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Journal articles on the topic 'Psychiatry Australia'

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Published: 10 December 2022

Last updated: 28 January 2023

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1

Kaplan, Robert M. "Psychiatry in Australia." South African Journal of Psychiatry 10, no. 2 (October 1, 2004): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajpsychiatry.v10i2.143.

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Psychiatry has been practised in Australia in one form or another since the peopling of the continent, originally with the practices of the Aboriginal shamans, and later with the psychiatric treatment necessitated by convict transportation.Over most of the last half-century psychiatry has been administered by the Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists.There are over 2 000 psychiatrists in Australia, and num- bers are expected to increase in future.As in many other countries, there is ongoing pressure between the private and public sectors, with endemic under- funding of public and community services.Despite its small number of practitioners and relative isola- tion from major centres, Australian psychiatry has a distin- guished record in the field of research. The most famous dis- covery, by John Cade, was the use of lithium for treatment of mania.Recently governments at state and federal level have acknowledged the effect of psychiatric illness on patients and their families. This has led to the development of pro- grammes to improve public information and eliminate preju- dice.It is anticipated that the practice of psychiatry will flourish in Australia and that the country will remain a leading centre of excellence in psychiatric research and training.

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2

Couper, Jeremy. "Chronic Fatigue Syndrome and Australian Psychiatry: Lessons from the UK Experience." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 34, no. 5 (October 2000): 762–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/j.1440-1614.2000.00810.x.

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Objective: The aim of this paper is to outline the opportunities and dangers the chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) issue presents to Australian psychiatry. Method: The scientific literature of the last 50 years on CFS in adults was reviewed and samples of recent media portrayals of CFS in the UK and Australia were collected. The author has worked in both the UK and Australia managing adult CFS patients in specialist outpatient consultation–liaison (C–L) psychiatry settings. Results: Chronic fatigue syndrome has been at the heart of an acrimonious debate in the UK, both within the medical profession and in the wider community. UK psychiatry has been drawn into the debate, at times being the target of strong and potentially damaging criticism, yet UK psychiatry, especially the C–L subspecialty, has played a crucial role in clarifying appropriate research questions and in devising management strategies. The issue has served to enhance and broaden psychiatry's perceived research and clinical role at the important medicine–psychiatry interface in that country. Conclusions: Handled properly, the CFS issue offers Australian psychiatry, especially C–L psychiatry, an opportunity to make a useful contribution to patient care in a clinically difficult and contentious area, while at the same time serving to help broaden psychiatry's scope in the Australian medical landscape.

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Boyce, Philip, and Nicola Crossland. "The Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists." International Psychiatry 2, no. 10 (October 2005): 19–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/s1749367600007529.

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The vision of the Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists (RANZCP) is of ‘a fellowship of psychiatrists working with and for the general community to achieve the best attainable quality of psychiatric care and mental health’. It is the principal organisation representing the specialty of psychiatry in Australia and New Zealand; it currently has around 2600 Fellows, who account for approximately 85% of psychiatrists in Australia and 50% of psychiatrists in New Zealand. The RANZCP sets the curriculum, accredits training and training programmes, and assesses trainee psychiatrists. In addition, it administers a continuing professional development programme for practising psychiatrists, has a role in policy development, publishes two scientific journals – the Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry and Australasian Psychiatry – and holds an annual scientific congress.

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4

Szmukler, George. "Foreign Report: Psychiatry in Australia." Bulletin of the Royal College of Psychiatrists 11, no. 8 (August 1987): 258–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/s0140078900017508.

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After some 13 years of pale-faced exile in England I returned with some excitement to Australia, eager to share in its psychiatric development and perhaps to benefit a little from the fruits of what appears as the international rapacity of Murdoch, Holmes a Court, Elders IXL et al. The second more furtive wish suffered early set-backs as I discovered that the Australian economy was dipping alarmingly and that the Australian dollar, once to my mind as solid as Ayer's Rock, was sinking rather than floating against other currencies. This has meant cut-backs in government expenditure, health included, threatening my first wish as well.

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5

Ryan, Christopher. "Australasian Psychiatry and Euthanasia." Australasian Psychiatry 4, no. 6 (December 1996): 307–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/10398569609082072.

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In May 1995, the Northern Territory of Australia became the first legislative jurisdiction in the world to introduce legislation specifically sanctioning active voluntary euthanasia. Shortly after the introduction of the legislation many of Australia's political leaders announced that they would support similar legislation in their jurisdictions and there nave already been attempts to pass such legislation elsewhere in Australia and in New Zealand.

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6

Snowdon, John. "Psychiatry in Australia." Psychiatric Bulletin 16, no. 01 (January 1992): 47–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/s0955603600106749.

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7

Szmukler, G. "Psychiatry in Australia." Psychiatric Bulletin 11, no. 8 (August 1, 1987): 258–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/pb.11.8.258.

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8

Lyons, Zaza, Brian Power, Natalia Bilyk, and Johann Claassen. "The University of Western Australia Institute of Psychiatry for Medical Students: An Australian First." Australasian Psychiatry 17, no. 4 (January 1, 2009): 306–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10398560902964602.

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Objective: Recruitment of medical graduates into psychiatry has become a growing issue over the last few decades. This paper describes the implementation of an innovative program, based on a Canadian concept, that aimed to promote psychiatry as a career choice to medical students, to immerse them in the ‘world of psychiatry’, and introduce them to potential mentors. The University of Western Australia Institute of Psychiatry for Medical Students was a week-long program that provided medical students with an opportunity to participate in a diverse agenda of interactive seminars on a range of psychiatric subspecialties and the neurosciences. Students were also able to attend elective sessions and meet registrars and psychiatrists on an informal basis. Lunches and social events were also provided. Conclusion: Twenty-one students attended the inaugural Institute. Twenty-seven speakers contributed to the morning seminars and there were 17 clinical elective site visits. Feedback from students was positive and the week was rated highly, both in terms of its organization and from an academic perspective. It is planned to run the Institute annually and, in time, it is hoped that it will increase the numbers of students who choose psychiatry as a career option.

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9

Wodak, Alex. "Whose Territory is it Anyway? Should Psychiatry own Alcohol and Drugs in Australia?" Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 28, no. 3 (September 1994): 375–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/00048679409075862.

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Surely alcohol and drug matters in Australia should be regarded as the province of psychiatry? Decades before any other branch of medicine displayed any interest in the subject and long before alcohol and drugs were considered even remotely respectable, numerous Australian psychiatrists provided inspiration and leadership in this Cinderella field. Drs Bartholomew, Bell, Buchanan, Chegwidden, Dalton, Drew, Ellard, Lennane, Milner, Milton, Waddy and Pols are some of the best known among the many Australian psychiatrists who pioneered efforts to improve treatment for patients with alcohol and drug problems. The NHMRC Committee on Alcohol and Drug Dependence, which has a considerable potential for influencing the field in Australia, has always been dominated by psychiatrists. In the United Kingdom and the United States, countries which often serve as models for much of Australian medical and other practice, alcohol and drug matters are determined almost exclusively by psychiatrists. Is there any evidence that they have been held back by a psychiatric hegemony on alcohol and drug's? For many decades (and until quite recently), alcohol and drug matters were handled for the World Health Organisation by its Mental Health Division. Did we suffer globally because WHO placed alcohol and drugs under the control of psychiatry?

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10

Raphael, Beverley. "Prevention in Psychiatry: Australian Contributions." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 34, no. 1_suppl (February 2000): A6—A13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000486740003401s02.

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Objective To provide a historic context for developing a framework for preventive mental health research in Australia. Method A literature review was undertaken and references were selected for their relevance to describing the contributions of Australian researchers and clinicians to an epidemiological approach to mental health disorders, particularly schizophrenia. Results Australian researchers and clinicians have made major innovative contributions to preventive mental health research. Conclusions Australian mental health services, in collaboration with academic departments, are in a highly favourable position to expand preventive research activities into schizophrenia.

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Minas, Harry. "Psychiatry in Vietnam." Australasian Psychiatry 5, no. 1 (February 1997): 3–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/10398569709082084.

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In November 1996 a collaborative workshop organised by the Vietnam National Institute of Mental Health and the Section of Social and Cultural Psychiatry of the Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists was held in Hanoi. Approximately 45 participants from Australia and New Zealand and 90 psychiatrists and psychiatric trainees from throughout Vietnam attended the workshop. This was the first major psychiatric scientific meeting held in Vietnam and was a valuable opportunity for colleagues from the three countries to meet and get to know each other, and to discuss recent developments in mental health and opportunities for collaboration. The meeting was very successful. It was certainly a most enjoyable experience. A number of collaborative possibilities that were discussed are now being actively pursued.

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Williams, Sid. "Geriatric Psychiatry in Australia." International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry 2, no. 1 (January 1987): 67–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/gps.930020109.

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AMES, D. "Geriatric Psychiatry in Australia." International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry 12, no. 2 (February 1997): 143–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1099-1166(199702)12:2<143::aid-gps604>3.0.co;2-s.

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Draper, Brian. "Geriatric psychiatry in Australia." International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry 13, no. 2 (February 1998): 127. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1099-1166(199802)13:2<127::aid-gps692>3.0.co;2-b.

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15

Smith, Graeme C. "The Future of Consultation–Liaison Psychiatry." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 37, no. 2 (April 2003): 150–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1440-1614.2003.01136.x.

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Objective: To review the status of consultation–liaison psychiatry and the factors shaping it, and suggest strategies for its future development. Method: In addition to searches of the main computerized psychiatric databases and review of relevant Commonwealth of Australia publications, the author drew on discussions with national and international colleagues in his role as convenor of the International Organization for Consultation–Liaison Psychiatry. Results: Physical/psychiatric comorbidity and somatization, the conditions in which consultation–liaison psychiatry specializes, are the commonest forms of psychiatric presentation in the community. They are as disabling as psychotic disorders, and comorbid depression in particular is a predictor of increased morbidity and mortality. Acknowledging this, the Second Australian National Mental Health Plan called for consultation–liaison psychiatry to be allowed to participate fully in the mental health care system. It stated that failure to define the term ‘severe mental health problems and mental disorders’ in the First Plan had led to some public mental health systems erroneously equating severity with diagnosis rather than level of need and disability. The call has been largely unheeded. The implication for patient care is both direct and indirect; the context created for psychiatry training by such a restricted focus is helping to perpetuate the neglect of such patients. This is a worldwide problem. Conclusions: Proactive involvement with consumers is required if the problem is to be redressed. At a service level, development of a seamless web of pre-admission/admission/post-discharge functions is required if patients with physical/psychiatric comorbidity and somatoform disorders are to receive effective care, and consultation–liaison psychiatry services are to be able to demonstrate efficacy. Focus on comorbidity in the Australian Third National Mental Health Plan may force resolution of the current problems.

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Peters, A. "Owning the brand of psychiatry." European Psychiatry 41, S1 (April 2017): S740. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.01.1362.

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In Australia and New Zealand, conversations around mental health are playing out in the public space with increasing frequency. Mental health promotion campaigns and organizations are embraced by mainstream and other forms of media, and supported by government. Whilst public knowledge of mental illness is increasing, the profile of psychiatrists as leaders and medical experts in mental illness is a more difficult brand to sell. With a somewhat tarnished history behind us, the modern evidence-based practice of psychiatry is not always at the forefront of public impression. Furthermore, in Australia, more than half of the population (56%) is unaware that psychiatrists have undertaken medical training as a doctor. This presentation will outline Royal Australian and New Zealand college of psychiatrists (RANZCP) action to improve community information about psychiatry, psychiatrists and treatment experiences.Disclosure of interestThe author has not supplied his/her declaration of competing interest.

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17

Cammell, Paul. "Emergency psychiatry: a product of circumstance or a growing sub-speciality field?" Australasian Psychiatry 25, no. 1 (September 26, 2016): 53–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1039856216665286.

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Objectives: This article reviews recent trends in the provision of psychiatric services to the emergency departments of tertiary hospitals in Australia, involving the establishment of specialised in-reach or liaison services as well as various forms of short stay unit attached to emergency departments. The Emergency Psychiatry Service at Flinders Medical Centre, South Australia, is described as a case example. Its specialised models of assessment and clinical care are described, highlighting how these are differentiated from more traditional models in inpatient, community and general hospital consultation–liaison psychiatry. Conclusions: Emergency psychiatry, and in particular the application of specialised psychiatric models of in-reach service and short stay units, is an increasingly important and growing field of psychiatry that warrants further exploration in research. The Emergency Psychiatry Service at Flinders Medical Centre has developed a distinct group of assessment and treatment approaches that exemplifies this growing field.

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Creammer, Mark, and Bruce Singh. "An Integrated Approach to Veteran and Military Mental Health: An Overview of the Australian Centre for Posttraumatic Mental Health." Australasian Psychiatry 11, no. 2 (June 2003): 225–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1039-8562.2003.00514.x.

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Objective: To provide an overview of the development of mental health services for veterans and currently serving military personnel in Australia, with reference to the role of the Australian Centre for Posttraumatic Mental Health (ACPMH). Conclusions: Recent years have seen significant changes in attitudes to the mental health sequelae of military service. The ACPMH, working in collaboration with the Department of Veterans’ Affairs (DVA) and the Australian Defence Force (ADF), as well as with clinicians, researchers, and consumers around Australia, acts as a focus for an integrated approach to veteran and military mental health. The active involvement of both the ADF and DVA in the challenge of mental health provides new opportunities to address psychiatric morbidity at every stage, from recruitment, through deployments and discharge, to veteran status. The ACPMH is in a unique position to facilitate an integrated approach to prevention, intervention, policy development, training, research, and evaluation in order to ensure that Australia remains at the forefront of world's best practice in veteran and military psychiatry. The Centre is also uniquely placed to offer those same services in the field of traumatic stress to the broader community.

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19

Reilly, Stephen P. "Australian Sojourn." Bulletin of the Royal College of Psychiatrists 9, no. 8 (August 1985): 155–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/pb.9.8.155.

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Community psychiatry means different things to different people. Since the 1970s the American model of community psychiatry based on mental health clinics has attracted heavy criticism, whilst the UK concept of rooting community psychiatric services firmly within primary health care has gained increasing support. The need for community-orientated psychiatric services is generally agreed upon but definition of community and the mode of delivery are not. In Australia both free and private health care are available; community health centres and community mental health clinics exist (sometimes literally) side by side.

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McLaren, N. "Shrinking the Kimberley: Remote Area Psychiatry in Australia." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 29, no. 2 (June 1995): 199–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00048679509075911.

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The Kimberley, the northernmost region of Western Australia, is still largely an empty wilderness. About twice the size of Victoria, it has a permanent population of some 22,000. Since 1987, the Health Department of WA has provided a psychiatric service to the region, but the practice of psychiatry in such a vast and remote area has proven to be very different from that in larger centres. This paper summarises three years' clinical experience in the region.

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Jablensky, Assen. "Researching Psychiatry in Western Australia." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 38, no. 5 (May 2004): 306–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/j.1440-1614.2004.01265.x.

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Sachdev, Perminder S. "Geriatric Psychiatry Research in Australia." American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry 15, no. 6 (June 2007): 451–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/jgp.0b013e31805d7ec7.

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Goldberg, David. "Impressions of Psychiatry in Australia." Australasian Psychiatry 8, no. 4 (December 2000): 307–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1440-1665.2000.0279a.x.

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Jager, Alan D. "Forensic psychiatry services in Australia." International Journal of Law and Psychiatry 24, no. 4-5 (July 2001): 387–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0160-2527(01)00074-7.

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Forbes, Malcolm, Rahul Khanna, and Steven Moylan. "Psychiatry education programs in Australia." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 51, no. 8 (March 14, 2017): 846–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0004867417698233.

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Henderson, Scott. "Focus on psychiatry in Australia." British Journal of Psychiatry 176, no. 1 (January 2000): 97–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.176.1.97.

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Humankind has been present on the Australian continent for at least 40 000, some say 60 000 years, remarkably adapted to the environment and having a cultural tradition appreciated by few Caucasians. White people have been here for only 200 years; and psychiatry for about half of that. We know nothing about the mental health of pre-contact indigenous peoples; but we now know a little about the ways in which mental disorders are explained and treated by traditional methods. In two centuries, the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islands communities, which are very diverse, have been steadily reduced to become only 1.5% of the population. From settlement in 1788 until the 1950s, most non-aboriginal Australians were of Anglo-Saxon or Celtic origin. Since the Second World War, the pattern of immigration has greatly enriched Australian life, first through large numbers of people from the Mediterranean littoral, Western Europe and the Balkans, and more recently from south-east Asia. Ethnic diversity is now evident in most peoples' daily lives – whom you see in the street, whom you work alongside, who your friends are, what you eat and who you have as patients. So the present Australian population of 18 million has undergone a marked change in demography and lifestyle within only two generations. Like the people, psychiatry is also changing rapidly. Where are the changes taking place? What is it like to be a psychiatrist here at present? Where has there been success and where has there been failure? Where is there lots of action?

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Smith, Graeme Crawford, David Murray Clarke, and Helen Edith Herrman. "Consultation-liaison psychiatry in Australia." General Hospital Psychiatry 15, no. 2 (March 1993): 121–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0163-8343(93)90108-z.

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Martyr, Philippa, and Aleksandar Janca. "‘A matter for conjecture’: leucotomy in Western Australia, 1947–70." History of Psychiatry 29, no. 2 (February 26, 2018): 199–215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0957154x18757363.

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Very little has been published on the rise and fall of psychosurgery in Australia. In the mid-twentieth century, Western Australia was the largest but most sparsely-populated of the six Australian States, and its local psychiatry practice was, as one commentator put it, ‘backward’. Nonetheless, electroconvulsive therapy was introduced in 1945, and leucotomy in 1947. This paper will explore the introduction of leucotomy to Western Australia in the context of wider national and international trends in psychiatry, and posit some reasons for its decline and abandonment in the 1970s. It will present a narrative reconstruction of the local introduction and practice of leucotomy, using retrieved, reconstructed and previously unpublished data.

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Hawker, Fiona. "Telemedicine user Network: A Call for Interested Participants." Australasian Psychiatry 5, no. 6 (December 1997): 296. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/10398569709082290.

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Telemedicine, or the use of telecommunication technologies for the delivery of medical services, has been receiving increasing attention as a possible answer to the tyranny of distance and the scarcity of specialist resources in rural and remote Australia [1,2]. While internationally teleradiology and teledermatology are the most frequent users of the technology, in Australia it is psychiatry that has been quick to recognise the potential of telemedicine and to use it for the delivery of specialist psychiatric support. In Australia telepsychiatry is one of the most common forms of telemedicine with some of the most established and successful tele-psychiatry programmes in the world.

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Sawyer, Michael, and Femke Giesen. "Undergraduate Teaching of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry in Australia: Survey of Current Practice." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 41, no. 8 (August 2007): 675–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00048670701449153.

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Objective: To identify the goals, content, and time allocated for undergraduate child psychiatry teaching programmes in Australian medical schools. Method: A structured questionnaire designed specifically for the present study was used to identify the goals, content, and time allocated to child psychiatry teaching for undergraduate medical students. Staff responsible for child psychiatry teaching programmes at all 15 medical schools in Australia were contacted and those in 12 schools (80%) agreed to participate. Results: All 12 medical schools provided some teaching relevant to child psychiatry. Teaching was commonly provided as part of general psychiatry and/or paediatric teaching programmes. Between 4 and 12 h were allocated for child psychiatry teaching, with the exception of one school, which assigned 46 h. Ten schools (83%) offered clinical placements in child psychiatry to some or all students, with placements ranging in length from 0.5 days to 8 weeks. However, only four schools (33%) offered clinical placements to all students. Two schools (17%) offered no clinical placements or electives in child psychiatry. The skills required to assess children and families, and knowledge about normal child development were identified as key teaching goals. Barriers to teaching child psychiatry included the lack of academic child psychiatrists in Australia, and the limited time allocated for this teaching in medical school curricula. Conclusions: The amount of time allocated for teaching child psychiatry in Australian medical schools is relatively small and not consistent with the size of the public health problem posed by child and adolescent mental disorders. Staff responsible for teaching child psychiatry need to coordinate their activities more effectively at a national level to identify teaching goals, design curricula, and advocate for high-quality child psychiatry teaching programmes in medical schools.

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Lakra, V. "Telehealth in Australia." European Psychiatry 65, S1 (June 2022): S569. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2022.1457.

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Introduction There is a significant psychiatry workforce shortage in Australia, particularly in rural and remote communities. Given the large distances involved, telehealth – providing consultation via videoconference – has been widely accepted. Psychiatrists were among the highest users of telehealth services in Australia before the COVID-19 pandemic. However, the outbreak of COVID-19 resulted in a major transformation to service delivery across Australia. Private psychiatrists and state public mental health services had to rapidly transition to largely telehealth delivery to ensure continuity of care for consumers. In March 2020, additional telehealth item numbers were added to the Australian Medicare Benefits Schedule (MBS) to encourage physical distancing for those accessing medical services during the pandemic. Objectives To provide an overview of the increase in telehealth activity since the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods The MBS is the list of services for which the Australian Government will pay a rebate. Key data on MBS telehealth activity since March 2020 was examined. Results The use of telehealth has increased during the pandemic. A survey of Royal Australian and New College of Psychiatrists (RANZCP) psychiatrists found that 93% supported retention of telehealth MBS item number numbers following the COVID-19 pandemic, noting increased accessibility for consumers. Positive feedback has been received from consumers. Conclusions During 2020 and 2021, the RANZCP worked with the Australian Government to ensure there were appropriate MBS telehealth services available for consumers. The RANZCP continues to work with the Government as they plan for a longer-term transformation of telehealth services beyond 2021. Disclosure No significant relationships.

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Rosen, Alan. "Australia's national mental health strategy in historical perspective: beyond the frontier." International Psychiatry 3, no. 4 (October 2006): 19–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/s1749367600004987.

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The history of Australian psychiatry is entwined with the impact of European (British) invasion and settlement, initially in 1788, to form penal colonies to alleviate the overcrowding of English jails, which generated a masculine-dominated, individualistic culture. As European settlement in Australia expanded, the colonisers tried to come to terms with this remote, vast landscape and fought over land and resources with the original Aboriginal inhabitants, who had been there between 40000 and 60000 years. Australian psychiatry was profiled in a previous article inInternational Psychiatry(issue 10, October 2005).

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Einfeld, Stewart L. "Intellectual Handicap in Contemporary Psychiatry." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 31, no. 4 (August 1997): 452–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/00048679709065064.

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Objective: To apprise readers of the ‘state of play’ in the psychiatry of intellectual handicap. Method: A review was conducted of relevant journals and conference abstracts covering a range of scientific aspects of intellectual disability. Those developments considered to be most significant were summarised. In addition, consideration is given to issues relevant to the politics of disability affecting psychiatric practice in Australia. Results: There have been considerable developments in our understanding of the pathogenesis of intellectual handicap in pharmacotherapy and the behavioural therapies, in the taxonomy of psychopathology, in epidemiology, in delineation of behaviour phenotypes, and in assessment and measurement of psychopathology. Conclusion: Intellectual handicap and psychiatry have had a chequered relationship in Australia, but the two fields are now clearly moving again to a closer and more productive collaboration. Recent scientific advances have provided a stimulating environment for this increased activity and interest.

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Laugharne, Jonathan. "Reflections on psychiatry in Aboriginal Australia." Psychiatric Bulletin 23, no. 2 (February 1999): 111–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/pb.23.2.111.

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Eighteen months ago I came to Geraldton, Western Australia from the United Kingdom to help develop a psychiatric service for Aboriginal people in the mid-west region of the state. This has been a fascinating and challenging experience both professionally and personally and I would like to outline the context of this work and to reflect on some of the issues that seem particularly relevant.

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Looi, Jeffrey CL, and Dennis Velakoulis. "The vacant chair: headless psychiatry departments in the Group of Eight universities of Australia." Australasian Psychiatry 27, no. 6 (June 26, 2019): 622–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1039856219859276.

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Objective: This paper considers reasons that may be contributing to the unusual synchronicity of five vacancies for Chairs/Heads of Department of Psychiatry in the Group of Eight University Medical Schools in March 2019. Conclusion: University psychiatric departmental head vacancies arise from a number of factors: challenges and limitations in public sector psychiatry and universities; structural problems with such appointments; lack of a developmental pipeline for academic psychiatry; and other attractive alternative options, such as private practice.

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Bonner, Daniel, Paul Maguire, Björn Cartledge, Philip Keightley, Rebecca Reay, Raj Parige, Jeff Cubis, Michael Tedeschi, Peggy Craigie, and Jeffrey CL Looi. "A new graduate medical school curriculum in Psychiatry and Addiction Medicine: reflections on a decade of development." Australasian Psychiatry 26, no. 4 (February 26, 2018): 422–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1039856218758561.

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Objectives: The aim of this study is to reflect upon the rationale, design and development of the Psychiatry and Addiction Medicine curriculum at the Australian National University Medical School, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia. Conclusions: We conclude that the development of the fourth-year curriculum of a four-year graduate medical degree was a complex evolutionary process.

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Way, Raymond Tint. "Burmese Culture, Personality and Mental Health." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 19, no. 3 (September 1985): 275–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/00048678509158832.

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As Australia, shaped by new policies of immigration and multiculturalism, grows more cosmopolitan, the challenge for psychiatry is to gain greater familiarity with the new ethnic minority groups, including their cultural personalities and backgrounds. The problem faced by the Burmese group in Australia is distinctive and poignant. Some 20,000 Burmese immigrated following World War II, chiefly to Western Australia in the first place, uniting and consolidating their families. Following the military coup and the Revolutionary Council Government of the early 60s, further emigration from Burma was cut off. This meant that the Burmese in Australia, already under stress arising from cultural differences, were prevented from developing the extensive internal social support systems that characterise other major ethnic groups. The author, a Burmese doctor working in a psychiatric setting in Sydney, draws attention to aspects of his country and its people which should be helpful for psychiatric and related professions.

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Martin, Louise, Bonita Lloyd, Paul Cammell, and Frank Yeomans. "Transference-Focused Psychotherapy in Australian psychiatric training and practice." Australasian Psychiatry 25, no. 3 (September 27, 2016): 233–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1039856216671661.

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Objective: This article discusses Transference-Focused Psychotherapy, a contemporary evidence-based and manualised form of psychoanalytic psychotherapy for borderline personality disorder. Transference focused psychotherapy has evolved from decades of research in the object-relations approach developed by Professor Otto Kernberg and his collaborators. It is being adopted increasingly throughout North and South America and Europe, and this article explores the role its adoption might play in psychiatric training as well as public and private service provision contexts in Australia. Conclusions: Transference focused psychotherapy is readily applicable in a range of training, research and public and private service provision contexts in Australia. A numbers of aspects of current Australian psychiatric training and practice, such as the Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists advanced training certificate, and the Australian medicare schedule, make it especially relevant for this purpose.

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Dedman, Paul. "Community Treatment Orders in Victoria, Australia." Psychiatric Bulletin 14, no. 8 (August 1990): 462–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/pb.14.8.462.

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It is one of the failures of contemporary psychiatry that many patients who respond well to neuroleptic medication given to them when they are in-patients relapse after discharge due to not taking any further medication. Those working closely with the acute psychiatric patient in the community are often forced to stand by powerlessly as a patient deteriorates, causing damage to himself and his social milieu until such a point is reached when he is again ill enough to warrant compulsory admission and treatment. This process is, of course, devastating for a patient's family and also disheartening for professionals involved, and is perhaps partly responsible for the high turnover of staff involved in front line services. Even if assertive outreach methods are employed such as those involved in a number of comprehensive community-based programmes (Stein & Test, 1980; Borland et al, 1989) so that contact with the patient is not lost, it is not possible without the necessary legislation to enforce treatment in the community.

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Wilkie, Alcuin. "Australia: getting there." Psychiatric Bulletin 20, no. 9 (September 1996): 558–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/pb.20.9.558.

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There have been two recent accounts in the Psychiatric Bulletin (Harrison, 1989; Kisely, 1993) which have given some practical advice about getting work in Australia. They did, however, rather gloss over the details. With clear memories of the difficulties of arranging a one year training post in Sydney, New South Wales (NSW) and having been approached by numerous mainly junior colleagues asking about details of arranging a similar trip, I am writing what I hope will be a useful and accurate “Getting your Australian visa and medical registration made easy” guide.

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Kamieniecki, Gregory W. "Prevalence of Psychological Distress and Psychiatric Disorders Among Homeless Youth in Australia: A Comparative Review." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 35, no. 3 (June 2001): 352–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1440-1614.2001.00910.x.

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Objective: To review the prevalence literature on psychological distress and psychiatric disorders among homeless youth in Australia, and to compare these rates with Australian youth as a whole. Method: Computerized databases were utilized to access all published Australian studies on psychological distress (as measured by standardized symptom scales and suicidal behaviour) and psychiatric disorders among homeless youth; in addition, unpublished Australian studies were utilized whenever accessible. A total of 14 separate studies were located, only three of which have included non-homeless control groups. In the current review, prevalence data from uncontrolled youth homelessness studies are compared with data from Australian community and student surveys. Results: Homeless youth have usually scored significantly higher on standardized measures of psychological distress than all domiciled control groups. Youth homelessness studies have also reported very high rates of suicidal behaviour, but methodological limitations in these studies make comparisons with community surveys difficult. Furthermore, rates of various psychiatric disorders are usually at least twice as high among homeless youth than among youth from community surveys. Conclusions: Homeless youth in Australia have extremely high rates of psychological distress and psychiatric disorders. As homeless youth are at risk of developing psychiatric disorders and possibly self-injurious behaviour the longer they are homeless, early intervention in relevant health facilities is required.

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Gough, J. K., Z. McCallum, C. Bevan, and A. Vance. "Undergraduate Child Psychiatry Teaching in Melbourne, Australia." Academic Psychiatry 34, no. 3 (April 29, 2010): 190–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/appi.ap.34.3.190.

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Kirkby, Kenneth C. "History of psychiatry in Australia, pre-1960." History of Psychiatry 10, no. 38 (June 1999): 191–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0957154x9901003802.

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Mowry, Bryan J. "Psychiatric genetics in Australia." Psychiatric Genetics 13, no. 3 (September 2003): 131–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00041444-200309000-00001.

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Draper, Brian, Stephanie Winfield, and Georgina Luscombe. "The Senior Psychiatrist Survey I: Age and Psychiatric Practice." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 33, no. 5 (October 1999): 701–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/j.1440-1614.1999.00622.x.

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Objective: The aim of this study is to determine the effects of age on the practice, roles, status and attitudes of psychiatrists within the Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists (RANZCP). Method: A postal survey of Fellows of the RANZCP resident in Australia or New Zealand was conducted. The main outcome measures were: age; location and type of psychiatric practice; hours of work; attitudes towards re-accreditation; changes in work practices over the career; and the perceived benefits and drawbacks of age to psychiatric practice and case selection. Results: Of 1086 eligible subjects, 629 participated. The mean age of the sample was 52.7 years (SD = 13.5). Those psychiatrists favouring re-accreditation were younger. Psychiatrists practising psychotherapy, forensic psychiatry or general psychiatry; working in psychiatric hospitals and private practice were more likely to be older. Older psychiatrists worked shorter hours. There was largely no association between case selection and age. Psychiatrists reporting increased credibility and respect as a benefit of their current age upon their psychiatric practice were older, as were those identifying fatigue and an inability to keep up to date as a drawback of age. Psychiatrists reporting a lack of credibility and respect were younger, as were those who reported increased enthusiasm and optimism. Conclusions: Age is associated with benefits and drawbacks to the practice of psychiatry and this may be reflected in the different practice profiles of older and younger psychiatrists.

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Snowdon, John, David Ames, Edmond Chiu, and John Wattis. "A Survey of Psychiatric Services for Elderly People in Australia." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 29, no. 2 (June 1995): 207–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00048679509075912.

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In 1992 a postal questionnaire identified 107 psychiatrists in Australia who, for a significant proportion of their time, were providing psychiatric services to elderly people. Only 18% were female. There were 34 psychiatrists working full-time in psychiatry of old age in the public health system. Twenty-three multidisciplinary catchment area psychiatric services for elderly people were identified, but staff to population ratios varied considerably. The ratio of psychiatrists to elderly was 1:30,000 — similar to the ratio in a large part of Britain seven years previously. Psychogeriatricians are involved in a broad range of teaching and research activities. The mean number of non-medical staff in a catchment area psychogeriatric service should be increased.

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Gillman, P. K. "Psychiatric services in Australia." Psychiatric Bulletin 14, no. 6 (June 1990): 370. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/pb.14.6.370.

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Davidson, Fiona, Bobbie Clugston, Michelle Perrin, Megan Williams, Edward Heffernan, and Stuart A. Kinner. "Mapping the prison mental health service workforce in Australia." Australasian Psychiatry 28, no. 4 (December 23, 2019): 442–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1039856219891525.

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Objective: The rapidly growing number of people in prison in Australia, combined with the high prevalence of mental disorder in this population, results in high demand for mental health services in prison settings. Despite their critical role as part of a national mental health response, prison mental health services (PMHS) in Australia have been poorly characterised. In this paper, we describe findings of the first national survey of PMHS in Australia. Methods: We distributed a survey to key representatives of PMHS in all Australian states and territories in 2016. Results: Our method constitutes a replicable process for quantifying and comparing PMHS in Australia. We describe the structure, governance and staffing models in seven jurisdictions. When compared against international recommendations, only one Australian jurisdiction (the ACT) is funded to provide services at a level equivalent to mental health services provided in the community. Conclusion: Prison mental health services in Australia are delivered by a complex mix of government, private sector and non-government services. Services appear to be severely under-resourced when compared with the available benchmarks.

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Yeatman, Richard. "A Survey of Alcohol and Drug Services to General Hospitals in Australia." Australasian Psychiatry 13, no. 2 (June 2005): 124–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/j.1440-1665.2005.02174.x.

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Objective: To determine the structure and function of alcohol and drug services to general hospitals in Australia, and to examine the role psychiatry plays in those services. Method: A survey of 15 large metropolitan hospitals was conducted. Results: Services differed considerably between hospitals, and psychiatric involvement was not prominent in most. Conclusions: One of the challenges is to structure the administration of services so that they have a profile within the general hospital as well as close connectionwith community services. Psychiatrists must become more proactive in the area to reinforce what they have to offer these patients and to provide mentorship and training to psychiatric trainees in the field.

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Lien, On. "Attitudes of the Vietnamese Community towards Mental Illness." Australasian Psychiatry 1, no. 3 (August 1993): 110–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/10398569309081340.

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There are approximately 155,000 Vietnamese born people in Australia, with 46,000 in Victoria. The majority came to Australia as refugees. Many were subjected to the reality or threat of war, persecution, imprisonment, discrimination, economic deprivation, violence, the loss of family or other major stressors. These stressors have included the hazards of the escape, lengthy stays in refugee camps and, on arrival in Australia, lack of familiarity with English and with the culture. The Vietnamese Community in Australia was expected to have a high prevalence of mental illness, especially when newly arrived from refugee camps. In a study published in 1986 as “The Price of Freedom” [1] 32% of the young Vietnamese adult group was found to suffer from psychiatric disorder. At follow-up two years later, the prevalence of psychiatric disorder, without any major intervention, had dropped to 5–6%, a prevalence lower than that in the Australian-born community. In addition, the Vietnamese community's use of mental health services (inpatient and community-based) is lower than that of any other ethnic group.

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