Journal articles: 'Pseudorandom binary sequence'

1

Gyarmati, Katalin. "Concatenation of Legendre symbol sequences." Studia Scientiarum Mathematicarum Hungarica 48, no. 2 (June 1, 2011): 193–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/sscmath.48.2011.2.1150.

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In the applications it may occur that our initial pseudorandom binary sequence is not long enough, thus we have to take the concatenation of it with another pseudorandom binary sequences. Here we will consider concatenation of Legendre symbol sequences so that the resulting longer sequence has strong pseudorandom properties.

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Sárközy, András. "A finite pseudorandom binary sequence." Studia Scientiarum Mathematicarum Hungarica 38, no. 1-4 (May 1, 2001): 377–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/sscmath.38.2001.1-4.28.

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In a series of papers Mauduit and Sárközy studied finite pseudorandom sequences. In particular, in Part I they showed that the Legendre symbol forms an 'ideally good' pseudorandom sequence. In other parts of the series numerous other binary sequences have been tested for pseudorandomness but neither of them proved to be as 'good' as the Legendre symbol. Here another 'very good' sequence is constructed by using the notion of index.

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Qi, Yuchan, and Huaning Liu. "Binary sequences and lattices constructed by discrete logarithms." AIMS Mathematics 7, no. 3 (2022): 4655–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/math.2022259.

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<abstract><p>In 1997, Mauduit and Sárközy first introduced the measures of pseudorandomness for binary sequences. Since then, many pseudorandom binary sequences have been constructed and studied. In particular, Gyarmati presented a large family of pseudorandom binary sequences using the discrete logarithms. Ten years later, to satisfy the requirement from many applications in cryptography (e.g., in encrypting "bit-maps'' and watermarking), the definition of binary sequences is extended from one dimension to several dimensions by Hubert, Mauduit and Sárközy. They introduced the measure of pseudorandomness for this kind of several-dimension binary sequence which is called binary lattices. In this paper, large families of pseudorandom binary sequences and binary lattices are constructed by both discrete logarithms and multiplicative inverse modulo $ p $. The upper estimates of their pseudorandom measures are based on estimates of either character sums or mixed exponential sums.</p></abstract>

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Šajić, Slavko, Nebojša Maletić, Branislav M. Todorović, and Milan Šunjevarić. "Random Binary Sequences in Telecommunications." Journal of Electrical Engineering 64, no. 4 (June 1, 2013): 230–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jee-2013-0033.

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Realization of modern telecommunication systems is inconceivable without use of different binary sequences. In this paper, an overview of random binary sequences used in different telecommunication systems is given. Basic principles of pseudorandom, chaotic, and true random sequence generation are presented, as well as their application in telecommunications in respect to advantages and drawbacks of the same. Moreover, particular scheme for true random binary sequence generation is given, as well as results of randomness assessment obtained by NIST statistical test suite. Finally, short insight into importance of random binary sequence in secure communications is given.

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Fei Xiang and Shui-Sheng Qiu. "Analysis on Stability of Binary Chaotic Pseudorandom Sequence." IEEE Communications Letters 12, no. 5 (May 2008): 337–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lcomm.2008.080133.

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Chen, Bin. "A Research Development in Autocorrelation of Nonlinear Pseudorandom Sequences." Advanced Materials Research 566 (September 2012): 115–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.566.115.

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Nonlinear continuous value sequences have been widely used as pseudorandom sequences, but their autocorrelation rules make us puzzled. Yet the nonlinear continuous value sequences are neither same as the well known binary sequences, nor same as the well known noise sequences. So we have to find other effective methods to study the autocorrelation rules of nonlinear sequence. In this paper, we introduced a phase space method to study their autocorrelation rules, and some simple yet effective conclusions were reached to assess and improve their autocorrelation performances. Many simulations were presented, too.

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A. Moniem, Tamer. "All-Optical Pseudorandom Binary Sequence (PRBS) Generator Using The Hardlimiters." JES. Journal of Engineering Sciences 41, no. 1 (January 1, 2013): 183–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/jesaun.2013.114701.

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8

Collins, Alan D., and Bharat B. Sawhney. "Pseudorandom binary sequence stimulation applied to the visual evoked response." Documenta Ophthalmologica 83, no. 2 (June 1993): 163–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01206214.

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Chattopadhyay, Tanay, Tamer A. Moniem, and Hirak Kumar Maity. "All-optical pseudorandom binary sequence (PRBS) generator using the hardlimiters." Optik 124, no. 20 (October 2013): 4252–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijleo.2012.12.072.

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Litvinov, V. S., and D. M. Bildziuk. "Correlation properties of binary pseudorandom sequence based on residue number system." Doklady BGUIR, no. 5 (July 3, 2019): 38–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.35596/1729-7648-2019-123-5-38-44.

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Borbély, József, and András Sárközy. "Quasi-Random Graphs, Pseudo-Random Graphs and Pseudorandom Binary Sequences, I. (Quasi-Random Graphs)." Uniform distribution theory 14, no. 2 (December 1, 2019): 103–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/udt-2019-0017.

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AbstractIn the last decades many results have been proved on pseudo-randomness of binary sequences. In this series our goal is to show that using many of these results one can also construct large families of quasi-random, pseudo-random and strongly pseudo-random graphs. Indeed, it will be proved that if the first row of the adjacency matrix of a circulant graph forms a binary sequence which possesses certain pseudorandom properties (and there are many large families of binary sequences known with these properties), then the graph is quasi-random, pseudo-random or strongly pseudo-random, respectively. In particular, here in Part I we will construct large families of quasi-random graphs along these lines. (In Parts II and III we will present and study constructions for pseudo-random and strongly pseudo-random graphs, respectively.)

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Ke, Pinhui, Zhifan Ye, Zhengchun Zhou, and Jian Shen. "Autocorrelation of the Modified Binary Two-Prime Sidelnikov Sequence." International Journal of Foundations of Computer Science 28, no. 04 (June 2017): 391–409. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129054117500241.

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Two-prime Sidelnikov sequence introduced by Brandstätter et al. in 2010 was shown to enjoy nice pseudorandom properties. It was shown to be balanced only in the case [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] are twin primes or [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] are cousin primes with [Formula: see text]. In the case [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] are two distinct primes, a modification of the binary two-prime Sidelnikov sequence is proposed in this paper. We show that the new defined sequence is always balanced. And we also study the autocorrelation of the new defined sequence showing that it possesses nice autocorrelation feature.

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Matysík, Michal, Ladislav Carbol, Zdeněk Chobola, and Iveta Plšková. "Nonlinear Acoustic Spectroscopy Method for Nondestructive Testing of Thermally Damaged Concrete." Solid State Phenomena 276 (June 2018): 128–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.276.128.

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Most concrete structures are subjected to a range of temperature corresponding to normal environmental temperatures. However, there are important cases where concrete structures may be exposed to much higher temperatures (e.g., jet aircraft engine blasts, building fires, chemical and metallurgical industrial applications in which the concrete is in close proximity to furnaces, and some nuclear power-related postulated accident conditions). Exposure of concrete to high temperatures affects its mechanical properties. In this paper we examine the dependence of the fundamental frequency on temperature to which the concrete beams were heated. Fundamental frequencies were obtained by an innovative method used Pseudorandom Binary Sequence of Maximum Length as a perturbation signal. For the verification of the results the Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity in concrete were also measured and flexural bending strengths were determined. The results show method with Pseudorandom Binary Sequence of Maximum Length as a perturbation signal as a very promising for non-destructive testing of thermally damaged concrete.

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Cathignol, Dominique Jean. "Signal-to-Clutter Ratio in Pseudo Random Doppler Flowmeter." Ultrasonic Imaging 8, no. 4 (October 1986): 272–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/016173468600800404.

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In order to increase the signal-to-noise ratio of Doppler velocimeters, several authors have proposed to use the emission of a sine wave phase modulated by a pseudorandom binary sequence with an on/off ratio equal to unity. The velocity measurement of the scatterers located in the range cell volume may be perturbed by all the other reflecting clutter targets which are moving in the ultrasonic field. The ratio between the Doppler signal issuing from the range cell and that from the mobile clutter targets will be defined as the signal-to-mobile clutter ratio (SCR)m. We have evaluated the (SCR)m by computing the ambiguity function of the pseudorandom binary sequence as a function of the vessel diameter, the number of phase states and the normalized particle velocity. The results show: (i) for high velocities, the (SCR)m decreases rapidly. (ii) an increase of the number of states of the code does not entail a proportional improvement in the (SCR)m because of the simultaneous decrease of the range cell;(iii) it is confirmed that pseudorandom flowmeters perform better than pulsed Doppler systems for small, even deep-lying, vessels. However, they do not allow for a precise velocity measurement in the case of vessel diameters larger than three Centimeters.

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Yang, Xian-wei, Xue-qiu Zhan, Hong-juan Kang, and Ying Luo. "Fast Software Implementation of Serial Test and Approximate Entropy Test of Binary Sequence." Security and Communication Networks 2021 (September 16, 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/1375954.

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In many cryptographic applications, random numbers and pseudorandom numbers are required. Many cryptographic protocols require using random or pseudorandom numbers at various points, e.g., for auxiliary data in digital signatures or challenges in authentication protocols. In NIST SP800-22, the focus is on the need for randomness for encryption purposes and describes how to apply a set of statistical randomness tests. These tests can be used to evaluate the data generated by cryptographic algorithms. This paper will study the fast software implementation of the serial test and the approximate entropy test and propose two types of fast implementations of these tests. The first method is to follow the basic steps of these tests and replace bit operations with byte operations. Through this method, compared with the implementation of Fast NIST STS, the efficiency of the serial test and approximate entropy test is increased by 2.164 and 2.100 times, respectively. The second method is based on the first method, combining the statistical characteristics of subsequences of different lengths and further combining the two detections with different detection parameters. In this way, compared to the individual implementation of these tests, the efficiency has been significantly improved. Compared with the implementation of Fast NIST STS, the efficiency of this paper is increased by 4.078 times.

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Hughson, R. L., L. A. Cuervo, A. E. Patla, D. A. Winter, H. C. Xing, B. H. Dietrich, and G. D. Swanson. "Time domain analysis of oxygen uptake during pseudorandom binary sequence exercise tests." Journal of Applied Physiology 71, no. 4 (October 1, 1991): 1620–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1991.71.4.1620.

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Pseudorandom binary sequence (PRBS) exercise tests involve repeated switching between two work rates (WR) according to a computer-generated pattern. This paper presents an approach to analysis of O2 uptake (VO2) in the time domain. First, the autocorrelation function (ACF) of the input WR was recognized to be a triangular-shaped pulse that can be taken to be equivalent to a ramp increase followed by a ramp decrease in WR. Then the cross-correlation function of the input (WR) and the output (VO2) was treated as if it were the response to a triangular-shaped pulse. The cross-correlation function was analyzed by fitting a linear summation of the ramp form of a two-component exponential function to this triangular pulse. VO2 responses of eight subjects were obtained from two different PRBS tests, as well as step changes in WR. The first PRBS test consisted of 15 units, each 30 s in duration. Its ACF had a base width of 60 s. The ramp increase-ramp decrease model fit the data throughout the range of response. The second PRBS test had 63 units, each 5 s in duration; thus its ACF base width was 10 s. Again, the ramp model fit adequately. The data from the second PRBS test could be fit by the impulse form of the two-component exponential equation, although the fit in the first 30 s tended to be poorer. The time constants of VO2 dynamics estimated from step and PRBS tests were not significantly different. PRBS tests can be analyzed in the time domain, and the indicators of system dynamics reflect physiological properties similar to those investigated during step changes in WR.

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Zoiros, K. E., M. K. Das, D. K. Gayen, H. K. Maity, T. Chattopadhyay, and J. N. Roy. "All-optical pseudorandom binary sequence generator with TOAD-based D flip-flops." Optics Communications 284, no. 19 (September 2011): 4297–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.optcom.2011.05.007.

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18

Hughson, R. L., D. A. Winter, A. E. Patla, G. D. Swanson, and L. A. Cuervo. "Investigation of VO2 kinetics in humans with pseudorandom binary sequence work rate change." Journal of Applied Physiology 68, no. 2 (February 1, 1990): 796–801. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1990.68.2.796.

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The dynamic response of oxygen uptake (VO2) was investigated with two different cycle ergometer tests in which the work rate changed as a pseudorandom binary sequence (PRBS). One sequence had 15 units, each of 30-s duration for a total of 450 s (PRBS1). The second had 63 units, each of 5-s duration for a total of 315 s (PRBS2). The useful range of frequencies available for investigation of the dynamic characteristics of the VO2 response as described by their bandwidth were 0.002-0.013 Hz for PRBS1 and 0.003-0.089 Hz for PRBS2. Eight subjects each completed both PRBS tests. Data from four or five consecutive sequences were ensemble averaged to reduce the biological noise. A Fourier analysis was then conducted, with the range of frequencies investigated spanning those of the bandwidth for PRBS2. This was up to the 28th harmonic. For PRBS1, the VO2 response could be adequately reconstructed by including Fourier coefficients only up to the 5th harmonic. In contrast, for PRBS2, there was still a clear pattern in the residuals at the 5th harmonic. The data were not adequately reconstructed until higher-frequency components up to the 28th harmonic were included. Evidence for this came from analysis of the mean square error. The mean square error at the 28th harmonic was reduced to 83 +/- 8% of the mean square error at the 5th harmonic for PRBS1 and to 31 +/- 3% for PRBS2 (P less than 0.0001). These data obtained by Fourier analysis and reconstructed for comparison with the original VO2 response indicate the presence of a high-frequency component that was not apparent when a test with a smaller bandwidth was used as the work rate forcing.

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Hughson, Richard L., and John M. Kowalchuk. "Kinetics of Oxygen Uptake for Submaximal Exercise in Hyperoxia, Normoxia, and Hypoxia." Canadian Journal of Applied Physiology 20, no. 2 (June 1, 1995): 198–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/h95-014.

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This study evaluated the dynamic response of [Formula: see text] in 6 healthy men at the onset and end of submaximal step changes in work rate during a pseudorandom binary sequence (PRBS) exercise test and during ramp incremental exercise to exhaustion while breathing three different gas mixtures. The fractional concentrations of inspired O2 were 0.14, 0.21, and 0.70 for the hypoxic, normoxic, and hyperoxic tests, respectively. Both maximal [Formula: see text] and work rate was significantly reduced in hypoxic tests compared to normoxic and hyperoxic tests. Maximal work rate was greater in hyperoxia than in normoxia. Work rate at ventilatory threshold was lower in hypoxia than in normoxia and hyperoxia but above the upper limit of exercise for the submaximal tests. Hypoxia significantly slowed the response of [Formula: see text] both at the onset and end of exercise compared to normoxia and hyperoxia. Hypoxia also modified the response to PRBS exercise, and again there was no difference between normoxia and hyperoxia. These data support the concept that [Formula: see text] kinetics can be slowed from the normoxic response by a hypoxic gas mixture. Key words: [Formula: see text]max, ventilatory threshold, oxygen deficit, pseudorandom binary sequence

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Soria-Lorente, A., and S. Berres. "A Secure Steganographic Algorithm Based on Frequency Domain for the Transmission of Hidden Information." Security and Communication Networks 2017 (2017): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/5397082.

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This contribution proposes a novel steganographic method based on the compression standard according to the Joint Photographic Expert Group and an Entropy Thresholding technique. The steganographic algorithm uses one public key and one private key to generate a binary sequence of pseudorandom numbers that indicate where the elements of the binary sequence of a secret message will be inserted. The insertion takes eventually place at the first seven AC coefficients in the transformed DCT domain. Before the insertion of the message the image undergoes several transformations. After the insertion the inverse transformations are applied in reverse order to the original transformations. The insertion itself takes only place if an entropy threshold of the corresponding block is satisfied and if the pseudorandom number indicates to do so. The experimental work on the validation of the algorithm consists of the calculation of the peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR), the difference and correlation distortion metrics, the histogram analysis, and the relative entropy, comparing the same characteristics for the cover and stego image. The proposed algorithm improves the level of imperceptibility analyzed through the PSNR values. A steganalysis experiment shows that the proposed algorithm is highly resistant against the Chi-square attack.

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Kim, Jongwan, and Hoon Kim. "Length of Pseudorandom Binary Sequence Required to Train Artificial Neural Network Without Overfitting." IEEE Access 9 (2021): 125358–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3111092.

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Choudhary, Kuldeep, and Santosh Kumar. "Design of pseudorandom binary sequence generator using lithium-niobate-based Mach–Zehnder interferometers." Optical Engineering 56, no. 5 (May 17, 2017): 057104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/1.oe.56.5.057104.

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Challayya Naidu, Pragada Venkata Satya, and Chih-Wen Lu. "Receiver Analog Front-End Cascading Transimpedance Amplifier and Continuous-Time Linear Equalizer for Signals of 5 to 30 Gb/s." Electronics 11, no. 10 (May 12, 2022): 1546. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics11101546.

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A 5–30 Gb/s receiver analog front-end (AFE) cascading transimpedance amplifier (TIA) and continuous-time linear equalizer (CTLE) were implemented using a Taiwan Semiconductor 180 nm process. The system comprises a two-stage differential input pair CTLE, TIA, and a differential termination resistor Rm. A source-degenerated transconductance stage was adopted in the CTLE, and source follower and shunt feedback resistor stages were adopted in the TIA. The proposed CTLE could achieve high frequencies by altering the tail current with fixed degenerate capacitance CS and resistance RS. The proposed AFE achieved high bandwidth, and the use of a feedback resistor Rf and inductor Lf improved its high-frequency performance. Simulation results revealed that the CTLE can compensate for 16 dB of channel loss at a 3 GHz Nyquist frequency and can open closed eyes in a 6 Gb/s non-return-to-zero signal with a bit error rate of 0.16 × 10−12 for a 231 − 1 pseudorandom binary sequence input. The AFE could compensate for 12 dB of channel loss at a 15 GHz Nyquist frequency and can open closed eyes in a 30 Gb/s PAM4 signal from a pseudorandom binary sequence input; it consumed 27 mW of power at 1.8 V.

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Alejos, Ana Vazquez, Muhammad Dawood, and Habeeb Ur-Rahman Mohammed. "Estimation of Sidelobe Level Variations of Phased Codes in Presence of Random Interference for Bistatic Wideband Noise Radar." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2015 (2015): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/297823.

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We discuss the importance of using the sidelobe level of the cross-correlation function as a criterion to implement a noise radar based on the transmission of wideband binary waveforms. Theoretical expressions are introduced for the parameters Peak-Sidelobe, Secondary-Sidelobe, and Integrated-Sidelobe levels for both Golay and pseudorandom binary sequences in presence of additive white Gaussian noise, relating the sequence lengthMto the spectral powerN0of the interfering noise. These expressions offer a valuable method for adaptive radar waveform design in order to determine sequence requirements which allow facing the noise present in the frequency band of interest. We also show a comparison of the ambiguity functions for Golay and PRBS sequences to analyze their performance in terms of Doppler and range accuracy. We describe a practical implementation of a pseudonoise waveform-based bistatic radar with reduced sidelobe level due to the use of Golay codes in combination with single side band modulation and operation at UHF band. Experimental measurements were performed in actual scenarios for ranging test of single and double targets. Linear polarizations were combined with different length sequences to determine their influence on the sounder performance under field test conditions.

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Falih, Saad. "A Pseudorandom Binary Generator Based on Chaotic Linear Feedback Shift Register." Iraqi Journal for Electrical and Electronic Engineering 12, no. 2 (December 1, 2016): 155–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.37917/ijeee.12.2.5.

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This paper presents a simple method for the design of Chaotic Linear Feedback Shift Register (CLFSR) system. The proposed method is based on a combination of two known systems. The first is called Linear Feedback Shift Register (LFSR) system, and the other is called Chaotic Map system. The main principle of the proposed system is that, the output of the LFSR is modified by exclusive-or (XOR) it with the stream bit that is generated by using the chaotic map system to eliminate the linearity and the repeating in the output of the LFSR system. The proposed system is built under Matlab environment and the quality of sequence generation tested by using standard tests which shows that the proposed system is a good random number generator that overcome the linearity and repeating disadvantages.

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Riera, Constanza, Tapabrata Roy, Santanu Sarkar, and Pantelimon Stanica. "A Hybrid Inversive Congruential Pseudorandom Number Generator with High Period." European Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics 14, no. 1 (January 31, 2021): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.29020/nybg.ejpam.v14i1.3852.

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Though generating a sequence of pseudorandom numbers by linear methods (Lehmer generator) displays acceptable behavior under some conditions of the parameters, it also has undesirableÂ features, which makes the sequence unusable for various stochastic simulations. An extension which showed promise for such applications is a generator obtained by using a first-order recurrence based upon the inversive modulo a prime or a prime power, called inversive congruential generator (ICG). A lot of work has been dedicated to investigate the periods (under some conditions of the parameters), the lattice test passing, discrepancyÂ and other statistical properties of such a generator. Here, we propose a new method, which we call hybrid inversive congruential generator (HICG), based upon a second order recurrence using the inversive modulo M, a power of 2. We investigate the period of thisÂ pseudorandom numbers generator (PRNG) and give necessary and sufficient conditions for our PRNG to have periods M (thereby doubling the period of the classical ICG) and M/2 (matching the one of the ICG). Moreover, we show that the lattice test complexity for a binary sequence associated to (a full period) HICG is precisely M/2.

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Cagigal, N. P., and S. Bracho. "Algorithmic determination of linear-feedback in a shift register for pseudorandom binary sequence generation." IEE Proceedings G (Electronic Circuits and Systems) 133, no. 4 (1986): 191. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ip-g-1.1986.0031.

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Thonke, K., T. Baier, J. Hamann, O. Scheerer, and R. Sauer. "Time- and Energy-Resolved Emission Spectroscopy Using a Step-Scan FT Spectrometer Combined with Correlational Analysis Techniques." Applied Spectroscopy 51, no. 4 (April 1997): 548–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/0003702971940567.

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The decay of photoluminescence emission signals on the time scale from microseconds to seconds can be measured with superior dynamics and signal-to-noise ratio by a new method which makes use of correlation analysis with pseudorandom binary sequences. Instead of excitation of the sample by one short laser pulse for each decay cycle (which results in low average emission intensity), the sample is pumped with a continuous-wave laser modulated by a pseudorandom sequence with δ-function-like autocorrelation properties. Therefore, on the time average half of the exciting laser power pumps the sample, and the resulting high emission intensity allows recording of photoluminescence decays over as many as four orders of magnitude within measurement times of 10 min. When this technique is combined with a step-scan Fourier transform spectrometer, both time and energy resolution can be obtained simultaneously. For each interferometer step, the sample response to the excitation sequence is recorded, later autocorrelated digitally, and combined to interferograms for each time step, and finally Fourier transformed. With this technique, time-resolved high-sensitivity spectra can be recorded in the NIR, where only detectors with relatively poor detectivity ( D) are available, and in the visible spectral range. Preliminary results obtained from relatively slow emission processes at defects in semiconductors are presented, which show decay constants on microsecond to millisecond scales.

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Li, Jian Yong, Yan Qiu Yang, Qi Liang Tang, and Tong Wang. "A Watermarking of Two Dimensions Based on DCT." Applied Mechanics and Materials 263-266 (December 2012): 2901–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.263-266.2901.

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A watermark algorithm based on HVS in DCT domain is proposed. The original host image is scrambled with magic transform and divided into blocks and manipulates by DCT. The original image’s DCT coefficients can equably distribute in the coefficients matrix. The binary image is divided into 2×2 blocks before embedding the watermarking. Those blocks are random sequenced by the pseudorandom sequence, and then the watermarking image is scrambled by Arnold. The theory of HVS is used to decide the embedding strength under low distortion, which efficiently enhances the robustness of watermarking. The two basic factors of watermarking are robustness and invisibility. The key techniques which affect them are the means we choose to carry out digital watermarking and the watermarking structure we use.

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Alamer, Ahmed, and Ben Soh. "A new neural-network-based model for measuring the strength of a pseudorandom binary sequence." International Journal of ADVANCED AND APPLIED SCIENCES 7, no. 4 (April 2020): 29–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.21833/ijaas.2020.04.005.

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Kowalchuk, J. M., and R. L. Hughson. "Effect of ?-adrenergic blockade on $$\left( {\dot VO_2 } \right)$$ kinetics during pseudorandom binary sequence exercise." European Journal of Applied Physiology and Occupational Physiology 60, no. 5 (1990): 365–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00713500.

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Zakharova, K. O. "RESEARCH OF PARAMETERS OF ENCODING OF THE ALGORITHM WITH VARIABLE FRAGMENTATION OF THE UNIT." «System analysis and applied information science», no. 1 (June 12, 2018): 59–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.21122/2309-4923-2018-1-59-63.

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This article presents recommendations on the selection of parameters of the encryption algorithm with variable fragmentation of the block, developed on the basis of a study of the obtained results of the algorithm with different encryption parameters (p and q). The investigation of the algorithm’s work with variable block fragmentation in the selection of various parameters is performed using pseudorandom sequence testing techniques, including statistical and graphical tests on encrypted sequences using various parameters in a binary representation. The statistical test is selected from a selection of D. Knuth tests, namely the correlation check. As a graphic test, we constructed a k-gram distribution. Based on the results of the study of the operation of the algorithm with various encryption parameters (p and q), the following recommendations for the selection of parameters are formulated: p and q are mutually prime numbers, the partition of the sequence into p-subblocks is greater than the partition into q-subblocks (p > q).

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Kubo, T., T. Imaizumi, Y. Harasawa, S. Ando, T. Tagawa, T. Endo, M. Shiramoto, and A. Takeshita. "Transfer function analysis of central arc of aortic baroreceptor reflex in rabbits." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 270, no. 3 (March 1, 1996): H1054—H1062. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.1996.270.3.h1054.

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While electrically stimulating the aortic depressor nerve (ADN) pseudorandomly, we recorded renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA) and systemic arterial pressure (SAP) in 19 alpha-chloralose-anesthetized rabbits with sinoaortic denervation. From the recorded signals, we determined the transfer functions from ADN stimulation by a pseudorandom binary sequence to RSNA [HCMD.RSNA(f)] and to SAP [HCMD.SAP(f)]. The modulus of HCMD.RSNA(f) was flat over 0.0122-0.8 Hz, whereas the phase lag increased linearly with frequency. Thus the central transduction appeared not to modify the relative amplitude of the signals from the baroreflex afferents but to provide a fixed time delay (approximately 400 ms). In contrast, the modulus of HCMD.SAP(f) decreased precipitously toward high frequencies, and the degree of the phase lag was larger than that of HCMD.RSNA(f). We conclude that 1) the transfer property of the central are does not significantly modify the relative amplitude of the frequency components of the baroreflex afferents but provides a fixed time delay and 2) the frequency independence of the modulus of the transfer property is not preserved when the analysis is extended to SAP.

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Liu, Huaning, and Arne Winterhof. "Balance and Pattern Distribution of Sequences Derived from Pseudorandom Subsets of ℤ_q." Uniform distribution theory 16, no. 2 (December 1, 2021): 89–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/udt-2021-0009.

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Abstract Let q be a positive integer and 𝒮 = { x 0 , x 1 , ⋯ , x T − 1 } ⊆ ℤ q = { 0 , 1 , … , q − 1 } {\scr S} = \{{x_0},{x_1}, \cdots ,{x_{T - 1}}\}\subseteq {{\rm{\mathbb Z}}_q} = \{0,1, \ldots ,q - 1\} with 0 ≤ x 0 < x 1 < ⋯ < x T − 1 ≤ q − 1. 0 \le {x_0} < {x_1} <\cdots< {x_{T - 1}} \le q - 1. . We derive from S three (finite) sequences: (1) For an integer M ≥ 2let (sn )be the M-ary sequence defined by sn ≡ xn +1 − xn mod M, n =0, 1,...,T − 2. (2) For an integer m ≥ 2let (tn ) be the binary sequence defined by s n ≡ x n + 1 − x n mod M , n = 0 , 1 , ⋯ , T − 2. \matrix{{{s_n} \equiv {x_{n + 1}} - {x_n}\,\bmod \,M,} & {n = 0,1, \cdots ,T - 2.}\cr} n =0, 1,...,T − 2. (3) Let (un ) be the characteristic sequence of S, t n = { 1 if 1 ≤ x n + 1 − x n ≤ m − 1 , 0 , otherwise , n = 0 , 1 , … , T − 2. \matrix{{{t_n} = \left\{{\matrix{1 \hfill & {{\rm{if}}\,1 \le {x_{n + 1}} - {x_n} \le m - 1,} \hfill\cr{0,} \hfill & {{\rm{otherwise}},} \hfill\cr}} \right.} & {n = 0,1, \ldots ,T - 2.}\cr} n =0, 1,...,q − 1. We study the balance and pattern distribution of the sequences (sn ), (tn )and (un ). For sets S with desirable pseudorandom properties, more precisely, sets with low correlation measures, we show the following: (1) The sequence (sn ) is (asymptotically) balanced and has uniform pattern distribution if T is of smaller order of magnitude than q. (2) The sequence (tn ) is balanced and has uniform pattern distribution if T is approximately u n = { 1 if n ∈ 𝒮 , 0 , otherwise , n = 0 , 1 , … , q − 1. \matrix{{{u_n} = \left\{{\matrix{1 \hfill & {{\rm{if}}\,n \in {\scr S},} \hfill\cr{0,} \hfill & {{\rm{otherwise}},} \hfill\cr}} \right.} & {n = 0,1, \ldots ,q - 1.}\cr} . (3) The sequence (un ) is balanced and has uniform pattern distribution if T is approximately q 2. These results are motivated by earlier results for the sets of quadratic residues and primitive roots modulo a prime. We unify these results and derive many further (asymptotically) balanced sequences with uniform pattern distribution from pseudorandom subsets.

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Dickson, T. O., E. Laskin, I. Khalid, R. Beerkens, Jingqiong Xie, B. Karajica, and S. P. Voinigescu. "An 80-Gb/s 2/sup 31/-1 pseudorandom binary sequence generator in SiGe BiCMOS technology." IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits 40, no. 12 (December 2005): 2735–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2005.856578.

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Lehmann, A. Erik, Timur V. Filippov, Saad M. Sarwana, Dmitri E. Kirichenko, Vladimir V. Dotsenko, Anubhav Sahu, and Deepnarayan Gupta. "Embedded RSFQ Pseudorandom Binary Sequence Generator for Multichannel High-Speed Digital Data Link Testing and Synchronization." IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity 27, no. 4 (June 2017): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tasc.2017.2667408.

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Drescher, Uwe, R. Schmale, J. Koschate, L. Thieschäfer, T. Schiffer, S. Schneider, and U. Hoffmann. "Non-invasive estimation of muscle oxygen uptake kinetics with pseudorandom binary sequence and step exercise responses." European Journal of Applied Physiology 118, no. 2 (December 18, 2017): 429–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00421-017-3785-8.

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Yoshida, Takayoshi, Daijiro Abe, Yoshiyuki Fukuoka, and Richard L. Hughson. "System Analysis for Oxygen Uptake Kinetics with Step and Pseudorandom Binary Sequence Exercise in Endurance Athletes." Measurement in Physical Education and Exercise Science 12, no. 1 (January 14, 2008): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10913670701715133.

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Kim, Seung Tae, Kap-Jin Kim, Ki-Won Song, and Jae Min Ahn. "Performance of TPC based ranging signal for more than 2 services multiplexing." E3S Web of Conferences 94 (2019): 03007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20199403007.

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This paper presents signal structure and power efficiency performance for simultaneous transmission of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) service signals based on Tiered Polyphase Code (TPC). For the simultaneous transmission of three or more service signals, the intermodulation terms addition and modification of the power allocations for the signal multiplexing are applied first to the spreading signal with the binary pseudorandom noise (PRN) code and a constant envelope signal is generated. Then, Zadoff-Chu sequence is applied as a secondary code to generate a multiplexed satellite navigation signal having a constant envelope characteristic. Simulation results show that power efficiency performance of more than 80% can be achieved in three service signal multiplexing.

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Srinivas, Rajamandrapu, and Mayur N. "Image Compression and Encryption Based on Integer Wavelet Transform and Hybrid Hyperchaotic System." International Journal of Information Security and Privacy 16, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijisp.303659.

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This paper address the issue of image compression and encryption is to minimize the amount of data required to represent the images and to provide better privacy and security to the users. A joint lossless algorithm: Integer Wavelet Transform (IWT) with hybrid hyperchaotic system is proposed to enhance the security of data transmission. IWT is used to compress the images and then the encryption is performed by hybrid hyper chaotic system. A hybrid hyperchaotic system: Fractional Order Hyperchaotic Cellular Neural Network (FOHCNN) and Fractional Order Four Dimensional Modified Chua’s Circuit (FOFDMCC) is used to generate the pseudorandom sequences. The pixel substitution and scrambling is realized by Global Bit Scrambling (GBS) that improves the cipher unpredictability. In this study, Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) sequence is adopted instead of binary operation that resists the cipher images from crop attack, differential attack and salt and pepper noise. In the experimental phase, the proposed algorithm showed good performance in encryption compared to existing algorithms.

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Xia, Zhenghuan, Qunying Zhang, Shengbo Ye, Zhiwu Xu, Jie Chen, Guangyou Fang, and Hejun Yin. "Design of Wireless Automatic Synchronization for the Low-Frequency Coded Ground Penetrating Radar." Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering 2015 (2015): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/864153.

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Low-frequency coded ground penetrating radar (GPR) with a pair of wire dipole antennas has some advantages for deep detection. Due to the large distance between the two antennas, the synchronization design is a major challenge of implementing the GPR system. This paper proposes a simple and stable wireless automatic synchronization method based on our developed GPR system, which does not need any synchronization chips or modules and reduces the cost of the hardware system. The transmitter omits the synchronization preamble and pseudorandom binary sequence (PRBS) at an appropriate time interval, while receiver automatically estimates the synchronization time and receives the returned signal from the underground targets. All the processes are performed in a single FPGA. The performance of the proposed synchronization method is validated with experiment.

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Saab, Samer S., Joe Khalife, and Rayana H. Jaafar. "A Multiple-Access Time and Frequency Spectrum-Spreading Modulation." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2018 (October 25, 2018): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/8920746.

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In this paper a novel modulation scheme called Carrier Interleaved Multiple Access (CIMA) is proposed. CIMA provides an alternative for multiple-access modulation accommodating resistance to noise and channel interference. The approach is based on polar signaling modulated with an FM-like composite sinusoidal function. The user assigned frequency deviation and modulation index are strictly related and unique. The latter parameters are generated using a nontraditional pseudorandom noise generator (PRNG). This PRNG provides CIMA with low interference capability between cochannels and adjacent channels. CIMA can be considered for a single-user or multiple-access technique. Selected CIMA characteristics are presented. In order to numerically illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed modulation scheme, the performance of CIMA is compared with the conventional direct-sequence spread spectrum binary phase-shift keying (DSSS-BPSK) modulation.

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Cho, Ming-Yuan, and Thi Thom Hoang. "Feature Selection and Parameters Optimization of SVM Using Particle Swarm Optimization for Fault Classification in Power Distribution Systems." Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience 2017 (2017): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/4135465.

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Fast and accurate fault classification is essential to power system operations. In this paper, in order to classify electrical faults in radial distribution systems, a particle swarm optimization (PSO) based support vector machine (SVM) classifier has been proposed. The proposed PSO based SVM classifier is able to select appropriate input features and optimize SVM parameters to increase classification accuracy. Further, a time-domain reflectometry (TDR) method with a pseudorandom binary sequence (PRBS) stimulus has been used to generate a dataset for purposes of classification. The proposed technique has been tested on a typical radial distribution network to identify ten different types of faults considering 12 given input features generated by using Simulink software and MATLAB Toolbox. The success rate of the SVM classifier is over 97%, which demonstrates the effectiveness and high efficiency of the developed method.

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Palacios-Luengas, Leonardo, Gonzalo Isaac Duchen-Sánchez, José Luis Aragón-Vera, and Rubén Vázquez-Medina. "Digital Noise Generator Design Using Inverted 1D Tent Chaotic Map." VLSI Design 2012 (October 4, 2012): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/849120.

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This paper shows a digital noise generator designed in FPGA, based on a variant of the one-dimensional (1D) chaotic tent map (T-1D). The T-1D map is a piecewise linear 1D chaotic map that defines the statistical behavior of the generated sequences using its control parameter. In this way, the proposed noise generator is a highly competitive alternative in cryptographic systems when the statistical behavior of the sequences is closer to the uniform statistical distribution. The proposed system uses the inverted tent chaotic map (IT-1D), which has the same statistical behavior as the T-1D map. The fundamental algorithm used in this system was developed based on a 64-bit double precision format according to the numerical representation of floating point numbers defined in the IEEE-754 standard. The proposed system is analized using mechanical statistic tools and some statistical tests defined in the NIST 800-22SP (USA) standard. The main contribution of this work is the possibility of generating binary sequence of pseudorandom appearance by a procedure implemented in an FPGA device that translates real numbers to natural numbers preserving the statistical properties of sequences of real numbers that can be generated with the tent chaotic map in its original definition domain.

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Greco, E. C., H. Baier, and A. Saez. "Transient ventilatory and heart rate responses to moderate nonabrupt pseudorandom exercise." Journal of Applied Physiology 60, no. 5 (May 1, 1986): 1524–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1986.60.5.1524.

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Dynamic responses of inspired minute ventilation, CO2 and O2 end-tidal gas fractions, and heart rate were obtained from six normal human volunteers in response to a complex dynamic exercise challenge. Subjects pedalled a chair ergometer at constant frequency. The retarding torque applied to the ergometer pedals was controlled by a low-pass-filtered pseudorandom binary sequence (fPRBS), which provided a complex, nonanticipatory exercise stimulus containing sufficient high- and low-frequency energy to excite the small signal, broadband ventilatory response. The exercise range was chosen to produce a mean level of O2 consumption at or below 50% maximum O2 consumption. Cross-covariant analysis of the fPRBS exercise with breath-by-breath ventilation provided an estimate of the dynamic (impulse) response to exercise, which contained both fast phase 1 and slow phase 2 components. The initial, phase one, hyperpnea occurred within the same breath as the exercise transition and preceded a hypocapnic response. The phase one hyperpnea represented 26% of the total ventilatory response. The secondary, phase 2, hyperpnea was delayed several breaths from the onset of phase 1. It contained slower dynamics and followed a hypercapnic response. Heart rate increased abruptly during phase 1, peaked near the phase 1-to-2 boundary, and then decreased rapidly. The experimental protocol was designed to minimize the subjective response and provide an adequate stimulus for the faster time constants. Results obtained from these experiments were consistent with a nonhumoral induced phase 1 exercise hyperpnea.

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Momose, K. "Relationship between the Binary Kernels of Visually Evoked Potentials and the Visual Responses on the Magnocellular and Parvocellular Pathways." Methods of Information in Medicine 46, no. 02 (2007): 169–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1625401.

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Summary Objectives : To investigate the nonlinear characteristics of visual evoked potentials (VEPs), and their correlation with the visual responses on parvocellular and magnocellular pathways. First and second-order kernels of the VEPs elicited by several checkerboard patterns were estimated, and their relations to the visual pathway responses were investigated. Methods : VEPs elicited by checkerboard pattern (0.5, 1.0, 2.0 and 4.0 c/d) alternating based on pseudorandom binary sequence were measured, and thei binary kernels were calculated. First and second-order binary kernels were compared with amplitudes o the steady-state VEPs (S-VEPs) to pattern reversal stimulation with a constant temporal frequency (4, 8, 12, 16, and 32 Hz). Results : Positive peak latencies at 150 ms (P150) of second-order first and second slices were correlated with S-VEP amplitude for higher temporal frequencies, indicating that the first and second slices reflect the response of the magnocellular. However, for second and third slices, their amplitudes were partially correlated with 4-16 Hz S-VEP, and this indicated that the second slice contains both magno- and parvocellular pathway responses. P150 latencies of third slices were correlated with S-VEP for lower temporal frequencies, indicating that third slice reflects the response of the parvocellular pathway. Conclusions : The lower slices of second-order binary kernels reflect the response of the magnocellular pathway and the higher slices reflect those on the parvocellular pathway in the human visual system of VEPs.

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Srinivas, Rajamandrapu, and N. Mayur. "Image compression and encryption based on integer wavelet transform and hybrid hyperchaotic system." Multiagent and Grid Systems 17, no. 3 (December 20, 2021): 219–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/mgs-210351.

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Compression and encryption of images are emerging as recent topics in the area of research to improve the performance of data security. A joint lossless image compression and encryption algorithm based on Integer Wavelet Transform (IWT) and the Hybrid Hyperchaotic system is proposed to enhance the security of data transmission. Initially, IWT is used to compress the digital images and then the encryption is accomplished using the Hybrid Hyperchaotic system. A Hybrid Hyperchaotic system; Fractional Order Hyperchaotic Cellular Neural Network (FOHCNN) and Fractional Order Four-Dimensional Modified Chua’s Circuit (FOFDMCC) is used to generate the pseudorandom sequences. The pixel substitution and scrambling are realized simultaneously using Global Bit Scrambling (GBS) that improves the cipher unpredictability and efficiency. In this study, Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) sequence is adopted instead of a binary operation, which provides high resistance to the cipher image against crop attack and salt-and-pepper noise. It was observed from the simulation outcome that the proposed Hybrid Hyperchaotic system with IWT demonstrated more effective performance in image compression and encryption compared with the existing models in terms of parameters such as unified averaged changed intensity, a number of changing pixels rate, and correlation coefficient.

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Beltrame, Thomas, and Richard L. Hughson. "Aerobic system analysis based on oxygen uptake and hip acceleration during random over-ground walking activities." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 312, no. 1 (January 1, 2017): R93—R100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00381.2016.

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Deteriorated aerobic response to moderate exercise might precede the manifestation of clinical symptoms of noncommunicable diseases. The purpose of the current study was to verify that the use of current wearable technologies for analysis of pulmonary oxygen uptake (V̇o2) dynamics during a pseudorandom ternary sequence (PRTS) over-ground walking protocol is a suitable procedure for the investigation of the aerobic response in more realistic settings. A wearable accelerometer located at the hip assessed the magnitude of the input changes delivered to the aerobic system. Eight adults (24 ± 4 yr old, 174 ± 7 cm, and 71.4 ± 7.4 kg) performed two identical PRTS over-ground walking protocols. In addition, they performed on the cycle ergometer two identical pseudorandom binary sequence (PRBS) protocols and one incremental protocol for maximal V̇o2 determination. In the frequency domain, mean normalized gain amplitude (MNG in %) quantified V̇o2 dynamics. The MNG during PRTS was correlated ( r = −0.80, P = 0.01) with the V̇o2 time constant (τ) obtained during cycling. The MNG estimated during PRBS was similar to the MNG estimated during PRTS ( r = 0.80, P = 0.01). The maximal V̇o2 correlated with the MNG obtained during the PRBS ( r = 0.79, P = 0.01) and PRTS ( r = 0.78, P = 0.02) protocols. In conclusion, PRTS over-ground walking protocol can be used to evaluate the aerobic system dynamics by the simultaneous measurement of V̇o2 and hip acceleration. In addition, the aerobic response dynamics from PRBS and PRTS were correlated to maximal V̇o2. This study has shown that wearable technologies in combination with assessment of MNG, a novel indicator of system dynamics, open new possibilities to monitor cardiorespiratory health under conditions that better simulate activities of daily living than cardiopulmonary exercise testing performed in a medical environment.

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Ameur, Noura Ben. "A Low-Phase Noise ADPLL Based on a PRBS-Dithered DDS Enhancement Circuit." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 26, no. 05 (February 8, 2017): 1750076. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126617500761.

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This paper aims to design an all-digital phase-locked loop (ADPLL) intended for professional digital audio data conversion applications. The method used for designing is based on an analogy between analog PLL and ADPLL. Managing a low-jitter effect, a comparative study between discrete voltage-controlled oscillator (DVCO) and direct digital synthesis (DDS) based on a pseudorandom binary sequence (PRBS) generator is performed. The features of the design in this work are high-precision and low harmonic distortion DDS which is combined with ADPLL. For model-based design validation, a rapid register transfer level (RTL) with VHSIC hardware description language (VHDL) is practiced and the dynamic performance result indicates a significant improvement in total harmonic distortion (THD) ([Formula: see text][Formula: see text]dB) and a better resolution of 18.97[Formula: see text]bits for audio applications based on the aid of phase dithering DDS enhancement circuit.

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Liu, Guoyan, Hongjun Liu, and Abdurahman Kadir. "Wavelet-Based Color Pathological Image Watermark through Dynamically Adjusting the Embedding Intensity." Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine 2012 (2012): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/406349.

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This paper proposes a new dynamic and robust blind watermarking scheme for color pathological image based on discrete wavelet transform (DWT). The binary watermark image is preprocessed before embedding; firstly it is scrambled by Arnold cat map and then encrypted by pseudorandom sequence generated by robust chaotic map. The host image is divided inton×nblocks, and the encrypted watermark is embedded into the higher frequency domain of blue component. The mean and variance of the subbands are calculated, to dynamically modify the wavelet coefficient of a block according to the embedded 0 or 1, so as to generate the detection threshold. We research the relationship between embedding intensity and threshold and give the effective range of the threshold to extract the watermark. Experimental results show that the scheme can resist against common distortions, especially getting advantage over JPEG compression, additive noise, brightening, rotation, and cropping.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Pseudorandom binary sequence'

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