Dissertations / Theses: 'Psychoacoustics'

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Roberts, Wiliam. "Physics and psychoacoustics of plucked-string instruments." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2015. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/80117/.

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The overall goal of this work is to help classical guitar makers to have better control over the potential sound of their instruments. This is done by correlating changes in the vibrational behaviour of an instrument with perceivable changes in its radiated sound. Three strategies have been employed in this thesis in an attempt to accomplish this goal. An investigation is carried out on the vibrational properties and radiated sound of a classical guitar, steel-string folk guitar and a five-string banjo. The aim here is to demonstrate how large constructional differences in plucked-string instruments lead to their unique acoustical characteristics. Results demonstrate that effective masses of low-order body modes relative to higher-order ones, internal damping of strings and amount of coupling between strings and the body of an instrument are responsible for the main characteristics of these instruments’ acoustical signatures. The problem of over-coupling a string to the body of a classical guitar is then addressed. Over-coupling creates an uneven tone quality between notes, an effect known as wolf notes. Knowledge of the perceptual threshold of over-coupling, which is found using psychoacoustical tests, can help instrument makers build a strongly radiating instrument without wolf notes. Simple remedies are suggested to minimise the effects of wolf notes on existing guitars in the most effective manner. Finally, the smallest perceivable changes are found in the parameters of a physical model of a classical guitar. The parameters that are responsible for the most perceptually obvious changes are likely to be the most important ones for the maker to control because these are the parameters to which our ears are most sensitive. The effective mass and effective area of low-order modes are studied in detail because these parameters have been identified previously as having a strong influence over the radiated sound from the instrument.

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Himonides, Evangelos. "The psychoacoustics of vocal beauty : a new taxonomy." Thesis, Institute of Education (University of London), 2008. http://eprints.ioe.ac.uk/7396/.

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This thesis investigates the phenomenon of perceived vocal 'beauty' in singing, being that moment in time when we are emotionally overwhelmed by the quality of the singer's voice in performance. Theoretical analyses indicate that this perceptual experience arises from the particular ways that diverse, but definable variables of the phenomenon are interwoven. The robustness of the emergent theoretical taxonomy is subjected to empirical evaluation through a multifaceted investigation into the psycho-acoustic and context-specific interpretation of sung performance quality. Initial research was grounded in an analysis of semi-structured interviews with seven people from a wide range of backgrounds as listeners (i.e. conductors, educators and performers) concerning their experience of sung performance. An iterative process of data analyses juxtaposed with a wide interdisciplinary range of literature reviews led to the design of three surveys. These were focused on (i) a large scale (N=374) survey regarding professionals' opinions about the evaluation of 'quality' in sung performances (ii) the qualitative analyses of a series of BBC Radio 4 broadcasts titled 'The Singer Not the Song', aiming to capture experts' opinions on the perception of beautiful performances across different musical genres and (iii) an online survey (N=177) that was conducted in order to present a narrower-angle perspective as demonstrated through people's views about a sung performance in a nonmainstream context (musical genre). Taken together, the evidence base indicated that different perceptual features become contextually sensitive and salient for individual listeners of singing performances. Then the emergent taxonomy of underlying contributory factors was further interrogated by individual expert listeners using an innovative experimental procedure that embraces the application of new multimedia technology. This new technology (based on the renowned Continuous Response Digital Interface (CRD!) concept that was developed at Florida State University) was designed to act as a real-time monitoring system of singing perception along a 'like/ dislike' continuum of perceived quality, whilst simultaneously collecting realtime data of listeners' physiological responses to the sung performance. Findings from this final phase of the empirical study indicated that the acquired combined perceptual/physiological-response data are systematic and support the theorised taxonomy of the perception of sung performance quality and its integrated nature.

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Harris, Neil John. "The acoustics and psychoacoustics of the distributed-mode loudspeaker (DML)." Thesis, University of Essex, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.392692.

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King, Lisa Charmayne. "Auditory ambience as an information display." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/28829.

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Rogers, Wendy Laurel. "Cumulative effects in auditory stream segregation." Thesis, McGill University, 1991. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=70309.

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Nine experiments were done to test three theories of auditory stream segregation and to investigate some conditions under which segregated tones re-integrate. In two-part trials, subjects (adults with normal hearing) first heard a segregation-inducing "Induction Sequence" whose effects upon an immediately subsequent "Test Sequence" were measured. The Test Sequence always had tones that alternated rhythmically between two frequencies. Rhythm and total duration of Induction Sequence tones were varied in the first two studies. Similarity of Induction and Test Sequences aided segregation whereas rhythmic predictability and longer tone durations in the Induction Sequence did not. Frequency alternation during the Induction Sequence was not necessary to induce segregation in the Test Sequence. The effects of sudden and gradual changes in lateralization, spatial location and sound level were investigated also. The data suggest that explaining segregation by peripheral processes is inadequate and that, once a distinct percept emerges from an auditory scene, properties derived from the percept (particularly changes) are fed back to control the ongoing analysis of that scene. A neural adaptation to stimuli with constant properties may form part of this analysis.

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Turgeon, Martine. "The influence of log-frequency parallel gliding upon perceptual fusion." Thesis, McGill University, 1994. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=26164.

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It is generally recognized that simple harmonic ratios among partials promote their perceptual fusion. However, the influence of parallel gliding in log frequency upon fusion is not understood. The present experiment investigated fusion in relation to different types of parallel and non-parallel log-frequency motion of three concurrent tonal glides. The main hypothesis was that parallel motion on log-frequency-by-time coordinates favors fusion. It was reasoned that a higher degree of fusion of the glides evokes fewer auditory images. Fusion was thus measured by asking eighteen subjects to rate the number of distinct sounds perceived in various gliding stimuli. On test trials, subjects received a pair of stimuli in succession and had to judge which one contained more sounds and to rate the size of the difference on a 7-point scale. Each stimulus was a complex of three sinusoidal tones, gliding in frequency. Each 1400-ms three-glide complex was either increasing or decreasing in frequency, and the spacing among its components was either small, medium or large. The stimuli were aligned in one of five ways: (1) harmonically related, parallel, and therefore unequally spaced in log frequency, (2) inharmonic, parallel, and equally spaced in log frequency, (3) inharmonic, parallel, and unequally spaced in log frequency, (4) non-parallel and diverging in log frequency, and (5) non-parallel and converging in log frequency. Results showed that more sources were perceived under the three parallel conditions than under the two non-parallel ones (p $<$ 0.00001). Moreover, as the spacing between gliding partials increased, more distinct sounds were heard (p $<$ 0.00001). These results suggest that both spectral spacing and non-parallel log-frequency motion segregate concurrent glides. A multiple regression analysis showed that parallel log-frequency gliding promotes fusion over and above the contribution of average spectral spacing and harmonicity (p $<$.0001). The observed dat

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Hill, Toby Jonathan Willoughby. "Experiments on the perception of pitch increments in simple tone sequences." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.341191.

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Chau, Ching Christy. "The recognition of isolated and interleaved melodies by children." Click to view the E-thesis via HKU Scholors Hub, 2005. http://lookup.lib.hku.hk/lookup/bib/B3827906X.

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Thesis (B.Sc)--University of Hong Kong, 2005.
"A dissertation submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Bachelor of Science (Speech and Hearing Sciences), The University of Hong Kong, June 30, 2005." Also available in print.

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Piker, Gürer Seçkin Yavuz. "Evaluation Of Product Sound Design Within The Context Of Emotion Design And Emotional Branding/." [s.l.]: [s.n.], 2005. http://library.iyte.edu.tr/tezler/master/endustriurunleritasarimi/T000363.pdf.

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Pincas, Jonathan. "Amplitude modulation of noise in voiced fricatives : acoustics, psychoacoustics and perception." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2009. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/798092/.

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Hsu, Timothy Yuan-Ting. "Relating acoustics and human outcome measures in hospitals." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/47620.

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Hospital noise has been an area of concern for medical professionals and researchers for the last century. Researchers have attempted to characterize the soundscape of hospital wards and have made some preliminary links between noise and human outcomes. In the past, most of the research has used traditional acoustic metrics. These traditional metrics, such as average sound level, are readily measured using sound level meters and have been the primary results reported in previous studies. However, it has been shown that these traditional metrics may be insufficient in fully characterizing the wards. The two studies presented here use traditional metrics and nontraditional metrics to define the soundscape of hospital wards. The uncovered links, between both sound level metrics and psychoacoustic metrics and patient physiological measurements, are discussed. Correlations and risk ratios demonstrate the presence and the strength of these relationships. These results demonstrate the relationships between hospital acoustics and patient physiological arousal. Additionally, the effects of adding absorption in a hospital ward are presented. Sound level, sound power, reverberation time and other acoustic metrics are directly affected. The speech intelligibility in these wards is evaluated in order to highlight the temporal nature of speech intelligibility. With both studies combined, both traditional and nontraditional acoustic measures are shown to have statistically significant relationships to both patient and staff outcomes.

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Damaschke, Jörg. "Towards a neurophysiological correlate of the precedence effect from psychoacoustics to electroencephalography /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2004. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=972146180.

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Naber, Michael R. "Soundgen : a Web services based sound generation system for the psychoacoustics laboratory." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/46011.

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Thesis (M. Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2008.
Includes bibliographical references.
Soundgen is a web services based sound generation system developed for the MIT Psychoacoustics Laboratory Course 6.I82. The sounds created by Soundgen are combinations of various tones and noises, produced by a dedicated server running Linux, MATLAB, Apache, and PHP. As an example, Soundgen can generate a sound containing two tones of 500ms duration, each with its own frequency and phase, and can produce them over a broadband background noise. The characteristics of the tones and noises are passed to the Soundgen web service via aJSON object sent over HTTP. When the generation is complete, the web service replies with another JSON object containing the URL of the generated sound .wav file, along with some related information. Accompanying the Soundgen web service is a smallJavaScript library, easing the web service's use inJavaScript. This library allows JavaScript programmers to simply call a soundgen() function, which triggers a callback function that executes when the request has been processed by Soundgen. The library and web service allow Psychoacoustics Laboratory students to quickly and easily create portable acoustics experiments as web-applications, which can be written and run on any computer with speakers and a modern web browser.
by Michael R. Naber.
M.Eng.

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Hultz, Paul B. "Modelling of auditory processing mechanisms related to backward masking." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/15782.

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Oxenham, Andrew John. "Psychophysical consequences of peripheral auditory nonlinearity." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.388481.

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Zettner, Erika Maria. "Transient otoacoustic emission suppression tuning curves as a function of psychophysical threshold /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/8273.

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Touloumi, Olga. "Architectures of Global Communication: Psychoacoustics, Acoustic Space, and the Total Environment, 1941-1970." Thesis, Harvard University, 2014. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:11690.

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This dissertation examines architectural engagements with communication technologies, within the framework of mid-twentieth-century efforts to institute a global community and engineer media democracies. I interrogate the sound modernities that architects constructed in collaboration with engineers, officials, and acousticians, and I demonstrate the architectural strategies that informed them: the theater, the concert hall, the cinema. These interiors, I argue, reconfigured the international community as a networked audience, and the institutions of world organization as the main stages of international diplomacy.

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Tilki, John F. "Encoding a Hidden Digital Signature Using Psychoacoustic Masking." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/36785.

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The Interactive Video Data System (IVDS) project began with an initial abstract concept of achieving interactive television by transmitting hidden digital information in the audio of commercials. Over the course of three years such a communication method was successfully developed, the hardware systems to realize the application were designed and built, and several full-scale field tests were conducted. The novel coding scheme satisfies all of the design constraints imposed by the project sponsors. By taking advantage of psychoacoustic properties, the hidden digital signature is inaudible to most human observers yet is detectable by the hardware decoder. The communication method is also robust against most extraneous room noise as well as the wow and flutter of videotape machines. The hardware systems designed for the application have been tested and work as intended. A triple-stage audio amplifier buffers the input signal, eliminates low frequency interference such as human voices, and boosts the filtered result to an appropriate level. A codec samples the filtered and amplified audio, and feeds it into the digital signal processor. The DSP, after applying a pre-emphasis and compensation filter, performs the data extraction by calculating FFTs, compensating for frequency shifts, estimating the digital signature, and verifying the result via a cyclic redundancy check. It then takes action appropriate for the command specified in the digital signature. If necessary it will verbally prompt and provide information to the user, and will decode infrared signals from a remote control. The results of interactions are transmitted by radio frequency spread spectrum to a cell cite, where they are then forwarded to the host computer.
Master of Science

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Strohman, Gregory. "Psychoacoustic Entropy Theory and Its Implications for Performance Practice." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2014. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/281332.

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Music Performance
D.M.A.
This dissertation attempts to motivate, derive and imply potential uses for a generalized perceptual theory of musical harmony called psychoacoustic entropy theory. This theory treats the human auditory system as a physical system which takes acoustic measurements. As a result, the human auditory system is subject to all the appropriate uncertainties and limitations of other physical measurement systems. This is the theoretic basis for defining psychoacoustic entropy. Psychoacoustic entropy is a numerical quantity which indexes the degree to which the human auditory system perceives instantaneous disorder within a sound pressure wave. Chapter one explains the importance of harmonic analysis as a tool for performance practice. It also outlines the critical limitations for many of the most influential historical approaches to modeling harmonic stability, particularly when compared to available scientific research in psychoacoustics. Rather than analyze a musical excerpt, psychoacoustic entropy is calculated directly from sound pressure waves themselves. This frames psychoacoustic entropy theory in the most general possible terms as a theory of musical harmony, enabling it to be invoked for any perceivable sound. Chapter two provides and examines many widely accepted mathematical models of the acoustics and psychoacoustics of these sound pressure waves. Chapter three introduces entropy as a precise way of measuring perceived uncertainty in sound pressure waves. Entropy is used, in combination with the acoustic and psychoacoustic models introduced in chapter two, to motivate the mathematical formulation of psychoacoustic entropy theory. Chapter four shows how to use psychoacoustic entropy theory to analyze the certain types of musical harmonies, while chapter five applies the analytical tools developed in chapter four to two short musical excerpts to influence their interpretation. Almost every form of harmonic analysis invokes some degree of mathematical reasoning. However, the limited scope of most harmonic systems used for Western common practice music greatly simplifies the necessary level of mathematical detail. Psychoacoustic entropy theory requires a greater deal of mathematical complexity due to its sheer scope as a generalized theory of musical harmony. Fortunately, under specific assumptions the theory can take on vastly simpler forms. Psychoacoustic entropy theory appears to be highly compatible with the latest scientific research in psychoacoustics. However, the theory itself should be regarded as a hypothesis and this dissertation an experiment in progress. The evaluation of psychoacoustic entropy theory as a scientific theory of human sonic perception must wait for more rigorous future research.
Temple University--Theses

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Welch, Norma 1941. "Psychoacoustical demonstrations and experiments over the World Wide Web." Thesis, McGill University, 1996. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=24108.

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The World Wide Web provides the capability of delivering multi-media presentations to a wide audience. This thesis details the design and development of the site Psychoacoustical demonstrations and experiments at McGill University: it discusses site organization, selection of materials and development methods. In order to evaluate the utility of the site, site usage data, feedback from readers and data from experiments are analyzed and discussed. The thesis examines the success of the site in attracting a wide audience and holding its attention, as course material, in gathering data from psychoacoustical experiments, and in obtaining feedback from readers. Suggestions for future sites of this type are included.
The test of the thesis should be read in conjunction with experiencing the World Wide Web site at http://www.music.mcgill.ca/auditory/Auditory.html.

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Gerth, Jeffrey M. "Performance based refinement of a synthetic auditory ambience : identifying and discriminating auditory sources." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/30253.

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Rådsten, Ekman Maria. "Unwanted wanted sounds : Perception of sounds from water structures in urban soundscapes." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Psykologiska institutionen, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-119362.

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Water structures, for example, fountains, are common design elements in urban open public spaces. Their popularity is probably explained by their visual attractiveness. Less is known about how the sounds of water struc-tures influence the urban soundscape. This thesis explores the potential ef-fects of water sounds on urban soundscapes based on the character of water sounds. Three psychoacoustic studies were conducted in which listeners rated the perceptual properties of various water sounds. Study I found that water sounds had a limited ability to mask traffic noise, as the frequency composition of the sounds resulted in road-traffic noise masking fountain sounds more than the reverse. A partial loudness model of peripheral audito-ry processes overestimated the observed masking effect of water sound on road-traffic noise, and it was suggested that this was related to central pro-cesses, in particular, target/masker confusion. In Study II, water sounds of different degrees of perceived pleasantness were mixed with road-traffic noise to explore the overall effect on soundscape quality. The overall pleas-antness was increased substantially by adding a highly pleasant water sound; however, less pleasant water sounds had no effect or even reduced overall pleasantness. This result suggests that the perceptual properties of water-generated sounds should be taken into consideration in soundscape design. In Study III, this was explored by analyzing a large set of recordings of sounds of water fountains in urban open spaces. A multidimensional scaling analysis of similarity sortings of sounds revealed distinct groups of percep-tually different fountain sounds. The group of pleasant fountain sounds was characterized by relatively low loudness and high fluctuation strength and tonality, generating purling and rippling sounds. The group of unpleasant fountain sounds was characterized by high loudness and low fluctuation strength and tonality, generating a steady-state like noisy sound.. A joint result of all three studies is that sounds from water structures with a high flow rate (i.e., a large jet and basin in Study I, a waterfall in Study II, and large fountains in Study III) generating a steady-state noisy sound should be avoided in soundscape design. Instead, soundscape design might better focus on more fluctuating water sounds, which were considered more pleasant in both studies II and III. A general conclusion from this thesis is that water-generated sounds may be used to improve the soundscape, but that great care must be taken in selecting the type of water sound to use.

At the time of the doctoral defense, the following paper was unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 3: Manuscript.

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Ives, David Timothy. "Audibility of time-shifted signals using auditory modelling." Thesis, University of Brighton, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.323526.

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Harrison, Philip Archibald. "The acquisition of phonology in the first year of life." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1999. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1349888/.

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Any phonological theory needs to encompass an account of acquisition and any account of acquisition must take its place within a general theory of phonology. This thesis aims to ascribe phonological significance to speech perception in infancy, a move impossible unless phonology is defined, as it is here, from both a psycholinguistic and a formal viewpoint as a dedicated pattern-recognition system. Extant results from infant studies are reviewed and aligned with current phonological theory. In particular, such theory characterises phonology as bi-modular, so the acquisition of individual melodic and prosodic modules and their subsequent orientation with respect to one another must constitute three different developmental tasks. This delivers a relatively simple account of the mapping between psychoacoustics and phonology. Perception and pre-existing theories of segmental complexity are related using an original experiment into the perception of vowel-height contrast in Catalan. If infant perception has phonological import, then disparate phonetic reflexes which are predicted as phonologically identical should show parallels in acquisition. General theory argues that the same abstract melodic objects underlie both laryngeal contrasts in stops and lexical tonal contrasts. Earlier studies show that language-specific attunement to stop contrasts has taken place by the age of six months. New tests are now reported, using children of the same age, which demonstrate that infants acquiring Yorùbá, a language which has a three-way contrast for tone, attend more closely to pitch changes within the minimal domain word than do English controls. Further, they only attend to those pitch changes that possess phonological import within that domain in the steady-state language. In this their perception exactly parallels that displayed by adult speakers. Apparent anomalies in the results of these tests are shown to be closely parallelled by phonological asymmetries in the tonology of Yorùbá.

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Taghipour, Armin [Verfasser], Bernd [Gutachter] Edler, and Brian C. J. [Gutachter] Moore. "Psychoacoustics of detection of tonality and asymmetry of masking: implementation of tonality estimation methods in a psychoacoustic model for perceptual audio coding / Armin Taghipour. Gutachter: Bernd Edler ; Brian C. J. Moore." Erlangen : Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 2016. http://d-nb.info/1103801899/34.

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Chan, Man-kei Karen. "Auditory perceptual learning of breathy voice quality in naive listeners based on an exemplar and prototype approach /." View the Table of Contents & Abstract, 2005. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B30397170.

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Boltz, Marilyn Gail. "An expectancy model of judged duration : an ecological perspective /." The Ohio State University, 1986. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487261553058635.

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Persson, Lisa. "The Urban Soundscape of Western Harbour : Soundwalks and Psychoacoustics in the Western Harbour Area in Malmö." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Institutionen för Urbana Studier (US), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-43617.

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Sustainable urban design requires human wellbeing to be prioritized, considering all human senses (Torigoe, 2002). Sound, which is often overlooked in the municipalities planning offices, affects health in both positive and negative manner. The general approach for handling sounds in cities are through quantitative measurements such as noise abatements and decibel measurements, while the qualitative visual and audial perception; also known as psychoacoustics, is disregarded (Raimbault & Dubois, 2005; Steele et al., 2020; Cerwén, 2016). Research also show that urbanisation decreases pleasant sounds to the human ear(Steele et al., 2020; Beatly, 2012), and some scholars argue that people are losing their skill to identify and name what they are hearing (Schafer, 1994 & Westerkamp, 1974). In this thesis the Western harbour area in Malmö, flagged as exemplary sustainable urban development model, has been using soundscape methodology of soundwalks to contribute to a better understanding of sound perception and the functions of the identified sounds. The Western harbour has previously had troubles getting BREEAM-certifications in the past due to noise(ÅF, 2013), and previous surveys by the Malmö municipality present that the wind is a large unpleasant factor to both residents and visitors’ perception of the area (Kristensson, 2013).The results show similarities to presented studies, for example with birdsong being identified as a pleasant sound whilst traffic being an unpleasant sound. Moreover, most identified sounds by the soundwalk respondents were loud and intense, indicating a lack of listening to less-intense, more quiet sounds. The thesis show that qualitative soundscape methodologies can highlight further dimensions of sound beyond decibel levels, positions sound as a central dimension of sense of place. The thesis provides suggestions for the municipality to have updated information and state what sound actions is being made in each area in the city to include sound and acoustic wellbeing as a central dimension of their sustainable urban development, in order to be able to reach their own goal of having all stakeholders working in the same direction. Along with the fact that the Swedish noise abatement law’s approach is preventative, but does not include the aspect of social change in a space after it is built (Kling, 2013; Malmö comprehensive plan, 2013; Dalman, 2013), since the city of Malmö have grown quickly and is still facing a rapid expansion in demographics (SCB, 2021), as Raimbault & Dubois (2005) argue, denser cities are more noisy.

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Cho, Jaeyoun. "Speech enhancement using microphone array." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1132239060.

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Hoglund, Evelyn M. "Spectral and temporal integration of brief tones." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1186528279.

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Youngdahl, Carla L. "The Development of Auditory “Spectral Attention Bands” in Children." The Ohio State University, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1437576113.

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Chan, Man-kei Karen, and 陳文琪. "Auditory perceptual learning of breathy voice quality in naive listeners based on an exemplar and prototype approach." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2005. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B4501470X.

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Isohanni, (fd Kempe) Freja. "Comparing listeners’ ability to detect and lateralize simulated sound reflections." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Psykologiska institutionen, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-193327.

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Echolocation is using lagging sounds as cues to localize the objects reflecting them. The precedence effect (PE) occurs when echoic signals are suppressed in favour of leading signals. In this study, the ability of nine listeners to overcome the PE when detecting and lateralizing echoic signals through headphones was measured and compared. Threshold estimates of the lead-lag ratio (dB) for lead-lag click-pairs at eight different inter-click intervals (ICIs) between 6-200ms were obtained. Further, two listeners trained each task at two ICIs (12 and 200ms) for seven days to investigate training, and transfer of training, effect between tasks. The results revealed that the PE is still present in lateralization tasks when ICI is at least 48ms. A threshold level difference between echo detection and lateralization was observed, indicating a possibility of different processing mechanisms between tasks. No training effects were found although longer training periods could provide more answers to what lies behind the ability to overcome the PE and echolocate efficiently in everyday life.

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Spezio, Michael L. "Using virtual reality to understand the brain : applications in virtual auditory space /." view abstract or download file of text, 2002. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/uoregon/fullcit?p3045096.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2002.
Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 127-139). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users. Address: http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/uoregon/fullcit?p3045096.

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Allen, Matthew Paul. "Analysis and Synthesis of Aicraft Engine Fan Noise for Use in Psychoacoustic Studies." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/32122.

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Community noise impact is an important factor in design of current generation aircraft, especially when considering projected trends in flight volume and urbanization. Simulation is a useful tool to evaluate the human annoyance response due to both current and proposed aircraft, and it has some advantages over field studies or playback of recordings. However, current simulation methods which are based on time-averaged prediction methods do not include short term fluctuations observed in recordings of real aircraft engines. Those fluctuations in both tonal and broadband sources provide psychoacoustic clues to listeners when evaluating flyover noise realism. When those short-term fluctuations are not included, simulation realism may suffer and evaluation results might not be applicable to real aircraft. This thesis presents work to analyze and model fluctuations in aircraft engine fan noise, using an existing set of static turbofan engine recordings. The inclusion of the observed fluctuations, which are unaccounted for in many current prediction and simulation routines, was expected to increase the perceived realism of simulated flyover events. The analysis of tonal fluctuations was performed by utilizing the complex-valued analytic signal to extract instantaneous amplitude and frequency. A simple parametric model was developed to represent each measured fluctuation using its spectral bandwidth and variance. The model was then used to generate new fluctuations which were perceptually similar to the original. Tonal synthesis was performed as the sum of many amplitude- and frequency-modulated tones. Analysis was also performed on the broadband fan noise component, which used output from the Short-Time Fourier Transform was used to characterize fluctuations in third-octave band SPL. Those fluctuations were not modeled as in the case of tonal fluctuations and were directly reproduced using an overlap-add synthesis tool. A subjective listening test was then conducted to evaluate the perceptual similarity between synthesized and recorded fan noise. That test concluded that synthesized tonal noise which included short-term fluctuations was perceived as more realistic than noise without. It also concluded that the addition of broadband fan noise components tended to mask tonal fluctuations.
Master of Science

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36

Chambers, Christopher D. (Christopher David) 1977. "A psychophysical investigation of the octave illusion." Monash University, Dept. of Psychology, 2002. http://arrow.monash.edu.au/hdl/1959.1/8303.

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37

Philips, Scott M. "Perceptually-driven signal analysis for acoustic event classification /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/5934.

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38

Gidla, Vijay Kiran. "IMPLEMENTATION AND EVALUATION OF AUDITORY MODELS FOR HUMAN ECHOLOCATION." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Institutionen för tillämpad signalbehandling, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-11646.

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Blind people use echoes to detect objects and to find their way, the ability being known as human echolocation. Previous research have found some of the favorable conditions for the detection of the object, with many factors yet to be analyzed and quantified. Studies have also shown that blind people are more efficient than the sighted in echolocating, with the performance varying among the individuals. This motivated the research in human echolocation to move in a new direction to get a fuller understanding for the high detection of the blind. The psychoacoustic experiments solely cannot determine how the superior echo detection of the blind listeners should be attributed to perceptual or physiological causes. Along with the perceptual results it is vital to know how the sounds are processed in the auditory system. Hearing research has led to the development of several auditory models by combining the physiological and psychological results with signal analysis methods. These models try to describe how the auditory system processes the signals. Hence, to analyze how the sounds are processed for the high detection of the blind, auditory models available in the literature were used in this thesis. The results suggest that repetition pitch is useful at shorter distances and is determined from the peaks in the temporal profile of the autocorrelation function computed on the neural activity pattern. Loudness attribute also plays a role in providing information for the listeners to echolocate at shorter distances. At longer distances timbre aspects such as sharpness information might be used by the listeners to detect the objects. It was also found that the repetition pitch, loudness and sharpness attributes in turn depend on the room acoustics and type of the stimuli used. These results show the fruitfulness of combining results from different disciplines through a mathematical framework given by signal analysis.

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39

Beaudet, Douglas Barrett. "The effects of 16 variables on a telephone information system which uses synthetic speech." Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/80018.

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Information systems that employ synthetic speech are emerging daily in the consumer market. However, many of these systems are being developed without first investigating the numerous factors that affect the design and usability of these systems. This study investigated the effects of 16 variables on a telephone information system which uses synthetic speech as the display modality. The information system was for a fictitious department store. Subjects telephoned the system and searched for information messages on specific store items. Upon hearing the message, subjects transcribed what they heard and rated their perceived difficulty in understanding the message, their confidence in correctly remembering the message, and their perceived difficulty in finding the store item in the system. Subject search performance measures were recorded during each search, and system evaluation subjective ratings were collected at the end of each experimental session. A Hadamard 32x32 matrix design was used in this screening study to test efficiently the main effects of the 16 variables on 23 measures of user performance. Only 32 data points were required to evaluate the variables in the screening study. The analyses identified 8 variables (speech rate, menu organization, number of targets, wallet guide, menu feedback, background music, subject age, and subject gender) as having a significant effect in at least two tests; 4 variables (voice type, pause/resume, repeat keyword, and command feedback) as having a significant effect in one test; and 4 variables (input timeout, system response time, selection feedback, and spell-out keyword) that did not have a significant effect in any test. The analyses also assessed the worth of the 12 dependent measures in providing meaningful test results.
Master of Science

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40

McMullen, Cheyenne. "ASMR, Spectrograms, and Adam Young: Shaping a Genre Through Frequencies." OpenSIUC, 2021. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/2839.

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Spectrogram analysis of the most popular works of Adam Young’s four major projects; Owl City, Sky Sailing, Port Blue, and The Score Project. Spectrograms reveal several elements separate to what waveforms can show, and better show elements like frequency saturation, frequency ranges, overtones, and timbral sections. All these elements also can be used to better describe the phenomenon of the Autonomous Sensory Meridian Response (ASMR) and can also be seen on a spectrogram. Because of the ability to see these different elements, a spectrogram provides a good vehicle to analyze and compare elements of Young’s works and ASMR.After analysis, Young’s works show similar types of spectrograms to ASMR content, but the link between the influences between the two is not certain, it is probable that popular music and the ASMR phenomenon are linked in some measurable way. This thesis provides insight into how to further and continue music and ASMR research.

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41

Strohman, Gregory. "Recordings.zip." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2014. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/281333.

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Music Performance
D.M.A.
This dissertation attempts to motivate, derive and imply potential uses for a generalized perceptual theory of musical harmony called psychoacoustic entropy theory. This theory treats the human auditory system as a physical system which takes acoustic measurements. As a result, the human auditory system is subject to all the appropriate uncertainties and limitations of other physical measurement systems. This is the theoretic basis for defining psychoacoustic entropy. Psychoacoustic entropy is a numerical quantity which indexes the degree to which the human auditory system perceives instantaneous disorder within a sound pressure wave. Chapter one explains the importance of harmonic analysis as a tool for performance practice. It also outlines the critical limitations for many of the most influential historical approaches to modeling harmonic stability, particularly when compared to available scientific research in psychoacoustics. Rather than analyze a musical excerpt, psychoacoustic entropy is calculated directly from sound pressure waves themselves. This frames psychoacoustic entropy theory in the most general possible terms as a theory of musical harmony, enabling it to be invoked for any perceivable sound. Chapter two provides and examines many widely accepted mathematical models of the acoustics and psychoacoustics of these sound pressure waves. Chapter three introduces entropy as a precise way of measuring perceived uncertainty in sound pressure waves. Entropy is used, in combination with the acoustic and psychoacoustic models introduced in chapter two, to motivate the mathematical formulation of psychoacoustic entropy theory. Chapter four shows how to use psychoacoustic entropy theory to analyze the certain types of musical harmonies, while chapter five applies the analytical tools developed in chapter four to two short musical excerpts to influence their interpretation. Almost every form of harmonic analysis invokes some degree of mathematical reasoning. However, the limited scope of most harmonic systems used for Western common practice music greatly simplifies the necessary level of mathematical detail. Psychoacoustic entropy theory requires a greater deal of mathematical complexity due to its sheer scope as a generalized theory of musical harmony. Fortunately, under specific assumptions the theory can take on vastly simpler forms. Psychoacoustic entropy theory appears to be highly compatible with the latest scientific research in psychoacoustics. However, the theory itself should be regarded as a hypothesis and this dissertation an experiment in progress. The evaluation of psychoacoustic entropy theory as a scientific theory of human sonic perception must wait for more rigorous future research.
Temple University--Theses

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42

Jin, Craig T. "Spectral analysis and resolving spatial ambiguities in human sound localization." Connect to full text, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/1342.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Sydney, 2001.
Title from title screen (viewed 13 January 2009). Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy to the School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Faculty of Engineering. Includes bibliographical references. Also available in print form.

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43

Markessis, Emily. "Development of an objective procedure allowing frequency selectivity measurements using the masking function of auditory steady state evoked potentials." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209990.

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Introduction

Les surdités cochléaires induisent, outre une audibilité réduite, une série de distorsions de la représentation neurale des sons. Deux des mécanismes à la base de ces distorsions sont d’une part une atteinte de la sélectivité fréquentielle et d’autre part des zones neuro-épithéliales non fonctionnelles. Tant le premier que le second mécanisme apparaissent dans une proportion variable et non prédictible d’un sujet à un autre. Deux tests permettent le diagnostic de ces atteintes spécifiques: la Courbe d’Accord (Tuning Curve: TC) et le Threshold Equalising Noise (TEN) test. La TC, mesurée par une technique psychoacoustique chez un adulte collaborant (Psychophysical TC: PTC), consiste en la mesure du niveau de bruit (masqueur) nécessaire pour masquer un son pur (signal) de fréquence et d’intensité fixes. Le TEN test consiste en la mesure des seuils auditifs dans le silence et en présence d’un bruit égalisateur de seuil (TEN). Ces tests qui requièrent des capacités cognitives adultes normales, ne sont pas applicables aux populations pédiatriques prélinguales.

Ce travail de thèse avait pour but le développement d’un équivalent objectif et non invasif des TCs et du TEN test applicable aux populations pédiatriques. La méthode objective choisie fut les potentiels auditifs stationnaires ou ASSEPs (Auditory Steady State Evoked Potentials). Les ASSEPs sont une réponse électrophysiologique cérébrale évoquée par un stimulus acoustique de longue durée modulé en amplitude et/ou en fréquence.

Méthodes & Résultats

Etape 1

Les développements méthodologiques ont été réalisés sur l’espèce canine et humaine adulte. Les ASSEPs n’ayant jamais été préalablement enregistrés chez le chien, une première étape à consister à définir chez cette espèce les paramètres d’enregistrement optimaux (modulation en amplitude optimale) dont on sait qu’ils interagissent avec l’état veille-sommeil, avec la fréquence testée et probablement avec l’espèce animale investiguée.

A cette fin, les seuils auditifs obtenus chez 32 chiens à l’aide des ASSEPs ont été validés à cinq fréquences audiométriques par comparaison aux seuils obtenus avec les potentiels auditifs du tronc cérébral évoqués aux bouffées tonales.

Les seuils obtenus aux ASSEPs avec les paramètres optimaux d’enregistrement (légèrement différents des paramètres optimaux humains) étaient similaires à ceux obtenus aux bouffées tonales.

Ces résultats ont été publiés dans Clinical Neurophysiology (Markessis et al. 2006; 117: 1760-1771).

Etape 2

La possibilité de mesurer des TCs à l’aide des ASSEPs (ASSEP-TCs) a été évaluée sur 10 chiens. Les données canines ont été comparées à des données de la littérature, çàd aux TC enregistrées chez d’autres espèces et avec d’autres méthodes. Des ASSEP-TCs ont également été enregistrées chez 7 humains adultes et confrontées aux PTCs obtenues chez les mêmes sujets. Les PTCs sont typiquement energistrées avec un signal sinusoïdal alors que le stimulus utilisé pour évoquer un ASSEP est une sinusoïde modulée en amplitude. L’effet des sinusoïdes modulées en amplitude sur les paramètres qualitatifs et quantitatifs des TCs a donc été évalué en comparant les PTCs obtenues avec un son pur et avec un son pur modulé en amplitude chez 10 humains adultes.

Les résultats ont révélé que les ASSEP-TCs enregistrées chez le chien et l’humain présentaient des paramètres qualitatifs et quantitatifs similaires respectivement à ceux décrits dans la littérature et aux PTCs. Par ailleurs, auncun effet des stimuli modulés en amplitude sur les paramètres des PTCs n’a été démontré.

Ces données ont été publiées dans Ear & Hearing (Markessis et al. 2009, 30: 43-53).

Etape 3

Les ASSEP-TCs ont été validées chez 10 chiens en comparant les données aux TC enregistrées par électrocochléographie (Compound Action Potential TC: CAP-TC). Le masqueur utilisé pour les CAP-TCs est typiquement une sinusoïde alors que le masqueur utilisé pour les ASSEP-TCs est un bruit à bande étroite. Dès lors, une comparaison du type de masqueur (sinusoïde vs bruit à bande étroite) sur les paramètres des CAP-TCs et ASSEP-TCs a été réalisée chez 10 chiens.

Les ASSEP-TCs chez le chien se sont révélées qualitativement et quantitativement similaires aux CAP-TCs quel que soit le type de masqueur. Elles presentaient par ailleurs l’avantage d’être moins variables, plus précises et non invasives par rapport aux CAP-TCs.

Ces données ont été publiées dans International Journal of Audiology (Markessis et al. 2010, 49 ;455-62).

Etape 4

Afin d’étudier la validité de la procédure à mettre en évidence des changements de sélectivité fréquentielle dus à une atteinte cochléaire, des ASSEP-TCs ont été obtenues chez 10 chiens cochléo-lésés suite à un trauma acoustique. Les Produits de Distorsion Acoustiques, les potentiels évoqués auditifs du tronc cérébral évoqués par un clic et les ASSEPs à cinq fréquences audiométriques ont été enregisrés afin de délimiter l’étendue de la lésion.

Les ASSEP-TCs ont été fortement altérées, mais pas comme attendu ni suggéré par les mesures fonctionnelles indiquant que le trauma acoustique a créé une lésion différente de celle espérée.

Cette étude doit être poursuivie, des lésions moins importantes créées et une validation histopathologique réalisée.

Etape 5

Le TEN test a été mesuré à l’aide des ASSEPs (ASSEP-TEN) chez 12 adultes et cinq enfants normo-entendants. Les données adultes ont été confrontées aux données comportementales. L’effet des stimuli ASSEP (son pur modulé en amplitude) sur les TEN test a également été investigué en comparant les données comportementales obtenues avec une sinusoïde et avec une sinusoïde modulée en amplitude chez 24 adultes.

Les seuils masqués enregistrés aux ASSEPs étaient supérieurs à ceux mesurés par une épreuve comportementale. L’élévation des seuils masqués pose un problème potentiel de dynamique.

La procédure doit être testée chez des patients présentant une surdité cochléaire attendu que la différence entre les seuils auditifs mesurés aux ASSEPs et par une épreuve comportementale est moindre dans cette population. Dans la mesure où le problème de dynamique résiduelle persiste chez les patients malentendants, d’autres stimuli ou algorithmes d’enregistrement doivent être utilisés.

Etape 6

Le TEN est un stimulus large bande. Il peut dès lors se révéler intolérable chez des patients présentant une atteinte auditive restreinte à une region fréquentielle. L’effet du filtrage du TEN sur les seuils et la sonie du TEN a été étudié chez 24 sujets normo-entendants et 35 patients présentant une perte cochléaire dans les hautes fréquences.

Le filtrage passe-haut du TEN s’est avéré être une solution satisfaisante.

Ces données ont été publiées dans International Journal of Audiology (Markessis et al. 2006; 45: 91-98).

Etape 7

L’effet de l’intensité du TEN sur le diagnostic des zones neuro-épithéliales non fonctionnelles a été investigué chez 24 patients en mesurant les seuils masqués à quatre intensités de TEN différentes. La fiabilité du TEN test a également été évaluée.

Le TEN est une procédure fiable. L’intensité du TEN a affecté le diagnostic chez cinq patients. Ce résultat est interprété en termes de degré de l’atteinte du complexe neurosensoriel.

Ces données ont été publiées dans International Journal of Audiology (Markessis et al. 2009; 48: 55-62).

Conclusion

Un algorithme permettant la mesure de TC et du TEN test objective à l’aide des ASSEPs a été développé. L’implémentation clinique de l’algorithme appliqué à l’enregistrement des CA paraît envisageable. Une importante étape de la corrélation entre modifications anatomiques (à l’aide de l’histopathologie) et physiologiques (ASSEP-TC et CAP-TC) est maintenant celle qui s’impose. Les données préliminaires obtenues sur le TEN test électrophysiologique chez des sujets normo-entendants suggèrent que son implémentation clinique puisse se heurter à un problème de dynamique si ce dernier est confirmé en présence de surdités cochléaires. Plusieurs pistes potentielles de solutions ont été avancées.

Doctorat en Sciences biomédicales et pharmaceutiques
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

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44

Loeffler, Dominik B. "Instrument Timbres and Pitch Estimation in Polyphonic Music." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/10568.

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In the past decade, the availability of digitally encoded, downloadable music has increased dramatically, pushed mainly by the release of the now famous MP3 compression format (Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft, 1994). Online sales of music in the US doubled in 2005, according to a recent news article (*), while the number of files exchanged on P2P platforms is much higher, but hard to estimate. The existing and coming informational flood in digital music prompts the need for sophisticated content-based information retrieval. Query-by-Humming is a prototypical technique aimed at locating pieces of music by melody; automatic annotation algorithms seek to enable finer search criteria, such as instruments, genre, or meter. Score transcription systems strive for an abstract, compressed form of a piece of music understandable by composers and musicians. Much research still has to be performed to achieve these goals. This thesis connects essential knowledge about music and human auditory perception with signal processing algorithms to solve the specific problem of pitch estimation. The designed algorithm obtains an estimate of the magnitude spectrum via STFT and models the harmonic structure of each pitch contained in the magnitude spectrum with Gaussian density mixtures, whose parameters are subsequently estimated via an Expectation-Maximization (EM) algorithm. Heuristics for EM initialization are formulated mathematically. The system is implemented in MATLAB, featuring a GUI that provides for visual (spectrogram) and numerical (console) verification of results. The algorithm is tested using an array of data ranging from single to triple superposed instrument recordings. Its advantages and limitations are discussed, and a brief outlook over potential future research is given. (*) "Online and Wireless Music Sales Tripled in 2005"; Associated Press; January 19, 2006

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45

Oh, Yonghee. "An Enhanced Channel Model for Spectrotemporal Integration and Masker Phase Effects." The Ohio State University, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1376929998.

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46

Hansson, Karl, and Mikael Hernvall. "Performance and Perceived Realism in Rasterized 3D Sound Propagation for Interactive Virtual Environments." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Institutionen för programvaruteknik, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-18251.

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Background. 3D sound propagation is important for immersion and realism in interactive and dynamic virtual environments. However, this is difficult to model in a physically accurate manner under real-time constraints. Computer graphics techniques are used in acoustics research to increase performance, yet there is little utilization of the especially efficient rasterization techniques, possibly due to concerns of physical accuracy. Fortunately, psychoacoustics have shown that perceived realism does not equate physical accuracy. This indicates that perceptually realistic and high-performance 3D sound propagation may be achievable with rasterization techniques. Objectives. This thesis investigates whether 3D sound propagation can be modelled with high performance and perceived realism using rasterization-based techniques. Methods. A rasterization-based solution for 3D sound propagation is implemented. Its perceived realism is measured using psychoacoustic evaluations. Its performance is analyzed through computation time measurements with varying sound source and triangle count, and theoretical calculations of memory consumption. The performance and perceived realism of the rasterization-based solution is compared with an existing solution. Results. The rasterization-based solution shows both higher performance and perceived realism than the existing solution. Conclusions. 3D sound propagation can be modelled with high performance and perceived realism using rasterization-based techniques. Thus, rasterized 3D sound propagation may provide efficient, low-cost, perceptually realistic 3D audio for areas where immersion and perceptual realism are important, such as video games, serious games, live entertainment events, architectural design, art production and training simulations.
Bakgrund. 3D-ljudpropagering är viktig för inlevelse och realism i interaktiva och dynamiska virtuella miljöer. Dock är detta svårt att modellera på fysiskt träffsäkert sätt med realtidsbegränsningar. Tekniker inom datorgrafik används inom akustikforskning för att öka prestanda, ändock används knappt de synnerligen effektiva rasteriseringsteknikerna, möjligtvis på grund av osäkerhet kring fysisk träffsäkerhet. Lyckligtvis har psykoakustiken visat att uppfattad realism inte är detsamma som fysisk träffsäkerhet. Detta är en indikation på att högpresterande och perceptuellt realistisk 3D-ljudpropagering kan åstadkommas med rasteriseringstekniker. Syfte. Denna avhandling undersöker huruvida 3D-ljudpropagering kan modelleras med hög prestanda och perceptuell realism med rasteriseringstekniker. Metod. En rasteriseringsbaserad lösning för 3D-ljudpropagering implementeras. Dess perceptuella realism mäts genom psykoakustiska utvärderingar. Dess prestanda analyseras genom körtidsmätningar vid varierande antal ljudkällor och trianglar, och teoretiska uträkningar över minnesanvändning. Den perceptuella realismen och prestandan hos den rasteriseringsbaserade lösningen jämförs med en existerande lösning. Resultat. Den rasteriseringsbaserade lösningen påvisar både högre perceptuell realism och prestanda än den existerande lösningen. Slutsatser. 3D-ljudpropagering kan modelleras med hög prestanda och perceptuell realism med rasteriseringsbaserade tekniker. Alltså kan rasteriserad 3D-ljudpropagering bistå med effektivt, billigt och perceptuellt realistiskt 3D-ljud för områden där inlevelse och perceptuell realism är viktiga, såsom videospel, seriösa spel, live underhållningsevents, arkitekturdesign, konstproduktion och träningssimulationer.

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47

Wilkie, Sonia. "Auditory manipulation of visual perception." Thesis, View thesis, 2008. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/39802.

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Psychological research on cross-modal auditory-visual perception has focused predominantly on the manipulation of sensory information by visual information. There are relatively few studies of the way auditory stimuli may affect other sensory information. The Sound-induced Illusory Flash is one illusory paradigm that involves the auditory system biasing visual information. However, little is known about this cross-modal illusion. More research is needed into the structure of the illusion that investigates the different conditions under which the Sound induced Illusory Flash manifests and is enhanced or reduced. The research conducted for this thesis investigates the effect of new auditory stimulus variables on the Sound-induced Illusory Flash. The variables to be discussed concern the formation of a contrast in the auditory stimuli, with the contrast creating a rhythm that emphasises the discontinuous nature of the auditory stimuli, and therefore emphasises the illusory percept. The auditory stimulus contrasts include pitch separation with the octave interval, using the frequencies of 261.5 and 523Hz; and spatial separation in the auditory stimuli, presenting the monophonic auditory stimuli binaurally so that individual tones alternate between the left and right channels. I furthered this concept of auditory stimuli separation biasing an illusory percept, by investigating pitch and spatial presentation and localisation of the visual stimuli presentation, when multiple dots were presented. I also conducted analyses to determine if factors other than the auditory stimuli biased the illusory percept. These included the use of non-illusory trials and determining if their inclusion biased the illusory trial percept; and the impact of physical factors such as handedness, eye dominance, corrected vision, and musical experience on the illusory percept. My ultimate aim is to develop the illusory effect as a basis for new intermedia techniques to create the perceptual synchronisation of sound with images. These would be perceived as visually spliced according to the rhythm of the music on the micro time scale.

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48

Granzow, John, and University of Lethbridge Faculty of Arts and Science. "Ventriloquial dummy tones : embodied cognition of pitch direction." Thesis, Lethbridge, Alta. : University of Lethbridge, Dept. of Psychology, c2010, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10133/2558.

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Tone pairs constructed with the frequencies of the overtones moving in opposition to the missing fundamental frequencies they imply, produce expertise differences in the tracking of pitch direction. One interpretation of this result is that it arises as a function of rudimentary differences in the perceptual systems of musicians and non-musicians. Several experiments suggest instead a more embodied source of expertise to be found in vocal mediation such that the effect of musical experience in these tasks is the result of the most salient action of musicians: making sound.
x, 87 leaves : ill. ; 29 cm

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49

Johansson, Marcus. "An indicative case-control study of noise perception due to environmental noise sources." Thesis, KTH, Marcus Wallenberg Laboratoriet MWL, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-280546.

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Abstract:

The subject of the thesis was proposed by the acoustic consultancy firm Brekke & Strand, which is of relevance for their additional understanding and development of services and contribution to robust solutions. The aim with this thesis is to give indicative results and to dig deeper into the relation between environmental noise and the perception of the same, specially focusing on construction related noise but also permanent noise sources that originates from infrastructure. The area of interest to evaluate the study is a central location in Stockholm, specifically around Slussen.The importance of a study within this field is vital, especially when considering possible negative health effects that can be related to the perceived noise exposure. With that background it is worth to consider the amount of healthy-life-years lost in Europe each year, which is assumed to be one million. The correlation between lost life years and noise is one of many, but it is also proven to be a catalyst when it comes to stress related or cardiovascular diseases. For instance, if one is living closer than 50 meters from a major road the risk can be four times higher to be annoyed, which in extension can be coupled to the diseases mentioned above.The practical implementation of the study is conducted with a survey and field measurements, with a psychoacoustical perspective and within the frames of a case-control study. Partially this includes to inform the participants of the study at different stages regarding construction noise. The provided information, survey and field measurements aims to be a substantial part of the evaluation regarding the perceived noise whether it is due to construction work, infrastructure or other stochastic sources.The result is presented and distinguished based on distance to noise source, differentiated by gender as well as which type of source that tends to be most annoying. The implemented ranking is displayed as the ICBEN score of each category or source which aims to measure the perceived impact. Even though the results are indicative, the conclusion yields an information dependency as well as a noise source dependency. Further on, the result yields an interesting pattern between genders where women tend to be more disturbed by construction- and other-noise, whereas men tend to be more disturbed by rail- and road-noise.
Ämnet för uppsatsen föreslogs av akustiskkonsultföretaget Brekke & Strand, vilket är av relevans för deras ytterligare förståelse och utveckling av tjänster och bidrag till robusta lösningar. Syftet är att ge vägledande resultat och gräva djupare i förhållandet mellan samhällsbuller och uppfattningen av detsamma, med särskilt fokus på konstruktionsrelaterat buller men också permanenta bullerkällor som härstammar från infrastruktur. Studien och utvärderingen av den samma har fokuserats till Slussenområdet i centrala Stockholm.Betydelsen av en studie inom detta område är avgörande, särskilt när man överväger eventuella negativa hälsoeffekter som kan relateras till den upplevda bullerexponeringen. Med den bakgrunden är det värt att ta hänsyn till hur många hälsosamma levnadsår som går förlorade i Europa varje år, vilket antas vara en miljon. Korrelationen mellan förlorade levnadsår och buller är en av många, men det har också visat sig vara en katalysator när det gäller stressrelaterade eller hjärt- och kärlsjukdomar. Om man till exempel bor närmare än 50 meter från en huvudväg kan risken vara fyra gånger högre för att bli störd och påverkad av buller, vilket i förlängning kan kopplas till ovan nämnda sjukdomar.Det praktiska genomförandet av studien utförsmed en enkätundersökning, fältmätningar,med ett psyko-akustiskt perspektiv och inom ramen för en fallkontrollstudie. Detta inkluderar delvis att informera deltagarna i studien i olika stadier beträffande konstruktionsrelaterat buller. Den tillhandahållna informationen, undersökningen och fältmätningarna syftar till att vara en väsentlig del av utvärderingen av det upplevda bullret oavsett om det beror på byggnadsarbete, infrastruktur eller andra stokastiska källor.Resultatet presenteras och skiljer sig utifrån avstånd till bullerkälla, uppdelat efter kön samt vilken typ av källa som tenderar att vara mest irriterande. Den implementerade rangordningen visas som ICBEN-skalan för varje kategori eller källa, som syftar till att mäta den upplevda effekten. Även om resultaten är vägledande så visar resultaten ett informationsberoende samt ett bullerkällaberoende. Vidare ger resultatet ett intressant mönster mellan könen, där kvinnor tenderar att bli mer störda av konstruktions- och andra-bullerkällor, medan män tenderar att bli mer störda av järnvägs- och väg-buller.

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50

Anderson, Michael-John Peter. "The amalgamation of acoustic and digital audio techniques for the creation of adaptable sound output for musical theatre." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/76720.

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Abstract:

There are many facets that influence the quality of a musical theatre production. The visual appeal is created from the décor, costumes and lighting, whereas the plot, pace, and relationship a listener develops with the characters are fundamental to the performance quality. However, one often overlooked factor is the impact of sound quality. The perception of sound quality is subjective but is greatly impacted by the environment in which the listener finds themselves. If the projection of the music is underwhelming in depth and expression, or the balance of the dynamics and timbre are badly mixed, this can jeopardise the production’s success, regardless of the quality of the composition or the visual aspects. The production budget for a musical performance can be prohibitive. As a result, prerecorded music is often used as an alternative substitute to live musicians. However, the subjective authenticity of a musical may be jeopardized by the exclusion of live musicians and create additional challenges and performance limitations. One such challenge is the environment in which music will be played. Recorded music is usually created in a single format such as compact disc or for broadcasting, and the cost of recording be can just as expensive as a live performance, especially on large scale works. Time and budget constraints may impact the sound quality. In addition to this, the varying acoustic properties of potential venues may emphasise sonic gaps and flaws contributing to a listener’s negative perception of the sound quality, resulting in a compromised experience of the performance as a whole. This mixed method dissertation offers a systematic explanation to potentially resolve these challenges and limitations by conceptualising established knowledge of sound, audio and acoustics to formulate a framework for adaptive sound. These concepts are put into practice by creating a specifically designed audio recording that is experimented with in multiple theatre scenarios to successfully achieve optimal adaptation of the sound for the theatre environment.
Dissertation (MMus)--University of Pretoria, 2019.
Music
MMus
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Psychoacoustics'

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