Academic literature on the topic 'Psychiatric hospital care South Australia'
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Journal articles on the topic "Psychiatric hospital care South Australia"
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Cammell, Paul. "Emergency psychiatry: a product of circumstance or a growing sub-speciality field?" Australasian Psychiatry 25, no. 1 (September 26, 2016): 53–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1039856216665286.
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Objectives: This article reviews recent trends in the provision of psychiatric services to the emergency departments of tertiary hospitals in Australia, involving the establishment of specialised in-reach or liaison services as well as various forms of short stay unit attached to emergency departments. The Emergency Psychiatry Service at Flinders Medical Centre, South Australia, is described as a case example. Its specialised models of assessment and clinical care are described, highlighting how these are differentiated from more traditional models in inpatient, community and general hospital consultation–liaison psychiatry. Conclusions: Emergency psychiatry, and in particular the application of specialised psychiatric models of in-reach service and short stay units, is an increasingly important and growing field of psychiatry that warrants further exploration in research. The Emergency Psychiatry Service at Flinders Medical Centre has developed a distinct group of assessment and treatment approaches that exemplifies this growing field.
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Boast, Neil. "Forensic psychiatry – a tale of two systems." Psychiatric Bulletin 14, no. 12 (December 1990): 722–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/pb.14.12.722.
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During registrar training I had the privilege of working in the interim secure unit at Friern Hospital in London. To gain further experience in the field of forensic psychiatry, I secured (if that is an appropriate term), a post as trainee psychiatrist at James Nash House, centre for forensic psychiatry, Adelaide, South Australia. This article compares the legal and health care frameworks in England and South Australia relevant to mentally abnormal offenders. The two units are described and differences in facilities, patient populations and working practices are discussed.
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Patti, Charles H. "St. James Hospital: A Case in Crisis Management." Journal of Management & Organization 9, no. 2 (January 2003): 75–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s183336720000482x.
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This definitely was not the type of day that St. James Hospital CEO, Paul Ryan, was expecting. As the groundbreaking ceremonies for the Hospital's new addition were about to begin, Paul found himself facing an unsympathetic press and an angry group of protesters. Clearly, he had a crisis on his hands.St. James Hospital in Parramatta (Western Sydney area of New South Wales, Australia) is a 400-bed multi-specialty community hospital providing ambulatory care, acute care, and psychiatric care services to residents living within the five suburbs of Auburn, Holroyd, Parramatta, Blacktown, and Baulkhaum Hills in the area of Western Sydney. The population of this area is multi-cultural with nearly one-third of the population born overseas and thirty percent speaking a language other than English. The area's population also differs from the population of New South Wales in other demographic characteristics. Table 1 shows some of these differences, although the data do not always allow direct comparisons. These differences have presented the management and staff of St. James Hospital with special socio-cultural, financial, and communication challenges.
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Patti, Charles H. "St. James Hospital: A Case in Crisis Management." Journal of the Australian and New Zealand Academy of Management 9, no. 2 (January 2003): 75–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.5172/jmo.2003.9.2.75.
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This definitely was not the type of day that St. James Hospital CEO, Paul Ryan, was expecting. As the groundbreaking ceremonies for the Hospital's new addition were about to begin, Paul found himself facing an unsympathetic press and an angry group of protesters. Clearly, he had a crisis on his hands.St. James Hospital in Parramatta (Western Sydney area of New South Wales, Australia) is a 400-bed multi-specialty community hospital providing ambulatory care, acute care, and psychiatric care services to residents living within the five suburbs of Auburn, Holroyd, Parramatta, Blacktown, and Baulkhaum Hills in the area of Western Sydney. The population of this area is multi-cultural with nearly one-third of the population born overseas and thirty percent speaking a language other than English. The area's population also differs from the population of New South Wales in other demographic characteristics. Table 1 shows some of these differences, although the data do not always allow direct comparisons. These differences have presented the management and staff of St. James Hospital with special socio-cultural, financial, and communication challenges.
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Lupton, Deborah. "Back to Bedlam? Chelmsford and the Press." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 27, no. 1 (March 1993): 140–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/00048679309072133.
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The Australian press played a vital part in bringing the events at Chelmsford Private Hospital to the attention of the general public, and in pressuring the New South Wales government to institute a Royal Commission into Deep Sleep Therapy. This paper describes the ways in which the press brought Chelmsford events onto the public agenda. It pays particular attention to aspects of the press coverage of the findings of the Royal Commission. The paper identifies the discourses concerning psychiatric care, the doctor-patient relationship and the role of the government in regulating the medical profession which were dominant in press accounts of Chelmsford. It is argued that while pre-existing stereotypes about mad psychiatrists and asylums were used to describe Chelmsford, more confronting ideas concerning the need for medical regulation and patient consumerism received press attention and therefore a public airing. The implications for psychiatric care in Australia are examined.
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Hazell, Philip, Titia Sprague, and Joanne Sharpe. "Psychiatric hospital treatment of children and adolescents in New South Wales, Australia: 12-year trends." BJPsych Open 2, no. 1 (January 2016): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjpo.bp.115.000794.
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BackgroundIt is preferable that children and adolescents requiring in-patient care for mental health problems are managed in age-appropriate facilities. To achieve this, nine specialist Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services (CAMHS) in-patient units have been commissioned in New South Wales (NSW) since 2002.AimsTo examine trends in child and adolescent in-patient admissions since the opening of these CAMHS units.MethodAnalysis of separation data for under 18-year-olds to CAMHS, adult mental health and paediatric units for the period 2002 to 2013 in NSW, comparing districts with and without specialist CAMHS units.ResultsSeparations from CAMHS, adult and paediatric units rose with time, but there was no interaction between time and health district type (with/without CAMHS unit). Five of eight health districts experienced increased separations of under 18-year-olds from adult units in the year of opening a CAMHS unit. Separations from related paediatric units increased in three of seven health districts.ConclusionsOpening CAMHS units may be followed by a temporary increase in separations of young people from adult units, but it does not influence the flow of patients to non-CAMHS facilities in the longer term.
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Bell, Maureen. "From the 1870s to the 1970s: the Changing Face of Public Psychiatry in South Australia." Australasian Psychiatry 11, no. 1 (March 2003): 79–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1440-1665.2003.00513.x.
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Objective: To give an overview of the development of psychiatric services in South Australia from the 1870s to the 1970s, to describe some of the milestones in their progress, and to demonstrate that many of the guiding principles of contemporary services can be found to have their roots in this period. Conclusions: Psychiatric services in South Australia progressed in fits and starts, but not for want of commitment and concern by those responsible for the care of the mentally ill. While in broad outline the development of services followed the course taken in other states, it is clear that the individual efforts of staff of the hospitals and a number of members of the public played an important role in improving the conditions and treatment of those with a mental illness, and laying the foundations for the movement of psychiatric services from their early isolationist position into the general health arena.
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Spittal, Matthew J., Fiona Shand, Helen Christensen, Lisa Brophy, and Jane Pirkis. "Community mental health care after self-harm: A retrospective cohort study." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 51, no. 7 (November 12, 2016): 727–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0004867416676366.
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Objective: Presentation to hospital after self-harm is an opportunity to treat underlying mental health problems. We aimed to describe the pattern of mental health contacts following hospital admission focusing on those with and without recent contact with community mental health services (connected and unconnected patients). Methods: We undertook a data linkage study of all individuals admitted as a general or psychiatric inpatient to hospital after self-harm in New South Wales, Australia, between 2005 and 2011. We identified the proportion of admissions where the patient received subsequent in-person community mental health care within 30 days of discharge and the factors associated with receipt of that care. Results: A total of 42,353 individuals were admitted to hospital for self-harm. In 41% of admissions, the patient had contact with a community mental health service after discharge. Patients connected with community mental health services had 5.33 (95% confidence interval = [5.09, 5.59]) times higher odds of follow-up care than unconnected patients. Other factors, such as increasing age and treatment as a psychiatric inpatient, were associated with lower odds of follow-up community care. Conclusion: Our study suggests that full advantage is not being taken of the opportunity to provide comprehensive mental health care for people who self-harm once they have been discharged from the inpatient setting. This is particularly the case for those who have not previously received community mental health care. There appears to be scope for system-level improvement in the way in which those who are treated for self-harm are followed up in the community.
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Hafner, R. J., J. Lammersma, R. Ferris, and M. Cameron. "The Use of Seclusion: A Comparison of Two Psychiatric Intensive Care Units." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 23, no. 2 (June 1989): 235–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/00048678909062140.
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The use of seclusion within a psychiatric intensive care unit in a South Australian metropolitan mental hospital was documented over a ten week period. The seclusion rate within the unit was 32% of all admissions and 34% of new admissions. The overall seclusion rate for the hospital was 5.4% of all admissions and 6.3% of new admissions, somewhat higher than in the United Kingdom but considerably lower than in the Eastern United States. A comparison was then made between consecutive new admissions (30 secluded and 30 non-secluded) to this unit and to a similar unit without a seclusion room in the other mental hospital in the State. Although seclusion offered no clear advantages in terms of duration of admission, levels of medication or relapse rates, it appeared to reduce the level of dangerousness in the unit, thereby enhancing staff morale. The overall mean daily total of neuroleptic medication was about 1,200 mg chlorpromazine equivalent, somewhat less than in comparable units in the United States and Europe.
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Iyer, Reena, David Smith, and Sharon Lawn. "An audit of the management of nicotine withdrawal in an Australian inpatient unit: are we there yet?" Australasian Psychiatry 26, no. 1 (October 2, 2017): 13–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1039856217732481.
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Objectives: This paper reports outcomes of a clinical audit of smoke-free policy implementation within an Australian inpatient psychiatric setting. It aimed to evaluate assessment of smoking status and subsequent management of nicotine withdrawal, and investigate any patient factors influencing these processes. Methods: A total of 67 medical case notes were retrospectively analysed for inpatients admitted to psychiatric units of a general hospital in South Australia, from July to September 2015. Patient demographic variables and information from the hospital’s Smoking Assessment and Management Form (SAMF) were recorded. Data analysis involved descriptive statistics and Chi-square tests of association between dependent variables (how the SAMF was completed) and independent variables (sex, voluntary status, diagnosis). Results: The SAMF was implemented for most patients (76.1%), with 64.71% completed within 24 hours of admission; though, many were incomplete. Nicotine dependence was not properly assessed for 42.3% of smokers; 69.23% were prescribed nicotine replacement therapy (NRT), despite most scoring moderate to high nicotine dependence. No statistically significant relationships were found between patient factors and form completion. Conclusions: SAMF completion was timely for most patients; however, sections important for determining support actions remained largely incomplete, suggesting patients’ nicotine withdrawal is not being adequately addressed. More work is needed to improve inpatient staff’s assessment to ensure optimal care.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Psychiatric hospital care South Australia"
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Dawood, Nisaar Ahmed. "Documenting of care arrangements for children of mothers admitted to a psychiatric hospital: A South African case study." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/29655.
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Background: Enquiring about and documenting care arrangements for children of inpatient mothers with mental illness is paramount. Failure to do so could have a negative impact on the well-being of their children. Documenting care arrangements on admission signals good practice on the part of the admitting medical staff and ensures compliance with the requirements of the South African Children’s Act of 2004. This study explores the current practice at a large government run tertiary female inpatient psychiatric unit in Cape Town, regarding the enquiring and documenting practice within the first 24 hours of admission, of these care arrangements. Methods: The study is a cross sectional study using a mixed methods approach including: i) a case note audit of 100 consecutive patient folders examining the documentation of care arrangements within the first 24 hours of admission and ii) a structured self-administered questionnaire to professional staff working on the unit. Results: A total of 87 clinical folders were audited. Ninety nine percent of these folders had written down in them whether the women had children or not. Fifty eight percent of women had minor children and had 87 children between them. Fifteen percent of women had no care arrangements documented and 20% of women had unclear documentation of care arrangements. Fifteen completed staff questionnaires were returned. All staff agreed that it was important to ask the mothers about care arrangements. Conclusion: Significant more women that those identified on admission may have children who may have been in unsafe care arrangements at the time of their admission. There is room for improving the clarity of documenting of care arrangements and the enquiring into the specific care arrangements.
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Kock, Elizabeth. "De-institutionalisation of people with mental illness and intellectual disability : the family perspective." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/2231.
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Thesis (MPhil (Sociology and Social Anthropology))--University of Stellenbosch, 2009.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: South Africa has transformed its mental health service provision from in-hospital care to community-based rehabilitation. Although the idea is sound, the process places the caregiving families under an immense pressure. The aim of this study was to explore the impact that the de-institutionalisation process has had on the families as they care for their child with intellectual disability. The study was conducted by means of qualitative, unstructured interviews with families that have had a child de-institutionalised from Alexandra Hospital in the Western Cape. All of the patients were diagnosed with a dual diagnosis of intellectual disability and mental illness. Even though the patients were in group-homes or attended a day care centre, final responsibility for the patients lay with the parents. Three main themes emerged from the interviews that describe the impact of deinstitutionalisation, viz. the characteristics of the family member with intellectual disability (aggressive, abusive and self-destructive behaviour of the patient), the effect that these characteristics had on the family (marital stress and health risks to the care giver), and community and resource factors. The study placed the family central to its environment and discussed the impact deinstitutionalisation had on its environment as a whole. It was concluded that the burden that de-institutionalisation places on the families far exceeded their ability to cope with these circumstances. This status quo could be improved if adequate resources and skills are given to families prior to de-institutional
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: In Suid-Afrika is geestesgesondheidsorg van hospitaliserende na gemeenskapsgebaseerde rehabilitasie, omskep. Terwyl hierdie stap wel as lewensvatbaar mag voorkom, plaas die proses ‘n hewige las op die sorggewende gesin. Die doel van hierdie studie was om die omvang van die impak hiervan op ‘n gesin met ’n lid met intellektuele gestremdheid en psiegiatriese siekte, te bepaal – nadat so ‘n pasient uit die inrigting ontslaan is. Die ondersoek is uitgevoer by wyse van kwalitatiewe, ongestruktureerde onderhoude met gesinne wie se lede met die diagnose uitgeplaas is deur die Alexandra Hospitaal in die Wes-Kaap. Elkeen van die pasïente is gediagnoseer met ernstige intellektuele gestremdheid, asook bykomende gedragsafwykings. Ten spyte van die feit dat die betrokke pasïente deur groepshuise of dagsorg eenhede versorg word, bly hulle hul ouers se verantwoordelikheid. Drie temas het ontstaan wat die impak van ontslag uit die inrigting omskryf, te wete die karaktertrekke van die gestremde gesinslid (aggressie, misbruikende en vernielsugtige gedrag van die pasïent), die effek van hierdie karaktertrekke op die gesin (stres op die huwelik en potensiële gesondheidsrisiko wat dit vir die versorger inhou), en die gemeenskap en ondersteunende faktore. Tydens die ondersoek is die gesin sentraal geplaas ten opsigte van die omgewing. Die impak van ontslag van die gediagnoseerde pasïent uit die inrigting op die omgewing as geheel, word bespreek. Daar is tot die slotsom gekom dat die vermoë van die gesin wat die las moet dra as gevolg van die ontslag, ver oorspan word. Hierdie toedrag van sake sou egter verlig kon word indien toereikende hulpbronne en vaardighede aan sulke gesinne beskikbaar gestel word alvorens so ‘n pasïent ontslaan is.
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Kordes, Doris. "The arts of care in an asylum and a community 1925-2004: Kenmore Hospital, New South Wales and Canberra, the Australian Capital Territory." Phd thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/155196.
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This thesis examines the arts of care in an asylum in New South
Wales (NSW) and a mental health community in the Australian
Capital Territory in twentieth-century Australia, and describes
and compares a range of governmental responses for responding to
persons deemed to be in need of care. The thesis explores
similarities between twentieth-century Australian care techniques
and the key principles underpinning a ‘care system’ that was
developed over 200 years ago. It proposes three twentieth-century
care regimes, each one characteristic of a certain period: Herd
Care, set in an asylum era that emphasised custodialism and
confinement (1925-1958); Therapeutic Community, a period during
which the asylum was reconfigured into a facilitative community
(1959-1983); and Community Care, beginning around 1983, when NSW
asylums were ‘rationalised’, their care techniques fragmented
and outsourced in diverse settings generally referred to
collectively as the mental health community.
Some of the dynamics, continuities and ruptures in
twentieth-century care regimes are analysed. Chapters describe
the landscapes of care. They explore how environmental settings
have been designed to reinforce the care regimes in which they
are mobilised and how they ‘make up’ the possibilities for
action of the subject of care. The dynamics of care between care
providers and their recipients are examined. Some of the
continuities and discontinuities of meanings associated with
‘family’ and ‘community’ in each of the care regimes are
observed. Fieldwork findings are combined with the cultural
narrative of psychiatric primitivism to consider why subjects
have been deemed in need of care, at times in need of protection
and training and at other times in need of discipline and
restraint. The new possibilities for action that have emerged in
Australian twentieth-century mental health governance are
considered, when subjects of care have been encouraged to learn
how to be free
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Arbee, Feroza. "A retrospective record review of mental health care users who abscond from a psychiatric hospital." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/15291.
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Thesis (M.Med.(Psychiatry))--University of the Witwatersrand, Faculty of Health Sciences, 2014.Introduction Absconding from psychiatric facilities has socioeconomic implications. The aetiology is multifactorial. Absconding patients are at higher risk of self-harm, violence, non-adherence, relapses, substance use and negative media attention. Identification of potential absconders would assist with risk assessment and prevention. Methods A retrospective record review was conducted of all absconds from a tertiary psychiatric hospital over one year. An abscond rate and a profile were formulated. In addition, trends were identified since the inception of democracy and deinstitutionalization. Results 97 patients absconded 108 times during the study period, 7 having absconded more than once. The absconding rate was 7.83%. The typical absconder is: single, unemployed male, in his early 30’s, known to psychiatric services, diagnosed with schizophrenia and co-morbid substance use. The typical absconder is more likely to be a forensic patient not returning from an official leave of absence. Conclusion The study defines the profile of the typical absconder. The abscond rate has decreased to half that of a previous study by Siwinska (1993). Mental health care users are being treated in a less restrictive manner and this results in less absconds and a change in the method of absconds. This has implications for clinical practice.
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Brown, Garfield Augustine. "An ethnographic exploration of psychological treatment and training in a psychiatric hospital." Thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/2290.
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Within the framework of ethnography, an inquiry was made into the many dimensions of psychological treatment and training in a psychiatric hospital, with particular reference to State Patients. Ethnography is the study of an intact cultural or social group based mainly on observations over a prolonged period of time in which the researcher is a participant. The multicultural aspects of the therapeutic community were also inquired into. Ethnographic data was collected and processed over a period of 16 years in three psychiatric hospitals, the main source of data gathered from Weskoppies Hospital in Pretoria. The ecosystemic psychotherapeutic perspective was used as a meta-model to describe eight therapeutic approaches in which intern-psychologists were trained. The hospital is described as a therapeutic community in which rehabilitation is a multi-professional responsibility. Each profession, or sub-culture, has its own framework and culture in which it works within the broader system of the psychiatric hospital. Ethical considerations and recommendations are levelled at the academic and practical aspects of clinical psychology, hospital management, and different levels of government.Psychology
D.Litt. et Phil.
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Dor, Marlene. "An analysis of referrals received by a psychiatric unit in a general hospital." Diss., 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/18021.
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The study sought to analyse the referrals received by a psychiatric unit in a general hospital in the Western Cape by studying the referral letters and the referral responses. The study sought to determine which departments were referring patients and which patients were being referred. The completeness and appropriateness of the referrals were also studied. The major inferences drawn from this study are that health care workers have a poor concept of what information the psychiatric units needs and about the scope and function of the unit.
The poor feedback from the psychiatric unit to the referral source is indicative of the poor communication amongst the health care team members.Health Studies
M.A. (Advanced Nursing Sciences)
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Grech, Carol Margaret. "Coronial inquiries into fatal adverse events in South Australian hospitals : from inquest to practice / Carol Grech." 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/22153.
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"October 2004"Includes bibliographical references (leaves 313-337)
x, 337 leaves : ill. (col.), maps (col.) ; 30 cm.
Title page, contents and abstract only. The complete thesis in print form is available from the University Library.
Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Public Health, 2004
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Grech, Carol Margaret. "Coronial inquiries into fatal adverse events in South Australian hospitals : from inquest to practice / Carol Grech." Thesis, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/22153.
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Smith, Terrence Gordon, University of Western Sydney, of Arts Education and Social Sciences College, and School of Humanities. "'With tact, intelligence and a special acquaintance with the insane' : a history of the development of mental health care(nursing) in New South Wales, Australia, Colonisation to Federation 1788 - 1901." 2005. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/31368.
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During the earliest days of the penal colony in New South Wales in 1788, the plight of the mentally ill was given little consideration by the governing authorities, particularly the convict insane, who lived (and died) by their wits and suffered cruel punishment if their behaviour was seen as recalcitrant. This thesis traces a history of mental health carers (nursing) from the foundation of the penal colony until the Federation of the Australian colonies to form a nation in 1901. The research makes a contribution to the profession of mental health nursing by providing an understanding of the origins and development of that profession in New South Wales. The thesis also examines ways in which the historic development of mental health nursing has influenced the work of mental health nurses and nursing in the present, and exposes recurrent dominant issues of the past which will, if they remain unaddressed, continue to influence that profession in the future.Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
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Khumalo, Tsakani Adonia. "The perceptions of mental health care users regarding the factors leading to their re-admissions at Letaba Hospital in Limpopo Province." Diss., 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11602/369.
Full textBooks on the topic "Psychiatric hospital care South Australia"
1
Cawte, John. The last of the lunatics. Carlton, Vic: Melbourne University Press, 1998.
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2
Hungerford, Catherine, Donna Hodgson, Richard Clancy, Chris Hart, and Anthony Harrison. Mental Health Care: An Introduction for Health Professionals in Australia. Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, John, 2014.
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3
Counting the Rivers. Wakefield Press, 1998.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Psychiatric hospital care South Australia"
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Gournay, Kevin. "Psychiatric nursing techniques." In New Oxford Textbook of Psychiatry, 1403–8. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199696758.003.0177.
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Psychiatric nursing as an entity has really only evolved since the Second World War. Psychiatric nurses (now often referred to as mental health nurses in the United Kingdom and Australasia) can now be found in most countries of the developed world, although in the developing world, psychiatric nursing is still not defined as a specific discipline. In many countries, psychiatric hospitals are still staffed by untrained ‘Attendants’ who may have some supervision from general trained nurses. Nevertheless, a number of initiatives, notably those of the Geneva Initiative in Psychiatry in Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union and the World Health Organization in African countries, have provided specific training in psychiatric nursing techniques. The development of psychiatric nursing across the world needs to be seen in the context of changing and evolving patterns of mental health care. De-institutionalization, with the attendant setting up of community mental health teams, has prompted a range of innovations in psychiatric nursing and the psychiatric nurse of today, who in the United States and Europe is likely to be a university graduate, is a very different person to that of the nurse working in the post-Second World War asylums of 40 years ago. In this chapter, we examine the development of psychiatric nursing in some detail and particularly emphasize the role of psychiatric nurses working in the community. Community psychiatric nursing first developed in the United Kingdom nearly 50 years ago and this model has been followed in countries such as Australia and New Zealand. However, this community role has not developed to any great extent in the United States, where the main presence of psychiatric nursing remains in hospital-based care. Furthermore, in the United Kingdom and Australasia, the development of community initiatives has seen the role of the psychiatric nurse blurring with that of other mental health professionals. Chapters such as this cannot really do justice to the whole range of techniques used by psychiatric nurses; neither can it examine in any detail the differences between psychiatric nursing practices across the world. However, a description of psychiatric nursing in six important areas will provide the reader with an appreciation of the range and diversity of psychiatric nursing skills:♦ Inpatient care ♦ Psychosocial interventions in the community ♦ Prescribing and medication management ♦ Cognitive behaviour therapy ♦ Primary care ♦ Psychiatric nursing in the developing world.