort to non-state, unofficial means in order to take the law into their own hands. It is absolutely essential that the application of coercion should not be used to infringe the rights and freedoms of individuals or to cause physical or mental suffering. Only in such a situation will legal coercion contribute to the formation of the ethical attitude of citizens, increasing their psychological readiness to respect the law. Originality. This is one of the first studies devoted to the issue of legal coercion as the context of its use by the state in order to exercise its power in modern political and legal realities, including taking into account the experience of state formation in the Republic of Moldova. Practical significance. The results of the study can contribute to the improvement of law enforcement and human rights protection activities, to increase the level of legal culture at the current stage of social development, primarily in countries freed from communist totalitarianism. Key words: state, law, rule of law, legality, legal act, coercion, legal coercion, normativity.
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Hamby, Sherry, David B. Sugarman, and Sue Boney-McCoy. "Does Questionnaire Format Impact Reported Partner Violence Rates?: An Experimental Study." Violence and Victims 21, no. 4 (August 2006): 507–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0886-6708.21.4.507.
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Researchers assess partner violence using numerous formats, but whether questionnaire format affects obtained rates has rarely been examined. We compared paper-and-pencil versus computer administrations, and standard Revised Conflict Tactics Scales (CTS2) categories versus dichotomous (yes/no) response categories, in a 2 × 2 experiment with 160 undergraduate students. Differential validity was also examined for gender. Results provide some support for the use of all formats, although sexual coercion rates showed more measurement variability than reports of psychological aggression, physical assault, or injury. Sexual coercion effects also differed by gender. The standard CTS2 categories resulted in more disclosures than dichotomous categories for some variables. Differences between computer and paper-and-pencil formats were generally minimal. More attention to the effects of questionnaire design on disclosures of violence is urgently needed.
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Maralov, V. G., and V. A. Sitarov. "Influence of Irrational Beliefs and Sensitivity to a Person on Future Psychology Students’ Propensity to Coercion or Nonviolence." Sibirskiy Psikhologicheskiy Zhurnal, no. 81 (2021): 143–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/17267081/81/7.
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The relevance of the problem is due to the importance of identifying factors that determine the propensity of students to coercion or nonviolence, creating psychological and pedagogical conditions for the formation of the socionomic sphere of nonviolent competencies for future specialists at universities. The theoretical basis of the study was the position of nonviolence as a daily practice of interaction, by which we understand the ability of a person to choose from a number of possible alternatives that carry the least charge of coercion. The aim of the work was to study the influence of irrational beliefs and sensitivity to a person (interest, empathy, understanding and assistance) on the students’ tendency to coercion, manipulation, non-violence and non-interference in the processes of interaction with people. The hypothesis was tested that the tendency of students to coercion, manipulation, and noninterference will be due to expressed irrational beliefs and low level of sensitivity to a person and the tendency to non-violence will be explained by the absence of irrational beliefs and a high level of sensitivity to a person. The study involved 125 students of pedagogical and psychological faculties of the Moscow Humanitarian and Cherepovets State universities. The authors used questionnaires to identify the positions of interaction among students and sensitivity to a person, as well as a list of irrational beliefs proposed by A. Beck and A. Freeman. It is established that the tendency to both coercion and manipulation are determined by the beliefs of anti-social type and low sensitivity to the person. The tendency to manipulate the narcissistic beliefs, high interest in people and understanding them, at the same time the tendency to non-violence and non-interference are determined by beliefs of avoidant and dependent types with a low level of understanding people. And a tendency to non-interference is determined by beliefs of dependent type with unexpressed orientation on helping. The tendency to nonviolence is determined by the high sensitivity to a person and the absence of irrational beliefs of antisocial, passive-aggressive and narcissistic types. As a result, the conclusion is made about the need to form purposefully the ability to nonviolent interaction among students, which should include the work on awareness and overcoming irrational beliefs and the development of sensitivity to a person. The obtained results can be used in practical work with students on the formation of their nonviolent competencies.
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Contreras, Paola Michelle, Diya Kallivayalil, and Judith Lewis Herman. "Psychotherapy in the Aftermath of Human Trafficking: Working Through the Consequences of Psychological Coercion." Women & Therapy 40, no. 1-2 (October 3, 2016): 31–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02703149.2016.1205908.
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Kern, Sara G., and Zoë D. Peterson. "From Freewill to Force: Examining Types of Coercion and Psychological Outcomes in Unwanted Sex." Journal of Sex Research 57, no. 5 (October 8, 2019): 570–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00224499.2019.1671302.
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Peterson, Zoë D., and Sarah K. Buday. "Sexual coercion in couples with infertility: prevalence, gender differences, and associations with psychological outcomes." Sexual and Relationship Therapy 35, no. 1 (February 10, 2018): 30–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14681994.2018.1435863.
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Ducat, Wendy H., and Melanie J. Zimmer-Gembeck. "Romantic Partner Behaviours as Social Context: Measuring Six Dimensions of Relationships." Journal of Relationships Research 1, no. 1 (August 1, 2010): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1375/jrr.1.1.1.
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AbstractA new measure, Partner Behaviours as Social Context (PBSC), was developed and tested in two studies (N = 215, N = 316) and tested as a correlate of psychological wellbeing in a third (N = 157). Self-Determination Theory (Deci & Ryan, 2000) and related research has suggested that there are six important dimensions of partner behaviours, which should be associated with individual psychological need fulfilment, wellbeing and development. Three of these dimensions are positive, including warmth, or provision of love/affection; autonomy support, or supporting a partner's decisions; and structure, or being consistent and reliable. Three of these dimensions are negative, namely rejection, or ignoring/being hostile to a partner; coercion, or being controlling/demanding; and chaos, or unpredictability. Factor analysis supported the six-dimensional construct. The six PBSC dimensions, positive and negative subscales and total score had good distributional properties, high internal consistency, related as expected to other relationship quality measures, and diverged from most personality constructs. All PBSC scales were related to wellbeing, with some behaviours more related than others. For example, coercion was strongly associated with compromised wellbeing, while warmth showed weak, positive associations with positive functioning. The PBSC is expected to have utility in both research and clinical settings.
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Echterhoff, Gerald, Jens H. Hellmann, Mitja D. Back, Joscha Kärtner, Nexhmedin Morina, and Guido Hertel. "Psychological Antecedents of Refugee Integration (PARI)." Perspectives on Psychological Science 15, no. 4 (May 11, 2020): 856–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1745691619898838.
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The successful management of refugee immigration, including refugee integration in host societies, requires a sound understanding of underlying psychological processes. We propose the psychological antecedents of refugee integration (PARI) model, highlighting perceived forcedness (i.e., coercion and loss of control from “push” factors) and ensuing perils (risks and potential suffering during migration) as distinctive factors of refugee (vs. voluntary) migration. According to our model, perceptions and subjective representations of forcedness and associated perils activate specific psychological processes relevant to refugee integration and thus moderate responses to the demands and stressors of the immigration situation. We conceptualize these distinctive influences for integration-relevant processes in both refugees and in residents. By pinpointing the unique features of refugee migration, PARI generates novel and specific hypotheses about psychological processes predicting refugee integration. For instance, refugees’ memories of forcedness and associated perils should lead to a high level of preoccupation with the restoration of basic needs after arrival in a receiving country that interferes with integration-related activities. Conversely, residents’ perceptions of forcedness and related perils may enhance empathy with refugees but may also magnify feelings of anxiety and threat. Implications for refugee integration are discussed for the domains of occupational work, education, and mental health.