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1
Domash, Leanne. "Creating Therapeutic “Space”: How Architecture and Design Can Inform Psychoanalysis." Psychoanalytic Perspectives 11, no. 2 (May 4, 2014): 94–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1551806x.2014.897854.
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Su, Hong Zhi. "Systems Scientific Analysis of Architecture Adaptability Design." Applied Mechanics and Materials 744-746 (March 2015): 2165–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.744-746.2165.
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Architecture is the arena on which man's life unfolds, due to the constant changes taking place in life, deformability is demanded to increase the adaptability of modern Architecture. Thus, to achieve such deformability, research on the systematic hierarchy of architectures is carried out; indicating that the hierarchies are the intermediary of the inner transformation of the architecture and the formation process of architecture system is a process of gradual differentiation. With the development of the gradual differentiation process, the flexibility of architecture begins to fail while increasing its determinacy. The key point determining the adaptability of architectures lies in the inter-transformation between the various levels of sub-hierarchy systems. According to the complexity and hierarchy of the transformation, categorization and analysis with future study on the performance manifestation of architectural adaptability design are implemented.
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de Muynck, Bert. "Architecture on the move: Urban and architectural design in Inner Mongolia." Continuum 23, no. 2 (April 2009): 209–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10304310802710538.
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Troya, Alfonso, Koushik Maharatna, Milos Krstic, Eckhard Grass, Ulrich Jagdhold, and Rolf Kraemer. "Efficient Inner Receiver Design for OFDM-Based WLAN Systems: Algorithm and Architecture." IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications 6, no. 4 (April 2007): 1374–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/twc.2007.348334.
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Ma, Li. "Study on the Architecture Materials Design of Art and Clothing Materials Design." Advanced Materials Research 743 (August 2013): 82–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.743.82.
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The building is enclosed the spatial structure of the human lifestyle, and clothing is the "packaging" of the people, with modesty naked. The building on the space recorded the development and progress of human society, and the clothing reflects the development of human civilization. In this paper, the use of color, body composition and materials of the three aspects of clothing and architecture are discussed similarities and similarities in terms of design, In addition, from the official architectural culture and clothing culture, literati building materials culture and clothing culture and folk building materials culture and clothing materials culture demonstrates the culture intrinsic link between architectural culture clothing culture of mutual learning and mutual influence. To further illustrate the architecture and clothing appears to be two different professional, but in terms of design and culture, between each other is a profound inner link, Both organically combined, will be able to better develop the architectural design and fashion design.
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Jerković-Babović, Bojana. "Fluid state of architecture." SAJ - Serbian Architectural Journal 11, no. 3 (2019): 501–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/saj1903501j.
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This paper focuses on the changes in architectural aesthetic criteria, from static to dynamic values of both figurative and non-figurative aspects in contemporary architecture and its cultural context. Fluid state of architecture refers to the notions of constant variability occurring in relations between architecture and contemporary cultural context of globalisation. Contemporary context dynamises everyday perceptual experiences, living conditions and terms of spatial appropriations. Accordingly, new networking phenomena appearing on informational, communicational and spatial levels transform the city and architecture into constant process of flows, dematerialising its elements into the new fluid, variable character. Architectural aesthetic qualities simultaneously shift trough events and effects affirmation over static formal whole in transformation from objective to (inter)subjective aesthetic spatial experience. This paper is based on hypothesis that contemporary architecture is characterised by the loss of object singularity in terms of contextual conditions and assimilation of particular characters into the dynamic character of the whole. Therefore, architectural design principles shift through dispersion of disciplinary boundaries and boundaries of inner and outer architectural space, hybridity and typological definition loss. This paper presents how dematerialisation of architectural values transforms contemporary architectural space into the complex dynamic system of infrastructure, flows, events and effects.
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She, Xing, Yi Pu, and Le Zhang. "Expression of “Vivid Inner Temperament” in the Contemporary Environmental Design." Advanced Materials Research 490-495 (March 2012): 2188–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.490-495.2188.
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Currently, environment design tends to be more diversification; inheriting essence of national culture and improve the taste of architecture and environment has been become inevitable of development of era. Build " Vivid inner temperament" is one of principles of creation in the ancient Chinese art, now it should become one of the important methods of environmental design
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Guo, Yi Zhang. "Analysis on Building Sculpture Art from the Perspective of Deconstructivism." Applied Mechanics and Materials 357-360 (August 2013): 71–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.357-360.71.
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In order to make sculpture art into the architecture, based on the development of sculpture and architecture, the inner relations of sculpture and architecture was analyzed and compared. Combining with the practical construction scheme design, sculpture art was entered in the process of the interior space and elevation design, so that the architecture absorbed aesthetic elements of sculpture representation, and building forms breakthrough constraints of various kinds of building ontology factors. The results show that the sculpture language is used in architecture, building is more expressive and inclusive, so as to realize the perfect combination of art and practical function. The deconstructive architecture provides plenty of theory and practical basis for the sculpture of building.
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Abu elreish, Azhari Ebeid, and Eka Cahya Prima. "The Role of Culture on Islamic Architecture." Jurnal Kajian Peradaban Islam 4, no. 1 (April 25, 2021): 30–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.47076/jkpis.v4i1.42.
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Islamic architecture is an ongoing argument for an extended period. Is it Islamic architecture, Muslim architecture, or architecture in Islam? Is it just visual elements or a way to use the inner space? Whatever the answer is, we will use the term Islamic architecture in this paper. To search and dig out the identities of so-called Islamics. This paper is seeking after these identities and their relations with Islamic culture to solve international architecture concepts without modifications or adaptation. The main goal is to extract the sociocultural aspects that define that architecture to be called Islamic Architecture. An analytical research method uses some attempts to interact the environmental conditions and social aspects with cultural and religious values to define Islamic architecture's identity. The study result and summary could be used to evaluate the satisfaction of the built environment of Muslims when and wherever they are. As a comprehensive result, Islamic Design Principles, Islamic Planning Principles, and Islamic Urban Design Principles could be extracted from Islamic sources and used everywhere at any time by anybody. These design principles may be used to upgrade the workability of the existing residential buildings simply by revising the opening's location, heights, and treatments. Architecture with that dynamic, flexible culture gives its identity a chance to compete globally to survive locally.
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Danze, Elizabeth A., and Stephen M. Sonnenberg. "Commentary on Adele tutter’s “Design as Dream and Self-Representation." Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association 60, no. 3 (June 2012): 533–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0003065112449188.
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In this discussion of Adele Tutter’s “Design as Dream and Self-Representation: Philip Johnson and the Glass House of Atreus” ( JAPA 59/3), the architect Elizabeth Danze and the psychoanalyst Stephen Sonnenberg highlight what they see as the most important of Tutter’s contributions as regards an understanding of Johnson’s work. They then discuss those contributions as they illuminate the study of the relationship of architecture and design, on the one hand, and psychoanalysis on the other.
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Lin, R., and S. Olariu. "Fast Inner Product Computation on Short Buses." VLSI Design 14, no. 4 (January 1, 2002): 337–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10655140290011140.
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We propose a VLSI inner product processor architecture involving broadcasting only over short buses (containing less than 64 switches). The architecture leads to an efficient algorithm for the inner product computation. Specifically, it takes 13 broadcasts, each over less than 64 switches, plus 2 carry-save additions (tcsa) and 2 carry-lookahead additions (tcla) to compute the inner product of two arrays of N=29 elements, each consisting of m=64 bits. Using the same order of VLSI area, our algorithm runs faster than the best known fast inner product algorithm of Smith and Torng [“Design of a fast inner product processor,” Proceedings of IEEE 7th Symposium on Computer Arithmetic (1985)], which takes about 28 tcsa + tcla for the computation.
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Ginting, Nurlisa, and Neny Wiyanti. "Planning of Tigaras Dock in Simalungun Regency (With Organic Architecture Design Approach)." International Journal of Architecture and Urbanism 2, no. 2 (August 20, 2018): 138–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.32734/ijau.v2i2.399.
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Simalungun Regency is an autonomous region that has quite a wealth of natural resources that require maximum development. Tourism development in Simalungun Regency has a very significant and strategic meaning. A tourism sector is a mainstay plane that is expected to support the development of regional development. The tourism is also not free from the available facilities and infrastructure such as port as a means of transport inter-island liaison. The Tigaras Ferry pier is one of the existing ports to connect the Tigaras districts with Simanindo in Samosir District. Tigaras dock at this time not so noticed by the local government, but the area is an alternative port in the field as a liaison to the island of Samosir through Simanindo pier. Supporting infrastructure in the region is also inadequate. The arrangement of Tigaras and the design of dock terminal building and public place using organic theme then produce that connect the aspect of the outer and inner space. Buildings with the formation of a mass of course organic, as well as the public area that can attract visitors to be more environmentally conscious. Through this revitalization, the designer hopes to facilitate passengers or people who will cross to Samosir Island by using this Tigaras dock.
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Melo, Douglas R., Cesar A. Zeferino, Luigi Dilillo, and Eduardo A. Bezerra. "Maximizing the Inner Resilience of a Network-on-Chip through Router Controllers Design." Sensors 19, no. 24 (December 9, 2019): 5416. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19245416.
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Reducing component size and increasing the operating frequency of integrated circuits makes the Systems-on-Chip (SoCs) more susceptible to faults. Faults can cause errors, and errors can be propagated and lead to a system failure. SoCs employing many cores rely on a Network-on-Chip (NoC) as the interconnect architecture. In this context, this study explores alternatives to implement the flow regulation, routing, and arbitration controllers of an NoC router aiming at minimizing error propagation. For this purpose, a router with Finite-State Machine (FSM)-based controllers was developed targeting low use of logical resources and design flexibility for implementation in FPGA devices. We elaborated and compared the synthesis and simulation results of architectures that vary their controllers on Moore and Mealy FSMs, as well as the Triple Modular Redundancy (TMR) hardening application. Experimental results showed that the routing controller was the most critical one and that migrating a Moore to a Mealy controller offered a lower error propagation rate and higher performance than the application of TMR. We intended to use the proposed router architecture to integrate cores in a fault-tolerant NoC-based system for data processing in harsh environments, such as in space applications.
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Huang, Yan Yan, Hong Chen, and Shi Chao Deng. "Heat Insulation Research on Double-Skin of Architecture in Hot Summer Area." Advanced Materials Research 860-863 (December 2013): 1252–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.860-863.1252.
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This article takes the example of the architectural skin of Wuhan Construction Plaza with the curtain wall reconstructed. By actual thermal performance measurement of architectural skin of the building, datas such as surface temperature of inner and outer skin component, temperature and wind speed between air spaces are obtained for collating and analyzing, the effect of double-skin on thermal performance of building envelope in actual engineering application is studied, and heat insulation of the applied double-skin in the passive energy-efficient design is therefore verified. This article is to provide a reference to the double-skin energy-efficient design in the hot summer area as well as to provide ideas for research and application of passive building energy saving.
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Almajidi, Basim Hasan, and Tuqa Mahmood Hameed. "The role of the Internal courtyard in organizing the function and shaping architecture." Association of Arab Universities Journal of Engineering Sciences 27, no. 2 (June 30, 2020): 135–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.33261/jaaru.2020.27.2.012.
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Despite the development of architecture, the courtyard remained one of the most important methods of preserving the privacy and suitability of the environmental and social aspects as well as its role in the process of regulating the spatial relations between the mass and the vacuum, highlighting the importance, especially in light of the increasing seriousness of slums in the design and neglect of its role in the architectural form and reflections of the shape of the courtyard In the form of the composition of the building, thus the problem of the search was (Lack of cognitive perception available on the role of the internal courtyard in the organization of the function of architecture and its implications at the level of bilateral and three-dimensional mass configuration). And the approach of research to clarify the architectural characteristics of the structured internal courtyard and its functions and strategy as well as the patterns of spatial structure through the construction of knowledge framework, and then a comprehensive theoretical framework of the internal courtyard structured derived from the architectural proposals to reflect the final in four main words: The architectural characteristics of the structured inner courtyard, the spatial structure patterns of the structured inner courtyard, the functions of the organized inner courtyard, and the structured interior design strategy. It has been applied to selected projects to clarify the extent to which these indicators are achieved and to reach conclusions, which showed the existence of a relationship between the two (vacuum and mass) on the one hand and between the two (vacuum, and spatial organization of the spaces) on the other hand, and three aspects: Mass formation, function formation, and movement configuration", reflecting the internal courtyard structure in terms of simplicity or complexity.
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Peng, Ming Liang, and Dai Ping Li. "The Analysis and Design of COS Interface Model." Applied Mechanics and Materials 644-650 (September 2014): 3877–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.644-650.3877.
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First, through analysis on the smart card development environment about the smart card chip structure and chip physical characteristics .Second,it chooses three different chips as the research object to parse out the common ground of inner architecture between the three chips ,to abstract the virtual model of chip, and to design an interface of the COS underlying driver that encapsulates the smart card. Finally it implements driven interface of smart card hardware through function lists.
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Krieger, Jakob, Marie K. Hörnig, and Mark E. Laidre. "Shells as ‘extended architecture’: to escape isolation, social hermit crabs choose shells with the right external architecture." Animal Cognition 23, no. 6 (August 8, 2020): 1177–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10071-020-01419-7.
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AbstractAnimals’ cognitive abilities can be tested by allowing them to choose between alternatives, with only one alternative offering the correct solution to a novel problem. Hermit crabs are evolutionarily specialized to navigate while carrying a shell, with alternative shells representing different forms of ‘extended architecture’, which effectively change the extent of physical space an individual occupies in the world. It is unknown whether individuals can choose such architecture to solve novel navigational problems. Here, we designed an experiment in which social hermit crabs (Coenobita compressus) had to choose between two alternative shells to solve a novel problem: escaping solitary confinement. Using X-ray microtomography and 3D-printing, we copied preferred shell types and then made artificial alterations to their inner or outer shell architecture, designing only some shells to have the correct architectural fit for escaping the opening of an isolated crab’s enclosure. In our ‘escape artist’ experimental design, crabs had to choose an otherwise less preferred shell, since only this shell had the right external architecture to allow the crab to free itself from isolation. Across multiple experiments, crabs were willing to forgo preferred shells and choose less preferred shells that enabled them to escape, suggesting these animals can solve novel navigational problems with extended architecture. Yet, it remains unclear if individuals solved this problem through trial-and-error or were aware of the deeper connection between escape and exterior shell architecture. Our experiments offer a foundation for further explorations of physical, social, and spatial cognition within the context of extended architecture.
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Power, Mark, and Sunand Prasad. "Schools for the future: inner city secondary education exemplar." Architectural Research Quarterly 7, no. 3-4 (September 2003): 262–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1359135503002227.
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The kind of investigation that the Department of Education and Skills (DfES) has brought about through its exemplar design initiative should be commonplace in architectural culture. For an exemplar design is, or should be, an embodiment of theory in a particularly clear and intense way. The DfES has given 11 architects the opportunity to theorize school environments and contribute realizable ideal designs in the context of the biggest investment in primary and secondary education for over a generation.
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Werner, Maike, Nicholas A. Kurniawan, and Carlijn V. C. Bouten. "Cellular Geometry Sensing at Different Length Scales and its Implications for Scaffold Design." Materials 13, no. 4 (February 21, 2020): 963. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13040963.
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Geometrical cues provided by the intrinsic architecture of tissues and implanted biomaterials have a high relevance in controlling cellular behavior. Knowledge of how cells sense and subsequently respond to complex geometrical cues of various sizes and origins is needed to understand the role of the architecture of the extracellular environment as a cell-instructive parameter. This is of particular interest in the field of tissue engineering, where the success of scaffold-guided tissue regeneration largely depends on the formation of new tissue in a native-like organization in order to ensure proper tissue function. A well-considered internal scaffold design (i.e., the inner architecture of the porous structure) can largely contribute to the desired cell and tissue organization. Advances in scaffold production techniques for tissue engineering purposes in the last years have provided the possibility to accurately create scaffolds with defined macroscale external and microscale internal architectures. Using the knowledge of how cells sense geometrical cues of different size ranges can drive the rational design of scaffolds that control cellular and tissue architecture. This concise review addresses the recently gained knowledge of the sensory mechanisms of cells towards geometrical cues of different sizes (from the nanometer to millimeter scale) and points out how this insight can contribute to informed architectural scaffold designs.
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Narhadi, JM Sri. "KAJIAN BENTUK, FASAD, DAN RUANG DALAM PADA MASJID CHENG HO PALEMBANG." Jurnal Arsitektur ZONASI 2, no. 3 (October 19, 2019): 183. http://dx.doi.org/10.17509/jaz.v2i3.19261.
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Abstract: The architecture of places of worship is one of architecture that is specifically designed to meet human needs in terms of worship. Architecture for a place of worship itself, consisting of church architecture, temples, temples, and mosques. The mosque is a place of worship that is always there in every city in Indonesia, because the majority of Indonesian people are Muslims. Over time, the architecture of the mosque also developed in terms of design by adjusting the culture and environmental conditions. The Cheng Ho Mosque in Palembang is one of the mosques that was established in the city of Palembang with the mosque's unique architectural design and style. The full name of the mosque itself is Al Islam Muhammad Cheng Ho Sriwijaya Mosque. As one of the tourist attractions and also a place of worship of Muslims, Cheng Ho Mosque has attracted the attention of writers to conduct research on mosque design. The different design makes the writer want to research more about the shape, facade and inner space of the Ceng Ho Mosque. Therefore, this research was made under the title Study of Forms, Facades, and Inner Space at the Ceng Ho Mosque in Palembang.Keywords: Form, Façade, Inner Space Abstrak: Arsitektur tempat ibadah merupakan salah satu arsitektur yang didesain khusus untuk memenuhi kebutuhan manusia dalam hal beribadah. Arsitektur untuk sebuah tempat ibadah sendiri, terdiri dari arsitektur gereja, vihara, klenteng, dan juga masjid. Masjid merupakan salah satu tempat ibadah yang selalu ada di setiap kota di Indonesia, karena mayoritas umat Indonesia adalah muslim. Seiring berjalannya waktu, arsitektur masjid pun berkembang dari segi desain dengan menyesuaikan kebudayaan dan kondisi lingkungan sekitar. Masjid Cheng Ho Palembang merupakan salah satu masjid yang didirikan di Kota Palembang dengan desain dan gaya arsitektur masjid yang cukup unik. Nama lengkap dari masjid ini sendiri adalah Masjid Al Islam Muhammad Cheng Ho Sriwijaya. Sebagai salah satu tempat wisata dan juga tempat ibadah umat muslim, Masjid Cheng Ho telah menarik perhatian penulis untuk melakukan penelitian terhadap desain masjid.. Desain yang berbeda membuat penulis ingin menelliti lebih lanjut mengenai bentuk, fasad dan ruang dalam dari Masjid Ceng Ho. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini dibuat dengan judul Kajian Bentuk, Fasad, dan Ruang Dalam pada Masjid Ceng Ho Palembang. Kata Kunci: maksimal; empat; kata; kunci.
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Gan, Lu. "On an Analysis of Ecological Landscape Design." Advanced Materials Research 450-451 (January 2012): 1305–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.450-451.1305.
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Today’s landscape design targets at seeking for means of conveying the inner order of nature, and meanwhile satisfying people’s requirements of appreciation of beauty. However, plants are the main visual elements for expressing the two kinds of order. As the representative for natural environment, the ecological effect, the visual sense and the cultural landscapes of green plants penetrate and influence all the aspects of human lives and architectural environment. The interaction between environment and architecture has become a new exploration and direction of the architectural design thought in the 21st century.
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Imam Faisal Pane and Maria Isabella Zebua. "DESIGNING BEACHSIDE RESORT AT PANTAI INDAH KALANGAN, CENTRAL TAPANULI WITH VERNACULAR ARCHITECTURE APPROACHMENT." Jurnal Koridor 10, no. 1 (January 30, 2019): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.32734/koridor.v10i1.1379.
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Central Tapanuli is known for many stunning tourist locations, mainly its stretch of beach so that it becomes a great potential as an area of tourism with adequate accommodation as well as resorts. Some problems in the design resort that attract the attention and interest of tourist to come, how to design space programs according to human needs in it, and how to design buildings that are responsive to local climate, cultural and social conditions. From these problems, it is intended to create resorts with a variety of recreational facilities, design inner spaces and outdoor spaces according to resorts needs and local wisdom, and can introduce local culture to foreign tourists through resort design. Therefore, the research conducted by collecting existing location information, literature studies, comparative studies, and field surveys. After doing each step above, the result obtained, namely the design of the Beachside Resort using vernacular architecture, which is applied to each form of resort building, ranging from hotel, restaurant, cottages, spa and sauna, and other supporting facilities, using the types of the Central Tapanuli household, combined with the application of “Dalihan Natolu”. By obtaining these result, it is expected to become tourism locations and become a positive response in bringing back the traditional architecture of Central Tapanuli.
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URBAN, FLORIAN. "Berlin's construction groups and the politics of bottom-up architecture." Urban History 45, no. 4 (January 23, 2018): 683–711. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0963926817000694.
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ABSTRACT:In the 2000s, Berlin saw the formation of so-called Baugruppen (construction groups) – associations of small-scale investors who pooled their modest capital to commission an architect and construct a multistorey building in which they would own and occupy a flat. They were mostly middle-class families united by a belief in community values and neighbourly contact as well as the qualities of urban living. This article will present the construction groups as an example of bottom-up architecture in an industrialized western country, in which individual initiatives and user-centred design had to be negotiated within a highly professionalized environment, as well as with contradictory political positions. It will show that construction groups brought together various threads of Berlin's recent urban history: the gradual integration of radical post-1968 lifestyles into mainstream society, the ‘return to the inner city’ connected with the increasing popularity of ‘new tenements’, and the evolution of innovative, post-functionalist architecture.
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Nasution, Achmad Delianur, and Sharfina Handiningtyas. "Green Architecture Concept Application on USU Kwala Bekala Library." Jurnal Koridor 11, no. 01 (May 14, 2020): 22–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.32734/koridor.v11i01.3836.
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The library is one of the building functions needed in the university's development standards. A library serves as a place to find information and collections as well as an educational recreation place. Not only providing facilities for the academic community, but Library also expected to be useful for all people, especially those in the surrounding area. For this reason, the supporting area of Science Techno Park which is an area for the development of economic and educational activities in USU Kwala Bekala campus and its surroundings chooses Library as one of its facilities. In USU Kwala Bekala master plan, the location of Library is in the entrance zone with 16 Ha area. This zone is the gateway of USU Kwala Bekala area so the concept of "building as a gate" is forming the building mass. The site forms two separate parts due to its area which surrounded by the main road and separated by other collector roads. The goals of this project are how to design a campus environment that cares for the surrounding environment, can provide comfort to its users, and can create sustainable buildings. After analyzing and implementing the concept of green architecture, the final design concept are two building masses connected with sky bridge which can accommodate 723 seats, windows and inner court to allow the airflow and natural light enters the rooms, secondary skin and vines as its facade to buffer over sunshine and noises, water and trash recycling treatment to reduce clean water use, and solar panel as additional electricity energy.
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Qiu, Shuang. "The Modern Timber-Structure Building from the Perspective of Tectonic." Applied Mechanics and Materials 638-640 (September 2014): 2265–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.638-640.2265.
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Modern architecture design lays more emphasis on the authenticity and regionality of the building.The basic tectonic principles are the real material performance and real construction expression. Architecture artistic is based on the internal expressive force of the structural system. And the logicality of building structure is given the inner beauty of architectural image. Modern timber-structure building is breaking the fetter of formalism in the aspect of structure performance. Its tectonic methods are making the positive exploration in terms of the architectural context inheritance.
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Freeman, Graham, and Robert J. Glushko. "Organization, Not Inspiration: A Historical Perspective of Musical Information Architecture." KNOWLEDGE ORGANIZATION 46, no. 3 (2019): 161–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/0943-7444-2019-3-161.
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The organization of musical resources in a piece of music is opaque for everyone but for those with the highest levels of musical education. For the average listener, the specific vocabulary of musical organization is usually replaced by metaphorical language relating to inspiration and musical affect, or by a social perspective that rids the music of its specific theoretical language and provides a more relatable perspective of the music as a historical and communal event. We examine the ways in which information architecture and organizational theory can surface the inner workings of music in a relatable and approachable way. We consider music as a series of design resources that composers draw upon and organize according to a series of constraints that create a sense of musical structure to which the listener can relate. After a general introduction to the literature relating to constraints and creativity, we use two historical anecdotes that provide accessible demonstrations of how musicians in the seventeenth and twentieth centuries organized their musical resources both for their own compositional needs and for the purposes of didactic communication.
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Parthenios, Panagiotis, Stefan Petrovski, Nicoleta Chatzopoulou, and Katerina Mania. "Reciprocal transformations between music and architecture as a real-time supporting mechanism in urban design." International Journal of Architectural Computing 14, no. 4 (September 29, 2016): 349–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1478077116670743.
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The more complex our cities become, the more difficult it is for designers to use traditional tools for understanding and analyzing the inner essence of an eco-system such as the contemporary urban environment. Even many of the recently crafted digital tools fail to address the necessity for a more holistic design approach which captures the virtual and the physical, the immaterial and the material. Handling of massive chunks of information and classification and assessment of diverse data are nowadays more crucial than ever before. We see a significant potential in combining the fields of composition in music and architecture through the use of information technology. Merging the two fields has the intense potential to release new, innovative tools for urban designers. This article describes an innovative tool developed at the Technical University of Crete, through which an urban designer can work on the music transcription of a specific urban environment applying music compositional rules and filters in order to identify discordant entities, highlight imbalanced parts, and make design corrections. Our cities can be tuned.
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Tawfik, Kareem O., Brittany A. Leader, Zoe A. Walters, and Daniel I. Choo. "Relative Preservation of Superior Semicircular Canal Architecture in CHARGE Syndrome." Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery 160, no. 6 (January 22, 2019): 1095–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0194599818824306.
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Objectives (1) Describe common patterns of semicircular canal (SCC) anomalies in CHARGE syndrome (CS) and (2) recognize that in CS, the architecture of the superior SCC may be relatively preserved. Study Design This is a retrospective review of temporal bone imaging studies. Setting Quaternary care center. Subjects and Methods A sample of 37 patients with CS. All subjects met clinical diagnostic criteria for CS. The presence/absence of anomalies of the middle ear, mastoid, temporal bone venous anatomy, inner ear, and internal auditory canal was recorded. Anomalies of each SCC were considered separately and by severity (normal, dysplasia, aplasia). Results Thirty-seven subjects (74 temporal bones) were reviewed. Thirty-four (92.0%) patients demonstrated bilateral SCC anomalies. Three (8.0%) had normal SCCs. In patients with SCC anomalies, all canals demonstrated bilateral abnormalities. Thirty-two (86.5%) patients had bilateral horizontal SCC aplasia. These 32 patients also demonstrated posterior SCC aplasia in at least 1 ear. Of 74 temporal bones, 37 (50.0%) had superior SCC dysplasia. All dysplastic superior SCCs showed preservation of the anterior limb. Complete superior SCC aplasia was found in 28 (37.8%) temporal bones. Conclusion SCC anomalies occur with high frequency in CS. Complete absence of the horizontal and posterior canals is typical and usually bilateral. By contrast, the superior SCC often demonstrates relative preservation of the anterior limb.
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Mohanty, Basant Kumar, and Pramod Kumar Meher. "An Efficient Parallel DA-Based Fixed-Width Design for Approximate Inner-Product Computation." IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems 28, no. 5 (May 2020): 1221–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tvlsi.2020.2972772.
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Wang, Chua-Chin, Po-Ming Lee, and Chenn-Jung Huang. "Improved Design of C2PL 3-2 Compressors for Inner Product Processing." VLSI Design 14, no. 4 (January 1, 2002): 383–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10655140290011195.
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The inner product of two vectors might be one of the most frequently used mathematical operations in digital computation. The design style of inner product processor will become a critical issue of performance. So does its basic building block, i.e. 3-2 compressor. In this work, improved designs of 3-2 C2PL-based compressors are presented which can be used to build a fast inner product processor. The features of our compressors include a short delay minimized by HSPICE optimization, less transistor count, and high fan-out.
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Töpper, Daniel, and Fanny Isensee. "From «School Buildings» to «School Architecture» – School Technicians, Grand School Buildings and Educational Architecture in Prussia and the USA in the Nineteenth Century." Historia y Memoria de la Educación, no. 13 (December 14, 2020): 375. http://dx.doi.org/10.5944/hme.13.2021.27537.
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The history of school buildings is commonly written as a history of architecture, focusing on outstanding architects and buildings. However, the connection between pedagogical-administrative prescriptions and educational architecture has been studied less, particularly in the nineteenth century. This article highlights the often-overlooked agency of school technicians and proposes to interpret the nineteenth-century history of building schools as a history of implementing pedagogical-administrative objectives. The design of schools followed the inner differentiation of school curricula, at the same time being affected by the growth of school sizes prompted by school management structures and their efficiency aims. We will show how in larger cities the initial one-classroom schools developed into multiple-classroom buildings, taking on their final form in “grand school buildings”. The organizational developments tried and tested here would later become the national standard, with rural schools following with a certain delay. In order to grasp the emergence of the phenomena of these “grand school buildings” we combine the Prussian and US-American cases in their transatlantic connection in order to comprehend the transnational dimension of school building norms. Being closely connected through mutual observation, the US and Prussian contexts established two decisive aspects: in the Prussian case, the division into separate classrooms as functional units of school construction was implemented, while in the United States additional school rooms such as the assembly hall and specific subject-related rooms were introduced. “Grand school buildings” initiated the interest of the architectural profession, leading to negotiations between school technicians and architects.
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Wang, Chua-Chin, Chenn-Jung Huang, and Po-Ming Lee. "Design and Analysis of Digital Ratioed Compressors for Inner Product Processing." VLSI Design 11, no. 4 (January 1, 2000): 353–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2000/72812.
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Inner product calculations are often required in digital neural computing. The critical path of the inner product of two binary vectors is the carry propagation delay generated from individual product terms. In this work, two architectures to arrange digital ratioed compressors are presented to reduce the carry propagation delay in the critical path. Besides, the carry propagation delay estimation of these compressor building blocks is derived and compared. The theoretical analysis and Verilog simulation both indicate that one of the compressor building blocks we present here might offer a sub-optimal solution for the basic building blocks used in digital hardware realization of the inner product computation.
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Purnama, Ika Yuni, and Sri Fariyanti Pane. "INTERIOR AS EXTERIOR AND LANDSCAPE CONNECTOR." Journal of Synergy Landscape 1, no. 1 (August 2, 2021): 80. http://dx.doi.org/10.25105/tjsl.v1i1.9945.
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<p><ins cite="mailto:reyha" datetime="2021-07-31T17:17">Interior is a space that is related to the outer and surrounding spaces. This space is also very close to the needs and complexities of human life. Now, the meaning and practice of interior design is not limited to fill or decoration within the physical boundaries that have been formed by architecture. This writing aims to change the general perception and view of interior science, namely as a science that bridges the inner space (interior) with the outer space (architecture and landscape) which also connects humans and their environment. This paper is the result of qualitative research using literature methods and case studies. The results of the discussion refer to several examples of interior and exterior processing (architecture and landscapes) that can be used in design practice with interior concepts as a liaison, namely by physically and conceptually manipulating space, the scope of interior design becomes a science that has a very important role to fulfill human needs. physically and psychologically</ins><strong><ins cite="mailto:reyha" datetime="2021-07-31T17:17">.</ins></strong><ins cite="mailto:reyha" datetime="2021-07-31T17:17"></ins></p>
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Deabes, Wael. "FPGA Implementation of ECT Digital System for Imaging Conductive Materials." Algorithms 12, no. 2 (January 22, 2019): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/a12020028.
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This paper presents the hardware implementation of a stand-alone Electrical Capacitance Tomography (ECT) system employing a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA). The image reconstruction algorithms of the ECT system demand intensive computation and fast processing of large number of measurements. The inner product of large vectors is the core of the majority of these algorithms. Therefore, a reconfigurable segmented parallel inner product architecture for the parallel matrix multiplication is proposed. In addition, hardware-software codesign targeting FPGA System-On-Chip (SoC) is applied to achieve high performance. The development of the hardware-software codesign is carried out via commercial tools to adjust the software algorithms and parameters of the system. The ECT system is used in this work to monitor the characteristic of the molten metal in the Lost Foam Casting (LFC) process. The hardware system consists of capacitive sensors, wireless nodes and FPGA module. The experimental results reveal high stability and accuracy when building the ECT system based on the FPGA architecture. The proposed system achieves high performance in terms of speed and small design density.
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RAVICHANDRAN, SHAMA, K. S. NAGARAJ, and S. K. PATNAIK. "DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF A NOVEL CONTROL ARCHITECTURE BY COMBINING H∞ AND SLIDING MODE SCHEMES FOR A BOOST CONVERTER." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 22, no. 01 (January 2013): 1250066. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126612500661.
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A two-loop control has been designed for a boost converter. An internal sliding-mode control loop forces the converter inductor current to track the reference established by H∞ control of the output voltage in an outer loop. The outer H∞ controller is designed through loop shaping concepts. A practical design approach that aims at systematizing the procedure for the selection of inner sliding mode control parameters is also presented. The closed loop characteristics of a typical low-power boost converter with the proposed dual loop controller implemented in the actual switched model is validated through computer simulation. The proposed controller is found to be superior due to its low distortion property, good regulating performance and insensitivity to load variations. Finally, the validity and effectiveness of the control schemes are verified through hardware experiments.
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Meliana, Silvia, and Octaviana Sylvia Caroline. "A Review of the Role of Intangible Axis toward the Pathok Negoro’s Design Concept, Yogyakarta." Humaniora 11, no. 3 (November 30, 2020): 169–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.21512/humaniora.v11i3.6540.
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The research aimed to review the role of the ‘mystical’ imaginary axis in Javanese cosmology in the Yogyakarta that might affect the inner spaces of the Pathok Negoro mosques (Ploso Kuning, Babadan, Dongkelan, and Mlangi). The research question was how Yogyakarta’s imaginary axis affected the inner spaces of these four Pathok Negoro. Yogyakarta was known to have a unique Javanese cosmology, cultural, and social life character compared to several cities on the island of Java. Yogyakarta kept a harmonious power between human life and the universe and still hold strong Javanese animism and was still tightly coupled with the city’s modern life. Human harmony with the universe was seen in the axis of a city that consisted of two main axes in the direction of the compass, namely north to south and east to west. The research applied a qualitative method by doing a literature study and observation. The research shows that the imaginary axis plays an essential role in Yogyakarta’s urban design and creates a sustainable concept of the four Pathok Negoro. However, it is not directly involved in the order of the inner space of the architecture design of each mosque.
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Shi, Hong Qian, and Guang De Duan. "Exploration of Planning on Diversity Sustainable Development and New Agricultural Industrial Park." Applied Mechanics and Materials 195-196 (August 2012): 1271–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.195-196.1271.
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With the change of global climate in the current world, there is a huge impact on the agricultural development. In the background of the more scarce water resources and the poor land, for central and western regions of Inner Mongolia, how to create the value of greatest ecological, economic and social becomes the priority. This paper introduces that the Inhabitable Environment and Landscape Design for the theoretical guidance, the regional landscape ecological planning and design for the base, trying to find a set of planning and design patterns of sustainable agricultural park between people and land, between land and environment by Landscape Architecture Planning and Design Studies.
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DAI, ZIBIN, LONGMEI NAN, XUAN YANG, and XIAONAN LI. "DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF CONFIGURABLE LFSR INSTRUCTIONS TARGETED AT STREAM CIPHER PROCESSING." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 22, no. 10 (December 2013): 1340036. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126613400367.
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By analyzing the operation characteristic of linear feedback shifter registers (LFSRs) in many public stream cipher algorithms and its bottleneck realized by general processor, each specific instruction and reconfigurable hardware cell are proposed in this paper, which can neatly execute LFSR computing operation in parallel with high performance. The LFSR instructions can sustain different operation data widths, different operating models. Instruction-level parallelism based on VLIW system structure and instruction inner parallelism by operating several steps at one time are exploited too. Corresponding reconfigurable hardware units to sustain the implementation of each instruction forcefully by configurating is also developed. The circuit can be used as an important accelerated unit in special processing for stream cipher.
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Giacomini, Lorenzo. "The Room: la meraviglia dell'inizio. Architettura e archetipo in Louis I. Kahn." TERRITORIO, no. 60 (March 2012): 129–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/tr2012-060023.
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Like a shining shadow, Louis Kahn's poetry is found in all his works, both built or just designed. In his conferences, Kahn formulates thoughts that often touch on notes of poetry, the sacred, or a mystic science of cosmos where the architect becomes a narrator of our origins. It is not, however, a question of simple cultural ornament, or a search for consensus, but a free inner necessity which produces expression, creation and design, and which translates into categories that literally materialise as architectural forms. ‘The Room', a 1971 sketch which shows the mind of this great ‘Philosopher by nature' like a stage, is an emblem of the original node that joins matter and spirit, which binds architecture and thought, architecture and archetype, well beyond the limits of Louis Kahn's personal experience.
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López, J., R. Dormido, S. Dormido, and J. P. Gómez. "A RobustH∞Controller for an UAV Flight Control System." Scientific World Journal 2015 (2015): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/403236.
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The objective of this paper is the implementation and validation of a robustH∞controller for an UAV to track all types of manoeuvres in the presence of noisy environment. A robust inner-outer loop strategy is implemented. To design theH∞robust controller in the inner loop,H∞control methodology is used. The two controllers that conform the outer loop are designed using theH∞Loop Shaping technique. The reference vector used in the control architecture formed by vertical velocity, true airspeed, and heading angle, suggests a nontraditional way to pilot the aircraft. The simulation results show that the proposed control scheme works well despite the presence of noise and uncertainties, so the control system satisfies the requirements.
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Wagner, Alexandra, Stefanie Wagner, Jan-Erik Bredfeldt, Julia C. Steinbach, Ashutosh Mukherjee, Sandra Kronenberger, Kai Braun, Andreas Kandelbauer, Hermann A. Mayer, and Marc Brecht. "Chemical Imaging of Single Anisotropic Polystyrene/Poly (Methacrylate) Microspheres with Complex Hierarchical Architecture." Polymers 13, no. 9 (April 29, 2021): 1438. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13091438.
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Monodisperse polystyrene spheres are functional materials with interesting properties, such as high cohesion strength, strong adsorptivity, and surface reactivity. They have shown a high application value in biomedicine, information engineering, chromatographic fillers, supercapacitor electrode materials, and other fields. To fully understand and tailor particle synthesis, the methods for characterization of their complex 3D morphological features need to be further explored. Here we present a chemical imaging study based on three-dimensional confocal Raman microscopy (3D-CRM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), focused ion beam (FIB), diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform (DRIFT), and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy for individual porous swollen polystyrene/poly (glycidyl methacrylate-co-ethylene di-methacrylate) particles. Polystyrene particles were synthesized with different co-existing chemical entities, which could be identified and assigned to distinct regions of the same particle. The porosity was studied by a combination of SEM and FIB. Images of milled particles indicated a comparable porosity on the surface and in the bulk. The combination of standard analytical techniques such as DRIFT and NMR spectroscopies yielded new insights into the inner structure and chemical composition of these particles. This knowledge supports the further development of particle synthesis and the design of new strategies to prepare particles with complex hierarchical architectures.
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Al-Haidary, Ali. "Vanishing point: the abatement of tradition and new architectural development in Baghdad's historic centers over the past century." Contemporary Arab Affairs 2, no. 1 (January 1, 2009): 38–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17550910802622488.
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This article gives an extensive, detailed historic overview of Baghdad's unique architectural heritage from its ancient Sumerian roots in design through the Islamic and modern periods by an Iraqi professor of architecture. The functionally and aesthetically integrated residential architecture of the ancient Sumerians, its labyrinthine network of abutting houses with open inner-courtyards, ingenious ventilation systems, and enclosed balconies (shanāshīl) that formed the warp and weft1 of the fabric of the urban society which it supported for millennia is disappearing. The ancient patterns which still survive in Baghdad are not only emblematic of Middle Eastern architecture but are the essential imprint of Babel (Babylon) – the mother of all cities. The author demonstrates how modernization and rapid changes brought on by economic growth and population explosions led to unregulated building projects that were often conceived and implemented by foreign firms in abject disregard of the unique and irreplaceable cultural heritage of Iraq. Landmarks of culture have already been lost, and there is much still to lose, but it is not too late if proper funds, urban planning and action at the level of the individual can be marshalled to preserve the living museum of Baghdad's eternal architecture that is the most conspicuous physical expression of its social, cultural and historic identity.
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Xu, Qingwen, Yongji Cao, Hengxu Zhang, Wen Zhang, and Vladimir Terzija. "Bi-Level Dispatch and Control Architecture for Power System in China Based on Grid-Friendly Virtual Power Plant." Applied Sciences 11, no. 3 (January 30, 2021): 1282. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11031282.
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Non-synchronous renewable energy sources (RESs) have strong volatility and low inertia, which brings about great challenges on the accommodation of RESs and the security and stability of power systems. This paper proposes a bi-level power system dispatch and control architecture based on the grid-friendly virtual power plant (GVPP), so as to accommodate RESs flexibly and securely. The typical dispatch and control system of the power system in China is presented, and the particular challenges stemming from non-synchronous RESs are analyzed. The functional requirements, concept, and fundamental design of the GVPP are provided, which is distinguished from traditional virtual power plants (VPPs) for its active participation in power system stability control. Based on the cloud platform, a bi-level dispatch and control architecture considering two objectives is established. First, in the inner level, the GVPP operates to promote the accommodation of RESs under normal condition. Then, from the perspective of out-level power systems, GVPPs serve as spinning reserves for power support under contingencies. Besides, the key problems to be solved in the development of the GVPP-based architecture are summarized. Although the architecture is proposed for the power system in China, it can be applied to any power systems with similar challenges.
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Allam, Atef, and Wael Deabes. "Model-Based Hardware-Software Codesign of ECT Digital Processing Unit." Modelling and Simulation in Engineering 2021 (March 30, 2021): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/4757464.
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Image reconstruction algorithm and its controller constitute the main modules of the electrical capacitance tomography (ECT) system; in order to achieve the trade-off between the attainable performance and the flexibility of the image reconstruction and control design of the ECT system, hardware-software codesign of a digital processing unit (DPU) targeting FPGA system-on-chip (SoC) is presented. Design and implementation of software and hardware components of the ECT-DPU and their integration and verification based on the model-based design (MBD) paradigm are proposed. The inner-product of large vectors constitutes the core of the majority of these ECT image reconstruction algorithms. Full parallel implementation of large vector multiplication on FPGA consumes a huge number of resources and incurs long combinational path delay. The proposed MBD of the ECT-DPU tackles this problem by crafting a parametric segmented parallel inner-product architecture so as to work as the shared hardware core unit for the parallel matrix multiplication in the image reconstruction and control of the ECT system. This allowed the parameterized core unit to be configured at system-level to tackle large matrices with the segment length working as a design degree of freedom. It allows the trade-off between performance and resource usage and determines the level of computation parallelism. Using MBD with the proposed segmented architecture, the system design can be flexibly tailored to the designer specifications to fulfill the required performance while meeting the resources constraint. In the linear-back projection image reconstruction algorithm, the segmentation scheme has exhibited high resource saving of 43% and 71% for a small degradation in a frame rate of 3% and 14%, respectively.
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Wang, C. C., P. M. Lee, and C. J. Huang. "Three alternative architectures of digital ratioed compressor design with application to inner-product processing." IEE Proceedings - Computers and Digital Techniques 147, no. 2 (2000): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ip-cdt:20000382.
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Li, Zhong Min, Mao Song, and Lu Gao. "Design of Smart Home System Based on Zigbee." Applied Mechanics and Materials 635-637 (September 2014): 1086–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.635-637.1086.
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Constructing efficient, convenient and cozy home environment has become the current hot spot by using Zigbee wireless communication technology. This paper simply introduces ZigBee technology including the architecture and network topology of Zigbee2007/Pro protocol stack firstly, and then proposes a design plan of a remote supervisory control system based on Zigbee2007/Pro protocol stack for smart home applications and shows the hardware and software design of the system. This system uses ZigBee Wireless Technology to build home internal network, and connect a variety of sensors and home appliance controller to Zigbee network node. Various signals collected by a few end-nodes may be delivered by this system to the main control module, which will analyze and process them. Then the main control module transfers this information to internet or cellphone through the Ethernet and GSM/GPRS network to remotely and locally monitor and control family inner environment and household appliances. Furthermore, the working condition of the system can be traced into the SD card.
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Yusof, Yusri, and Kamran Latif. "ISO 6983 Translator for PC Based CNC Systems." Advanced Materials Research 980 (June 2014): 184–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.980.184.
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Computer Numerical Control (CNC) controller is an important part of machine, composed of hardware and software models. Software model, usually called an interpreter translates input code as per internal structure of CNC machine. Now a day’s traditional controllers of CNC machine are found to be closed in nature, because they are depended of vendor’s specifications. Due to that dependence they do not facilitate access to the inner features of machine. In order to overcome these problems open architecture controllers were introduced. In this article a new ISO 6983 translator for open architecture CNC controller is being proposed. The developed software model is able to read commercially available Computer Aided Design (CAD) /Computer Aided Manufacturing (CAM) system generated International Standards Organization (ISO) 6983 file and extracts position, feed rate, spindle speed, tool etc data and translates to OAC machine. At the same time it is also able to generate output in user defined text and EXtensible Markup Language (.xml) formats. Further design of paper includes development of translator, followed by case study experiment and finally ends with conclusion.
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Seifried, Juergen, and Carola S. Wasserbaech. "Design Thinking in Leading European Companies—Organizational and Spatial Issues." Journal of Innovation Management 7, no. 1 (May 27, 2019): 80–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.24840/2183-0606_007.001_0006.
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In the last decade, design thinking has been discussed as a new paradigm for dealing with complex business problems. The implementation of design thinking is linked with substantial changes in the organizational culture, and becomes visible in new approaches to designing office and learning spaces. To analyze proponents’ perspectives on the implementation process, we adapted Schein’s (1990, 2017) approach of different layers of an organizational culture. In general, two layers in an organization are addressed, namely visible artifacts and behaviors, as well as basic principles to think about approaches to deal with business problems (mindset). In total, eight semi-structured expert interviews were conducted with proponents to learn more about the implementation of design thinking and the architecture of related office spaces. The findings suggest that design thinking addresses both aspects—the provision and inner design of physical space as well as a change of mindset.
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杨, 力吉. "Senior Middle School Campus Planning and Architecture Design of Trial——A Case Study on Inner Mongolia Yakeshi City Yucai Middle School Campus." Hans Journal of Civil Engineering 02, no. 02 (2013): 105–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.12677/hjce.2013.22019.
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Li, Xin, and Ling Ling Li. "Regional Expression and Innovation of the Long-Span Building." Advanced Materials Research 689 (May 2013): 221–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.689.221.
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Architects’ response on geographical culture has become an innovation of long-span building design, though it has always been overlooked by designers. This paper analyzes and discusses the connotation of regionalism and its importance on the configuration of long-span buildings. In addition, it summarizes and compares examples concerning natural and cultural factors of regional condition. In this way, this paper concludes that the exploration of local nature and humanity, and the communication of the inner spirits of regional culture are the main directions of the innovation and regional expression of long-span architecture.