Academic literature on the topic 'Psychiatry Australia'
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Journal articles on the topic "Psychiatry Australia"
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Kaplan, Robert M. "Psychiatry in Australia." South African Journal of Psychiatry 10, no. 2 (October 1, 2004): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajpsychiatry.v10i2.143.
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Psychiatry has been practised in Australia in one form or another since the peopling of the continent, originally with the practices of the Aboriginal shamans, and later with the psychiatric treatment necessitated by convict transportation.Over most of the last half-century psychiatry has been administered by the Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists.There are over 2 000 psychiatrists in Australia, and num- bers are expected to increase in future.As in many other countries, there is ongoing pressure between the private and public sectors, with endemic under- funding of public and community services.Despite its small number of practitioners and relative isola- tion from major centres, Australian psychiatry has a distin- guished record in the field of research. The most famous dis- covery, by John Cade, was the use of lithium for treatment of mania.Recently governments at state and federal level have acknowledged the effect of psychiatric illness on patients and their families. This has led to the development of pro- grammes to improve public information and eliminate preju- dice.It is anticipated that the practice of psychiatry will flourish in Australia and that the country will remain a leading centre of excellence in psychiatric research and training.
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Couper, Jeremy. "Chronic Fatigue Syndrome and Australian Psychiatry: Lessons from the UK Experience." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 34, no. 5 (October 2000): 762–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/j.1440-1614.2000.00810.x.
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Objective: The aim of this paper is to outline the opportunities and dangers the chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) issue presents to Australian psychiatry. Method: The scientific literature of the last 50 years on CFS in adults was reviewed and samples of recent media portrayals of CFS in the UK and Australia were collected. The author has worked in both the UK and Australia managing adult CFS patients in specialist outpatient consultation–liaison (C–L) psychiatry settings. Results: Chronic fatigue syndrome has been at the heart of an acrimonious debate in the UK, both within the medical profession and in the wider community. UK psychiatry has been drawn into the debate, at times being the target of strong and potentially damaging criticism, yet UK psychiatry, especially the C–L subspecialty, has played a crucial role in clarifying appropriate research questions and in devising management strategies. The issue has served to enhance and broaden psychiatry's perceived research and clinical role at the important medicine–psychiatry interface in that country. Conclusions: Handled properly, the CFS issue offers Australian psychiatry, especially C–L psychiatry, an opportunity to make a useful contribution to patient care in a clinically difficult and contentious area, while at the same time serving to help broaden psychiatry's scope in the Australian medical landscape.
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Boyce, Philip, and Nicola Crossland. "The Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists." International Psychiatry 2, no. 10 (October 2005): 19–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/s1749367600007529.
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The vision of the Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists (RANZCP) is of ‘a fellowship of psychiatrists working with and for the general community to achieve the best attainable quality of psychiatric care and mental health’. It is the principal organisation representing the specialty of psychiatry in Australia and New Zealand; it currently has around 2600 Fellows, who account for approximately 85% of psychiatrists in Australia and 50% of psychiatrists in New Zealand. The RANZCP sets the curriculum, accredits training and training programmes, and assesses trainee psychiatrists. In addition, it administers a continuing professional development programme for practising psychiatrists, has a role in policy development, publishes two scientific journals – the Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry and Australasian Psychiatry – and holds an annual scientific congress.
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Szmukler, George. "Foreign Report: Psychiatry in Australia." Bulletin of the Royal College of Psychiatrists 11, no. 8 (August 1987): 258–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/s0140078900017508.
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After some 13 years of pale-faced exile in England I returned with some excitement to Australia, eager to share in its psychiatric development and perhaps to benefit a little from the fruits of what appears as the international rapacity of Murdoch, Holmes a Court, Elders IXL et al. The second more furtive wish suffered early set-backs as I discovered that the Australian economy was dipping alarmingly and that the Australian dollar, once to my mind as solid as Ayer's Rock, was sinking rather than floating against other currencies. This has meant cut-backs in government expenditure, health included, threatening my first wish as well.
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Ryan, Christopher. "Australasian Psychiatry and Euthanasia." Australasian Psychiatry 4, no. 6 (December 1996): 307–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/10398569609082072.
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In May 1995, the Northern Territory of Australia became the first legislative jurisdiction in the world to introduce legislation specifically sanctioning active voluntary euthanasia. Shortly after the introduction of the legislation many of Australia's political leaders announced that they would support similar legislation in their jurisdictions and there nave already been attempts to pass such legislation elsewhere in Australia and in New Zealand.
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Snowdon, John. "Psychiatry in Australia." Psychiatric Bulletin 16, no. 01 (January 1992): 47–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/s0955603600106749.
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Szmukler, G. "Psychiatry in Australia." Psychiatric Bulletin 11, no. 8 (August 1, 1987): 258–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/pb.11.8.258.
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Lyons, Zaza, Brian Power, Natalia Bilyk, and Johann Claassen. "The University of Western Australia Institute of Psychiatry for Medical Students: An Australian First." Australasian Psychiatry 17, no. 4 (January 1, 2009): 306–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10398560902964602.
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Objective: Recruitment of medical graduates into psychiatry has become a growing issue over the last few decades. This paper describes the implementation of an innovative program, based on a Canadian concept, that aimed to promote psychiatry as a career choice to medical students, to immerse them in the ‘world of psychiatry’, and introduce them to potential mentors. The University of Western Australia Institute of Psychiatry for Medical Students was a week-long program that provided medical students with an opportunity to participate in a diverse agenda of interactive seminars on a range of psychiatric subspecialties and the neurosciences. Students were also able to attend elective sessions and meet registrars and psychiatrists on an informal basis. Lunches and social events were also provided. Conclusion: Twenty-one students attended the inaugural Institute. Twenty-seven speakers contributed to the morning seminars and there were 17 clinical elective site visits. Feedback from students was positive and the week was rated highly, both in terms of its organization and from an academic perspective. It is planned to run the Institute annually and, in time, it is hoped that it will increase the numbers of students who choose psychiatry as a career option.
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Wodak, Alex. "Whose Territory is it Anyway? Should Psychiatry own Alcohol and Drugs in Australia?" Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 28, no. 3 (September 1994): 375–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/00048679409075862.
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Surely alcohol and drug matters in Australia should be regarded as the province of psychiatry? Decades before any other branch of medicine displayed any interest in the subject and long before alcohol and drugs were considered even remotely respectable, numerous Australian psychiatrists provided inspiration and leadership in this Cinderella field. Drs Bartholomew, Bell, Buchanan, Chegwidden, Dalton, Drew, Ellard, Lennane, Milner, Milton, Waddy and Pols are some of the best known among the many Australian psychiatrists who pioneered efforts to improve treatment for patients with alcohol and drug problems. The NHMRC Committee on Alcohol and Drug Dependence, which has a considerable potential for influencing the field in Australia, has always been dominated by psychiatrists. In the United Kingdom and the United States, countries which often serve as models for much of Australian medical and other practice, alcohol and drug matters are determined almost exclusively by psychiatrists. Is there any evidence that they have been held back by a psychiatric hegemony on alcohol and drug's? For many decades (and until quite recently), alcohol and drug matters were handled for the World Health Organisation by its Mental Health Division. Did we suffer globally because WHO placed alcohol and drugs under the control of psychiatry?
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Raphael, Beverley. "Prevention in Psychiatry: Australian Contributions." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 34, no. 1_suppl (February 2000): A6—A13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000486740003401s02.
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Objective To provide a historic context for developing a framework for preventive mental health research in Australia. Method A literature review was undertaken and references were selected for their relevance to describing the contributions of Australian researchers and clinicians to an epidemiological approach to mental health disorders, particularly schizophrenia. Results Australian researchers and clinicians have made major innovative contributions to preventive mental health research. Conclusions Australian mental health services, in collaboration with academic departments, are in a highly favourable position to expand preventive research activities into schizophrenia.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Psychiatry Australia"
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Hogg, Miranda P. "Fitness to stand trial in Australia: The investigation and comparison of clinical opinion and legal criteria." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 1998. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/1452.
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The extent to which Australian psychologists and psychiatrists are cognisant of the legal standard for Fitness to Stand Trial (FST) was investigated. 198 psychologists from The Australian Psychological Society (APS), and 125 psychiatrists from The Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists (RANZCP) responded to a survey. Psychiatrists identified a greater number of legal criteria than psychologists. This finding extended across clinicians who had experience in the evaluation of fitness to stand trial and those who did not. No difference was found between psychologists and psychiatrists for mentioning irrelevant or insufficient considerations. However, a within-group analysis revealed that the most likely condition under which psychologists and psychiatrists were found to incorporate "mental state at the time of the offence" was when they had done between 1 and 4 evaluations. Membership of both the Forensic and Clinical Colleges of the APS and the Forensic Section of RANZCP was also associated with the ability to identify more of the relevant legal criteria. The methods that psychologists and psychiatrists use to establish FST differed and were found to reflect basic training. Psychiatrists rely on the use of the clinical interview and consultation with lawyers, regardless of whether the basis of the request for assistance is intellectual disability or mental disorder. Psychologists place much greater emphasis on the use of psychometric tests, particularly when intellectual disability is implicated. The results indicate that generally both psychologists and psychiatrists have an insufficient understanding of the legal criteria for fitness to stand trial. This investigation also points to the urgent need for the APS and RANZCP to ensure membership of their forensic college or section is conditional on the completion of a formal forensic training program. Directions for future research and practical implications are discussed.
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Menaglio, Darryl Frank. "Aims, separation and attitudinal factors in mediation: An exploratory investigation." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2003. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/1327.
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The general aim of this research was to explore issues regarding mediation in family law about which there appears to be uncertainty. Study I investigated: (a) what stakeholders (practitioners and separated spouses) believe the aims of mediation should be; (b) what they believe are the effects of the separation factors, that is, perceived mutuality (whether the decision to separate was made by one or both spouses), perceived status (whether spouses view themselves as Ieavers, lefts or neither), and the attribution and strength of blaming someone for the decision to separate on attitudes towards engaging in mediation; and (c) stakeholders' views of the importance of the attitudinal factors (i.e. hope, expectation and commitment) for reaching agreement. The attitudinal factors were derived from Janis and Mann's (1977) theory of decision making. Study 2 investigated the operation of the separation and attitudinal factors in separated spouses attending mediation and the influence of specific biographical variables on these factors. The biographical variables were duration of separation, duration of marriage, gender and referral type. In Study I, 67 stakeholders (42 practitioners and 25 separated spouses) were of the opinion that spouses learning techniques to be able to resolve future disagreements should be the most important aim of the four aims of mediation suggested to them. Currently, the Family Law Act 1975 does not recognise this aim, though the finding is consistent with contemporary views of what the aim of mediation should be. Stakeholders also agreed that the separation factors substantially affect attitudes towards engagement in mediation and that the attitudinal factors are very important for reaching agreement. These findings are consistent with theories that suggest the separation factors influence engagement in mediation (Brown, 1985; Emery, 1994) and that the attitudinal factors are important for reaching agreement (Weitzman & Weitzman, 2000). In Study 2, 315 separated spouses (160 females, 155 males) attending court ordered (n = 150) and voluntary (n = 135) mediation responded to a questionnaire that sampled their biographical variables and the separation and attitudinal factors. Small significant χ2 measures (p < .001) revealed that the separation factors were associated. Specifically, when separated spouses perceived the decision to separate was non- mutual, they also were likely to perceive themselves as left or leavers. Those in the non-mutual, left group were more likely to blame and the majority of these were males. Analysis of a moderate significant Kendall rank correlation coefficient (p < .001) for the association between hope and commitment and weak/negligible associations between these factors and expectation revealed that separated spouses reported high levels of hope and commitment hut did not necessarily expect to reach agreement. Separated spouses who were court ordered were more likely to blame intensely (r = .24, p < .01), were less committed (w = .14, p < .001) and less expecting (w = .43, p < .001) to reach agreement than those who attended voluntarily. Expectation of reaching agreement was highest within 6 months of the decision to separate, while strength of blame for the decision to separate was most intense in those who were court ordered and those attending mediation within 6 months of the decision to separate. Implications of the findings for policy makers, assessment of separated spouses' readiness to engage in mediation and theory to guide mediation practice are discussed.
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Fenton, Sarah-Jane Hannah. "Mental health service delivery for adolescents and young people : a comparative study between Australia and the UK." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2016. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/7111/.
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This thesis explores policy and service delivery for adolescent and young adult or ‘transition age’ mental health service users aged 16-25 across different jurisdictions in the UK and Australia. The study explores the implications that policy formulation and implementation have for service delivery in these different contextual settings; and examines how young people (who are at a vulnerable stage developmentally in terms of mental health), have their access to services affected by the existing policy framework. A policy analysis was conducted along with qualitative interviews in six case sites (three in the UK and three in Australia). The thesis adopted a critical realist approach using a laminated cross-sectional interview strategy that was developed to include interviews with national policy makers; local policy makers and service managers; staff working within services; and the young people whom were accessing services as the recipients of policy. Findings from this thesis explore how young people use risk escalation as a way of managing delays to treatment and how practitioners identify particular difficulties for young people transitioning in services when they are due to ‘step up’ into more acute services, or ‘step down’ to a less intensive service. The thesis explores the implications and unintended consequences for young people of policy including processes of ‘cost-shunting’ and ‘resource envy’ at local and national levels. Finally, the thesis offers some learning for systems working to support 16-25 year olds through demonstrating the importance of the dual role of ‘curing’ and ‘caring’ in mental health services.
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Sadkowski, Marie. "Place-identity and homelessness : The restorative nature of the home." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 1993. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/1456.
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This research aims to address deficiencies in the Place-Identity literature and establish whether the home is a central and mediating environment within this theory. An exploration of the association between homelessness and Place-Identity provides a vehicle for clarifying the psychological role of the home and in doing so an increased awareness of this social problem is promoted. Korpela's (1989) and Kaplan's (1983) theories on place, accentuating active self-regulatory mechanisms and restorative environments, act as a catalyst and provide a solid foundation for this current research. The extensive literature on the home highlights the different conceptions that abound and the lack of consensus regarding the impact of this environment. The environmental psychology paradigm promotes an understanding of the mutuality between people and their environments and in line with this belief it is Sixsmith's (1986) model of the home emphasizing the complementarity of the physical, social and emotional components that is the most influential, raising questions as to whether privacy and socialization are central adaptive functions and whether the physical environment can create a means for them to be fostered. The accent of the research is placed on a comparative analysis between homeless and non-homeless youth aged between 12-20 living in Perth's inner and outer suburbs. A random sampling procedure was used to obtain the sample (40 homeless and 40 non-homeless). An exploratory study provided some verification for the connection between Place-identity and homelessness and directed the methodology. A structured interview format was used with the instrument for the main inquiry being devised through a collaborative process with input from the researcher, administrative personnel and homeless youth. Fndings consolidate the importance of Place-Identity theory and the role places potentially have in promoting a sense of self and in maintaining self-equilibrium. An appreciation of the perceptions held of the original and current home environments by the two groups (homeless/non-homeless) suggests that it is the home that has the potential to contribute substantially to self identity. Links are made with Korpela (1989) and Kaplan (1983) demonstrating how the current home environment can reduce the impact of prior negative experiences in the original home. This finding stimulates the development and extrapolation of tentative models of Place-Identity clarifying the role of the home in creating a sense of self and maintaining self-equilibrium whilst emphasizing the importance of Promoting active self-regulation particularly pertaining to privacy and socialization. The most salient feature being the way in which these two latter qualities are stimulated by the design of homes and how they impact on self-identity. From these models an appreciation of the role of the original home as a possible causative factor for homelessness is acknowledged and importantly suggestions as to how the current home can potentially 'break' the homeless cycle proposed. The ramifications of this research extend primarily into the areas of counselling and design with the information obtained being useful for youth workers, school counsellors, parents and all concerned with youth. There are also implications for designers and architects suggesting that more conducive environments emerge from a collaborative process which encourages a shared conception of place needs. Future research is needed to broaden an understanding of the homeless group by incorporating greater numbers to include a more extensive coverage of the three types of accomodation (short, medium and long term) and those 'on the streets'. Developmental influences on Place-Identity are intimated and also warrant further investigation. This research stimulates questions about the influence of places throughout the various stages of life. It creates a foundation for determining how the physical environment can be restorative for other alienated groups in society such as those in prisons, hospitals and refuges. It also lends itself to an exploration of cultural influences such as Aboriginality and Place-Identity where such information might assist integration in a similar way as a knowledge of Place-Identity might for the homeless. It is hoped that this research might prove instrumental in impacting on policy related to accommodation services for the homeless, promote an increased understanding of this issue and lead to a continuing interest in the promotion of self-identity through the physical environment.
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Lien, Debbie A. "The prediction of antenatal and postnatal depression in a sample of Western Australian women." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2007. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/1558.
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In Australia, the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS; Cox, Holden & Sagovsky, 1987) has been increasingly used to screen for antenatal depression prior to its evaluation on a sample of Australian pregnant women. Also, the identification of predictors associated with antenatal depression has been neglected relative to the research focus on postpartum depression. An aim of the study was to evaluate the antenatal screening properties of the EPDS against diagnoses of major depression with the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI; Sheehan eta!., 1998). The aims were also to develop predictive models of risk factors associated with antenatal depression as measured by: (a) diagnosis of major depression (MINI); (b) depressive symptoms (EPDS 2: 9); (c) depression false positive results (EPDS 2:9, but no MINI diagnosis of major depression); and (d) depression level (EPDS total score) in the antenatal and early postnatal period. The study was prospective in design, with 200 women enrolled from Western Australia's largest public maternity hospital. An EPDS 2: 12 was identified to be optimum for the clinical screening of major depression at 32 weeks of pregnancy. The results from the different regression analyses showed that the strongest predictors of antenatal depression were: depression earlier in pregnancy, anxiety, stress, daily hassles, expectations of support, personality traits, and history variables. The findings were in support of routine screening for depression and anxiety during pregnancy, the effects of stress on mood, and the lesser importance of antenatal compared to postnatal variables in accounting for postpartum depression level.
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Smith, Michelle. "The role of Lorikeet Clubhouse in psychiatric rehabilitation." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2001. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/1063.
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Previous studies have suggested that participation in psychosocial support groups such as the Foundation House (Clubhouse) model have psychological benefits for patients with major mental disorders. In this research, 47 members of the Lorikeet Clubhouse in Shenton Park, WA completed the Brief Symptom Inventory, the Level of Expressed Emotion Scale and the Coping Scale for Adults to investigate whether differences existed between active and inactive Clubhouse members. Analyses of variance found no group differences on these measures, although trends in the data suggest that Clubhouse participation have a protective effect for members who report high levels of expressed emotion (EE) in their home. These conclusions are tentative due to the small sample size. Members perceived the Clubhouse to have lower levels of EE than their home environments, however these measures were correlated.
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Allcock, Martin A. "A principled and pragmatic approach to cases of negligently inflicted psychiatric injury based on corrective justice and Kantian right." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2018. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/118147/1/Martin_Allcock_Thesis.pdf.
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The history of legal liability for psychiatric injury caused by negligence has been marked by judges taking different approaches, some applying general principles while others have taken a more pragmatic and arbitrary approach due to concerns including the risk of unlimited liability. This thesis applies Ernest Weinrib's and Allan Beever's corrective justice theories of negligence to such claims and suggests an approach to the duty of care which demonstrates that a choice does not need to be made between a principled but unlimited and unworkable approach on the one hand, and a clear and predictable but arbitrary and unprincipled approach, on the other. Rather, it is argued in this thesis that the approach suggested by applying Weinrib's and Beever's theories to this area of law is both principled and workable.
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Maude, Phillip M. "The development of community mental health nursing services in Western Australia : A history (1950-1995) and population profile." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 1996. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/935.
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This descriptive• study discusses the development of community mental health (CMH) in Western Australia (WA) and describes the current practising population of CMH nurses. The study explores literature pertaining to the emergence of the CMH movement and the deinstitutionalisation of the mentally ill. A conceptual framework was developed by adapting Lewin's change theory. CMH nurses practising in WA (n= 130), were invited to participate in the study and were asked to complete a survey questionnaire. This resulted in a 66% response rate (n = 86). Quantitative data was analysed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). Open ended questions were analysed using Colaizzis steps. The study found that mental illness has been treated according to contemporary beliefs. In the 1950s multiple forces within society led to the movement away from institutionalisation of the mentally Ill toward deinstitutionalisation. The first community clinic was established in 1956 to manage the deficit between the ever expanding population needing mental health care and the paucity of available hospital beds. The need for follow up of clients in the community resulted in the development of CMH nursing. The study also provides a profile of the current practicing population of CMH Nurses in WA, demographic details, qualifications, the work environment, educational needs, work role and job satisfaction have been described. Recommendations have been developed from the findings and are directed towards, the dissemination of information, the need for role identification/development, staff development needs, future education needs, industrial issues, clinical practice issues and areas for further nursing research
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Rankin, Timothy. "Factors associated with anxiety, depression, burnout, and PTSD in Australian paramedics." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2019. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/2249.
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Background
Paramedics are at higher risk of anxiety, depression, burnout, and PTSD compared to the general population. Factors that have been associated with mental disorders include occupational stress, fatigue, sleep quality, chronic pain, physical activity, perceived social support, and overall quality of life. To date only a few of these factors have been investigated simultaneously in Australian paramedics.
Aim
This study aimed to investigate occupational stress, fatigue, sleep quality, chronic pain, physical activity, perceived social support, and overall quality of life, and their associations with anxiety, depression, burnout and PTSD in Australian paramedics.
Methods
Sixty-three paramedics, working for ambulance services in Australia, participated in this cross-sectional, self-reported study. Participants completed a questionnaire booklet composed of a demographics questionnaire, the Beck Anxiety Inventory, the Beck Depression Inventory-II, the Maslach Burnout Inventory - Human Services Survey, The Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist - Civilian Version, the Emergency Medical Services Chronic Stress Questionnaire, the Chalder Fatigue Scale, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, the Orebro Musculoskeletal Pain Questionnaire, the Compendium of Physical Activities, the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, and the Quality of Life Index.
Results
The prevalence of anxiety, depression, burnout and PTSD was higher in this study than what is reported in the general population of Australia. Moreover, the majority of these paramedics had one or more co-occurring mental disorders. Paramedics who reported higher levels of anxiety, depression and PTSD also reported increased occupational stress, greater levels of fatigue, poorer sleep quality, lower perceptions of social support, and significantly lower quality of life. Paramedics with burnout had significantly higher occupational stress and fatigue, and a lower quality of life when compared with paramedics without burnout. In addition, chronic pain was associated with increased levels of anxiety and depression.
Conclusions
Future research should be targeting interventions aimed at improving organisational and operational stress, fatigue, sleep quality, chronic pain and social support to improve anxiety, depression, burnout, and PTSD in Australian paramedics.
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Butler, D. A. "An evaluation of judicial approaches to determining tortious liability in negligence for psychiatric injury independent of physical injury in Australia and England." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 1996. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/35787/1/35787_Digitised%20Thesis.pdf.
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This thesis comprises an evaluation of existing and suggested approaches, and promulgation and defence of a preferred approach, to liability for psychiatric injury (or
'nervous shock') resulting from the unintentional conduct of another and occurring independently of any physical injury to the sufferer. Such a claim was first recognised a
little over one hundred years ago but since that time the precise limits of liability for psychiatric injury has been an issue that has vexed courts in many jurisdictions. Even
today there is no common approach to liability for psychiatric injury in Australia and England. This position is contributed to by the recent divergence in approaches to the determination of the existence of a duty of care in negligence in those countries. The thesis establishes a yardstick which is argued as being reflective of good judicial reasoning, at least as is appropriate to the subject of the enquiry, psychiatric injury. It
then lays a foundation for the evaluation by an historical and analytical analysis of liability for psychiatric injury. The historical trace is set in the context of the development of the elements of the cause of action for negligence, including the recent divergence in approaches to duty, while the comparative analysis embraces decisions in Australia, England, Ireland, Scotland, New Zealand, Canada and the United States. In relation to
the last mentioned, due to the lack of a federal attribute each state jurisdiction determines its own approach to the equivalent of liability for psychiatric injury, and there is no uniformly accepted response. Against this analysis, the thesis juxtaposes a medical perspective of 'nervous shock'. This perspective facilitates an evaluation of the medical legitimacy of past and current approaches and concepts and informs the promulgation of a preferred approach, including a more refined definition of the damage deemed worthy of compensation. The thesis also analyses the policy factors, or considerations of community welfare
external to the interests of the parties to a particular dispute, that have shaped the limits of liability for psychiatric injury, including an assessment of the continued legitimacy of policy factors as measured against the yardstick for good judicial reasoning. It then
proceeds to assess against the yardstick the continued legitimacy of individual concepts which have been promoted as being the appropriate limitations of liability.
The thesis proceeds to critique the current approaches to duty of care in Australia and England, utilising psychiatric injury as a catalyst and evaluating the approaches against the yardstick. A literature review which critiques alternative approaches that have been
suggested then follows. The climax of the thesis is the promulgation of a preferred approach, which draws on the
analysis and evaluation throughout the thesis. This preferred approach advocates a more specific definition of the damage deemed worthy of compensation, an accommodation of an overt identification and assessment of relevant policy considerations, an incremental approach to the establishment of duty of care and greater emphasis upon the other elements of the negligence cause of action. This preferred approach is demonstrated as conforming to the yardstick and is accordingly defended as reflective of good judicial reasoning.
Books on the topic "Psychiatry Australia"
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Coleborne, Catharine. Reading 'madness': Gender and difference in the colonial asylum in Victoria, Australia, 1848-1880s. Perth, W. A: Network Books, 2007.
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Damousi, Joy. Freud in the Antipodes: A cultural history of psychoanalysis in Australia. Sydney, NSW: UNSW Press, 2005.
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Madness in the family: Insanity and institutions in the Australasian colonial world, 1860-1914. Basingstoke, Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan, 2010.
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C, King Ronald, Collins John K, International Union of Psychological Science., and Australian Psychological Society, eds. Social applications and issues in psychology: Proceedings of the XXXIV International Congress of Psychology of the International Union of Psychological Science (I.U.Psy.S.) Sydney, Australia, August 28-September 2, 1988 : selected/revised papers, volume 8. Amsterdam: Published for the International Union of Psychological Science (I.U.Psy.S.) (by) North-Holland, 1989.
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Cawte, John. The last of the lunatics. Carlton, Vic: Melbourne University Press, 1998.
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Eadie, Mervyn J. The flowering of a waratah: A history of Australian neurology and of the Australian Association of Neurologists. Sydney: John Libbey, 2000.
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Massimo, Gigli, ed. Il mondo delle intenzioni: L'incontro transculturale fra il Medicine Man e il Doktor Freud. Napoli: Liguori, 1992.
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Louise, Mulroney, and O'Neil Di 1946-, eds. Promoting family change: The optimism factor. St. Leonards, NSW: Allen & Unwin, 2000.
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Neil, W. D. The lunatic asylum at Castle Hill, Australia's first psychiatric hospital, 1811-1826. Castle Hill, NSW, Australia: Dryas, 1991.
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Rubinstein, W. D. Menders of the mind: A history of The Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists, 1946-1996. Oxford: Oxford University Press Australia, 1996.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Psychiatry Australia"
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Gribble, Robert. "Australia: Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry not Psychosomatic Medicine." In Global Psychosomatic Medicine and Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry, 559–96. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-12584-4_26.
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McLeod, W. R. "Certification Procedures in Australia and New Zealand." In Psychiatry The State of the Art, 231–32. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-1853-9_34.
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Goldney, Robert D. "Videotape in Psychiatric Education in Adelaide, South Australia." In Psychiatry The State of the Art, 339–44. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-1853-9_53.
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Sullivan, Danny. "Ethical Issues in Australian Prison Psychiatry." In Ethical Issues in Prison Psychiatry, 125–43. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0086-4_6.
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McIntyre, Joanne. "Music Therapy." In Longer-Term Psychiatric Inpatient Care for Adolescents, 107–14. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-1950-3_12.
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AbstractThe Walker Unit is one of only a few adolescent inpatient units in Australia to include a Registered Music Therapist on the Allied Health team. The Walker Unit has a music room equipped with guitars, ukuleles, a keyboard, a drum kit, African drums, a cello and a violin. Music therapy sessions are conducted with individuals, patient groups and families. Empirical evidence supporting the benefits of Music Therapy in this setting is limited, however we have observed that creating music in a containing environment enhances self-awareness, stimulates verbalization and facilitates relaxation.
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Kotze, Beth. "The Policy Context and Governance." In Longer-Term Psychiatric Inpatient Care for Adolescents, 161–67. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-1950-3_18.
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AbstractThe Walker Unit opened in 2009 as the first of its kind in Australia to provide an intensive longer stay secure psychiatric inpatient rehabilitation programme for adolescents with severe mental illness who had not benefited from at least one but generally repeated admissions or prolonged care in other tertiary inpatient unit settings. Unusually, this happened at a time when the focus of reform in mental health at a State and National level is on community models, early intervention and community residential care rather than extended inpatient care in the specialist clinical sector. As a first of its kind, the Unit is an important innovation in inpatient mental health care and has garnered a reputation in the clinical sector for creating value in mental health care.
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Ferris, Rob. "Forensic psychiatry in Australia." In Forensic Mental Health, 363–68. Oxford University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198566854.003.0031.
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Gournay, Kevin. "Psychiatric nursing techniques." In New Oxford Textbook of Psychiatry, 1403–8. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199696758.003.0177.
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Psychiatric nursing as an entity has really only evolved since the Second World War. Psychiatric nurses (now often referred to as mental health nurses in the United Kingdom and Australasia) can now be found in most countries of the developed world, although in the developing world, psychiatric nursing is still not defined as a specific discipline. In many countries, psychiatric hospitals are still staffed by untrained ‘Attendants’ who may have some supervision from general trained nurses. Nevertheless, a number of initiatives, notably those of the Geneva Initiative in Psychiatry in Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union and the World Health Organization in African countries, have provided specific training in psychiatric nursing techniques. The development of psychiatric nursing across the world needs to be seen in the context of changing and evolving patterns of mental health care. De-institutionalization, with the attendant setting up of community mental health teams, has prompted a range of innovations in psychiatric nursing and the psychiatric nurse of today, who in the United States and Europe is likely to be a university graduate, is a very different person to that of the nurse working in the post-Second World War asylums of 40 years ago. In this chapter, we examine the development of psychiatric nursing in some detail and particularly emphasize the role of psychiatric nurses working in the community. Community psychiatric nursing first developed in the United Kingdom nearly 50 years ago and this model has been followed in countries such as Australia and New Zealand. However, this community role has not developed to any great extent in the United States, where the main presence of psychiatric nursing remains in hospital-based care. Furthermore, in the United Kingdom and Australasia, the development of community initiatives has seen the role of the psychiatric nurse blurring with that of other mental health professionals. Chapters such as this cannot really do justice to the whole range of techniques used by psychiatric nurses; neither can it examine in any detail the differences between psychiatric nursing practices across the world. However, a description of psychiatric nursing in six important areas will provide the reader with an appreciation of the range and diversity of psychiatric nursing skills:♦ Inpatient care ♦ Psychosocial interventions in the community ♦ Prescribing and medication management ♦ Cognitive behaviour therapy ♦ Primary care ♦ Psychiatric nursing in the developing world.
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Waters, Cerith S., and Susan Pawlby. "Young motherhood, perinatal depression, and children’s development." In Perinatal Psychiatry. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199676859.003.0020.
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The aim of this chapter is to examine young women’s experience of mental health problems during the perinatal period. We shall argue that women who were young at the time of their transition to parenthood are at elevated risk for perinatal depression, in their first and subsequent pregnancies. Evidence for the impact of perinatal depression on children’s development will be outlined, and we propose that the elevated rates of mental health problems among young mothers may partly account for the increased prevalence of adverse outcomes often seen among their children. However, for these young women and their offspring, the impact of perinatal depression may be compounded by many other social, psychological, and biological risk factors, and young women’s circumstances may exacerbate their own and their children’s difficulties. Therefore any clinical strategies regarding the identification and treatment of depression during the antenatal and postnatal months may need to take into account the age of women, with women bearing children earlier and later than the average presenting different challenges for health professionals. Across the industrialized nations the demographics of parenthood are changing, with both men and women first becoming parents at increasingly older ages (Bosch 1998; Martin et al. 2005; Ventura et al. 2001). In the UK for example, the average maternal age at first birth in 1971 was 23.7 years, compared to the present figure of 29.5 years (ONS 2012). Correspondingly, over the last four decades, birth rates for women aged 30 and over have increased extensively, whilst those for women in their teenage years and early twenties have declined (ONS 2012, 2007). Since the 1970s, the proportion of children born to women aged 20–24 in the UK has been decreasing, with women aged 30–34 years now displaying the highest birth rates (ONS 2010). These changes in the demography of parenthood are not confined to the UK with similar trends toward delayed first births observed across Western Europe (Ventura et al. 2001), the United States (Mirowsky 2002), New Zealand (Woodward et al. 2006) and Australia (Barnes 2003). Thus, a transition to parenthood during adolescence and the early 20s is non-normative for Western women, and the implications of this ‘off-time’ transition (Elder 1997, 1998) for the mother’s and the child’s mental health warrants attention.
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Sun, Jing, and Nicholas Buys. "Effectiveness of Participative Community Singing Intervention Program on Promoting Resilience and Mental Health of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander People in Australia." In Essential Notes in Psychiatry. InTech, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/38468.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Psychiatry Australia"
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Moura, Ludmila Sandy Alves, André Taumaturgo Cavalcanti Arruda, and Mário Luciano de Melo Silva Júnior. "Parallels between neurologist training in Brazil and in other countries." In XIII Congresso Paulista de Neurologia. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/1516-3180.534.
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Introduction: Neurology training involves practice in infirmaries and outpatient clinics in several subspecialties, as well as training in procedures and examinations. The analysis of Medical Residency Programs (MRPs) in Neurology in other countries is important to identify points of contrast and similarities as a way to keep the national training equivalent to other countries. Objectives: To analyze the duration and characteristics of the training of neurology physicians in Brazil and other countries. Methods: Cross-sectional study by active search on official web pages of governments and organizations/entities representing neurologists from 12 countries: Australia, Portugal, Italy, Greece, India, USA, Canada, Puerto Rico, Argentina, Chile, Uruguay, and Colombia. Information was obtained on the duration of medical school and residency, as well as the characteristics of this. Results: The duration of medical school was 4 to 7 years (median: 6; IIQ: 0.5). Duration in neurology was 3 to 6 years (median: 4; IIQ:1). Developed countries have a median duration of residency of 4.83 years ± 0.68 years, whereas in developing countries it was 3.66 ±0.47 years. Regarding access, 25% of the countries require a prerequisite. Regarding rotations, those present in most of the programs studied were: neurology outpatient clinic (100%), neuroradiology (83%), neuropediatrics (75%) clinical medicine (58%), psychiatry (58%). Conclusion: We identified differences in the standardization of PRM in Neurology among the countries studied. The duration of Brazilian residency is below the average of the other countries studied, but it includes the required rotations in developed countries.
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Calixto, Nicole Melo, Juliana Ferreira Leal, Julyanna Lucas Nascimento, and Jean Colacite. "Prevalence of methylphenidate use without medical prescription among university students: a review of the current reality." In XIII Congresso Paulista de Neurologia. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/1516-3180.565.
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Introduction: Methylphenidate is a neuropsychotropic agent, indicated for the treatment of Attention Deficit / Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and narcolepsy, and is commonly prescribed for school and university age patients. The growing prescription of the drug and the misuse of methylphenidate by academics without a diagnosis of ADHD and / or narcolepsy have raised concerns on the part of medical societies of psychiatry. The over-the-counter use of this substance causes potential dependence and adverse effects such as hallucinations, anxiety, dry mouth and visual disturbances. Unfortunately, there is a precarious amount of epidemiological data on the use of methylphenidate without prescription by university students. In view of this reality. Objectives: The present study proposed to review the assessment of the prevalence of methylphenidate consumption without medical prescription in university environments worldwide, with sources published between 2016-2021. Methods: To perform this research, the PubMed (https://pubmed.ncbi. nlm.nih.gov/) and Scielo (https://www.scielo.org/) databases were used as a search tool, using the Key words “non-medical”, “methylphenidate” and “university students”. Results: So far, 10 articles related to the study (carried out in China, Australia, Brazil, South Africa, Iran, Israel, Pakistan and the United States) have been identified, with 8 articles obtained from PubMed and 2 articles acquired from Scielo. The selected articles show that in 6 of these articles the groups of academics studied were undergraduate and graduate students in general areas, and 4 articles in medical students. The studies present cases of students who confirmed the use of methylphenidate without a prescription, with the justification that it improves academic performance even in healthy students. Conclusion: Therefore, further studies on epidemiology and effects on academic performance with the improper consumption of this drug are recommended.
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Parry, Peter. "2 A history of the ‘paediatric bipolar disorder’ epidemic: driving forces, iatrogenic consequences and lessons for psychiatric nosology." In Preventing Overdiagnosis Abstracts, December 2019, Sydney, Australia. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjebm-2019-pod.16.
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Kazemi-Esfarjani, Pedram. "4 In defence of the goldwater rule – emergent politicized or state sponsored psychiatric overdiagnosis in mass media and rise and fall of totalitarian states in modern times europe and america." In Preventing Overdiagnosis Abstracts, December 2019, Sydney, Australia. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjebm-2019-pod.110.
Full textReports on the topic "Psychiatry Australia"
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Mental disorders are under researched yet prevalent in children under 7 years. ACAMH, August 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.13056/acamh.12684.
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Mira Vasileva and colleagues in Germany and Australia recently compiled a Research Review for the Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry on the prevalence of mental disorders in children <7 years old.
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More research is needed into effective interventions for sensory symptoms. ACAMH, June 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.13056/acamh.12312.
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Professor Alison Lane at the University of Newcastle, Australia, has compiled a practitioner review for the Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry on how to effectively manage functional difficulties associated with sensory symptoms in children and adolescents.
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Age-related immaturity in the classroom can lead to ADHD misdiagnosis. ACAMH, December 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.13056/acamh.10683.
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Researchers from Australia, France, the USA and the UK have come together to compile a 2019 Annual Research Review for the Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry on the correlation between a late birth-date (relative to the school year) and risk of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).