Academic literature on the topic 'Psychiatrists Discipline'
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Journal articles on the topic "Psychiatrists Discipline"
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BURSTEIN, ALLAN. "Discipline for Psychiatrists." American Journal of Psychiatry 159, no. 1 (January 2002): 152. http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.159.1.152.
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Carr, Vaughan J. "The Australasian Society for Psychiatric Research (ASPR)." Australasian Psychiatry 5, no. 6 (December 1997): 290–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/10398569709082288.
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In 1970, the late Professor Cecil Kidd and Scott Henderson discussed ways of strengthening psychiatric research in Australia. Being both from Aberdeen, the Scottish Society for Psychiatric Research was taken as a model. This model involved an annual forum for committed researchers, irrespective of discipline, and thus included psychologists, psychiatrists, statisticians, economists, basic scientists and so on. In Australia, the Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists (RANZCP) was not regarded, at that time, as a suitable organisation for this purpose as it then had other priorities and included only psychiatrists within its membership. Thus, gathering together individuals from all relevant disciplines with an interest in psychiatric research would not have been possible under the auspices of the RANZCP.
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Beveridge, Allan. "Relevance of the history of psychiatry to practising clinicians." Advances in Psychiatric Treatment 5, no. 1 (January 1999): 46–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/apt.5.1.46.
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Do busy psychiatrists need to pay any attention to the history of their discipline? Surely clinicians should concentrate on keeping up-to-date with the latest developments in their field. Medical history may provide amusing anecdotes about practice in the past, but can it inform modern treatment? Such a response, although familiar, seems rather strange, coming from psychiatrists, who, after all, spend their clinical day, taking ‘histories'. By doing so, they seek to understand their patients' problems in the context of their life history. They try to make sense of the present by reference to the past, whether it be events in the patient's childhood, previous conflicts or the individual's genetic inheritance. Given such a perspective, it seems reasonable that psychiatrists might also take an interest in the history of their profession. By attending to the history of its development, its past disputes and its intellectual inheritance, the psychiatrist can reach a deeper understanding of the current state of psychiatry.
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Sartorius, N. "Starting a career as a psychiatrist." European Psychiatry 64, S1 (April 2021): S69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2021.214.
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Abstract BodyThere are several sets of skills first set of skills which psychiatrists should acquire before or as early as possible after starting their career. THe first of those are communication skills – including those of listening, speaking clearly and convincingly, negotiating and writing scientific and other types of documents. A second set of skills are those that will enable psychiatrists to understand and use legal documents and materials. The third set of skills that is likely to be useful are skills necessary to function as a physician. These sets of skills combined with the knowledge of the subject of psychiatry should help in building a career in any of the areas open to psychiatrists.. Yet, more important than any of the skills or bits of knowledge that a candidate psychiatrist should have to build a career and be happy with it are the motivation to do psychiatry and the acceptance of a style of work marked by empathy, willing acceptance of ethical principles of medicine and if at all possible infectious optimism. The above array of skills, knowledge style of work are not easily developed and those educating future psychiatrists should be careful in their selection of trainees and resourceful in the provision of training that will create psychiatrists who can advance the health of their patients as well as their discipline and will have a chance to live a rewarding life.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
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Jamieson, Michelle. "Between the Sciences Psychosomatic Medicine as a Feminist Discipline." Catalyst: Feminism, Theory, Technoscience 3, no. 2 (October 19, 2017): 1–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.28968/cftt.v3i2.28845.
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Psychosomatic medicine was an interdisciplinary medical field established in the late 1930s in response to growing dissatisfaction with the Cartesianism assumed in both general medicine and psychiatry. Seeking a method that could address the many health conditions that fell outside the scope of any particular specialisation, advocates of this movement were doctors, psychiatrists and psychoanalysts who insisted on treating the organism as a whole. Among these was Helen Flanders Dunbar, an enigmatic psychiatrist and philosopher, who insisted that the success of medicine rested on its ability to apprehend the interrelationality of mind and body as an object in its own right. This article shows that Dunbar’s ambition to develop a practice of medicine that would more faithfully address the organism as whole, rather than fragment, evokes the larger issue of how we can know and study life objectively. Drawing on the works of feminist STS scholars Karen Barad and Donna Haraway, I show that Dunbar grappled with the situatedness of knowledge practices – and specifically, the relationship between object and method – as a central concern of her discipline. I argue that psychosomatic medicine is an example of feminist thought as science because its very practice relies on holding alive questions about the nature of objectivity, truth and the ontological entanglement of ‘what’ and ‘how’ we know
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McDonald, Carrick, and Simon McDonald. "Neural networks and psychiatry." Psychiatric Bulletin 15, no. 4 (April 1991): 211–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/pb.15.4.211.
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This paper draws the attention of psychiatrists to the developing field of neural networking in the belief that the models created in this discipline demonstrate several functions central to cerebral performance.
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Suibhne, Seamus Mac. "Threshold Concepts and Teaching Psychiatry: Key to the Kingdom or Emperor's New Clothes?" Irish Journal of Psychological Medicine 29, no. 2 (2012): 132–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0790966700017456.
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AbstractPsychiatry, more than most medical specialties, must engage with undergraduate medical education to prevent the further marginalisation of mental health within medicine. There is an urgency to the need for psychiatrists and educationalists to communicate, and for psychiatrists to be aware of developments in educational theory. The idea of ‘threshold concepts’ is currently widely discussed by educationalists. Threshold concepts are described as areas of knowledge without which the learner cannot progress, and which, when grasped, lead to a transformation in the learner's perspective and understanding. Threshold concepts have been criticised on conceptual grounds, and there is a lack of clarity as to how to identify them empirically. While they may represent a fruitful approach to the task of engaging medical students in psychiatry teaching, it is suggested that further development of the idea is required before it could be usefully applied. However empirical studies in other disciplines suggest that there may be associated benefits to the teaching of the discipline from trying to identify threshold knowledge.
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Henderson, J. A., C. J. Simpson, and J. D. Mumford. "The use of car telephones by psychiatrists." Psychiatric Bulletin 16, no. 12 (December 1992): 756–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/pb.16.12.756.
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As community services develop, medical staff are increasingly spending more time outside the hospital, despite the most severely ill patients still being in hospital. This may lead to junior medical staff and nurses feeling unsupported by the consultant. In addition, as more disturbed patients are kept out of hospital, the general practitioner and community health workers may require to contact the psychiatrist more often to talk about patients or to request urgent assessment. Therefore the importance of communication with consultants is increased both from the hospital and from the community while they are spending increasing amounts of time in their cars. In a discipline where communication is of paramount importance, a failure to meet this growing need would undermine the effectiveness of the service as a whole.
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Janse van Rensburg, Bernard, Carla Kotzé, Karis Moxley, Ugasvaree Subramaney, Zukiswa Zingela, and Soraya Seedat. "Profile of the current psychiatrist workforce in South Africa: establishing a baseline for human resource planning and strategy." Health Policy and Planning 37, no. 4 (December 7, 2021): 492–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/heapol/czab144.
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Abstract The World Health Organization Global Health Observatory Data Repository reports South Africa with 1.52 psychiatrists per 100 000 of the population among other countries in Africa with 0.01 psychiatrists per 100 000 (Chad, Burundi and Niger) to more than 30 per 100 000 for some countries in Europe. The overall situation, while being cognizant that mental health care is not only provided by specialist psychiatrists and that the current treatment gap may have to be addressed by strategies such as appropriate task sharing, suggests that there are actually too few psychiatrists to meet the country’s mental health care needs. To address the need to develop a strategy to increase the local specialist training and examination capacity, a situational review of currently practicing psychiatrists was undertaken by the [BLINDED] and the [BLINDED] using the South African Society of Psychiatrists membership database. The number, distribution and attributes of practicing psychiatrists were compared with international figures on the ratio of psychiatrists per 100 000 population. In April 2019, there were 850 qualified psychiatrists actively practicing in the country and based on the national population figure of 55.6 million people (2016 Census), the psychiatrists per 100 000 ratio was 1.53. This indicates no improvement between 2016 to 2019. From the South African Society of Psychiatrists database, we determined that about 80% of psychiatrists are working in the private sector—a much higher proportion than is usually quoted. As the vast majority of psychiatrists are practicing in urban areas in two provinces, Gauteng (n = 350) and Western Cape (n = 292), the ratio of psychiatrists per 100 000 in these areas is relatively higher at 2.6 and 5.0, respectively, whereas rural areas in South Africa are largely without specialist mental health expertise at a rate of 0.03 per 100 000 population. This investigation provides a discipline-specific situational review of the attributes and distribution of the current workforce of specialists in the country.
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Johnson, Harriette C., and Edwin F. Renaud. "Professional Beliefs about Parents of Children with Mental and Emotional Disabilities: A Cross-Discipline Comparison." Journal of Emotional and Behavioral Disorders 5, no. 3 (September 1997): 149–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/106342669700500303.
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The views of social workers, child psychiatrists, and psychologists about parents of children with mental, emotional, and behavioral disorders were compared in this study. The Providers’ Beliefs About Parents questionnaire was used to measure views about parents’ competence, parents’ pathology, parents’ credibility, parents’ role in the etiology of children's problems, information sharing with parents, giving explicit directives to parents about how to help their children, and related child mental health issues such as use of psychotropic medication with children and adolescents and perceived importance of research-based knowledge about child and adolescent psychopathology. Variables most associated with parent-friendly beliefs and attitudes were endorsement of a neuropsychological orientation and familiarity with parent support groups. Views of respondents did not differ by ethnicity, gender, or parental status. Child psychiatrists were most in agreement with parent-friendly attitudes and beliefs, clinical social workers were least in agreement, and psychologists were midway between the other two groups.
Books on the topic "Psychiatrists Discipline"
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Nosachev, Igor', and Dmitriy Romanov. Semiotics of mental illness. General psychopathology. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1027396.
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The methodology and systematics of the diagnostic process in psychiatry are given, information is given about psychopathological symptoms and dynamics of the main productive and negative syndromes, including addictive, as well as the most significant forms of norm and pathology of personality. The leading features of clinical and psychopathological research in general psychopathology are substantiated.
The section "Symptomatology" reveals the psychological and clinical features of the main mental processes. The section "Syndromology" describes the clinical features of the main positive and negative syndromes, their features in children and adolescents.
Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation.
It is intended for psychiatrists, psychiatrists, narcologists, psychotherapists, clinical psychologists undergoing pre- and postgraduate training, students of higher medical and psychological educational institutions, interns, clinical residents, graduate students and doctors of related disciplines.
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Brayne, Carol, Valery L. Feigin, Lenore J. Launer, and Giancarlo Logroscino, eds. Oxford Textbook of Neurologic and Neuropsychiatric Epidemiology. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198749493.001.0001.
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The Oxford Textbook of Neurologic and Neuropsychiatric Epidemiology is designed to focus on the overlaps and inter-relationships between neuro-epidemiological disorders, as well as on ways to harmonize large cohort studies to maximize opportunities for determining causes related to rarer disorders. Divided into three main parts, the book covers: (1) the principles of neurological and neuropsychiatric epidemiology; (2) specific neuropsychiatric disorders and their inter-relationships; and (3) the implications of neuro-epidemiologic research for patient populations and current medical practice. This comprehensive work serves as an invaluable reference to current neuroepidemiological methods for neurologists, psychiatrists, senior trainees in those disciplines, as well as public health practitioners and students with an interest in neurology and neuropsychiatry.
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Rossor, Martin. Neuropsychological disorders, dementia, and behavioural neurology. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198569381.003.0755.
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The diseases which disrupt the cerebral cortex and its subcortical connections result in a wide variety of clinical features. These include the classical syndromes of higher cortical dysfunction such as the dysphasias, dyspraxias, amnesias, and agnosias together with a wide variety of behavioural and emotional disturbances. Such disorders frequently overlap with the clinical disciplines of clinical psychology and psychiatry. Historically there has been a broad split between those diseases which are seen by neurologists and those that are seen by psychiatrists. To some extent the distinction reflects the different clinical approaches employed; neurologists concentrate on the generality of disease caused by lesions in defined areas, whereas psychiatrists often deal with diseases that show a greater interaction with the individuals own personal history and place in society (Lishman 1987). In this chapter disturbances of higher cortical function, the dementias, and behavioural aspects of neurological lesions are discussed. Awareness of the occasional presentation of psychiatric disease to the neurologists is important and further details are available in textbooks of psychiatry. A review of clinical syndromes referable to identified areas of the cerebral cortex, is followed by a functional approach which discusses the main neuropsychological syndromes. The more generalized cognitive impairment seen with the dementias such as Alzheimer’s disease, dementia with Lewy bodies, and the frontotemporal lobar degenerations are then reviewed followed by areas of neuropsychiatric overlap.
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Morris, Katherine J. Body Image Disorders. Edited by K. W. M. Fulford, Martin Davies, Richard G. T. Gipps, George Graham, John Z. Sadler, Giovanni Stanghellini, and Tim Thornton. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199579563.013.0037.
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This chapter examines so-called body image disorders, focusing on body dysmorphic disorder, anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge eating disorder. These disorders have been studied extensively by psychologists and psychiatrists from both the "body image" and "body shame" research orientations. Body image disorders have also proved, for feminist thinkers mindful of the gender imbalance in many of these disorders, to be an important locus for cultural criticism, including criticism of psychological and psychiatric perspectives. Those philosophers and anthropologists with a phenomenological bent, particularly those with an interest in the lived body and embodiment, have also found a fruitful terrain in body image disorders. These different disciplines and approaches provide multiple perspectives which are often complementary, occasionally in some tension with one another, but always mutually enriching, and all of them are sketched here.
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Bhui, Kamaldeep, and Dinesh Bhugra. Terrorism, Violent Radicalisation, and Mental Health. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198845706.001.0001.
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Terrorism, Violent Radicalization, and Mental Health brings together distinct disciplinary and ideological narratives on the political, social, economic, and cultural aspects of radicalization and terrorism today. Specifically, adopting methodologies and concepts from cultural psychiatry, and a range of other disciplines, across 18 chapters, we assesses a wide range of groups and types of extremism and terrorism from around the world. There are key topics such as technology, social and international policies, ethics and cultural competency, and the role that psychiatrists and mental health professionals play in treatment, management, and prevention. There are implications for counter-terrorism policy and practice, as well as wider social and public health and immigration policies. We thank the authors for their commitment to this challenging area of work, yet one which is much needed, to create social and global cohesion and improve public health, enabling all to flouris.
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Moffic, H. Steven, and James Sabin. Ethical Leadership for Psychiatry. Edited by John Z. Sadler, K. W. M. Fulford, and Werdie (C W. ). van Staden. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198732372.013.50.
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Solutions for the current challenges in mental health care worldwide require improved ethical leadership and administration. Though psychiatrists have the broadest training for stewardship, other disciplines and patient consumers provide their own potential. Business leadership and ethics also need consideration. How to meld the strengths and ethical principles of the various mental health care constituencies is a major global task, but one that can be met. Possible ethical ways to do so are to use emotional intelligence and a culture of compassionate love to prioritize the professional and personal needs of the staff, and to have more leadership provided by formerly disenfranchised prosumers and/or leaders from marginalized cultures. Those responsible for mental health care systems must include the representative viewpoints of all stakeholders. One country, the USA, is highlighted for what can be generalized to other countries, supplemented by some important differences found in other societies.
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Newen, Albert, Leon De Bruin, and Shaun Gallagher, eds. The Oxford Handbook of 4E Cognition. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198735410.001.0001.
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The Oxford Handbook of 4E Cognition provides a systematic overview of the state of the art in the field of 4E cognition: it includes chapters on hotly debated topics, for example, on the nature of cognition and the relation between cognition, perception and action; it discusses recent trends such as Bayesian inference and predictive coding; it presents new insights and findings regarding social understanding including the development of false belief understanding, and introduces new theoretical paradigms for understanding emotions and conceptualizing the interaction between cognition, language and culture. Each thematic section ends with a critical note to foster the fruitful discussion. In addition the final section of the book is dedicated to applications of 4E cognition approaches in disciplines such as psychiatry and robotics. This is a book with high relevance for philosophers, psychologists, psychiatrists, neuroscientists and anyone with an interest in the study of cognition as well as a wider audience with an interest in 4E cognition approaches.
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Peteet, John, Mary Lynn Dell, and Wai Lun Alan Fung, eds. Ethical Considerations at the Intersection of Psychiatry and Religion. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190681968.001.0001.
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Psychiatry and religious/spiritual share an interest in human flourishing, a concern with beliefs and values, and an appreciation for community. Yet historical tensions between science and religion have often reinforced disciplinary boundaries and obstructed dialogue, leaving clinicians uncertain about how to approach ethical dilemmas arising between them. Common questions concern conflicting values, the ways that religion/spirituality informs the value commitments of patients and their clinicians, and what principles should guide the interaction between clinicians’ own professional and personal commitments.This volume aims to help readers think more clearly about these issues as they present to psychiatrists and other mental health professionals, religious professionals working in mental health settings, bioethicists and trainees in these disciplines. Rather than philosophical arguments or practice guidelines, chapter authors offer a conceptual framework for understanding the role of religion/spirituality in ethical decision-making, as well as pragmatic guidance for approaching challenging cases. Authors in Part One explore several dimensions of the ethical challenges presented by religious/spiritual related to diagnosis, integrated treatment, harmful religion, and the work of ethics committees and religious professionals. Those in Part Two consider ways of approaching these issues as they arise in different clinical contexts, such as forensic, consultation-liaison, geriatric, child, international and community psychiatry, as well as in psychiatric research and teaching.
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Fingeret, Michelle Cororve, and Irene Teo, eds. Body Image Care for Cancer Patients. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190655617.001.0001.
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This book is the first and only academic textbook of principles and practices of body image care for cancer patients and is designed to target a multidisciplinary audience of healthcare care professionals engaged in the science and/or practice of psychosocial oncology internationally. Content is primarily geared toward mental health professionals or those involved in supportive care of cancer patients but is broadly applicable to all members of the oncologic healthcare team. Best practices and models of body image care are reviewed and presented in such a manner as to be directly relevant to oncologists, psychiatrists, psychologists, nurses, social workers, rehabilitation specialists, speech and language pathologists, and other allied healthcare professionals. This book provides a comprehensive overview of available literature on body image outcomes with cancer populations and integrates scientific findings from the general body image literature that can be applied to the oncology setting. Readers are provided with a comprehensive theoretical foundation along with practical recommendations for assessment tools and intervention approaches that can be utilized by a range of healthcare professionals. Case examples are incorporated throughout the textbook considering different aspects of disease and treatment and are written from the perspective of different professional disciplines. This book will be relevant for emerging as well as established healthcare professionals internationally and can be used in training and other educational settings.
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Troisi, Alfonso. The Painted Mind. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199393404.001.0001.
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The scientific focus of this book is on the human mind and behavior viewed from an evolutionary perspective. The author is a clinical psychiatrist but his research background ranges from primate ethology to neuroscience, behavioral biology to molecular genetics, and Darwinian psychiatry to evolutionary psychology. Discussion of emotions, cognitive capacities, and behaviors integrates a variety of research and clinical findings that, ultimately, can be reduced to the evolutionary distinction between proximate mechanisms and adaptive functions. An original feature of the book is that it combines science and art. Each chapter is inspired by a painting masterpiece, and a substantial portion of the text is devoted to introducing the reader to the artistic significance of the works and to biographical notes concerning the painters who made them. In addition, each painting is accurately reproduced in a full-page color plate. Description of the evolutionary theories that explain how the human mind works are intermixed with the critical discussion of the perspectives of humanistic disciplines such as philosophy, sociology, religion, or literature. In order to give the reader lively examples of psychological and behavioral patterns, the chapters are filled with stories of people—stories of literary characters, stories of historical characters, and clinical cases.
Book chapters on the topic "Psychiatrists Discipline"
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Haugan, Gørill, and Jessie Dezutter. "Meaning-in-Life: A Vital Salutogenic Resource for Health." In Health Promotion in Health Care – Vital Theories and Research, 85–101. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-63135-2_8.
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AbstractBased on evidence and theory, we state that facilitating and supporting people’s meaning-making processes are health promoting. Hence, meaning-in-life is a salutogenic concept.Authors from various disciplines such as nursing, medicine, psychology, philosophy, religion, and arts argue that the human search for meaning is a primary force in life and one of the most fundamental challenges an individual faces. Research demonstrates that meaning is of great importance for mental as well as physical well-being and crucial for health and quality of life. Studies have shown significant correlations between meaning-in-life and physical health measured by lower mortality for all causes of death; meaning is correlated with less cardiovascular disease, less hypertension, better immune function, less depression, and better coping and recovery from illness. Studies have shown that cancer patients who experience a high degree of meaning have a greater ability to tolerate bodily ailments than those who do not find meaning-in-life. Those who, despite pain and fatigue, experience meaning report better quality-of-life than those with low meaning. Hence, if the individual finds meaning despite illness, ailments, and imminent death, well-being, health, and quality-of-life will increase in the current situation. However, when affected by illness and reduced functionality, finding meaning-in-life might prove more difficult. A will to search for meaning is required, as well as health professionals who help patients and their families not only to cope with illness and suffering but also to find meaning amid these experiences. Accordingly, meaning-in-life is considered a vital salutogenic resource and concept.The psychiatrist Viktor Emil Frankl’s theory of “Will to Meaning” forms the basis for modern health science research on meaning; Frankl’s premise was that man has enough to live by, but too little to live for. According to Frankl, logotherapy ventures into the spiritual dimension of human life. The Greek word “logos” means not only meaning but also spirit. However, Frankl highlighted that in a logotherapeutic context, spirituality is not primarily about religiosity—although religiosity can be a part of it—but refers to a specific human dimension that makes us human. Frankl based his theory on three concepts: meaning, freedom to choose and suffering, stating that the latter has no point. People should not look for an inherent meaning in the negative events happening to them, or in their suffering, because the meaning is not there. The meaning is in the attitude people choose while suffering from illness, crises, etc.
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Praag, Herman M. van. "The role of religion in suicide prevention." In Oxford Textbook of Suicidology and Suicide Prevention, edited by Danuta Wasserman and Camilla Wasserman, 9–16. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198834441.003.0002.
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Studies show that if religiosity is experienced as a source of hope and confidence, it reduces the risk of depression in times of mounting stress, facilitates recovery, and diminishes suicide risk. Religiosity experienced as a source of guilt and fear probably has the opposite effects. Social bonding and confidence in God are a modus operandi. The psychiatrist cannot and should not ignore or reject religion, irrespective of personal beliefs. In the interest of the evolution of the practice and for the best of their patients, psychiatrists need to reorient towards matters of spirituality, religion, and meaning. Taking into account the present state of the discipline, the data on religion and suicide are relatively scarce. The role religion can play in suicide prevention is discussed throughout this chapter.
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Bennette, Rebecca Ayako. "Deserters." In Diagnosing Dissent, 74–100. Cornell University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501751202.003.0004.
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This chapter probes the reality of agency and space for dissent that medicalization offered to soldiers during World War I. It explains how the tendency to refer deserters for psychiatric observation and treatment frequently served to shield the soldiers from the full brunt of military discipline if they committed overt acts of disobedience. It also reviews the contemporary understanding of the boundary between mental illness in the actual sense and those who were not truly sick, even if they did not allegedly exhibit complete mental fitness. The chapter reveals the flexibility shown by wartime psychiatrists in determining issues of mental competence for transgressions of discipline related to desertion and the similar charge of going AWOL. It describes how soldiers expressed dissent and avoided significant unwanted involvement in the war, such as direct fighting.
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Winnicott, Donald W. "Preface to Renata Gaddini’s Italian Translation of The Family and Individual Development." In The Collected Works of D. W. Winnicott, 419–22. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med:psych/9780190271398.003.0071.
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Winnicott’s preface to Renata Gaddini’s Italian translation of his book The Family and Individual Development, in which he recognises that translation from English culture to Italian culture presents difficulties. Winnicott admits that it cannot be used as a textbook for doctors, psychiatrists, psychologists or any other profession, because it contains the ideas of psychoanalysis, a discipline which involves a new area of understanding and which crosses between several professions. He elaborates on this and on the inevitable hostility towards psychoanalysis, and he challenges the mainstream professions in their attitudes towards it.
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Taylor, Eric. "Psychiatric Consequences of Brain Syndromes." In Developmental Neuropsychiatry, 163–212. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198827801.003.0006.
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This chapter outlines the nature of common and notable brain disorders that have psychiatric consequences for children and young people. All are often managed by paediatric disciplines in European, Australian, and North American countries. Psychiatrists, however, are often the lead discipline in countries where the medical aspects are considered as less important than the mental. In most countries, physical and mental specialists need to work together with enough understanding of each other’s role that there is no gap in the provision of service. Recognizing multiple morbidity is key. This chapter therefore covers the basics of medical diagnosis and treatment as well as what is known about psychological intervention. Epilepsy, cerebral palsy, hydrocephalus, acquired traumatic injury to the head, localized structural lesions, and endocrine disorders are all described in the chapter. In addition, functional neurological disorders are considered, in order to inform joint diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.
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Horwitz, Allan V. "The Decline and Fall of Dynamic Psychiatry." In Between Sanity and Madness, 159–88. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190907860.003.0006.
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After psychiatry’s ascendancy during the two decades after World War II ended, the profession entered its most troubled period. From the emergence of the anti-psychiatry movement in the mid-1960s through the resurrection of a biomedical model in the DSM-III in 1980, the field endured a time of continual crisis. The general culture shed its earlier infatuation with analytic ideas and turned sharply against the discipline. The medical profession, biologically oriented psychiatrists, and third-party insurers, too, came to reject psychodynamic approaches. The National Institute of Mental Health as well discarded its initial psychosocial emphasis in favor of a strong biological focus. Another government agency, the Food and Drug Administration, forced drug companies to stop advertising their products as remedies for general distress and mandated that they show efficacy in treating specific diseases. The high pedestal that dynamic psychiatry rested on in the postwar period swiftly crumbled.
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Khanna, Rahul, Juliet Beni Edgcomb, and Malcom Hopwood. "The Therapeutic Centaur." In Convergence Mental Health, edited by Rahul Khanna, Juliet Beni Edgcomb, and Malcom Hopwood, 85–102. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780197506271.003.0008.
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This is an age of convergence, where insights from disparate disciplines are coming together to meet modern challenges. In this chapter, the authors describe the ways convergence science will impact the workflow of future psychiatrists. They anticipate human clinicians to work in close partnership with technology; streamlining, eliminating, and transforming a range of clinical activities. Here, they provide a framework for modernizing perennial skills and present a roadmap for the development of new knowledge. They anticipate that two important areas of knowledge for future psychiatrists will include clinical informatics and data science. The potential of convergence psychiatry will be realized most effectively as they update clinical training to reflect the shift toward transdisciplinary science. The authors advocate for psychiatrists to embrace interaction with emerging technology including highlighting the risk if they fail to do so.
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Trust, Ashley, and James G. Baker. "The Public Psychiatrist as Clinical Team Member." In Public and Community Psychiatry, 55–76. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190907914.003.0004.
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Patients served in community mental health settings often have multiple psychiatric, physical health care, and psychosocial needs. Because of this complexity, clinical care by a multidisciplinary team is required. This chapter describes team member responsibilities and the role of the community psychiatrist within the various treatment team structures that community psychiatrist might encounter. Contemporary treatment planning, including wraparound services, the resiliency/strengths model, use of peer services, and cultural competency, is described. In contemporary community psychiatry, the patient is an integral part of the team, and so person-directed treatment planning is discussed as well as the recovery movement and its implications for psychiatry. The chapter discusses how to foster cross-discipline collaboration and describes the importance of systemic thinking and approaches to patient care. Examples of the treatment team process are provided.
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Kleinman, Arthur. "Social and cultural anthropology: salience for psychiatry." In New Oxford Textbook of Psychiatry, 275–79. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199696758.003.0036.
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Anthropology's chief contribution to psychiatry is to emphasize the importance of the social world in diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment, and to provide concepts and methods that psychiatrists can apply (the appropriate cross-disciplinary translation first being made, however). But that is not the only contribution that anthropology offers. Ethnographers are aware that knowledge is positioned, facts and values are inseparable, and experience is simply too complex and robust to be easily boxed into tight analytical categories. Hence a sense of the fallibility of understanding, the limitation of practice, and irony and paradox in human conditions is the consequence of ethnography as a method of knowledge production. Anthropology also complements the idea of psychosomatic relationships with evidence and theorizing about sociosomatic relationships. Here moral processes—namely what is at stake in local worlds—are shown to be closely linked with emotional processes, which are frequently about experiences of loss, fear, vexation, and betrayal of what is collectively and individually at stake in interpersonal relationships. Change in the former can change the latter, and this can at times work in reverse as well. Examples include the way symptoms intensify or even arise in response to fear and vexation concerning threats perceived as serious dangers to what is most at stake. The relationship of poverty to morbidity and mortality is a different example of sociosomatic processes. Poverty correlates with increased morbidity and mortality. Psychiatrists have often had trouble getting the point that public health and infectious disease experts have long understood. But it is not just diarrhoeal disease, tuberculosis, AIDS, heart disease, and cancer that demonstrate this powerful social epidemiological correlation—so do psychiatric conditions. Depression, substance abuse, violence, and their traumatic consequences not only occur at higher rates in the poorest local worlds, but also cluster together (much as do infectious diseases), and those vicious clusters define a local place, usually a disintegrating inner-city community. Hence the findings of the National Co-Morbidity Study in the United States of America that most psychiatric conditions occur as comorbidity is a step toward this ethnographic knowledge—that in the most vulnerable, dangerous, and broken local worlds, psychiatric diseases are not encountered as separate problems but as part of these sociosomatic clusters. Finally, anthropology is also salient for policy and programme development in psychiatry. Against an overly narrow neurobiological framing of psychiatric conditions as brain disorders, anthropology in psychiatry draws on cross-national, cross-ethnic, and disintegrating community data to emphasize the relationship of increasing rates of mental health problems, especially among underserved, impoverished populations worldwide, and increasing problems in the organization and delivery of mental health services to fundamental transformations in political economy, institutions, and culture that are remaking our epoch. In so doing, anthropology projects a vision of psychiatry as a discipline central to social welfare and health policy. It argues as well against the profession's ethnocentrism and for the field as a larger component of international health. Anthropology (together with economics, sociology, and political science) also provides the tools for psychiatry to develop policies and programmes that address the close ties between social conditions and mental health conditions, and social policies and mental health policies. In this sense, anthropology urges psychiatry in a global direction, one in which psychiatric knowledge and practice, once altered to fit in more culturally salient ways in local worlds around the globe, have a more important place at the policy table.
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Semple, David, and Roger Smyth. "Thinking about psychiatry." In Oxford Handbook of Psychiatry, 1–44. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198795551.003.0001.
Full textAbstract:
This chapter introduces ways of thinking about psychiatry, from investigating the question ‘what is disease’ to techniques for diagnosis and treatment and overarching themes of the role of the psychiatrist. With a brief history and a discussion of potential future directions of the discipline, this chapter provides an overview and rationale for the subsequent content.