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Macintosh, Houston. "Attitudes and Experiences of Psychoanalysts in Analyzing Homosexual Patients." Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association 42, no. 4 (November 1994): 1183–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000306519404200412.
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In response to a survey, 285 psychoanalysts reported having analyzed 1215 homosexual patients, resulting in 23 percent changing to heterosexuality and 84 percent receiving significant therapeutic benefit. Various statistics and individual comments are reported. Virtually all of the respondents rejected the idea that a homosexual patient in analysis “can and should” change to heterosexuality, although 17 percent had changed their opinion during the last 10 years. Over a third believed that most other psychoanalysts hold this opinion even though they themselves do not. The contention of some gay activists that “traditionally trained” psychoanalysts harm and “abuse” their patients is examined and rejected.
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von Sydow, Kirsten, and Christian Reimer. "Attitudes toward Psychotherapists, Psychologists, Psychiatrists, and Psychoanalysts." American Journal of Psychotherapy 52, no. 4 (October 1998): 463–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/appi.psychotherapy.1998.52.4.463.
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Vavilov, Pavel S. "Psychoanalysis between culturology and cultural studies." Vestnik of Saint Petersburg State University of Culture, no. 1 (46) (March 2021): 12–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.30725/2619-0303-2021-1-12-20.
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The article is devoted to the relationship between psychoanalysis, cultural studies and culturology. More attention is paid to the analysis of the conceptual and methodological contribution of psychoanalytic theory to cultural studies. The author emphasizes the nature of the reception of psychoanalytic theories in Western science, demonstrating that the invasion of psychoanalysis into the field of cultural studies, as well as the dynamics of their mutual influence was conditioned by the general ideological attitudes of «suspicion» towards the institutions of power. Psychoanalysis brings its methodological usefulness to cultural studies in that it can be used to reveal the conditions of creation and consumption of cultural products, the discovery of the subject’s representation strategies, and the degree of the researcher’s engagement. The conclusion is made that a productive dialogue between practicing psychoanalysts, researchers in the theory of psychoanalysis, as well as scholars involved in the theory and history of culture is necessary for the integration of modern psychoanalytic theory into domestic culturology.
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Bartlett, Annie, Michael King, and Peter Phillips. "Straight talking: An investigation of the attitudes and practice of psychoanalysts and psychotherapists in relation to gays and lesbians." British Journal of Psychiatry 179, no. 6 (December 2001): 545–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.179.6.545.
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BackgroundEarly psychodynamic writing on same-gender sexual preference contributed to its pathologisation and an interest in treatment directed at changing sexual orientation.AimsTo establish the therapeutic approaches taken by contemporary psychotherapists and psychoanalysts to gay and lesbian clients/patients.MethodA random sample of individuals listed as working with adults in the British Confederation of Psychotherapists' register were sent postal questionnaires.ResultsData are available from 274 (69%) of 395 questionnaires. Only one of 218 respondents said that he/she was homosexual. One-third said that gay and lesbian patients did have a right to a gay or lesbian therapist. A total of 179 (82% of 218) respondents described work with gay and lesbian clients/patients, and in the majority of cases sexual orientation was an important aspect of the work.ConclusionsGays and lesbians seeking psychoanalysis or psychotherapy in the National Health Service or outside it for personal and/or training purposes will be unlikely to find a gay or lesbian therapist if they want one. The British Confederation of Psychotherapists' practitioners take on gay and lesbian clients/patients, although many do not see these social identities as relevant to the therapeutic process. Evidence from this study indicates that such clients/patients may encounter overt or covert bias, including the pathologisation of homosexuality per se.
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Mandelbaum, Belinda, Aline Rubin, and Stephen Frosh. "‘He Didn't Even Know There Was a Dictatorship’: The Complicity of a Psychoanalyst with the Brazilian Military Regime." Psychoanalysis and History 20, no. 1 (April 2018): 37–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/pah.2018.0245.
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The history of psychoanalysis in Brazil during the civilian–military dictatorship (1964–85) has come under increasing scrutiny in recent years as an instance of institutional complicity with authoritarian rule. The case of Amílcar Lobo in Rio de Janeiro is now well known. However, there is less documentation of events in São Paulo, leading to a misrepresentation of the Brazilian Psychoanalytical Society of São Paulo as having passed relatively unscathed through the dictatorial period. This paper confronts this misrepresentation by documenting the case of a psychoanalyst from São Paulo who was involved with the torture regime. A detailed account is presented of claims made to the authors about the actions of this psychoanalyst in relation to a political prisoner of the period, and some parallels are made with material in two published works by him. It is suggested that this particular psychoanalyst's behaviour reflects attitudes prevalent in the Brazilian Psychoanalytical Society of São Paulo at the time, including its support for the view that political resistance was a sign of psychological ‘immaturity’ or pathology.
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Moqaddam, Maryam Zehtabi Sabeti. "Analyzing Mother-Daughter Relationships across Three Generations of Jewish Women in Liora by Farībā Ṣidīqīm." International Journal of Persian Literature 4, no. 1 (October 2019): 83–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.5325/intejperslite.4.1.0083.
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Abstract This article sheds light on the group consciousness and relational gender identity of the female, Jewish, Iranian-American protagonist of Farībā Ṣidīqīm’s novel, Liora. I build my argument on the work of feminist psychoanalysts, who postulate that—while the process of boys’ individuation entails a fixing of boundaries between the self and the others—girls retain their primary tie and fusion with their mothers. Characterized by what Adrienne Rich and Lynn Sukenick call “matrophobia,” i.e., the fear of becoming like one’s mother, Liora’s relationship with her mother is extremely complicated. From an early age—beginning with the death of her grandmother—Liora feels the need to mother her mother. Notwithstanding her strong fear of becoming like her, she becomes her replica, with the same obsessions, preoccupations, and attitudes toward life. Although at the beginning of the novel, she sets out to tell her own life story, her narrative soon becomes intertwined with the stories of not only her mother, but also other women from the Jewish community within which she grew up. Liora is liberated only at the end of the novel when she realizes that, instead of blaming her mother, she should reject the patriarchal structures of domination that maintain women’s oppression.
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Nelin, Ievgen. "THE PROBLEM OF DEVELOPMENT OF OBJECT RELATIONS IN THE IDEAS OF PSYCHOANALYSTS OF THE «INDEPENDENT» GROUP." Academic Notes Series Pedagogical Science 1, no. 203 (March 2022): 103–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.36550/2415-7988-2022-1-203-103-107.
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The article reveals the key ideas of psychoanalysts of the «independent» group of the British Psychoanalytic Association. To date, the framework of the modern anthropological system consists of psychoanalytic theories of personality development. In addition to the orthodox (classical) psychoanalysis of S. Freud, individual psychology of A. Adler and analytical psychology of Jung, an important place in the system of psychoanalytic directions is occupied by the theory of object relations - psychoanalytic current, which is based on the idea that as much the satisfaction of internal urges, as Freud argued, as the successful search and establishment of relationships with others. However, in addition to the work of M. Klein and the followers of her scientific and practical school, the creative work of other representatives of British psychoanalysis remains little studied for Ukrainian science. On the basis of the theoretical analysis of literary sources the main principles of psychoanalytic pedagogy within the theory of object relations are revealed. The main features of the theory of object relations, around which the representatives of the «independent» group gathered, have been identified. Emphasis is placed on the common and different views of British psychoanalysts on the formation of the child's personality, as well as criticism of the ideas of classical psychoanalysis. In particular, it is proved that the representatives of the «independent» group departed from the classical Freudian idea of the dominant influence of the Oedipus complex and the rigid «Super Ego» on the formation of personality. It is proved that the representatives of the «independent» group adhered to three common ideas: 1) each person from birth seeks to object relations, rather than to meet needs; 2) the interaction of the newborn with the outside world, especially in the dyad with the mother, has a decisive influence on the evolution of his inner world, which is considered through the prism of introjected inner objects; 3) a person's attitude to external objects is determined by imaginary internal object relations, which were formed in the child's psyche at an early age. It was concluded that the activities of analysts of the «independent» group focused on the problems of interpersonal communication, the child's interaction with parents at an early age, as well as the problems of identification and self-perception. Prospects for further research are planned in revealing the peculiarities of the work of Balint’s groups and the organization of scientific and practical measures for the prevention of pedagogical burnout.
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Mijolla, Alain de. "Freud, Biography, his Autobiography and his Biographers'." Psychoanalysis and History 1, no. 1 (January 1999): 4–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/pah.1999.1.1.4.
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Freud has a dual attitude to the biographical genre. When he places himself in the position of psychoanalyst/biographer of others, he enthusiastically speaks of lands to be conquered for psychoanalysis. His works, as well as his correspondence, show that he continued to devote himself to investigations which resulted in interpretations of a number of personalities, the most detailed of which regarded Leonardo da Vinci, Goethe, Dostoyevsky, President Wilson and Moses. On the other hand, even though during the first years of the discovery of psychoanalysis he allowed himself, in a more or less veiled manner, confidences of an autobiographical nature, Freud remained very secretive about himself. He limited himself to making public only the routine information found on his university curriculum vitae or the details of his life directly related to the discovery and development of psychoanalysis. Hidden behind die Sache, the Cause, the man always vigorously defended himself against those who, braving the repeated destruction to which he subjected his archives, claimed to apply to him this ‘investigative drive’ the heuristic richness of which he otherwise celebrated. It is by means of fantasies of identification to the work, which are present in every biographical effort, that we here attempt to address the contradictions of this dual attitude. Freud, la biographie, son autobiographie et ses biographes Dans son rapport au genre biographique, l'attitude de Freud est double. Lorsqu'il se place en position de psychanalyste-biographe des autres, it se montre volontiers enthousiaste, pane de terrain a conquerir pour la psychanalyse et ses oeuvres comme sa correspondance montrent qu'il n' a jamais cesse de se livrer a des enquetes assorties d'interpretations sur un certain nombre de personnalites dont les plus approfondies ont concerne Leonard de Vinci, Goethe, Dostoievski, le President Wilson et Moise. En revanche, meme si, durant les premieres annees de la decouverte psychanalytique it s'est adonne de farcon plus ou moins voilee a des confidences de type autobiographique, Freud est demeure tres secret sur lui-meme, se bornant a livrer au public les renseignements d'un banal curriculum vitae a usage universitaire ou les circonstances de son existence directement lilies A la decouverte puis is l'extension de la psychanalyse. Efface derriere die Sache, la Cause, l'homme s'est toujours defendu avec vigueur contre ceux qui, bravant la destruction periodique qu'il faisait de ses archives, pretendaient appliquer k sa personne cette ‘pulsion d'investigation’ dont it celebrait par ailleurs la richesse heuristique. C'est par le biais des fantasmes d'identification A l'oeuvre dans toute tentative du genre biographique que nous tentons d' aborder ici les contradictions de cette double attitude.
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Kaley, Harriette. "Psychoanalysis in education: Attitude and process." Psychoanalytic Psychology 10, no. 1 (1993): 93–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/h0079439.
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Thorpe, Mark. "A Review of Maria Teresa Savio Hooke’s Lecture and Workshop." Ata: Journal of Psychotherapy Aotearoa New Zealand 20, no. 2 (December 30, 2016): 210–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.9791/ajpanz.2016.19.
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Wardani, Erna. "The Piano: A Psychoanalytic Approach to Movie as A Media of Reflective Teaching." J-Lalite: Journal of English Studies 1, no. 1 (June 30, 2020): 68. http://dx.doi.org/10.20884/1.jes.2020.1.1.2759.
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Freud’s psychoanalytic approach has been one of the most controversial approaches to many fields of interest. Relating to education and educational psychology, this approach plays a significant role in modifying and enhancing one’s behavioral relationship among the educational elements like educators, parents, and students. Therefore, in many things, this approach has contributed a lot of inspiration in the development of education. In literary works, there seems to be a mutual fascination between psychoanalysis and literature whereas theory and approach, psychoanalysis explains literature and literature itself exploits psychoanalysis for creative purposes and works. Here, as a creative work, movie is considered literature because it can be interpreted and analyzed just like other written works of literature. As a learning instrument, movie evokes an affective domain that leads to changes in learning behavior and attitudes. Experiencing certain-themed movies can trigger particular reflective memories and reference toward events occurring on a daily basis and it can further strengthen the foundation for learning complex concepts like psychoanalysis.
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Schmidt, Erika S. "The Berlin Tradition in Chicago: Franz Alexander and the Chicago Institute for Psychoanalysis." Psychoanalysis and History 12, no. 1 (January 2010): 69–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/e1460823509000555.
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Freud considered Franz Alexander, the first graduate of the Berlin Psychoanalytic Institute and an assistant in the Berlin Polyclinic, to be ‘one of our strongest hopes for the future’. Alexander went on to become the first director of the Chicago Institute for Psychoanalysis in 1932 and modeled some of the Chicago Institute's mission on his Berlin experiences. He was also a researcher in psychosomatic medicine, a prolific writer about psychoanalysis and prominent in psychoanalytic organizations. As he proposed modifications in psychoanalytic technique, he became a controversial figure, especially in the elaboration of his ideas about brief therapy and the corrective emotional experience. This paper puts Alexander's achievements in historical context, draws connections between the Berlin and Chicago Institutes and suggests that, despite his quarrels with traditional psychoanalysis, Alexander's legacy may be in his attitude towards psychoanalysis, characterized by a commitment to scientific study, a willingness to experiment, and a conviction about the role of psychoanalysis within the larger culture.
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Wang, Huan. "Integrity or integration: an essay on a very Chinese dilemma." Psychoanalysis and Psychotherapy in China 5, no. 2 (December 4, 2022): 256–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.33212/ppc.v5n2.2022.256.
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Currently, in China, there is a fever for psychoanalysis. Most therapists claim that they practise an integrated psychoanalytically oriented therapy, which means they learn and apply all techniques and theories, regardless of the differences and conflicts between them. Such "integration" represents an inclusive attitude with its underlying ideology of collectivism. It can be found throughout Chinese daily life, such as the way a good marriage is said to carry collective decisions of extended families and social expectations. And due to such an ideology, China has adopted a very different strategy from other countries to deal with the Covid-19 pandemic. I point out that another attitude, "integrity"—standing for individual differences and valuing personal autonomy and boundaries—has been lacking, which causes many psychological problems and might be the main reason for people seeking help from psychotherapy. Hence, a very typical modern dilemma is how to achieve a balance between integrity and integration. I argue that "moral imagination"—covering the attitudes of forgiveness without blame and embracing conflict and pluralism—could be one of the solutions. Such tendency has been shown amongst young generations, particularly young psychotherapists.
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Jones, James W. "Looking Forward: Future Directions for the Encounter of Relational Psychoanalysis and Religion." Journal of Psychology and Theology 25, no. 1 (March 1997): 136–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/009164719702500113.
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Contemporary relational psychoanalytic theory provides new opportunities in the dialogue between psychology and religion. This article suggests three examples. First, by seeing the self as inherently interrelated and by underscoring the importance of experience, relational psychoanalysis creates the possibility of a more open attitude toward religious experience. Second, a relational understanding of human nature potentially contains new resources for theological reflection. Third, this shift leads psychoanalysis to focus on how religious forms embody various relational themes. The article concludes by presenting a case which illustrates a contemporary relational approach to religious material.
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G. E. Kelly, Mark. "Foucault On Psychoanalysis: Missed Encounter or Gordian Knot?" Foucault Studies 1, no. 28 (September 27, 2020): 96–119. http://dx.doi.org/10.22439/fs.v1i28.6075.
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Foucault’s remarks concerning psychoanalysis are ambivalent and even prima facie contra-dictory, at times lauding Freud and Lacan as anti-humanists, at others being severely criti-cal of their imbrication within psychiatric power. This has allowed a profusion of interpretations of his position, between so-called ‘Freudo-Foucauldians’ at one extreme and Foucauldians who condemn psychoanalysis as such at the other. In this article, I begin by surveying Foucault’s biographical and theoretical relationship to psychoanalysis and the sec-ondary scholarship on this relationship to date. I pay particular attention to the discussion of the relationship in feminist scholarship and queer theory, and that by psychoanalytic thinkers, as well as attending to the particular focus in the secondary literature on Fou-cault’s late work and his relationship to the figure of Jacques Lacan. I conclude that Fou-cault’s attitude to psychoanalysis varies with context, and that some of his criticisms of psychoanalysis in part reflect an ignorance of the variety of psychoanalytic thought, partic-ularly in its Lacanian form. I thus argue that Foucault sometimes tended to overestimate the extent of the incompatibility of his approach with psychoanalytic ones and that there is ultimately no serious incompatibility there. Rather, psychoanalysis represents a substantively different mode of inquiry to Foucault’s work, which is neither straightforwardly ex-clusive nor inclusive of psychoanalytic insights.
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Smith, Joseph H. "Psychoanalysis and Psychotherapy: Comments on the Analytic Attitude." British Journal of Psychotherapy 4, no. 4 (June 1988): 401–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-0118.1988.tb01042.x.
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Eilittä, Leena. "Kafka's Ambivalence Towards Psychoanalysis." Psychoanalysis and History 3, no. 2 (July 2001): 205–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/pah.2001.3.2.205.
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This article analyses Kafka's changing attitude towards Freudian psychoanalysis and, more generally, towards psychological thought. In contrast to his earlier enthusiasm for Freud, Kafka undertook a heavy criticism of psychoanalysis from 1917 onwards. He attacked Freudian ideas from religious, philosophical and therapeutic points of view. According to Kafka, a mentally unbalanced person finds himself in the state of spiritual Angst which psychoanalytic method is not able to cure. Towards the end of his life Kafka extended his criticism to psychological explanation in general, dismissing it as eventually unable to approach the most important levels of the human mind.
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Gardner, Sally M., and Paul A. Komesaroff. "The struggle for gender diversity." Australasian Psychiatry 28, no. 5 (June 4, 2020): 539–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1039856220930676.
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Introduction: Contradictory social policies and attitudes about gender diversity raise questions about how we should understand the current status of the historical ‘heterosexual’ gender regime. Conclusion: Drawing on the work of the feminist philosopher and psychoanalyst Luce Irigaray, this essay argues that sexual difference is the irreducible starting point for all meaning, sense, morality and affect.
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Wolff, Heinz. "The Relationship between Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy and Psychoanalysis: Attitudes and Aims." British Journal of Psychotherapy 5, no. 2 (December 1988): 178–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-0118.1988.tb01070.x.
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Fritsch, Richard C., and Robert Winer. "Combined Training of Candidates, Scholars, And Psychotherapists: A Model of Psychoanalytic Education for the Twenty-First Century." Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association 68, no. 2 (April 2020): 175–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0003065120922846.
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A new model of psychoanalytic education is proposed that will meet the challenges of educating candidates in a new century. Prospective candidates have varying opinions about the value of analytic training, opinions that reflect economic and cultural conditions different from those facing previous generations. Overall, today’s graduate-level students hold less favorable attitudes toward psychoanalysis than did their counterparts in the past. The proposed model calls for combining analytic candidates, psychotherapy students, and academic scholars for two years in a Psychoanalytic Studies Program (PSP), after which candidates take their subsequent years of training in a cohort made up exclusively of analytic candidates. A curriculum that focuses on the core concepts in psychoanalysis allows students in all three categories to learn the foundational knowledge of psychoanalysis that once was widely taught in graduate mental health programs. The philosophy that underlies the model and the structure and orientation of the course sequences are presented. Implementatiion of the model having shown positive results, its strengths and limitations are evaluated against the traditional model, in which candidates and psychotherapy students are educated separately.
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Garibotto, Verónica. "Argentine psychoanalysis as gentrifier: The case of Palermo." Journal of Urban Cultural Studies 7, no. 2-3 (September 1, 2020): 109–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/jucs_00021_1.
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This article examines the case of Palermo, Buenos Aires’s largest and trendiest neighbourhood, and claims that psychoanalysis has acted since the mid-1970s as one of the area’s gentrifiers. Based on the premise that temporality is embedded in spatial categories and that, therefore, cities are mobile phenomena, the article focuses on two interrelated spatiotemporal layers of psychoanalysis-based gentrification. It first examines the arrival and settlement of psychoanalytic associations between 1975 and 2005 to argue that analysts were important actors in Palermo’s real estate transformation. Second, it explores how contemporary real estate brochures, magazines, blogs, newspapers and tourist websites create the idea that analysts gave birth to the neighbourhood and thus erase the contributions of the Black population who had lived there in the nineteenth century and of the workers who had been a vital part of the area prior to the analysts’ arrival. The article also looks at the neighbourhood contemporary aesthetics to highlight that psychoanalysis is now an integral part of a spatialized identity that reaffirms socio-economic exclusion, while displaying progressive attitudes.
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Bielik-Robson, Agata. "Psychoanalysis as Torat Hayim." European Judaism 55, no. 1 (March 1, 2022): 55–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/ej.2022.550105.
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Is there any reason for calling psychoanalysis a ‘Jewish science’? There is one, particularly significant: the affirmation of the act of birth thanks to which there emerges a new individual psychic life. In this article, I argue that the psychoanalysis which takes a positive view on the issue of separation is natalistic: it offers a particular philosophy of life, which chimes with the existential tenets of Jewish tradition. The Jewishness of psychoanalysis would thus manifest itself not so much in being a ‘science’, but in the way in which it follows the Jewish torat hayim, the ‘teaching of life’. The gist of this teaching lies in the specific attitude towards the human condition of natality: instead of trying to undo the trauma of birth, the Jewish singular life walks away from the place of its origin and never indulges in the phantasy of virtual return.
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Sugiatno, Septian Utut. "ANALISIS TOKOH UTAMA PADA NOVEL NEGERI PARA BEDEBAH DAN NEGERI DI UJUNG TANDUK." Jurnal Edukasi Khatulistiwa 1, no. 2 (November 26, 2018): 176. http://dx.doi.org/10.26418/ekha.v1i2.29617.
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Abstract:The focus of this research is to describe the personality of the main characters in the novels Negeri Para Bedebah and Negeri di Ujung Tanduk by Tara Liye based on Sigmund Freud personality theory of psychoanalysis experienced by the main characters and the attitude of the main characters in dealing with the conflict. The data collection technique was documentary study. The tool for data collection in this study was the researcher himself as a key instrument. The attitude of the main characters in these novels is based on Sigmund Freud personality theory of psychoanalysis that leads to Ego which reveals more personality considering the reality in this conflict. The reality consideration that eventually leads to different encouraging attitude, influences, or supports the basic personality (id) and not encouraging, influencing, or supporting the basic personality (id). While the super ego in these novels is not much because the main characters have more consideration of the reality compared to paying attention toward spiritual values or norms. Therefore the main characters in these novels address the conflict with encouragement, support, or affect the basic personality (id). Keywords: main characters, novel, literary psychology
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Reeves, Nancy C., and Frederic J. Boersma. "The Therapeutic use of Ritual in Maladaptive Grieving." OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying 20, no. 4 (June 1990): 281–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/ll2h-t89a-p8k5-742p.
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This article presents a case for the designation of “ritual” as a psychotherapeutic technique for use in maladaptive grieving. Examples are given of the attitudes and utilization of ritual in psychoanalysis, strategic and existential psychotherapies, and pastoral and cross-cultural counseling. The authors suggest how, when, and why ritual can be used to assist individuals to move from a maladaptive to an adaptive style of grieving.
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Liu, Xiaoxiao. "An Analysis of the Protagonists’ Psychology in The Piano Lesson from the Perspective of Triple Personality Structure Theory." International Journal of Linguistics, Literature and Translation 5, no. 10 (October 22, 2022): 135–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.32996/ijllt.2022.5.10.15.
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The Piano Lesson is one of the masterpieces of the famous American playwright August Wilson. This play presents an argument between a sister and brother over whether to sell the family heirloom: a piano, revealing the different attitudes of African Americans toward their history and culture. Focusing on domestic and foreign research perspectives, the author finds that most experts and scholars explore this play in terms of African American identity and ghost images, while few analyze the conflict and reconciliation between the siblings from the perspective of psychoanalysis. This paper focuses on the protagonists’ psychology and explores the inner journey of the siblings from Freud’s triple personality structure theory. The findings show that there is a relationship between their psychological changes and the rationality of the final ownership of the piano in the play, and then reveal that Wilson conveys his attitude toward the cultural heritage of ethnic minorities through the psychological changes of these two main characters, thus provoking thoughts on the heritage of minority cultures. This paper contributes to shedding more light on the nature of the argument between two main characters, Berniece and Boy Willie, and enhancing our understanding of the deep meaning of this play.
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Zavershneva, E. Ju. "Vygotsky vs. Freud: on the Rethinking of Psychoanalysis in Terms of Cultural-Historical Psychology." Cultural-Historical Psychology 12, no. 4 (2016): 14–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/chp.2016120402.
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The paper traces the dynamics of L.S. Vygotsky’s attitude towards Freud’s theory on the material of Vygotsky’s published works and personal notes. It provides an overall picture of Vygotsky’s critical views on psychoanalysis, including his accounts of both weak and progressive assumptions of Freud’s theory. It has been shown that Vygotsky's polemic with Freud was obviously shaped by the development of cultural- historical psychology and reached the point of a potential rivalry between their research programs in late 1932. The paper focuses on the perspectives of rethinking classical psychoanalysis in the context of the ideas of Vygotsky’s last period of life and work (1932—1934), namely, the idea of consciousness as a dynamic system of meaning, the concept of the field of meaning, the relationship between normal and abnormal development, and the idea of freedom as the main feature of human existence. It is stated that Vygotsky did not seek to eliminate any competing theories (in particular, psychoanalysis), but rather remained in dialogue with them and contributed to making their foundations more clear.
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Butsykin, Yehor. "HEIDELBERG MATURATION: phenomenological critique of psychoanalysis." Filosofska dumka (Philosophical Thought) -, no. 4 (November 4, 2020): 60–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/fd2020.04.060.
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This article attempts to historically reconstruct the phenomenological critique of psychoanalysis in order to establish a new framework of understanding psychoanalytic theory and practice, given the need for a new phenomenological justification of psychoanalysis as a special intersubjective experience of the analyst-analysand interaction. At the beginning of the twentieth century, a number of phenomenologically oriented psy- chotherapies emerged within Western psychiatry. All of them were more or less influenced or exist in polemics with psychoanalytic teaching and relied primarily on phenomenology in its broadest sense. First of all, we should mention such eminent psychiatrists as Eugene Minkowski, who created the original project of phenomenological existential psychopathology, and also Ludwig Binswanger with his existential, or Dasein-analytical anthropology. All these attempts in one way or another correspond to the general attitude of phenomenology to the critique of psychologism, and ultimately to naturalism of any kind. Therefore, their critique of psychoanalysis is primarily destructive, and psychoanalysis itself serves as one of the distinct examples of naturalistic reductionism of the highest type. These all leads to the rejection of psychoanalytic theory and practice as scientific, that is, one that is based on the Newtonian and Cartesian mechanistic conception of nature, and therefore makes any anthropology impossible. That is why all the mentioned phenomenological projects of psychotherapy at one time or another positioned themselves as projects of philosophical anthropology in a therapeutic perspective. The latest attempts at the phenomenological discovery of psychoanalysis can be seen as the rehabilitation of Kronfeld’s guidelines for the phenomenological justification of psychoanalytic experience.
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Chemouni, Jacquy. "Lenin, Sexuality and Psychoanalysis." Psychoanalysis and History 6, no. 2 (July 2004): 135–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/pah.2004.6.2.135.
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Si l'on connaît l'adhésion relativement favorable de Trotsky aux idées freudiennes, on ignore par contre l'attitude de Lénine à l'égard de la psychanalyse. A l'encontre de certains historiens qui voient dans le père de la Révolution d'Octobre un adepte des idées freudiennes, l'auteur au contraire montre, documents à l'appui, qu'il rejetait la psychanalyse, surtout sa perspective jugée ‘idéaliste’ et l'importance accordée à la sexualité. La personnalité prude de Lénine, le rôle jouée par sa femme Nadezhda Krupskaya et leur idéologie ne pouvaient qu'exclure la psychanalyse du renouveau de l'homme que le marxisme se proposait d'entreprendre en Russie. While Trotsky's relatively favourable adherence to Freudian ideas is well documented, little is known about Lenin's attitude toward psychoanalysis. The author's extensive researches show that, far from being the follower of Freudian ideas depicted by some historians, the father of the October Revolution rejected psychoanalytic theory and, in particular, the perspective he considered ‘idealistic’ and the importance attributed to sexuality. Lenin's prudish personality, the influence of his wife Nadezhda Krupskaya and their ideology resulted in the exclusion of psychoanalysis from the construction of the New Man that Marxism was planning to undertake in Russia.
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Cawley, R. H. "Educating the Psychiatrist of the 21st Century." British Journal of Psychiatry 157, no. 2 (August 1990): 174–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.157.2.174.
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Psychiatry is under threat from developments within mental health care. In educating future psychiatrists, more emphasis should be placed upon: collaborative research; integrated teamwork, without interprofessional rivalry; work in primary care; the non-scientific components of psychiatry, centred upon relationships with patients; less dogmatic attitudes for or against psychoanalysis; psychiatry as a branch of medicine; and modern management and audit methods. Younger psychiatrists should be encouraged to take responsibility for shaping the future of the profession.
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Kiss, Kata Dóra. "Intersubjectivity and Embodiment in the Field of Psychotherapy." Studia Universitatis Babeș-Bolyai Philosophia 66, no. 2 supplement (October 30, 2021): 141–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.24193/subbphil.2021.2s.10.
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"Intersubjectivity is one of the most important concepts of the phenomenological school of thought. The approach assumes that our being in the world is based on relations with Others. The idea has a central role not only in the philosophy of perception but in psy-sciences as well. Mostly all branches of psychology agree that the self is constituted by its relations. However, there is much less consensus on how decisive these relations are. Therefore, the question of intersubjectivity has become the question of how we perceive human beings: as biological or social entities. Psy-sciences have never had one coherent and consensual paradigm, although nowadays the natural scientific standards are the most prevailing in the field, which prioritizes biological explanations over socio-cultural aspects. The study attempts to connect the phenomenological approach to intersubjectivity to the psychological approach to embodiment. For this, first, it elaborates on an essential problem of psy-sciences, transmitted by classical philosophy, namely the mind-body dualism, which implicitly establishes the current paradigm. Then, it aims to describe how the phenomenological approach, especially the philosophy of Maurice Merleau-Ponty, could dissolve the classical dualism through the assumption of the body-mind-world unity. Merleau-Ponty was one of those thinkers of the 20th century who laid down the foundations of the scientific paradigm of embodiment. Afterward, I illustrate the phenomenological concept above through Ben Rumble’s psychological approach, which applies the embodiment paradigm for the therapeutic process as a professional. The final part of the study attempts to establish a relation between the psychological attitude based on embodiment and the psychoanalytic theory of Sándor Ferenczi, the Hungarian psychoanalyst. Keywords: embodiment, intersubjectivity, psychoteraphy, phenomenology, psychoanalysis, critical psychology, Sándor Ferenczi "
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Coburn, William J. "Attitudes of Embeddedness and Transcendence in Psychoanalysis: Subjectivity, Self-Experience, and Countertransference." Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis 27, no. 1 (March 1999): 101–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1521/jaap.1.1999.27.1.101.
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Чумак, Наталія Володимирівна. "ПСИХОАНАЛІЗ ПЛАСТИЧНОЇ МОВИ КУЛЬТУРИ МОДЕРНУ Й ПОСТМОДЕРНУ." Humanities journal, no. 4 (December 19, 2018): 54–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.32620/gch.2018.4.06.
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The understanding of cultural and psychological aspects of modern culture encourages overcoming the crises that appeared in modern post-modern society. Psychoanalysis of plastic language of culture allows not only to reveal the deep processes and problems of current culture but it also gives the possibility to see the vision of cultural epoch and its facilities influence on the human worldview, which is reflected in plastic language. Due to plastic language psychoanalysis, the author tries to uncover the human culture of Modern and Post-modern ontological problems that prevent his self-identification, selfconsciousness and unity of existence. Society pressure, ideological attitudes, economic relations have a decisive impact not only on consciousness but they also participate in plastic language of culture building. The person of civilization being under constant pressure tends to be tightened in body movements. Thomas Hanna’s theory on reflexes causing the sensory-motor amnesia is the most interesting and reasonable in psychoanalysis as this theory reveals the causes and effects the technogenic civilization impact on human physical and mental condition. The plastic language reaction to social and cultural attitudes results in the appearance of «red color» reflexes (inherent to culture of Modern), «green color» reflexes ( typical for Post-Modern) and capture reflex (reflecting the consuming psychology of modern society). The appearance of reflexes indicates the alienation of body from consciousness, the inability of human to feel and control his living body. Modern person is passionately interested in his social roles and his thoughts so as to feel and sense the unconscious processes taking place in his body. The escape from reality and its rejection, conflicts between the individual and the society – these are all the components of emotional illness of western culture. Physical values in western culture take mostly the form of illusive and immediate. Chasing the sensual pleasure as the way to wind down and to relax becomes the goal in itself for many members of western world. The modern life rhythm demands the constant human self-control and control over the situation, that is why the human searches the opportunity to get rid of control, finding it in rest, i.e. getting fast pleasure or enjoyment. We can conclude that in favor of culture the human is ready to repress his own vital feelings in different parts of his body. Being tightened on psychological and physical level the person is unable to be holistic, moreover, he can be dual. The problem of dual personality is the basic problem of modern society. The psychoanalytical approach in plastic language examination reveals the problem of body and consciousness conflict as well as the problem of absence of human integrity in self-perception. Psychoanalysis proves the plastic language connection with culture on the example of ideology influence on «muscular shell» formation. The plastic language of culture is shaped by social attitudes, ideology and moral standards.
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Khakhalova, Anna. "Flesh in the Conception of the Russian Soul According to Berdyaev." Logos et Praxis, no. 1 (December 2020): 18–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/lp.jvolsu.2020.1.2.
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The paper addresses the relations between N. Berdyaev's philosophy and currently accepted attitudes in psychoanalysis and existential therapy in their connection with Byzatine mystical theology. It suggests that both traditions trace their roots back to an intuitive-symbolic way of searching for the truth, characteristic of mystical theology. The main emphasis is on the bodily dimension of experience, which supports the apophatic way of cognition. Hermeneutics of methodological principles is used in Berdyaev's philosophy and psychoanalysis with elements of historical and philosophical reconstruction of the question of ways of a pre-symbolic way of cognition. Like the psychoanalysis of Z. Freud, the Russian tradition of the early twentieth century is involved in an ontological turn, as a result of which the concept of corporeality and flesh is one of the key in understanding the nature of the subject and his cognitive experience. First part of the paper addresses the Byzantine mystical theological understanding of apophasis, based on the works of Denys the Areopagite. Then, a parallel is drawn with how N. Berdyaev understands the mystics, indicating that symbolic knowledge is rooted in the bodily dimension of experience. The latter means that the knowledge recorded in words represents for the mystic a form of personal experience. In the second part of the article, the idea of flesh unfolds in the problem of love and transference. It is concluded that the personal dimension of analysis, in which the other takes the place of a lover, is synonymous in mystical tradition and religious personalism, where God takes the place of the Other. In addition, the article summarizes the Christian, Orthodox concept of personality, which implies a trans-subjective experience of communication. The article sets the original consideration of the Russian philosophical tradition in terms of psychoanalysis and the mystical tradition of the past.
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Chused, Judith Fingert, and David L. Raphling. "The Analyst's Mistakes." Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association 40, no. 1 (March 1992): 89–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000306519204000104.
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The analyst's mistakes are an inevitable aspect of his conduct of psychoanalysis. They result from the inherent uncertainties and ambiguities of the analytic process itself, and from the continuing effect upon analytic technique of the analyst's unresolved conflicts, as manifested in countertransference attitudes and enactments. Variables of clinical experience, skill, and the vicissitudes of the analyst's life also contribute to the susceptibility to error. When the analyst's mistakes result from his active engagement in the psychoanalytic process, they yield important clues for understanding clinical material as well as present potential obstacles to analytic progress.
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Razinsky, Liran. "On the Strange Case of the Attitude of Psychoanalysis toward Death." Contemporary Psychoanalysis 43, no. 1 (January 2007): 149–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00107530.2007.10745902.
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Rikel, Alexander M., and Ksenia V. Filatova. "SIMILARITY OF ATTITUDES AND INTERPERSONAL ATTRACTION: A NEW LOOK AT A CLASSICAL PROBLEM." Moscow University Psychology Bulletin, no. 1 (2020): 34–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.11621/vsp.2020.01.03.
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Relevance. Research into the factors determining attraction between people is the most generally accepted paradigm in modern social psychology. The principal innovation of this study is its differentiation of the factor of the similarity of attitudes (both positive and negative), which was not introduced in previous works, either theoretical or empirical. At the same time, it seems apparent that “similarity of attitudes” is too global a characterization and requires further discrimination. Distinguishing between positive and negative attitudes makes obvious empirical sense: To what extent is similarity in some negative attitudes more important than in positive ones? Objective. To determine the impact of coinciding negative and positive attitudes on attraction to strangers in women. Methods. The study involved two stages. The sample at the first stage comprised 162 women, at the second there were 47; the average age of the participants was 19 years. The main methodological technique was a modified version of D. Byrne’s “fake stranger”. Statistical processing of the data included one-way analysis of variance and subsequent assessment of the significance of the differences in the dynamics of the attraction obtained by introducing additional information in the form of positive and negative attitudes corresponding to respondents’ own attitudes. Results. The introduction of additional information about attitudes that coincide with those of the respondent had a significant impact on attraction. The differences between the coincidence of the so-called positive and negative attitudes were analyzed. The authors propose a number of interpretations of the results in line with concepts relevant to modern socio-psychological science, relating to various theoretical orientations (psychoanalysis, cognitivism, interactionism, etc.). Conclusion. In the case of coinciding negative attitudes, the increase of the resulting attraction to the object is more significant than in the case of coinciding positive attitudes.
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Khakhalova, Anna A. "Passion of the Russian Soul in the Context of Nikolai Berdyaev's Philosophy." RUDN Journal of Philosophy 24, no. 4 (December 15, 2020): 609–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-2302-2020-24-4-609-619.
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The paper compares two intellectual traditions, that is, psychoanalysis and Russian philosophy. As a result, it demonstrates the kinship of the main methodological principles of both of these two trends of thinking in twentieth century. First, a psychoanalytic image of the Russian type of cognition is set - this is an existentially loaded experience of asking the truth, carried out by a person from the people. In culture, this image is presented as an agent of truth, usually in need. The following demonstrates the attitude to this image in the work and personal way of knowing N.A. Berdyaev. In this part of the article, a psychoanalytic study of the work of the Russian philosopher is done. In particular, the neurotic nature of N. Berdyaevs letter, which is expressed in the excessive emotionality of the text and the prophetic emphasis, which sets the tone throughout his work, is noted. The main part of the article is devoted to the analysis of the intuitive-symbolic method of working with consciousness in the psychoanalysis of Freud and the philosophy of Berdyaev. Here the author emphasizes the practical side of the psychoanalysis and to how an emotionally and bodily tinted meaning arises in that context. This phenomenological reconstruction allows us to draw a parallel with what constitutes a symbol in the tradition of Russian religious thought, which also notes the experienced nature of the work of obtaining the meaning of a symbolic utterance. In this perspective, the author conducts a hermeneutic reconstruction of the continuity of the method of these two traditions from mystical Christian theology, in which the knowledge of God is understood as a passionately lived experience of communication with the Other, which occupies the status of a lover. This article represents the initial stage of a more detailed study of the relationship between psychoanalysis and Russian philosophy.
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Pacheco, Nicole E. "Examining Racism in Psychoanalytic Training: Perspectives from a Psychiatry Resident." Psychodynamic Psychiatry 49, no. 4 (December 2021): 481–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1521/pdps.2021.49.4.481.
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The author reviews pervasive racial biases in psychoanalysis, spanning from overt instances of racial judgement to the normalized tendencies of internalized racist societal structures on individuals. A personalized account is given addressing how such issues have led to a hesitancy in the author— a Black and Hispanic psychiatry resident—to pursue psychoanalytic training. Institutes can more appropriately acknowledge how racism has affected their patients and the theories of the mind that are commonly promulgated. Academic institutions need to actively engage in creating awareness of racial bias, microaggressions, and uncovering unconscious negative attitudes. This will aid in the development of educational approaches that strive toward racial equality and inclusiveness.
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Weiler, Martin A. "Interpretation of Negative Transference in Nonanalytic Settings." International Journal of Psychiatry in Medicine 17, no. 3 (September 1988): 223–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/ryvu-ppjk-y6dj-18u7.
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This article presents a technique and attitude for dealing with problem or difficult patients, utilizing concepts generated from psychoanalysis for use in settings or contexts that are nonpsychoanalytic. The concepts of transference, counter-transference, resistance, and interpretation of transference are defined for use in nonanalytic contexts. The process of formulation of interpretations, and modes of patient response in nonanalytic contexts are discussed and illustrated with clinical examples. The possible benefits and limitations of this way of relating to problem patients are also discussed from clinical and theoretical perspectives.
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Simon, Bennett. "“Incest—See under Oedipus Complex”: The History of an Error in Psychoanalysis." Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association 40, no. 4 (December 1992): 955–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000306519204000401.
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This paper is intended as a contribution to the understanding of errors in our field. The title refers to the index entries “incest” in several classic psychoanalytic texts. In a way that is analogous to the defenses utilized by survivors of incest, psychoanalysis has both known and not known, avowed and disavowed, the traumatic impact of actual incest. It is argued that psychoanalysis erred in (a) focusing too heavily on the implications of incest for the Oedipus complex instead of its implications for every stage of development, and (b) missing out on the full and detailed description of the clinical pictures of incest victims and of treatment issues, including transference and countertransference. The author presents an overview of the history prompted by Masson's original attack on Freud for abandoning the “seduction hypothesis.” Topics covered are: Freud's early papers, the Freud-Ferenczi controversy (1932), and the state of psychoanalytic awareness in the 1960's of the importance of actual incest. Certain features of our field make it all too likely that new errors can be generated that may similarly lake decades to recognize and undo. These include the politics of our discipline, and negative attitudes toward systematic gathering and assessment of evidence.
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Romadhoni, M. "Dirasah Sikulujiyah Adabiyah Sigmund Freud Fi Syakhshiyah “Samiyah” Fi Masrahiyah Qitath wa Firan Li Ali Ahmad Bakatsir." Journal of Arabic Literature (Jali) 2, no. 1 (January 16, 2021): 79–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.18860/jali.v2i1.10368.
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This study aims to determine the form and causes of the characterization of the character "Samiyah" in the drama "Kucing and Tikus". Using descriptive qualitative methods through a literary psychology approach, this study consider the data in the form of words in the conversational quotes from the drama "Kucing and Tikus". The results of the Freudian personality-psychoanalysis theory show that samiyah is more dominant in the ego which is her natural character from id such as emotional, materialism, riya and ambitious. Superego has regulated or controled attitude and behavior, namely hardworking, obedient, fair, and not easily get provoked.
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Moseson, Elly. "“We Were as Dreamers:” Prayer as the Royal Road to the Unconscious in Hasidism." Numen 69, no. 5-6 (August 31, 2022): 460–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685276-12341665.
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Abstract This study explores the Hasidic psychologization of Jewish mysticism by focusing on the problem of distracting thoughts that arise during prayer, and the attitudes and responses to them that can be found in Hasidic literature. Two different theories of the origins of such thoughts, both attributed to Israel Ba’al Shem Tov, along with various techniques for engaging with them, are described. It is argued that these theories reflect two distinct paradigms, both of which exhibit significant similarities to the dynamic unconscious of psychoanalysis. In addition to tracing the reception of Israel’s ideas on distracting thoughts within the Hasidic movement and without, the study connects them to his activities as a folk healer with a particular concern with treating mental illness.
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Luminet, Olivier, Laurent Licata, Olivier Klein, Valérie Rosoux, Susann Heenen-Wolff, Laurence van Ypersele, and Charles B. Stone. "The interplay between collective memory and the erosion of nation states – the paradigmatic case of Belgium: Introduction to the special issue." Memory Studies 5, no. 1 (December 20, 2011): 3–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1750698011424027.
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The main goal of the special issue on ‘the interplay between collective memory and the erosion of nation states: The paradigmatic case of Belgium’ is to examine the erosion of the Belgian State as an exemplary illustration of the way memories of past events can influence current attitudes, emotions, representations and behaviours. We believe that the recent political crisis in Belgium, with no government for more than one year after the 2010 general elections, could be partly illuminated by the diverging and sometimes contradictory memories each linguistic group (Dutch- vs. French-speakers) in Belgium holds about the past. These issues will be examined through different disciplines from the social sciences and humanities: social psychology, history, psychoanalysis, political sciences, and literature.
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Kloppenberg, Brian. "What Happens When a Trans Patient Happens." Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association 70, no. 3 (June 2022): 525–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00030651221105510.
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Transphobia, now emerging as a limit to the analytic attitude, requires the kind of psychoanalytic investigation that continues in response to misogyny, homophobia, and biphobia, as they figure in both clinical practice and theory building. Without a psychoanalytic investigation into the dynamics of transphobia in psychoanalysis, efforts to conceptualize trans subjects in an analytically open and neutral manner must falter. An exploration of the author’s own efforts to overcome transphobic bias, as well as an analysis of transphobic dynamics in a well-known case in the literature, show some of the challenges that arise when attempts at thinking psychoanalytically get caught up in conscious and unconscious forms of transphobia.
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Bianchi, Ferruccio, Juan Manzano, and Roberta Mondadori. "Casi clinici: La fobia di un bambino di tre anni e l'odio nel transfert. Puň una nevrosi di transfert svilupparsi e risolversi in una terapia breve madre-bambino? (Il caso laurent); Interventi sul caso Laurent." PSICOTERAPIA E SCIENZE UMANE, no. 3 (August 2009): 399–410. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/pu2009-003007.
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- In our therapeutic mother-infant/toddler consultations we emphasize what the child can supply to the understanding of the problem it is presenting, in comparison with other approaches which mainly point to clarify and interpret parental fantasies. We hypothesize that our countertransferential attitude helps the development of the child's transference, and that therapy focuses on its interpretation and resolution, without however neglecting the mother's role. In the present case demonstration, the child developed a real transference neurosis in a brief mother-infant psychotherapy setting with a couple of cotherapists.KEY WORDS: brief mother-infant psychotherapy, transference neurosis in the young child, childhood eating disorders, childhood sexual theories, child psychoanalysis
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Wertz, Frederick J. "The Phenomenology of Sigmund Freud." Journal of Phenomenological Psychology 24, no. 2 (1993): 101–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156916293x00099.
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AbstractThe convergences in approach between Freud's psychoanalysis and Husserl's phenomenology are elaborated. These include philosophical roots in Brentano's teachings; the primacy of direct observation over construction and theory; a conviction about the irreducibility of mentality to nature; the project of a "pure" psychology; the bracketing of theories, preconceptions, and the natural attitude; the necessity of self-reflection and empathy; a relational theory of meaning; receptivity to human subjects as teachers; and the methodological value of fiction for scientific truth. It is argued that divergences between psychoanalytic and phenomenological theory have obscured profound agreement in the approach, subject matter, and methods of these two schools of psychology.
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Saridi, Maria, Aikaterini Kordosi, Aikaterini Toska, Lily Evangelia Peppou, Marina Economou, and Kyriakos Souliotis. "Attitudes of health professionals towards the stigma surrounding depression in times of economic crisis." International Journal of Social Psychiatry 63, no. 2 (January 5, 2017): 115–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020764016685348.
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Introduction: The stigma of mental illness and the ensuing social exclusion are due to the lack of knowledge on the causality of mental illness. Aim: The purpose of this study was to record the stigmatic attitudes of health professionals towards depression, patients suffering from it and the available therapeutic approaches. Material and Methods: The sample of the study included 609 health professionals working in the General Hospital of Corinth. The collection of the empirical material was performed using an anonymous questionnaire. The statistical analysis was performed with the statistical program SPSS 17.0. Results: Although the health professionals showed more optimistic attitudes towards the abilities of the mentally ill, they seem to maintain stereotypes, proving that stigmatization of the mentally ill and prejudice around mental illness continue to exist. Participants identified psychosocial and psychotherapeutic interventions as the most effective forms of therapy, such as supportive social destination (74.4%), healthy eating and physical activity (67.9%), psychoanalysis (60.6%), relaxation techniques (60.5%) and counselling (53.2%), recording ambivalent attitudes towards psychiatric medicines, questioning their effectiveness. The economic crisis has had a direct impact on health professionals as well burdened their psyche (78.3%) and created problems in everyday work (86.7%). Conclusion: Health professionals must be protagonists, free from the stigma attached to mental illness as only in this way will they be able to transmit optimism and feelings of acceptance.
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Marinelli, Lydia, and Andreas Mayer. "Editors' Introduction: Forgetting Freud? For a New Historiography of Psychoanalysis." Science in Context 19, no. 1 (March 2006): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0269889705000736.
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How does the advancement of the sciences relate to the ways in which their founding figures are remembered? According to the stark picture painted by Alfred N. Whitehead in 1917, “the establishment of a reverential attitude towards any statement made by a classical author” had barred the progress of logic for several centuries: “Scholars became commentators on truths too fragile to bear translation. A science which hesitates to forget its founders is lost” (Whitehead 1917, 115). In the eyes of many critics (who often tend to equate science and logic in similar fashion), Sigmund Freud's psychoanalysis may well be an example of such a lost cause. From the founding book The Interpretation of Dreams ([1899] 1900) to his very last statements, Freud never ceased to affirm that psychoanalysis was a science: “What else can it be?” (Freud 1940, 282). Yet not only the fact that he has become one of the classic authors of the twentieth century, but also a number of very specific traits of psychoanalytic institutions (such as the numerous schisms resulting from personal fights between their members) have nourished the suspicion that Freud was less the founder of a science than of a sort of quasi-religious movement, a secular sect thriving on a personality cult.
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Pal, Abhijit. "A Confederacy of Dunces: mental illness in the life and work of John Kennedy Toole." Advances in Psychiatric Treatment 19, no. 6 (November 2013): 467–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/apt.bp.112.010371.
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SummaryThis article examines the life and work of John Kennedy Toole, focusing on his 1981 Pulitzer Prize winning novel A Confederacy of Dunces. Toole finished the novel in 1966 and, after failing to rework his manuscript to his editor's satisfaction, he shelved the project. Following this, he displayed symptoms typical of paranoid schizophrenia and he took his own life at the age of 31. In his novel, Toole parodies both psychoanalysis and the practice of psychiatry at the time, with a strong overlap with the emerging perspectives critical of psychiatry popularised by figures such as Szasz, Laing and Foucault. Toole's life and work have relevance for psychiatrists interested in the relationship between creativity and mental illness, attitudes towards psychiatry in the 1960s, and the interplay between societal values and judgements of mental health.
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Dimitrijevic, Aleksandar. "Trauma as a neglected etiological factor of mental disorders." Sociologija 57, no. 2 (2015): 286–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/soc1502286d.
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Throughout the history of mental health care field, trauma was prescribed different and frequently opposing roles. In psychoanalysis, the attitude toward trauma was ambiguous: it was considered a crucial factor, but at the same time its role could happen to be minimized. In biological psychiatry, it is seen as a dominant cause of some disorders and completely irrelevant for the others. In this paper, two issues are discussed: frequency of traumatic events in general population and among persons with mental disorders; and hypothesized intrapsychic mechanisms that lead to detrimental consequences of trauma on mental health. It is advocated that prevention of early, especially attachment, trauma should be the focus of our work in dealing with mental disorders.