Journal articles on the topic 'Psychodiagnostics Case studies'
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1
Belokopytov, Yu N., and G. V. Panasenko. "Diagnostics of an anomalous personality." Professional education in the modern world 10, no. 4 (January 30, 2021): 4321–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.20913/2618-7515-2020-4-16.
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It is necessary for a clinical psychologist to determine adequately whether a person is structurally normal or abnormal. Such a diagnosis prejudges work with the person either in the penal system or in the health care one. Several hundred professional tests are successfully used in professional psychology and clinical medicine. It should be noted that most of them have been developed in clinical medicine and foreign psychiatric clinics. The article analyzes in detail the projective tests as a clinical method of psychodiagnostics. Rorschach test, Shondi test, M. Luscher color test, TAT method, and others are the most popular among the specialists. Their distinctive feature from questionnaires is that the obtained result processing is not quantitative, but qualitative. Patient diagnosis depends on the experience and value orientations of a clinical psychologist and psychiatrist. Scientific schools and the culture of various countries play a significant role in this. Although there are certain international criteria for the diagnosis of personality. They are based on DSM–IV diagnostic table. Its indicators are more intended for a psychiatrist and psychotherapist. The authors raise a very unequivocal problem of using personal questionnaires from a legal point of view. Foreign studies reveal the impact of clinicians on the criminal law system, as well as the impact of legislation on the psychiatric clinics system. In the late XX century, a complex forensic psychological and psychiatric examination (CSTI) appeared at the junction of the expert application of psychiatry and psychology. It is important to note that the objects of its research are persons with borderline neuropsychiatric disorders and character anomalies. A key aspect in the activities of professional psychologists and psychiatrists is studying the validity in diagnosis using a case of the «Picture of a Man»(RFC) test. The results of foreign studies have shown that the decisions that clinical psychologists make about their patients are nothing more than a projection of their preconceived opinions. Thus, when making a fateful decision for each individual person, in no case should one make mistakes.
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Sirghie, Rodica Eugenia, and Ioan Bradu Iamandescu. "Bio-psycho-social factors with occupational risk in Anesthesy and Intensive Care staff." Romanian Medical Journal 62, no. 3 (September 30, 2015): 266–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.37897/rmj.2015.3.10.
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Profesional stress affects, among physicians, those who practise some medical specialities as oncology, neurosurgery, emergency medicine etc. and especially physicians of anesthesy intensive care units (AIC). Literature data concerning activity of AIC professionals evidentiate the high frequency of burnout syndrome, which may be considered as a first stage of a lot of troubles like behavioral, psychosomatic and psychiatrical ones. Daily distress encountered in AIC physicians and nurses is provoked mainly by the occupational pressure which cumulates the effects of many stressors, they are specific for this profession: overload (intensive and prolonged work – physically and psychically demanding, limited rest and sleep), high emotional tension (working with patients who are at the limit of life, time pressure, danger of severe drugs intolerance etc.), and some strong relational difficulties. These psycho-social stressors are not enough compensated during the recuperation period and act also in an aggravating manner on the frail personality wich is predisposed to anxiety, depression and psychosomatic pathology. After one presentation of general occupational distress, authors have synthesized the causes of burnout syndrome – specific for the AIC unities – and suggested the opportunity for a professional selection in the candidates for AIC speciality, based on psychodiagnostic evaluation.
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Kostina, Tetiana O., and Iryna S. Bulakh. "RESULTS OF ADAPTATION OF “GENDER BIAS QUIZ” QUESTIONNAIRE IN THE UKRAINIAN LANGUAGE." Scientific Notes of Ostroh Academy National University: Psychology Series 1, no. 13 (June 24, 2021): 89–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.25264/2415-7384-2021-13-89-94.
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The article presents the results of a theoretical analysis of the literature, which showed the presence of a significant number of gender biases in scientific research of the last century. Modern research, on the contrary, shows a tendency to rethink established gender stereotypes and move away from neurosexism. The desire of modern scientists to create science beyond gender stereotypes is growing. It is emphasized that in Ukraine, there is a tradition of research on gender issues. It is noted that today there is an insufficient number of psychodiagnostic tools in the Ukrainian language, which can be used to study the gender beliefs of an individual. The article aims to present the adaptation of the English-language questionnaire “Gender Bias Quiz” into Ukrainian. Research methods are: system-structural analysis, generalization of scientific literature data to the requirements of adapting the psychodiagnostic tool and evaluating its reliability, methods of mathematical statistics (Cronbach’s Alpha criterion and Pearson correlation coefficient). The reliability assessment of the “Gender Bias Quiz” questionnaire included an assessment of internal consistency and retest reliability. The procedure for adapting the psychodiagnostic tool met the necessary criteria: sufficient sample size for this type of questionnaire (n=52), representativeness of the sample (adolescence students), the required time interval between the first testing and the second one (1 month). The sample consisted of 52 students aged 17 to 24 years (M=21, SD=1.71). The results of checking the questionnaire`s reliability based on the internal consistency indicator using Cronbach's α showed its sufficient level (α=0.87).Retest reliability was checked by calculating the correlation coefficient between the results of the first test (M=39.83; SD=10.2) and the repeated test (M=39.29; SD=11.9). The correlation analysis performed showed a significant level of correlation (r=0.89 at p≤0.001), which indicates fairly high retest reliability of the psychodiagnostic tool. For the correct use of this questionnaire, some limitations were outlined: 1) the adaptation of the methodology took place on students, so it can be used in the study of gender attitudes of youth personality; application on representatives of other age categories requires an additional adaptation procedure; 2) this questionnaire does not belong to standardized psychological methods but is actually a questionnaire that studies the respondent's opinion on the gender issue; therefore, the definition of statistical norms based on the results obtained from this questionnaire is not correct in this case. It should be noted that the application of this questionnaire has significant potential in cross-cultural comparisons of gender biases of representatives of different countries and regions. The results of the questionnaire adaptation procedure showed a sufficient level of reliability of the questionnaire and confirmed the possibility of using it as a psychodiagnostic tool for studying the gender attitudes of a young person. We see the prospect of further research in expanding the boundaries of using the questionnaire: adaptation to other age categories of respondents.
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Ioannou, Christos I., Julia Hafer, André Lee, and Eckart Altenmuller. "Epidemiology, Treatment Efficacy, and Anxiety Aspects of Music Students Affected by Playing-Related Pain: A Retrospective Evaluation with Follow-up." Medical Problems of Performing Artists 33, no. 1 (March 1, 2018): 26–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.21091/mppa.2018.1006.
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OBJECTIVES: Playing-related pain (PRP) is a common problem among music students. We retrospectively assessed epidemiological factors that contributed to the manifestation of PRP and evaluated the efficacy of treatment methods used by affected music students. The long-term course of PRP symptoms was also examined, along with current (today) levels of trait anxieties. METHODS: Demographic and epidemiological data of 186 music students who visited the musicians' outpatient clinic over a 5-year period were retrieved. Of these students, 122 had been diagnosed with PRP and were invited to participate (response rate 61.5%) in a follow-up online survey to: a) estimate the long-term course of their PRP symptoms, b) assess the efficacy of treatment methods they used, and c) assess their current trait anxiety (general and performance-related) using two standardized psychodiagnostic questionnaires. RESULTS: Two-thirds of music students who sought medical care were affected by PRP, with most being affected during their first year of studies, and with 69% having acute rather than chronic pain. The sudden increase in practice time was the main triggering factor for PRP (but not for non-PRP-related problems). Concerning the course of PRP, almost all students recovered or improved significantly. Students reported that "active" treatment methods (e.g., physical activities) were more effective than "passive" methods (e.g., oral medications). Psychodiagnostic questionnaires indicated that about 40% of PRP-affected students currently had increased levels of trait anxieties (music and non-music related), possibly warranting further medical assistance. CONCLUSIONS: PRP in music students occurs mainly at the beginning of their studies and has a good prognosis, although recovery may be lengthy. It is necessary to provide students with early information about PRP and about the multidimensional treatment framework that allows for individualized care of PRP in affected music students.
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Arinicheva, O. V., and A. V. Malishevsky. "A study of the socionic characteristics of males and females for improving the reliability of aptitude screening of aviation specialists." Dependability 21, no. 1 (March 24, 2021): 45–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.21683/1729-2646-2021-21-1-45-54.
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Aim. This article continues the series of studies aimed at improving the aptitude screening of commercial aviation personnel. The socionic characteristics of a human operator define his/her work with information flows, and their significance is the higher, the greater is the time shortage they have to deal with as part of their professional activities, therefore, in this paper, those characteristics were examined as professionally important qualities of both a pilot, and an air traffic controller. The task consisted in evaluating the socionic characteristics of male and female control room specialists, who have successfully completed aptitude screening in commercial aviation, identifying the presence or absence of differences between the obtained results. Additionally, for the sake of comparison, the research covered the socionic characteristics of males and females, whose professional activities have nothing to do with technology. In total, the study includes data of over 3116 tested persons. Methods. The 5-th modification of the MM-1 socionic test developed by the Saint Petersburg State University of Civil Aviation was used as the psychodiagnostic method for estimating constituent socionic characteristics. The obtained samples were primarily compared using Pearson’s chi-squared test. The results were also processed using correlation analysis. Results. The paper presents socionic portraits,i.e. the distribution of the dominating components of the human socionic model among various samples, socionic models of various professional groups (human socionic model for a typical member of a sample), as well as graphical data per individual psychological dichotomies: “extraversion – introversion”, “logic – ethics”, “sensorics – intuition”, “rationality – irrationality”. Conclusions. The identified differences between the studied samples are primarily professional in their nature, i.e. comparing samples of individuals from the same professional group and approximately the same age, but different gender, in no case reliable differences were identified. Thus, no fundamental gender-specific differences were identified by the socionic psychodiagnostic method used as part of this work. However, the analysis of a number of Russian and foreign sources dedicated to gender differences suggests that improving the reliability of aptitude screening of aviation specialists requires further research involving the evaluation of the differences in the expression of the necessary professionally significant qualities of control room specialists, not by criterion of biological sex, but rather in accordance with the identified gender-related personality type.
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Salden, V. I. "Psychodiagnostic examination of patients with somatic pathology who use alcohol with harmful effects." Archives of psychiatry 25, no. 2 (June 19, 2019): 119–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.37822/2410-7484.2019.25.2.119-120.
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Background. The use of alcohol is one of the most urgent medical and social problems of our time. Mental and behavioral disorders, severe somatic effects, especially significant in young and old age, require early diagnosis and therapeutic measures. An important part is the organization of timely and effective assistance to patients who drink alcohol and have mental and physical disorders in outpatient general-somatic health care institutions.
Objective – to investigate the clinical and psychological peculiarities of patients with somatic pathology who use alcohol with harmful effects by psychodiagnostic and clinical and psychopathological research.
Materials and methods. The research was conducted among patients who had a somatic complaints and have been consulted by family doctor in institutions of outpatient assistance in the general area of the Solomyansky district of Kyiv.
The total number of investigated persons was 300 persons, of which 240 thematic patients were selected. Patients, subject to informed consent, were inspected using the standardized card developed by us, which includes the following psychodiagnostic techniques: AUDIT-tests; Patient health questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9); Hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADS); Type of accentuation of personality character; methodology “State of health, activity, mood”; method of coping with stress on the COPE questionnaire (Cultivating Optimal Personal Experiences). In this contingent, the clinical-psychological peculiarities that were compared with the somatic complaints with which patients turned to a family doctor with a general diagnosis, which was previously documented in a patient's medical card, was studied.
Results. Analyzing the patient's mental state by the method of PHQ-9, it was revealed that the greater number of the surveyed patients had mild depression – 47,5%; moderate depression had 22,5%; moderate severity – 11%. Severe depression in patients had not detected. In 19%, the depressive component was absent, the nature of the complaints had a somatogenic background.
According to the results obtained by the HADS method, the level of anxiety was 41,6% and corresponded to the boundary status category; pathological conditions not detected; and patients of the category standard are 58,4%. The level of depression revealed patients with boundary conditions – 47,5%; pathological conditions - were not observed. In turn, the patients who did not find signs of depression were 52,5%.
When investigating the nature of the state of health, the activity and mood of respondents using the method «State of health, activity, mood», we can conclude that all the average indicators for the three types of survey were «disadvantaged» category. That is, the somatic complaints of patients took place on a pathogenic background of various aspects of life: state of health, activity, mood fluctuations were much lower than normal.
The obtained results of the study of the accentuation of the personality of the surveyed were as follows: the number of accrued persons among the general group of respondents was 28,5%. An alarming type of accentuation was detected in 7,5% of the people, demonstrative – 6%, exalted – 5%, hypertensive – 3%, cyclothymic – 2,5%, and others. The majority of respondents had three types of accentuations – anxiety, demonstrative type, exaltation, somewhat less – hypertensive type, cyclothymic type and other kinds. The ratio of their illness to respondents coincided, respectively, with the features of accentuation.
Using the method of coping with stress on the COPE questionnaire (Cultivating Optimal Personal Experiences), the most characteristic variants of the coping behavior of these patients were highlighted. The most significant aspect was the use of soothing agents. Properly for the surveyed there was a «denial». Regarding the use of alcohol, the researchers generally did not recognize this as a painful passion, arguing that using these substances, they behave like most others.
Conclusions. Based on the results obtained, it was determined that the presence in patients with somatic pathology who use alcohol with harmful effects, both anxiety and depressive disorders in the mental sphere, accentuations of nature, the peculiarity of behavioral responses to a stressful situation explains the exacerbation of their somatic state.
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Kosenko, K. A. "Analysis of severity and variability of psychopathology disturbances in structure mental health disorders in long-distance sailors depending on their levels of psychosocial stress." Медицина сьогодні і завтра 85, no. 4 (December 20, 2019): 69–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.35339/msz.2019.85.04.10.
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Using clinical-psychopathological and psychodiagnostic methods, we studied the severity and variability of psychopathological symptoms in the structure of mental health disorders in seafarers, depending on the level of psychosocial stress they experienced, to determine the targets of personalized mental health care measures for this contingent. During 2016–2019, 110 officers of the command staff of the Maritime Merchant Navy (CMN), 90 sailors of the Maritime Merchant Navy (SMN), 70 representatives of the command staff of the Maritime Passenger Fleet (CPF) and 30 privates of the Maritime Passenger Fleet (SPF) were surveyed. All were examined by men, citizens of Ukraine. The study included the use of clinical-psychopathological and psychodiagnostic methods. In the inter-voyage period, the vast majority of long-distance sailors are either mentally healthy (30.9 % CMN, 41.1 % SMN, 42.9 % CPF, 33.3 % SPF), or have some signs of mental maladaptation (52.7 % CMN, 37.7 % SMN, 44.3 % CPF, 40.0 % SPF). Clinically delineated disorders of the neurotic register of the F43 cluster (adaptation disorders) are characterized by 26.7 % SPF, 21.1 % SMN, 16.4 % CMN and 12.8 % CPF. The severity and variability of psychopathological manifestations, in general in the sample, correspond to the neurotic level of response, however, have differences among the examined different groups. The greatest severity of symptoms of depression on the background of high levels of anxiety, hostility and psychosis is inherent in SPF, and the greatest severity of anxiety, phobic anxiety, hostility and somatization is inherent in CMN. The lowest severity of psychopathological symptoms is characteristic of CPF. The severity and variability of psychopathological manifestations is directly associated with the level of stress experienced by the subjects: with increasing stress burden, the severity of the psychopathological response increases. The identified patterns should be taken into account in the development of specific measures of psychotherapy and psychoprophylaxis for this contingent, which is the prospect of this study.
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Krasinskaya, Elena. "Certains aspects of using a lies detector for the investigation of crimes." Полицейская деятельность, no. 3 (March 2021): 13–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.7256/2454-0692.2021.3.35751.
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The author describes particular theoretical aspects of psychophysiological research with the help of a lie detector, and their role in the investigation of crimes. The research object is the current condition of the theory and practice of using a polygraph. The research subject is the problems of using the results of lie detector testing, their interpretation and role in criminal investigation. The purpose of the research is to study the principles of using, and the options of a lie detector and polygraph examiners, and to define the importance of such a type of research for the investigation of crimes. The research methodology is based on general scientific research methods including analysis and generalization, and specific methods: observation and analysis of psychodiagnostic research. The scientific novelty of the research consists in the comprehensive analysis of the theory and practice of using a polygraph based on the case studies of particular investigations. The author arrives at the conclusion about a further analysis of legal, technical and practical problems of using a polygraph in criminal proceedings, for the purpose of the consideration of the idea about the legislative consolidation of such a research as a proof, which determines the importance of the topic of the research. The practical importance consists in the possibility to use the research results during the evaluation of the polygraph testing and the consideration of the examiner’s report as a proof in the criminal investigation.
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Kryvytskyi, V. A. "Analysis of interpersonal interaction features in patients with chronic prostatitis with different status of marriage satisfaction." Медицина сьогодні і завтра 85, no. 4 (December 20, 2019): 79–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.35339/msz.2019.85.04.11.
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The features of interpersonal interaction in patients with chronic prostatitis and their wives, to determine, in the future, the targets of medical and psychological care for this contingent were studied. 109 men with chronic prostatitis and their wives were examined. According to the criterion of presence / absence of marital satisfaction, the surveyed couples were divided into two groups. The first group included 73 (67.0 %) couples with low or reduced levels of marital satisfaction. The second included 36 (33.0 %) married couples who were satisfied with their own relationship. The comprehensive examination included, in addition to standard clinical methods, a clinical-psychological and psychodiagnostic study. By common disharmonious interpersonal patterns, which contributed to the development of marital dissatisfaction, which led to secondary trauma to spouses due to the formation of inadequate psychological response to chronic prostatitis in men and related sexual dysfunction, identified such deformations of family communication as reduction of trust, mutual understanding, ease and psychotherapy; prevalence of signs of distrustful-skeptical, straightforward-aggressive, dependent or submissive patterns of interpersonal behavior; dominance of aggression (32.9 %) or avoidance (67.1 %) as the leading strategies of psychological protection in communication. The obtained data should be taken into account when developing measures of medical and psychological assistance to married couples in which the husband has chronic prostatitis.
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Bereskin, D., and I. A. Gorbunov. "Features of Bioelectric Activity of the Cerebral Cortex and Thinking Disorders in Children with Various Borderline Disorders of Residual Organic Genesis." Experimental Psychology (Russia) 14, no. 1 (2021): 151–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/exppsy.2021140107.
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The article presents the results of a study of the features of cognitive function and bioelectric activity cerebral cortex in children with borderline mental disorders of residually organic genesis. 80 children participated with the following diagnoses: organic emotionally labile [asthenic] disorder [F 06.06]; inorganic enuresis [F 98.0], encopresis [F 98.1], stereotypical motor disorders [F 98.4], other specified emotional and behavioral disorders with onset usually occurring in childhood [F 98.8]. The features of bioelectric activity of the cerebral cortex, the ability to spatial analysis and synthesis, arithmetic counting, assimilation of logical and grammatical structures, the presence of viscosity, detail and diversity intellectual activity were studied in children. Data of electroencephalographic examinations were compared with the results of psychodiagnostic methods using the methods of mathematical statistics. Differences of bioelectric activity and features of thinking in children were investigated depending on features of boundary disorder. It is shown that on the background of asthenization more pronounced cognitive impairment is observed. Children with asthenic disorders [06.06] have the largest scatter of data than patients with enuresis [F98.0], encopresis [F 98.1], stereotypical movement disorders [F 98.4], disorders of behavior [F 98.8]. At the same time, on average, they have the most significant violations of thinking, what happens against the background of increasing spectral power of low-frequency activity of delta and theta rhythms in general, as well as of delta rhythm in the frontal part of the brain. Increase of low-frequency activity in the frontal lobes of both hemispheres leads to more pronounced disorders of thinking, than similar changes in the temporal, parietal, occipital regions of the right hemisphere and speech zones of the left hemisphere. In the first case, they are manifested in violations of spatial analysis and synthesis, viscosity, detail and diversity of thinking, as well as in difficulties in the semantic and symbolic activity, in the assimilation of logical and grammatical structures and arithmetic. In the second case — only in violations of spatial analysis and synthesis, viscosity, detail and diversity of thinking.
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Korostiy, Volodymyr, and Iryna Blazhina. "Cognitive impairments in patients with treatment resistant epilepsy and complex rehabilitation." Inter Collegas 8, no. 2 (July 21, 2021): 123–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.35339/ic.8.2.123-129.
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Background. The study of features of comorbid pathology in patients with epilepsy is of particular interest due to the high prevalence of this pathology and a significant impact on the quality of life of patients and their social adaptation. Aim. The aim of the research was to detect versatile cognitive impairments and affective disorders in epilepsy, and to study the results of cognitive training and psychoeducation. Materials and methods. The theoretical analysis of modern scientific researches in the field of cognitive and affective impairments during epilepsy was carried out. We studied the features of clinical and psychopathological manifestations in patients, suffering from epilepsy. The study covered 146patients (85 men and 61 women) who were in inpatient care. The following psychodiagnostic techniques were used: the MOCA test, the Toronto Cognitive Assessment (TorCA), the MiniMult test, the Münsterberg test, the quality of life scale, the Hamilton scale of depression and anxiety. Results. This publication offers the results of a study of cognitive and affective disorders the quality of life in patients who suffer from epilepsy and the results of online cognitive training and psychoeducation. We found cognitive decline in 88% of patients with epilepsy and improvement of cognitive functions by methods of non-pharmacological correction. Conclusions. Affective and cognitive disorders significantly affects the quality of life of patients, their ability to work and socialization. The conducted research showed that compared to the control group of healthy persons, patients with epilepsy showed improvement in their cognitive decline, anxiety and depressive disorders. Cognitive online training appeared to be effective for the patients with epilepsy.
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Pidlubnyi, V. L. "Prognostic and socio-economic significance of using the mental health assessment system model." Zaporozhye Medical Journal 23, no. 2 (April 16, 2021): 286–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.14739/2310-1210.2021.2.205344.
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In modern psychiatric discourse, the problem of developing preventive measures aimed at timely detection and prevention of mental disorders exacerbation among the general population has not lost its relevance. In this context, special attention is paid to non-psychotic mental disorders, as the most common and masked form of mental pathology, in workers of industrial enterprises, as the least studied category of persons with a specific pool of biopsychosocial factors affecting their mental health. The aim of the work is to evaluate the prognostic and socio-economic significance of the principles of a systematic approach to mental health assessment in the contingent of industrial workers. Contingents and methods. On the basis of Municipal Non-Commercial Enterprise “Regional Clinical Institution for Provision of Psychiatric Care” of Zaporizhzhia Regional Council, 982 workers of industrial enterprises, who underwent a preventive psychiatric examination according to the Order of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine No. 1465 dated December 27, 2000, were examined after obtaining their informed consent. Clinical-epidemiological, clinical-psychopathological, clinical-analytical, psychodiagnostic and statistical methods were used in the study. As a basic tool for the study was the “Basic Chart for Clinical and Epidemiological Studies”, which included socio-demographic and anamnestic data, a clinical component describing the symptoms and syndromes. Results. It was revealed that the following factors had the greatest influence on the development of psycho-maladjustment in the workers of industrial enterprises: moderate workload, increased occupational noise levels, female, age 50–60 years. The development of neurotic, stress-related and somatoform disorders were mostly associated with moderate workload, night shift work, 12-hour duty, occupational dust exposure, female, age 50–60 years, emotional tension. The development of personality and behavior disorders was due to an overall length of service of 5–10 years, length of specialized service up to 10 years, moderate workload, age 18–29 years. The development of mental disorders related to brain dysfunction resulted from the overall length of service up to 40 years, moderate workload, manual work, occupational vibration and heat exposure, female, age 50–60 years, periodical alcohol consumption. Conclusions. The identified factors for non-psychotic mental disorders were divided according to the criterion of their correction possibility and structured into blocks for mental health assessment within the developed diagnostic and psychoprophylactic model.
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Khianikiainen, I. V., and V. A. Mikhailov. "ALGORITHM OF PSYCHOLOGICAL AND PSYCHOTHERAPEUTIC SUPPORT OF PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC CEREBRAL ISCHEMIA." Scientific Notes of the I. P. Pavlov St. Petersburg State Medical University 25, no. 2 (September 5, 2018): 52–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.24884/1607-4181-2018-25-2-52-56.
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Introduction. Nowadays, it is important to study the mechanisms of psychological adaptation in patients with early stage of chronic cerebral ischemia (ES CCI) from the standpoint of biopsychosocial approach. The objective of the study was to develop the algorithm for identifying psychosocial characteristics of patients with ES CCI and providing them with psychotherapeutic care. Material and methods. 280 patients with ES CCI developed against a background of arterial hypertension and/or cerebral atherosclerosis (middle age 53.9±8.1 years (from 30 to 72 years) gender index 1:1) were selected for the study. The control group included healthy individuals comparable to those in the main group according to gender and age characteristics (n=32, middle age 52.4±6.5 years (31–65 years), gender index 1:1, p>0.05 ). The panel of psychological methods was used to identify the individual psychological and socio-environmental factors in patients with ES CCI.Results and conclusions. A three-stage algorithm of psychological and psychotherapeutic support of patients with early stage of chronic cerebral ischemia (ES CCI) was developed and tested by the multidisciplinary team of specialists. At the stage of opportunistic screening, the neurologist used express methods for diagnosing cognitive (Mini-test of mental state), emotional (Hospital scale of anxiety and depression), vegetative disorders (the Wayne test) among the studied persons. At the stage of selective screening, the medical psychologist performed systemic psychodiagnostics of the ES CCI. At the stage of treatment, a correction was made: psychovegetative disorders by progressive muscular relaxation; anxiety-depressive manifestations – cognitive re-attribution according to A. Beck; obsessive-phobic disorders – direct motivated suggestion in reality with elements of clarification and persuasion. The indicators of the effectiveness of psychological and psychotherapeutic correction in patients with ES CCI were: positive dynamics of the Scale of quality of life SF-36 and regression of integrative indicators of the Scale of psychopathological manifestations of SCL-90-R – «Index of overall severity of symptoms» and «Total number of affirmative answers». Thus, the algorithm described above is suitable for use in practical healthcare for optimizing individual therapeutic strategies.
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Kashirsky, Dmitry V., and O. V. Myasnikova. "Phenomenon of Self-Objectification in Women: Analysis of foreign Studies and a View through the Prism of Russian Psychology." National Psychological Journal 40, no. 4 (2020): 61–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.11621/npj.2020.0405.
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Background. At present, self-objectification of females is a very common phenomenon, reflecting the desire of women to meet the standards accepted in the society and manifested in excessive (even pathological) care of achieving the “ideal” appearance. This phenomenon was under study in various foreign psychological concepts and approaches, and especially in the theory of B. Fredrickson and T.E. Roberts. However, despite similar research in Russian psychology, the phenomenon has not been disclosed within Russian psychological methodology. In this regard, it is very important to analyze foreign publications for the subsequent development of an integrative approach to the study of self-objectification in females in the context of Russian psychology. Looking into this phenomenon from the standpoint of Russian psychological methodology would be useful for developing methods of assessment, intervention, and psychotherapeutic assistance for Russian girls and women experiencing psychological problems due to negative self-objectification. The Objective is to conduct a theoretical analysis of the phenomenon of women’s self-objectification in line with the national cultural-historical and activity methodology. Design. The paper provides a review of the publications on self-objectification in females which is analytical in its nature. In the paper, the basic approaches to the study of the phenomenon of self-objectification in females in foreign psychology are determined, and also the ways to understand the phenomenon in the context of the Russian psychological tradition proposed in the works of L.S. Vygotsky, A.N. Leontiev, S.L. Rubinstein developed by their students and the followers are shown. Results. The phenomenon of self-objectification in females is considered within the context of fundamental issues of psychology — the relationship of ‘outer’ and ‘inner’ contents, and particularly, within the framework of the subject-activity approach of S.L. Rubinstein and the activity theory of A.N. Leontiev. The role of the “social situation of the development” (L.S. Vygotsky) in the development self-objectification in females is shown. The mechanism of interiorization as a female’s adoption of the social ideas and attitudes is described. The process of interiorization is considered through three facets: individualization, intimization, and production of consciousness. The phenomenon of self-objectification was interpreted through the lenses of L.S. Vygotsky ideas about the intertwining of two domains of mental development in ontogenesis, i.e. the biological maturation of a person and the processes of mastering culture, and also within the notions of cultural-historical defectology. Conclusion. The research results contribute to expanding the scientific theoretical views of psychologists working within the national methodology to shape the phenomenon of self-objectification in females, which could facilitate further understanding of this theoretical construct and increase the number of empirical works in the research area. Female self-objectification through the prism of the Russian research methodology will contribute to the methodological status of this issue, enriching the idea of female self-objectification primarily at the philosophical (worldview) level and at the general scientific level of methodology (E.G. Yudin). All these will increase the interpretative capabilities of the concept. The materials of the paper can contribute to developing an integrative approach for understanding female self-objectification. The findings can be sufficient for creating methods of psychodiagnostics and psychotherapy for girls and women experiencing psychological problems due to the negative impact of self-objectification.
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Yurtsenyuk, O. S. "The ways to overcome stress in student learning activity." Archives of psychiatry 25, no. 3 (September 18, 2019): 160–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.37822/2410-7484.2019.25.3.160-163.
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Background. Stress is an integral part in the life of a contemporary man. The problem of stress is especially acute in the field of higher professional activity. Student learning activity has been always associated with a high level of stressful tension. In case of a long stress effect and when students do not have skills of its positive overcoming, stress can result in occurrence of psychosomatic diseases, non-psychosomatic psychic disorders (NPD), formation of educational neglect, disorders of personality and professional development of the personality, which stipulate the topicality of the given work.
Objective – to examine the ways of overcoming stress among students depending on NPD available, gender and the course of education.
Materials and methods. 1235 students of both genders were examined comprehensively including 852 students (68,99%) from the Higher State Educational Establishment of Ukraine “Bukovinian State Medical University” and 383 students (31,01%) from Yuriy Fedkovych Chernivtsi National University. An average age of those involved in the study was 20,15±0,05. The following methods were applied: clinical, psychodiagnostic and statistical.
Results. The conducted study found that most often students used the following means to overcome stress: sleep – 70,35% and 71,24% in І and ІІ groups respectively; walking in the open air – 58,99% and 60,02%; tasty food – 58,04% and 52,51%; communication with friends – 56,78% and 57,41% (р≥0,05). A reliable majority of students with NPD during the first examination indicated that they used cigarettes as a means to get over stress (34,38%) against 13,18% of students without NPD, and alcohol (26,81% and 13,73% respectively) (р<0,05).
Conclusions. Therefore, the conducted study did not find any reliable gender differences in the choice of means to get over stress. The number of smoking students increases with every next year getting its maximum at the 4th year of studies. It decreases a little at the 5th year which should be considered in planning of preventive and therapeutic measures. Our comprehensive treatment of students with NPD reduced the rate of smoking 2,09 times, from 33,80% to 16,19% (р<0,05), which is indicative of its high effect.
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Davydova, Oksana V. "THE EFFECTIVENESS OF MINDFULNESS PSYCHOTHERAPEUTIC PRACTICES IN THE REGULATION OF STRESS RESISTANCE IN ADOLESCENCE." Scientific Notes of Ostroh Academy National University: Psychology Series 1, no. 13 (June 24, 2021): 96–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.25264/2415-7384-2021-13-96-103.
Full textAbstract:
The article is devoted to the theoretical study and empirical research of the effectiveness of mindfulness psychotherapeutic practices in the regulation of stress resistance in adolescence. It is theoretically determined that the consequences of stress are manifested in increased anxiety, irritability, emotional tension, fatigue, insomnia, etc. Stress resistance is associated with the tendency of the individual to be responsible for events in his life and the results of their activities; adolescence is experimental for identifying by a personality the stress coping strategies that are not always productive. It is noted that in Ukraine the direction of studying the mindfulness problem is currently at the origins of its development. Scientific attempts are being made to determine the role of mindfulness in various aspects of reducing personal stress, the ability to influence stress resistance processes by improving the mental health culture, through the formation of values and competencies in recognizing their own psychological problems, but but scientists have paid insufficient attention to the implementation of the role of mindfulness practices in the educational space, establishing relationships between the mindfulness characteristics and students’ stress resistance. This refers to the fact that the development of stress resistance involves a variety of technologies, including psychotherapy. It is pointed out that one of the new achievements of psychological science is the introduction of mindfulness practices in the educational space, as the priority of the educational environment is to find ways of effective psychological care, technologies of psychological support for young people, minimization of distressing phenomena in schools. The following mindfulness techniques are singled out: meditative techniques, which include relaxation and developmental effects, teach to be fully present “here and now” and to notice the usual states of our consciousness. It is noted that the awareness factor helps to calm down, stabilize well-being, return from thoughts to the actual students’ experience of the “here and now” situation, turn on the consciousness state of “just being”, plays a significant role in choosing behaviors in difficult life circumstances. The mindfulness psychotherapeutic practices effectiveness in the stress resistance regulation in adolescence through the prism of empirical measurement is determined. A sample of respondents was formed on the basis of the lyceum “Olympus” №30 in Kremenchuk. The total number of respondents is 70 adolescents (15-17 years old). The results of the summative assessment are highlighted. The results of using a comprehensive psychodiagnostic methodology are analyzed: Cognitive and Affective Mindfulness Scale – Revised, CAMS – R (Feldman, G., Hayes); the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS) K. L. Gratz, L.Roemer, the “Man in the rain” graphic psychodiagnostic technique During the empirical research, the theoretical results of the Ukrainian scientists studies on a problem of stress resistance are generalized and features of students’ behavior strategies in stressful situations by the “Man in the rain” technique are distinguished empirically. Therefore, the novelty of the study is in figuring out the characteristics of students’ psychological states according to the following criteria of comfort / discomfort: resourcefulness, ambivalence, insecurity and their regulation depending on the level of mindfulness development in adolescents. A psychotherapeutic program for the development of mindfulness skills in everyday life for adolescents has been developed, which aims to develop the individual’s ability to perceive, feel and remember phenomena in the internal and external environment. It is important to note that psychological stability is supported by both internal (personal) and external (interpersonal, social support) resources, which are based on mindfulness control and are not limited to mental and emotional automatic reactions. The psychotherapeutic program provides students with the means that allow them to act more effectively in everyday life, to solve routine problems. The relationships between the mindfulness characteristics and stress resistance in adolescents were revealed through the results of a summative assessment.
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Vashkite, Inna, and Maxim Khaustov. "FEATURES OF THE CLINICAL PICTURE OF DEPRESSIVE DISORDERS OF DIFFERENT REGISTERS IN UNIVERSITY STUDENTS." Inter Collegas 6, no. 2 (August 3, 2019): 112–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.35339/ic.6.2.112-119.
Full textAbstract:
Features of the clinical picture of depressive disorders of different registers in university students
Vashkite I., Khaustov M.
In the course of work with the purpose of developing a complex pathopsychologically grounded system of psychotherapy and psychoprophylaxis for students of higher educational institutions with depressive disorders of affective (DDAR) and neurotic (DDNR) registers, a complex psychodiagnostic, psychometric, and clinical and psychopathological study of 200 students from various universities at the age of 17-24 was conducted. According to the results of the study, it was revealed that the effect of factors related to the start of studies at the university results in the highest probability of depressive disorders of the neurotic register among younger students. Students of senior years are maximally adapted to the conditions of study; therefore, the incidence of these disorders, both clinical and subclinical, is average among them, whereas in senior years there is an increase in the incidence of depressive disorders of the affective register. The article also presents the diagnostic results of studying the emotional sphere of students, the syndromological structure of depressive disorders of both registers, and formulated recommendations on the diagnosis and treatment of patients with depressions in the primary medical system.
Keywords: depressive reactions, diagnosis, primary care, students, treatment.
Резюме
Особливості клінічної картини депресивних розладів різних регістрів у студентів ВНЗ.
Вашкіте І.Д., Хаустов М.М.
В ході роботи з метою розробки комплексної патопсихологічно обґрунтованої системи психотерапії та психопрофілактики депресивних розладів афективного (ДРАР) і невротичного регістрів (ДРНР) у студентів вищих навчальних закладів було проведено комплексне психодіагностичне, психометричне і клініко-психопатологічне дослідження 200 студентів різних ВНЗ у віці 17-24 років.
За результатами проведеного дослідження було виявлено, що дія факторів, пов'язаних з початком навчання у ВНЗ, призводить до найбільшої ймовірності формування депресивних розладів невротичного регістру у студентів молодших курсів. Студенти середніх курсів максимально адаптовані до умов навчання, тому частота зазначених розладів як клінічного, так і субклінічного рівня серед них середня, тоді як на старших курсах спостерігається хвиля зростання виникнення депресивних розладів афективного регістру. У статті також наведені діагностичні результати дослідження емоційної сфери студентів, синдромологічна структура депресивних розладів обох регістрів, сформульовані рекомендації щодо діагностики та лікування хворих з депресіями в системі первинної медичної ланки.
Ключові слова: депресивні реакції, діагностика, лікування, первинна медична ланка, студенти.
Резюме
Особенности клинической картины депрессивных расстройств разных регистров у студентов ВУЗов.
Вашките И.Д., Хаустов М.Н.
В ходе работы с целью разработки комплексной патопсихологически обоснованной системы психотерапии та психопрофилактики депрессивных расстройств аффективного (ДРАР) и невротического регистров (ДРНР) у студентов высших учебных заведений было проведено комплексное психодиагностическое, психометрическое и клинико-психопатологическое исследование 200 студентов различных ВУЗов в возрасте 17-24 лет. По результатам проведенного исследование было выявлено, что действие факторов, связанных с началом обучения в ВУЗе, приводит к наибольшей вероятности формирования депрессивных расстройств невротического регистра у студентов младших курсов. Студенты средних курсов максимально адаптированы к условиям обучения, поэтому частота указанных расстройств как клинического, так и субклинического уровня среди них средняя, тогда как на старших курсах наблюдается волна роста возникновения депрессивных расстройств аффективного регистра. В статье также приведены диагностические результаты исследования эмоциональной сферы студентов, синдромологическая структура депрессивных расстройств обоих регистров, сформулированы рекомендации по диагностике и лечению больных с депрессиями в системе первичного медицинского звена.
Ключевые слова: депрессивные реакции, диагностика, лечение, первичное медицинское звено, студенты.
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"METHOD OF CONVERSATION IN PSYCHODIAGNOSTICS BY PROJECTIVE METHODS IN WORKING WITH STUDENTS OF NAUTICAL SPECIALTIES." Visnyk of V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University. A Series of Psychology, no. 66 (2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.26565/2225-7756-2019-66-07.
Full textAbstract:
The article reflects the features of the use of introspection as an auxiliary method of psychodiagnostics of students in nautical specialties using the "Non-existent animal" methodology. The possibilities of introspection were studied as the subject is focused on his own thoughts and experiences; messages by the individual in the form of original reports of their own experiences; in the form of thinking aloud about circumstances that need to be discussed with a specialist. To study the peculiarities of the psychoemotional state after long voyages, a group of 50 people was recruited from among 4th year students of Odessa National Maritime University who completed training in the specialty curriculum and who spent at least 3 months at sea. The study was conducted with the information consent of the surveyed, in compliance with the norms of ethics and bioethics. Analysis of the data suggests a range of psychoemotional features of students from a dedicated research group: the presence in 56% of the studied tendencies to feel self-doubt, low self-esteem, depression, indecision, demonstration in the social model of disinterest in their position, recognition from others; 28% of the total number of studied students of nautical specialties showed the presence in the structure of the nature of the elements of egocentricity, the desire to take care of themselves primarily, neglecting the interests of other people in some cases, 16% of the students studied had a tendency to reflect, a subject’s need to understand the situation in life , reflections on one’s own place, importance in the eyes of others, one’s own utility, 78% of those who took part in the study found a tendency of interest in information about themselves, and seek out the need for approving reactions from the interlocutor, in some cases perceive evaluative judgments of others as a channel of emotional communication, 28% of the total number of surveyed students in the nautical professions do not need active verbal communication. 52% of the total number of students studied showed a tendency for increased anxiety. 74% of those surveyed showed a trend of “self-propagation”, curiosity, a desire to participate in more vital projects, a desire to declare oneself, to win one’s place in society.
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Liashenko, Valentyna, Olena Gatsko, and Nataliia Gnutova. "THE STUDY OF INTERPERSONAL RELATIONS OF THE TEAM SPORTS PLAYERS BY THE EXAMPLE OF FOOTBALL." Sport Science and Human Health, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.28925/2664-2069.2019.1.5.
Full textAbstract:
There are several types of the conformal behaviour. In some cases, the individual, accepting the correctness of group views, agrees with them sincerely shares them. Acknowledged and internally embraces, they temporarily or constantly become the trait of the individual’s character. The conformal behaviour in the given case should be considered as a positive characteristic of the individual who has managed to estimate the requirements of a group and to accept them. In other cases, the individual can demonstrate the conformism at the slightest change of the group opinion. Most commonly it is a characteristic of excessively insecure people, who occupy, as a rule, low places at the hierarchical structure of the group and require constant support because of the low self-esteem. If an opinion of the group on any issue is divided and two sub-groups appear, such a person will surely be with the one of the majority or with the one which is currently in power with its attributes. We realize that each person has their own views that they do not want to change and far from always, even for a common goal, the individual is ready to accept another person's opinion and make something they do not agree with. Moreover, if an athlete has an over-the-top aggressiveness, low emotional stability, inflated self-esteem and other personality traits that encourage them to create a conflict situation, – they are inevitable, unless their opponent has opposed qualities and will calmly and confidently avoid the unnecessary showdown. Due to this fact the issue of the conformity in the team sports is quite is a pressing matter. The objective – the study of the influence of the interpersonal relations in the players of a student football team. Methods. The psychodiagnostic test and the methods of mathematical statistics have been used in the research. The age range of the examined is 18–20 years, the quantity – 29 people. Results. According to the results of the correlation analysis of the studied psychological particularities of the football team students, the following showings have been discovered: Q2 factor: «conformism – non-conformism» correlates positively with the trust (r = 0,52), team spirit (r = 0,64), and negatively – with the А factor: «reticence – sociability» (r = - 0,72), С factor: «emotional instability – emotional stability» (r = -0,71), F factor: «restraint – expressiveness» (r = -0,54). According to the conformity showings, the data is as follows: 42 % – low level, 42 % – average, 16 % – high. Conclusions. In the sphere of the sporting activity, in which the interpersonal relations are often complicated by confrontation and competition, the phenomenon of the conformism can be seen in both ordinary members of the group and in trainers. Usually, it is difficult to meet an individual perfect in all the situations of interpersonal relations in real life, however the collectives do not fall apart because of this. Preserving membership, the individual either compensates their imperfection by other qualities and gets along or leaves the group in the search for another, in which this imperfection will be tolerated or fixed. Thus, the athletes who does not demonstrate the appropriate firmness and adherence to principles, nevertheless, may be treated greatly by the fellows because of this person’s benevolence, readiness to come to the rescue, ability to sympathize, etc.