Relevant bibliographies by topics / Pseudomonas species

Academic literature on the topic 'Pseudomonas species'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 6 September 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Pseudomonas species"

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Godfrey, S. A. C., S. A. Harrow, J. W. Marshall, and J. D. Klena. "Characterization by 16S rRNA Sequence Analysis of Pseudomonads Causing Blotch Disease of Cultivated Agaricus bisporus." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 67, no. 9 (September 1, 2001): 4316–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.67.9.4316-4323.2001.

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ABSTRACT Bacterial blotch of Agaricus bisporus has typically been identified as being caused by either Pseudomonas tolaasii (brown blotch) or Pseudomonas gingeri(ginger blotch). To address the relatedness of pseudomonads able to induce blotch, a pilot study was initiated in which pseudomonads were selectively isolated from mushroom farms throughout New Zealand. Thirty-three pseudomonad isolates were identified as being capable of causing different degrees of discoloration (separable into nine categories) of A. bisporus tissue in a bioassay. These isolates were also identified as unique using repetitive extragenic palindromic PCR and biochemical analysis. Relationships between these 33 blotch-causing organisms (BCO) and a further 22 selected pseudomonad species were inferred by phylogenetic analyses of near-full-length 16S rRNA gene nucleotide sequences. The 33 BCO isolates were observed to be distributed throughout thePseudomonas fluorescens intrageneric cluster. These results show that in addition to known BCO (P. tolaasii, P. gingeri, and Pseudomonas reactans), a number of diverse pseudomonad species also have the ability to cause blotch diseases with various discolorations. Furthermore, observation of ginger blotch discoloration of A. bisporus being independently caused by many different pseudomonad species impacts on the homogeneity and classification of the previously described P. gingeri.
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Rahman, Mizanur, Mohammad Jobayer, Nadira Akter, Farook Ahamed, SM Shamsuzzaman, and Kazi Zulfiquer Mamun. "Rapid detection of Pseudomonad at species level by multiplex PCR in surgical units and ICU of Dhaka Medical College Hospital." Bangladesh Journal of Medical Microbiology 10, no. 2 (July 28, 2016): 22–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjmm.v10i2.51928.

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Pseudomonads are the most important gram negative organisms involved in various types of infection. This cross sectional study was conducted from January to December 2010 to isolate and identify Pseudomonad at species level in different clinical samples by culture and multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and to evaluate the efficacy of PCR in rapid detection of the bacteria at species level. Wound swab and tips of endotracheal tube were collected from hospitalized patients from different surgical units and intensive care unit (ICU) of Dhaka Medical College Hospital, Dhaka. Pseudomonads were isolated and identified at species level by culture, microscopy, different biochemical tests and PCR. Among 230 samples, 52.6% were surgical wound, 34.3% were burn wound and 9.6% were traumatic wound samples and 3.4% were tips of endotracheal tubes. Twenty six percent isolated organisms were Pseudomonas spp., 30.4% were Escherichia coli, and 13.5% were Staphylococcus aureus. Others were Proteus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii and Enterobacter spp. In 19.67% samples mixed infections by other organism (Esch coli, Staph aureus, Proteus spp, Klebsiella spp) with Pseudomonas were detected and its distribution was highest in traumatic and burn wound. Multiplex PCR and different biochemical tests were used to identify 3 bacterial species of Pseudomonad. Among the species identified, 95.52% was Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 2.99% was Stenotrophomonas maltophilia and 1.49% was Burkholderia cepacia. The sensitivity of multiplex PCR was 95.08% and specificity 94.67%. PCR was the most rapid and more accurate method for detection of Pseudomonad at species level. Bangladesh J Med Microbiol 2016; 10 (2): 22-26
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FARRAG, SEHAM A., and ELMER H. MARTH. "Behavior of Listeria monocytogenes when Incubated Together with Pseudomonas Species in Tryptose Broth at 7 and 13°C." Journal of Food Protection 52, no. 8 (August 1, 1989): 536–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-52.8.536.

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Tryptose broth (TB) was inoculated with Listeria monocytogenes (strain Scott A or California), Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Pseudomonas flourescens, or a combination of L. monocytogenes plus Pseudomonas species, and incubated at 7 or 13°C for 8 weeks. McBride Listeria Agar was used to determine numbers of L. monocytogenes and Pseudomonas Isolation Agar to enumerate Pseudomonas species at 0, 7, 14, 28, 42, or 56 d. At 13°C, presence of P. fluorescens had a slight negative effect on growth of L. monocytogenes strain Scott A, and was somewhat detrimental to its survival during the extended incubation. Growth of L. monocytogenes strain California was retarded by presence of P. fluorescens although the maximum population achieved by the pathogen was greater in the presence rather than absence of the pseudomonad; the pseudomonad did have a negative effect on survival of the pathogen. At the same temperature, P. aeruginosa had a negative effect on survival of L. monocytogenes strain California, but had essentially no effect on the other strain of the pathogen. Neither strain of L. monocytogenes affected growth of P. fluorescens nor P. aeruginosa. At 13°C the pH of TB generally decreased when L. monocytogenes grew by itself but increased when either pseudomonad grew by itself or together with the pathogen. At 7°C, growth of both pseudomonads was minimal. Presence of non-growing cells of P. fluorescens retarded somewhat growth of both L. monocytogenes strains early during the incubation. P. aeruginosa had no detectable effect on either strain of L. monocytogenes. The pH of TB decreased when L. monocytogenes grew by itself or together with either pseudomonad, and remained unchanged in TB inoculated with either pseudomonad.
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Meyer, Jean-Marie, Valérie A. Geoffroy, Nader Baida, Louis Gardan, Daniel Izard, Philippe Lemanceau, Wafa Achouak, and Norberto J. Palleroni. "Siderophore Typing, a Powerful Tool for the Identification of Fluorescent and Nonfluorescent Pseudomonads." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 68, no. 6 (June 2002): 2745–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.68.6.2745-2753.2002.

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ABSTRACT A total of 301 strains of fluorescent pseudomonads previously characterized by conventional phenotypic and/or genomic taxonomic methods were analyzed through siderotyping, i.e., by the isoelectrophoretic characterization of their main siderophores and pyoverdines and determination of the pyoverdine-mediated iron uptake specificity of the strains. As a general rule, strains within a well-circumscribed taxonomic group, namely the species Pseudomonas brassicacearum, Pseudomonas fuscovaginae, Pseudomonas jessenii, Pseudomonas mandelii, Pseudomonas monteilii, “Pseudomonas mosselii,” “Pseudomonas palleronii,” Pseudomonas rhodesiae, “Pseudomonas salomonii,” Pseudomonas syringae, Pseudomonas thivervalensis, Pseudomonas tolaasii, and Pseudomonas veronii and the genomospecies FP1, FP2, and FP3 produced an identical pyoverdine which, in addition, was characteristic of the group, since it was structurally different from the pyoverdines produced by the other groups. In contrast, 28 strains belonging to the notoriously heterogeneous Pseudomonas fluorescens species were characterized by great heterogeneity at the pyoverdine level. The study of 23 partially characterized phenotypic clusters demonstrated that siderotyping is very useful in suggesting correlations between clusters and well-defined species and in detecting misclassified individual strains, as verified by DNA-DNA hybridization. The usefulness of siderotyping as a determinative tool was extended to the nonfluorescent species Pseudomonas corrugata, Pseudomonas frederiksbergensis, Pseudomonas graminis, and Pseudomonas plecoglossicida, which were seen to have an identical species-specific siderophore system and thus were easily differentiated from one another. Thus, the fast, accurate, and easy-to-perform siderotyping method compares favorably with the usual phenotypic and genomic methods presently necessary for accurate identification of pseudomonads at the species level.
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Mulet, Magdalena, María José Martínez, Margarita Gomila, Johanna Dabernig-Heinz, Gabriel E. Wagner, Clemens Kittinger, Gernot Zarfel, Jorge Lalucat, and Elena García-Valdés. "Genome-Based Species Diversity Assessment in the Pseudomonas chlororaphis Phylogenetic Subgroup and Proposal of Pseudomonas danubii sp. nov. Isolated from Freshwaters, Soil, and Rhizosphere." Diversity 15, no. 5 (May 2, 2023): 617. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d15050617.

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The Pseudomonas chlororaphis phylogenetic subgroup of species, within the Pseudomonas fluorescens group, currently includes seven bacterial species, all of which have environmental relevance. Phylogenomic analyses help clarify the taxonomy of strains in the group and allow for precise identification. Thirteen antibiotic-resistant strains isolated in a previous study from nine different sampling sites in the Danube River were suspected to represent a novel species and are investigated taxonomically in the present study, together with four other strains isolated from the Woluwe River (Belgium) that were phylogenetically closely related in their rpoD gene sequences. The strains were characterized phenotypically, chemotaxonomically (fatty acid composition and main protein profiles), and phylogenetically. They could not be assigned to any known Pseudomonas species. Three genomes of representative strains were sequenced and analyzed in the context of the genome sequences of closely related strains available in public databases. The phylogenomic analysis demonstrates the need to differentiate new genomic species within the P. chlororaphis subgroup and that Pseudomonas piscis and Pseudomonas aestus are synonyms. This taxonomic study demonstrates that 14 of the characterized isolates are members of the Pseudomonas_E protegens_A species in the GTDB taxonomy and that they represent a novel species in the genus Pseudomonas, for which we propose the name Pseudomonas danubii sp. nov. with strain JDS02PS016T (=CECT 30214T = CCUG 74756T) as the type strain. The other three strains (JDS08PS003, rDWA16, and rDWA64) are members of the species Pseudomonas_E protegens_B in the GTDB taxonomy and need further investigation for proposal as a new bacterial species.
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Reddy, Gundlapalli S. N., Genki I. Matsumoto, Peter Schumann, Erko Stackebrandt, and Sisinthy Shivaji. "Psychrophilic pseudomonads from Antarctica: Pseudomonas antarctica sp. nov., Pseudomonas meridiana sp. nov. and Pseudomonas proteolytica sp. nov." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 54, no. 3 (May 1, 2004): 713–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.02827-0.

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Thirty-one bacteria that belonged to the genus Pseudomonas were isolated from cyanobacterial mat samples that were collected from various water bodies in Antarctica. All 31 isolates were psychrophilic; they could be divided into three groups, based on their protein profiles. Representative strains of each of the three groups, namely CMS 35T, CMS 38T and CMS 64T, were studied in detail. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, it was established that the strains were related closely to the Pseudomonas fluorescens group. Phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics further confirmed their affiliation to this group. The three strains could also be differentiated from each other and the closely related species Pseudomonas orientalis, Pseudomonas brenneri and Pseudomonas migulae, based on phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics and the level of DNA–DNA hybridization. Therefore, it is proposed that strains CMS 35T (=MTCC 4992T=DSM 15318T), CMS 38T (=MTCC 4993T=DSM 15319T) and CMS 64T (=MTCC 4994T=DSM 15321T) should be assigned to novel species of the genus Pseudomonas as Pseudomonas antarctica sp. nov., Pseudomonas meridiana sp. nov. and Pseudomonas proteolytica sp. nov., respectively.
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Clark, Linda L., Joseph J. Dajcs, Celeste H. McLean, John G. Bartell, and David W. Stroman. "Pseudomonas otitidis sp. nov., isolated from patients with otic infections." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 56, no. 4 (April 1, 2006): 709–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.63753-0.

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A novel Pseudomonas species, for which the name Pseudomonas otitidis sp. nov. is proposed, was identified from clinical specimens of infected human ears. Forty-one pseudomonads (34 from patients with acute otitis externa, six from patients with acute otitis media with otorrhoea and one from a patient with chronic suppurative otitis media) were recovered that did not match any known species. On the basis of genetic analyses and biochemical characterization, these isolates were shown to belong to the genus Pseudomonas. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis and DNA–DNA hybridization studies indicated that this novel bacterium is closely related to, but different from, Pseudomonas aeruginosa. A description of this species is based on polyphasic studies of 11 clinical isolates. The type strain of Pseudomonas otitidis is MCC10330T (=ATCC BAA-1130T=DSM 17224T).
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Tryfinopoulou, P., E. Tsakalidou, and G. J. E. Nychas. "Characterization of Pseudomonas spp. Associated with Spoilage of Gilt-Head Sea Bream Stored under Various Conditions." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 68, no. 1 (January 2002): 65–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.68.1.65-72.2002.

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ABSTRACT The population dynamics of pseudomonads in gilt-head sea bream Mediterranean fish (Sparus aurata) stored under different conditions were studied. Phenotypic analysis and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of whole-cell proteins were performed to identify a total of 106 Pseudomonas strains isolated from S. aurata stored under different temperatures (at 0, 10, and 20°C) and packaging conditions (air and a modified atmosphere of 40% CO2-30% N2-30% O2). Pseudomonas lundensis was the predominant species, followed by Pseudomonas fluorescens, while Pseudomonas fragi and Pseudomonas putida were detected less frequently. Fluorescent Pseudomonas strains dominated under air conditions, while proteolytic and less lipolytic strains dominated under modified-atmosphere packaging. Different storage conditions appear to govern the selection of pseudomonads in gilt-head sea bream fish.
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Ikram, Sadia, Saima Inam, Saba Shamim, Syed Zeeshan Haider, Muhammad Atif Qureshi, and Asma Inam. "Emerging Patterns in Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profiles of Pseudomonas SPP- Hospital Based Study." Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 17, no. 2 (February 28, 2023): 129–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs2023172129.

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Background: There is an emerging trend of pseudomonas infections in immune-compromised patients, specifically in hospital settings. The flagship member of this family is Pseudomonas aeruginosa, which is a major infectious agent. This study assessed the distribution and susceptibility patterns of Pseudomonas species isolated from various specimens as a part of surveillance program, in order to devise antibiograms. Aim: To determine frequency & antimicrobial sensitivities of Pseudomonas species in a tertiary care hospital from Lahore. Study design: Retrospective, descriptive, cross sectional study Place & duration of study: Conducted in a tertiary care hospital in Lahore, from January 2021 to January 2022. Methods: Thirty two isolates of Pseudomonas species from different clinical specimens were isolated in microbiology section of a tertiary care hospital during a period of 13 months. MacConkey and blood agar were utilized for culturing of organisms. Gram staining, oxidase, and catalase testwere utilized for phenotypic characterization. Antibiotic susceptibility testing against anti-pseudomonal drugs was performed according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines (CLSI) 2021. Results: The inference drawn at the end of study was that, out of thirty two isolates of Pseudomonas species received and pus was the most common specimen (46.8%), followed by 18.75% from urine specimens. 62.5% of the pseudomonas species were obtained from male patients. The most affected age group was 40-60 years, followed by 1-20 years. The most sensitive options turned out to be Imipenem (65.6%) and Pipericillintazobactam (62.5%), followed by 59.3% sensitivity in Amikacin. The least sensitive options in the study isolates were Aztreonam (15.6%) and Ticarcillin clavulanic acid (25%). In 18% of pseudomonas species isolated from urine cultures, fosfomycin was 83.3%, whereas nitrofurantoin turned out to be 50% sensitive. Conclusions: The steadily rising resistance in Pseudomonas species againstavailable antibiotics optionsnecessitates their use inlife-threatening and hospital acquiredinfections. Keywords: Peudomonas, Flouroquinolones, Carbapenem
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Park, Yoon-Dong, Hana Yi, Keun Sik Baik, Chi Nam Seong, Kyung Sook Bae, Eun Young Moon, and Jongsik Chun. "Pseudomonas segetis sp. nov., isolated from soil." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 56, no. 11 (November 1, 2006): 2593–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.63792-0.

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A Gram-negative, aerobic bacterium, designated strain FR1439T, was isolated from the soil of Dokdo in the Republic of Korea. The cells of strain FR1439T were catalase- and oxidase-positive, motile and rod-shaped. Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that it represents a distinct line of descent within the genus Pseudomonas. The levels of DNA–DNA relatedness between strain FR1439T and type strains of phylogenetically related species, namely Pseudomonas flavescens, Pseudomonas mendocina, Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes and Pseudomonas straminea, ranged from 28 to 37 %. Several phenotypic characteristics, together with the cellular fatty acid composition, can be used to differentiate strain FR1439T from related pseudomonads. On the basis of the polyphasic taxonomic evidence presented in this study, strain FR1439T represents a novel species, for which the name Pseudomonas segetis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is FR1439T (=IMSNU 14101T=CIP 108523T=KCTC 12331T).
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Pseudomonas species"

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Roush, Wendy A. "Pyrimidine Genes in Pseudomonas Species." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2003. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc4395/.

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This thesis is a comparative study of gene arrangements in Pseudomonas species, and is organized into three major sections. The first section compares gene arrangements for different pathways in Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 to determine if the gene arrangements are similar to previous studies. It also serves as a reference for pyrimidine gene arrangements in P. aeruginosa. The second part compares the physical, and genetic maps of P. aeruginosa PAO1 with the genome sequence. The final section compares pyrimidine gene arrangements in three species of Pseudomonas. Pyrimidine biosynthesis and salvage genes will be aligned for P. aeruginosa PAO1, P. putida KT2440, and P. syringae DC3000. The whole study will gives insight into gene patterns in Pseudomonas, with a focus on pyrimidine genes.
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Dumenyo, C. Korsi. "Regulation of pathogenicity in Erwinia and Pseudomonas species /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2000. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9974625.

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Storvoll, Eirin. "Studier av biofilmdannelse hos Pseudomonas species ved forskjellige dyrkingsmetoder." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for bioteknologi, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-12826.

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SINTEF har en konsernsatsing innenfor systembiologi og dette omfatter blant annet forståelse og bekjempelse av biofilmer. Biofilm kan forårsake skader innenfor medisin, matindustri, havbruk og industri. På en annen side kan biofilmer utnyttes positivt innenfor for eksempel biologisk vannrensing.Formålet med denne oppgaven har vært å etablere relevante teknikker for å studere biofilm. Dette har omfattet utprøving av ulike dyrkingmetoder, samt studier av effekt av dyrkingsbetingelser på biofilmdannelse. Pseudomonas aeruginosa benyttes som modellorganisme i SINTEFs prosjekt, og arbeidet i denne oppgaven har vært utført med den samme organismen. Biofilm ble dyrket i brønnplater og i reaktorer. I tillegg ble det etablert metode for å kvantifisere mengde biofilm, samt etablert metoder for å studere biofilm ved hjelp av konfokalmikroskopi og for studier av genuttrykk ved RT-PCR analyser.Videre ble det valgt å studere produksjon av sekundærmetabolitten pyocyanin i P. aeruginosa. Det ble undersøkt hvilke vekstbetingelser som gir lav og høy produksjon. Disse betingelsene ble videre benyttet til å undersøke uttrykk av gener involvert i pyocyaninsyntese, både planktonisk (frie celler) og i biofilm. I tillegg har oppgaven inkludert undersøkelse av mediets effekt på biofilmdannelse, produksjon av pyocyanin og uttrykk av utvalgte gener. Disse genene involverer gener som inngår i biofilmdannelse, pyocyaninproduksjon og qourum sensing. Det ble valgt å benytte stammene P. aeruginosa PAO1 og P. aeruginosa PA14 i oppgaven. Stammene ble sammenlignet med hensyn på pyocyaninproduksjon, planktonisk vekst og biofilmdannelse.Etablering av teknikker for å studere P. aeruginosa biofilm viste at det ble mulig å studere biofilm i brønnplater og reaktor, men at forbedring og optimalisering av metodene er nødvendig. Det ble vist at P. aeruginosa PAO1 hadde større veksthastighet enn P. aeruginosa PA14. P. aeruginosa PA14 produserte mest pyocyanin og hadde høyest uttrykk av gener involvert i syntese av pyocyanin (phzM og phzS), både planktonisk og i biofilm. Forskjeller i biofilmdannelse ble vist ved at slimdannelse ble sett hos P. aeruginosa PAO1, mens hos P. aeruginosa PA14 ble aggregatdannelse sett.Både forsøk med planktoniske celler (frie celler) og biofilmforsøk viste at fosfatbegrensning inntrer tidligere ved dyrking av P. aeruginosa PAO1 enn ved dyrking av P. aeruginosa PA14. Fosfatbegrensning ga økt pyocyaninproduksjon, men nedsatt biofilmdannelse. Det ble vist at pyocyaninproduksjon initieres i tidlig stasjonærfase for vekst av planktoniske celler og i tidlig biofilmutviklingstrinn. RT-PCR-resultater har vist at genet phzS, som inngår i siste trinn i syntese av pyocyanin, varierer mer med dyrkingsbetingelser, enn det phzM, som inngår i tidligere trinn gjør.
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Thompson, Gillian Ann. "Bacterial interaction in hide biodeterioration with special reference to selected Clostridium species." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004102.

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Animal hides are the basic raw material of the leather industry and they undergo rapid putrefaction unless "cured". This study investigated the role and interactive effects of three selected bacteria, Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Clostridium histoly ticum and Clostridium sporogenes in in-situ cattle hide degradation using a model system set up for the purpose. The system consisted of 3cm diameter hide pieces contained in sealed jars and sterilised by ethylene oxide to remove resident microbes and inactivate autolytic tissue enzymes. The inocula were prepared either as individual cultures or as combinations of two inocula or all three inocula. Degradative changes during storage at 30°C were measured for up to 8 days using ten different parameters. Initial trials confirmed that the selected inocula were readily isolated from raw hides and could outcompete resident populations to produce putrefactive decomposition. Growth rates and enzyme profiles of the organisms and the effects of nutrients and reductants on their relative denaturative effects were used to standardise the system. Trials on the effects of ethylene oxide indicated the suitability of the method for hide and collagen sterilisation. The findings of in-situ trials with the selected inocula confirmed previous studies of protein putrefaction in that a bacterial succession was evident involving aerobic proteolytic bacteria, micro-aerophilic proteolytic bacteria and strictly anaerobic amino acid degrading bacteria. However, this study showed that the micro-aerophilic collagenase producing C. histolyticum degraded hides at a far greater rate when inoculated on its own than when in the presence of either or both of the other two inocula. It also demonstrated a bacterial antagonism between the two clostridia in which C. sporogenes prevented degradative changes occurring for up to 4-6 days possibly due to cysteine production by C. sporogenes. These findings have implications for hide preservation since maintenance of aerobic conditions and suppression of spore outgrowth could be used to delay growth of collagenase producing clostridia. The use of C. sporogenes as a biocontrol agent is also postulated. The model system was also used to examine salted hides during storage and these studies indicated that Halobacteriaceae do not produce collagenase but that inadequately salted hides could possibly be subject to degradation by delsulfovibrios.
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Arévalo-Ferro, Catalina. "A proteomics view of quorum-sensing regulated and surface induced genes in representative Pseudomonas and Burkholderia species." [S.l. : s.n.], 2004. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=97204650X.

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Karmacharya, Amresh Prasad. "Growth of Mycobacterium avium in dual species biofilms with Pseudomonas aeruginosa." Thesis, Montana State University, 2007. http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/2007/karmacharya/KarmacharyaA0507.pdf.

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Interest in the growth of M. avium in biofilms has increased in the last few years. Research has shown that M. avium cells in biofilms are more resistant to disinfectants than their planktonic counterparts. Although M. avium has been detected in biofilms in in situ and laboratory models, information available on M. avium is limited compared to biofilm model species such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus and Streptococcus. The main objective of the present research was to study the growth of M. avium in biofilms in the presence of P. aeruginosa. Biofilms were grown in sterile tap water on stainless steel coupons in batch mode. Two kinds of reactors were used; mason jars and a recirculation system. Each experiment lasted from 27 to 35 days depending upon the nature of the experiment. The two strains were inoculated in isolation (monospecies) and also in combination (dual species). When inoculated simultaneously, in jar reactor experiments, M. avium density was found lower in dual species than in monospecies biofilms and the difference was statistically significant. However the growth of P. aeruginosa in monospecies did not differ significantly from the dual species biofilms. P. aeruginosa reduced the growth of M. avium. In sequential inoculation experiments an established biofilm of P. aeruginosa did not prevent biofilm formation by M. avium. The growth of M. avium and P. aeruginosa was similar whether they were inoculated as base or invading species. The density of P. aeruginosa remained higher than the density of M. avium in the dual species biofilm, likely due to the higher growth rate of P. aeruginosa compared to that of M. avium. It is important to understand their growth in mixed species biofilms, in order to begin to develop effective methods to both monitor and eventually control this opportunistic pathogen.
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Williams, Jennifer S. "Characterization of bioactive secondary metabolites from Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Prorocentrum species /." Electronic version (PDF), 2003. http://dl.uncw.edu/etd/2003/williamsj/jenniferwilliams.pdf.

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Bandara, Hennaka Mudiyanselage Herath Nihal. "Communal interactions of Candida and bacteria in mixed species biofilms." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2011. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B4647951X.

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Robles, Olvera Victor José. "Comparaison de la croissance de pseudomonas species et listeria species en milieu liquide et en viande de boeuf." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999CLF22121.

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La microbiologie previsionnelle a pour but de decrire par des modeles la croissance de micro-organismes en fonction de facteurs tels que la temperature, le ph et l'activite de l'eau. Nous nous sommes interesses a l'application des modeles de prediction de croissance de pseudomonas species elabores a partir de donnees obtenues en milieu liquide pour la prediction de la croissance dans des aliments solides. Trois souches representatives de pseudomonas species ont ete choisies pour l'elaboration des modeles : p. Fragi 162, de croissance rapide et p. Fragi k1, de croissance lente parmi les p. Fragi ainsi que p. Fluorescens 58, souche de croissance lente. Les modeles ont ete developpes a partir des donnees de croissance obtenues dans les 16 conditions d'un plan central composite (temperature de 2 a 14c, ph de 5,4 a 7 et a#w de 0,96 a 1). Les modeles ont ete valides par des experiences en milieu liquide puis par des experiences de croissance de souches pures en surface de viande decontaminee. Nous n'avons pas trouve de difference significative entre les croissances en milieu liquide et en milieu solide. Le choix des souches s'est revele satisfaisant car les courbes de croissance de pseudomonas species obtenues en viande hachee et en surface de viande ont pu etre predites par les modeles des trois souches.
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Prothiwa, Michaela [Verfasser]. "Inhibition of Quinolone Biosynthesis in Pseudomonas aerugionsa and Burkholderia species / Michaela Prothiwa." Konstanz : KOPS Universität Konstanz, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1237222036/34.

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Books on the topic "Pseudomonas species"

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Singh, Ranji. Reactive oxygen species and aluminum stress in Pseudomonas Fluorescens. Sudbury, Ont: Laurentian University, 2003.

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J, Chapman Peter, and United States. Environmental Protection Agency, eds. Physiological properties and substrate specificity of a pentachlorophenol-degrading Pseudomonas species. [Washington, D.C.?: Environmental Protection Agency], 1994.

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McDonald, John Marc. Studies on the stimulation of exopolymer production in a pseudomonas species by cell-free extracts. [s.l: s.n.], 1987.

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DeLuca, Dan A. The optimal production of the enzyme cofactor pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) by different species of pseudomonas. Sudbury, Ont: Laurentian University, 1993.

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Marshall, Emmalee. A comparison of the exopolysaccharide component of an exopolymer produced by a pseudomonas species when grown in two different media. Sudbury, Ont: Laurentian University, 1990.

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Physiological properties and substrate specificity of a pentachlorophenol-degrading Pseudomonas species. [Washington, D.C.?: Environmental Protection Agency], 1994.

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Kline, Richard M. Study of the Somatic Antigens and Biochemical Properties of Selected Species of the Genus Pseudomonas. Creative Media Partners, LLC, 2021.

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Hutcheon, Carolyn Jamie. Active Oxygen species accumulation in the immunization and manifestation stages of systemic acquired resistance during and Arabidopsis Thaliana-Pseudomonas Syringae pv tomato interaction. 1998.

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Wilson, A. P. R. Microbiological surveillance in the critically ill. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199600830.003.0281.

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Patients in the ICU are at high risk of acquiring multiresistant pathogens. Surveillance quickly identifies outbreaks and promotes antimicrobial stewardship. Catheter-related bacteraemia is often used as a performance measure and intervention using a package of preventative measures can be very successful. Ventilator-associated pneumonia in contrast can be difficult to define accurately. Water sources should be monitored. Pseudomonas aeruginosa may become established in taps and cause invasive infections especially in neonates. Screening of nasal swabs for MRSA followed by topical suppression has been effective in reducing spread during ICU admission. With rising prevalence of multiresistant Gram-negative species, screening of faeces or rectal swabs may become necessary. Acinetobacter is very disruptive if it causes an outbreak and it can be difficult to control. Screening is one method of limiting its’ spread. National surveillance networks are increasing and may be mandatory as they appear to be successful in controlling nosocomial infection.
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Book chapters on the topic "Pseudomonas species"

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Verma, Amrisha, and Reuben Ramphal. "Glycosylation Islands of Pseudomonas Species." In Pseudomonas, 31–56. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6097-7_2.

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Jensen, Lars Juhl, Marie Skovgaard, Thomas Sicheritz-Pontén, Niclas Tue Hansen, Helle Johansson, Merete Kjær Jørgensen, Kristoffer Kiil, Peter F. Hallin, and David Ussery. "Comparative Genomics of Four Pseudomonas Species." In Pseudomonas, 139–64. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-9086-0_5.

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Meyer, Jean-Marie, and Alain Stintzi. "Iron Metabolism and Siderophores in Pseudomonas and Related Species." In Pseudomonas, 201–43. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-0120-0_7.

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Höfte, Monica, and Paul De Vos. "Plant pathogenic Pseudomonas species." In Plant-Associated Bacteria, 507–33. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-4538-7_14.

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Konkit, Maytiya, and Van Thai Than. "Genomic Islands in Pseudomonas Species." In Microbial Genomic Islands in Adaptation and Pathogenicity, 233–53. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-9342-8_12.

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Willems, A., and P. Vandamme. "Phytopathogenic “Pseudomonas” Species: a Taxonomic Overview." In Pseudomonas syringae and related pathogens, 653–65. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-0133-4_72.

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Meliani, Amina. "Bioremediation Strategies Employed by Pseudomonas Species." In Bacterial Metabolites in Sustainable Agroecosystem, 351–83. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-24654-3_14.

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Tian, D. H., D. E. Stead, and R. H. A. Coutts. "Diversity of Epiphytic Pseudomonads on Grass and other Plant Species." In Pseudomonas syringae and related pathogens, 51–60. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-0133-4_5.

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Stead, D. E., S. A. Simpkins, S. A. Weller, J. Hennessy, A. Aspin, H. Stanford, N. C. Smith, and J. G. Elphinstone. "Classification and Identification of Plant Pathogenic Pseudomonas species by REP-PCR Derived Genetic Fingerprints." In Pseudomonas syringae and related pathogens, 411–20. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-0133-4_45.

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Bull, C. T., P. H. Goldman, N. A. Cintas, and S. T. Koike. "Identification of Pseudomonas Species from a Variety of Hosts in the Salinas Valley of California." In Pseudomonas syringae and related pathogens, 607–15. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-0133-4_66.

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Conference papers on the topic "Pseudomonas species"

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Merum, Pandu, Yuchuan Chu, Feng Shi, and Yong Cao. "Biological effects in Pseudomonas species by the non-thermal atmospheric pressure plasma conditions." In 2017 6th International Conference on Energy and Environmental Protection (ICEEP 2017). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/iceep-17.2017.144.

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Zheleznyakov, S. V., V. K. Lebedeva, T. V. Kalinina, A. P. Kozhemyakov, and L. M. Jacobi. "Analysis of Pseudomonas fluorescens inoculation effect on the work of mycorrhiza formed on black medic by arbuscular fungi differing in symbiotic activity." In 2nd International Scientific Conference "Plants and Microbes: the Future of Biotechnology". PLAMIC2020 Organizing committee, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.28983/plamic2020.288.

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The influence of rhizobacteria Pseudomonas fluorescens, as well as four species of fungi from the Glomeromycota phylum on the productivity of black medic in mono - and double (fungus + bacteria) inoculation was studied. A high dependence of the results on the symbiotic activity of mycosymbiont was established.
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Oboirien, Bilainu O., P. E. Molokwane, and Evans M. N. Chirwa. "Bioremediation of Organic Pollutants in a Radioactive Wastewater." In The 11th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2007-7014.

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Bioremediation holds the promise as a cost effective treatment technology for a wide variety of hazardous pollutants. In this study, the biodegradation of organic compounds discharged together with radioactive wastes is investigated. Nuclear process wastewater was simulated by a mixture of phenol and strontium, which is a major radionuclide found in radioactive wastewater. Phenol was used in the study as a model compound due to its simplicity of molecular structure. Moreover, the biodegradation pathway of phenol is well known. Biodegradation studies were conducted using pure cultures of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Pseudomonas putida. The rate of phenol degradation by both species was found to be higher in the test without strontium. This suggests some degree of inhibition in the degradation of phenol by strontium. There was no phenol degradation in the sterile controls. The results indicate the feasibility of the biodegradation of organic pollutants discharged in radioactive effluents by specialised microbial cultures.
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Natarajan, V., P. Fu, R. Ramchandran, Y. Liu, Y. Zhao, N. Parinandi, and J. Sadoshima. "Pseudomonas Aeruginosa MediatesNuclear NOX4-Dependent Reactive Oxygen Species Generation, and Histone Acetylation by HDAC1/2 Oxidation in Lung Epithelium." In American Thoracic Society 2021 International Conference, May 14-19, 2021 - San Diego, CA. American Thoracic Society, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2021.203.1_meetingabstracts.a4189.

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Hassanpourfard, Mahtab, Amin Valiei, Thomas Thundat, Yang Liu, and Aloke Kumar. "Biofilm Streamer Formation in a Microfluidic Porous Media Mimic." In ASME 2014 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2014-38956.

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Several bacterial species possess the ability to attach to surfaces and colonize themselves in thin films called biofilms. Biofilms that grow in porous media are relevant to several industrial and environmental processes such as wastewater treatment and CO2 sequestration. We used Pseudomonas fluorescens, a gram negative aerobic biofilm forming bacteria, to investigate biofilm formation in a microfluidic porous media mimic device. The microfluidic device consists of an array of micro-posts, which were fabricated using soft-lithography. Subsequently, biofilm formation in this device was investigated as a function of time and the formation of filamentous biofilms known as streamers was observed. Furthermore, we used computational fluid mechanics simulation to better understanding of the streamer formation.
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A.GHAFIL, Jenan, Nihad Taha Mohammed JADDOA, and Marwa shakib ALRAWI. "ACALYPHA AUSTRALIS PLANT PROMISING TREATMENT AGAINST BACTERIA." In VI.International Scientific Congress of Pure,Applied and Technological Sciences. Rimar Academy, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.47832/minarcongress6-31.

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The research aimedtoevaluate theantibacterial effect of ethanol extract of Acalypha australisagainst eightbacterialstrains (Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Actinomyces, Proteus mirabilis and Streptococcus pneumonia) with concentrations ranged from 3.90 to 2000 µg/ml. The sensitivity of bacterial isolates to various antibiotics was tested by VITIK2 Densi-Check equipment. The xtricate was made by a soaked powder of Acalypha australis with 80%ethanol in the unit of soxhlet extractions and after that was aseptically sifted. The antibacterial effects of theextricate were surveyed utilizing the agar dissemination strategy and the broth microdilution-method, which was utilized to gauge the extract's minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC). Results appearedthat the ethanol-extricate has antibacterial action in a concentration-dependent way, with the normal distance across zone of hindrance watched against bacterial segragates extending from 15±0.5 mm to 25±0.5 mmThe xtract had the greatest effectagainst E. coli, followed by P. aeruginosa, and the least effect against P. mirabilis. The extract's minimal inhibitory concentration varies from one species to another, ranging from 31.25 to 250 µg/ml.
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Zhang, L., L. Borish, and D. P. Albon. "Presence of Fungal Species in Sputum of Adult Patients with Cystic Fibrosis Is Associated with Pseudomonas Spp. Colonization, Frequent Exacerbations, Inhaled Antibiotic and Steroid Use Single Center Experience." In American Thoracic Society 2020 International Conference, May 15-20, 2020 - Philadelphia, PA. American Thoracic Society, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2020.201.1_meetingabstracts.a2115.

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Glazunova, Darina, Polina Kuryntseva, Polina Galitskaya, and Svetlana Selivanovskaya. "ASSESSMENT OF THE DIVERSITY OF RHIZOSPHERIC CULTIVATED BACTERIA IN WHEAT PLANTS GROWN ON DIFFERENT SOIL TYPES." In 22nd SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 2022. STEF92 Technology, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2022v/6.2/s25.11.

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Microbial communities associated with the plant rhizosphere play an important role in carbon sequestration, regulation of nutrient cycling, and the efficient functioning of the ecosystem as a whole. The diversity of microorganisms inhabiting the plant rhizosphere and their complex interactions with the host plant significantly affect the morphology, physiology, growth, development, and health of plants. At the same time, it is known that the soil microbiome diversity is affected by the type of soil, the type of cultivated crop, and the method of tillage. In this study, the abundance and diversity of cultivated bacteria of the rhizosphere microbiome of wheat was assessed. Rhizospheric soil samples were taken from 5 fields with different types of soils (Greyzem, Chernozem, Podzols, Podzoluvisols, Podzoluvisols). Cultivated bacteria from the rhizosphere soil were isolated on meat-peptone and soil agars, and their number was determined. It has been established that the cultivated bacterial rhizobiome was least diverse in wheat plants grown on medium podzolic soil. The MALDI-TOF method was used to identify isolated cultivated isolate species. The genera Achromobacter, Acinetobacter, Bacillus, Microbacterium, Paenibacillus, Pseudomonas, Stenotrophomonas predominated among the isolated bacteria.
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Tyrkov, Alexey, Svetlana Luzhnova, Evgenia Utyaganova, and Ekaterina Yurtayeva. "Promising materials based on Tetrahydro-[1,2,4]Oxadiazole[3,2-C][1,4]Oxazine for innovative biotechnologies." In "The Caspian in the Digital Age" within the framework of the International Scientific Forum "Caspian 2021: Ways of Sustainable Development". Dela Press Publishing House, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.56199/dpcsebm.sddh5085.

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The synthesis of 2-[(1,3-diphenyl-1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-yl) dinitromethyl]-5,6,8,8a-tetrahydro-[1,2,4] oxadiazol[3,2-c][1,4] oxazine is caused by the reaction of morpholine interaction in the presence of hydrogen peroxide with 2-(1,3-diphenyl-1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-yl)-2,2-dinitroacetonitrile and sodium tungstate in a catalytic amount. The latter interacts with an excess of KOH in ethanol to form the potassium salt aci-5-dinitromethyl-1,3-diphenyl-1H-1,2,4-triazole and 5,6,8,8a-tetrahydro-[1,2,4] oxadiazole[3,2-c] [1,4] oxazine-2-ol. The ability of compounds 3-5 to inhibit the growth and development of museum strains of Staphylococcus aureus RP, E. coli O39, Pseudomonas aeruginosa 143 and clinical strain of Streptococcus pneumonia, as well as clinically significant species of fungi Trichophyton rubrum, Microsporumcanis and Candida albicans was investigated. It was revealed that the compounds have bacteriostatic activity against the studied bacterial strains: 3 and 4 expressed in a range of low concentrations. Compounds 3-5 demonstrate a fungistatic effect: compound 3 in a range of low concentrations. In relation to fungal strains, compounds 3-5 demonstrate a fungistatic effect: compound 3 in the range of low concentrations. Thus, as a result of the implementation of the "one pot" process, it is possible to embed oxadiazoline and oxazine cycles into the main (central) part of the compound 1 molecule, which leads to the synthesis of new drugs with antimicrobial and antifungal activity.
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Stanković, Marina M., Jelena Z. Pribojac, Jelena N. Terzić, and Olgica D. Stefanović. "EFFECT OF PLANT EXTRACTS ON BACTERIAL GROWTH AND POTENTIAL MECHANISM OF ACTION." In 1st INTERNATIONAL Conference on Chemo and BioInformatics. Institute for Information Technologies, University of Kragujevac, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/iccbi21.343s.

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Mentha piperita and Melissa officinalis are both well-known medicinal plants that have applications in traditional medicine. In this research the antibacterial activity of the ethanol extracts of M. piperita and M. officinalis was examined against 14 bacterial strains via the microdilution method. Minimum inhibitory concentrations of ethanol extracts of both plant species ranged from 0.312 to 20 mg/mL. Standard strains of Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 at a concentration of 0.312 mg/mL and Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633 at a concentration of 1.25 mg/mL showed the highest sensitivity to the ethanol extract of M. piperita. Ethanol extract of M. officinalis showed antibacterial activity on standard strains of S. aureus ATCC 25923 and B. subtilis ATCC 6633 at a concentration of 0.625 mg/mL. In addition to the mentioned standard strains, it showed activity on the isolate from the food Proteus spp. at a concentration of 0.312 mg/mL and isolate from the wound Proteus mirabilis at a concentration of 0.625 mg/mL. Mechanism of action of the ethanol extract of M. officinalis was examined on the permeability of the bacterial cell membrane. The effect of the extract on the increased permeability of the cell membrane was measured based on the release of proteins and the percentage of crystal violet binding. Ethanol extract of M. officinalis has been shown to act at the level of the cell membrane in the following bacterial strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, S. aureus and Enterococcus spp.
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Reports on the topic "Pseudomonas species"

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Daniel P. Molloy. LETHALITY OF PSEUDOMONAS FLUORESCENS STRAIN CLO145A TO THE 2 ZEBRA MUSSEL SPECIES PRESENT IN NORTH AMERICA. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/811381.

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Chen, Yona, Jeffrey Buyer, and Yitzhak Hadar. Microbial Activity in the Rhizosphere in Relation to the Iron Nutrition of Plants. United States Department of Agriculture, October 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1993.7613020.bard.

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Iron is the fourth most abundant element in the soil, but since it forms insoluble hydroxides at neutral and basic pH, it often falls short of meeting the basic requirements of plants and microorganisms. Most aerobic and facultative aerobic microorganisms possess a high-affinity Fe transport system in which siderophores are excreted and the consequent Fe complex is taken up via a cognate specific receptor and a transport pathway. The role of the siderophore in Fe uptake by plants and microorganisms was the focus of this study. In this research Rhizopus arrhizus was found to produce a novel siderophore named Rhizoferrin when grown under Fe deficiency. This compound was purified and its chemical structure was elucidated. Fe-Rhizoferrin was found to alleviate Fe deficiency when applied to several plants grown in nutrient solutions. It was concluded that Fe-Rhizoferrin is the most efficient Fe source for plants when compared with other among microbial siderophores known to date and its activity equals that of the most efficient synthetic commercial iron fertilizer-Fe EDDHA. Siderophores produced by several rhizosphere organisms including Rhizopus Pseudomonas were purified. Monoclonal antibodies were produced and used to develop a method for detection of the siderophores produced by plant-growth-promoting microorganisms in barley rhizosphere. The presence of an Fe-ferrichrome uptake in fluorescent Pseudomonas spp. was demonstrated, and its structural requirements were mapped in P. putida with the help of biomimetic ferrichrome analogs. Using competition experiments, it was shown that FOB, Cop B and FC share at least one common determinant in their uptake pathway. Since FC analogs did not affect FOB or Cop-mediated 55Fe uptake, it could be concluded that these siderophores make use of a different receptor(s) than FC. Therefore, recognition of Cop, FOB and FC proceeds through different receptors having different structural requirements. On the other hand, the phytosiderophores mugineic acid (MA and DMA), were utilized indirectly via ligand exchange by P. putida. Receptors from different biological systems seem to differ in their structural requirements for siderophore recognition and uptake. The design of genus- or species-specific drugs, probes or chemicals, along with an understanding of plant-microbe and microbe-microbe relationships as well as developing methods to detect siderophores using monoclonal antibodies are useful for manipulating the composition of the rhizosphere microbial population for better plant growth, Fe-nutrition and protection from diseases.
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Phillips, Donald A., Yitzhak Spiegel, and Howard Ferris. Optimizing nematode management by defining natural chemical bases of behavior. United States Department of Agriculture, November 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2006.7587234.bard.

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This project was based on the hypothesis that nematodes interacting with plants as either parasites or beneficial saprophytes are attracted to their host by natural products. This concept was supported by numerous observations that parasitic nematodes are attracted to root exudates. Our overall goal was to identify nematode sensory compounds from root exudates and to use that information for reducing nematicide applications. We applied skills of the investigators to achieve three specific objectives: 1) Identify nematode behavioral cues (e.g., attractants or repellents) in root exudates; 2) Identify new natural nematicidal compounds; and 3) Combine a natural attractant and a nematicide into a nematode trap. Because saprophytic nematodes benefit plants by mineralizing organic matter, we sought compounds attractive primarily to parasitic nematodes. The project was constructed on several complementary foundations. First, data from Dr. Spiegel’s lab showed that under aseptic conditions Ditylenchus dipsaci, a parasite on onion, is attracted to certain fractions of onion root exudates. Second, PI Phillips had a sizeable collection of natural plant products he had identified from previous work on Rhizobium-legume interactions, which could be tested “off the shelf”. Third, Dr. Ferris had access to aseptic and natural populations of various saprophytic and parasitic nematodes. The project focused on five nematode species: D.dipsaci, Heterodera avenae, and Tylenchulussemipenetransat ARO, and Meloidogyne javanicand Caenorhabditis elegans at UCD. Ten pure plant compounds, mostly flavonoids, were tested on the various nematode species using six different assay systems. Results obtained with assorted test systems and by various scientists in the same test systems were essentially irreproducible. Many convincing, Many convincing, i.e. statistically significant, results in one system or with one investigator could not be repeated with other assays or different people. A recent report from others found that these compounds, plus another 30, were inactive as attractants in three additional parasitic nematode species (Wuyts et al. Nematology 8:89- 101, 2006). Assays designed to test the hypothesis that several compounds together are required to attract nematodes have thus far failed to find a reproducibly active combination. In contrast to results using pure plant compounds, complex unfractionated exudates from aseptic onion root reproducibly attracted D. dipsaci in both the ARO and UCD labs. Onion root exudate collection, separation into HPLC fractions, assays using D. dipsaci and MS-MS experiments proceeded collaboratively between ARO and UCD without any definitive identification of an active compound. The final active fraction contained two major molecules and traces of several other compounds. In the end, analytical studies were limited by the amount of onion root exudate and the complexity of the purification process. These tests showed that aseptic plant roots release attractant molecules, but whether nematodes influence that release, as insects trigger release of attractants from plants, is unknown. Related experiments showed that the saprophyte C. elegans stimulates its prey, Pseudomonas bacteria, to increase production of 2, 4-diacetylphloroglucinol (DAPG) a compound that promotes amino acid exudation by plant roots. It is thus possible that saprophytic nematodes are attracted primarily to their bacterial or fungal prey and secondarily to effects of those microorganisms on root exudation. These observations offer promising avenues for understanding root-zone interactions, but no direct routes to controlling nematodes in agriculture were evident. Extracts from two plant sources, Chrysanthemum coronarium and Sequoia sempervirens, showed nematicidal activity at ARO and UCD, respectively. Attempts to purify an active compound from S. sempervirens failed, but preliminary results from C. coronarium are judged to form a potential basis for further work at ARO. These results highlight the problems of studying complex movement patterns in sentient organisms like nematodes and the issues associated with natural product isolation from complex mixtures. Those two difficulties combined with complications now associated with obtaining US visas, slowed and ultimately limited progress on this project. As a result, US investigators expended only 65% of the $207,400 originally planned for this project. The Israeli side of the project advanced more directly toward its scientific goals and lists its expenditures in the customary financial report.
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Irudayaraj, Joseph, Ze'ev Schmilovitch, Amos Mizrach, Giora Kritzman, and Chitrita DebRoy. Rapid detection of food borne pathogens and non-pathogens in fresh produce using FT-IRS and raman spectroscopy. United States Department of Agriculture, October 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2004.7587221.bard.

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Rapid detection of pathogens and hazardous elements in fresh fruits and vegetables after harvest requires the use of advanced sensor technology at each step in the farm-to-consumer or farm-to-processing sequence. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and the complementary Raman spectroscopy, an advanced optical technique based on light scattering will be investigated for rapid and on-site assessment of produce safety. Paving the way toward the development of this innovative methodology, specific original objectives were to (1) identify and distinguish different serotypes of Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella typhimurium, and Bacillus cereus by FTIR and Raman spectroscopy, (2) develop spectroscopic fingerprint patterns and detection methodology for fungi such as Aspergillus, Rhizopus, Fusarium, and Penicillium (3) to validate a universal spectroscopic procedure to detect foodborne pathogens and non-pathogens in food systems. The original objectives proposed were very ambitious hence modifications were necessary to fit with the funding. Elaborate experiments were conducted for sensitivity, additionally, testing a wide range of pathogens (more than selected list proposed) was also necessary to demonstrate the robustness of the instruments, most crucially, algorithms for differentiating a specific organism of interest in mixed cultures was conceptualized and validated, and finally neural network and chemometric models were tested on a variety of applications. Food systems tested were apple juice and buffer systems. Pathogens tested include Enterococcus faecium, Salmonella enteritidis, Salmonella typhimurium, Bacillus cereus, Yersinia enterocolitis, Shigella boydii, Staphylococus aureus, Serratiamarcescens, Pseudomonas vulgaris, Vibrio cholerae, Hafniaalvei, Enterobacter cloacae, Enterobacter aerogenes, E. coli (O103, O55, O121, O30 and O26), Aspergillus niger (NRRL 326) and Fusarium verticilliodes (NRRL 13586), Saccharomyces cerevisiae (ATCC 24859), Lactobacillus casei (ATCC 11443), Erwinia carotovora pv. carotovora and Clavibacter michiganense. Sensitivity of the FTIR detection was 103CFU/ml and a clear differentiation was obtained between the different organisms both at the species as well as at the strain level for the tested pathogens. A very crucial step in the direction of analyzing mixed cultures was taken. The vector based algorithm was able to identify a target pathogen of interest in a mixture of up to three organisms. Efforts will be made to extend this to 10-12 key pathogens. The experience gained was very helpful in laying the foundations for extracting the true fingerprint of a specific pathogen irrespective of the background substrate. This is very crucial especially when experimenting with solid samples as well as complex food matrices. Spectroscopic techniques, especially FTIR and Raman methods are being pursued by agencies such as DARPA and Department of Defense to combat homeland security. Through the BARD US-3296-02 feasibility grant, the foundations for detection, sample handling, and the needed algorithms and models were developed. Successive efforts will be made in transferring the methodology to fruit surfaces and to other complex food matrices which can be accomplished with creative sampling methods and experimentation. Even a marginal success in this direction will result in a very significant breakthrough because FTIR and Raman methods, in spite of their limitations are still one of most rapid and nondestructive methods available. Continued interest and efforts in improving the components as well as the refinement of the procedures is bound to result in a significant breakthrough in sensor technology for food safety and biosecurity.
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