Journal articles: 'Pseudophryne corroboree'

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Osborne, WS, and JA Norman. "Conservation Genetics of Corroboree Frogs, Pseudophryne-Corroboree Moore (Anura, Myobatrachidae) - Population Subdivision and Genetic-Divergence." Australian Journal of Zoology 39, no. 3 (1991): 285. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo9910285.

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Reproductive compatibility and population genetic structure were examined in the corroboree frog, Pseudophryne corroboree, a species restricted to montane and subalpine environments in south-eastern Australia. The species comprises three geographic populations, represented by two morphological forms. Hybridisation experiments showed that the allopatric populations are interfertile, although crosses between the Snowy Mountains population (southern form) and each of the two northern populations (northern form) resulted in a significantly higher number of tadpoles with growth abnormalities. An electrophoretic examination of metamorphlings indicated that there was considerable genetic divergence between the two forms, with several loci approaching fixation of alternate alleles. The Snowy Mountains population also had substantially reduced levels of genetic variation compared to the two northern populations. Although genetic distances generally correlate with geographic distance, the genetic differences between the northern and southern populations form a pronounced step, not explicable by geographic distance alone. These findings have taxonomic implications which should be taken into account when considering the conservation management of this uncommon species.

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Osborne, WS. "Distribution, Relative Abundance and Conservation Status of Corroboree Frogs, Pseudophrne-Corroboree Moore (Anura, Myobatrachidae)." Wildlife Research 16, no. 5 (1989): 537. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr9890537.

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A survey of the distribution and abundance of the corroboree frog, Pseudophryne corroboree, was carried out over five summers between December 1984 and April 1989. The species has a restricted high-mountain distribution, occurring as three disjunctive populations: Snowy Mountains, Fiery Range and Brindabella Range. The Snowy Mountains and Fiery Range populations are relatively widespread, occupying areas of 400 and 550 km2 respectively. In contrast, the Brindabella Range population is restricted to about 60 km2. The abundance of the Snowy Mountains population has been considerably reduced throughout much of its range, perhaps because of frequent summer drought between 1979 and 1984. Although P. corroboree is rare, its range is largely within conservation reserves, and its relatively broad latitudinal distribution has prevented adverse conditions from affecting all populations. The decline in abundance of the distinctive Snowy Mountains population may be a response to adverse short-term weather, or it may be part of a decline and range contraction over a longer period.

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Edwards, Casey L., Phillip G. Byrne, Peter Harlow, and Aimee J. Silla. "Dietary Carotenoid Supplementation Enhances the Cutaneous Bacterial Communities of the Critically Endangered Southern Corroboree Frog (Pseudophryne corroboree)." Microbial Ecology 73, no. 2 (September 13, 2016): 435–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00248-016-0853-2.

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Rojahn, Jack, Dianne Gleeson, and Elise M. Furlan. "Monitoring post-release survival of the northern corroboree frog, Pseudophryne pengilleyi, using environmental DNA." Wildlife Research 45, no. 7 (2018): 620. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr17179.

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Context Translocations are becoming an increasingly important conservation tool to combat rising levels of species extinction. Unfortunately, many translocation efforts fail; yet, the timing and cause of failure often remain unknown. Monitoring individuals in the days and weeks following release can provide valuable information on their capacity to survive this initial hurdle. In Australia, breeding programs have been established for the endangered northern corroboree frog, Pseudophryne pengilleyi, to enable reintroduction to the wild via captive-reared individuals, typically, early life stages such as eggs or juvenile frogs that cannot be monitored via traditional survey methods that target adult frogs (e.g. shout–response). Environmental DNA (eDNA) detects trace amounts of DNA that organisms release into their environment and could provide a means to infer population persistence for wildlife releases and translocations. Aims In the present study, we aim to develop an eDNA assay capable of detecting both sexes of P. pengilleyi across multiple life stages, and use it to monitor their survival. Methods An eDNA assay was developed to target the two corroboree frog species (P. pengilleyi and P. corroboree, the southern corroboree frog) and was tested for its sensitivity and specificity in silico and in vitro. Pseudophryne pengilleyi eggs were released into three naturally occurring ponds and water samples were, subsequently, collected from each pond on several occasions over a period of 78 days. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to detect P. pengilleyi eDNA from water samples. Key Results The developed assay was shown to be sensitive and specific to corroboree frogs. eDNA monitoring of reintroduced P. pengilleyi detected the species’ DNA at three of three release ponds and DNA remained detectable until at least 78 days post-release at two of three ponds. Conclusions We show how the development of a corroboree frog-specific assay allowed us to monitor the post-release survival of P. pengilleyi in naturally occurring pools. Implications eDNA surveys may provide a useful tool to monitor post-release survival of translocated populations in a non-invasive manner, with the potential to identify the timing and causes of failure. Such knowledge can be used to inform the management of translocated populations and future release strategies.

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Byrne, Phillip G., and Aimee J. Silla. "Hormonal induction of gamete release, and in-vitro fertilisation, in the critically endangered Southern Corroboree Frog, Pseudophryne corroboree." Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology 8, no. 1 (2010): 144. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1477-7827-8-144.

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Silla, Aimee J., Michael McFadden, and Phillip G. Byrne. "Hormone-induced spawning of the critically endangered northern corroboree frog Pseudophryne pengilleyi." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 30, no. 10 (2018): 1352. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rd18011.

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Fundamental knowledge of the optimal hormone concentrations required to stimulate amplexus and spawning in breeding pairs of amphibians is currently lacking, hindering our understanding of the proximate mechanisms underpinning mating behaviour. The present study investigated the effects of: (1) the dose of a gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogue (GnRH-a) administered; (2) male–female hormone administration interval; and (3) topical application of GnRH-a, on spawning success in the northern corroboree frog. Administration of GnRH-a at doses of 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 μg g−1 were highly successful, with a significantly greater proportion of hormone-treated pairs ovipositing (89–100%) compared with the 0 μg g−1 treatment (22%). Of the hormone-treated pairs, those receiving 0.5 μg g−1 GnRH-a exhibited the highest fertilisation success (61%). Administration of GnRH-a to males and females simultaneously (0 h) was more effective than injecting males either 48 or 24 h before the injection of females. Overall, administration of GnRH-a was highly successful at inducing spawning in northern corroboree frogs. For the first time, we also effectively induced spawning following the topical application of GnRH-a to the ventral pelvic region. Topical application of GnRH-a eliminates the need for specialised training in amphibian injection, and will allow assisted reproductive technologies to be adopted by a greater number of captive facilities globally.

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Holz, PH, T. Portas, S. Donahoe, S. Crameri, and K. Rose. "Mortality in northern corroboree frog tadpoles (Pseudophryne pengilleyi) associated withTetrahymena-like infection." Australian Veterinary Journal 93, no. 8 (July 28, 2015): 295–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/avj.12337.

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Morgan, Matthew J., Phillip G. Byrne, Christine M. Hayes, and J. Scott Keogh. "Microsatellite markers in the endangered Australian northern corroboree frog, Pseudophryne pengilleyi (Anura: Myobatrachidae) and amplification in other Pseudophryne species." Conservation Genetics 9, no. 5 (November 23, 2007): 1315–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10592-007-9468-y.

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McInerney, Emma P., Aimee J. Silla, and Phillip G. Byrne. "Do dietary carotenoids improve the escape-response performance of southern corroboree frog larvae?" Behaviour 157, no. 12-13 (October 5, 2020): 987–1006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1568539x-bja10036.

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Abstract Dietary antioxidants can improve escape-response performance in adult vertebrates, but whether juveniles receive similar benefits remains untested. Here, we investigated the effect of two dietary carotenoids (β-carotene and lutein) on the escape-response of juvenile corroboree frogs (Pseudophryne corroboree) at two developmental points (early and late larval development). We found that burst speed was lower during late larval development compared to early larval development, particularly in the low- and high-dose lutein treatments. These findings suggest that performance decreased over time, and was reduced by lutein consumption. At each developmental point we found no treatment effect on escape-response, providing no evidence for carotenoid benefits. A previous study in corroboree frogs demonstrated that carotenoids improved adult escape-response, so our findings suggest that benefits of carotenoids in this species may be life-stage dependent. Continued investigation into how carotenoids influence escape-response at different life-stages will provide insights into mechanistic links between nutrition and behaviour.

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Osborne, WS, RA Zentelis, and M. Lau. "Geographical Variation in Corroboree Frogs, Pseudophryne Corroboree Moore (Anura: Myobatrachidae): a Reappraisal Supports Recognition of P-Pengilleyi Wells &Wellington." Australian Journal of Zoology 44, no. 6 (1996): 569. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo9960569.

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The extent of divergence in morphology and colour-pattern between allopatric populations of the corroboree frog, Pseudophyrne corroboree, was assessed over three breeding seasons by examination of eggs, tadpoles and adults throughout the distributional range of the species. Advertisement calls of individuals from each of the populations also were recorded and analysed. The mean size of adults was found to vary considerably between years; however, within any one year individuals from the Snowy Mountains (southern form) were significantly larger than individuals from the Brindabella Range and Fiery Range (northern form), with the differences apparently not simply related to environmental influences. Multivariate analysis of quantitative morphological characters and colour-pattern separated the frogs into two distinct geographic groups corresponding with the northern form and southern form. Analysis of advertisement calls indicated that there were slight differences in the structure of the calls of the two forms, with the main differences being in call duration and number of pulses. These results, combined with the previously described genetic differences, support their recognition as separate species. It is recommended that the name P. corroboree be restricted to the southern form and that the northern form be referred to as P. pengilleyi Wells & Wellington.

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Foster, C. N., and B. C. Scheele. "Feral-horse impacts on corroboree frog habitat in the Australian Alps." Wildlife Research 46, no. 2 (2019): 184. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr18093.

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Context Introduced herbivores can have a substantial impact on native plants and animals, particularly in ecosystems that do not share a recent evolutionary history with similar herbivore species. The feral horse, Equus caballus, has a widespread but patchy distribution in Australia, with large populations present in national parks in the Australian Alps. There are few peer-reviewed studies of the impacts of feral horses on ecosystems in this region. However, impacts could be substantial, particularly in wetland and riparian environments that are focal points for horse activity and sensitive to trampling and physical disturbance. Aims In the present study, we used replicated horse exclosures to investigate the effects of feral horses on breeding habitat of the critically endangered northern corroboree frog, Pseudophryne pengilleyi, in the Australian Alps. Methods Pseudophryne pengilleyi constructs nests and lays eggs in dense litter surrounding small, seasonally flooded wetland pools. In 2010, we sampled the litter depth adjacent to pools at eight long-term P. pengilleyi monitoring sites. In 2011, horse exclosures were established at each of the eight sites, such that less than half of the wetland area was inside the exclosure. In 2015, we measured litter depth surrounding pools inside and outside the exclosures, as well as at three additional sites where feral horses were absent. Key results We found that the pool-edge litter was 1.9 times deeper in areas without horses (inside horse-exclosure plots and horse-free sites) than in areas accessible to horses (unfenced areas in horse-occupied sites). Conclusions Our study has presented experimental evidence that horse grazing and trampling reduce breeding-habitat quality for P. pengilleyi, which could result in reduced reproduction success. Implications Ensuring the persistence of high-quality habitat is crucial for the conservation of P. pengilleyi, particularly given the severity of the decline of this species associated with chytrid fungus. Our results have provided direct evidence of a negative feral-horse impact on the habitat of a threatened animal species in the Australian Alps.

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McInerney, Emma P., Aimee J. Silla, and Phillip G. Byrne. "Carotenoid supplementation affects the post-hibernation performance of southern corroboree frogs." Behaviour 157, no. 2 (February 6, 2020): 121–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1568539x-00003584.

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Abstract Many animals hibernate to survive winter conditions, however, arousal from hibernation generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) that can cause oxidative stress. Dietary antioxidants, like carotenoids, may reduce oxidative stress during arousal from hibernation, and assist with post-hibernation recovery and performance. We tested the effect of carotenoid supplementation on exercise performance (escape-response and activity) in southern corroboree frogs (Pseudophryne corroboree) following initial arousal from hibernation (24–48 h post-arousal) and post-recovery (six weeks post-hibernation). Carotenoids did not affect performance following initial arousal. However, carotenoids improved escape-response six weeks post-hibernation, with carotenoid-supplemented frogs hopping faster and further in their first hop than unsupplemented frogs. Carotenoids also affected post-recovery activity, with carotenoid-supplemented frogs being less mobile than unsupplemented frogs. Carotenoids may affect post-hibernation performance by reducing oxidative stress or by increasing diet quality. Our study provides novel evidence for an effect of carotenoids on performance post-hibernation and highlights the importance of nutrition to hibernating organisms.

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Skerratt, Lee F., Lee Berger, Nick Clemann, Dave A. Hunter, Gerry Marantelli, David A. Newell, Annie Philips, et al. "Priorities for management of chytridiomycosis in Australia: saving frogs from extinction." Wildlife Research 43, no. 2 (2016): 105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr15071.

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To protect Australian amphibian biodiversity, we have identified and prioritised frog species at an imminent risk of extinction from chytridiomycosis, and devised national management and research priorities for disease mitigation. Six Australian frogs have not been observed in the wild since the initial emergence of chytridiomycosis and may be extinct. Seven extant frog species were assessed as needing urgent conservation interventions because of (1) their small populations and/or ongoing declines throughout their ranges (southern corroboree frog (Pseudophryne corroboree, New South Wales), northern corroboree frog (Pseudophryne pengilleyi, Australian Capital Territory, New South Wales), Baw Baw frog (Philoria frosti, Victoria), Litoria spenceri (spotted tree frog, Victoria, New South Wales), Kroombit tinkerfrog (Taudactylus pleione, Queensland), armoured mist frog (Litoria lorica, Queensland)) or (2) predicted severe decline associated with the spread of chytridiomycosis in the case of Tasmanian tree frog (Litoria burrowsae, Tasmania). For these species, the risk of extinction is high, but can be mitigated. They require increased survey effort to define their distributional limits and to monitor and detect further population changes, as well as well-resourced management strategies that include captive assurance populations. A further 22 frog species were considered at a moderate to lower risk of extinction from chytridiomycosis. Management actions that identify and create or maintain habitat refugia from chytridiomycosis and target other threatening processes such as habitat loss and degradation may be effective in promoting their recovery. Our assessments for some of these species remain uncertain and further taxonomical clarification is needed to determine their conservation importance. Management actions are currently being developed and trialled to mitigate the threat posed by chytridiomycosis. However, proven solutions to facilitate population recovery in the wild are lacking; hence, we prioritise research topics to achieve this aim. Importantly, the effectiveness of novel management solutions will likely differ among species due to variation in disease ecology, highlighting the need for species-specific research. We call for an independent management and research fund of AU$15 million over 5 years to be allocated to recovery actions as determined by a National Chytridiomycosis Working Group of amphibian managers and scientists. Procrastination on this issue will likely result in additional extinction of Australia’s amphibians in the near future.

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Brannelly, Laura A., Rebecca Webb, Lee F. Skerratt, and Lee Berger. "Amphibians with infectious disease increase their reproductive effort: evidence for the terminal investment hypothesis." Open Biology 6, no. 6 (June 2016): 150251. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsob.150251.

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Mounting an immune response to fight disease is costly for an organism and can reduce investment in another life-history trait, such as reproduction. The terminal investment hypothesis predicts that an organism will increase reproductive effort when threatened by disease. The reproductive fitness of amphibians infected with the deadly fungal pathogen Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis ( Bd ) is largely unknown. In this study, we explored gametogenesis in two endangered and susceptible frog species, Pseudophryne corroboree and Litoria verreauxii alpina. Gametogenesis, both oogenesis and spermatogenesis, increased when animals were experimentally infected with Bd . In P. corroboree , infected males have thicker germinal epithelium, and a larger proportion of spermatocytes. In L. v. alpina , infected males had more spermatic cell bundles in total, and a larger proportion of spermatozoa bundles. In female L. v. alpina , ovaries and oviducts were larger in infected animals, and there were more cells present within the ovaries. Terminal investment has consequences for the evolution of disease resistance in declining species. If infected animals are increasing reproductive efforts and producing more offspring before succumbing to disease, it is possible that population-level selection for disease resistance will be minimized.

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Brannelly, Laura A., Lee Berger, Gerry Marrantelli, and Lee F. Skerratt. "Low humidity is a failed treatment option for chytridiomycosis in the critically endangered southern corroboree frog." Wildlife Research 42, no. 1 (2015): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr14097.

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Context One of the major drivers of the current worldwide amphibian decline and extinction crisis is the spread of the amphibian chytrid fungus, Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd). Captive assurance colonies may be the only lifeline for some species. Current antifungal chemotherapies can be effective for clearing infection but may have detrimental side effects. The only non-chemotherapeutic treatment that has been clinically tested is heat, which is impractical for cold-adapted species. The fungus does not survive desiccation, and therefore a plausible alternative non-chemotherapeutic treatment would be a low-humidity regimen. Aims We tested the efficacy of a low-humidity treatment regimen for treating Bd-infected animals of the critically endangered species Pseudophryne corroboree. This species has high tolerance of dry environments, and is thus an ideal candidate for this treatment trial. Methods Forty frogs were exposed to 1 × 106 zoospores. At three weeks after exposure access to water was reduced to once daily for 10 days for 20 animals. Ten of these animals were also rinsed daily with the aim of removing zoospores. Key results The drying regimen neither increased survival nor decreased infection load, and treatment may have hastened mortality. All infected frogs died between 21 and 80 days after exposure, except one untreated frog. Conclusions Our results suggest that a drying regimen is not a viable treatment for chytridiomycosis. Infection may decrease the host’s ability to cope with water stress. Implications The failed drying treatment in P. corroboree suggests that drying is not an appropriate treatment for chytridiomycosis and treatment efforts should be focussed on chemotherapies for cold-adapted species. P. corroboree is a critically endangered species for which chytridiomycosis is the primary cause of decline, yet few experiments have been carried out on this species with regards to chytridiomycosis. All experimental information about this species and disease will benefit the management and protection of the species.

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McInerney, Emma P., Aimee J. Silla, and Phillip G. Byrne. "The influence of carotenoid supplementation at different life-stages on the foraging performance of the Southern Corroboree frog (Pseudophryne corroboree): A test of the Silver Spoon and Environmental Matching Hypotheses." Behavioural Processes 125 (April 2016): 26–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.beproc.2016.01.008.

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Archer, Michael, Hayley Bates, Suzanne J. Hand, Trevor Evans, Linda Broome, Bronwyn McAllan, Fritz Geiser, et al. "The Burramys Project: a conservationist's reach should exceed history's grasp, or what is the fossil record for?" Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 374, no. 1788 (November 4, 2019): 20190221. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2019.0221.

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The fossil record provides important information about changes in species diversity, distribution, habitat and abundance through time. As we understand more about these changes, it becomes possible to envisage a wider range of options for translocations in a world where sustainability of habitats is under increasing threat. The Critically Endangered alpine/subalpine mountain pygmy-possum, Burramys parvus (Marsupialia, Burramyidae), is threatened by global heating. Using conventional strategies, there would be no viable pathway for stopping this iconic marsupial from becoming extinct. The fossil record, however, has inspired an innovative strategy for saving this species. This lineage has been represented over 25 Myr by a series of species always inhabiting lowland, wet forest palaeocommunities. These fossil deposits have been found in what is now the Tirari Desert, South Australia (24 Ma), savannah woodlands of the Riversleigh World Heritage Area, Queensland (approx. 24–15 Ma) and savannah grasslands of Hamilton, Victoria (approx. 4 Ma). This palaeoecological record has led to the proposal overviewed here to construct a lowland breeding facility with the goal of monitoring the outcome of introducing this possum back into the pre-Quaternary core habitat for the lineage. If this project succeeds, similar approaches could be considered for other climate-change-threatened Australian species such as the southern corroboree frog ( Pseudophryne corroboree ) and the western swamp tortoise ( Pseudemydura umbrina ). This article is part of a discussion meeting issue ‘The past is a foreign country: how much can the fossil record actually inform conservation?’

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Kelleher, Shannon R., Aimee J. Silla, Petri T. Niemelä, Niels J. Dingemanse, and Phillip G. Byrne. "Dietary carotenoids affect the development of individual differences and behavioral plasticity." Behavioral Ecology 30, no. 5 (June 4, 2019): 1273–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/beheco/arz074.

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AbstractNutritional conditions experienced during development are expected to play a key role in shaping an individual’s behavioral phenotype. The long term, irreversible effects of nutritional conditions on behavioral variation among and within individuals remains largely unexplored. This study aimed to investigate how long-term carotenoid availability (representing low vs. high quality nutritional conditions) during both larval and adult life stages influences the expression of among-individual variation (animal personality) and within-individual variation (behavioral plasticity). We tested for personality and plasticity along the exploration/avoidance behavioral axis in the Southern Corroboree frog (Pseudophryne corroboree). We predicted that treatment groups receiving carotenoids during early development would be more exploratory and have greater among- and within-individual variation compared with individuals that did not receive carotenoids (i.e., silver spoon hypothesis). Superior nutritional conditions experienced during development are expected to provide individuals with resources needed to develop costly behaviors, giving them an advantage later in life irrespective of prevailing conditions. Unexpectedly, frogs that did not receive carotenoids as larvae expressed greater among-individual variance in exploration behavior. Additionally, frogs that did not receive carotenoids at either life stage displayed greater within-individual variance. Our findings provide no support for the silver spoon hypothesis but suggest that inconsistent nutritional conditions between life stages may adversely affect the development of behavioral phenotypes. Overall, our results indicate that early and late life nutritional conditions affect the development of personality and plasticity. They also highlight that nutritional effects on behavior may be more complex than previously theorized.

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Brannelly, Laura A., Alexandra A. Roberts, Lee F. Skerratt, and Lee Berger. "Epidermal cell death in frogs with chytridiomycosis." PeerJ 5 (February 1, 2017): e2925. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.2925.

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Background Amphibians are declining at an alarming rate, and one of the major causes of decline is the infectious disease chytridiomycosis. Parasitic fungal sporangia occur within epidermal cells causing epidermal disruption, but these changes have not been well characterised. Apoptosis (planned cell death) can be a damaging response to the host but may alternatively be a mechanism of pathogen removal for some intracellular infections. Methods In this study we experimentally infected two endangered amphibian species Pseudophryne corroboree and Litoria verreauxii alpina with the causal agent of chytridiomycosis. We quantified cell death in the epidermis through two assays: terminal transferase-mediated dUTP nick end-labelling (TUNEL) and caspase 3/7. Results Cell death was positively associated with infection load and morbidity of clinically infected animals. In infected amphibians, TUNEL positive cells were concentrated in epidermal layers, correlating to the localisation of infection within the skin. Caspase activity was stable and low in early infection, where pathogen loads were light but increasing. In animals that recovered from infection, caspase activity gradually returned to normal as the infection cleared. Whereas, in amphibians that did not recover, caspase activity increased dramatically when infection loads peaked. Discussion Increased cell death may be a pathology of the fungal parasite, likely contributing to loss of skin homeostatic functions, but it is also possible that apoptosis suppression may be used initially by the pathogen to help establish infection. Further research should explore the specific mechanisms of cell death and more specifically apoptosis regulation during fungal infection.

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MORGAN, MATTHEW J., DAVID HUNTER, ROD PIETSCH, WILLIAM OSBORNE, and J. SCOTT KEOGH. "Assessment of genetic diversity in the critically endangered Australian corroboree frogs,Pseudophryne corroboreeandPseudophryne pengilleyi, identifies four evolutionarily significant units for conservation." Molecular Ecology, June 2008, ??? http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-294x.2008.03841.x.

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Silla, Aimee J., Natalie E. Calatayud, and Vance L. Trudeau. "Amphibian reproductive technologies: approaches and welfare considerations." Conservation Physiology 9, no. 1 (January 1, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/conphys/coab011.

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Abstract Captive breeding and reintroduction programs have been established for several threatened amphibian species globally, but with varied success. This reflects our relatively poor understanding of the hormonal control of amphibian reproduction and the stimuli required to initiate and complete reproductive events. While the amphibian hypothalamo–pituitary–gonadal (HPG) axis shares fundamental similarities with both teleosts and tetrapods, there are more species differences than previously assumed. As a result, many amphibian captive breeding programs fail to reliably initiate breeding behaviour, achieve high rates of fertilization or generate large numbers of healthy, genetically diverse offspring. Reproductive technologies have the potential to overcome these challenges but should be used in concert with traditional methods that manipulate environmental conditions (including temperature, nutrition and social environment). Species-dependent methods for handling, restraint and hormone administration (including route and frequency) are discussed to ensure optimal welfare of captive breeding stock. We summarize advances in hormone therapies and discuss two case studies that illustrate some of the challenges and successes with amphibian reproductive technologies: the mountain yellow-legged frog (Rana muscosa; USA) and the northern corroboree frog (Pseudophryne pengilleyi; Australia). Further research is required to develop hormone therapies for a greater number of species to boost global conservation efforts.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Pseudophryne corroboree'

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