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Journal articles on the topic 'Pseudolo'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 11 March 2023

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1

Fontana, Fernando F., Steven Tassios, Jessica Stromberg, Caroline Tiddy, Ben van der Hoek, and Yulia A. Uvarova. "Integrated Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) and Multivariate Wavelet Tessellation: A New, Rapid Approach for Lithogeochemical Analysis and Interpretation." Minerals 11, no. 3 (March 17, 2021): 312. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min11030312.

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This paper demonstrates a novel approach that uses wavelet tessellation in rapid analysis of raw geochemical data produced by laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) to produce pseudologs that are representative of stratigraphy. Single-line LIBS spectral data for seven major rock-forming elements (Al, Ca, Fe, Mg, Si, Na and K) were collected from a synthetic 22-sample rock-block comprising two distinct lithological groups based on mineralogy, chemistry and texture: plutonic rocks and marble. Seven sublithologies are identified within the rock-block from traditional laboratory whole-rock geochemical analysis: marble, Mg-marble, granite, quartz monzonite, foidolite, granodiorite and gabbroic diorite. Two-domain clustering (k = 2) on raw spectral LIBS data combined with wavelet tessellation was applied to generate a simplified lithological stratigraphy of marble and plutonic rocks and generate a pseudolog identical to the rock-block stratigraphy. A pseudolog generated from seven-domain clustering (k = 7) and wavelet tessellation successfully discriminated most sublithologies within the rock-block slabs, especially marble slabs. Small-scale units were identified within the more mineralogically and geochemically complex plutonic slabs. The spatial resolution of the LIBS analysis, with a measurement spacing of ~0.35 mm, allowed for assessment of individual mineral compositions and rock textures, and small-scale units within the plutonic rocks can be correlated to specific coarse-grained minerals or mineralogical associations. The application of the wavelet tessellation method to raw LIBS geochemical data offers the possibility of rapid and objective lithogeochemical analysis and interpretations which can predate further analysis (quantitative) and supplement geological logging.

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2

Wang, Xiaoming, and Robert S. Hoffmann. "Pseudois nayaur and Pseudois schaeferi." Mammalian Species, no. 278 (February 27, 1987): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3503993.

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3

Wencis, Leonard P., Plautus, and M. M. Willcock. "Plautus: Pseudolus." Classical World 83, no. 2 (1989): 126. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4350575.

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4

Neff, Ellen P. "Pseudoloma phenotypes." Lab Animal 49, no. 7 (June 24, 2020): 197. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41684-020-0589-y.

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5

Dvurečenskij, A., and O. Zahiri. "Orthocomplete pseudoMV-algebras." International Journal of General Systems 45, no. 7-8 (August 29, 2016): 889–909. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03081079.2016.1220008.

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6

Tornau, Christian. "Pseudolus – ‹der Blender›." Antike und Abendland 51, no. 1 (November 16, 2005): 43–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783110182514.43.

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7

van Haastert, Peter J. M. "Unified control of amoeboid pseudopod extension in multiple organisms by branched F-actin in the front and parallel F-actin/myosin in the cortex." PLOS ONE 15, no. 12 (December 9, 2020): e0243442. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0243442.

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The trajectory of moving eukaryotic cells depends on the kinetics and direction of extending pseudopods. The direction of pseudopods has been well studied to unravel mechanisms for chemotaxis, wound healing and inflammation. However, the kinetics of pseudopod extension–when and why do pseudopods start and stop- is equally important, but is largely unknown. Here the START and STOP of about 4000 pseudopods was determined in four different species, at four conditions and in nine mutants (fast amoeboids Dictyostelium and neutrophils, slow mesenchymal stem cells, and fungus B.d. chytrid with pseudopod and a flagellum). The START of a first pseudopod is a random event with a probability that is species-specific (23%/s for neutrophils). In all species and conditions, the START of a second pseudopod is strongly inhibited by the extending first pseudopod, which depends on parallel filamentous actin/myosin in the cell cortex. Pseudopods extend at a constant rate by polymerization of branched F-actin at the pseudopod tip, which requires the Scar complex. The STOP of pseudopod extension is induced by multiple inhibitory processes that evolve during pseudopod extension and mainly depend on the increasing size of the pseudopod. Surprisingly, no differences in pseudopod kinetics are detectable between polarized, unpolarized or chemotactic cells, and also not between different species except for small differences in numerical values. This suggests that the analysis has uncovered the fundament of cell movement with distinct roles for stimulatory branched F-actin in the protrusion and inhibitory parallel F-actin in the contractile cortex.

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8

PEÑA-IGLESIAS, A. "APRICOT PSEUDOPOX (VIRUELA) DISEASE." Acta Horticulturae, no. 209 (May 1988): 163–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.1988.209.18.

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9

Grošelj, Nada. "Iz Plavtovega Kljukca (Pseudolus)." Keria: Studia Latina et Graeca 12, no. 2-3 (December 31, 2010): 415. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/keria.12.2-3.415-419.

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Zgodba je naslednja: Atenski mladenič Kalidor je zaljubljen v kurtizano Fojnikijo, ki pripada zvodniku Balionu, glavnemu negativcu v igri. V uvodnem prizoru Kalidor pokaže družinskemu sužnju Kljukcu (Pseudolus) pismo, v katerem ga Fojnikija prosi za pomoč, ker jo je kupil neki makedonski vojak za dvajset min; petnajst min je plačal vnaprej, preostalih pet pa naj bi prav tega dne prinesel njegov sel, ki bo dokazal svojo istovetnost z dogovorjenim znamenjem – pismom s pečatnim odtisom vojakovega portreta. Kljukec obljubi Kalidoru, da bo preprečil prodajo njegove ljubice. Ko prispe vojakov sel Grabež (Harpax), Kljukec od njega z zvijačo pridobi vojakovo pismo in prepoznavno znamenje, nato pa pošlje k Balionu drugega pretkanega sužnja, Pavijana (Simia), da se izdaja za vojakovega slugo in odpelje Fojnikijo na varno. Ta osrednji dogodek v drami – prevara Baliona – je prikazan v gornjem odlomku.– Prevod celotne komedije bo še v letu 2010 izšel pri Celjski Mohorjevi družbi.

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10

Stossel, T. P. "From signal to pseudopod." Journal of Biological Chemistry 264, no. 31 (November 1989): 18261–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0021-9258(18)51454-x.

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11

Ryan, Michael P., C. Helen Malone, Brandon P. Goodwin, and Richard F. Wagner. "Pseudohalo Basal Cell Carcinoma." Dermatologic Surgery 44, no. 11 (November 2018): 1462–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/dss.0000000000001510.

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12

van Haastert, Peter J. M. "Symmetry Breaking during Cell Movement in the Context of Excitability, Kinetic Fine-Tuning and Memory of Pseudopod Formation." Cells 9, no. 8 (July 30, 2020): 1809. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells9081809.

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The path of moving eukaryotic cells depends on the kinetics and direction of extending pseudopods. Amoeboid cells constantly change their shape with pseudopods extending in different directions. Detailed analysis has revealed that time, place and direction of pseudopod extension are not random, but highly ordered with strong prevalence for only one extending pseudopod, with defined life-times, and with reoccurring events in time and space indicative of memory. Important components are Ras activation and the formation of branched F-actin in the extending pseudopod and inhibition of pseudopod formation in the contractile cortex of parallel F-actin/myosin. In biology, order very often comes with symmetry. In this essay, I discuss cell movement and the dynamics of pseudopod extension from the perspective of symmetry and symmetry changes of Ras activation and the formation of branched F-actin in the extending pseudopod. Combining symmetry of Ras activation with kinetics and memory of pseudopod extension results in a refined model of amoeboid movement that appears to be largely conserved in the fast moving Dictyostelium and neutrophils, the slow moving mesenchymal stem cells and the fungus B.d. chytrid.

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13

Hallett, Judith P. "Gender, Class and Roman Rhetoric: Assessing the Writing of Plautus' Phoenicium (Pseudolus 41–73)." Journal for the History of Rhetoric 9, no. 1 (January 1, 2006): 33–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.5325/jhistrhetoric.9.1.0033.

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Abstract At Pseudolus 41–73 Plautus represents the slave Pseudolus as reading a passionate letter from the courtesan Phoenicium to his master, Calidorus. Pseudolus and Calidorus offer strikingly different reactions to the letter. Calidorus praises its style and content, but Pseudolus ridicules both—with a string of sexual insults. In this essay I focus upon gender and class as factors in the literary reception of Phoenicium's writing in Plautus' comedy. My discussion compares the writing attributed to Phoenicium with several second century BCE texts by men. In light of these comparisons, I argue that Pseudolus unfairly holds Phoenicium's writing to standards different from those applied to males, and I suggest that social class—that of the critic as well as the writer—played a complex role in the public assessment of what Roman women said and how they said it.

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14

Fabian, Jürgen, and Hans Junek. "Zur Farbigkeit der Pseudooxo-Krokonsäurebisamide." Monatshefte für Chemie - Chemical Monthly 116, no. 5 (May 1985): 625–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00798787.

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15

Turrión-Merino, L., F. Alfageme-Roldán, I. Salgüero-Fernández, C. Martínez-Mera, and G. Roustan-Gullon. "Pseudoflow in adnexal skin tumors." Actas Dermo-Sifiliográficas (English Edition) 111, no. 7 (September 2020): 621–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.adengl.2020.07.002.

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16

Klimaszewski, Jan. "Aleocharinae rove beetles (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) of the ancient Sitka spruce forest on Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada: new synonymy and generic considerations." Canadian Entomologist 135, no. 6 (December 2003): 867–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/n03-020.

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AbstractAtheta vancouveri Klimaszewski, 2002, described from Vancouver Island, is a junior synonym of Pseudota nescia Casey, 1910, described from the Queen Charlotte Islands. The combination Atheta (Pseudota) nescia (Casey, 1910) is proposed.

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17

Sepsenwol, S., H. Ris, and T. M. Roberts. "A unique cytoskeleton associated with crawling in the amoeboid sperm of the nematode, Ascaris suum." Journal of Cell Biology 108, no. 1 (January 1, 1989): 55–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.108.1.55.

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Nematode sperm extend pseudopods and pull themselves over substrates. They lack an axoneme or the actin and myosins of other types of motile cells, but their pseudopods contain abundant major sperm protein (MSP), a family of 14-kD polypeptides found exclusively in male gametes. Using high voltage electron microscopy, a unique cytoskeleton was discovered in the pseudopod of in vitro-activated, crawling sperm of the pig intestinal nematode Ascaris suum. It consists of 5-10-nm fuzzy fibers organized into 150-250-nm-thick fiber complexes, which connect to each of the moving pseudopodial membrane projections, villipodia, which in turn make contact with the substrate. Individual fibers in a complex splay out radially from its axis in all directions. The centripetal ends intercalate with fibers from other complexes or terminate in a thickened layer just beneath the pseudopod membrane. Monoclonal antibodies directed against MSP heavily label the fiber complexes as well as individual pseudopodial filaments throughout their length. This represents the first evidence that MSP may be the major filament protein in the Ascaris sperm cytoskeleton. The large fiber complexes can be seen clearly in the pseudopods of live, crawling sperm by computer-enhanced video, differential-interference contrast microscopy, forming with the villipodia at the leading edge of the sperm pseudopod. Even before the pseudopod attaches, the entire cytoskeleton and villipodia move continuously rearwards in unison toward the cell body. During crawling, complexes and villipodia in the pseudopod recede at the same speed as the spermatozoon moves forward, both disappearing at the pseudopod-cell body junction. Sections at this region of high membrane turnover reveal a band of densely packed smooth vesicles with round and tubular profiles, some of which are associated with the pseudopod plasma membrane. The exceptional anatomy, biochemistry, and phenomenology of Ascaris sperm locomotion permit direct study of the involvement of the cytoskeleton in amoeboid motility.

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18

Makino, Ayako, Eric R. Prossnitz, Moritz Bünemann, Ji Ming Wang, Weijuan Yao, and Geert W. Schmid-Schönbein. "G protein-coupled receptors serve as mechanosensors for fluid shear stress in neutrophils." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 290, no. 6 (June 2006): C1633—C1639. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.00576.2005.

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Many cells respond to fluid shear stress but in a cell type-specific fashion. Fluid shear stress applied to leukocytes serves to control pseudopod formation, migration, and other functions. Specifically, fresh neutrophils or neutrophilic leukocytes derived from differentiated HL60 cells respond to fluid shear stress by cytoplasmic pseudopod retraction. The membrane elements that sense fluid shear and induce such a specific response are still unknown, however. We hypothesized that membrane receptors may serve as fluid shear sensors. We found that fluid shear decreased the constitutive activity of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). Inhibition of GPCR constitutive activity by inverse agonists abolished fluid shear stress-induced cell area reduction. Among the GPCRs in neutrophils, the formyl peptide receptor (FPR) exhibits relatively high constitutive activity. Undifferentiated HL60 cells that lacked FPR formed few pseudopods and showed no detectable response to fluid shear stress, whereas expression of FPR in undifferentiated HL60 cells caused pseudopod projection and robust pseudopod retraction during fluid shear. FPR small interfering RNA-transfected differentiated HL60 cells exhibited no response to fluid shear stress. These results suggest that GPCRs serve as mechanosensors for fluid shear stress in neutrophils by decreasing its constitutive activity and reducing pseudopod projection.

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19

Mondal, Pronoy Kanti, Udit Surya Saha, and Indranil Mukhopadhyay. "PseudoGA: cell pseudotime reconstruction based on genetic algorithm." Nucleic Acids Research 49, no. 14 (July 9, 2021): 7909–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkab457.

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Abstract Dynamic regulation of gene expression is often governed by progression through transient cell states. Bulk RNA-seq analysis can only detect average change in expression levels and is unable to identify this dynamics. Single cell RNA-seq presents an unprecedented opportunity that helps in placing the cells on a hypothetical time trajectory that reflects gradual transition of their transcriptomes. This continuum trajectory or ‘pseudotime’, may reveal the developmental pathway and provide us with information on dynamic transcriptomic changes and other biological processes. Existing approaches to build pseudotime heavily depend on reducing huge dimension to extremely low dimensional subspaces and may lead to loss of information. We propose PseudoGA, a genetic algorithm based approach to order cells assuming that gene expressions vary according to a smooth curve along the pseudotime trajectory. We observe superior accuracy of our method in simulated as well as benchmarking real datasets. Generality of the assumption behind PseudoGA and no dependence on dimensionality reduction technique make it a robust choice for pseudotime estimation from single cell transcriptome data. PseudoGA is also time efficient when applied to a large single cell RNA-seq data and adaptable to parallel computing. R code for PseudoGA is freely available at https://github.com/indranillab/pseudoga.

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20

Kicka, Sebastian, Zhouxin Shen, Sarah J. Annesley, Paul R. Fisher, Susan Lee, Steven Briggs, and Richard A. Firtel. "The LRRK2-related Roco kinase Roco2 is regulated by Rab1A and controls the actin cytoskeleton." Molecular Biology of the Cell 22, no. 13 (July 2011): 2198–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e10-12-0937.

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We identify a new pathway that is required for proper pseudopod formation. We show that Roco2, a leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2)-related Roco kinase, is activated in response to chemoattractant stimulation and helps mediate cell polarization and chemotaxis by regulating cortical F-actin polymerization and pseudopod extension in a pathway that requires Rab1A. We found that Roco2 binds the small GTPase Rab1A as well as the F-actin cross-linking protein filamin (actin-binding protein 120, abp120) in vivo. We show that active Rab1A (Rab1A-GTP) is required for and regulates Roco2 kinase activity in vivo and that filamin lies downstream from Roco2 and controls pseudopod extension during chemotaxis and random cell motility. Therefore our study uncovered a new signaling pathway that involves Rab1A and controls the actin cytoskeleton and pseudopod extension, and thereby, cell polarity and motility. These findings also may have implications in the regulation of other Roco kinases, including possibly LRRK2, in metazoans.

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21

Bosgraaf, Leonard, and Peter J. M. Van Haastert. "Quimp3, an automated pseudopod-tracking algorithm." Cell Adhesion & Migration 4, no. 1 (January 2010): 46–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4161/cam.4.1.9953.

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22

TOHNO, Eriko, and Hiroko BANDO. "“Pseudohalo” of breast cancer on ultrasound." Choonpa Igaku 37, no. 5 (2010): 601–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.3179/jjmu.37.601.

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23

Bungard, Christopher. "Negotiating Mastery: Staging Status in Pseudolus." Classical Journal 111, no. 1 (2015): 67–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/tcj.2015.0027.

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24

Van Haastert, P. J. M. "Chemotaxis: insights from the extending pseudopod." Journal of Cell Science 123, no. 18 (September 1, 2010): 3031–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jcs.071118.

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25

Lowe, J. C. B. "The Cook Scene of Plautus' Pseudolus." Classical Quarterly 35, no. 2 (December 1985): 411–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0009838800040258.

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H. Dohm has amply demonstrated how the cook of Plautus, Pseud. 790ff. exhibits characteristic features of the mageiros of Greek comedy. He has also argued, however, that this scene contains substantial Plautine expansion, comparable with that which has been recognised in the cook scene of the Aulularia. I wish to suggest that Dohm is largely right but that the Plautine expansion is even more extensive than he supposes.In 790–838 Plautus is probably for the most part following his Greek model fairly closely. One can trace a logical sequence of ideas, as follows. Ballio: ‘I couldn't have found a worse cook’ (792–7). Cook: ‘Why did you hire me then?’ (798–9a). Ballio: ‘You were the only one left. And why was that?’ (799b–801a). Cook: ‘I am expensive, but nowadays people look for cheap cooks, who produce only concoctions of seasoned vegetables. That is why men are so short-lived’ (801b–25). Ballio: ‘You can make men live longer then?’ (826–8a). Cook: ‘Certainly, for 200 years’ (828b–30). The cook then proceeds to give a list of his fantastic sauces for fish and meat (834f. Neptuni/terrestris pecudes), until he is cut short by Ballio's ‘Damn your lies’ (836–8). We have here a typical comic mageiros: he is loquacious and boastful (794 multiloquom, gloriosum), claims magic powers (829f.), denigrates his rivals (810–25), reels off lists of foods, real and fictitious (814–17, 831–6), and uses grandiose language (834f. Neptuni pecudes).Within this essentially Greek section there are three short passages which look like Plautine additions. First, Dohm is surely right, following E. Fraenkel, to see 790f. as a Plautine addition.

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26

Kwintner, M. "Plautus Pseudolus 782: A Fullonious Assault." Classical Philology 87, no. 3 (July 1992): 232–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/367310.

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27

Zeng, Bo, Liu Xu, Bisong Yue, Zhijun Li, and Fangdong Zou. "Molecular phylogeography and genetic differentiation of blue sheep Pseudois nayaur szechuanensis and Pseudois schaeferi in China." Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 48, no. 2 (August 2008): 387–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2008.05.010.

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28

Lowry, Malcolm B., Anne-Marie Duchemin, John M. Robinson, and Clark L. Anderson. "Functional Separation of Pseudopod Extension and Particle Internalization during Fcγ Receptor–mediated Phagocytosis." Journal of Experimental Medicine 187, no. 2 (January 19, 1998): 161–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.187.2.161.

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Receptors for the Fc portion of immunoglobulin (Ig)G (FcγR) mediate phagocytosis of IgG-opsonized particles by a process that can be divided into four major steps: receptor–ligand binding, pseudopod extension, internalization, and lysosomal fusion. We have expressed single classes of FcγR in COS fibroblasts to examine the structural determinants necessary to complete the four steps of phagocytosis. Using phase contrast, fluorescence, confocal, and electron microscopy we have demonstrated that FcγR-expressing COS cells can phagocytose in a manner similar to that of professional phagocytes. We have further analyzed the capacity of the three classes of FcγR to phagocytose, placing special emphasis on the FcγRIA–γ chain complex, which allowed us to examine independently the roles of the ligand-binding unit (FcγRIA) and the signaling unit (γ chain). We found that receptor complexes containing a conserved tyrosine activation motif (ITAM), as found in the cytoplasmic domain of FcγRIIA and in the γ chain associated with FcγRIA and FcγRIIIA, readily internalized target particles. In contrast, FcγRIA alone, having no ITAM, was unable to internalize target particles efficiently, but did mediate pseudopod extension. Cotransfection of γ chain with FcγRIA restored the ability of the receptor to internalize target particles. A mutant FcγRIA in which the cytoplasmic domain had been deleted was also capable of mediating pseudopod extension, showing that neither the γ chain nor the cytoplasmic domain of FcγRIA were required for this step. Cytochalasin D, an inhibitor of actin polymerization, blocked particle internalization by all FcγR, but did not block pseudopod extension. Staining the FcγRIA COS cells for F-actin and for tyrosine phosphoproteins, we found that actin did not polymerize during FcγRIA-mediated pseudopod extension, nor were tyrosine kinases activated. Our data suggest that pseudopod extension and internalization are functionally distinct steps mediated through different pathways.

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29

Zhu, Cheng, Richard Skalak, and Geert W. Schmid-Scho¨nbein. "One-Dimensional Steady Continuum Model of Retraction of Pseudopod in Leukocytes." Journal of Biomechanical Engineering 111, no. 1 (February 1, 1989): 69–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3168342.

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A one-dimensional steady state continuum mechanics model of retraction of pseudopod in leukocytes is developed. The retracting pseudopod is assumed to move bodily toward the main cell body, the bulk motion of which can be represented by cytoplasmic flow within a typical stream tube through the leukocyte. The stream tube is approximated by a frictionless tube with prescribed geometry. The passive rheological properties of cytoplasm in the main cell body and in the pseudopod are modeled, respectively, by Maxwell fluid and Hookean solid. The two regions are assumed to be separated by a sharp interface at which actin gel solates and thereby changes its rheological properties as it flows from the pseudopod to the main cell body. The driving mechanism responsible for the active retraction motion is hypothesized to be a spontaneous deformation of the actin gel, analogous but not necessarily equal to the well known actin-myosin interaction. This results in an active contractile stress being developed in the pseudopod as well as in the cell cortex. The transverse traction pulls against the inclined wall of the stream tube and is transduced into an axial stress gradient, which in turn drives the flow. The tension on the tube wall is picked up by the prestressed cortical shell. Governing equations and boundary conditions are derived. A solution is obtained. Sample data are computed. Comparison of the theory with experiments shows that the model is compatible to the observations.

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30

Chodniewicz, David, and Doncho V. Zhelev. "Chemoattractant receptor–stimulated F-actin polymerization in the human neutrophil is signaled by 2 distinct pathways." Blood 101, no. 3 (February 1, 2003): 1181–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2002-05-1435.

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Abstract We characterized the overall rate of F-actin polymerization in the pseudopod region by measuring the rate of extension of single pseudopods stimulated by f-Met-Leu-Phe. The rate of pseudopod extension was measured in the presence of inhibitors for signaling molecules that are known to be involved in motility. Our data show the existence of 2 distinct signaling pathways of actin polymerization in the pseudopod region: a phosphoinositide 3-kinase γ (PI3Kγ)–dependent and –independent pathway. The PI3Kγ dependent signaling of F-actin polymerization also depends on protein kinase C ζ and protein kinase B (Akt/PKB). The PI3Kγ-independent pathway depends on GTPase RhoA, the RhoA ROCK kinase, Src family tyrosine kinases, and NADPH, and is modulated by cAMP.

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31

Bodin, Stéphane, and Matthew D. Welch. "Plasma Membrane Organization Is Essential for Balancing Competing Pseudopod- and Uropod-promoting Signals during Neutrophil Polarization and Migration." Molecular Biology of the Cell 16, no. 12 (December 2005): 5773–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e05-04-0358.

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Exposure of neutrophils to chemoattractant induces cell polarization and migration. These behaviors require the asymmetric activation of distinct signaling pathways and cytoskeletal elements in the protruding pseudopod at the front of cells and the retracting uropod at the rear. An important outstanding question is, how does the organization of the plasma membrane participate in establishing asymmetry during polarization and migration? To answer this question, we investigated the function of cholesterol, a lipid known to influence membrane organization. Using controlled cholesterol depletion, we found that a cholesterol-dependent membrane organization enabled cell polarization and migration by promoting uropod function and suppressing ectopic pseudopod formation. At a mechanistic level, we showed that cholesterol was directly required for suppressing inappropriate activation of the pseudopod-promoting Gi/PI3-kinase signaling pathway. Furthermore, cholesterol was required for dampening Gi-dependent negative feedback on the RhoA signaling pathway, thus enabling RhoA activation and uropod function. Our findings suggest a model in which a cholesterol-dependent membrane organization plays an essential role in the establishment of cellular asymmetry by balancing the activation and segregating the localization of competing pseudopod- and uropod-inducing signaling pathways during neutrophil polarization and migration.

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32

Fritz-Laylin, Lillian K., Samuel J. Lord, and R. Dyche Mullins. "WASP and SCAR are evolutionarily conserved in actin-filled pseudopod-based motility." Journal of Cell Biology 216, no. 6 (May 4, 2017): 1673–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.201701074.

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Diverse eukaryotic cells crawl through complex environments using distinct modes of migration. To understand the underlying mechanisms and their evolutionary relationships, we must define each mode and identify its phenotypic and molecular markers. In this study, we focus on a widely dispersed migration mode characterized by dynamic actin-filled pseudopods that we call “α-motility.” Mining genomic data reveals a clear trend: only organisms with both WASP and SCAR/WAVE—activators of branched actin assembly—make actin-filled pseudopods. Although SCAR has been shown to drive pseudopod formation, WASP’s role in this process is controversial. We hypothesize that these genes collectively represent a genetic signature of α-motility because both are used for pseudopod formation. WASP depletion from human neutrophils confirms that both proteins are involved in explosive actin polymerization, pseudopod formation, and cell migration. WASP and WAVE also colocalize to dynamic signaling structures. Moreover, retention of WASP together with SCAR correctly predicts α-motility in disease-causing chytrid fungi, which we show crawl at >30 µm/min with actin-filled pseudopods. By focusing on one migration mode in many eukaryotes, we identify a genetic marker of pseudopod formation, the morphological feature of α-motility, providing evidence for a widely distributed mode of cell crawling with a single evolutionary origin.

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33

Hammond, Mason, Plautus, and Peter L. Smith. "Plautus: Three Comedies: Miles Gloriosus, Pseudolus, Rudens." Classical World 85, no. 6 (1992): 712. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4351135.

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34

Kiuchi, T., and S. Ogihara. "Inhibition of pseudopod protrusion by antiannexin antibody." Seibutsu Butsuri 41, supplement (2001): S210. http://dx.doi.org/10.2142/biophys.41.s210_2.

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35

Paneru, Govind, Prem S. Thapa, Sean P. McBride, David Moore-Nichols, Bruce M. Law, and Bret N. Flanders. "Forces at individual pseudopod-filament adhesive contacts." Applied Physics Letters 99, no. 9 (August 29, 2011): 093702. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3628454.

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36

Insall, Robert H. "Understanding eukaryotic chemotaxis: a pseudopod-centred view." Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology 11, no. 6 (May 6, 2010): 453–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrm2905.

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37

Ma, Xin-Jun, Bin Qi, and Jing-Lin Xiao. "Coulomb Impurity Potential RbCl Quantum Pseudodot Qubit." Journal of Low Temperature Physics 180, no. 3-4 (June 16, 2015): 315–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10909-015-1316-8.

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38

Weber, Igor. "Is there a pilot in a pseudopod?" European Journal of Cell Biology 85, no. 9-10 (September 2006): 915–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejcb.2006.05.002.

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39

Sun, Yong, Zhao-Hua Ding, and Jing-Lin Xiao. "Temperature effect of a quantum pseudodot qubit." Chinese Journal of Physics 55, no. 6 (December 2017): 2336–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cjph.2017.09.017.

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40

Kuller, Lewis H. "The limitations of opportunistic epidemiology, pseudopod epidemiology." European Journal of Epidemiology 31, no. 10 (September 3, 2016): 957–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10654-016-0196-9.

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41

Hochbaum, Dorit S., and James B. Orlin. "Simplifications and speedups of the pseudoflow algorithm." Networks 61, no. 1 (May 19, 2012): 40–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/net.21467.

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42

Alteraifi, A. M., and D. V. Zhelev. "Transient increase of free cytosolic calcium during neutrophil motility responses." Journal of Cell Science 110, no. 16 (August 15, 1997): 1967–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jcs.110.16.1967.

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The release of free cytosolic calcium is a secondary messenger for many cell functions. Here we study the coupling between the release of intracellular calcium and motility responses of the human neutrophil. Two groups of motility responses are studied: motility responses in the presence of adhesion, such as cell crawling and phagocytosis, and motility responses ‘in suspension’, such as pseudopod formation. The motility responses are stimulated by the chemoattractant N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP) and the release of calcium is monitored by measuring the fluorescence from fluo-3. fMLP induces a single release of free cytosolic calcium both in suspended cells and in crawling cells. Calcium release is a threshold process where the number of cells releasing calcium is dependent on the chemoattractant concentration while the amount of released calcium is not. For suspended cells the threshold fMLP concentration for calcium release is in the order of 10(−7) M, while for crawling cells it is in the order of 5x10(−9) M. The smaller value of the threshold fMLP concentration for crawling cells compared to that for suspended cells suggests that bound adhesion receptors are involved in the calcium release. The threshold fMLP concentration for suspended cells is also larger than the minimum fMLP concentration (in the order of 10(−10) M) for initiating pseudopod formation. So, there is a range of fMLP concentrations where pseudopod formation occurs without calcium release. To explore this relationship further, pseudopod extension and calcium release are stimulated many times in a single cell by using fMLP concentrations above the threshold. The result is that calcium release is desensitized by fMLP while pseudopod extension is not. All the results taken together suggest that the release of free cytosolic calcium and the rearrangement of the F-actin network during motility follow different signaling pathways.

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Chodniewicz, David, and Doncho V. Zhelev. "Novel pathways of F-actin polymerization in the human neutrophil." Blood 102, no. 6 (September 15, 2003): 2251–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2002-09-2936.

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Abstract Recently we demonstrated the existence of a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)–independent F-actin polymerization during neutrophil pseudopod extension. Here we examine the use of the PI3K-dependent and PI3K-independent pathways of activation by the N-formyl peptide receptor and the chemokine receptors, and the priming of the 2 pathways by granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and insulin. The inhibition of PI3K activity with wortmannin showed that rate of pseudopod extension stimulated with N-formyl-Met-Leu-Phe (fMLP was mostly dependent on PI3K, while the rate of interleukin-8 (IL-8)–stimulated pseudopod extension was less dependent on PI3K. The incubation of cells with either GM-CSF or insulin increased the rate of pseudopod extension by 50% when the cells were stimulated with IL-8 but not with fMLP. The stimulation with IL-8 phosphorylated the PI3K regulatory subunit. This phosphorylation was enhanced by GM-CSF, which increased PI3K activity and total phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate (PtdIns(3,4,5)P3) production. The effect of GM-CSF was blocked with wortmannin. In contrast, insulin did not increase p85 phosphorylation and did not enhance PI3K activity or PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 production. The effect of insulin was insensitive to wortmannin; however, it was blocked by an Src homology 2 (SH2)–binding peptide. These data indicate that priming of IL-8 activation with GM-CSF was mediated via the PI3Ks of class IA, while priming with insulin used a PI3K-independent pathway.

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Zou, Jing, Kun Jin, Tongsheng Chen, and Xinlei Li. "The effects of substrate morphology by regulating pseudopods formation on cell directional alignment and migration." Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 55, no. 10 (December 1, 2021): 105401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6463/ac3a3d.

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Abstract When cells are cultured on the micro- or nano- structure substrate, filamentous pseudopods are formed at specific locations due to the effects of substrate morphology and local membrane curvature, which provides a powerful method to guide cell migration and neurite orientation. However, it is unclear the effects of substrate surface morphology and initial cell membrane on pseudopod formation and growth. Here, we present a quantitative thermodynamic model to investigate the difficulty of pseudopod formation. Based on the established model, we studied the effects of substrate morphology and the curvature of the initial cell membrane on filamentous pseudopods formation by analyzing the magnitude of an average driving force. We find that the pseudopod-substrate adhesion and the larger curvature radius of the initial cell membrane can facilitate filamentous pseudopods formation due to the smaller minimum resistance energy. Furthermore, our theoretical results seem to show a broad agreement with experimental observations, which implies that these studies would provide useful guidance to control the pseudopods formation on substrate for biomedical applications.

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Clemens, Daniel L., Bai-Yu Lee, and Marcus A. Horwitz. "O-Antigen-Deficient Francisella tularensis Live Vaccine Strain Mutants Are Ingested via an Aberrant Form of Looping Phagocytosis and Show Altered Kinetics of Intracellular Trafficking in Human Macrophages." Infection and Immunity 80, no. 3 (December 27, 2011): 952–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.05221-11.

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We examined the uptake and intracellular trafficking ofF. tularensisLive Vaccine Strain (LVS) and LVS with disruptions ofwbtDEFandwbtIgenes essential for synthesis of the O antigen of lipopolysaccharide. Unlike parental bacteria, O-antigen-deficient LVS is efficiently killed by serum with intact complement but not by serum lacking terminal complement components. Opsonization of O-antigen-deficient LVS in serum lacking terminal complement components allows efficient uptake of these live bacteria by macrophages. In the presence of complement, whereas parentalF. tularensisLVS is internalized within spacious pseudopod loops, mutant LVS is internalized within tightly juxtaposed multiple onion-like layers of pseudopodia. Without complement, both parental and mutant LVSs are internalized within spacious pseudopod loops. Thus, molecules other than O antigen are important in triggering dramatic pseudopod extensions and uptake by spacious pseudopod loops. Following uptake, both parental and mutant LVSs enter compartments that show limited staining for the lysosomal membrane glycoprotein CD63 and little fusion with secondary lysosomes. Subsequently, both parental and mutant LVSs lose their CD63 staining. Whereas the majority of parental LVS escapes into the cytosol by 6 h after uptake, mutant LVS shows a marked lag but does escape by 1 day after uptake. Despite the altered kinetics of phagosome escape, both mutant and parental strains grow to high levels within human macrophages. Thus, the O antigen plays a role in the morphology of uptake in the presence of complement and the kinetics of intracellular growth but is not essential for escape, survival, altered membrane trafficking, or intramacrophage growth.

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Christopher Bungard. "Negotiating Mastery: Staging Status in Pseudolus." Classical Journal 111, no. 1 (2015): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.5184/classicalj.111.1.0067.

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Yu, WANG, and WANG Xiao-Ming. "Population ecology of dwarf blue sheep ( Pseudois schaeferi )." Biodiversity Science 11, no. 1 (2003): 59–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.17520/biods.2003008.

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48

Netolitzky, Donald J. "A Revolting Itch: Pseudolaw as a Social Adjuvant." Politics, Religion & Ideology 22, no. 2 (April 3, 2021): 164–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21567689.2021.1924691.

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49

Hallett, Judith P. "Plautine Ingredients in the Performance of the "Pseudolus"." Classical World 87, no. 1 (1993): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4351437.

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50

Edwards, K. M., B. Sheu, S. Hong, A. H. Penn, G. W. Schmid-Schönbein, and P. J. Mills. "Leukocyte membrane bleb and pseudopod formation in hypertension." Journal of Human Hypertension 24, no. 10 (April 22, 2010): 684–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/jhh.2010.41.

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