Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Psychoanalysts Attitudes'

For the first time, this program of research has utilised an innovative methodology, combining phenomenology and psychoanalysis, to explore the lived experiences and psychological meanings of three groups of people – nuclear scientists, people with anti-nuclear views, and victims of the Fukushima disaster. Findings revealed some fundamental experiences of nuclear energy and technology including: hiddenness; spatial and temporal horizons transcending human life; annihilation terror; and the significance of human trust. The findings extend our understanding of the human dimension of nuclear energy and technology, and pave the way for further psychological and philosophical interrogation.

This study was designed to examine psychology graduate students' attitudes toward gay men and lesbian women. It was hypothesized that the following variables would predict participants' attitudes toward gay men and lesbian women: participant gender, amount of client contact with gay men and lesbian women, and gender role attitudes. Additionally, a measure of social desirability was included to investigate the validity of responses. Data were analyzed by conducting an independent t-test, a correlated t-test, and hierarchical multiple regression. Results indicated that gay men were viewed more negatively than were lesbian women. As expected, participants' gender role attitudes significantly predicted their attitudes toward gay men and lesbian women. Contrary to predicted outcomes, results indicated that neither participant gender nor client contact predicted attitudes toward homosexuality. Finally, results suggested that participants were not engaging in socially desirable responding. Implications of this study for research, theory, and practice are discussed.
Department of Counseling Psychology and Guidance Services

L’insécurité routière est un problème de santé publique. Il n' y a pas de recherche qui a exploré la psychanalyse de Zizek pour comprendre le comportement du conducteur. Cette recherche est basée sur l'approche interdisciplinaire dans le cadre du mouvement "Transformative Social Marketing". La contribution théorique présente une nouvelle vision du comportement basée sur des concepts psychanalytiques de Slavoj Zizek pour comprendre le comportement du conducteur, comme une première en Théorie marketing. Elle présente trois groupes basés sur la triade Réel-Symbolique-Imaginaire qui oriente le comportement vers le respect/non respect du code de la route. La contribution méthodologique est "la carte psychanalytique" qui tient compte de la complexité du comportement. La contribution pratique est l'acte authentique, provenant du conducteur pour personnaliser le message adéquat dans sa voiture ainsi que le changer en utilisant la technologie "VANet" en tenant en compte de l'aspect routinier de l'acte de conduire
The disobedience of traffic rules is a public health problem. There is an absence of understanding driving behavior from Zizekian psychoanalysis. The general scope of this research is based on the interdisciplinary approach in a Transformative Social Marketing. The theoretical implication presents a new view of human behavior inspired from Zizekian psychoanalysis (based on "conscious/unconscious" in a continuous process, Real-Symbolic-Imaginary Triad, Reflexivity, Interpassivity, authentic act). Three groups (Pleasing, Care, Refuge) emerge from the Real-Symbolic-Imaginary Triad that orients behaviors to obey or disobey traffic rules. The methodological implication is the "psychoanalytic map" as a new methodological tool for more understanding the complexity of driving behavior. The practical implication is an authentic act, emerged from the driver, to choose a personalized message which changes after a period using VANet technology

Exercise has been shown to improve mood, anxiety, stress, and promote neuroplasticity (Conn, 2010; Donaghy, 2007; Josefsson, Lindwall, & Archer, 2014; Silveria et al., 2013; Stathopoulou et al., 2006). However, limited research on the topic suggests that many psychologists and mental health providers are not incorporating exercise into psychological treatment, and many lack the confidence to do so (Burton, Pakenham, & Brown, 2010; Weir, 2011). The purpose of this study was to evaluate current exercise prescription trends among practicing psychologists and trainees, including identifying their current beliefs, attitudes, training, and the perceived barriers hindering psychotherapists from recommending and prescribing exercise. Psychologists and trainees (N = 146), completed the Exercise in Mental Illness Questionnaire – Health Practitioner Version (EMIQ-HP). Results revealed: a) 40.4% (n = 59) of psychotherapists prescribed exercise only occasionally and recommended clients exercise “most days of the week,” at moderate intensity; b) older psychotherapists’ (t[163] = -2.15, p = .038) and trainees further along in training (t[163] = 2.26, p = .029)were both more likely to prescribe exercise (F[9, 36] = 9.27, p = .011, R2= .42); c) exercise habits of respondents were not significant predictors of exercise prescription; d) a small number of respondents (22.6%; n = 33) reported previous formal training in exercise prescription; and formal training (β = .39, p < .001) was positively correlated with exercise prescription [F(1, 144) = 26.99, p < .001, R2= .16]; and e) therapist barriers (β = -.39, p < .001; e.g., “Prescribing exercise to people with a mental illness is not part of my job…I do not know how to prescribe exercise to people with a mental illness…I don’t believe exercise will help people with a mental illness,” etc.) were inversely related with exercise prescription, F[2, 145] = 27.03, p < .001; R2= .27. In conclusion, psychotherapists’ age, year in graduate school (for trainees; n = 55), and formal training in exercise prescription were significant predictors of exercise prescription, while higher perceived therapist barriers to exercise prescription hinder prescription practices. Study findings, limitations, and future research directions are discussed.

A pesquisa e a clínica investigativa, no âmbito das psicoses precoces e do autismo, levantam questões concernentes às interfaces da Medicina e da Psicologia. A mudança de modelos e hipóteses de uma nosografia classificatória e diagnóstica, tal qual conhecemos tradicionalmente nos manuais especializados, para uma dimensão temporal dos processos psicopatológicos se torna essencial, acarretando uma inevitável redefinição das funções do médico e do psicólogo. Esta dissertação apresenta a obra de Nielle Puig-Vergès e o seu método de epistemologia clínica comparativa na prática diagnóstica e terapêutica de crianças autistas e psicóticas, junto com suas famílias. A autora tem suas principais referências teóricas na tradição filosófica da fenomenologia de Husserl e na vertente psicanalítica definida por Freud, Ferenczi e Bion. No desenvolvimento deste trabalho, serão discutidas as profundas modificações teóricas e metodológicas para efetivar a passagem de um modelo de atendimento fundado na preocupação classificatória das moléstias a um outro modelo em que os profissionais implicados deverão tornar-se capazes de, no limite, criar uma linguagem terapêutica particular com cada um dos seus pacientes. O trabalho de Puig-Vergès dá o arcabouço da constituição e organização de equipes pluridisciplinares no âmbito desse novo foco na saúde, e não na doença.
The research and the investigative clinic, in the context of early psychosis, raise questions concerning the interfaces of Medicine and Psychology. The change in a nosography worried with classification and diagnosis, as traditionally shown by specialized compendiums, becomes essential, in order to include a temporal dimension of psychopathological processes, bringing an unavoidable redefinition of the functions of both the physician and the psychologist. This dissertation presents the work of Nielle Puig-Vergès and her method of comparative clinic epistemology in the therapeutic and diagnostic activities concerning autistic and psychotic children, together with their families. The author has as main theoretical references the philosophical tradition of Husserl \'s phenomenology and the psychoanalytical path defined by Freud, Ferenczi and Bion. In this dissertation, it will be discussed the deep theoretical and methodological changes needed_to put into effect the change from a model of attendance based on the preoccupation with classifying diseases to a model in which the professionals engaged should be able of, in the limit, creating a specific therapeutic language with each one of their patients. The work of Puig-Vergès gives the framework for the constitution and organization of multidisciplinary teams in the context of this new focus on the health, and not on the disease.

Este trabalho, fundamentando-se no referencial psicanalítico, estuda o fenômeno HIV/aids a partir do discurso de quatro pessoas vivendo com aids, entrevistados individualmente ao longo de três anos. O referencial psicanalítico funcionou como ferramenta teórico-metodológica para a condução das entrevistas, assim como para a leitura do material produzido nos encontros com os sujeitos da pesquisa. Foram fundamentais as concepções da Teoria dos Campos e de clínica extensa do psicanalista brasileiro Fabio Herrmann, as quais possibilitam o emprego do método psicanalítico num território fora do setting clássico, incluindo a pesquisa acadêmica. Este trabalho partiu do pressuposto de que as patologias, sobretudo as crônicas e incuráveis, provocam uma ferida narcísica em suas vítimas. No caso da aids, isso seria exacerbado pela vulnerabilidade que a doença provoca, pelos efeitos adversos dos remédios e pelos estigmas sociais que lhe estão associados. O objetivo da pesquisa foi verificar quais são as estratégias psíquicas que os doentes utilizam para enfrentar essa situação e para tentar reparar essa ferida. Constatou-se que essas pessoas se sentem arremessadas dentro de um campo do “angustiante” [das Ängstlichen] quando se percebem submersos por essa moléstia. A reação do eu para lidar com esse angustiante lhe provocaria uma cisão (Ichspaultung), fazendo com que a realidade aterrorizadora possa coexistir psiquicamente com o desejo de reparar a ferida narcísica e com um luto indelével por si mesmo. Dessa forma, a aids é incorporada à dinâmica psíquica do doente nos termos daquilo que Freud denominou de das Unheimliche. O eu, graças a seu poder de síntese, mesmo combalido por uma força externa impiedosa, pode ser capaz de confrontá-la e se manter integrado, apesar das perdas irreparáveis.
This production, based on the psychoanalytical work, studies the HIV/AIDS phenomenon, from the speech of four AIDS patients, who have been interviewed for three years. The psychoanalytical reference functioned as a methodological and theoretical tool in order to run the interviews, as well as for the reading of the material produced along the meetings with the subjects of the research. The conceptions of the Multiple Fields Theory and the extense clinic by the Brazilian Psychoanalyst Fabio Herrmann have been of great importance, which support the usage of the psychoanalytical method, outside the classical setting, including academic research. This piece of work gets from the assumption of which the pathologies, mainly the chronicle and incurable ones, induce a narcissistic injury over their victims. When it comes to AIDS, this situation would become aggravated by the vulnerability that the disease provokes, by the adverse effects of the medicines and by the social stigmas which are linked to them. The aim of the research was verifying what psychic strategies the patients use in order to face such situation and to try to fix this wound. It was proved that the AIDS patients feel themselves thrown into a field of “angst” [das Ängstlichen] when they realize they are submerged by this disease. The ego reaction to deal the distressing field would provoke an ego splitting (Spaultung), occurring that the frightening reality is able to psychically coexist with the desire of repairing the narcissistic wound and with the indelible mourning by itself. In that case, AIDS is shared in the psychic dynamic of the patient in terms of what that Freud named as das Unheimliche. The ego, thanks to its synthesis power, even though it is grown weak by an outside and merciless force, may be able to face it and keep integrated, although the irreparable losses.

Dissertação de mestrado em Psicopatologia e Psicologia Clínica
Será que um mal passou a banal, foi a questão de partida para analisarmos diferentes perspectivas sociais sobre a SIDA, doença que coloca um amplo espectro de inquietações, mas com a qual convivemos já quase pacificamente. Esta dissertação procura encontrar nos discursos sociais sobre a doença, em particular nos discursos religioso, científico e psicológico, a evolução do pensamento social, bem como as invariantes que lhe são próprias. A metodologia utilizada fundamenta-se na teoria psicanalítica como procura de compreensão de um facto social, seguindo os passos da análise de conteúdo. Começamos por abordar o significado psicológico da doença para nos centrarmos na temática da SIDA, numa breve história, caracterização e seu significado no plano individual e social. Na triangulação teórica Freud, Melanie Klein e Bion, desenvolvemos os fundamentos conceptuais que servem de base à nossa interpretação. Com Freud retomámos os aspectos essenciais do narcisismo e da fragilidade narcísica. Seguidamente com Klein revisitámos os conceitos de ansiedade paranóide / depressiva, clivagem e identificação projectiva. Por último, com Bion seguimos as particularidades da sua teoria dos grupos. O último capítulo constitui o nosso objecto de reflexão. Refere-se à interpretação dos artigos de jornal, publicados no período compreendido entre 1990 e 1999, que nos foram facultados pela Comissão Nacional de Luta Contra a SIDA. Os textos foram sistematizados nos três discursos base: psicológico, cientifico e religioso, constituindo cada um deles uma categoria da nossa análise. Seleccionadas as expressões significativas, procedemos à sua análise elegendo em cada um dos discursos, as invariantes interpretativas (as sub-categorias). A sistematização dos dados obtidos mostra a evolução das atitudes sociais face à SIDA ao longo dos anos em estudo e são sobretudo reflexo da reprodução de um discurso que se mantém quase imutável em cada um deles. A reflexão crítica, permite-nos afirmar que as inferências feitas são plenamente justificadas à luz dos conceitos interpretativos que seguimos. De facto, o "racional" do discurso científico, onde as sub-categorias dominantes são o conhecimento e limitação, parece não saber lidar com o irracional, ou seja, o lugar aonde o limite (científico) se gera é o mesmo onde o fantasma se produz. Já o discurso religioso se paradoxaliza face à SIDA, pois ao mesmo tempo que culpabiliza procura a integração e o cuidado ao doente. O discurso produzido ou é de negação (desmentido da realidade), ou de triunfo e/ou desprezo sobre a própria realidade. Quanto ao discurso psicológico, dominando a fragilidade narcísica, revela-nos que nem o cientismo dominante consegue iludir os problemas próprios à espécie humana (a dor mental, o desamparo). Por outro lado, o predomínio de ansiedades confusionais nos sujeitos com SIDA não surpreende, uma vez que o lugar do sujeito desejante é radicalmente o mesmo onde se condena à morte.

Thesis (MEd )--Stellenbosch University, 2011.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Employment in capitalist society forms the foundation of social, economic and political order where most individuals between the ages of 18 and 65 are assumed to be in a position to procure gainful employment in their areas of personal interest. Despite the move to democracy, based on the principles implicit in the Human Rights Movement, individuals with disabilities continue to exist as among the most economically disadvantaged groups in society where they are subject to the sustained effects of discriminatory and prejudicial attitudes in the workplace. This is compounded by the pervasive impact of lack of skills development; poor access to education and training; lack of awareness from employers; disabling environments and poor policy development. The purpose of this narrative inquiry was to explore the alternative stories of six individuals with disabilities who are currently employed in the mainstream labour sector as a means to gain insights into individual experiences of obstacles and facilitators to inclusion in the world of work. A narrative inquiry approach, embedded in a critical, emancipatory research paradigm formed the methodology for this study. This thesis was considered through the lens of an integrated theoretical approach, drawing on poststructuralist and social constructionist thought, interspersed with "episodes" of Lacanian psychoanalysis to attend to aspects of internalized oppression. Six individuals with disabilities, employed in the mainstream labour sector, were selected from three sites, using a purposive sampling method. Data were collected by way of two in-depth unstructured narrative interviews, constructed by way of personal experience stories (Squire, 2008; Riessman, 1993) and life stories (Atkinson, 1998) as a means to explore participants‟ unique life experiences and how they have constructed and asserted their professional identities in the world of work. A dual analysis process (first descriptive, then interpretive) was employed to bring structure and interpretation to the collected texts. Descriptive analysis involved the re-telling of participants‟ personal experience and life stories, using Clandinin and Connelly‟s three dimensional narrative inquiry space, whilst interpretive analysis sought to attend to the universal stories of disability using thematic analysis and synthesis. The key messages from the narratives revealed that in spite of the fact that many individuals with disabilities demonstrate immense loyalty, low rates of absenteeism, commitment and a range of skills, talents and abilities, disability continues to be conceptualized as an inferior status which inevitably creates widespread marginalization due to the pervasive effects of stigma, fear and ignorance. Many are not privy to vital education and training options as a precursor to entry into the labour market, and unequal salary structures, environmental barriers and physical accessibility are additional constraints which preclude full and equal participation in the mainstream labour sector. This study identified the efficacy of narrative inquiry etched within an integrated theoretical approach as the promise that disability studies has been waiting for. A crucial step in re-writing the historically disabling scripts related to the “disabled identity”, as a means to lobby for more inclusive strategies in the workplace, involves truly listening to the polyphony of individual voices from an emancipatory perspective.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Gelyke werksgeleenthede en indiensneming vorm die grondslag van die sosiale, ekonomiese en politieke bedeling in 'n kapitalistiese samelewing. Die aanname is dat die meerderheid individue tussen die ouderdomme van 18 en 65 besoldigde betrekkings kan beklee waarin hulle belangstel. Ten spyte van die verskuiwing na 'n demokrasie wat gebaseer is op die beginsels van die Menseregtebeweging, is individue met gestremdhede steeds deel van 'n ekonomies benadeelde groepering as gevolg van diskriminasie en vooroordele in die werksplek. Hierdie situasie word vererger deur die deurlopende impak van 'n tekort aan vaardighede, beperkte toegang tot onderwys en opleiding, werkgewers se beperkte bewustheid van individue met gestremdheid se behoeftes en potensiaal, ontoeganklike werksomgewings en leemtes in beleidsontwikkeling. Die doel van hierdie narratiewe ondersoek was daarom 'n verkenning van alternatiewe verhale van ses individue met fisiese gestremdheid wat werksaam is in die ope arbeidsmark ten einde insig te kry in hul individuele ervarings van hindernisse en ondersteuning in die werksplek. Die metodologie van hierdie studie kan tipeer word as 'n narratiewe ondersoekbenadering wat gevestig is in 'n krities-emansipatoriese navorsingsparadigma. Die lens van die studie was dus 'n geïntegreerde teoretiese benadering van post-strukturalistiese en sosio-konstruksionistiese denke en "episodes" van Lakan se psigoanalise om aspekte van geïnternaliseerde onderdrukking te verstaan. Ses individue met fisiese gestremdheid wat werksaam is in die ope arbeidsmark is doelbewus gekies uit drie werksplekke. Data is gegenereer deur twee ongestruktureerde narratiewe onderhoude in die vorm van vertellings oor persoonlike ervarings (Squire, 2008; Riessman, 1993) en lewensverhale (Atkinson, 1998). Die deelnemers se unieke lewenservarings en hul konstruksie en handhawing van hul professionele identiteit in die werksplek was die fokus van die datagenerering. 'n Tweeledige proses van analise (eers beskrywend, daarna interpreterend) is gevolg om die teks te struktureer en te interpreteer. Beskrywende analise, gebaseer op Clandinin en Connelly se driedimensionele narratiewe ruimte, behels die oorvertel van deelnemers se persoonlike ervaring en lewensverhale. Die interpreterende analise daarenteen gebruik tematiese analise en sintese van die universele stories. Die sentrale tema van die narratiewe is dat gestremdheid steeds gekonseptualiseer word as minderwaardig, ten spyte van hierdie individue se ongekende lojaliteit, min afwesigheid, toegewydheid en omvang van vaardighede, talente en vermoëns. Die stigma, vrese en onkundigheid wat daarmee gepaard gaan lei tot marginalisering. Baie persone met gestremdhede het steeds nie toegang tot onderwys en opleidingsgeleenthede nie en voldoen dus nie aan die vereistes wat gestel word vir toegang tot die arbeidsmark nie. Oneweredige salarisstrukture, hindernisse in die omgewing en fisiese toeganklikheid belemmer volledige en gelyke deelname in die ope arbeidsmark. Hierdie studie bevestig die bruikbaarheid van narratiewe navorsing en 'n geïntegreerde teoretiese benadering in gestremdheidstudies. 'n Belangrike stap is die herskryf van die historiese beskouings van onbekwaamheid en “gestremde identiteit” as 'n poging om te onderhandel vir meer inklusiewe strategieë in die werkplek. Dit behels opregte luister na die individuele stemme vanuit 'n emansipatoriese perspektief.

Critical voices have long pointed out that contemporary Western civilization has a twisted relationship with death. Many scholars seem to agree on one point: we are living in a culture of death denial, death phobia and death illiteracy. Death has the gravity to break the cultural hypnosis of living a life without limits; thus it plays a central cultural role in the meaning-making and identity-forming processes. However, the argument that a death-phobic culture has removed death from everyday life is not wholly accurate. At the same time that physical death has been removed from everyday life, representations of death have become pervasive in contemporary cultural representation, with seemingly endless depictions of graphic violence and death. This cultural phenomenon of death in the media brings into question the consensus that death denial is a central cultural attitude. Our relationship with death and violence and their interplay points to a schism between the private and public handling of death. Psychoanalytic theories of the death drive — or Thanatos — first introduced by Sigmund Freud and then further developed by scholars such as Herbert Marcuse and Jacques Lacan, offer an explanatory framework for understanding the ambivalent role of death and violence in our culture and how this cultural framework shapes identity. Building on the psychoanalytic theory of the death drive, I argue that this schism in our relationship with death produces a trait within the individual that is constituted by the inability to think about death, coupled with an obsessional relationship with violent death and an excessive materialism. The constant reciprocity of the anxious individual and a death-phobic society creates a status quo in which the absence of mortality contemplation accelerates selves that yearn to generate meaning through materialism and yet are unable to meet the existential limits of life and environment. I argue that consumerism is the prevalent death drive in contemporary culture and that it entails marginalizing authentic awareness of mortality for the sake of symbolic immortality. For Erich Fromm, the death drive is a character trait of malignant aggression, or what he calls necrophilia. In this thesis I put forward the idea of the necrophile self — the cultural trait of death phobia within the individual. I argue that the sense of self in late capitalist society is constituted by the very thing we deny and most fear; death (deadness) becomes us.
Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, School of Humanities, 2018

This thesis confronts the ‘taken-for-granted’ nature of money. It explores the word ‘money’ itself, contrasting the way it is used/defined in the economics discourse with the way it has been approached in the psychological discourse. The thesis crosses disciplinary boundaries in an attempt to come closer to the everyday, personal experience of money. It unwraps the childhood history of money, showing how adult money attitudes emerge from unconscious predispositions and childhood experience. It demonstrates the importance of ‘control’ as a variable and the lifelong balancing act which takes place between spending and saving. Today, the form of money is in the process of change. It has undergone significant changes before: the nineteenth century adoption of paper money upset the bullionists as much as plastic or virtual money can unsettle traditionalists at the end of the twentieth century. Attitudes to the underlying substance 'money' remain relevant, whatever physical form the currency takes. Thus, gold and silver coins, the treasure of childhood pirate stories, may retain mental currency long after their demise as physical currency. Indeed, the more money becomes abstracted from something tangible, the more it is necessary to understand the primal nature of the underpinning attitudes that are affected.